to
JItbrarg
of
ONTAP.TO ARCHIVES
THE
ENGLISH DIALECT
DICTIONARY
BEING THE
COMPLETE VOCABULARY OF ALL DIALECT WORDS STILL IN USE, OR KNOWN
TO HAVE BEEN IN USE DURING THE LAST TWO HUNDRED YEARS
FOUNDED ON THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE ENGLISH DIALECT SOCIETY AND ON A LARGE
AMOUNT OF MATERIAL NEVER BEFORE PRINTED
EDITED BY
JOSEPH WRIGHT, M.A., PH.D., D.C.L.
* / '
DEPUTY PROFESSOR OF COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY IN THF. UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
VOLUME I. A— C
522169
- ^ Sl
LONDON: PUBLISHED BY HENRY FROWDE, AMEN CORNER, E.G.
PUBLISHER TO THE ENGLISH DIALECT SOCIETY
OXFORD: 116 HIGH STREET
NEW YORK: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
1898
\A(l rights reserved}
©jforb
PRINTED BY HORACE HART
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
NOTE
THE ENGLISH DIALECT DICTIONARY is printed at the expense of JOSKPH WRIGHT, MA.
of Langdale House, Park Town, Oxford.
TO THE
PROFESSOR W. W. SKEAT, Litt.V., V.C.L.
founder and President of
The English 'Dialect Society
Editor of
' Chaucer J ' Piers PlowmanJ and ' The Bruce '
The unwearied Worker in the varied Field of English Scholarship
To whose patient industry and contagious enthusiasm
in connexion tvith the laborious task of accumulating
dialect material, the possibility of compiling
an adequate
Dictionary of English Dialects
is mainly due
PREFACE
THE Dictionary includes, so far as is possible, the complete vocabulary of all English dialect words
which are still in use or are known to have been in use at any time during the last two hundred
years in England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. All words occurring both in the literary language and in
the dialects, but with some local peculiarity of meaning in the latter, are also included. On the other
hand, words which merely differ from the literary language in pronunciation, but not in meaning, are
generally excluded, as belonging properly to the province of grammar and not to that of lexicography.
It also contains (i) the exact geographical area over which each dialect word extends, together with
quotations and references to the sources from which the word has been obtained ; (2) the exact pro-
nunciation in each case according to a simple phonetic scheme, specially formulated for the purpose ;
(3) the etymology so far as it relates to the immediate source of each word. The work can never become
antiquated, and, when completed, will be the largest and most comprehensive Dialect Dictionary ever
published in any country. It will be a ' storehouse ' of information for the general reader, and an
invaluable work to the present and all future generations of students of our mother-tongue. It also
includes American' and Colonial dialect words which are still in use in Great Britain and Ireland, or which
are to be found in early-printed dialect books and glossaries. After some experience it became clear
that this plan was absolutely necessary in order to avoid admitting into the Dictionary words for which
I had not full and reliable evidence. It is difficult enough to obtain information about the pronunciation
and exact usage of many words in the United Kingdom, and it would have been still more difficult to
obtain such information from abroad. Some idea of the labour involved in this respect may be gathered
from the fact that at least 12,000 queries have been sent out from the ' Workshop ' connected with words
contained in this volume. And yet, in spite of all this labour, it has been necessary to keep back quite
a number of words— see list on pp. xxi-xxiv — for which there is at present insufficient evidence to
allow them to be included in the Dictionary. It is intended to issue a list of such words with each Part,
and all the friends of this undertaking are kindly invited to send to the Editor more information about these
words, so that they can eventually be included in a Supplement. The article on the verb ' To be ' cost
very considerable time and trouble. Copies of a printed form containing 194 points were sent to 150
persons in various parts of the United Kingdom ; and 150 similar forms containing many queries were
sent out about the words By, By(e. Many of the replies to these two sets of queries showed how very
difficult it is becoming to obtain information about minute points connected with grammar. It is quite
evident from the letters daily received at the ' Workshop ' that pure dialect speech is rapidly disappearing
from our midst, and that in a few years it will be almost impossible to get accurate information about difficult
points. Even now it is sometimes found extremely difficult to ascertain the exact pronunciation and
the various shades of meanings, especially of words which occur both in the literary language and in the
dialects. And in this case it is not always easy to decide what is dialect and what is literary English :
there is no sharp line of demarcation ; the one overlaps the other. In words of this kind I have carefully
considered each case separately, and if I have erred at all, it has been on the side of inclusion.
It has taken hundreds of people, in all parts of the United Kingdom, twenty-three years to collect
the material for the Dictionary. For the lists of Workers and Correspondents see pp. ix-xiv. In almost
vi PREFACE
every county, competent people have been secured to assist in answering queries and in supplying any
words that may have been omitted from the glossaries in their respective districts. Such a plan ensures
a far higher degree of accuracy and completeness than can possibly be attained by any other method.
In addition to the great amount of material sent in from unprinted sources— see pp. xi, xii— upwards
of three thousand dialect glossaries and works containing dialect words have been read and excerpted
for the purposes of the Dictionary1. Through the great kindness of the Princess, the whole of the
MS. collections and the library of the late Prince Louis Lucien Bonaparte were placed at my
disposal for over two years, which enabled me to get many thousand words and quotations from
hundreds of small local books not to be found in any of our public libraries.
I had hoped to give a classification ot the Dialects in this Preface, but I now think that it will be
better to wait until I have finished a greater portion of the Dictionary. From the words contained
in this volume, it would be easy to give a sketch-map showing clearly those districts in which the
Norse element is particularly strong. It is also most remarkable how in certain districts many
French words have been preserved, which are now obsolete in the literary language. At present
I have not the necessary leisure to work out and account for the fact that in Ireland the
dialects of some districts are essentially Scotch whilst in other districts they agree with those of
the West of England. Also it cannot be a mere accident that the dialect of South Pembrokeshire
contains quite a number of words of Flemish origin. Later on I hope to work out these matters
fully, and also to account for the special peculiarities of the Kentish dialects. It will also be easy
to show that a great many words which are now confined to particular districts, were confined
to those districts already in the Middle Ages, e. g. early illustrations of many words still in use
in East Anglia are only to be found in the Promptorium ; the same applies to many modern
Yorkshire words and the York Mystery Plays. In fact, when the Dictionary is completed it will
be of immense value in helping to settle the dialect in which many of our Middle-English
manuscripts were written, and it will throw a flood of light upon many problems connected with
Old and Middle-English phonology.
Any one who takes the pains to examine the Dictionary will find that neither time nor trouble
has been spared in order to obtain accurate information about popular games, customs, and supersti-
tions ; and, as far as possible, to give the literature where further information will be found. In the
etymological part of the dictionary, it must not be assumed that where no etymology is given
there has been no attempt made to find one. The very opposite is the case. It has often happened
that dozens of dictionaries, special glossaries, and articles in philological journals have been carefully
searched without any satisfactory results. In all such instances I have preferred to give nothing
rather than a mere guess. In thousands of instances it will be noticed that there is no previously
printed authority for the use of words in some districts. In all such cases I give the initials of
the persons who supplied the information; and I may add that one of my senior assistants has
spent over a fortnight in verifying these initials; so that they may be accepted as being correct.
Several words found in printed glossaries are omitted from the Dictionary as being 'Ghost Words.'
All such words will be collected together and printed in the last volume.
The number of queries sent out was proportionately greater in the C-words than in A and B,
owing to the great importance of obtaining accurate information about their pronunciation ; as it is
of special value to students of English philology to know in which districts the initial guttural has
remained and in which districts it has become the affricata ch. When the letters C and K are
mshed, it will become evident that several factors have to be taken into consideration in formulating
the laws for the normal development of Germanic initial k-. This volume contains a large number
words which W111 be specially interesting to folk-lorists and English philologists, as well as to the
>f dialects in general; e.g. Acre, Adder, Agate, All, As, At, Bandy sb.\ Banian-day, Banshee,
the scurctwifh
PREFACE vii
Barghest, Barley-break, Barring-out, Baum-rappil, Bcgaged, Beltane, Blin v., Blithemeat, Blue adj., Bly, Bosb.',
Bodcv.\ Boggart sb.\ Bogle, Boit sb?, Bondage, Boneshave, Bood, Boon sb.2, Boorey, Bootsb.2, Boun, Braidv.-,
Bride-ale, Bride-door, Bull sb.', Bungums, Bushel sb.1, Busk v.3, But prep., Buttony, Call v.\ Calve v? and sb.,
Cannv, Cantrip, Car-cake, Carlin(g}s, Carritcli, Catsb.1, Cattern, Char(e sb.1 and v.\ Chilver, Clout, Cock, Come v.\
Coiv, Crack sb.1 and v., Cradden, Crook sb.! and v., Crouse, Crundel, Cuckoo, &c.
Owing to the large number of ^4-words containing Latin and Greek prefixes, the difference between
the number of words beginning with A and B is not great in a dictionary of literary English ; — e. g.
in Webster, A occupies 99 pages and B 81 pages. A occupies 106 pages in the English Dialect Dictionary,
but B occupies no less than 370 pages. The statistics given below will show what an immense wealth
of words there is in our dialects, and from them some idea can also be formed of the enormous amount of
labour involved in the production of this volume. It ought to be mentioned that the figures do not include
the quotations, &c., from early writers, which are placed within square brackets at the end of each article.
Nor is any account taken of the many thousands of cross-references. This volume contains 17,519
simple and compound words, and 2,248 phrases, illustrated by 42,915 quotations with the exact source
from which they have been obtained. There are, in addition, 39,581 references to glossaries, to
manuscript collections of dialect words, and to other sources ; making a total of 82,496 references. These
figures are made up as follows: —
ABC Total
Simple and Compound Words . 1,508 7,789 8,222 I7i5r9
Phrases ...... 379 910 959 2.248
Quotations 6.759 18,198 17,95s 42.915
References without quotations . 2,500 '7,542 '9,539 39, 581
Total references .... 9j259 35,74° 37,497 82,496
As stated on the title-page, the Dictionary is in a great measure founded upon the publications
of the English Dialect Society. It was with this express object in view that the Society was started
at Cambridge in 1873, with the Rev. Prof. Skeat as Secretary and the Rev. J. W. Cartmell
as Treasurer. In 1876 the Headquarters of the Society were removed to Manchester; when J. H. Nodal,
Esq., became the Secretary and G. Milner, Esq., the Treasurer. The Headquarters remained at
Manchester until 1893. During these eighteen years Mr. Nodal rendered most valuable services
to the Society, and it is not too much to say that it was mainly through his great interest in the subject
that the Society published so many excellent County and other glossaries. From 1893 to 1896 the
Headquarters were in Oxford, during which time I acted as Secretary and the Rev. A. L. Mayhew
as Treasurer. After the Dictionary had been begun, it was no longer necessary to continue the existence
of the Society, and it was accordingly brought to an end in 1896 after it had published 80 volumes,
all of which are being incorporated in the Dictionary.
In the year 1886 Professor Skeat raised a fund, to which he contributed nearly half the money
himself, for the purpose of helping to defray the expenses of collecting and arranging the material
for the Dictionary. He had the good fortune to obtain the services of the Rev. A. Smythe Palmer,
D.D., who acted as organizing Editor for two years and a half. During this period Dr. Smythe Palmer
succeeded in getting together and in arranging in rough alphabetical order a large amount of material.
And I take this opportunity of expressing to him my sincere gratitude for all the valuable help he rendered
at this initial stage of the work. In 1889 it was thought the material was sufficiently complete to
enable me to begin to edit the work for press. I accordingly prepared several articles and had them
printed. These articles convinced me that at least twice the amount of the material which had then been
collected would be required before attempting to edit the Dictionary. I issued a circular stating the
kind of help wanted, and sent it to all the principal newspapers and public libraries in the United
Kingdom, as well as to many thousand people who might be likely to help in the work. By this means
the number of voluntary helpers was increased to over 600. It then became advisable to form local Com-
mittees in various parts of the country with the object of getting all the books relating to the respective
districts read and the slips arranged in alphabetical order before being sent to me. After preparing several
lists of books which still remained to be read for the Dictionary, I addressed many meetings on the great
Vlll
PREFACE
value of dialects for philological and other purposes, and succeeded in forming a number of local Committees
which have rendered most valuable assistance. In this connexion I wish to express my best
all the Committees and their Secretaries, and more especially to J. K. Hudson, Esq., B.A, Manchester;
S. K. Craven, Esq., Bradford; R. O. Heslop, Esq., Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; T. C. Peter, Esq., Redruth ;
and W H. Hills, Esq., Ambleside, who have spared neither time, trouble, nor expense in helping to make
the material as complete as possible. I have also the pleasant task of expressing my sincere gratitude
to all the voluntary readers, correspondents, and those people who so kindly placed their manuscript
collections of dialect words at my disposal. From the lists given on pp. ix-xiv it will be seen that some-
thing like a thousand people have in one way or another rendered valuable assistance in the work. In the
Preface it is not necessary to repeat all these names, but I must specially mention the following who
have so largely contributed to make my material what it is:— Mrs. F. A. Allen, Ilminster; H. A. Barnes,
Esq., Farnworth; Dr. G. F. Blandford, London, W. ; the Rev. G. B. R. Bousfield, M.A., London, W. ;
Dr. T. N. Brushfield, Budleigh-Salterton ; Miss E. F. Burton, Carlisle; Miss R. H. Busk, London, W. ;
R. Pearse Chope, Esq., B.A., Bayswater, W. ; G. E. Dartnell, Esq., Salisbury; J. W. Darwood,
Esq., Cambridge; Prof. C. A. Federer, Bradford; Dr. Fitzedward Hall, Marlesford ; the Rev. E. H.
Goddard, M.A., Wootton Bassett; Mrs. S. Hewett, Lynton ; J. K. Hone, Esq., Dudley; E. C. Hulme,
Esq., F.R.C.S., S. Kensington; the Rev. Hamilton Kingsford, M.A., Stoulton ; Miss S. A. Kirby,
London; B. Kirkby, Esq., Batley; Miss E. Lloyd, Crowborough ; the Rev. Dr. Mitchell, S. Leith ;
the Rev. W. M. Morris, M.A., Treherbert ; Mrs. Parker, Oxford; A. Pope, Esq., B.A., Manchester;
Dr. E. W. Prevost, Newnham, Glos. ; Miss Romanes, Oxford ; the Rev. W. F. Rose, M.A., Weston-
super-Mare; the Rev. J. S. F. Singleton, M.A., Weston-super-Mare ; E. Smith, Esq., Birmingham;
J. E. Sugars, Esq., M.A., Manchester; S. P. Unwin, Esq., Shipley; the Rev. Alex. Warrack, M.A., Stranraer;
T. C. Warrington, Esq., B.A., Carnarvon ; I. Wilkinson, Esq., Skelton, Yorks. ; the Rev. G. Williams,
M.A., Thornhill ; Mrs. Joseph Wright, Oxford ; and also the Editors of The Leeds Mercury Supple-
ment, The Penrith Observer, Notes and Queries, and The Yorkshire Weekly Post.
I owe most sincere thanks to my senior Assistants, Miss Partridge, Miss Hart, and Miss Yates,
as also to the other Assistants who have helped so faithfully and excellently in the preparation of
this volume. My special thanks are also due to Mr. Horace Hart, Controller of the University
Press, for much valuable advice in regard to the technic of the Dictionary; and also to Mr. Ostler,
the press reader, for the most excellent manner in which he has read the press proofs. I also express my
deep sense of indebtedness and obligation for the bequest of the late Thomas Hallam, Esq., Manchester,
and for the grant from the Royal Bounty Fund made by the Right Hon. A. J. Balfour, M.P., the
First Lord of the Treasury. Had it not been for this timely substantial support, the labours
of hundreds of people, extending over nearly a quarter of a century, would have been spent
in vain ; for I had exhausted all my own money, amounting to considerably over ,£2,000. And
lastly, to the Delegates of the University Press I owe my best thanks for their great kindness in
providing me with a 'Workshop' at the Press at a nominal rent; but the Delegates, while offering
me every facility for the production of the work, have no responsibility, pecuniary or other, in con-
nexion with it. The whole responsibility of financing -and editing the Dictionary rests upon myself.
I am therefore all the more grateful to the Subscribers who have supported me in this great and
difficult undertaking. They may rest assured that every effort will be made to maintain the present
quality of the work, and to issue the Parts at regular intervals of six months until the Dictionary
is completed.
JOSEPH WRIGHT.
OXFORD,
June 1898.
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS
ABBOTT, R. LAMB, Esq., M.A., 113 Banbury Road, Oxford.
ABKRCROMBY, The Hon. J., 62 Palmerston Place, Edin-
burgh.
ABERDEEN PUBLIC LIBRARY (per A. W. ROBERTSON, Esq.,
M.A., Librarian).
ABERDEEN, THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY OF (per P. J.
ANDERSON, Esq., Librarian).
ABERYSTWYTH, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LIBRARY.
ADSHEAD, G. H., Esq., 94 Bolton Road, Pendleton, Man-
chester.
ADVOCATES LIBRARY, EDINBURGH (per J. T. CLARK, Esq.,
Librarian).
AlLSA, The Most Hon. the Marquis of, Culzean Castle,
Maybole, Ayrshire.
AITKEN, JAMES H., Esq., Gartcows, Falkirk, N.B. [Sp.E.}
ALCOCK, CHARLES, Esq., M.A., Ph.D., Lord Weymouth's
Grammar School, Warminster.
ALCOCK, S. KING, Esq., M.D., Burslem (per HENRY
FROWDE).
ALDENHAM, The Right Hon. Lord, Aldenham House, near
Elstree, Herts.
ALLBUTT, ARTHUR, Esq., M.R.C.P.E..24 Park Square, Leeds.
ALLBUTT, Prof. T. C., M.D., Chaucer Road, Cambridge.
ALLCOCK, C. H., Esq., M.A., Eton College, Windsor.
ALLEN, The Rev. Canon S. W., H Belmont, Shrewsbury
(per Messrs. ADNITT & NAUNTON, Booksellers). [Sp.E.}
ALLIOTT, The Rev. RICHARD, M.A., Nonconformist Gram-
mar School, Bishop's Stortford (per A. BOARDMAN,
Bookseller, Bishop's Stortford).
ALLSOPP, The Hon. A. PERCY, Battenhall Mount, Worcester.
(2 copies.)
ALL SOULS COLLEGE LIBRARY, OXFORD (per C. W. C.
OMAN, Esq., M.A., Librarian).
ALMA TADEMA, Miss LAWRENCE, 17 Grove End Road,
London, N.W.
AMHERST COLLEGE LIBRARY, AMHERST, Mass., U.S.A. (per
E. G. ALLEN, Bookseller, 28 Henrietta Street, Covent
Garden, London, W.C.).
ANDERSON, WILLIAM, Esq., F.S.A., Scot., Arns-Brae, New
Kilpatrick, N.B.
ANDREWS & Co., Messrs., Booksellers, 64 Saddler Street,
Durham.
ANSTRUTHER, Sir RALPH, Bart., Balcaskie, Pittenweem,
N.B.
ARCHER-HIND, R. D., Esq., M.A., Trinity College, Cam-
bridge.
ARGYLL, His Grace the Duke of, K.G., K.T., Inveraray
Castle.
ARKWRIGHT, E. H., Esq., M.A., School House, Chigwell.
ARLOSH, JAMES, Esq., Littlemore, Oxford.
ARMOUR, The Rev. Canon, D.D., The School House, Crosby,
Liverpool (per Messrs. F. & E. GIBBONS, Booksellers,
19 Ranelagh Street, Liverpool).
ARMSTRONG, L., Esq., Walby, Weston-super-Mare.
ARNOLD, Prof. E. V., M.A., Bryn Seiriol, Bangor, N. Wales.
ASHER & Co., Messrs., 13 Bedford Street, Covent Garden,
London, W.C. (9 copies.)
ASTON MANOR PUBLIC LIBRARY, near BIRMINGHAM (per
R. K. DENT, Esq., Librarian).
ATHENAEUM CLUB, Pall Mall, London, S.W. (per H. T.
TEDDER, Esq., Librarian).
ATKIN, E. TH., Esq., Highbury House, Kenwood Road,
Sheffield. [Sp.E.]
ATKINSON, The Rev. Canon, D.C.L., Danby Parsonage,
Castleton, Yorks.
ATKINSON FREE LIBRARY, SOUTHPORT (per TH. NEWMAN,
Esq., Librarian).
AUDEN, The Rev. THOMAS, M.A., F.S.A., Condover Vicar-
age, Shrewsbury.
BACCHUS, The Rev. F., The Oratory, Edgbaston, B'ham.
BAGWELL, RICHARD, Esq., Marlfield, Clonmel.
BAIN, JAMES, Esq., I Haymarket, London.
BAINBRIDGE, CUTHBERT, Esq., Leazes House, Wolsingham,
near Darlington.
BALA, THE THEOLOGICAL COLLEGE LIBRARY, N. WALES
(per J. A. JONES, Esq., Registrar).
BANG, Prof. W., Louvain, Belgium.
BANKS, KIRBY, Esq., Rose Villa, Burton Hill, Leeds (per
HENRY FROWDE).
BARDSLEY, The Right Rev. J. W., D.D., Lord Bishop of
Carlisle, Rose Castle, Carlisle.
BARLOW, JOHN R., Esq., J.P., Greenthorn, Edgworth, near
Bolton, Lanes.
BARLOW, THOMAS, Esq., M.D., 10 Wimpole Street,
London, W.
BARNES, HAROLD A., Esq., Crompton Fold, Breightmet,
Bolton, Lanes.
BARNETT, J. D., Esq., Stratford, Ontario, Canada.
BARROW-IN-FURNESS FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY (per T.
ALDRED, Esq., Librarian).
BARTLETT, ALFRED, Esq., M.A., Loughborough, Leicester-
shire.
BARWELL, The Rev. A. H. SANXAY, M.A., Clapham Rectory,
Worthing.
BATES, E. B., Esq., Assistant Postmaster, Ottawa, Canada.
[Sp.E.}
BATSON, Mrs. STEPHEN, Welford Rectory, Newbury.
BATTERSEA PUBLIC LIBRARY, Lavender Hill, London, S.W.
(per LAWRENCE INKSTER, Esqv Librarian).
BAUMGARTNER, Prof. A., Hottingen, Ziirich, Switzerland (per
HENRY FROWDE).
BAXTER, JAMES C., Esq., 45 Heriot Row, Edinburgh.
BAYFORD, EDWIN, Esq., 20 Eldon Street, Barnsley.
BAYLIS, J. W., Bookseller, Evesham (per HENRY FROWDE).
BEALBY, J. T., Esq., B.A., Graden, Regent's Park Road,
Finchley, London, N.
BEDFORD LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTE AND
GENERAL LIBRARY (per H. M. DYMOCK, Esq., Hon.
Secretary).
b
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS
BEDFORD MODERN SCHOOL (per The Rev. ROBERT B.
POOLE, D.D.).
BELJAME, Prof. A., The Sorbonne, Paris (per Messrs. BOY-
VEAU & CHEVILLET, 22 Rue de la Banque, Paris).
BELL, HENRY, Esq., Heathfield, Stockport.
BELL, HUGH, Esq., Red Barns, Redcar.
BELL, RUSSELL, Esq., Sheriff's Substitute, Campbeltown,
Argyllshire.
BELL, W. HEWARD, Esq., Seend, Melksham, Wilts.
BELLAMY, C. H., Esq., F.R.G.S., Brock Road, Heaton
Chapel (per Messrs. W. N. PITCHER & Co., 49 Cross
Street, Manchester).
BENNION, J. A., Esq., M.A., M.Sc., County Offices, Preston.
BENTINCK-SMITH, Miss M., Park Terrace, Beverley, Yorks.
BEST, JOHN D., Esq., M.A., The College, Chester.
BETHELL, WILLIAM, Esq., Rise Park, Hull.
BICKERS & SON, Messrs., Booksellers, I Leicester Square,
London, W. (2 copies.)
BILLSON, CHARLES J., Esq., M.A., St. John's Lodge, Claren-
don Park, Leicester.
BILSLAND, WILLIAM, Esq., 28 Park Circus, Glasgow.
BINDLOSS, Mrs. S. A., Carnforth, Brondesbury Park,
London, N.W.
BINNS, J£THELBERT, Esq., Wilsden, near Bradford, Yorks.
BlRKENHEAD FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY (per WILLIAM MAY,
Esq., Librarian).
BIRKETT, D. M., Esq., M.A., Grammar School House,
Sevenoaks, Kent.
BIRMINGHAM LIBRARY, Union Street, Birmingham (per
C. E. SCARSE, Esq., Librarian).
BIRMINGHAM NAT. HIST. AND PHIL. Soc. (per WALKER
E. COLLINGS, Esq., Mason College, Birmingham).
BLACKBURN, Prof. JOSEPH, M. A., Roshven,Moidart, Scotland.
BLACKIE, J. ALEXANDER, Esq. (per Messrs. BLACKIE & SON,
Limited, 17 Stanhope Street, Glasgow).
BLACKPOOL FREE LIBRARY (per Miss K. LEWTAS, Librarian).
BLACKWELL, B. H., Bookseller, Broad Street, Oxford.
BLAIR, ROBERT, Esq., F.S.A., Harton Lodge, near South
Shields.
BLAKISTON, The Rev. R. MILBURN, F.S.A., 7 Dean's Yard,
Westminster, S.W.
BLAND, R., Esq., Three Gables, Grove Park, Kent.
BLANDFORD, G. FIELDING, Esq., M.D., 48 Wimpole Street,
London, W.
BLUNDELL'S SCHOOL LIBRARY, TIVERTON (per A. L.
FRANCIS, Esq., M.A.).
BOND, EDWARD, Esq., Elm Bank, Hampstead, London, N.W.
BOND, J. KINTON, Esq., B.A., 13 The Crescent, Plymouth.
BONN, UNIVERSITATSBIBLIOTHEK, GERMANY (per Prof.
TRAUTMANN).
BOOTLE FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY (per J. J. OGLE, Esq.,
Librarian).
BOSTON ATHENAEUM, BOSTON, U.S.A. (per Messrs. KEGAN
PAUL, TRENCH & Co.).
BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY, BOSTON, U.S.A. (per Messrs.
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH & Co.).
BOULTER, H. B., Esq., F.R.C.S., Barnard House, Richmond,
Surrey.
BOURDILLON, F. W., Esq., Melton Lodge, Great Malvern.
BOURNEMOUTH PUBLIC LIBRARY (per CH. RIDDLE, Esq.,
Librarian).
BOUSFIELD, The Rev. G. B. R., 248 Portsdown Road,
London, W.
BOWDITCH, CHARLES, Esq., 28 State Street, Boston, Mass.,
U .S . A .
BOWEN, H. COURTHOPE, Esq., 3 York Street, Portman
Square, London, W.
Esq'' CambridSe (Per MACMILLAN &
BRADBURY, C. T., Esq., Riversvale Hall, Ashton-under-
Lyne.
BRADFIELD COLLEGE LIBRARY, BERKSHIRE (per The Rev
H. B. GRAY, D.D.).
BRADFORD FREE LIBRARY, Darley Street (per BUTLER
\\-OOD, Esq., Librarian).
BRADLEY, Prof. A. C., M.A., 10 Bruce St., Hillhead, Glasgow.
BRADLEY, HENRY, Esq., M.A., 96 Bolingbroke Grove,
Wandsworth Common. London, S.W.
BRAMSTON, Miss .A. R-, Witham Close, Winchester.
BRANDL, Prof. A., Ph.D., Berlin.
BRASENOSE COLLEGE LIBRARY, OXFORD (per Messrs.
JAMES PARKER & Co.).
BRAUNHOLTZ, E. G. W., Esq., M.A., Ph.D., 37 Chesterton
Road, Cambridge.
BRENAN, The Rev. SAMUEL ARTHUR, Knocknacarry, Co.
Antrim.
BRENNER, Prof. O., Ph.D., Wurzburg, Bavaria.
BRERETON, The Rev. F. L., M.A., North Eastern County
School, Barnard Castle.
BRETT, CHARLES H., Esq., Gretton Malone, Belfast.
BREUL, KARL, Esq., M.A., Ph.D., Litt.D., 19 Chesterton
Road, Cambridge.
BRIGG, JOHN J., Esq., M.A., Guard House, Keighley, Yorks.
BRIGHT, Prof. JAMES W., Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Ma., U.S.A.
BRIGHTON PUBLIC LIBRARY (per F. W. MADDEN, Esq.,
Librarian).
BRISTOL, The Most Hon. the Marquis of, 6 St. James's
Square, London, S.W. [Sp.E.}
BRITTEN, JAMES, Esq., 18 West Square, London, S.E.
BRIXTON OVAL (THE TATE) LIBRARY, LONDON (per FRANK
J. BURGOYNE, Esq., Librarian).
BROCKHAUS, F. A., Bookseller, 48 Old Bailey, London, E.G.
BROCKINGTON, W. A.. Esq., Mason College, Birmingham.
BROMLEY HOUSE LIBRARY, NOTTINGHAM (per W. MOORE,
Esq., Librarian).
BROOKE, THOMAS, Esq., F.S.A., Armitage Bridge, Hudders-
field. [Sp.E.}
BROOKFIELD, Mrs., 2 Devonshire Villas, Brondesbury,
London, N.W.
BROWN, Prof. ALEX. CRUM, 8 Belgrave Crescent, Edinburgh.
BROWN, Prof. EDWARD MILES, University of Cincinnati,
Ohio, U.S.A.
BROWN, JOHN A. HARVIE, Esq., Dunipace House, Larbert,
N.B.
BROWN, Prof. J. CAMPBELL, D.Sc., Brownlow Street, Liver-
pool. [Sp.E]
BROWN, ROBERT, Esq., Jun., F.S.A., Priestgate House,
Barton-on-Humber, Hull.
BROWN, WILLIAM, Esq., Trenholme, Northallerton.
BROWN, The Rev. W. HAIG, LL.D., Charterhouse School,
Godalming. [Sp.E]
BRUCE, ALEX., Esq., Clyne House, Pollokshields, Glasgow.
BRUCE, Prof. JAMES DOUGLAS, Bryn Mawr, Penn., U.S.A.
BRUCE, R. T. HAMILTON, Esq., 32 George Square, Edin-
burgh. [Sp.E.]
BRUNEL, ISAMBARD, Esq., D.C.L., Athenaeum Club, London,
S.W.
BRUNNER, Sir JOHN T., Bart., M.P., Druids Cross, Waver-
tree, Liverpool (per HENRY FROWDE).
BRUNNER, ROSCOE, Esq., Druids Cross, Wavertree, Liver-
pool (per HENRY FROWDE).
BRUSHFIELD, T. N., Esq., M.D., Budleigh-Salterton, Devon.
BRYN MAWR COLLEGE LIBRARY, Penn., U.S.A. (per Messrs.
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH & Co.).
BUCKMAN, S. S., Esq., F.G.S., Ellborough, Charlton Kings,
Cheltenham (per JOHN H. KNOWLES, Bookseller, 15
Rush Hill Road, Lavender Hill, London, S.W.).
BiiLBRiNG, Prof. KARL D., Ph.D., Groningen, Holland (per
DAVID NUTT, 270 Strand, London, W.C.).
BULL, C. M., Esq., Kennett, Doods Road, Reigate.
BULLER, The Right Hon. Sir REDVERS H., V.C., G.C.B.,
29 Bruton Street, London, W.
BUMBY, Mr. FRED E., University College, Nottingham.
BUND, J.W.WILLIS, Esq., 15 Old Square, Lincoln's Inn,
London, W.C.
BURNLEY LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY (per
JOHN ALLEN, Esq., Hon.. Sec.).
BURNSIDE, W., Esq., The Laurels, Hither Green Lane,
London, S.E.
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS
XI
BURRA, JAMES S., Esq., Bockhanger, Ashford, Kent.
BURTT, G. W., Esq., 1 14 Manor House Road, Newcastle-on-
Tyne.
BUTE, The Most Hon. the Marquis of, 22A Queen Anne's
Gate, Westminster, London, S.W. (per RENE F. R.
CONDER, Esq., Librarian), [i ordinary and I Sp.E.]
BYRDE, The Rev. R. A., M.A., Allhallows School, Honiton,
Devon.
BVRNE, L. S. R., Esq., M.A., Eton College, Windsor.
BVROM, J. LEWIS, Esq., Brookland Lodge, Delph, near Man-
chester.
BYWATER, Prof. INGRAM, M.A., Norham Gardens, Oxford.
CADDICK, EDWARD, Esq., Wellington Road, Edgbaston,
Birmingham. [Sp.E.]
CAIUS COLLEGE LIBRARY, CAMBRIDGE (per W. T. LEN-
DRUM, Esq., M.A., Librarian).
CAMBRIDGE PUBLIC FREE LIBRARY (per Messrs. MAC-
M1LLAN & BOWES, Cambridge).
CAMPBELL, J. ALEX., Esq., Stracathro, Brechin, N.B.
CANDLISH, The Rev. J. S., D.D., Free Church College,
Glasgow.
CANTERBURY, THE DEAN AND CHAPTER LIBRARY, THE
PRECINCTS, CANTERBURY (per The Right Rev. the
BISHOP OF DOVER, Librarian).
CARDIFF PUBLIC LIBRARIES, CARDIFF (per JOHN BAL-
LINGER, Esq.).
CARLINGFORD, The Right Hon. Lord, K.P., Chewton Priory,
Bath.
CARLISLE, THE FREE LIBRARY COMMITTEE, TULLIE
HOUSE (per R. BATEMAN, Esq., Librarian).
CARMICHAEL, Sir THOMAS D. GIBSON, Bart., M.P., Castle-
craig, Dolphinton, N.B.
CARPENTER, The Right Rev. W. BOYD, D.D., Lord Bishop
of Ripon, The Palace, Ripon.
CARTER, Rev. H. J. (per MACMILLAN & BOWES).
CARTER, Miss MARY H., The Cottage, Headington Hill,
Oxford.
CARY-ELWES, V., Esq., F.S.A., The Manor House, Brigg,
Lines.
CASARTELLI, The Rev. L. C, Ph.D., St. Bede's College,
Manchester.
CAZENOVE, C. D., Bookseller, 26 Henrietta Street, Covent
Garden, London, W.C. (2 copies.)
CECIL, HENRY, Esq., Bregner, Bournemouth.
CHADWICK, S. J., Esq., F.S.A., Oxford Road, Dewsbury,
Yorks.
CHALMERS, F. RASHLEIGH, Esq., 44 Broadway, New York,
U.S.A.
CHAMBERLAIN, The Right Hon. J., M.P., Highbury, Moor
Green, Birmingham.
CHAMBERS, Messrs. W. & R., 339 High Street, Edinburgh.
CHAMPNEYS, A. C., Esq., M.A., The College, Marlborough.
CHANCE, F., Esq., Burleigh House, 35 Sydenham Hill,
London, S.E.
CHARTERHOUSE SCHOOL LIBRARY, GODALMING (per The
Rev. W. HAIG BROWN, LL.D.).
P CHASE, Miss ELLEN, Heath Hill, Brookline, Mass., U.S.A.
CHASE, FRANK H., Esq., 51 Trumbull Street, New Haven,
Conn., U.S.A.
CHEETHAM, The Ven. S., D.D., Archdeacon of Rochester,
The Precincts, Rochester.
CHELSEA PUBLIC LIBRARY, LONDON, S.W. (per J. H.
QUINN, Esq., Librarian).
CHETHAM'S LIBRARY, HUNT'S BANK, MANCHESTER (per
W. J. BROWNE, Esq., Librarian).
CHETTLE, HENRY, Esq., 76 Ridge Road, Hornsey, London, N.
CHILD, Prof. FRANCIS J., Ph.D., LL.D., Cambridge, Mass.,
U.S.A. (per B. F. STEVENS).
CHOLMELEY, ROBERT F., Esq., M.A., St. Paul's School,
London, W.
CHOPE, R. PEARSE, Esq., B.A., The Patent Office, 25 South-
ampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.
CHORLTON, THOMAS, Esq., 32 Brazenose Street, Manchester.
CHRISTIAN, GEORGE, Esq., Redgate, Uppingham, Rutland.
CHRISTIANIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY (per Messrs. KEGAN
PAUL, TRENCH & Co.).
CHRIST CHURCH COLLEGE LIBRARY, OXFORD (per Messrs.
JAMES PARKER & Co.).
CHRIST'S COLLEGE LIBRARY, CAMBRIDGE (per NORMAN
MCLEAN, Esq., M.A., Librarian).
CHURCH, W. S., Esq., M.D., 130 Harley Street, London, W.
CLARE COLLEGE LIBRARY, CAMBRIDGE (per The Rev. Dr.
ATKINSON).
CLARENDON, The Right Hon. the Earl of, The Grove,
Watford.
CLARK, CHARLES J., Bookseller, 4 Lincoln's Inn Fields,
London, W.C.
CLARK, Prof. E. C., LL.D., Newnham House, Cambridge.
CLARK, E. K., Esq., 13 Well Close Place, Leeds.
CLARK, The Rev. J. MEEK, M.A., Arborfield, Weybridge.
CLARK, OSCAR W., Esq., M.B., Rahere, Brunswick Road,
Gloucester.
CLAYE, H. SANDFORD, Esq., Park Lane, Macclesfield,
Cheshire. [Sp.E.]
CLERKENWELL PUBLIC LIBRARY, LONDON, E.G. (per J. D.
BROWN, Esq., Librarian).
CLIFTON COLLEGE LIBRARY, BRISTOL (per A. T. MARTIN,
Esq., Librarian).
CLITHEROE FREE LIBRARY, LANCS. (per JAMES ROBINSON,
Esq., Librarian.)
CLOUSTON, TH. S., Esq., M.D., Tipperlinn House, Morning-
side Place, Edinburgh.
COCHRANE, Miss JANET, 10 Bondgate Without, Alnwick.
COCK, ALFRED, Esq., Q.C., 8 Kensington Park Gardens,
London, W.
COHEN, F., Buchhandlung, Bonn, Germany.
COLDICOTT, ARTHUR C., Esq., Ullenhall, Henley-in-Arden,
near Birmingham.
COLE, The Rev. R. E., M.A., Doddington Rectory, Lincoln.
COMPTON, The Right Rev. Lord ALWYNE, D.D., Lord
Bishop of Ely, The Palace, Ely..
COLLEGE OF NEW JERSEY, PRINCETON, U.S.A. (per G. E.
STECHERT, Bookseller).
COLLITZ, Prof. HERMANN, Ph.D., Bryn Mawr College, Bryn
Mawr, Penn., U.S.A. (per G. E. STECHERT, 30 Welling-
ton Street, Strand, W.C.).
COLORADO, UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, BUCKINGHAM LIBRARY,
Boulder, Colo., U.S.A. (per E. G. ALLEN).
COLUMBIA COLLEGE LIBRARY, NEW YORK CITY, U.S.A.
(per G. E. STECHERT).
CONSTABLE, Messrs. T. & A., University Press, Edinburgh.
CONWAY, Prof. R. SEYMOUR, M.A., Redcroft, Llandaff, near
Cardiff.
COOK, Prof. ALBERT S., Ph.D., Yale University, New Haven,
Conn., U.S.A.
COOPER, Miss A. J., 50 Colebrooke Row, London, N.
COOPER, The Rev. T. S., F.S.A., Chiddingfold, Godalming.
COPLEY, A. B., Esq., School of Shorthand, Rutland Street,
Leicester.
CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, ITHACA, U.S.A. (per E. G.
ALLEN, London, W.C.).
CORNISH BROTHERS, Messrs., Booksellers, 37 New Street,
Birmingham. (2 copies.)
CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE LIBRARY, OXFORD (per The
Rev. CHARLES PLUMMER, M.A., Librarian).
COSIJN, Prof. P. J., Ph.D., Leyden, Holland.
COULSTON, The Rev. G., D.D., St. Cuthbert's College,
Ushaw, Durham.
COURTNEY, The Right Hon. L., M.P., 15 Cheyne Walk,
Chelsea.
COURTNEY, Miss M.A., Trenance, Penzance, Cornwall.
COWEN, JOSEPH, Esq., Stella Hall, Blaydon-on-Tyne. [Sp.E.}
CRAIG, W. J., Esq., Ardverness, Reigate.
CRAIGIE, WILLIAM A., Esq., M.A., United College, St.
Andrews, N.B.
CRAMPTON, W. T., Esq., Parcmont, Roundhay, near Leeds.
CRAVEN, E., Esq., Mulcture Hall, Eastwood, Todmorden.
CRAWFORD, The Right Hon. The Earl of, K.T., Haigh
Hall, Wigan.
ba
Xll
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS
CREWE, The Right Hon. The Earl of, Crewe Hall, Crewe.
\Sp.E.] (2 copies.)
CROCKETT, S. R., Esq., Bank House, Penicuick, Midlothian.
CROFTON, H. T., Esq., 36 Brazenose Street, Manchester.
CROSS, The Rev. JOHN EDWARD, M.A., Halecote, Grange-
over-Sands.
CROSSLEY, JAMES, Bookseller, 19 Union Street, Halifax,
Yorks. (2 copies.)
GROSSMAN, Maj.-Gen. Sir WILLIAM, K.C.M.G., Cheswick
House, Beal, R.S.O., Northumberland.
CRUICK.SHANK, J. W., Esq., Coorabe Head, Haslemere,
Surrey.
CRUSO, The Rev. H. E. T., M.A., Tunstall Rectory, Sitting-
bourne.
CUMMINGS, WILLIAM H., Esq., Sydcote, West Dulwich,
London, S.E.
CURLE, JAMES, Esq., Jun., F.S.A., Priorwood, Melrose, N.I?.
DALE, Messrs. JOHN, & Co., Booksellers, 17 Bridge Street,
Bradford, Yorks.
DALTON, The Rev. Canon, F.S.A., C.M.G., St. George's,
Windsor Castle.
DANIEL, The Rev. W. EUSTACE, M.A., East Pennard,
Shepton Mallet.
DARLINGTON, T., Esq., M.A., Glynderwen, Alleyn Road,
West Dulwich, S.E.
DARMSTADT, GROSSH. HOFBIBLIOTHEK (per TRUBNER'S
BUCHHANDLUNG, Strassburg).
DAVIDSON, HUGH, Esq., Braedale, Lanark.
DAVIDSON, THOMAS, Esq., 339 High Street, Edinburgh.
DAVIES, The Rev. T. WITTON, B.A., Midland Baptist
College, Nottingham.
DAY, T. J., Bookseller, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (per
HENRY FROWDE).
DAYMAN, F. S., Esq., Ashley Court, Tiverton, Devon.
DEEDES, The Rev. CECIL, M.A., 2 Clifton Terrace, Brighton.
DEES, R. R.,Esq.,The Hall.Wallsend, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
DEIGHTON, BELL & Co., Messrs., Booksellers, Cambridge.
(5 copies.)
DENNY, Messrs. A. & F., Booksellers, 304 Strand, London,
W.C. (2 copies.)
DENWOOD, JOHN, Esq., Morland Place, Brigham Road,
Cockermouth, Cumberland (per AE. BINNS, Wilsden).
[Sp.E.]
DERBY FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY (per W. CROWTHER, Esq.,
Librarian).
DERBY, The Right Hon. the Earl of, G.C.B., Knowsley
Hall, Prescot, Lanes, (per The Rev. JOHN RICHARDSON,
Librarian). [Sp.E.]
DEVON AND EXETER ALBERT MEMORIAL MUSEUM,
TECHNICAL AND UNIVERSITY EXTENSION COLLEGE
AND FREE LIBRARY, EXETER (per JAMES DALLAS,
Esq., Librarian).
DEW, GEORGE JAMES, Esq., Lower Heyford, Banbury.
DEWAR, WILLIAM, Esq., M.A., Rugby School, Ru^by
DEWSBURY, THE PUBLIC LIBRARY (per W. H. SMITH, Esq.,
Librarian).
DICK, J., Esq., 1 1 Osborne Avenue, Newcastle-upon-Tyne
DIXIE, WALTER J., Esq., 27 Park Street, Windsor, Berks.'
DOBLE, C. E., Esq., M.A., 21 Winchester Road, Oxford.
DOGGETT, HUGH G., Esq., Springfield, Leigh Woods,
Clifton, Bristol.
DONALDSON, JAMES, Esq., LL.D., Principal of the Uni-
versity, St. Andrews, N.B.
DOTESIO, W.C., Bookseller, Bra dford-on- Avon (per HENRY
FROWDE).
EDWARD' LL'D" Buona Vista> Killiney,
> Bi™ingham (per HENRY
(2 copies.)
The Rev. H., M.A, Hawarden, Chester.
^SH LiBRA*Y> Gordon S£luare. London, W.C.
W. H., Esq., Gorway, Walsall.
.
& C°" Booksellers> 37 Soho Square,
DUNN, G., Esq., 3 Greenhill Place, Edinburgh.
DURHAM CATHEDRAL LIBRARY (for the Dean and Chapter,
per The Rev. W. GREENWELL, D.C.L., F.R.S.,
Librarian).
DURHAM SCHOOL LIBRARY (per The Rev. W. HOBHOUSE,
M.A.).
DURHAM UNIVERSITY LIBRARY (per Messrs. ANDREWS
& Co., Durham).
DYSON, GEORGE, Esq., Argyle Street, Marsden, near Hud-
dersfield.
EARLE, The Rev. Prof. JOHN, M.A., Oxford (per Messrs.
JAMES PARKER & Co.).
EASTWOOD, JOHN ADAM, Esq., 49 Princess Street, Man-
chester.
ECCLES, Miss JANE HELEN, 3 Dean's Yard, Westminster
Abbey, London, S.W. [Sp.E.]
EDINBURGH ACADEMY LIBRARY, Henderson Row, Edin-
burgh (per G. B. GREEN, Esq., Librarian).
EDINBURGH, THE PUBLIC LIBRARY (per H. MORRISON,
Esq., Librarian).
EDINBURGH, THE SIGNET LIBRARY (per THOS. G. LAW,
Esq., Librarian).
EDWARDES, The Rev. DAVID, M.A., Denstone College,
Staffordshire.
EDWARDS, TREVOR, Esq., West Riding Solicitor, Wakefield.
EGERTON, Prof. CHARLES W., M.A., University College,
Auckland, New Zealand.
EINENKEL, Prof. Dr. EUGENE, 92 Hammerstrasse, Miinster,
Westphalia.
ELLERSHAW, The Rev. HENRY, M.A., Hatfield Hall, Durham
(per Messrs. ANDREWS & Co., Booksellers, Durham).
ELLIOT, ANDREW, Bookseller, 17 Princes Street, Edinburgh.
ELLIS, Miss CHARLOTTE, The Hall, Belgrave, Leicester.
ELLIS, F. S., Esq., The Red House, Chelston, Torquay.
ELWORTHY, FREDERICK T., Esq., Foxdown, Wellington,
Somerset.
EMERSON, P. H., Esq., B.A., M.B., North Cliff Lodge,
Lowestoft.
EMRYS-JONES, A., Esq., M.D., J.P., Brynderw, Fallowfield,
Manchester.
ERDMANN, Prof. AXEL, Upsala, Sweden.
ERLANGEN, SEMINAR FUR ROMANISCHE UND ENGLISCHE
PHILOLOGIE (per Prof. VARNHAGEN).
ERLANGEN, UNIVERSITATSBIBLIOTHEK (per Prof. VARN-
HAGEN).
EVANS, H. A., Esq., 16 Manchester Road, Chorlton-cum-
Hardy, Manchester.
EVANS, H. E. G., Esq., St. Mary's House, Tenby.
EVANS, J. GWENOGFRYN, Esq., M.A., 7 Clarendon Villas,
Oxford. [Sp.E.]
EVANS, W. H., Esq., 15 Victoria Square, Reading.
EXETER COLLEGE LIBRARY, OXFORD.
FACULTY OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS, GLASGOW (per
JAMES MACLEHOSE & SONS).
FACULTY OF PROCURATORS LIBRARY, GLASGOW (per
J. MuiR, Esq., Librarian).
FAIRCHILD, The Hon. C. S., LL.D., 46 Wall Street, New
York City, U.S.A.
FARRAH, JOHN, Esq., F.R.Met.Soc., Crescent Road, Harro-
gate.
FARWELL, GEORGE, Esq., 60 Queen's Gardens, Lancaster
Gate, London, W.
FAUNTHORPE, The Rev. J. P., M.A., Whitelands College,
Chelsea, London, S.W.
FEDERER, Prof. CH. A., L.C.P., 8 Hallfield Road, Bradford.
FERGUSON, The Rev. JOHN, B.D., The Manse, Aberdalgie,
Perth, N.B.
FERGUSON, Prof. JOHN, M.A., Glasgow.
FERGUSON, ROBERT, Esq., F.S.A., Morton, Carlisle.
FICKLING, W., Esq., M.A., St. Peter's College, Peterborough.
FIEDLER, Prof. GEORG, Ph.D., Mason College, Birmingham.
FINDLAY, J. R., Esq., 3 Rothesay Terrace, Edinburgh.
FIRTH, C. H., Esq., M.A., 33 Norham Road, Oxford.
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS
Xlll
FISCHER, Prof. HERMANN, Ph.D., Tiibingen, Germany.
FISHER, THOMAS, Esq., Carhead, Crossbills, via Keighley.
FLEMING, GEORGE, Esq., C.B., LL.D., Higher Leigh, Combe
Martin, North Devon.
FLETCHER, CHARLES K., Esq., Kenward, Yalding, Maidstone.
FLETCHER, The Rev. GEORGE, Wesleyan College, Richmond,
Surrey.
FLUGEL, Prof. EWALD, Ph.D., Stanford University, Calif.,
U.S.A. (per MAX NIEMEYER, Bookseller, Halle, a. S.,
Germany).
FOGGITT, WILLIAM, Esq., South Villa, Thirsk, Yorks.
FoOTE, S. H. WELLS, Esq., Leigham Court Road, Streatham,
London, S.W.
FORD, A. L., Esq., Gwynallt, Lynmouth, Devon (per JOHN
GALWAY, Bookseller, 17 Garrick Street, Covent Garden,
London).
F6RSTER, MAX TH. W., Esq., Ph.D., 28 Giergasse, Bonn,
Germany (per Messrs. ROHRSCHEID £ EBBECKE, Book-
sellers, Bonn).
FOSTER, T. GREGORY, Esq., University College, London, W.C.
FOWLER, The Rev. J. T., D.C.L., Bishop Hadfield's Hall,
Durham (per Messrs. ANDREWS & Co., Durham).
FOWLER, W. WARDE, Esq., M.A., Lincoln College, Oxford.
Fox, ARTHUR W., Esq., Albion House, The Downs, Bowdon,
Cheshire.
Fox, FRANCIS F., Esq., Yate House, Chipping Sodbury,
Gloucester.
FRANCIS, A. L., Esq., Blundell's School, Tiverton, Devon.
FRANKLAND, M., Esq., The Grammar School, Ossett, Yorks.
FRANKLIN, W. E., Bookseller, Newcastle-on-Tyne (per
HENRY FROWDE).
FRASER, H. E., Esq., M.B., 63 Church Street, Inverness, N.B.
FRASER, JOHN, Esq., I Railway Cottages, Spekeland Road,
Liverpool. (2 copies?)
FREEMAN, J. J., Esq., Halliford-on-Thames, Middlesex.
[Sp.E.}
FREE CHURCH COLLEGE LIBRARY, THE, Lynedoch Street,
Glasgow (per W. CANDISH, Esq., Librarian).
FREIBURG, BIBLIOTHEK DES SEMINARS FUR GERMANISCHE
PHILOLOGIE, ENGLISCHE ABTHEILUNG AN DER UNI-
VERSITAT, Baden, Germany.
FREIBURG, UNIVERSITATSBIBLIOTHEK, Baden, Germany.
FRY, Mrs. FRANCIS J., Eversley, Leigh Woods, Clifton,
Bristol.
FURNIVALL, F. J., Esq., M.A., Ph.D., 3 St. George's Square,
London, N.W.
GALLAWAY, ALEX., Esq., Dirgarve, Aberfeldy, N.B.
GALLEE, Prof. J. H., Ph.D., Utrecht, Holland.
GEDEN, A. S., Esq., Wesleyan College, Richmond, Surrey.
GENERAL- ASSEMBLY LIBRARY, Wellington, New Zealand
(per HENRY FROWDE).
GEORGE'S SONS, Messrs. WILLIAM, Booksellers, Park Street,
Bristol. (3 copies.)
GERISH, W. B., Esq., 3 Oxford Villas, Womley, Herts.
GERRANS, H. T., Esq., M.A., 20 St. John's Street, Oxford.
GIBBS, ANTHONY, Esq., Tyntesfield, Bristol. [Sp.E.]
GIESSEN, UNIVERSITATSBIBLIOTHEK (per HIRSCHFELD
BROS., Booksellers, Bream's Buildings, Fetter Lane,
London, E.G.).
GIGGLESWICK SCHOOL LIBRARY, SETTLE (per PH. BEAR-
CROFT, Esq., Librarian).
GILES, P., Esq., M.A., 10 Park Terrace, Cambridge.
GILLIAT, The Rev. E., M.A., Harrow-on-the-Hill, London.
GLADSTONE, The Right Hon. HERBERT, M.P., 4 Cleve-
land Square, St. James's, London, S.W.
GLADSTONE, The Right Hon. W. E., Hawarden Castle,
Hawarden.
GLASGOW, BAILLIES INSTITUTION FREE LIBRARY (per W.
SIMPSON, Esq., Librarian).
GLASGOW UNIVERSITY LIBRARY (per Messrs. J. MACLE-
HOSE & SONS, Booksellers, Glasgow).
GOLLANCZ, L, Esq., M.A., 54 Sidney Street, Cambridge.
GOMME, G. L., Esq., F.S.A., 24 Dorset Square, London, N.W.
GOODWIN, D. G., Esq., Buildwas, Ironbridge, Shropshire.
GORDON, The Rev. J. M., M.A., St. John's Vicarage, Redhill,
Surrey.
GORDON, The Right Rev. Dr., Bishop's House, Leeds (per
J. DODGSON, Bookseller, Albion Street, Leeds).
Goss, WILLIAM HENRY, Esq., Bank House, Stoke-upon-
Trent (per R. HEAD, Bookseller, 11 High Street,
Congleton).
GOSTEKER, CH., Esq., Moorthorpe, Darwen. [Sp.E.]
GOTEBORGS STADSBIBLIOTEK (per H. GREVEL & Co,
Booksellers, 33 King Street, Covent Garden, London,
W.C.).
GOTT, The Right Rev. JOHN, D.D., Lord Bishop of Truro,
Trenython, Par Station, Cornwall.
Gow, JAMES, Esq., Litt.D., Nottingham High School.
GOWANS, ADAM L., Esq., Hazeldean, Langside, Glasgow.
GRAZ, SEMINAR FUR ENGLISCHE PHILOLOGIE AN DER K. K.
UNIVERSITAT, Graz, Austria (per Prof. KARL LUICK,
Ph.D.).
GREAT YARMOUTH, THE FREE LIBRARY (per WILLIAM
CARTER, Esq., Librarian).
GREEN, The Rev. R., Didsbury College, Manchester.
GREY, The Right Hon. Earl, Howick, Lesbury, Northum-
berland. [Sp.E.}
GREY, W. WILSON, Esq., M.A., Trinity College, Cambridge.
GRIERSON, Prof. H. J. C, M.A., King's College Road,
Aberdeen.
GROSS, E. J., Esq., M.A., Gonville Place, Cambridge.
GRUNDY, G. BEARDOE, Esq., M.A., The Military College,
Oxford.
GUILDHALL LIBRARY, LONDON, E.C. (per CHARLES WELCH,
Esq., F.S.A., Librarian).
GUILLE-ALLES LIBRARY, GUERNSEY (per J. LINWOOD
PITTS, Esq., F.S.A., Curator).
GUNN, WILLIAM, Esq., Geological Survey of Scotland,
Sheriff Court House, Edinburgh.
GUTCH, Mrs., Holgate Lodge, York.
GUY, RALPH C., Esq., Forest School, Walthamstow, London.
HAGERUP, H., Boghandel, Copenhagen (per SAMPSON Low,
MARSTON & Co.).
HAILEYBURY COLLEGE LIBRARY, HERTFORD (per W.
KENNEDY, Esq., B.A., Librarian).
HALES, The Rev. C. T., M.A., Aysgarth School, Bedale,
Yorks.
HALES, Prof. JOHN W., M.A., I Oppidans Road, Primrose
Hill, London, N.W.
HALFORD, Sir H. ST. JOHN, C.B., Wiston, Leicester.
HALIFAX PUBLIC LIBRARY, YORKS. (per J. WHITELEY,
Esq., Librarian).
HALL, FITZEDWARD, Esq., D.C.L., Marlesford, Wickham
Market.
HALL, JOSEPH, Esq., M.A., 189 High Street, Oxford Road,
Manchester.
HALLAM, THOMAS, Esq., 25 Craig Street, Stockport Road,
Manchester.
HALLE, SEMINAR FUR ENGLISCHE PHILOLOGIE, GERMANY
(per DAVID NUTT).
HALLE, UNIVERSITATSBIBLIOTHEK (per HENRY FROWDE).
HAMBURG, STADTBIBLIOTHEK (per LUCAS GRAFE, Buch-
handler, Bergstrasse 10, Hamburg).
HAMILTON PUBLIC LIBRARY, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
(per RICHARD T. LANCEFIELD, Esq., Librarian).
HAMMERSMITH PUBLIC LIBRARY, Ravenscourt Park, London
(per S. MARTIN, Esq., Librarian).
HANDSWORTH PUBLIC LIBRARY, Staffs.
HANKINSON, G. H., Esq., 88 King Street, Manchester.
HANSEN, Dr. ADOLF, Chr. Winthersvej 25, Copenhagen.
HARBEN, H. A., Esq., B.A., F.S.A., 107 Westbourne Terrace,
Hyde Park, London, W.
HARLESDEN PUBLIC LIBRARY, LONDON, N.W. (per H. S.
NEWLAND, Esq., Librarian).
HARRIS, The Hon. W. T., LL.D., United States Com-
missioner of Education, Washington, D.C.
HARRISON & SONS, Messrs., Booksellers, 59 Pall Mall,
London, S.W. [i Sp.E.}
XIV
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS
HART, Prof. C. E., 33 Levington Ave, New Brunswick,
New Jersey, U.S.A.
HART, Prof. J. M., J.U.D., Cornell University (per B. F.
STEVENS).
HARTLAND, E. SIDNEY, Esq., Highgarth, Gloucester.
HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY (per Messrs. KEGAN PAUL,
TRENCH & Co.).
HARVEY, H. C., Esq., Fern Dene, Ryton-on-Tyne.
HARVEY, W., Esq., The Rookery, Nantwich.
HARWOOD, JAMES, Bookseller, Derby (per HENRY FROWDE).
HATCHARD & Co., Messrs., Booksellers, Piccadilly, London,
W. (per HENRY FROWDE). (3 copies.)
HAWELL, The Rev. JOHN, M.A., Ingleby-Greenhow Vicarage,
Middlesborough.
HAWICK PUBLIC LIBRARY (per GEORGE S. S. M°NAIRN,
Esq., Librarian).
HAWKINS, The Rev. Sir JOHN C., Bart., Kelston Lodge,
Banbury Road, Oxford.
HAYWARD, W. D., Bookseller, 42 George Street, Croydon
(per HENRY FROWDE). [Sp.EJ]
HAZARD, ROWLAND GIBSON, Esq., Holly House, Peace
Dale, Rhode Island, U.S.A.
HEADLAM, C. E. S., Esq., M.A., Trinity Hall, Cambridge (per
Messrs. MACMILLAN & BOWES, Booksellers, Cambridge).
HEATH, Prof. H. FRANK, M.A., Bedford College, York Place,
Baker Street, London, W.
HEIGNBOTTOM TECHNICAL SCHOOL AND FREE LIBRARY,
ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE (per D. H. WADE, Esq.,
Librarian).
HEIDELBERG, BIBLIOTHEK DES GERM.-ROM. SEMINARS
(per Prof. SCHICK).
HEIDELBERG, UNIVERSITATSBIBLIOTHEK (per Prof. Dr.
ZANGEMEISTER).
HELME, The Rev. ROBERT, M.A., St. George's, Hassocks.
HELSINGFORS UNIV. BIBLIOTEKET (per Messrs. KEGAN
PAUL, TRENCH & Co.).
HEREFORD CATHEDRAL LIBRARY (per the Rev. Canon
PHILLOTT, Librarian).
HERFORD, Prof. C. H., Litt.D., Hillside, Aberystwyth.
HERVEY, The Rev. SYDENHAM H. A., B.A., Wedmore
Vicarage, Weston-super-Mare.
HESLOP, R. O., Esq., The Crofts, Corbridge, R.S.O., Nor-
thumberland.
HEWGILL, The Rev. W., M.A., Milton Villas, Farnworth,
R.S.O.
HEYWOOD, JOHN, Bookseller, Deansgate, Manchester
(2 copies.)
HILL, The Rev. A. D., Downton Vicarage, Salisbury
HILL, Miss ELLEN M., 63 Compayne Gardens, W. Hamp-
stead, London, N.W.
HILL, The Rev. GEOFFREY, M.A., Harnham Vicarage,
Salisbury.
HILL, TH. A., Esq., M.A., Normanton-on-the-Wolds, Plum-
tree, near Nottingham.
HILLS, WM. HENRY, Esq., The Knoll, Ambleside.
ilND, JESSE, Esq., Papplewick Grange, Nottingham.
HIRST, F. W., Esq., Wadham College, Oxford.
HIRST, WILLIAM, Bookseller, 259 Monton Road, Eccles,
Manchester.
HOCKLIFFE, F., Bookseller, Bedford. \Sp.E.}
Esq" Bamborough Keep>
' New«stle-on-
Hm TL!f wRAETICKi £sq" The Gran&e' Eastbourne.
OLLIS W. A., Esq., 8 Cambridge Road, Brighton
HON SOCIETY OF KINGS INN*S LIBRARY, DUBLIN
Messrs. HODGES, FIGGIS & Co., 104 Grafton
HOOPS, Prof. J., Ph.D., Tubingen, Germany.
HOPKINS, HENRY, Esq., Castle Acre. Swaffham, Norfolk.
HORNING, Prof. L. E., Victoria University, Queen's Park,
Toronto, Canada.
HOUSE OF COMMONS, THE LIBRARY OF THE, LONDON, S.W.
(per RALPH C. WALPOLE, Esq., Librarian).
HOVENDEN, ROBERT, Esq., F.S.A., Heathcote, Park Hill
Road, Croydon, Surrey.
HOWARD, DAVID, Esq., Devon House, Buckhurst Hill,
Essex.
HOWARD, ROBERT H., Esq., Brampton, Carlisle. [Sp.E.]
HOWES, The Rev. A. P., Bolton Abbey Rectory, Skipton-in-
Craven.
HOWORTH, DANIEL F., Esq., F.S.A.Scot., Grafton House,
Ashton-under-Lyne.
HOYLE, WILLIAM E., Esq., Manchester Museum, The
Owens College, Manchester.
HUBBARD, Prof. F. G., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, Wiscon-
sin, U.S.A.
HUDSON, J. K., Esq., B.A., Masson Villa, Dickenson Road,
Longsight, Manchester.
HULL PUBLIC LIBRARY (per Messrs. MACMILLAN & BOWES,
Cambridge).
HULL SUBSCRIPTION LIBRARY, Royal Institution, Hull (per
A. MILNER, Esq., Librarian).
HULME, E. C., Esq., F.R.C.S., 18 Philbeach Gardens,
S. Kensington, S.W.
HUMFREYS, W. J., Esq., Hereford.
HUTCHINGS, The Rev. Canon R. S., Alderbury Vicarage,
Salisbury.
MUTTON, A. H. D., Esq., M.A., Carisbrooke, Chelston, Tor-
quay (per Messrs. MACMILLAN & BOWES, Cambridge).
HYDE, JOHN, Esq., F.S.S., University Place, N.W., Washing-
ton, D.C., U.S.A.
INDERWICK, F. A., Esq., Q.C., 8 Warwick Square, London,
S.W.
INGILBY, Sir HENRY D., Bart., Ripley Castle, Yorkshire.
INNSBRUCK, UNIVERSITATSBIBLIOTHEK, AUSTRIA.
INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS, THE LIBRARY
OF THE, Moorgate Place, London, E.G. (per REGINALD
B. FELLOWS, Esq., Librarian).
JACKS, WILLIAM, Esq., M.P., Glasgow.
JACKSON, CHARLES H., Esq., 2 Copthall Chambers, London,
E.C.
JACKSON, RICHARD, Bookseller, 16 Commercial Street,
Leeds. (2 copies.)
JAMESON, J. H., Esq., 3 Northumberland Street, Edinburgh.
JAMIESON, JAMES AULDJO, Esq., 14 Buckingham Terrace,
Edinburgh.
JESUS COLLEGE, THE MEYRICK LIBRARY (per Messrs.
JAMES PARKER & Co.).
JOHNSON, E., Bookseller, 30 Trinity Street, Cambridge.
JOHNSTON, JOHN, Bookseller, Linthorpe RoacL Middles-
borough. (2 copies.)
JOHNSTONE, JAMES, Esq., Ycoed, Stroud, Glos.
JONES, JOHN, Esq., Central Buildings, Llandudno, Wales.
JONES, JOHN A., Esq., 9 Granville Road, Middlesborough.
JONES, Prof. W. LEWIS, M.A., University College, Bangor,
N. Wales.
JUST, W. N., Esq., M.A., St. Peter's College, Westminster.
London, S.W.
JUTA & Co., Messrs., Booksellers, Cape Town, Cape Colony
(per HENRY FROWDE).
KANSAS, THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY OF, LAWRENCE, U.S.A.
(per R. MOODY, Esq., Librarian).
KENNEDY, A C., Esq., 20 Tite Street, Chelsea, London,
a.W. [Sp.E.}
KENNEDY, Miss LOUISE, Fairacre, Concord, Mass., U.S.A.
(per B. F. STEVENS).
KER, Prof. W. P., M.A., 95 Gower Street, London, W.C.
KIMPSTER, Miss A., Royal Holloway College, Egham, Surrey.
K.ING, j. E., Esq., M.A., The Grammar School, Manchester.
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS
xv
KINGSTON-ON-THAMES FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY (per BENJ.
CARTER, Esq., Librarian).
KIRBY, THOMAS FREDERICK, Esq., M.A., The College,
Winchester.
KIRKPATRICK, The Rev. Prof., D.D., 3 Salisbury Villas,
Cambridge.
KITCHIN, The Very Rev. G. W., D.D., The Deanery,
Durham.
KlTTREDGE, Prof. G. L., A.B., Harvard University, Cam-
bridge, Mass., U.S.A.
KNIGHT, A. L., Esq., 30 Basinghall Street, Leeds.
KNOWLES, The Rev, CH., M.A., Winteringham Rectory,
Doncaster.
KNOWLES, W. ]., Esq., Flixton Place, Ballymena.
KOEPPEL, Prof., Miinchen (per A. BUCHHOLZ, Buchhandler,
7 Ludwigstrasse, Miinchen, c/o Messrs KEGAN PAUL,
TRENCH & Co.). (2 copies.}
KONRATH, Prof. M., Ph.D., Greifswald, Germany.
LADELL, H. R., Esq., Englewood, Harold Road, Upper
Norwood, London, S.E. (per WILLIAMS & NORGATE).
LAFAYETTE COLLEGE LIBRARY, Easton, Pa., U.S.A. (per
H. GREVEL £ Co.).
LAFFAN, The Rev. R. S. DE C., M.A., Cheltenham College,
Cheltenham.
LAING, The Rev. R. C., St. Cuthbert's College, Ushaw,
Durham.
LANCASHIRE INDEPENDENT COLLEGE, Whalley Range,
Manchester (per C. GOODYEAR, Esq., Librarian).
LANDY, CHRISTOPHER H. H., Esq., 91 High Street, South-
ampton.
LANGE, RICHARD, Esq., Moika 38, St. Petersburgh (per
Messrs. W. WESLEY & SON, Booksellers, 28 Essex
Street, Strand, London, W.C.).
LAYER, HENRY, Esq., F.S.A., Head Street, Colchester.
LAWRANCE, HENRY, Esq., The Lawn, Gainsborough.
LEA, Miss E. M., 48 Banbury Road, Oxford.
LEADER, R. E., Esq., 41 Streatham Hill, London, S.W.
LEAMINGTON SPA FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY (per D. B.
GRANT, Esq., Librarian).
LEARNED, Prof. MARION DEXTER, University of Pennsyl-
vania, Philadelphia, Pa, U.S.A.
LEEDS INDUSTRIAL CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY (per GEO. E.
EYRE, Esq.^Secretary, 24 Kelsall Terrace, Burley, Leeds).
LEEDS LIBRARY, Commercial Street, Leeds (per FRANK
YATES, Esq., Librarian).
LEIGH FREE LIBRARY, Leigh, Lanes, (per JAMES WARD,
Esq., Librarian).
LEIGH, W. B., Esq., Mersey Bank, Heaton Mersey, Man-
chester.
LEIPZIG, -STADTBiBLioTHEK (per Messrs. WILLIAMS &
NORGATE).
LEIPZIG, UNIVERSITATSBIBHOTHEK (per Messrs. WILLIAMS
& NORGATE).
LENZ, Prof. Dr. PHILIPP, Hohere Tochterschule, Baden-
Baden, Germany.
LEOSER, CHARLES M°K., Esq., Larchmont Manor, New York,
U.S.A.
LEVESON-GOWER, GRANVILLE, Esq., F.S.A., Titsey Place,
Limpsfield.
LEWIS, His Hon. Judge DANIEL, Llandrindod Wells, Rad-
norshire.
LEWIS, Sir W. THOMAS, Bart., Aberdare, S. Wales.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, WASHINGTON, U.S.A. (per E. G.
ALLEN, Bookseller).
LIBRARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, WASHINGTON,
D.C., U.S.A. (per W. O. WlNLOCK, Esq.).
LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, U.S.A. (per
G. E. STECHERT).
LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER, U.S.A. (per
G. E. STECHERT).
LINCOLN COLLEGE LIBRARY, OXFORD (per J. A. R. MUNRO,
Esq., M.A., Librarian).
LINCOLN'S INN, THE HON. SOCIETY OF, LONDON, W.C. (per
A. F. ETHERIDGE, Esq., Librarian). [Sp.E.]
LIPPINCOTT, Messrs. J. B., Company, Booksellers, 10 Hen-
rietta Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
LLOYD, Miss E., Branxholm, Pine Grove, Weybridge.
LOCKE, CYRIL L. C., Esq., St. Neots, Eversley, Winchfield,
Hants.
LOGEMAN, Prof. H., Ph.D., 136 Chausse"e de Courtrai, Ghent
(per Messrs. WOHLLEBEN, 45 Great Russell Street,
London, W.C.).
LONDON LIBRARY, St. James's Square, London, S.W. (per
C. T. HAGBERG WRIGHT, Esq., LL.B.).
LONDON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, Burlington Gardens, W.
(per A. MILMAN, Esq., M.A., Registrar).
LONG, The Rev. W. S. F., M.A., Culham College, Abingdon.
LONGSTAFF, G. B., Esq., Highlands, Putney Heath, Lon-
don, S.W.
LOUNSBURY, Prof. T. R., LL.D., Yale University, New
Haven, Conn., U.S.A.
LOWRY, H. D., Esq., B.A., Camborne, Cornwall.
LOWTHER, The Rev. W. B., Wesley Villas, Thirsk, Yorks.
LUCY, CHARLES F., Esq., Bank, Pickering, Yorks.
LUNDELL, Prof. J. A., Upsala, Sweden (per Prof. ERDMANN).
LUPTON BROS., Messrs., Booksellers, Burnley, Lanes.
LUZAC, Messrs., & Co., 46 Great Russell Street, London, W.C.
MACDONALD, A. M., Esq., Thornlea, Seafield, Aberdeen, N.B.
MACDONALD, GEORGE, Esq., 2 St. Bernard's Place, Hillhead,
Glasgow.
MACINTYRE, P. M., Esq., M.A., LL.B., 12 India Street,
Edinburgh.
MACKAY, The Rev. G. 5., Free Church Manse, Doune,
Perthshire (per Messrs. MACNIVEN & WALLACE, Book-
sellers, 138 Princes Street, Edinburgh).
MACLAGAN, R. C., Esq., M.D., 5 Coates Crescent, Edinburgh.
MACLEHOSE, Messrs. JAMES, & SONS, Booksellers, 61 St.
Vincent Street, Glasgow. (2 copies.)
MACMILLAN & BOWES, Messrs., Cambridge. (3 copies.)
MACNIVEN & WALLACE, Messrs., Booksellers, 138 Princes
Street, Edinburgh. (4 copies.)
MACRlTCHIE, DAVID, Esq., 4 Archibald Place, Edinburgh.
MADDOCKS, JOHN, Esq., Maple Hill, Park Drive, Heaton,
Bradford, Yorks.
MAGDALEN COLLEGE LIBRARY, OXFORD (per H. A. WILSON,
Esq., M.A., Librarian).
MANCHESTER FREE REFERENCE LIBRARY (per C. W.
SUTTON, Esq., Librarian).
MANCHESTER GRAMMAR SCHOOL (per J. R. BROADHURST,
Esq., M.A., Librarian).
MANCHESTER LITERARY CLUB (per C. W. SUTTON, Esq.,
Free Library).
MANFIELD, Sir PHILIP, Northampton. [Sp.E.]
MANNING, PERCY, Esq., 46 Broad Street, Oxford.
MANT, The Rev. NEWTON, M.A., The Vicarage, Hendon,
London, N.W.
MARCH, HENRY COLLEY, Esq., M.D., 2 West Street, Roch-
dale.
MARKHAM, CHRISTOPHER A., Esq., F.S.A., Spratton,
Northampton.
MARRIOTT, W. K., Esq., The Manor, Barking, Essex.
MARSDEN, RICHARD G., Esq., Fernbank, 14 Fox Hill, Upper
Norwood, London, S.E.
MARSH, Prof. ARTHUR R., Harvard University, Cambridge,
Mass., U.S.A.
MARSHALL, Miss ADA BLANCHE, Belle Vue House, 92
Cheyne Walk, London, S.W.
MARTIN, A. T., Esq., F.S.A., Rodborough House, Percival
Road, Clifton, Bristol.
MARTIN, Prof. ERNST, Ph.D., Strassburg, i. E., Germany.
MARTIN, The Rev. H. A., M.A., Laxton Vicarage, Newark.
[Sp.E.]
MARWICK, Sir JAMES D., LL.D., 19 Woodside Terrace,
Glasgow.
MASON, JOHN, Esq., M.D., Windermere.
MASON, PHILIP B., Esq., Burton-on-Trent.
MATHIESON, F. C., Esq., Beechworth, Hampstead Heath,
London, N.W.
XVI
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS
MATHWIN, H., Esq., B.A., Upwood, Birkdale, Southport.
MATTHEWS, ALBERT, Esq., 145 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.
(per Messrs. SAMPSON Low, MARSTON & Co.).
MATTHEWS, Miss ELIZABETH, The Hollies, Swaffham,
Norfolk.
MATVEIEFF, BASIL, Esq., 102 Fenchurch Street, London.E.C.
[SJ>.E.]
MAX MULLER, The Right Hon. Prof. F., M.A., 7 Norham
Gardens, Oxford.
MAYLAM, PERCY, Esq., 9 Watling Street, Canterbury.
McCLURE, J. D., Esq., M.A., Mill Hill School, London, N.W.
McCoRMlCK, W. S., Esq., St. Andrews, Scotland.
M°KERROW, R. B., Esq., 227 Cromwell Mansions, Cromwell
Road, London, S.W.
MEDLEY, The Rev. J. B., M.A., Tyntesfield, Bristol.
MELBOURNE PUBLIC LIBRARY, Victoria, Australia (per
M. F. DOWDEN, Esq., Librarian).
MERCANTILE LIBRARY, NEW YORK (per G. E. STECHERT).
MERCHANT TAYLORS' SCHOOL LIBRARY, LONDON, E.G.
(per The Rev. WILLIAM BAKER, D.D.).
MERRICK, W. P., Esq., Manor Farm, Shepperton.
MERTON COLLEGE LIBRARY, OXFORD (per Messrs. JAMES
PARKER & Co.).
METCALFE,TheRev.W. M.,D.D., South Manse, Paisley.N.B.
MEYER, Prof. KUNO, Ph.D., University College, Liverpool
(per Messrs. WILLIAMS & NORGATE).
MICHIGAN, THE UNIVERSITY OF, Ann Arbor, Mich., U.S.A.
(per Messrs. H. SOTHERAN & Co., Booksellers, 140
Strand, London, W.C.).
MlDDLESBOROUGH HIGH SCHOOL (per JOHN SEWELL, Esq.,
M.A., Headmaster).
MILES, Messrs. T., & Co., Booksellers, 95 Upper Street,
London, N.
MILL, Miss, 12 Croxteth Road, Princes Park, Liverpool.
MILLER, A. L., Esq., Ravensdowne, Berwick-on-Tweed.
MILLER, Prof. C. W. E., Johns Hopkins University, Balti-
more, U.S.A.
MILLER, HUGH, Esq., H.M. Geological Survey of Scotland,
Sheriff Court House, George IV Bridge, Edinburgh.
MILLER, P., Esq., F.S.A.Scot., 8 Bellevue Terrace, Edin-
burgh.
MILNE, The Rev. J., Newlands Manse, Mountain Cross,
Peeblesshire, N.B.
MILWAUKEE PUBLIC LIBRARY, Wise., U.S.A. (per G. E.
STECHERT).
MINET, WILLIAM, Esq., 48 Gloucester Square, London, W.
MITCHELL, The Rev. JAMES, M.A., D.D., The Manse, South
Leigh, Edinburgh.
MITCHELL LIBRARY, 21 Miller Street, Glasgow (per T.
BARRETT, Esq., Librarian).
MOCATTA, F. D., Esq., 9 Connaught Place, London, W.
MOFFAT, ALEX. G., Esq., Swansea,
MOIR, JAMES, Esq., LL.D., The Ash, Hamilton Place, Aber-
deen.
MOLLER, Prof. Dr. HERMANN, 2 Mathildevei, Frederiksberg,
Copenhagen, Denmark.
MOLLER, J. GATMAR, Bookseller, Lund, Sweden
MONTEFIORE, CLAUDE G., Esq., 12 Portman Square, Lon-
don, W.
MOORE, ALFRED, Esq., Eythorne, Dover.
MOORE, AW., Esq., M.A., Woodbourne House, Douglas,
Isle of Man.
MORETON The Lord, Sarsden, Chipping Norton, Oxon.
MORFILL, W. R, Esq., M.A., 4 Clarendon Villas, Oxford.
MORGAN, Lieut.-Col. W. LI., Brynbriallu, Swansea.
M ORISON JOHN, Esq., 11 Burnbank Gardens, Glasgow.
MORRIS, Prof E. E., University of Melbourne, Australia (per
SLADE' Booksellt'
MORRISON, WALTER, Esq., M.P., 77 Cromwell Road, Lon-
don, S.W. [Sp.E.]
MORSBACH, Prof. L., Ph.D., Gottingen (per SAMPSON Low,
MARSTON & Co. (2 copies^
MORTIMER, J. R., Esq., Driffield, Yorks.
MOUBRAY,JOHN J., Esq., Naemoor, Rumbling Bridge, N.B.
Upper Ma,,,
View, Tyn,
MOULTON, Rev. W. F., D.D., The Leys School, Cambridge
(per Messrs. MACMILLAN & BOWES).
MOUNT, The Rev. C. B., M.A., 14 Norham Road, Oxford.
MUNBY, A. J., Esq., 6 Figtree Court, Temple, London, E.G.
MURDOCH, The Rev. A. G., M.A., Free Church Manse, John
Street, Ayr, N.B.
MURISON, WILLIAM, Esq., 27 Gladstone Place, Aberdeen.
MURRAY, A., Esq., 5 Meadow Place, Edinburgh (per Mr.
MILLER, 33 So. Clerk Street, Edinburgh).
MURRAY, DAVID, Esq., LL.D., 169 West George Street,
Glasgow.
MURRAY, Dr. W., Swinburne Castle, Haughton, Northum-
berland.
MUSTERS, Mrs. L. C., Wiverton Hall, Bingham, Notts.
NAPIER, Prof. A. S., M.A., Headington Hill, Oxford.
NAPIER, The Rev. T. P., B.A., c/o Rev. J. STEPHENSON,
Forton Vicarage, Gosport.
NASH, EDMUND, Esq., M.D., 123 Lansdowne Road, Netting
Hill, London, W.
NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB, Whitehall Place, London, S.W.
(per A. W. HUTTON, Esq., Librarian).
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF IRELAND (per Messrs. HODGES,
FIGGIS & Co., 104 Grafton Street, Dublin).
NEBRASKA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, LINCOLN, U.S.A. (per
Miss MARY L. JONES, Librarian).
NETTLESHIP, EDWARD, Esq., 5 Wimpole Street, London, W.
NEWARK FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY, NEWARK, U.S.A. (per
G. E. STECHERT).
NEWBOLD, ARTHUR, Esq., Parklands, Burgess Hill, Sussex.
NEWCASTLE- ON -TYNE LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL
SOCIETY (per W. E. FRANKLIN, Bookseller, 42 Mosley
Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne).
NEWCASTLE -ON -TYNE PUBLIC LIBRARIES (per BASIL
ANDERTON, Esq., Chief Librarian).
NEWNHAM COLLEGE LIBRARY, CAMBRIDGE (per Miss K.
STEPHEN, Librarian).
NEW SOUTH WALES PUBLIC LIBRARY, SYDNEY (per HENRY
FROWDE).
NICHOLSON, E. W. B., Esq., M.A., Bodleian Library, Oxford.
NINNIS, BELGRAVE, Esq., M.D., Brockenhurst, Aldrington
Road, Streatham, London, S.W. [Sp.E.]
NOCK, L. F., Esq., Tutshill House, Durham Rd., Birmingham.
NODAL, John H., Esq., The Grange, Heaton Moor, near
Stockport.
NOORDHOFF, P., Boekhandelaar, Groningen, Holland.
NOTTINGHAM FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY (per J. POTTER
BRISCOE, Esq., Librarian).
ODDIE, The Rev. J. W., Lyzwick Hall, Keswick.
O'KlNEALY, The Hon. Mr. Justice (per Messrs. MACMILLAN
& BOWES).
OLDFIELD, The Rev. W. J., M.A., St. Paul's Missionary
College, Burgh, R.S.O., Lines.
OLDHAM INDUSTRIAL CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY (EDUCA-
TIONAL DEPARTMENT), Foundry Street, Oldham (per
A. SPENCER, Esq., Librarian).
OLIPHANT, T. L. KINGTON, Esq., Gask, Auchterader, N.B.
ORIEL COLLEGE LIBRARY, OXFORD (per Messrs. JAMES
PARKER & Co.).
ORPEN, Rev. J. H. (per Messrs. MACMILLAN & BOWES).
OTT, Dr. J. H., Librarian, Watertown, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
(per B. F. STEVENS).
OWEN, The Rev. ERNEST, M.A., Cathedral School, Llandaff.
OWEN, HENRY, Esq., F.S.A., 44 Oxford Terrace, Hyde Park,
London, W.
OWEN, The Rev. R. TREVOR, M.A., F.S.A., Llangedwyn
Vicarage, Oswestry.
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS
xvn
OWENS COLLEGE LIBRARY, THE, MANCHESTER (per W. E.
RHODES, Esq., Librarian).
OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE CLUB, LONDON (per Messrs.
HARRISON & SON, 59 Pall Mall, London, S.W.). [Sp.E.}
OXFORD UNION SOCIETY (per Messrs. SLATTER & ROSE,
Booksellers, Oxford).
PAGET, The Very Rev. FRANCIS, D.D., The Deanery, Oxford.
PAGET, Sir R. H., Bart., Cranmore Hall, Shept on- Mallet,
Somerset.
PALGRAVE, Prof. FRANCIS T., M.A., 15 Cranley Place,
Onslovv Square, London, S.W.
PALMER, H. V., Esq., The Yorkshire Post, Leeds.
PARKER, GEORGE T., Esq., United States Consul, Birming-
ham (per HENRY FROWDE).
PARKER, JAMES, & Co., Booksellers, Oxford. (2 copies.)
PARKIN, W. WILTON, Esq., Eastbourne, Darlington.
PARKINSON, JOHN WILSON, Esq., 35 Winchelsea Road,
Tottenham, London, N.
PARKYN, Major EDWIN, J.P., F.G.S., Hon. Sec., Cornwall
Library, Truro.
PARRY, R. St. J., Esq., M.A., Trinity College, Cambridge.
PATON, A. B., Esq., Irvine Bank, Crosby, near Liverpool.
PAUL, GEORGE M., Esq., F.S.A.Scot., 38 Greenhill Gardens,
Edinburgh.
PAUL, Messrs. KEGAN, TRENCH & Co., Paternoster House,
Charing Cross Road, London.
PAWSON, ALBERT HENRY, Esq., Farnley, Leeds.
PAYNE, WILLIAM, Esq., Hatchlands, Cuckfield, Sussex.
PAYNE-SMITH, The Rev. W. H., M.A., 10 Hillmorton Road,
Rugby.
PEABODY INSTITUTE, THE LIBRARY OF, BALTIMORE, U.S.A.
(per E. G. ALLEN).
PEACOCK, EDWARD, Esq., F.S.A., Dunstan House, Kirton-
in-Lindsey, Lines.
PEACOCK, MATTHEW H., Esq., M.A., The Grammar School,
Wakefield.
PEARSON, Prof. KARL, M.A., University College, London.
PEASE, HOWARD, Esq., Arcot Hall, Dudley, R.S.O., Nor-
thumberland.
PECKOVER, ALEXANDER, Esq., LL.D., F.S.A., Sibald's
Holme, Wisbeach.
PEEK, C. E., Esq., M.A., F.S.A., Rousdon, Lyme Regis,
Dorset.
PEEL, ROBERT, Esq., The Avenue, Wilmslow, Cheshire.
PEILE, JOHN, Esq., Litt.D., The Master, Christ's College,
Cambridge.
PEMBROKE COLLEGE LIBRARY, CAMBRIDGE (per R. A.
NEIL, Esq., M.A., Librarian).
PERCIVAL, The Right Rev. JOHN, D.D., Lord Bishop of
Hereford, The Palace, Hereford.
PERCY, The Right Hon. Earl, Alnwick Castle.
PETER, THURSTAN C., Esq., Townhall, Redruth, Cornwall.
PETERHOUSE COLLEGE LIBRARY, CAMBRIDGE (per W. E.
BARNES, Esq., M.A., Librarian).
PHILLIPS, JOHN, Esq., M.A., M.D., 71 Grosvenor Street
London. W.
PICKUP, P. W., Esq., 71 Preston New Road, Blackburn.
PIERPOINT, ROBERT, Esq., M.P., St. Austin's, Warrington.
PILKINGTON, Sir GEORGE A., C.A., Belle Vue, Southport.
PLATNAUER, H. M., Esq., The Museum, York.
PLATT, R., Bookseller, Wigan (per HENRY FROWDE).
PLYMOUTH, THE PROPRIETARY LIBRARY, Cornwall Street,
Plymouth (per GORDON GOODWIN, Esq., Librarian).
POGATSCHER, Prof. A., Ph.D., Prague, Austria (per Messrs.
SAMPSON Low, MARSTON & Co.).
POOLES, The Rev. C. KNOX, M.A., The Rectory, New-
townards, Co. Down (perT. DARGAN, Bookseller, Castle
Lane, Belfast).
POOLL, Mrs. BATTEN, Road Manor, Bath.
POPE, The Rev. R. W. M., D.D., Students' Delegacy, Oxford.
PORTER, R. V., Esq., Raleigh, Beckenham.
POTT, JAMES, Esq., 19 Radeclyffe Terrace, Pimlico Road,
Clitheroe.
, Prof. F. YORK, M.A., Christ Church, Oxford.
POWELL, J. U., Esq., M.A., St. John's College, Oxford.
PRICE, The Rev. Canon BARTHOLOMEW, D.D., The Master,
Pembroke College, Oxford.
PRICE, Prof. THOMAS R., LL.D., Columbia College, New
York City, U.S.A.
PRIESTLEY, A. W., Esq., Reservoir View, Thornton, Brad-
ford, Yorks. (per AETHELBERT BINNS, Wilsden).
PRIMER, Prof. SYLVESTER, Austin, Texas, U.S.A. (per
Messrs. MACMILLAN & Co., London). [Sp.E.}
PROCTOR, RICHARD, Esq., Oak Mount, Burnley (per W.
COULSTON, Bookseller, Burnley).
PROESCHOLDT, Dr. L., Friedrichsdorf, Taunus, Germany.
PRYOR, F. R., Esq. (per Messrs. MACMILLAN & BOWES).
PUTNAM'S SONS, Messrs. G. P., New York, U.S.A. (20
copies.)
QUARITCH, BERNARD, Bookseller, 15 Piccadilly, London, W.
[l ord. and I Sp.E.}
QUEEN'S COLLEGE LIBRARY, BELFAST (per Prof. A. L.
MEISSNER, Librarian).
RAMSAY, The Hon. Charles M., M.P., 48 Grosvenor Street,
London, S.W. [Sp.E.]
RANDELL, The Rev. THOMAS, D.D., The Rectory, Sunder-
land. (2 copies.)
RATHFARNHAM, ST. COLUMBA'S COLLEGE LIBRARY, Co.
Dublin (per The Rev. P. S. WHELAN, M.A.).
READING FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY (per W. H. GREENHOUGH,
Esq., Librarian).
REICHEL, H. R., Esq., M.A., The Principal, University
College, Bangor, N. Wales.
RENSHAW, WALTER C., Esq., Q.C., 39 Queen's Gardens,
Lancaster Gate, London, W.
REPTON SCHOOL LIBRARY, Repton Hall, Burton-on-Trent
(per The Rev. W. M. FURNEAUX, M.A.).
REYNOLDS, LLYWARCH, Esq., B.A., Old Church Place,
Merthyr Tydvil.
REYNOLD'S LIBRARY, Rochester, New York, U.S.A. (per
G. E. STECHERT).
RHYS, J., Esq., M.A., LL.D., The Principal, Jesus College,
Oxford.
RICHARDS, F., Esq., Kingswood School, Bath.
RICHARDSON, The Ven. JOHN, Archdeacon of Nottingham.
RICHMOND FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY, Richmond, Surrey (per
ALBERT A. BARKAS, Esq., Librarian).
RIDLEY, THOMAS D., Esq., Coatham, Redcar.
RlPON, The Most Hon. the Marquis of, K.G., 9 Chelsea
Embankment, London, S.W.
ROBARTES, The Right Hon. Lord, 29 Park Lane, London, W.
ROBERT, Sir OWEN, F.S.A., D.C.L., Clerk to the Cloth-
workers' Company, Clothworkers' Hall, London, E.G.
ROBERTSON, J. DRUMMOND, Esq., 6 Park Road, Richmond
Hill, Surrey.
ROBY, HENRY J., Esq., LL.D., c/o ERMEN & ROBY, Patri-
croft, Manchester.
ROCHDALE EQUITABLE PIONEERS' SOCIETY, LTD., Toad
Lane, Rochdale (per A. B. SILVERWOOD, Esq., Secretary
Educational Department).
ROCHDALE PUBLIC LIBRARY (per G. HANSON, Esq.,
Librarian).
ROCK, R., Esq., Oak Mount, Burnley (per W. COLSTON,
Bookseller, Burnley).
ROGERS, A. G. L., Esq., M.A., 49 Beaumont Square, Lon-
don, E.
ROGERS, Prof. L. J., M.A., Yorkshire College, Leeds.
ROGERSON, JOHN J., Esq., LL.D., Merchiston Castle, Edin-
burgh.
ROLFE, R. A., Esq., Hurst Lodge, Coombe Road, Croydon.
RONKSLEY, J. G., Esq., 8 Sale Hill, Sheffield.
ROSENTHAL, Dr. F., 3 Sallstrasse, Hanover, Germany.
ROSS, Major-General A. G. (Indian Staff Corps), 16 Hamil-
ton Road, Ealing, London, W.
ROSS, DAVID, Esq., M.A., B.Sc., LL.D., The Principal,
Training College, City Road, Glasgow. [Sp.E.']
ROSS, The Rev. JAMES C., Wadworth Hall, Doncaster.
c
XV111
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS
ROSSALL SCHOOL LIBRARY, FLEETWOOD (per The Rev.
C. C. TANCOCK, M.A., Headmaster).
ROSSITER, WM., Esq., 65 Peckham Road, Camberwell,
London, S.E.
ROTHERHAM, THE FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY (per J. RIDAL,
Esq., Librarian).
ROUNDELL, CHARLES S., Esq., M.P., 16 Curzon Street, May
Fair, London, W.
ROWE, THOMAS W., M.A., PUBLIC LIBRARY, Wellington,
New Zealand (per SAMPSON Low, MARSTON, & Co.).
ROWLEY, JAMES, Esq., Leigh Woods, Clifton, Bristol.
ROWNTREE, JOHN S., Esq., Mount Villas, York.
ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF ENGLAND, 13 Hanover
Square, London, W. (per E. CLARKE, Esq., Secretary).
ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, THE LIBRARY OF THE,
EDINBURGH (per J. M. SHAW, Esq., Librarian).
ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OF ENGLAND, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, London, W.C. (per J. B. BAILEY, Esq., Librarian).
ROYAL HOLLOWAY COLLEGE LIBRARY, Egham, Surrey (per
Miss GUINNESS, Librarian).
ROYAL INSTITUTION, Albemarle Street, London, W. (per
HENRY YOUNG, Esq., Librarian).
RUGBY SCHOOL TEMPLE READING ROOM (per A. J. LAW-
RENCE, Bookseller, Rugby).
RUTHERFORD, The Rev. W. G., M.A., Westminster School
(per JAMES BAIN, Bookseller, Haymarket, London, S.W.).
RYE, WALTER, Esq., Frognal House, Hampstead, London,
N.W.
RYLE, The Right Rev. J. C., D.D., Lord Bishop of Liver-
pool, The Palace, Liverpool.
SADLER, M. E., Esq., M.A., 31 St. Margaret's Road, Oxford.
SAINTSBURY, Prof. GEORGE, M.A., Edinburgh.
SANDERS, The Rev. FRANCIS, M.A., Hoylake Vicarage,
Cheshire.
SANDFORD-BURTON, H., Esq., F.L.S., 50 Cornmarket
Street, Oxford.
SCARTH, LEVESON, Esq., M.A., Elms Lea, Cleveland Walk,
Bath.
SCHICK, Prof. Dr. J., Munich.
SCHROER, Prof. Dr. ARNOLD, Thalstrasse 36, Freiburg, i. B.,
Germany.
SCOTT, JOHN, Esq., Gargrave Road, Skipton, Yorks. [£/.£.]
SCOTT LIBRARY, THE, St. Peter's College, Westminster, S.W.
(per the Rev. G. H. NALL, M.A., Librarian).
SCOTT, WILLIAM, Esq., Oakfield, Bolton Abbey, Yorks.
[Sp.E.}
SELINCOURT, ERNEST DE, Esq., B.A., University College,
Oxford.
SENIOR, The Rev. EDWARD, M.A., The Grammar School,
Sheffield.
SEPHTON, The Rev. J., M.A., 90 Huskisson Street, Liverpool.
SEYMOUR, Prof. T. D., Yale College, Newhaven, Conn.,U.S.A.
SHAKESPEARE MEMORIAL LIBRARY, Stratford-upon-Avon
(per W. SALT BRASSINGTON, Esq., F.S.A., Librarian).
SHAW, JAMES BEGG, Esq., 7 The Beeches, Didsbury, Man-
chester.
SHAW, The Rev. W. FRANK, B.D., F.S.A., St. Andrew's
Vicarage, Huddersfield.
SHEFFIELD LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY (per
D. PARKES, Esq., Leopold Street, Sheffield).
SHEFFIELD PUBLIC LIBRARY, SHEFFIELD (per S. SMITH,
Esq., Chief Librarian).
SHELDON, Prof. EDWARD S., A.B., Harvard University,
Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.
SHELLY, JOHN, Esq., 20 Princess Square, Plymouth.
SHERBORNE SCHOOL LIBRARY, DORSET (per The Rev
F. B. WESTCOTT, M.A.).
SHREWSBURY SCHOOL LIBRARY (per T. E. PICKERING
Esq., M.A.).
SIEVERS, Prof. E., Ph.D., Leipzig.
SINGLETON, The Rev. JAMES S. F., Theale Vicarage,
Weston-super-Mare.
SIGN-COLLEGE, Victoria Embankment, London. E.G. (per
W. N. MlLMAN, Esq., Librarian).
SLATER, JAMES A., Esq., 38 Mecklenburgh Square, London,
W.C.
SLICER, JOHN, Esq., London and Yorkshire Bank, Idle,
near Bradford.
SLINGSBY, JOHN ARTHUR, Esq., Carla Beck, Skipton, Yorks.
SMITH, B. WOODD, Esq., F.S.A., Branch Hill Lodge, Hamp-
stead Heath, London, N.W.
SMITH, EDWIN, Esq., 33 Wheeleys Road, Birmingham.
SMITH, The Rev. R. TRAVELS, D.D., The Vicarage, Clyde
Road, Dublin.
SMITH, The Rev. T. N. HART, M.A., Epsom College.
SNOWDON, J. KEIGHLEY, Esq., M.J.I., 62 Francis Street,
Leeds.
SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES, Burlington House, London, W.
(per W. H. ST. JOHN HOPE, Esq., M.A., Assistant
Secretary).
SOMERVILLE COLLEGE LIBRARY, OXFORD (per Miss M.
POPE, Librarian).
SOTHEBY, Major-General F. E., Ecton, Northampton.
SOUTHESK, The Right Hon. Earl, K.T., Kinnaird Castle,
Brechin, N.B.
SPEIGHT, ERNEST E., Esq., B.A., Beechcroft Road, Summer-
town, Oxford.
SPEIGHT, GEORGE, Esq., Belmont, Park View Road, Bradford,
Yorks.
SPENCER, Prof. F., M.A., Ph.D., University College, Bangor.
STAMP, ALFRED E., Esq., Public Record Office, Chancery
Lane, London, W.C.
ST. ANDREWS UNIVERSITY LIBRARY (per J. M. ANDERSON,
Esq., Librarian).
STANTON, The Rev. Prof., D.D., Trinity College, Cambridge.
STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN, THE, Madison,
Wis., U.S.A. (per HENRY SOTHERAN & Co., 140 Strand,
London, W.C.).
STEAD, RICHARD, Esq., B.A., The Grammar School, Folke-
stone.
STEPHENS, The Very Rev. W. R. W., D.D., The Deanery,
Winchester.
STEVENS, B. F., Bookseller, 4 Trafalgar Square, London,
W.C. [l ord. copy, I Sp.E.~\
STEVENSON, W. E., Esq., Grosvenor House, Bath.
STEVENSON, W. H., Esq., M.A., Exeter College, Oxford.
[Sp.E.]
STEWART, Prof. Sir T. GRAINGER, M.D., 19 Charlotte
Square, Edinburgh.
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE LIBRARY, OXFORD (per B. H. BLACK-
WELL, Bookseller, Oxford).
STOCK, ELLIOT, Bookseller, 62 Paternoster Row, London,
E.G. (per HENRY FROWDE). [Sp.E.]
STOKES, WHITLEY, Esq., D.C.L., LL.D., 15 Grenville Place,
London, S.W.
STRANGE, HAMON LE, Esq., Hunstanton Hall, Norfolk.
STRASSBURG, i. E., ENGLISH SEMINARY (per TRUBNER'S
BUCHHANDLUNG, Strassburg).
STRIDE, Mrs. ARTHUR I., Bush Hall, Hatfield, Herts.
STRUTHERS, J., Esq., H.M.I.S., Corstorphine, Midlothian,
N.B.
STUART, H. A., Esq., Mostyn House, Brooklands Avenue,
Cambridge.
SUTTON, CH. W., Esq., Free Reference Library, Manchester.
SWAEN, A. E. H., Esq., Wierdensche Str. 32A, Almeloo,
Holland.
SWAN, ROBERT, Esq., 2 Belsize Terrace, Hampstead,
London, N.W.
SWANN, J. N., Esq., M.A., The College, Malvern.
SWANSEA PUBLIC LIBRARY (per S. E. THOMPSON, Esq.,
Librarian).
TAMM, Prof. FREDRIK AUGUST, Upsala.
TAMSON, Dr. J. G., Gottingen (per Messrs. SAMPSON
Low, MARSTON & Co.).
TAYLOR, The Rev. R. F., Gomersal Vicarage, Leeds (per
JOHN SIDDALL, Bookseller, Cleckheaton).
TAYLOR, The Rev. R. V., B.A., Melbecks Vicarage, near
Richmond, Yorks.
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS
XIX
TAYLORIAN INSTITUTION, OXFORD.
TEMPLE, The Right Hon. and Right Rev. F., D.D., Lord
Bishop of London, Fulham Palace, London, S.W.
TENISON, C. M., Esq., Hobart, Tasmania (per HENRY
FROWDE).
TERRY, Messrs. C., & Co., 80 Coleman Street, London Wall,
London, E.G.
TERRY, F. C. BIRKBECK, Esq.. M.A., The Paddocks, Pal-
grave, Diss, Norfolk.
THOM, GEORGE, Esq., LL.D., Head Master, Dollar Insti-
tution, Dollar, N.B.
THOMAS, A. GARROD, Esq., M.D., Clytha Park, Newport,
Mon.
THOMPSON, Sir E. MAUNDE, C.B., LL.D., British Museum,
London, W.C.
THOMPSON, The Rev. GEORGE, M.A., Le Chalet, Great
Malvern.
TIMMINS, SAM., Esq., Arley, Coventry.
TINKLER, The Rev. JOHN, M.A., Caunton Vicarage, Newark,
Notts.
TOLLER, Prof. T. N., M.A., 13 Mauldeth Road, Fallowfield,
Manchester.
TOMBS, JAMES S. O., Esq., M.A., The Grammar School,
Haverfordwest.
TOPEKA STATE LIBRARY, KANSAS, U.S.A. (per J. L. KING,
Esq., Librarian).
TORONTO UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, CANADA (per E. G.
ALLEN).
TORQUAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, TORQUAY (per
ALEX. SOMERVAIL, Esq., Hon. Sec.).
TOULMIN, Messrs. GEORGE, & SONS, The Guardian and
Lancashire Daily Post, Preston.
TOYNBEE, PAGET, Esq., M.A., Dorney Wood, Burnham,
Bucks.
TRAFFORD, J. L., Esq., Northwich, Cheshire.
TRAUTMANN, Prof. M., Ph.D., Bonn, Germany.
TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN (per The Rev. T. K. ABBOTT,
B.D., Librarian).
TRINITY COLLEGE LIBRARY, CAMBRIDGE (per Dr. W. ALOIS
WRIGHT).
TRINITY COLLEGE LIBRARY, GLENALMOND, PERTH (per
W. J. LOCKE, Esq., B.A., Librarian).
TRINITY COLLEGE LIBRARY, OXFORD (per Messrs. JAMES
PARKER & Co.).
TUBES, Prof. H. A., M.A., University College, Auckland,
New Zealand (per Messrs. J. CORNISH & SONS, 297 High
Holborn, London).
TUBINGEN, DEUTSCHES SEMINAR (per Prof. HERMANN
FISCHER).
TURTON, ROBERT B., Esq., 24 Old Square, Lincoln's Inn,
London, W.C.
TWEEDIE, W. M., Esq., Mt. Allison College, Sackville, New
Brunswick, Canada (per H. L. LEWIS, Bookseller,
136 Gower Street, London, W.C.).
TWEEDY, JOHN, Esq., F.R.C.S., 100 Harley Street, London, W.
[Sp.E.]
TWIETMEYER, A., Auslandische Buchhandlung, Leipzig.
(3 copies.)
TWISDEN, JOHN F., Esq., Bradbourne, Larkfield, Maidstone.
TYLOR, Prof. E. B., D.C.L., The Museum, Oxford.
UNGER, Prof. Dr. C. R., Christiania, Norway.
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LIBRARY, Gower Street, London,
W.C. (per A. WHEELER, Esq., Librarian).
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF N. WALES, BANGOR (per Prof.
W. LEWIS JONES, M.A., Librarian).
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI, Columbia, Miss.,
U.S.A.
UNWIN, S. PHILIP, Esq., Shipley, Yorks.
UNWIN, T. FISHER, Esq., Paternoster Square, London, E.G.
UPPINGHAM SCHOOL LIBRARY, UPPINGHAM (per The Rev.
E. C. SELWYN, M.A.).
UPSALA, GERMANSKA SEMINARIST (per Prof. AXEL ERD-
MANN).
VANDEKHILT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY (per Messrs H.GREVEL
& Co., 33 King Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.).
VARNHAGEN, Prof. Dr. H., Erlangen.
VASSAR COLLEGE LIBRARY, Poughkeepsie, New York,
U.S.A. (per B. F. STEVENS).
VAUGHAN LIBRARY, HARROW-ON-THE-HILL (per B. P.
LASCELLES, Esq., M.A., Librarian).
VAUGHAN, WILLIAM W., Esq., School House, Clifton
College (per HENRY FROWDE).
VERNER, W. H., Esq., Cumberlands, Kenley, Surrey.
VIENNA, THE ENGLISH SEMINARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF
(per Prof. J. SCHIPPER, Ph.D., LL.D.).
VINT, W. HORSFALL, Esq., Friar Head, Idle, near Bradford,
Yorks.
WADHAM COLLEGE LIBRARY, OXFORD (per H. RICHARDS,
Esq., M.A., Librarian).
WAILES, G. H., Esq., Rounton, Watford (per BERNARD
QUARITCH).
WAKEFIELD MECHANICS' INSTITUTION (per H. BEN-
NINGTON, Esq., Librarian).
WALKER, Miss ALICE, Brettargh Holt, Kendal.
WALKER, ARTHUR J., Esq., Bayard's Lodge, Knares-
borough, Yorks. (per JOHN H. KNOWLES, Bookseller,
15 Rush Hill Road, Lavender Hill, London, S.W.
[Sp.E.}
WALKER, Prof. HUGH, M.A., St. David's College, Lampeter.
WALKER, JOHN R., Esq., 182 Brook Hill, Sheffield.
WALKER, Prof. T., M.A., LL.D., Victoria College, Stellen-
bosch, Cape Colony (per HENRY FROWDE).
WARBURTON, S., Esq., 10 Wilton Polygon, Cheetham Hill,
Manchester.
WARD, J. LANGFIELD, Esq., M.A., The Grammar School,
Burnley.
WARD, THOMAS, Esq., Wadebrook House, Northwich.
WARD, THOMAS, Esq., Belmont Terrace, North Road,
Ravensthorpe, Dewsbury.
WARREN, E. P., Esq. (per Messrs. JAMES PARKER & Co.).
WARREN, T. H., Esq., M. A., The President, Magdalen College,
Oxford.
WARRINGTON, THE MUSEUM (per CH. MADELEY, Esq.,
Librarian).
WATKINSON LIBRARY, Hartford, Conn., U.S.A. (per E. G.
ALLEN).
WATSON, W. L., Esq., Ayton House, Abernethy, Perthshire.
WATT, The Rev. J. B. A., Manse of Gadder, Bishop Briggs,
N.B.
WELBY, EDWARD M. E., Esq., Norton House, Norton,
Sheffield.
WELFORD, RICH., Esq., Thornfield, Gosforth, Newcastle-
on-Tyne.
WELLINGTON PUBLIC LIBRARY, NEW ZEALAND (per Messrs.
SAMPSON Low, MARSTON & Co.).
WELTER, H., Bookseller, 59 rue Bonaparte, Paris (per
HENRY FROWDE).
WENTWORTH, Prof. E. E., Vassar College, Poughkeepsie,
New York, U.S.A. (per B. F. STEVENS).
WEST, Lieut.-Col. WILLIAM E. SACKVILLE, Lime Grove,
Bangor, N. Wales.
WEST BROMWICH FREE LIBRARY (per D. DICKINSON, Esq.,
Librarian).
WESTLAKE, Prof. J., Q.C., LL.D., 3 Chelsea Embankment,
London, S.W.
WESTMINSTER PUBLIC LIBRARY (per E. T. Cox, Bookseller,
170 Railway Approach, Shepherd's Bush, London, W.).
WHEELER, Prof. BENJ. IDE, Ph.D., Cornell University,
Ithaca, N.Y.
WHITEHEAD, WALTER, Esq., Market Street, Manchester.
WHITLEY, ALFRED W., Esq., Greenroyd, Halifax, Yorks.
WIGAN, Sir FREDERICK, Clare Lawn, Upper Sheen, London,
S.W. [Sp.E.']
WIGAN PUBLIC LIBRARY (per R. PLATT, Bookseller, Wigan).
WIGAN, The Rev. SEPTIMUS, East Mailing Vicarage,
Maidstone (per HENRY FROWDE).
C 2
XX
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS
WILBEE, J. C., Esq., High Street, Harrow-on-the-Hill.
[Sp.E.]
WILCOCKS, H. S., Esq., 32 Wyndham Square, Plymouth.
WILKIE, JAMES, Esq., 108 George Street, Edinburgh.
WILKINSON, ISAAC, Esq., Lingdale, Skelton, R.S.O., Yorks.
WILKINSON, Miss ISABEL E., 2 Parkside, Cambridge.
WILLES, The Rev. GEORGE, M.A., Ellel Vicarage, Lancaster.
WILLIAMS, The Rev. GEORGE, Thornhill, Stirling, N.B.
WILLIAMS, Sir JOHN, Bart., M.D., 63 Brook Street,
London, W.
WILLIAMS & NORGATE, Messrs., Booksellers, 14 Henrietta
Street, Covent Garden, London. (5 copies.)
WILLIAMS, Prof. W. H., The University, Hobart, Tasmania
(per HENRY FROWDE).
WILLIAMSON, J. H., Esq., 41 Brunswick Street, C. on M.,
Manchester (per HENRY SOTHERAN & Co.). [Sp.E.]
WILLIS, WILLIAM, Esq., Q.C., King's Bench Walk, Temple,
London, W.C. (per HENRY FROWDE).
WILLMOTT, S. A.,Esq., 3 Mexfield Road, Putney, London, S.W.
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[Sp.E.]
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PRONUNCIATION
AFTER making many experiments, it has been found advisable to devise a plain and simple phonetic alphabet
to represent the approximate pronunciation. An elaborate transcription is useless to people who have not
had a practical training in phonetics. And it can all the more easily be dispensed with in giving the pro-
nunciation of the dialect words in the body of the Dictionary, because the phonological introduction which
I hope to write when the Dictionary is finished, will contain the exact pronunciation of all the common words
in everyday use. It is impossible to attempt this part of the work alongside of the Dictionary, as it will require
some years of patient toil to collect reliable material and to digest it. In the meantime I must ask philologists
to be contented with the brief resume given at the beginning of each letter of the alphabet for the vowels, see
e.g. pp. i, 2. On comparing the results given there with those arrived at by Karl Luick in his excellent book
Untersuchungen aur englischen Laulgeschichte, it will be found that we differ in a few minor points. After a
careful perusal of his book, I now think it would have been better to have used the word usual instead of
normal on p. i of the Dictionary.
I. CONSONANTS
The only consonants which require to be specially mentioned are :
tj like the ch in cheap.
p „ „ th „ thin.
$ „ „ th „ then.
q „ „ n „ think.
Note : (r) is only sounded when the next word in the same sentence begins with a vowel.
dg like the j in just.
g „ „ s „ pleasure.
X „ „ ch „ Germ. Nacht, ich.
J „ „ sh „ ship.
II. VOWELS
SIMPLE VOWELS.
a like the a in Germ. Mann.
ae „ „ a „ Southern Engl. bat.
B „ „ U „ lip.
e „ „ e „ wen.
i „ „ i „ bit.
0 „ „ o „ mob.
u „ „ u „ full.
9 „ „ e „ Germ. Gabe.
a „ „ a „ father.
e „ „ e „ Germ. Reh.
1 „ „ ee „ feet.
5 „ „ o „ Germ. Bole.
9 „ „ aw „ law.
u „ „ oo „ food.
9 „ „ i „ bird.
oe „ „ 6 „ Germ, mogen.
u „ „ u „ Germ. Gute.
Note: (i) No attempt is made to distinguish between close and open e. (2) The first element of oa is
a very close sound closely approaching u. (3) The stress is always on the first element of diphthongs, unless
the contrary is indicated in the Dictionary. (4) Vocalic m, n are written am, an. (5) A point after a vowel
(no'bad) indicates that the vowel bears the chief stress in the word.
ai like
the i in
DIPHTHONGS.
five.
au ..
„ ou „
mouse.
ei •.
„ <* „
late.
eu „
„ ou „
the s. dial, pronun. of mouse.
ea ,.
?» " >5
care.
in „
„ ew „
few.
is „
„ ea „
fear.
oi „
„ oy „
boy.
ou „
„ ow „
low (with the first
element more open).
oa „
)) O ,,
bone (dial, pronun
. ofw.Yks.).
93 „
„ a „
all (n. dialects).
ui ,,
„ oo „
food (n. dialects).
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY
adj. — adjective.
adv. = adverb.
impers.
impf.
= impersonal.
=a imperfect.
pf. — perfect.
phr. = phrase.
advb. = adverbial, -ly.
old.
= Indicative.
pl.,/>/. = plural.
AFr. = Anglo-French.
Amer. — American.
indef.
inf.
= indefinite.
= Infinitive.
pop. i= popular, -ly.
pp. = past participle.
app. = apparently.
arch. = archaic.
int.
intr.
= interjection.
= intransitive.
ppl. adj. = participial adjective,
pred. = predicative, -ly.
assoc. = association.
Ir.
= Irish.
pref. — prefix.
attrib. — attributive, -ly.
It.
= Italian.
prep. = preposition.
c. = circa, about.
Lang.
= language.
pres. = present.
Cf. = confer, compare.
Lat.
= Latin.
pret. = preterite.
cogn. w. = cognate with.
LG.
= Low German.
Prim. sign. = Primary signification.
colloq. - colloquial.
lit.
= literary.
priv. <= privative.
Comb. — Combinations.
lit.
= literal, -ly.
prob. = probably.
comp. = compound, composition.
MDu.
= Middle Dutch.
pron. = pronoun.
compar. = comparative.
ME.
= Middle English.
pron. = pronunciation, pronounced.
conj. = conjunction.
rug.
= meaning.
prov. = proverb.
const. « construction.
MHG.
= Middle High German.
prp. — present participle.
contam. = contamination.
midl.
= midland (dialect).
q.v. — quod vide, which see.
contr. = contracted, contraction.
M.Lat.
= mediaeval Latin.
reg. = regular.
Dan. = Danish.
MLG.
= Middle Low German.
re __ I representative, representing,
dem. = demonstrative.
mod.
= modern.
= j represents.
der. = derivative, -ation.
naut.
= nautical.
Rom. = Romanic, Romance.
dial., dial. •= dialect, -al.
NFr.
— Northern French.
sb. = substantive.
Diet. = Dictionary.
NHG.
_ ( New High German,
Sc. = Scotch.
dim. = diminutive.
( modern German.
sing. = singular.
Du. = Dutch.
north.
= northern (dialect).
sp. — spelling.
Dy. = Daily.
Norw.
= Norwegian.
spec. = special.
E. = English.
obj.
= object.
subst. = substantively.
e.midl. = east midland (dialect).
Obs.
= obsolete.
suff. = suffix.
equiv. = equivalent.
obsol.
= obsolescent.
superl. •= superlative.
erron. = erroneous, -ly.
occas.
= occasional, -ly.
Sw. = Swedish.
esp. = especially.
ODan.
= Old Danish.
s.w. = south-western (dialect).
etym. = etymology.
ODu.
= Old Dutch.
trans. = transitive.
fig. •= figurative, -ly.
OE.
= Old English ( = Anglo-Saxon).
transf. = transferred sense.
Flem. = Flemish.
OFlem.
= Old Flemish.
unkn. = unknown.
Fr. = French.
OFr.
= Old French.
v., vb. = verb.
freq. = frequently.
OFris.
— Old Frisian.
var. = variant of.
frequent. = frequentative.
OHG.
= Old High German.
var. dial. = various dialects.
Fris. = Frisian.
Olr.
= Old Irish.
vbl. sb. = verbal substantive.
G. = German.
Gael. = Gaelic.
ON.
ONFr.
= Old Norse (Old Icelandic).
= Old Northern French.
v. r. = various readings.
v. sir. = verb strong.
gen. — genitive.
ONorth.
= Old Northumbrian.
v. w. irr. — verb weak irregular.
gen. — general, -ly.
orig.
= original, -ly.
wd. — word.
gen. sign. = general signification.
OS.
= Old Saxon.
Wei. = Welsh.
Gl. = Glossary.
OSw.
= Old Swedish.
WGer. = West Germanic.
gloss. = glossaries.
Goth. = Gothic ( = Mceso-Gothic).
imp. — Imperative.
OWS.
pass,
pers.
= Old West Saxon.
= passive, -ly.
- person, -al
Wkly. = Weekly,
w.midl. = west midland ^dialect).
WS. = West Saxon.
Abd. = Aberdeen.
Agl. = Anglesea.
Con.
Cor.
= Connaught
= Cornwall.
e.Yks. ^ East Riding of Yorkshire.
Fif. = Fife.
Ags. = Angus.
Crk.
= Cork.
Fit. = Flint.
Ant. = Antrim.
Crl.
= Carlow.
Frf. = Forfar.
Arg. = Argyll.
Arm. - Armagh.
Aus. = Australia.
Bch. = Buchan.
Bck. « Bucks.
Bdf. _ Bedford.
Bnff. = Banff.
Brk. = Brecknock.
Brks. = Berks.
Bte. = Bute
Crm.
Crn.
Cth.
Cum.
Der.
Dev.
Dmb.
Dmf.
Dnb.
= Cromarty.
= Carnarvon.
= Carmarthen.
= Cumberland.
= Derby.
= Devon.
= Dumbarton.
= Dumfries.
- Denbigh.
Frm. = Fermanagh.
Gall. — Galloway.
Glo. = Gloucester.
Glw. = Galway.
Gmg. = Glamorgan.
Hdg. = Haddington.
Hmp. = Hampshire.
Hnt. = Huntingdon.
Hrf. = Hereford.
Bwk. = Berwick.
Don.
= Donegal.
Hit. = Hertford.
Dor.
= Dorset.
I. Ma. = Isle of Man.
Cav. = Cavan
Dub.
= Dublin.
Inv. = Inverness.
Cdg. ^ Cardigan.
Chs. = Cheshire.
Cla. = Clare.
Clc. = Clackmannan.
Dur.
Own.
e.An.
Edb.
Plrt.
= Durham.
= Down.
« East Anglia.
— Edinburgh.
Ir. , Irel. = Ireland.
I.W. = Isle of Wight.
Kcb. = Kircudbright.
Kcd = Kincardine.
Cld. = Clydesdale.
Cmb. - Cambridge.
Elg.
Eng.
Ess.
- Elgin.
- England.
- Essex.
Kco. = King's County.
Ken. =. Kent.
Ker. = Kerry.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
xxin
Kid.
= Kildare.
Nfld.
- Newfoundland.
Slk.
= Selkirk.
Klk.
-- Kilkenny.
Nhb.
— Northumberland.
Slo.
= Sligo.
Knr.
- Kinross.
Nhp.
= Northampton.
Som.
= Somerset.
Lan.
= Lancashire.
Not.
= Nottingham.
Stf.
- Stafford.
Ldd.
— Londonderry
Nrf.
= Norfolk.
Sth.
= Sutherland.
Lei.
= Leicester.
N.S.W.
= New South Wales.
Suf.
= Suffolk.
Urn.
= Limerick.
n.Wal.
- North Wales.
Sur.
= Surrey.
Lin.
= Lincoln.
n.Yks.
= North Riding of Yorkshire.
Sus.
= Sussex.
I.ng.
= Longford.
N.Z.
= New Zealand.
s.Wal.
= South Wales.
Lnk.
= Lanark.
Or. I.
= Orkney Isles.
Tip.
= Tipperary.
Lnl.
= Linlithgow.
Oxf.
- Oxford.
Tyr.
= Tyrone.
Lns.
= Leinster.
Feb.
- Peebles.
Uls.
= Ulster.
Lon.
= London.
Pern.
= Pembroke.
U.S.A.
= United States.
Lou.
= Louth.
Per.
= Perth.
Wai.
= Wales.
Lth.
= Lothian.
Qco.
= Queen's County.
War
= Warwick.
Ltr.
= Leitrim.
Rdn.
= Radnor.
Wgt.
= Wigtown.
Mea.
= Meath.
Rnf.
=• Renfrew.
Wil.
= Wiltshire.
Mer.
= Merioneth.
Rs.
= Ross.
Wkl.
= Wicklow.
Mid.
= Middlesex.
Rsc.
= Roscommon.
Wm.
= Westmoreland.
Mng.
— Monaghan.
Rut.
= Rutland.
Wmh.
= West Meath.
Mon.
= Monmouth.
Rxb.
= Roxburgh.
Wor.
- Worcester.
Mry.
= Moray.
Sc
— Scotland.
Wtf.
= Waterford.
Mtg.
= Montgomery.
Sc. I.
= Scilly Isles.
Wxf.
= Wexford.
Mun.
= Munster.
Sh. I.
- Shetland Isles.
w.Yks.
= West Riding of Yorkshire.
Myo.
= Mayo.
Shr.
= Shropshire.
Yks.
= Yorks.
Nai.
= Nairn.
Slg.
= Stirling.
LIST OF COUNTIES, ETC., IN THE ORDER QUOTED
SCOTLAND.
Shetland .
Orkney .
Caithness
Sutherland
Cromarty
Ross
Inverness
Moray
Nairn
Elgin
Banff
Buchan .
Aberdeen
Kincardine
Forfar
Perth .
West Scotland.
Argyll .
Bute
Fife .
Kinross .
Clackmannan .
Stirling .
South Scotland
Clydesdale
Dumbarton
Renfrew .
Ayr .
Lanark .
Linlithgow
Lothian .
Edinburgh
Tweeddale
Haddington
Berwick .
Peebles .
Selkirk .
Roxburgh
Dumfries .
Galloway
Kirkcudbright .
Wigtown
Sh.I.
Or.I.
Cai.
Sth.
Crm.
Rs.
Inv.
Mry.
Nai.
Elg.
Bnff.
Bch.
Abd.
Kcd.
Frf.
Per.
w.Sc.
Arg.
Bte.
Fif.
Knr.
Clc.
Slg.
s.Sc.
Cld.
Dmb.
Rnf.
Ayr.
Lnk.
Lnl.
Lth.
Edb.
Twd.
Hdg.
Bwk.
Peb.
Slk.
Rxb.
Dmf.
Gall.
Kcb.
Wgt.
IRELAND.
North Ireland . n.Ir.
Ulster . . Uls.
Antrim . . Ant.
Down
Dwn.
Londonderry .
Ldd.
Tyrone .
Tyr.
Donegal .
Don.
Fermanagh
Frm.
Cavan
Cav.
Monaghan
Mon.
Armagh .
Arm.
West Ireland .
w.Ir.
Connaught
Con.
Leitrim .
Ltr.
Sligo
Slo.
Mayo
Myo.
Galway .
Glw.
Roscommon .
Rsc.
East Ireland
e.Ir.
Leinster .
Lns.
Longford
Lng.
West Meath .
Wmh.
Meath
Mea.
Louth
Lou.
Dublin .
Dub.
Wicklow.
Wkl.
Kildare .
Kid.
King's County
Kco.
Queen's County
Qco.
South Ireland .
s.Ir.
Kilkenny.
Klk.
Carlow .
Crl.
Wexford .
Wxf.
Munster .
Mun.
Waterford
Wtf.
Tipperary
Tip.
Clare
Cla.
Limerick
Lim.
Cork
Crk.
Kerry
Ker.
ENGLAND AND WALES.
Northumberland
Nhb.
Durham .
Dur.
Cumberland .
Cum.
Westmoreland
Wm.
Yorkshire
Yks.
Lancashire
Lan.
Isle of Man
I. Ma.
Cheshire
Chs.
Wales .
Wai.
North Wales .
n.Wal.
Flintshire . . Fit.
Denbighshire . . Dnb.
Carnarvonshire . Crn.
Anglesea . . . Agl.
Merionethshire . Mer.
Staffordshire . . Stf.
Derbyshire . . Der.
Nottinghamshire . Not.
Lincolnshire . . Lin.
Rutlandshire . . Rut.
Leicestershire . . Lei.
Northamptonshire . Nhp.
Warwickshire . . War.
Worcestershire . Wor.
Shropshire . . Shr.
Montgomeryshire . Mtg.
Herefordshire . . Hrf.
South Wales . . s.Wal.
Cardiganshire . . Cdg.
Radnorshire . . Rdn.
Brecknockshire . Brk.
Glamorganshire . Gmg.
Carmarthenshire . Cth.
Pembrokeshire . Pern.
Gloucestershire . GIo.
Oxfordshire . . Oxf.
Berkshire . . Brks.
Buckinghamshire . Bck.
Bedfordshire . . Bdf.
Hertfordshire . . Hrt
Middlesex . . Mid.
London . . . Lon.
Huntingdonshire . Hnt.
East Anglia . . e.An.
Cambridgeshire . Cmb.
Norfolk . . . Nrf.
Suffolk . . . Suf.
Essex . . . Ess.
Kent . . . Ken.
Surrey . . . Sur.
Sussex . . . Sus.
Hampshire . . Hmp.
Isle of Wight . . I.W.
Wiltshire. . . Wil.
Dorsetshire . . Dor.
Somersetshire. . Som.
Devonshire . . Dev.
Cornwall . . . Cor.
Scilly Isles . . Sc.I.
LIST OF WORDS FOR THE PRESENT KEPT BACK
FROM THE WANT OF FURTHER INFORMATION
ABLACH, sb. An insignificant person (Abd.).
ACCIDENCE, sb. A slip [of memory] (Ayr).
ACHE, v. To walk hurriedly (w.Yks.).
ACTION, sb. The game also called Baccare, q.v.
(War.)
ADDER-STINGER, sb. A large dragon-fly (Hmp.).
AESOME, adj. Single (Sc.).
AFLOCHT,/^/. adj. Agitated, in a flutter (JAM.).
AFLOITS, adv. In confusion (Yks.).
AFORE THE STEM.^/zr. A large sleeping bunk in a
ship (Sc.).
AGOY, int. A form of oath (Lan.).
AIRIE, sb. A hill-pasture; a level green among the
hills (Sc.).
ALLOW, v. To order (n.Irel.).
ALMANAC, sb. A diary (Yks.).
ALMARK, sb. An animal addicted to breaking fences
or trespassing (Sh.I.).
ALWAYS, adv. Still, at the present moment (Sc.).
AMAUNGE, sb. A muddle, confusion (Lan.).
AMBUSH, v. To hide (Yks.).
AMEND, v. In phr. amend me, a mild oath (Oxf. or
Slang).
AMIND, v. To consider, bear in mind (Irel.).
AMOVET,//. Moved, roused (Sc.).
ANCHOVY-DUCK, sb. ? (Sc.)
ANGLE, sb. A large hook fixed into the ceiling (Lan.).
ANGLER, sb. The fish Lophinus piscatorius (dial,
unknown).
ANKER, sb. The angular end of a scythe-blade, bv
which it is attached to the pole (Wm.).
APPLE-CHAMBER, sb. A spare bedroom (Suf.).
APPLE-TWELIN, sb. An apple-turnover, q.v. (e.An.)
ARCELL, sb. A kind of lichen, Omphalodes (Cum.).
ARGUE, v. To talk to oneself, to muse (Yks.).
ARICH sb. The morning (s.Wxf.).
ARMED BULL-HEAD, phr. The fish Aspidophorus
europaeus (dial, unknown).
ARMED GURNARD, phr. The fish Peristedion malar-
mat (dial, unknown).
ARN-LOIN, sb. Straightened circumstances (Lan )
ARTDLLERY, sb. Baggage (Yks.).
ARUM, adv. Within (s.Wxf.).
ASHEAPLY, adj. Senseless, stupid (Not).
ASSART, sb. Land cleared of trees (Hrf.).
ASS-KIT, sb. A portable tub for removing ashes
(Wm.).
ASTID, conj. As well as (Sc.).
ASTRID, adv. Inclined (Suf.).
AUDISCIENCE, sb. Hearing, attention (Abd.).
AUMA, sb. A kind of pancake (Hrf.).
AWID [sic], adv. Anxious, eager (Sc.).
A-WTTTTNS, in phr. meawittins, without my knowledge
(Sc.).
AYVISH, adj. Babyish, foolish (Wil.).
BAAKER [sic], sb. A wood-louse (Som.).
BABBLE, adj. Half-witted (Sc.).
BACHILLE, sb. A small piece of arable ground (Sc.).
BADDERLOCKS, sb. The Hart's tongue fern (Sc.).
BADGER, sb. A heavy fall in sliding (Not.).
BADGER-SNAIL, sb. A large snail (Not.).
BADLINS, adv. Out of health, unwell (Sc. Nhb.).
BADOCK, sb. The Arctic Gull, Lams parasilicus ; also
the common Skua, Stercorarius catarrhactes (dial,
unknown).
BAFFLE, sb. A portfolio (Sc.).
BAL, sb. A quarry (Cor.).
BALEEN, sb. Whalebone (Sc.).
BALL AND CAT, phr. A game played by children.
Obs.1 (Lon.)
BALLANT-BODICE, sb. A lady's bodice made of
leather (Sc.).
BALLER, sb. An implement for breaking clods of
earth (n.Dev.).
BALLION, sb. A reaper who assists those who are
falling behind in the work (Sc.).
BALLOON, sb. A cylinder for drying warps (w.Yks.).
BALLY-ACK, sb. In phr. to knock a man to bally-ack,
to give a sound beating, to get the better of a fight
(Cor.).
Also the following word, which was accidentally
omitted, and will be dealt with in the Supplement.
A-BONES, in phr. to fall a-bones of a person, to assail,
'fall upon '(s-Chs.1).
THE
ENGLISH DIALECT DICTIONARY
A I. Apart from the influence of neighbouring sounds,
. the normal development of OE. ae in closed syllables
is as follows : —
1. a in Sc., all the northern and midland counties to
n.Hrf., Won, n.Glo., n.Brks., Oxf., se.Hrt., s.Cmb., nw.Nrf.,
n.Suf.
2. The sound ae has remained in all the other counties
except the parts of counties named under 1, and the parts
of the country named under 3, 4.
3. It has become a1, a sound closely approaching ae, in
e.Suf., ne.Nrf. and parts of Hrf., Ess.
4. It has become e in Mid., se.Bck., s.Hrt, and sw.Ess.
II. The normal development of OE. ae and a in open
syllables is : —
1. Long close e in Bnff., Frf., Lothian and Fif., se.Arg.,
s.Bte., n.Ayr., e. and s.Dmb., Lnk., Rnf., m.Nhb. (Whitting-
ham), s.Yks., Lan. (see 4, 5, 7), ne.Chs., Stf. (see 3, 4, 8),
Der. (see 2), Not., Lei., ne. and sw.Nhp., e.War., s.Wor.,
n., me. and se.Shr., nw.Brks., nw.Hrt., s.Cmb., nw.Nrf.,
e.Suf. (Orford), w.Cor.
2. Long open £ in Nai., Mry., Abd., Kcd., Per., s.Ayr.,
w.Dmf., Kcb., Wgt., Dur. (Berwick-upon-Tweed, Lanches-
ter), se.Yks., w.Yks. (Huddersfield, Halifax), nw.Der.,
Rut., m.Nhp., Hrf. (Ledbury), Brks. (Hampstead Norris),
m.Cmb., ne. and s.Nrf., n. and w.Suf., e.Suf. (Framlingham),
Hmp.(Andover), e.Dor., s.Som.(Montacute), n.Dev. (North
Molton), s.Dev.
3. Long T in nw.Fif., Chs. except ne., Stf. (Stretton,
Burton-under-Wood), Shr. (Market Drayton).
4. e3 in e.Dur., m.Nhb. (Rothbury, Embleton), w.Yks.
(Dewsbury, Leeds, Bradford, Keighley, Skipton, Craven,
Upper Craven with Upper Nidderdale), e.Yks. (S. Ainsty,
Holderness), n.Lan. (Furness and Cartmel), s.Stf. (Dar-
laston, Willenhall), Lin., sw.Nhp. (Badby), m.Nhp. (see
2), War. (see 1), n.w. and e.Wor., n.Hrf., s.Shr., se.Brks.,
Bck., m.Bdf., Hrt. (Arderley), e.Suf., nw. and e.Ken.,
ne. and s.Sur., w. and e.Sus., n. and sw.Dev., w.Som.,
e.Cor.
5. ia in Rxb., Slk., e. and m.Dmf., s. and sw.Nhb., n.Cum.,
Dur. ( Weardale, Teesdale, Stanhope), n. and e.Yks., n.Lan.
(Coniston), Hrf. (Much Cowarne, Eggleton), Glo. (Vale of
Gloucester, Shenington), Oxf. (Banbury), se.Hrt., n.Ken.
(Faversham), e.Sus. (Selmeston), I.W., Wil, e.Dor. (Cran-
borne, Winterborne Came), e.Som.
6. ie in m.Nhb. (Snitter, Harbottle, Warkworth). Dur.
(Annfield Plain), Wm. (Crosby Ravensworth, Temple
Sowerby). In se.Nhb. (Stamfordham, Newcastle, North
VOL. i.
Shields), Dur. (South Shields), Cum. (Carlisle), the diph-
thong seems to be j6 rather than ie.
7. la in Dur. (Sunderland), Wm. (see 6), Cum. (see 5),
n.Yks. (Muker, Hawes), w.Yks. (Howgill, Dent), n.Lan.
(Lower Holker-in-Cartmel).
8. ei in s.Stf. (Walsall, Wednesbury), m.Nhp. (Lower
Benefield), e.Shr. (Shiffnal), Bck. (Buckingham, Chack-
more, see 4), Bdf. (Ridgmont), Hrt. (Hatfield, Harpen-
den), Hnt. (Great Stuckley).
0. eei in Mid., Ess., and parts of Hrt., se.Bck.
III. The normal development of OE. a is :—
1. Long close e in Abd., BnfF., Mry., Nai., w.Dmf., Frf.,
Kcb., Wgt., se.Arg., s.Bte., Ayr,e. and s.Dmb., Lnk., Rnf.,
Lothian and Fif.
2. Long open f in Per., Frf. (Dundee), Kcd., Cai. (Wick).
3. Long close 6 in m.Nhb. (Warkworth, Alnwick, Whit-
tingham), se.Nhb. (Stamfordham), Dur. (Sunderland),
se.Lan. (Oldham, Rochdale), w. and m.Chs., nw.Der., Stf.
(see 5.), Not., Lei., Rut., Shr., n. and e.Hrf., w.Oxf., m. and
s.Cmb., nw. and ne.Nrf., n. and w.Suf., n.Dev. (Iddesleigh),
s.Dev., w.Cor., e.Cor. (St. Columb Major).
4. Long open 5 in m.Nhb. (Rothbury, Snitter, Wooler),
se.Nhb. (North Shields), sw.Nhb. (Hexham), Dur. (Lan-
chester), se.Yks. (Sutton), ne. and m.Nhp., s.Nrf.
5. Long u in s.Chs. (Farndon), wm. and e.Stf., Der. (see
3.), e.Suf.
6. es in m.Yks., e.Yks. (Holderness), w.Yks. (Washburn
river district, Skipton, m.Craven, Upper Craven and
Upper Nidderdale), n.Lan. (Broughton-m-Furness, Lower
Hofker).
7. oa in se.Nhb. (Whalton),w.Yks. (Hurst), I. Ma., e.War.,
n.Wor., Hrt. (Welwyn), n.Cmb., e.Ken. (Wingham), e. and
w.Sus., s.Sur., I.W., e.Som.
8. 93 in Dur. (see 3), ne.Yks. (Skelton), se.Yks. (Goole),
n.Lin., m.Nhp., Won (Hanbury), Hrf. (Ledbury), Glo.
(Tetbury), Oxf. (Banbury), se.Brks., Bck. (Chackmore),
Ess. (Great Dunmow, Maldon), nw.Ken., ne.Sun, e.Dor.
(Handford), e.Cor. (Camelford, Cardynham).
9. U3 in m.Nhb. (Embleton), sw.Nhb. (Haltwhistle),
ne.Yks. (Danby, S. Ainsty), se.Yks. (East Holderness),
w.Yks. (Giggleswick, Doncaster, Halifax, Keighley, Brad-
ford, Leeds, Dewsbury, Sheffield), Lan. (see 3, 6, 10), Chs.
(Pott Shrigley), s.Stf. (Dudley), n. and e.Den, m. and s.Lin.,
sw.Nhp., w. and s.Wan, e.War. (Atherstone), Glo. (Vale of
Gloucester, Forest of Dean, Shenington), Bck. (see 8), Hrt.
(see 7), Hnt., n.Ken. (Faversham), e.Sus. (Marklye), Hmp.
[2]
(Andover). Wil., e.Dor. (Cranborne, Winterborne Came),
w.Som., e.Som. (Axe-Yarty), n. and sw.Dev.
10. ia in Cum. (Langwathby, Ellonby, Keswick, Clifton).
w.Cum., Wm. (see 11), n.Yks. (Muker), nw.Yks. (Hawes,
Dent, Howgill, Sedberg), n.Lan. (Coniston).
11. ie in sw.Nhb. (Knaresdale), Wm. (Crosby Ravens-
worth, Temple Sowerby), Cum. (Bewcastle). In the
Teviotdale, Nhb. (Newcastle), Dur. (South Shields), Cum.
(Carlisle), the diphthong seems to be ie rather than ie.
12. ia in Rxb., Slk., e. and m.Dmf., s.Nhb., Cum. (Bramp-
ton, Holme Cultram), Dur. (Weardale and Teesdale),
ne.Yks. (Whitby), nm.Yks. (Lower Nidderdale, South
Cleveland), nw.Yks. (Upper Swaledale, The Upper Mining
Dales).
13. 911 in Stf. (Darlaston, Codsall, Willenhall), m.Nhp.
(Lower Benefield), e.Ken. (Folkestone).
14. Eeua in Chs. (Tarporley, Middlewick), s.Chs.
For further details see The Phonological Introduction,
and Ellis, E. E. Pr., v. passim.
A. Although the following examples of A are for the
most part merely the dialectic pronunciation of common
literary words, they are here included so as to facilitate the
understanding of the numerous meanings of what is written
a in the quotations throughout the Dictionary.
[Pron. I, II, V, VIII, IX a; III stressed form a, 9, un-
stressed a; IV a; VI (1) a, (2, 3) e, a; VII (1) 5, (2) a;
X a, when strongly emphasized e; XI (1) a, e, (2) e.]
I. A, indef. art. Van dial.
1. Used redundantly with sb. or adj.
Sc. Not worth a sixpence, Monthly Mag. (1800) I. 238. Ken.1
A bread and butter, a piece of bread and butter ; Ken.2 A good
hair, good hair. w.Som.1 I sh'll be back about of a dinner-time,
Introd. xxiv.
2. Used in place of an before a vowel or h mute.
Nhb.1 Not a oonce. n-Yks.1 Top ov a awd rain waiter tub.
w.Yks.2 A idle, ill-tempered gossip. Sur.1 Half a hour agoo.
Wil.1 The article an is never used. Gie I a apple. w.Som.1 He's
same's a old hen avore day.
3. Before numerals, and nouns of multitude and quantity.
Ir. We'll be givin' them a boil in a one of the little saucepans,
BARLOW Lisconnel (1895) 61. N.Cy.1 A many, a great number.
Nhb.1 Thor's amany at dissent knaa. Thor's not a-one on ye dar
come. Yks. Ye've each on ye gotten a two or three childer,
TAYLOR Miss Miles (1890) i. w.Yks.1 A many. sw.Lin.1 There's
a many as can't raise a pie. Nhp.1 A many. Sur. There be a
hundreds of 'em, JENNINGS Field Pat/is (1884) 37; There be a
plenty of 'em, ib. 44. Sur.1 w.Som.1 We shall have a plenty o'
gooseberries. There was about of a forty. Purty nigh of a fifty.
Som. A dree or fower children, LEITH Lemon Verbena (1895) 45!
nw.Dev.1 'Bout a nine o'clock. 'Bout a vower or vive miie.
[There's not a one of them but in his house I keep a
servant fee'd, SHAKS. Much. in. iv. 131 ; And up they
rysen, wel a ten or twelve, CHAUCER C. T. F. 383.]
4. Used with nouns in pi., to denote quantity.
Nhb.1 What a bairns thor is [what a number of bairns! What
a picturs he hes iv his hoose.
II. A., num. adj. One, when standing before sb.. but not
absolutely, in which case ane or van is used. In Yks
Lan. bom and occas. so written in other dialects.
ne-Yks1 A one. w.Yks.2 They're just about a size. neXan.1
—i.1 Same s the crow zaid by the heap o' toads, They be all of
.
° "
±°( 1859) II "28 °f£fUrHkeeP">S f kinds of goods, RAMSAY
s^SSfiS •MS? "- -- --
RNS £,;<,' rto9(4™oy H^T?"118.^ 8°wd for a' that>
And soon fill a' our creels, Coquet Dale Sngs. (1852) 46; Aw've
suppd a' the milk an' wine, ROBSON Evangeline, &c. (1870) 6.
Wm.1 Tha were a there. Lan. There is na a fractious choilt i' a'
ar yard, BANKS Mancli. Man (1876) i. Chs. It's worth a' the brass
to yer that, BANKS Forbidden (ed. 1885 ;, xiv.
IV. A, pron. I. In Irel. n.Cy. and some of the midl.
counties.
N.I.1 A'm sayin'. Dur.1 A'l, I will. Cnm.1 Wm. A caant reetly
tell ya, Specimens Dial. (1885) pt. iii. i. Yks. A wish a'd been
theer ! GASKELL Sylvia (1863)'!. v. w.Yks. A've card him call em
legs, PRESTON Poems, &c. (1864) 3. e.Lan.1 w.Wor. A dunna
think it (W. B.).
V. A, pron. Used for the third pers. pron. in sing., and
occas. in pi.
1. He. Very widely distributed through the dialects (see
quot.), but not found in those n.Cy. districts where the
aspirate is retained.
w.Yks.1 Lin. The amoighty's a taakin o' you to 'issen, my
friend, 'a said, TENNYSON N. Farmer, Old Style (1864) st 7. Nhp.12,
se.Wor.1 Shr.1 A wuz all of a dither ; Shr.2 There a comes.'
Pern.1 A's coming tereckly, a's shoor to kum. Brks.1 If zo be
as a zes a wunt, a wunt [if he says he won't, he won't], Suf.1
Hmp. I low a will [expect he will] (H.C.W.B.) I.W.12 n.Wli.
A do veed amang th' lilies, KITE Sng. Sol. (c. 1860) ii. 16. Som.
Moi zowel vailed when a' speaked, BAYNES Sng. Sol. (1860) v. 6.
w.Som.1 The doctor've a-do'd hot a can [done what he can]. Dev.
In a com [in he came], PETER PINDAR Key. Visit Exeter (1795) 156.
[A fair knyjt a was to see, Sir Ferumbras (1380) 250.]
2. She. In a few midl. and sw. counties.
A wanted me to go with her, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (M )
Nhp.12, se-Wor.1 Shr., Hrf. Did a do it? BOUND Prov. (1876).
Wil.1 A zed a 'oodden bide yer no longer, fur ef a did her'd
never let un gwo. Dor. A's getting wambling on her pins [shaky
on her legs], HARDY Tower (1882) 124, ed. 1895.
3. It. Often used of inanimate objects, when it probably
represents he applied to things as well as to persons.
Chiefly in w. and sw. counties.
w.Wor.1 W'ahr bin a' ? may mean either Where is he, she, or it.'
se.Wor.1 This tree a got a good crap o' opples on 'im, aant a ?
Hrf.12, Oxf.1, w.Som.1 Dev. He've a got a great venture on hand,
but what a be he tell'th no man, KINGSLEY W. Ho! (1855) 120,
ed. 1889.
4. They. Lin. Shr.
Lin. Doctors, they knaws nowt, fur a says what's nawways true,
TENNYSON N. Farmer, Old Style (1864) st. 2. Shr.1 Whad wun a
doin' theer ? Shr.2 Whire bin a ?
VI. A, v. Occas. used for are, has, hath ; very general
in place of have, sing, and pi.
1. Are.
e.Yks.1 What a ya a deea-in on there? [What are you doing
there ?]
2. Hath, has.
Shr.2 He a got none. w.Wor.1 'Er a gon' awaay. Hrf.2 Him
a gone away.
3. Have.
Sc. Often used, in vulgar language, as an abbreviation of ' hae '
JAM.) ; For they were a' just like to eat their thumb, That he wi'
her sae far ben should a come, Ross Helenore (1768) n. Cnm.
I waddent a hed sic a cloon (M.P.). w.Yks.1 You mud as weel
a dunt as nut. neXan.1, Chs.i Lin. I moant 'a naw moor aale,
^EtmvsonN. Farmer, Old Style (1864) st. i. nXin.1, Nhp.1 w.Wor.1
A done, ool ee ! Shr.1 We mun a this oven fettled. Now, Polly,
yo'n a to gCO. Glo. When a man's owld and a-weered out, and
begins to 'a a summat the matter, BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn
(1890) 7. Sur. Plagued if I builded a house if I'd 'a a front door
to ee, BICKLEY Sur. Hills (1890) II. i. Hmp.1 w.Som.1 Have,
when followed by a consonant, sometimes written ha, but seldom
aspirated. This is the commonest of all the forms, and it is
occasionally heard even before a vowel. Dev." Wull yu come an'
a yer brekzis, Betty?
VII. A, adv. Seldom found, except in sense 1. More
usually written ae, ah, aw, ay.
1. Ay, always.
N.Cy.1, Cum. Gl. (1851).
2. How.
w.Yks. Wei az a wa se(a)in, -sud tel ja, a, wiar on wen sa fan
d rukij and at sa koalz ar uzbn [Well, as I was saying, she'd tell
you how, where and when she found the drunken hound that she
calls her husband], WRIGHT Gr. Wndhll. (1892 172.
[3]
VIII. A, prep. In very general use.
1. At, denoting place.
w.Wor.1 'E were a chu'ch o' Sund'y. Hrf.2 Suf.1 'A live a' bin
house.
2. Of.
Win. T'lass hersel war \ t'saame way a thinkin', JACK ROBISON
Aald Tales (1882) 3. w.Yks.1 If she nobbud could git a bit
a naturable rist. n.Lan. T' beams a our house are cedar, PHIZAC-
BKERLKY Sng. Sol. (1860) i. 17. Lin.1 Out a work. nXin.1 Th'
fraamc a' this here door. Nhp.1 Out a doors. Suf.1. I.W.1
A lig a mutton. w.Som.1 What manner a man. The tap a the hill.
Dev. Lets drink drap a ale, NATHAN HOGG Poet. Lei. (1847) 49.
3. On ; in.
N.Cy.2 A this side. Nhb.1 Wm.1 Et wes a Monda mornin.
n.Yks.1 To'n (turn) doon a that hand. w.Yks.1 I'll gang wi the
a Tuesday. Lan. I don't think every one would grieve a that
way, GASKELL M. Barton (1848) v ; Lan.1 He went a-horseback.
ne.Lan.1 Stf.1 1 shall go to Litchfield a Tuesday. Der.2 Dow it a:
thissens. He's allys a' thatens. n.Lin.1 Lei.1 A the t'oother soide.
Shr.2 A Wednesday. Snf.1 We'll go 'a Sunday. Sur.1 Croydon
Fair is a' Monday. w.Som.1 They be all a pieces. Let-n vail out
a thick zide [on this side].
4. To.
w.Som.1 Down a Minehead. I be gwain in a town.
5. With.
Wor. I'm goin' a Bill Saunders to Redditch tu-night (J.W.P.).
Nhp.2 Cam in a me [came in with me].
[Cf. athin, athout]
IX. A, conj. Occas.
1. And ; also when used in the sense of if.
Suf.1 I'll gi' ye a dunt i' the hid 'a ye dew so no more. Dev.
Chem a laced well-a-fine aready [well-a-fine = well and fine, i.e.
finely] Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 81.
2. Or.
Suf.1 Wutha 'a wool 'a nae [whether he will or no].
X. A, affirm, part, in cotnp. A-but, Aye-but. In n.
counties to Lin. and Chs. Also Shr. Not in midl. and
s. gloss.
n.Yks.1 A ! but, that was a big yan. e.Yks.1 Abud. w.Yks. Ah'll
bensil him ! A" bud he happen weant let theh, BANKS Wkfld. Wds.
(1865). nXin.1 A! But Charlie is a big leear, an noa mistaake.
Shr.2 A but.
XI. A, int. In n.Cy. Chs. Lin. Lei.
1. Ejaculatory ; oh ! ah !
N.Cy.2 A ! man alive ! n.Yks.1 A ! man : that was a yarker !
w.Yks. A' tha duz lewk bonny, BINNS Wihden Orig. (1889) I. i.
Lei.1 A, moy surs !
2. Interrogatory; eh?
N.Cy.1 A? what? What do you say? Cum. Gl. (1851). w.Yks.24,
nXin.1
A, pref.1 Before prp. and vbl. sb., repr. OE. an, on. Sc.
Irel. Not found in Eng. counties n. of Pern. Shr. War.
Nhp. Rut-n.Cam. Nrf., exc. in e.Lan. n.Lin. Lei. (Belgrave
and Waltham); also not found in Hnt. nw.Nrf. e.Ken.
1. Before prp. or vbl. sb. used with vb. to be to form con-
tinuous tense.
Ir. I'm a-thinkin', BARLOW Bog-land (1892) 52. Lin. Git ma my
aSle, fur I beant a-gawin', TENNYSON N. Farmer, Old Style (1864)
st. i. n-Lin.1 A consumptive person is said to be awearin'. Rut.1
I'm a-goin' whum. Nhp.1 How they are a-talking ! s.War.1 We
are a-coming directly. Wor. I don't know how they'm a-going
now (H.K.). se.Wor.1 Shr.1 Bin yo agwine? [going]. Glo.1
He'll be a puggin' all as he can ; Glo.2, Oxf.1 Brks.1 Thaay be
a-vightin. Bdf. ' Is she a-going? ' he said, WARD Bessie Costrell
(1895) 8. Ess. Who is a goin' to buy ? DOWNE Ballads (1895) 7.
Ken.1 She's always a making mischief about somebody or another.
Sur. I've been a-draining this forty year, HOSKYNS Talpa (1852) 16.
Sns.1 I am a-going. I.W.1 n.Wil. Who's thus a comen out o' th'
weaste ? KITE Sng. Sol. (c. 1860) iii. 6. Wil.1 They wasa-zaayin'.
Dev. Who'm a-gwain for to kill'e? BLACKMORE Christowell (1881)
ii ; I know what I'm a-saying of, O'NEILL Idylls (1892) 23. e.Cor.
The mutton is a-roasting, Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 421.
2. Before vbl. sb.
Sc. They hae taen Yule before it comes, and are gaun aguisarding
[mumming], SCOTT Guy Mannering (1815) xxxvi. e.Lan.1 Gone
a-working. sw.Lin.1 The birds, they start a-whistling of a morn-
ing. Hrf.2 Measter's got seventeen on 'em out a yacorning [pigs
feeding on acorns]. Glo.1 A-chatting, picking up chats or small
sticks.
A,pref.2 Before pp., repr. OE. ge-. In all the sw. counties,
including Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. ; also in Pern, and parts
of Wor. Glo. Oxf. Brks. Sur. Hmp.
se.Wor.1 ' I was a-dreamea" for ' I dreamt.' Glo. Ye and William
Stretch be so easy a-gallowed [frightened], GISSING Both of Ms
Parish (1889) I. 117; It be a-rooted on his side of the bruck,
ib. 287 ; Me and Mary have a-bin-a-doing arl us can for 'er,
BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn (1890) iv. Oxf. You see, ma'am, all
this time she is adreamt between sleeping and waking (HALL.).
Brks.1 I've a zed what I've a got to zaay. Sur. Your charity
have a-outrun your discretion, BICKLEY Sur. Hills (1890) III. vi.
Hmp. Ye must be nigh famished, and afrore [frozen] too, VERNEY
L. Lisle (1870) xxiii ; I'm better than I have abeen (H.C.M.B.).
n.Wil. You've a got dove's eyes, KITE Sng. Sol. (c. 1860) i. 15.
Dor. The zun have a-burnt me so dark, BARNES Sng. Sol.
(1859) i. 6; I've a took, YOUNG Rabin Hill (1867) 3; I misdoubt
if the hatches be a-hcven [lifted] down yonder, HARE Vil. Street
(1895) 95. Dor.1 Thy new frock's tail A-tore by hitch en in
a nail. How you, a-zot bezide the bank. Som. Th' cooin o' th'
turtle-doove be a-yeard in th' Ian', BAYNES Sng. Sol. (1860) ii.
12; My vingers be all a-vraur, JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng. (1869);
Avroze, frozen. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 There's a good
many chores [pieces of work] I 'ant a put down at all. The
gutter's a-stapped again. Dev. Sweel out thickee glass avore
'e's a-flsed again, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892). n.Dev. A-slat, cracked
like an earthen vessel, GROSE (1790). s.Dev. My bread's a-clit
[made heavy] (F.W.C.). Dev.1, nw.Dev.1
A, pref.3 Repr. the OE. prep. on. It is very common
as a prefix of state or condition. In var. dial, of Sc.
Irel. and Eng. (For distribution, &c. of some of the most
general instances of words having this pref. see Aback,
Aboon, Agate, Aneath, Astead, &c.)
Sc. At length when dancing turn'd adwang, BEATTIES Parings
(1801) 14; The best-laid schemes o' mice an' men Gang a"ft
a-gley, BURNS To a Mouse (1785) 1. 39 ; A-grufe, ' flat or grovelling'
(JAM.). S. & Ork.1 He fell dead asoond [in a swoon]. Ir. The
air was a-flutther wid snow, BARLOW Bog/and (1892) 70 ; When
th'ould master had tore it wid his hands all a-shake, ib. 14. Ant.
The chimney's alow [on fire] (W.J.K.). N.I.1 Abreard [of corn, in
the blade]. Wxf.1 Aveel , abroad [in the field). Agether, together.
N.Cy.1 Acow, acaw, crooked. Nhb. Enough to rive atwee the
heart, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) pt. ii. st. 17 ; Nhb.1 He couldn't
run acas on his bad foot. ' Stan aby there ' is a familiar shout
in a crowd when a way is to be cleared. It com atwo i' me hand.
Dur. Let's see ift veyne flurrish, whedder t'tender grape's aseat,
MOORE Sng. Sol. (1859) vii. 12 ; Whe's this 'at cums up frae
t'wilderness, leanen atoppiv hur beluved ? ib. viii. 5 ; Dnr.1 Tek the
cows afield. Cum. He's nut been varra weel leately an' so he's
a-bed (E.W.P.) ; Nancy sed she wad set off for Cockermuth market
afeut, FARRALL Betty Wilson (1886) 145 ; Cum.3 Acoase they think
he kens me. Wm.1 Thoo canna gan afeut. n.Yks. His shoes is
trodden a-cow. Lift it up a-height. Old John gans sair astoop
(I.W.) ; n.Yks.1 Marget an" her man hae getten aquart [at variance]
agen ; n.Yks.2 Acant, leaning to one side. Apeeak, in a peak.
e.Yks. Ah's varry tired; Ah've been afeeat all day, NICHOLSON
Flk-Sp. (1889) 89 ; e.Yks.1 Is kittle aboil d'ye think ? w.Yks.1 Our
lad's quite bobberous, an aw a roav [on the rove, stirring about] ;
w.Yks.5 He wur afront an' we wur aback on him. Tak t'umbrella
wi' thuh achonce it raans. ne.Lan.1 It went awheels. e.Lan.1
Aback o' th' hill. s.Chs.1 Get atop o' th' bauks. Not.1 A-two, in
two. n-Lin.1 It's that mucky and torn, it's abargens what becums
on it. Squire Heala an' him got atwist. Th' wall's nobut a brick
abread. Lei.1 [Work is done] a-great, by the piece. Nhp.1 The
house is afire ; Nhp.2 Wheer's maester ?— Up afield. War. Afire.
Afoot (J. R. W.). s.War.1 Abed. Wor. I can't sleep anights
(H.K.). w.Wor^'Er's a bed mighty bad, wi' a paayn a top o' 'er
yud. Shr.1 Fund it a-top o' the cubbert shilf. Glo. Down er
went on ers back arl a-mullock, BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn (1890)
vii; Agig, giggling, excited (F.H.). Oxf.1 They be come afresh.
If thee beginst any o' thy eggerevatin' ways yer, I'll cut tha
clane a-two-in-the-middle. Brks.1 A copse is said to be ' amove
wi' gaayme." Thee get on avront o' I, ther yent room vor us
bwo-ath in the paath. e-An.1 1 saw Mr. Brown a'top of his new
horse yesterday. Suf.1 Ta crumble all 'apieces. Ken.1 The pig-
trade's all asprawl now. Sur.1 Abed. Hmp.1 His head is all
agoggle [i. e. of a person with palsy]. Wil.1 Put the door ashard
when you goes out. Som. When a hen is sitting on her eggs
she is said to be abrood, JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825).
w.Som.1 The primroses be all ablow up our way. The grass is
shockin bad to cut, tis all alie. Thick there bisgy stick's a put in
B 2
[4]
AAM
all atwist. Dev. Zes I tu a chap, 'What dee cal thic a-head?'
[overhead] NATHAN HOGG Poet. Let. (1847), 'Bout tha Balune;
Like a 'ouze avire, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 48; Polly ought tu
bring out 'er chicken til-day ; her'tha zot a-brood vur dree weeks,
ib. 153. nw.Dev.1 Alie, in a recumbent position. Cor.1 She rode
ascrode ; Cor.2 The door's a-sam.
A, pref.* Equiv. to of. In a few words retained in var.
dial. See Alate, &c.
Sc. Adoun, adown, down, poet. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
w.Yks. Akin, related by blood (S.P.U.); w.Yks.1 Alatt, of late,
lately ; w.Yks.5 Pleaz mother may I goa out adoors a bit ?
ne-Lan.1 Alayat, of late, lately. n-Lin.1 You're alus clattin' in
and oot a-doors. Nhp.1 He's gone out a-doors ; Nhp.2 Athirst.
se.Wor.1 A-hungry. A-late, lately. Glo. Affurst, athirst, thirsty,
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) Brks.1 I be a-veelin' ahungerd.
Cor. Nor drive too fast adown the hills, TREGELLAS Farmer Brown
(1857) 22.
A, pref5 Equiv. to at.
Sc. I'll hae naething ado wi't, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Lan.
There's no peace i' th' world iv there's no peace awhoam, WAUGH
Sngs. (1859) Jamie's Frolic. Chs.1 Oo made much adoo abait it.
Stf.1 Is the doctor a-whum ? War.2 Awum. Nhp.1 They always
make such ado with me, whenever I go to see them.
A, pref? Repr. OE. a-, earlier ar-, orig. implying motion
onward ; hence used as an intensive pref. See Afeard,
Agast, Agone.
Sc. To come alist, to recover from faintness or decay (JAM.);
But well's my heart that ye are come alist, Ross Helenore ( 1 768) 15.
N.Cy.1 Agrote, surfeit, cloy, saturate. Nhb.1 ' Let yorsel alowse '
[loose], was the exhortation of a pitman to a friend who was
batting stiffly at a cricket match. n.Yks.2 Akest, cast or twisted
to one side. e.Yks. It's all akest, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 50 ;
e.Yks.1 It was agin [given] to me. Lan. To aright a boat (F. H. ).
Glo. Very many years agone, GISSING Vil. Hampden (1890) I. iv.
Brks.1 Thaay've a-bin agone this dree hour. n.Dev. Agush'd and
Gush'd, used for Agusted, dismayed, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
Dev.3 The frost agives. w.Cor. He went to Africa some time
agone (M.A.C.).
A, pref? Repr. OE. and, against, opposite. See Along,
Alongst.
A, pref? Repr. OE. an, one, in oblique case. See
Awhile.)
A, pref? Repr. an int. A !
Sc. Aweel, it's the worst thing I ken about, SCOTT Rob Roy
(1816) vi. S. & Ork.1 Alake ! alas ! Gall. ' Aweel, aweel,' soli-
loquised the considerate Baillie, ' this is a matter that requires
management,' NICHOLSON Hist. Tales (1843) 68. w.Yks.4 Alack !
Snf.1 Alawk, alawkus ! w.Som.1 Alack-a-day ! [A-God-cheeld !
Exclamation, God shield you ! God forbid ! GROSE (1790) MS.
add. (P.)]
A, pref.10 Of uncertain origin ; in many cases due to
analogy with one or other of the above prefixes.
Sc. Await sheep, one that has fallen down, so as not to
be able to recover itself (JAM.). S. & Ork.1 To go a-gaairy, to
leave one's service before the term day. Ir. Poor Mick grabbed
a-hould of me, BARLOW Idylls (1892) 214. N.Cy.1 Amackally,
in a manner, as well as one can. Wm. T'poor fello's pluck
he amackily roosed, BOWNESS Studies (1868) 80. n.Yks. God
a-rest you, merry gintlemen, TWEDDELL Clevel. Rhymes (1875) 6'
n.Yks.2 A-craz'd, wrong-headed. Black-aviz'd, dark complexioned!
ne.Lan.1 A-warrant, to assure, to warrant. nXin.1 John'll cum hoam
drunk agean to neet I'll awarrant it. Wor. It be a lot nigher this
away [way] (H. K.). se.Wor.1 Be yer 'onds acaowd ? come ether
an warm urn. I sh'll come afrawl [a + for all] thee. Shr.1 An old
man . . . speaking of his schoolmaster, said, ' 'E used to amaister
me, Sir. Glo.12 Adry, thirsty. Brks.1 I be a-veelin acawld
Ess. John was a-dry CLARK /. Noahs (1839) !8. Sur. I'd like to
know, not a-wishful to be prying, BICKLEY Sur. Hills (1890) III
';W' ,?°!,Wl!.°0T- Wi,' the ™g°n a.Ker temPty]. Goo into
-- ------ .
dtheold woman, MADOX-BROWN
A suff. Occas. used redundantly after a word • merelv
euphonic 'A is sometimes used fn songs and
g °ut a line' without add'ns to
Ir. Is it that-a-way he went, did you notice ? BARLOW Lisconntl
(1895) 207. w.Som.1 You never ded-n ought to a went-a. It is very
commonly heard after proper names when shouted . . . [or] when
calling out to urge on horses or oxen by their names. Dev. The
Devonians often introduce a vowel into words, as Black-a-hook,
for Blackhook, BRAY Tamar and Tavy, I. 121; GROSE (1790) MS
add. (M.)
A, num. adj. Sc. n.Cy. Yks. Lan. Written ae in Sc. ;
this spelling also occurs in n.Cy. Nhb.1 Cum. n.Yks.2
Also written ya Cum.1 Wm. Yks. w.Yks.1 Lan.1 ; yah
Wm. n.Yks.2 ; yaa Wm. See below, [e.]
1. One.
Sc. Ae swallow disna mak a simmer (JAM.) ; Ae good turn
may meet anither, if it were at the brigg o' London, RAMSAY
Prov. (1737); And no ae halfhour to the gospel testimony,
SCOTT Midlothian (1818) xi. Gall. The ae legged chuckie wull be
clocking, CROCKETT Moss Hags (1895) 217. Bwk. Till said to
Tweed, Though ye rin wi' speed, and I rin slaw. Where ye
drown ae man, I drown twa, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 27.
n.Cy. Ae, one, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (D. A.). Nhb.1 Cum. Fra
ya week end till anudder, FARREL Betty Wilson (1886) 41. Wm.
Let us alaan yaw wee bit, HUTTON Bran New Wark (1785) 1. 242.
n.Yks.2 Ae, Yah, one. e.Yks. Yaa, one, with the subs, expressed :
as yaa man, yaa horse. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788). w.Yks. Price
a penny, Dewsbre Olm. (cover) ; Ea, one, LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale
(c. 1882) ; w.Yks.1 He didn't knaw his awn mind fray ya minute
to another, ii. 294. Lan.1 Sooa ya day, ther' wos sich a noration
as nivver wos seen, MORRIS Invasion o' U'ston (1867) 4. neXan.1
Aa cow (s.v. An).
2. Only.
Sc. Thou kill'd my brethren three, Whilk brak the heart o' my
ae sister I loved as the light o' my ee, Jacob. Rel. (1819) II. 33.
Ayr. I am my mammie's ae bairn, BURNS Pm Owre Young.
3. Used with superlatives in an intensive sense QAM.).
Ayr. The ae best fellow e'er was born, BURNS Elegy on Capt.
Matthew Henderson.
4. Comp. Ae-beast-tree ; -fur, -fur-land, see below;
-haunt, single-handed (JAM.); -pointit gairss [grass],
sedge-grass, a species of Carex.
Or.I. Ae-beast-tree, a swingle tree by which only one horse
draws in ploughing (JAM.). S. & Ork.1 Ae-beast-tree. Clyd., Slk.
Ae-fur, having all the soil turned over by the plough in one
direction ; Ae-fur-land, ground which admits of being ploughed
only in one direction (JAM.). w.Sc. They wadna be a jiffy
o' gripping ye like a gled, they're no sae ae-haunt, Saint Patrick
(1819) I. 220 (JAM.). Sc. Carex, ae-pointit gairss, blue-grass
(B. & H.). Lnk. Ae-pointit-gairss. Sedge-grass, a species of
carex, single-pointed grass. The reason why this tribe of plants
is denominated Ae-pointit Gairss, is because the points of its blades
are sharper and much more stiff than those of rich succulent
grass QAM.).
[In Sc. ae is used before a sb. whether beginning with a
cons, or a vowel. Occurring absolutely ane is the form.
OE. an.]
A, sb. Wil. Som. (?) Apparently obs. except in comp.
A-harrow or -drag.
s.Wil. Ais or As, harrows or drags, DAVIS Agric. (1813), quoted
Archceol. Rev. (1888) I. 34. Wil.1 This term for a harrow was still
occasionally to be heard some thirty years ago, in both Somerset
and Wilts, but is now disused.
Hence comp. A-drag.
Wil. For some years a very heavy triangular machine was used,
called an A-drag, with its tines so fixed on its three sides, as that
when drawn by one point, it made parallel furrows eight or nine
inches apart, DAVIS Gen. View Agric. Wil. (1811) vii. 52-3. The
late Mr. Jas. Rawlence, a great authority on agriculture, told me
it [word A-drag] was still in use in s. Wilts, though no doubt it
would be an improved form of the machine (G.E.D.); Wil.1
A-Drag. Still used in s.Wilts for harrowing turnips before the
hoers go in.
[This term is derived from the triangular shape of the
drag, resembling the letter A.]
A, AA, see Ea.
AA, see Owe.
AAM, sb. e.An. Also written aim e.An.1 The chill ;
only found in phr. to take the aatn off.
e.An.1 Just set the mug down to the fire, and take the cold aam
off the beer. Suf. To take cold aam off the beer is occasionally
AAM
[5]
ABB
heard (J. H.) ; The cold aam of beer is cold sharpness or sting.
Only a few old people now use the word (F. H.).
[This is prob. a Flem. word; cp. w.Flem. aam = adem,
breath (Dr. Bo); so in Saxony aam = athem (BERGHAUS).
For a similar expression as applied to beer see Air, sb. 4.]
AAM, see Harm.
AAN, see Own.
AANDORN, see Undern.
AAR, see Arn.
AARNIT, see Earth-nut.
AARON'S BEARD, sb. A name applied to several
plants— (i) Hypencum calycinum (Bwk. Rxb. Nhb. n.Dur.
Shr. Glo. Ess. Dev.) ; (2) Linaria Cymbalaria (Edb.) ;
(3) Orchis mascula (Bwk.) ; (4) Saxifraga sarmentosa (Dev.) ;
(5) Spiraea salicifolia (Lin. Lei. n.Bks.). [e'ranz-biad, n.
e'-ranz-biard.]
n.Lin.1. Lei.1 Aaron's Beard, Spiraea salicifolia. Shr. Aaron s
Beard, St. John's wort (G. E. D.).
[The name contains a reference to Ps. cxxxiii. 2.]
AARON'S ROD, sb. A name applied to several plants—
(i) Solidago Virgaurea (Shr. War.) ; (2) A garden species
of Solidago (Hrt.) ; (3) Verbascum Thapsus (Sc. Lin. Glo.
and the midl. counties), [e'ranz-rod.]
Bnff.1 Aarons-rod, mullein, Verbascum Thapsus. Lin.1 Aaron's
Rod, Verbascum Thapsus. Shr.1 Aaron's-rod, Solidago Virgaurea,
common golden rod. Glo.1 Aaron's Rod, Verbascum Thapsus.
Var. dial. Aaron's Rod, from the tall straight stem, and connected
with Aaron because his rod, like his beard, is familiar from its
mention in Scripture.
[The name contains a reference to the account of Aaron
in Numbers xvii. 8.]
AB, sb. Or. I. [ab.]
Or.I. Ab, check, hindrance, impediment QAM. Suppl.}. Not in
S. & Ork.i
AB, v. Or. I.
Or.I. To Ab, to hinder, keep back, place at a disadvantage ; also
to pain, cause pain (JAM. Suppl.}. Not in S. & Ork.1
ABACK, prep, and adv. In Sc. and all the n. counties
to Lin. and Chs., Stf. War. [aba'k.]
1. prep. Of position : behind, to the rear (usually with
prep. of).
Nhb.1 Howay aback o' the hoose an' aa'll show ye. He com'
in at the finish just aback on him. Dur.1 Cum.2 Aback o' the
fells. Wm. As t'sun sank doon aback o' t'hills, WHITEHEAD Leg.
(1859^ 17, 1. 4. n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1 It popp'd oot aback o' t' stee.
e.Yks. Up-stairs a-back o' bed, Sike a riot as niwer was led,
NICHOLSON Flk-Specch (1889} 40; e.Yks.1 w.Yks.s Think o' the
divil an' he's sure to be aback o' yuh. Lan.1 Just as aw coom up
he wur hidin' aback o' th' hedge. ne.Lan.1 Chs.1 Aw seed him
aback o' th' edge. s.Chs.1 [with meaning of beyond] Aback o'
Nantweych (Nantwich). \ln_flg. sense] Owd Dan tells some awful
lies, bu' yo conna ger aback on him. Stf.2 n.Lin.1 It's aback o' the
beer barril. War. (J.R. W.)
2. adv. Behind, to the rear.
Ayr. The third that gaed a wee aback, Was in the fashion
shining Fu' gay that day, BURNS Holy Fair (1785) ver. 2.
3. Of motion : back, backwards.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Hadaway aback, aa tell ye. Ye've com" ower far
on ; gan aback ti the road end.
4. Of time : ago, since.
Abd. Eight days aback a post came frae himsel, Ross Helenore
(1768) 37.
5. Aback o' Durham, delayed, thrown back from the be-
ginning ; aback frae, aloof from ; to take aback, to surprise,
astonish (in gen. use).
n.Yks.2 All aback o' Durham together. Ayr. O would they stay
aback frae courts, An' please themsels wi' countra sports, It wad
for ev'ry ane be better, BURNS Twa Dogs (1786). Frf. This took
Sam'l, who had only been courting Bell for a year or two, a little
aback, BARRIE Licht (1888) 159. n.Yks. Ah wer rayder teean
aback when it com, TWEDDELL Clevel. Rhymes (1875) 62. n.Lin.1
I was ta'en clear aback when she tell'd me on it
6. Aback-d '-behind, (i) in the rear, behind; (2) behind-
hand ; (3) far away, remote.
(i) N.Cy.1 Aback-a-behint where the grey mare foaled the fiddler
[that is, threw him off in the dirt]. Nhb.1 Aback-a-behint the
set [the very last wagon]. Get up aback-a-behint [get up over
the horse's rear]. Cum. Aback o' behint, behind, in the rear,
LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 295. w.Yks. Aback o' behind, Hlfx. Wds.
ne.Lan.1 Aback-a-behint, very far behind or in the rear, (a) Dur.1
Behind hand, too late. (3) Lan.1 Wheer does he live? — Eh! aw
know no'; aback-a-beheend, wheer nob'dy comes.
7. Aback-o' -beyond, (i) 'the other end of Nowhere/ in the
far distance ; (2) of work : behindhand, delayed, thrown
back ; (3) behind, in the rear of.
(i) Nhb.1 Aback-a-beyont, far away behind — out of ken. Cum.1
Nowhere, lost in the distance. 'Whoar t'meer fwoal't t'fiddler.'
n.Yks.2 They live aback o' beyont, where they kessen cawvs and
knee-band lops [christen calves, and bind the fleas by the legs].
ne.Yks.1 Ah wadn't mahnd if they was all aback o' beyont [at
Jericho]. ne.Lan.1 Aback-o-beyont, at a very great distance
away. n.Lin.1 \_ftg. use] A man is aback o' beyont his sen, when
he is, through his own fault or ignorance, unable to perform what he
has undertaken. (2) n.Yks.1 We were all thrown aback o' beyont
the day through [could never recover the ground lost by delay
in the morning]. e.Yks. That slaw beggar's awlas aback-o-beyont
wiv his wahk, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 49. (3) e.Yks.1 Where's
Jack ? — He's just geean aback-o-beyont there [at the back of yonder
house or stack].
[They drewe abacke, as halfe with shame confound,
SPENSER Sh. Cal. June. ME. Therwith-al a-bak she sterte,
CHAUCER Leg. G. W. 864. OE. on bcecc.]
ABACK, adv. n.Irel. [aba'k.] Of the position of a
weight or load : contracted form of ' on the back.'
N.I.1 When a cart is loaded, the load can be arranged so as to
press very lightly on the horse, this is having it ' light-a-back ' ;
when the chief weight is towards the front of the cart, and
therefore presses on the horse, the cart is ' heavy-a-back.'
[A-, on + back.]
ABARGAINS, phr. n.Lin. [aba'ganz.] Of no value or
consequence.
Lin. Among Lincolnshire phrases one may hear, ' It's a bargains
on it!' or 'Oh, a bargains on (or of) him!' when one would
depreciate a man or a thing, N. & Q. (1865) 3rd S. vii. 162.
n-Lin.1 It's that mucky and torn, it's abargens what becums on it.
It's abargens whether he cums or no noo.
[A-, on -f bargains, q.v.]
ABASING, vbl. sb. w. and s.Sc. QAM.) [abe'sin.]
w. & s.Sc.Abaising, abaisin, abasin, abusing, hurting, ill-treating
by word or act.
[Abais(s)e, v., is a northern form of AFr. aba'iss (whence
E. abash), prp. stem of abair, OFr. esbair (mod. e'bahir).}
ABATE, v. Nhp. [abe't, abea't.] To uncover; to
clear away the superincumbent soil preparatory to
working stone in a quarry. See Bate and Unbate.
Nhp.1. To make bare ; to uncover. [In e.An. • uncallow ' is the
corresponding word.]
[OFr. abatre, to beat down.]
ABATE, adv. n.Lin. [abea't.] Accustomed to, in the
habit of doing anything.
n-Lin.1 He's gotten abate o' drinkin'.
ABAWE, v. n.Cy. [abijr.] To daunt, astonish.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
[ME. abawen. Found in R. BRUNNE Handlyng Synne
and CHAUCER. See M. & S., HALL. See HATZFELD, and
Skeat's note to CHAUCER Duchesse, 614.]
ABB, sb. Glo. Wil. Som. n.Dev. Also written ab
Glo. ; ob Glo. n.Dev. [aeb ; Glo. w.Som. ob.]
1. The weft, woof, yarn woven across the warp.
Glo. Ab, Ob, trama, substramen, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
w.Som.1 Abb, weaver's weft.
2. In wool-sorting, one of two qualities of wool known
as coarse abb and fine abb respectively (C.D.).
w.Cy. The wool of the sheep's back is finer, and makes, in
druggets, the thread called abb, LISLE Husbandry (1757). w.Som.1
Abb, the name of a particular sort or quality of short-stapled wool,
as sorted, usually from the belly part of the fleece.
3. Comp. Abb-chain, a carded warp ; -wool (C.D.).
w.Som.l The abb is nearly always spun from carded wool, and
hence a carded warp, such as that used in weaving blankets,
is called an abb-chain, in distinction to one spun from combed
wool, such as that used in weaving serge, which is a worsted
chain.
[OE. aweb (oweb, ab). A cognate OE. form was awef,
owef, whence E. woof.]
ABBAR
[6]
ABIDE
ABBAR, ABBER, see Aye bat.
ABBEY, sb. Som. The abele or great white poplar,
Populus aiba.
Sam. The great white poplar: one of the varieties of t
Pofulus alba, JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825); W. & J. Gl.
(1873' ; Abbey-lug, a branch of the abele tree (G.S.).
ABBEY-LUBBER, sb. Yks. Som., also naut [arbi-leba,
n. a'ba-lobair).] An idle person, a loafer.
Yks. A term of reproach for idle persons, WRIGHT. Som. A
lazy, idle fellow, JENNINGS Obs. DiaL w.Eng. (1825); W. & J.
Gl. 1873). Hant SMYTH Sailor's Wd-Bk. (1867). Colloq.. From
deans and from chapters who live at their eases . . . And lie like
abbey-lubbers stewM in their own greases, Libera nos, Domine.
Jacob. ReL (1819) 393.
\Archimarmitonerastique, an Abbey-lubber or arch-fre-
quenter of the Cloyster beefe-pot or beefe-boyler. Ils
estqyent a table aises comme Peres (a phrase whose author
by Peres meant Abbey-lubbers), COTGR.; An Abbey-
lubber, fucus • . . . Fucus, a Drone, Sluggard, an Abby-
lubber, COLES (1679) ; Abbey-Lubber, a slothful loiterer
in a religious house under pretence of retirement and
austerity ('This is no Father Dominic, no huge over-
grown abbey-lubber; this is but a diminutive sucking
friar,' Dryden Sp. />.), JOHNSON.]
ABBUD, ABBUT, see Aye but
ABBY, sb. S. and Ork. [a'bL]
1. The sea-gilliflower.
S. * Ork.1
2. Contp. Abby-root, the root of the sea-gilliflower.
S. ft Ork.1
ABC, also in pi. In gen. colloq. use.
1. The English alphabet ; to be able to say one's A B C, to
be able to read.
w.Yks. Can he say his A-B-C's ? BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865).
nw.Der.1 w.Som.1 Dhee urt u puur-tee skau'lurd, shoa-ur nuuf:
wuy kas-n zai dhee ae-u. bee, see [thou art a pretty scholar sure
enough, why thou canst not say thy A B C]. Pop. rhyme. Dunce,
dunce, double D, Can't say his ABC.
2. A B C Book, a book for beginners containing the
alphabet ; in A B C fashion.
w.Som.1 ABC Book, the book from which infants are first
taught ABC Fashion, perfectly ; applied to things known, as
a trade, a lesson, &c. A man would be said to know his business
or profession a-b-c faar-sheen — i. e. as perfectly as his alphabet
[L To sigh, like a school-boy that had lost his A B C
(i. e. his book containing the alphabet), SHAKS. Two Gent.
11. i. 23. 2. And then comes answer like an Absey book,
ib. K. John, i. i. 196.]
A-BE, Sc. Nhb. Lan. Chs. Stf. Oxf. See below, [abr.]
L In phr. to let a-be (rarely, to leave a-be), to leave undis-
turbed, to let alone ; let a-be, not to mention. Cf. let-alone.
Sc. A wheen kilted loons that dinna ken the name o' a single
herb or flower in braid Scots, let abee in the Latin tongue, Kob
Roy (1817) xxvii: Get up! I wadna rise out of my chair for
King George himsell let abee a Whig minister. RAMSAY Remin.
(ed. 1859) ist S. 93. Nhb. Av' let a' useless sticks a-bee,
ROBSON Evangtline (1870) 363 ; Nhb.1 Let's away and he* some
yell, and let sic things abee man. The Keelman's reasons for
attending church, ALLAN'S Collection (1863). Lan. I niwer wanted
to see yore face again. Leave me a-be. BURNETT Loarrus '1877)
rrii; Aw would o lett'n it obee till th' weddin' wur o'er, Abrum
o Fluf's Quortin' (1886) 8. neXan.1 Let me abe. let me alone.
Cbs.1 Let that choilt a-be. wilt ta. s^tf. Let him a-be. PINNOCK
Bit. Cy. Ann. (1895! s.Oxf. Let 'im a-be, 'ee 'ave made 'is bed,
an ee d best lie on it, ROSEMARY Chilterns \ 1895) na.
2. so. Forbearance.
Sc. Ill gie you let-a-bee for let-a-bee. like the bairns o' Kelly
HENDERSON Prop. (1832) 123 ; I am for let a-be for let-a-be, as the
boys say, SCOTT Pirate (1822) xxxvii ; Let-abe for let-abe, mutual
ice. Let-abe maks mony a loon [forbearance increases
the number of rogues] (JAM., s.v. Let).
[The prefix a- is difficult to explain. N.E.D has ' prob
*t be, early northern infinitive=to be,' but there is no
evidence of the existence of the phrase, or of the con-
struction of let with at in ME.]
ABEAR, v. Widely diffused through the dialects. Also
written abeear e. Yks. ne. Lan.1 ; abeare ne.Lan.1 See
below, [abeav), abia'fr).] To endure, tolerate : usually
with the verb can and a negative. Cf. abide.
Jfhb.l She couldn't abeer to sit aside him. Wm.1 A cannot
abeer et. n-Yks.1 ne.Yks.1 Ah can't abeear stooryin.'. Lan.1
I conno' abear th' sect on 't. s^tt I can't abear the sight on
him, PINNOCK Bit. Cy. Ann. (1895). Hot1 s.Not Non of uz
can't abear non o' them (J. P. K.). Lin. I couldn abear to see it,
i TENNYSON If. Farmer, Old Style 1860) st 16. swXin.1 I hate
smoke-reek'd tea, I can't abear it. They could'nt abear her ; they
rantanned her out at last. Lei.1 Oi cain't abear 'er. Nhp.i
s.War.1 I can't abear it. w.Wor.1 'E's 'ad the tuthache that
desprit till 'e couldn't scahrcely abar it Snr.1 The missis toud
me I wuz to sarve them pigs an' I canna-d-abere it. Hrf.2
GIo. The townsfolk be got so 'nation fmnicking, thaay can't abear
a bit o' nize, BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn {i6f/o)v\. Oxf.1 Brks.1
I can't abear zuch a vool as he be. n.Bck. Abear or abeer, to
tolerate (A C.). Mid. I can't abear it, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (M.)
Hnt (T. P. F. ) Ess. I earn abear it when the salmon's done, DOWNE
Ballads (1895) 9. Snr.1 1 can't a-bear their goings on. Sus.1
I never could a-bear that chap. Hnip.1 WU.1 1 can't abear to
see the poor theng killed. w.Som.1 1 can abear to see a riglur fair
stand-up fight, but I can't never abear to zee boys always a naggin
and a quardlin. Uur keod-n ubae'ur vur tu pae'urt wai ur
bwuuy [she could not bear to part with her boy]. Dev. Get thee
gone out o' my sight, Noll ! — I can't abear the daps o' thee,
MADOX- BROWN Dwale Bluth (1876) Introd. v. Cor.1 1 caan't
abear what I caan't abide; Cor.3 Abear, not always used nega-
tively : I don't knaw how thee cust abear un.
[OE. dberan, to endure, suffer. Although the word is so
widely diffused in the dialects, it apparently was of rare
occurrence in the literary language at a very early date.
The latest quotation for the word in Matzner is fromj the
Ancren Riwle (c. 1230).]
ABED, adv. Widely diffused throughout the midland
and southern counties, [abe'd.] In bed ; confined to bed
by illness, &c. Cf. slug-abed.
Com. If I is abed, its better nor being in bed-lam. CAINE
Hagar (1887) I. 31. s-War.1 se.Wor.' 'Ei^s a bed mighty bad,
uv a bwile a top uv 'er yud. Brks.1 If a lez a-bed o' marnins a
wunt never graw rich. Ken.1. Snr.1, Sus.1. Hmp.1 Dev. I were
forced to lie abed. O'NEILL Idylls (i892s, 87.
[You have not been abed then ? SHAKS. Oth. HI. i. 33 ;
I would have been abed an hour ago, ib. R. &*J. HI. iv. 7.
ME. Some wolde mouche hir mete alone Ligging a-bedde,
CHAUCER TV. £-> Cr. i. 915. The word occurs in P. Plow-
man B. v. 395, 417. OE. on bedde, Luke xvii. 34.]
ABEFOIR, adv. Obs. Sc. (JAM.) Formerly, before.
Sc. Abefoir is frequently used in this sense in ... Pitscottie,
i.e. Lindsay's (of Pitscottie) Chronicles of Scotland, 1768.
[A-, on + before.]
ABEIGH, adv. Obs. w.Sc. Also written abeech (JAM.).
Away, aside, aloof.
Sc. The wise auld man was blythe to stand abeigh, Auld Gray
Mare (c. 1707) in Jacob. Rel. (1819) I. 69. Ayr. Town's bodies
ran, an' stood abeigh. An' ca't thee mad. BURNS To his Auld
Mart. Kcb. The lasses turned skiegh man, They hid themselves
amang the corn To keep the lads abeigh, man, DAVIDSON Seasons
[Pref. A-, on + -beigh, the etym. of which is uncertain;
it may possibly be identical with Norse beig (beyg) fear.
(So N.E.D.) Cp. ON. beygr fear, beyeja to bend, bow, cogn.
of OE. bugan to bend, to yield, to flee.]
ABEIS, prep. Fif. Also written abies. [abrs.] In
comparison with OAM.).
Fit London is a big town abeis Edinburgh.
[Prob. Abeis=al-, att + beis, be as, to be as; see Beis.]
ABER, adj. S. & Ork. Also written aaber, abir.
[a-bar.] Eager, anxious.
S. & Ork.1 Anxious to obtain a thing. ShJ. Abir, eager (Coll.
L.L.B.). Aaber UAH.).
ABERZAND, see Ampersand.
ABEUN(E, see Aboon.
ABIDE, v. In gen. use in Gt. Brit, and Irel. Not in
glossaries of e.An. (Forby, Nail, Moor, Charnock) or Cor.
Also written aboide Der.a Freq. by aphaeresis bide, q.v.
[abai'd.]
ABIER
ABLINS
1. To stay, remain, tarry.
Sc. Abaid, abade; abode, stayed, GROSE vI79°) MS. add. (C.)
Gall. He abode to see what should happen, CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle
(1895) 45. e.Dev. Yeue. mai dove, that abaid'th in th' gaps o' th'
rocks, PULMAN Sag. Sol. (1860) ii. 14.
2. To wait for.
Sc. I wad e'en streek mysell out here, and abide my removal,
SCOTT Antiquary (1616) xxi. [Abide, [to] expect or wait for (K.).]
3. To endure, tolerate. (Used nearly always with the
negative.)
Per. The stour is mair than onybody can abide, IAN MACLAREN
Brier Bush (1895) 117. Ir. My belief is it's left something at the
bottom of his mind that he can't abide the looks of, BARLOW Kerrigan
(1894) 125. Nhb.1 Aa canna abide him. It is generally shortened
to Bide. Cum.1 I caa-n't abide sec wark. Yks. Yo' have a' the
cow's hair in. Mother's very particular, and cannot abide a hair,
GASKELL Sylvia (1863) II. i. n-Yks.1 e.Yks. Ah can't abide to see
yo' like that, WRAY Nestleton (1876) 52. Lan. I can't abide the chap,
FOTHERGILL Probation (1879) vi ; Lan.1 He wur soa ill he cudn't
abide. ne.Lan.1 Abode, Abidden, endured. s.Chs.1 It's noo use,
we shan ha' to abide it. s.Stf. Her could never abide red-haired
chaps, PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895). Der.2 I conna' aboide
hur. Not.1 s.Not. There's not many folk I can't abide, but her
I can't. Werkin' a Satdy's what ah niver could abide (J.P. K.).
n.Lin.1 I can't abide no bairns nobut my awn. Lei.1, s.War.1
w.Wor.1 Mother, 'er never could abide that thahr mon. Hrf.2, Glo.2
Brks.1 1 can't abide such me-un waays. Ken.1, Sus.1, Hmp.1 Wil.1
1 can't abide un nohow. w.Som.1 I never can't abide they there
fine stickt-up hussies. Dev. I can't abide the notion of lying in
my coffin in thiccy coarse black stockings, O'NEILL Idylls (1892) n ;
Dev.1 1 coud'n abide her vather, — a shoul-a-mouth'd, hatchet-faced,
bandy-legg'd wink-a-puss.
[Falstaff says, ' Never, never, she would always say she
could not abide Master Shallow,' SHAKS. 2 Hen. IV, in. ii.
215; Ye cannot abyde the hearynge off my wordes,TiNDALE
John viii. 43. OE. abidan, to abide, tarry.]
ABIER, adj. w.Som. [abia'r.] Dead, but unburied.
w.Som.1 Poo'ur saul! uur mae-un duyd uun-ee but tuudlrur dai,
un naew uur luyth ubee-ur [poor soul ! her man (husband) died
only the other day, and now she lies dead].
[A-, on + bier.]
ABILITY, s*. Sc. Oxf. [abi'liti.] Wealth.
Sc. Nobility without ability is like a pudding without suet,
RAMSAY Prov. (1737). Oxf.1 Gentility without ability is like a pud'n
without fat, MS. add.
ABIN, conj. Hmp. |abrn.] Because.
Hmp.1
[A- pref. (OE. §e) + bin, been, pp. of be. Cp. : You loiter
here too long, being you are to take soldiers up, SHAKS.
2 Hen. IV, n. i. 199.]
ABIN, v. S. & Ork.
S.&Ork.1 Or. I. Abin(G. P.); Aabin is to halve the sheaf between
man and beast (JAM. Suppl.}; Aabin, abin, to half-thrash a sheaf
before giving it to horses. The sheaf being held in the hands is
raised upwards ; then, by a sudden downward stroke, against
some fixture, the bulk of the best grain is knocked off (ib.}.
ABIN, see Aboon.
ABIR, sb. S. & Ork. ; cf. abin.
S. & Ork.1 Or. I. Abir, a sheaf thrashed for giving to horses (G.P.);
Aabir, aaber, abir, a sheaf of grain half thrashed (JAM. Suppl.).
ABITED, pp. Obs. Ken. Of linen: mildewed; of wood:
rotten, decayed.
Ken. Abited, mildewed, LEWIS /. Tenet (1736); Abited, GROSE
(1790); Ken.1
ABLACH, sb. Obs. Sc. (JAM.) See Aploch.
1. A dwarf; an expression of contempt.
2. The remains of any animal that has become the prey
of a dog, fox, polecat, &c. (Abd.)
3. A particle, a fragment (Rnf.).
Sc. An' a" the ablachs glowr'd to see A bonny kind of tulyie
Atweish them twa, SKINNER Christmas Ba'ing (1805).
[Gael, ablach, a mangled carcase, carrion, the remains of
a creature destroyed by ravenous beasts (M. & D.). Gael.
abhac, a dwarf (M. & D.). Ir. abhlach, a carcase ; abhac, a
dwarf, pigmy, manikin, a sprite ; abhach, the entrails of
a beast (O'REILLY).]
ABLE, adj. Sc. and all the n. counties to Yks. and Lan.
Also in Lin. Lei. War. Hrf. Rdn. Som. Also written
aiable ne.Lan.1; abable n.Yks.1 ; yable Dur.'Cum.2 Wm. ;
yabble Cum.3 Wm. n.Yks.2 m. and e.Yks. Lan. ; yabbable
n.Yks.2 See below, [e'bl, ea'bl, ye'bl, yea'bl.]
1. Of sufficient means, well-to-do, rich.
N.Cy.1 Able, wealthy : an able man. Nhb. It was plain as
a pike-staff that he wad syun be won (one) o' the yebbilist men
i' the country side, Keeltnin's Annewal (1869) n; Nhb.1 Obs.
Dur.1 Able, possessed of large pecuniary means. Cum.3 Yan o'
t'yablest men i' thur parts. Wm. A varra yabble man i heeh life,
CLARKE Spec. Dial. (1868) Jonny ShipparcCs Junta. n-Yks.1
Nanny B. is nane sae needful ; she's a yabble body eneugh.
e.Yks.1 Yabble, somewhat wealthy, ' Bob's a yabble chap ; he can
live wfoot wahkin (working),' MS. add. (T.H.) w. Yks. Able,
wealthy, an able man, Hlfx. Wds. ne.Lan.1 Aiable, wealthy.
ne.Der.1 War. (J.R.W.) Hrf. Able, a Herefordshire word
meaning wealthy, as 'An able man,' BOUND Prov. (1876); Hrf.1;
Hrf.2 Able, well-to-do in money matters. Rdn. Able, rich, well-
to-do, MORGAN Rdn. Wds. (1881).
2. Of objects: substantial.
n.Yks.2 A yabble pie-crust, one of substantial construction.
3. Able for, fit to cope with.
Ir. Ah, he'd never be able for the attornies, Paddiana (1848;
I. 28; (G.M.H.)
4. Fit, subject, liable.
Sc. If found liable or fit for being received at a college, Parish of
Mortlach Statist. Ace. xvii. 433 (JAM.). Cum. [He] is noo yeble to be
beggared if folks hevamind, LINTON Lizzie Lotion (1866) III. 116.
5. To spell able, to perform a difficult task in fulfilment
of a boast. (Cf. Amer. to spell baker.)
N.I.1 Can you spell able ? [are you sure you can do what you
are bragging about ?] Cum., Wm. A defiant rustic jeer, at boast
of future achievements, was, 'Thou mun spell yable, i'urst' (M.P.).
Hence Ableless, adj. incompetent, careless, listless,
awkward. Ablement, sb. (i) ability, mental power;
(2) bodily strength. Ableness, sb. strength, agility. Able-
some, adj. wealthy, well-to-do. Ablisb, adj. somewhat able.
w.Yks.2 A poor abeless thing. Lin. Abless, careless and
negligent, or untidy, or slovenly in person (HALL.). ii.Lin.'
Abless. w.Som.1 A plain-tee u ae-ublmunt baewt ee [a plenty of
ability about him]. [In pi. tools, gear] We should ha finished
avore we corned away, on'y we 'ad-n a-got no ablements 'long
way us. I 'sure ee, mum, I bin that bad, I hant no more
ae-ublmunt-n u chee'ul [strength than a child]. Saunvfeen luyk
u fuul'ur, sm-ae-ubl-nees baewt ee [something like a fellow, some
strength in him]. n.Yks.2 They're varry yabblesome. A yabblish
lot, people of wealth. ne.Lan.1 Rather able, of tolerable pecuniary
means. niin.1 He's an ablish chap for a little un, but he can't
hug a seek o' wheat aboard a vessil. Lei.1 Ablish, tolerably
strong. w.Som.1 U ae-ubleesh soa'urt u yuung chaap [an active,
industrious kind of young fellow].
[1. Able (wealthy), opulentus, COLES (1679); To be able
or rich, Estre riche, avoir dequoi, SHERWOOD (1672) ; It was
the child of a very able citizen in Gracious Street, PEPYS
(N.E.D.). 3. Be able for thine enemy, SHAKS. All's Well
\. i. 74. 4. A sowe, er [before] she be able to kyl, FITZHER-
BERT Husbandry (1534) 75 ; To fortune both and to infortune
hable, King's Quair, 1. xiv. OFr. able, Lat. kahilis, fit, able.]
ABLE, v. m.Yks. Written yabble. [yea'bl.] To enable.
m.Yks.1 Yabble, to enable.
[ME. God tokneth and assigneth the tymes ablynge hem
to nir propres offices, CHAUCER Boethius i. m. vi.]
ABLET, sb. Obs. Wm. (HALL.) The bleak, Leuciscus
alburnus.
Wm. On the auth. of Hall., but not found in any Wm. books, and
according to our correspondents unknown.
[Ablet (a local word), the bleak, a small river fish, ASH
(1795). Fr. Ablette, a little blay or bleak ; . . . Able, a blay
or bleak fish, COTGR. Ablette occurs in a Fr. text dated
1317; see HATZFELD, and GODEFROY Suppl. Fr. able, Rom.
albulum, means ' the little white (fish) ' ; so HATZFELD.]
ABLINS, adv. In Sc. n.Irel. and all the n. of Eng. to
n.Yks. and n.Lin. ; not in gloss, of Lan. Chs. Also written
aiblins Sc. N.I.1 Nhb.1 Lin. ; able, ablis Sc. (JAM.) ; aeblins
Wm. & Cum.1 See below, [e'blinz, ye'blinz.] Possibly,
perhaps.
Sc. She may aiblins hae been his honour's Squire Thorncliff's
in her day, SCOTT Rob Roy (1817) xviii; Kippletringan was dis-
tant at first 'a gey bit' ; then the 'gey bit' was more accurately
ABLOW
[8]
ABOUT
described as ' ablins three mile,' SCOTT GuyM. (1815) '• Abd. We'l
ablins get a flyte, and ablins nane, Ross Helenore (1768) 142
Ayr. O wad ye tak a thought an' men' Ye aiblins might, BURNS
Address to the DM (1785). Gall. Ye may aiblins come to a
mishap, CROCKETT Moss Hags (1895) 386. N.I.1 N. Cy.1 Yables
yeblins, yeablesae, yebblesee ; N.Cy.2 Yeable sea. Nhb.1 Wey
aa aiblins hed twee, or aiblins hed three glasses o' whisky. Cum
Aiblins I wool, and aiblins I woonot, LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 295.
Wm. Whya thull aiblin ma ha forgitten, GIBSON Leg. and Notes,
(1877) 66. n.Yks.12 I ablins might. ne.Yks.1 He'll aablins man-
nish. n.Lin. Aiblins I shall do it, bud belike I shan't, I really
doant knaw (M. P.) ; nXin.1
[Able + -lings (suff.).]
ABLOW, prep. Sc. [sbloir.] Below.
Sc. A troot ablow the big stane, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush
(1895) 141. Gall. I pat it ablow the clock, CROCKETT Stickit Mitt.
(1893) 67.
[A-, on + below,}
ABLOW, adv. w.Som. [abloir.] Blooming, in flower.
w.Som.1 The primroses be all ablow up our way.
[A-, on (the prefix of state or condition) + blow ; cp. blow,
v., to bloom.]
ABOARD, adv. Lin. Dev. Tabua'd.!
1. Drunk.
nXin.1 He's sum'uts aboard to-daay ; he could nobud just sit e'
his gig as he cum'd fra Brigg market.
2. Aboard on, up against, in contact with ; to be aboard,
to be in confusion ; to fall aboard, to attack, assault.
n-Lin.1 He runned aboard on me as I druv doon Ranthrup Hill,
an' I thoht he'd a' tekken a wheal off. Her things is ail-aboard.
Dev. 'Tez a glide job yu corned when yu did, or I shude a-valled
aboard aw'n in quick-sticks, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1893).
[1. Aboard, drunk. This means he has got more than he
can carry in the way of drink. The phrase was used to
me by a Bottesford labouring man who had just seen a
neighbouring farmer drive by, coming from market, who
had great difficulty in sitting in his gig. It may originally
have been a sailor's term, but is widespread now. 1 have
very often heard it, and there is no sign of its dying out
(E. P.). 2. Antiochus Epiphanes would often . . . fall
aboord with any tinker, clowne ... or whomsoever he
met first, BURTON Anal. Mel. (1621) 351 (ed. 1836). A-,
on + board.]
ABOIL, adv. Sc. Yks. [aborl.j Boiling, in or into a
boiling state.
Sc. Aboil, to come aboil, to begin to boil. By the time it [the
pot] comes aboil, Agr. Sun. Kincard. 432 QAM.). n.Yks.2 Com-
ing aboil, bubbling up. e.Yks.1 Is kittle aboil d'ye think ?
[A-, on + boil.]
ABOK, sb. w. & s.Sc. QAM.)
w. & s.Sc. Abok, Yabok, a name given to a gabbing, talkative, or
impudent child.
ABOON, adv. and prep. In Sh. and Or. I. Sc. n.Irel. and
the n. counties to Chs. Der. Not. Lin. In Wxf. and
sw.Irel. Dev. and Cor. the -n has not survived. Also
written abun e.Cum.; aboun Nhb.1; abune S.&Ork.1 Sc
Dur.1; abeun Cum. n.Yks. ; beun Nhb.1; abeune Cum8-
abeyun, abyun, byun Nhb.1; abuon Wm. & Cum.1; oboon
w.Lan.; abouDev.; aboo Wxf. w.Som.1 Dev. Cor. • abew
Dev. Cor. See below, [abu-n, abih]
1. adv. Of position : overhead; in the sky, aloft; up-
stairs. Alsojfcg-.
Sc. Aboon, above, MACKAY. Ni»Abin, aboon, above. w.Ir He
was murthered ... and threwn into the lake abow, LOVER Leg
,1848) I 40. Wxf.1 Aboo, above. N.Cy.i Aboon, abuin, above
overhead Nhb. She a'ways keeps maw heart abuin, WILSON
Pern's Pay (!843) 13; Nhb.1 Dur.1 Abune. Cum.1 Abeunn c •
S^T' TJ Abw°?' "'• N S'Wm- L°rd aboon knaws> HuTTON Via'.
Storthand Ams>de(^f,0} 1. 47. n.Yks. She's aboon ith Chawm-
ber, MERITON Praise Ale (1684) 1. 252 ; n.Yka.a Gang I'll aboon
f?K "^ VE- T;lark ^oon an' them below, BaimslaAnn.
(1862)7; w.Yks.3 The Man aboon. neXan. Th'Almeetv's name
re « raorcehdsrn ^ hoile than !t is up aboon' *™^*
rewts An I H ' 'I Dev' A dwalin drumble-drone i> th'
?!E^ abu°°' MAD°X-B*°WN Dwale Bluth (1876)
Abew, above, MS. add
ok v »
bk. iv. n.
^
thar- u > Peror o, g
than , fig. exceeding, higher than, superior to, beyond.
; above> suPerior to, higher
Sc. A mile aboon Dundee, Scorr Redg. (1824) ii. (Old Song);
As lang as our heads are abune the grund, ib. Midlothian (1818) xi.
Ga). Some buiks o' Tammas Carlj'le . . . hae garred ... a farmer
body lift his een abune the nowt an' the shairn, CROCKETT
Stickit Min. (1893) Trials for License. Kcb. Wi's bonnet trigg
aboon his ear, DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 15. Nhb. His flag abeun
us wis love, ROBSON Sng. Sol. (1859) ii. 4. Dur.1 Cum. A
girt flag Happen abciin his heed, DICKINSON Cumbr. (1875) 5.
Wm.1 It's clean away abooan Kendal. n.Yks.1 The Queen's
aboon us all. e.Yks. ' Nay, baya, that's aboon me,' said a mother to
her child, who had asked a question the mother could not answer,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889). w.Yks. A deal better nor some
'at reckons to be aboon me, BRONTE Shirley (1849) v. Lan. Set
hee aboon want or danger, CLEGG David's Loom (1894) xxiv.
e.Lan.1 n.Lin.1 If he duzn't feal paain o' th' turpe'tine aboon paain
o' th' inflammaation it'll be to no ewse. Dev.1 O dear me !
the bread and butter that many a poor soul woud a jump'd abou
ground vor, lied smeeching and frizzing in the vire, pt. i. 4;
I told en, but that whether a know et or no, that my dame was
abu doing ort in hugger-mugger, ib. pt ii. 13.
3. More than, exceeding in quantity or number.
Sc. He canna get it wrought in abune twa days in the week at
no rate whatever, SCOTT Waverley (1814) ix. Nhb.1 An' ower abyun
this band o' men, HORSLEY The Cuddies an' the Horses (1881).
Wm. & Cum.1. Wm. For aboon twenty years I hev duly tented
the flock of my allotment, HUTTON Bran New Wark (1785)
1. 20. n.Yks. Ah's abooii eighty year awd, TWEDDELL Clevel.
Rhymes (1875) 39. ne.Yks.1 There'll be aboon a scoore. w.Yks.1
He's gaan aboon two howers sin. Lan. Mark an' oi, an' abooii
twenty moor'ull be nigh yo, KAY-SHUTTLEWORTH Scarsdale (1860)
I. 168 ; Lan.1 Wheer hasto bin wortchin at? — I've druvven for
Owd Copper Nob aboon nine year, WAUGH Sancho's Wallet in
the Sphinx (1870) III. 90. sw-Lin.1 They'll not get aboun two
loads offen it. It's aboun a twelvemonth sin'. Not.2 The ramper
is not aboon a mile off. w.Som.1 Dhur waud-n beo- zab-m u-laf
[there were not above seven left].
4. In phr. Abune a', beyond reason ; aboon-a-bit, exces-
sively; aboon the breath, across the forehead; abone-broe, see
quot. ; aboon grees, upstairs ; to get aboon hands, to become
supreme, get the ' upper hand ' ; aboon with oneself; aboon
plum, drunk ; ower (over) and aboon, (i) entirely, alto-
gether, (2) into the bargain.
S. & Ork.1 Abune a'. Sh.& Or.I. & Sc. Abune a' QAM. Suppl.).
w.Yks. That pleased me aboon a bit, TREDDLEHOYLE Trip ta
Lunnan (1851) 7. neXan.1 T'meer dud kick aboon a bit. nXin.1
It raain'd aboon a bit last Brigg fair. Sur. Poor chap, thee do
look abon a bit hot, BICKLEY Sur. Hills (1890) I. i. ii. w.Som.1 Ee
gid ut tiie un ubeo- u beet [he gave it him above a bit]. Bwk.
Some o' thae hags they burn'd to dead — And some aboon the breeth
did bleed, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 59. Sc. Abone-broe,
aboon-bree, above water. Of a person in difficulty, or one who has
a very small income, it is commonly said, ' He can hardly keep his
head abone-broe ' (JAM. Suppl.). n.Yks.2 Aboon grees [upstairs].
They've gitten sair aboon hands [much beyond control} He's
varry far aboon hands [he has abilities beyond his teacher].
Cummer gat aboon hands on 'em [debt became their master].
Cum.1 Abeunn wid hissel, rejoicing beyond reasonable control.
nXin.1 Aboon plum, drunken. Yks. I isn't ower an' aboon satisfied,
WRAY Nestleton (1876) 50. Cor. Over and aboo, into the bargain ,
Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 421.
5. Comp. Aboon-head, (i) upper, (2) of the weather, &c. :
up above, overhead.
n-Yks.1 It wets aboon-heead ; n.Yks.2 They live in a boon-heead
•pot [an upper room]. niin.1 It's do'ty under foot, but dry aboon-
lead.
[ME. abuven (aboven), A-, on + buven, OE. bufan (above)=
be + ufan, cp. G. oben.]
A-BOOT, adv. Sc. Into the bargain.
Rxb. Aboot,toboot, the odds paid in a bargain or exchange (JAM.).
[A-, at + boot, q.v.]
ABOUT, prep., conj. and adv. In gen. use. See below.
abu-t,aba-t, abet, abetrt]
1. prep. Without ; to get about a person, see below. Also
conj. unless : usually by aphaeresis Bout, q.v.
w.Yks. Ah wor rairly off abaght it, TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla
Ann. (1860) 39; 'E's tekken t'dthrink w'ile 'e can't do about it
F. P. T.). Lan. Aw cannot tell lies abeawt aw say 'at he's a
pratty un, WAUGH Owd Bodlc 255. Chs.8 To get about a person,
s to get without him, to get rid of him. Stf.1 Abawt.
ABOUT
ABREDE
2. Nearly, almost ; of number, quantity : near to, ap-
proximating.
e.An.1 Is the horse worth £40? — Nothing about it. Is he a mile
off ?— No, nor about it. Nrf.1 Nrf., Suf., Sus. HOLLOWAY.
3. Upon (the person).
w.Som.1 Aay aa'n u-gairt u vaardn ubaewt mee [I have not a
farthing about me]. Dhee-s au'rt u ae-u dhu stik ubaewt dhu baak
u dhee [thou oughtest to have the stick (beaten) upon thy back].
4. For the purpose of.
w.Som.1 Dhush yuur haar-ti-feesh ul, ud'n neet u bee't lik geo-d
oal raat'ud duung, ubaewt gifeen voa'r uv u kraap wai [this new-
fangled artificial (manure) is not nearly as effectual as good old
rotten dung, for the purpose of securing a crop]. That there's
a capical sort of a maunger 'bout savin' o' corn.
5. adv. Unfinished, in process, on hand ; to be about, to
be engaged upon, occupied with.
Nhb. And what the de'il folks war aboot, WILSON Pitman's Pay
(1843) 113. n.Yks. About, in hand, in the doing, on hand (I.W.).
n.Lin.1 We'd a three-weaks' wesh aboot that daay. Chs.1 What's
Marydoin'? — Oh! oo's about th' butter. About th' beds [making
the beds]. Nhp.1 Applied to the domestic and other culinary
etceteras resulting from a pig being killed for family use : We've
got a pig about this week. War. (J.R.W.) w.Som.1 While the
harvest is about. Shockin hand vor to keep work about. Cor.3
What are you about now ?
6. Moving, esp. applied to the resuming of bodily activity
on recovery from an illness.
Lin.1 He will soon be about again. Not.1 Mester's a nice bit
better, he's getting abaout agen. Wil. Before the second child
died, two more fell ill on the same day. Only Abel and Jan were
still about, EWING Jan of Windmill (1876) xxv. Wil.1 My missus
were bad aal last wick wi' rheumatiz, but she be about agen now.
7. Near at hand.
Not.1 Lei.1 An' a shillinswuth o' arringes, if yo've got any abaout.
8. Intensive or otiose in about now, about right, about what,
and just about.
Wm. You're aboot right there, sir, WARD Elsmere (1888) bk. i.
vii. e.Yks.1 It's tahm ti set taties aboot noo, MS. add. (T. H.)
w.Yks. Abaht reight, BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865). n-Lin.1 He's a
straange good hand at tellin' taales an' hinderin' uther foaks walkin'
wi' lis>tenin' to him, an' that's aboot what he's fit for. Hmp.1 She
war just about mad. Wil.1 'Twer just about cold s'marnin. [Amer.
To do a thing about right is to do it well. I fell foul of the old mare,
and if I didn't give it to her about right, then there's none o' me,
that's all, BARTLETT.]
9. About nowt, good for nothing ; about of, 'bout house,
see below ; about what, the upshot of an affair ; all about,
(i) nearly, (2) in confusion, disorder, (3) lightheaded ; all
about it, the whole matter ; to be about, to stroll idly ; to
have nothing about one, to be useless ; to put about, to upset,
distress.
n.Yks. He's aboot nowt (I.W.). Glo.1 About of zixteen.
I.W.2 Bout house, on the floor or on the ground. Don't dro the
things'bout house. He up vist and I vound myself bout house.
Cum.1 They bodder't t'poor lad, for they wantit to git shot on him,
and that's about what, and nowder mair nor less. e.Yks.1 Maisther
bullyragg'd ma aboot nowt at all ; bud he wants te be shut o' ma,
an that's aboot what, (i) w.Yks. Ah've all abaht eniff apple-trees
i' t'gardin (^E.B.). (a) n.Yks. All about, scattered, in disorder
(I.W.). w.Wor.1 To think as the missis should come to see me.
an' my 'ouse ahl-about like this ! Hrf.2 Our 'ouse be all about just
now. Glo.1 All about, in a state of confusion. Hmp. I'm all about
the place [my house is untidy] (H.C.M.B.). w.Som.1 Dhai bee
ugoo' un laf' dhur dhingz au'l ubaewt [they are gone and (have)
left their things (i.e. tools) scattered about]. (3) War. (J.R.W.)
Hrf.1 To get all about in his head, to become light-headed ; Hrf.2
n-Lin.1 1 weant gie the anuther farden. so that's all aboot it. w.Wor.1
Thee canna go to-daay ; thee mun stop at oaiim, an" that's ahl-
about-it. Hrf.1 That's all about it. w.Som.1 Lae'uzee fuul'ur, ee-z
au-vees ubaewt [lazy fellow, he is always idly strolling]. Necf
uun-ee aay kud yiiez mee an-, aay sheod-n bee ubaewt [if only I
could use my hand, I should not be walking about idly]. sw.Lin.1
When a woman has nothing about her, it's a bad job for a man.
Not.1 I wor that put abaout I didn't know what way to turn.
10. Bide-about, (i) to loiter, (2) to be given to drinking ;
lie-about, drunken ; run-about, (i) adj. wandering, rest-
less, (2) sb. a pedlar, itinerant trader, a gossip, (3) v. to go
gossiping.
(i) w.Som.1 Leok shaarp-n neet buyd ubaewt ! [make haste, and
VOL. I.
do not loiter]. (a) Ee du buyd ubaewt maus aul dhu wik laung
[he stays drinking in public-houses nearly all the week long].
Dhai du zai aewe e-z u tuur^ubl luy-ubaewt fuul'ur [they say
how he is a terribly drunken fellow], (i) Aay-v u-yuurd aew
ee-z u tuurubl urn-ubaewt fuul-ur [I have heard that he is a very
roving fellow]. (2) Aay niivur doa'un dae-ul war noa urn-ubaewts
[I never deal with pedlars]. We be ter'ble a-pestered way urn-
abouts. Uur-z u rig-lur urn-ubaewt [she is a thorough gossip].
(3) Her do urn-about most all her time.
ABOUTEN, adv. and prep. Irel. e.Yks. Suf. Sus. Hmp.
[abe'tan, abetrtan.] About, in its various lit. senses.
Wxf.1 Abut, Abouten, about e.Yks.1 Abootan, around, round
about, MS. add. (T. H.) Suf. Obsol. Only in phr. as 'Abouten ten '
(F. H.). Sus.1 1 was abouten going out, when Master Noakes he
happened along, and he kep' me; Sns.2 Hmp.1 Abouten, about,
near to.
[ME. abouten, abuten, OE. a-, on-butan. Hence E. about,
which is merely a contracted form. Abouten occurs in
CHAUCER and P. Plowman (see SKEAT'S Glossaries).]
ABOVE, prep. Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. [abu'v,
abB-v.]
1. In addition to, after ; too much for, beyond.
Edb. Couple above couple dating the day of their happiness, MOIR
Mansie Wauch (1828) n. Lin. She had a sleeping-draught, but
the pain was above it (R. E.C.).
2. Above of.
Som. The 'urd rhoofs . . . peepen' above the apple orchards, an'
a bit o' the grey church tow'r rhisen' above o' them, LEITH Lemon
Verbena (1895) 92.
3. Above-a-bit, more than a little, exceedingly, to a great
degree.
Lan. I'm above a bit behind hand, GASKELL M. Barton (1848)
v. Chs.1 Eh, Polly! aw do love thee above a bit. s.Chs. ',
Stf.1, War.2 Wor. When we came out of church, it peppered
down above a bit, I fancy it rained all church-while (H.K.).
w.Wor.1 These 'ere bad times werrits me above-a-bit, thaay do;
I dunno w'at to do, no more than the dyud. se-Wor.1, s.Wor.1
Shr.1 'E fund as 'e'd got all the work to do 'isself, so 'e off wuth
'is smock an' went into it above-a-bit. Hrf.2 I like that man above
a bit. Glo.1, Oxf.1, Brks.1 Sur. You do look above a bit better,
BICKLEY Sur. Hills (1890) III. xvi. w.Som.1 Maister let-n 'ave it
s-morning 'bove a bit, but I widn bide to hear it ; I baint no ways
fond o' the vulgar tongue. [Aus., N.S.W. He could handle the
ribbons above a bit, BOLDREWOOD Robbery (1888) II. xvi.]
4. Above bank.
Nhb., Dur. Above bank — the surface, NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl.
(1888).
[ME. above(n), abuven; OE. abufan=on + be + ufan (cf.
G. oben).]
ABRAHAM, ISAAC, AND JACOB. Lin. A name
of Symphytum ojfficinale (N.O. Boraginaceae), as well as of
other plants having different shades of colour among the
flowers on the same stem.
n.Lin. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, Borago orientalis; n.Lin.1
Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, (i) the Garden Comfrey, Symphytum
ojfficinale, (2) Pulmonaria officinalis, (3) Borago orientalis.
ABRAID, v.1 [abre'd.] To reprove, upbraid.
n.Yks.2
[I abrayde one, I caste one in the tethe of a matter,
PALSG. 415. The same word as below.]
ABRAID, v? Cum. Yks. Lin. [abre'd, abrea'd, abria'd.]
To rise nauseously in the stomach.
N.Cy.1 Abraid, to rise on the stomach. Cum. Abraide, to have
the acid, LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 295. Yks. The grossness of the
food, as some say, upbraids him : properly it abraids, HAMILTON
Nugae Lit. (1841) 340. w.Yks. This term is applied to articles
of diet, which prove disagreeable to the taste, and difficult of
digestion, WILLAN List Wds. (1811). Lin.1
[ME. abreyden, to wrench, to start; OE. abregdan, to
twist, to draw a sword. The dialect sense is found in
ELYOT'S Castel of Helth : An appetite to eate or drynke
mylke, to the extent that it shal not arise or abraied in the
stomake (N.E.D.).]
ABREARD, adj. n.Irel. [abria'd.]
N.I.1 Abreard , the condition of a field when the crop appears.
[A-, on + braird, q.v.]
ABREDE, adv. Sc. and the n. counties to Yks. and
Lin. [abre'd, abrrd, abria'd.]
ABREDE
[10]
ABUNDATION
1. In breadth ; to spread abrede, to expand.
Ayr. Spread abreed thy well-fill'd brisket, Wi' pith an' power
BuRNs(ii&riTofiisAuMMare. N.Cy.1 Abrede, in breadth. Nhb.1
n.Yks.2 Quite full abrede [sufficient in breadth]. The wall was onlj
a brick abrede [a single brick in thickness]. ne.Yks.1 T'wall was
nobbut a brick a-brede (s.v. Brede). e.Yks.1 Abreed. n-Lin.1 Tlv
wall's nobut a brick abread.
2. In a loose or scattered manner ; spread or cast about.
N.Cy.1 Abrede, spread out. Dur.1 Cum. Sad wedder, an'
sea mickle hay liggan abreed (M.P.). Win.1 T'rain hes catch'd
t'hay abreed. Tha mun scale that muck abreead. n.Yks.1 [Ol
corn not yet shocked] When Ah passed i' t'moorn, 'twur liggin'
abreead ; but 'twur led afoore neeght. w.Yks.1 T'hay's abreed.
ne.Lan.1 His hay is o abrede.
3. Apart ; in pieces, asunder.
Rxb. Haud your legs abreid till I creep through QAM.). Cum.
T'pye-dish is flown abreed i' t'yubbem (M.P.).
[ME. a brede, on brede (CHAUCER) ; OE. on brcede, in
breadth.]
ABREDE, v. Sc. Cum. To publish widely.
Sc. Abrede, to spread abroad (JAM.). Cum.2 Abreed, to spread
or extend.
[ME. abreden, OE. abrcedan, to broaden, expand.]
ABRICOCK.s*. Chs. Som. [ea'brikok.] The apricot.
See Apricock.
Chs.13 Abrecock, an apricot. Som. (B. & H.); w.Som.1 Our
abricocks 'out be fit to pick vor another fortnight.
[Malus armeniaca is called in Greeke, Melea armeniace,
in highe duche Land ein amarel baume, in the dioses of
Colo Kardumelker baume, in frech Vng abricottier, &
some englishe me cal the fruite an Abricok, W. TURNER
Names of Herbes (1548), 52 ; The fruit is named ... in
English, Abrecoke, Aprecock, and Aprecox, GERARD
(1636) 1449. Port, albricoque, Sp. albaricoque, It. albercocca,
albicocca, Arab, al-burquq, Gr. trpaiKuKiov (Byzantine /3epi-
KOKKia, pi.}, Lat. praecoquum, early ripe.]
ABROACH, v. Yks. [abrua'tj.]
n.Yks. Commonly used in Cleveland (R. H. H.) ; n.Yks.2
Abroach'd, set afloat as a report.
[ME. abrochen, to pierce a cask so as to let the liquor
flow out ; also, to give utterance to. So in Allit. Poems,
i. 1122 : Then glory and gle watz newe abroched. OFr.
abrocher, to broach a cask.]
ABROAD, adv. Sc. Irel., gen. throughout the midl.
and s. counties, but not in gloss, of n.Cy. [abroad,
abrua'd.]
1. Out of doors, out in the air, away from home ; up and
about ; out to sea.
Frf. He was seldom seen abroad in corduroys, BARRIE Thrums
(1890) no. Gall. He went less frequently abroad, CROCKETT
Bog-Myrtle (1895) 236. Ir. God save you, Mrs. M'Gurk ; you're
abroad in great ould polthers, BARLOW Idylls (1892) 95. War.2
Drive them chickens abroad. Shr.1 That peckled 'en's al'ays about
the door 66th 'er chickens ; I wish 'er'd tak' 'em abroad awilde.
Glo. When a man's owld, . . . and can't get abroad as er'd used to,
BUCKMAN Dai-he's Sojourn (1890) ii. Brks. ' A farmer is sometimes
described as gone abro-ad when walking in the fields. e^n.1
Abroad, out to sea, outside the house. Suf. There's a rare waterpot
abroad [it was raining heavily] (C.T.). Sur.i We wants a torn
turkey very bad ; perhaps when you're abroad you may hear of
one. Dev. You don't mean, carrier, that you surmise it's the ' old
gentleman abroad, O'NEILL Told in Dimpses (1893) 43. Slang.
When a boy returned to school work after sick leave, he was said
to 'come abroad,' Winchester Sch. (L.L.S.)
2. Lying scattered, spread about ; in different directions
dispersed ; ail-abroad, in great confusion.
Brks.1 Corn or hay is said to be layin' abro-ad when scattered
about, and neither in cocks nor zwaths. Sur.1 Sus.1 Abroad, in
hnn' H°"S' a^ab°^ (&V- Abusefu"y) He threw abroad all her
shop-goods Hmp.1 Scattered. w.Som.1 Dee -ur, dee-ur! dhu
raayn-z u kaunreen, un aul dh-aay-z ubroa-ud [dear, dear' the
ram is coming and all the hay is lying loose1 and scattered!
draw they
3. In pieces, asunder.
Carria8e has
abroad.
ah™ a. Glo. The brim's broke
abroad m a please or two, look'ee ... but what I says is Never
buy no new un | wear th'owld un till the crownd draps' omon
un; wear un till the zides vail nbroad, BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn
(1890) iii. Dor.1 The vu'st time he [a wagon] 's a-hauled out
in the zun, he'll come all abroad. w.Som.1 V-utir u-teokt dhu
klauk ubroa-ud? [has he taken the clock to pieces?] Ees ! keodn
diie noart tiie un, voar u wuz u-teokt aul ubroa-ud [yes, (he) could
not do anything to it, until it was taken all to pieces]. Shauk-een
bwuuy vur braik ubroa-ud-z kloa-uz [shocking boy for tearing his
clothes to pieces]. Dev. 'Tez a bit ov mutton ; I've a bowled it
an' I've a bowled et, I've a chowed et an' I've a chowed et, me an"
my ole man tu, an' us cOdden git et abroad, chow za hard's us
cilde, HEWETT Pens. Sp. (1892) 62"; Jelly so stiff that if you were
to throw it over the house 'twouldn't fall abroad, SHARLAND
Dev. Village (1885) 54. nw-Dev.1 Abroad, in pieces. w.Cor. I ca-ant
mend this ' umberella ' afore its taken abroad (M.A.C.) ; I'll tear it
abroad, Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 421.
4. Open, apart.
w.Som.1 My head's splittin abroad. I.aur Jiin ! dhee frauk-s
aul ubroa-ud [law, Jane ! thy frock is all unfastened]. Dev. Yd
mid be zartin Brownie want val coming down hill. Dreckly 'er
veel'th 'erzel a-slipping, 'er spraddleth 'er legs abroad and stapp'th
dead-still! HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 126. nw.Dev.1 Abroad, un-
fastened, open. Cor. Why I never heard et at all, but I kept my
eyes abroard, FORFAR Kynance Cove (1865) 43 ; Cor.1 The door is
all abrawd.
5. Confused, mistaken, ' astray,' wide of the mark, esp. in
all abroad.
Nhp.1 All abroad, an expression used when any undertaking has
failed, and the person is at a loss what fresh steps to pursue;
equivalent to 'all at sea.' Mid. He isn't off his head, exactly, but
— you know that we all get a little abroad, when we lie on our
backs so long as not to know our legs, BLACKMORE Kit (1890) II. ii.
Cor.2 He's all abroad there. Colloq. All abroad, wide of the mark
(FARMER). [Amer. Abroad, confused, staggered (FARMER).]
6. Boiled, cooked, or squeezed to pieces, to a mash, or
liquid condition.
w.Som.1 Skwaut ubroa'ud dhu ving-ur oa un [squeezed his finger
quite flat]. Dhai bee fae-umus tae-udees, dhai-ul bwuuy -ul ubroa-ud
sae-um-z u dust u flaawur [those are splendid potatoes, they will
boil to a mash like a dust of flour]. Dev. ' Be they tatties a ctlked
'et?' "Ess.' 'Well, than, drain urn off or they'll be bowled all
abroad,' HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 55; Ef theyse yer tatties do
bowl inny longer they'll val awl abroad, ib. 45. w.Cor. The sugar
is gone abroad (M.A.C.).
[1. Abroad (in the open air, from home, or not within),
fan's, sub dio, in publico or aperto. As, they often sup
abroad, forts saepe coenanl. There must be a fit place taken
abroad, Idoneus sub dio sumendus locus. He lay abroad
all night, pernoctavit in publico, COLES (1679) ; I am glad
to see your lordship abroad (not confined to your sick-
chamber), SHAKS. 2 Hen. IV, \. ii. 108. ME. For thorw his
breth bestes wexen and abrode jeden, P. Plowman (B.) xiv.
60. 3. ME. His brayne fyl alle abrode, CAXTON G. Leg. 165.]
ABROAD Y, adv. Nhp. Oxf. A child's word for abroad,
out of doors.
Nhp.1 Come, let's go abroadey, or ' all abroadey.' Oxf.1 [Said to
children] Come an' go abroady along o' I.
ABRON, adj. Obs. Shr. Auburn.
Shr.1 'Er wuz a sweet pretty babby, 66th nice abron ar, but too
cute to live.
[This is a i6th-cent. form. Cp. A lustie courtier, whose
curled head With abron locks was fairly furnished, HALL
Virgidemarium (1597) III. Sat. v. 8. ME. aborne, OFr.
auborne, Lat. alburnus.}
ABROOD, adj. w.Som. Dev. [abroe'd.] In the act of
incubating.
w.Som.1 Uur zaut ubreo-d uur veol tuym [she sat on her eggs
her full time]. Dh-oa-1 ain-z ubreo-d tu laas [the old hen is sitting
at last]. Still the common word used. Dev. When tha ducks a
brood wis zot, NATHAN HOGG Poet. Let. (1847) 52, ed. 1865 ; Polly
ought til bring out 'er chicken tu-day ; her'th a zot a-brood vur
dree weeks, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 153.
[A-, on + brood.]
ABSENT, <K# Stf. Obsol. Intoxicated.
Stf. Monthly Mag. (1816) I. 494.
ABUD, see Aye but.
ABUNDATION, sb. In Chs. Shr. Stf. Wor. Hrf.
Glo. Also written bundation, Glo.1 Hrf.2 [abunde-Jan,
abBnde-Jan.] Abundance.
ABUSEFUL
ACCOUNT
Cns.1 Abundation. in frequent use at Middlewich thirty-five
years ago. s.Chs.1 There'll be very fyow (few) turmits this 'ear.
bu' we shan have abundation o' teetoes. Shr.1 Stf.1 Abundation.
a large quantity. Wor. PORSON Quaint Wds. (1875). Hrf.1, Glo.1
[A late dialect formation, composed of abund- (in abun-
dance) + the suffix -ation. The word does not seem to have
been used at any time in the literary language, although
the formation has the perfect analogy of inundation.}
ABUSEFUL. adj. Yks. Lin. War. Shr. Hrf. Glo.
[abiirsful, abiu'sfslj. Abusive.
n. Yks.2 Abuseful, insolent. m.Yks.1. iLLin.1, War. (J. R.W.),
Shr.1 Hrf.12 Abuseful, abusive. Glo.1 Abuseful, abusive.
Hence Abusefully, adv. in an abusive manner.
Sus. ' As my missus was a-going home a Saddaday night, she met
Master Chawbery a-coming out of the Red Lion, and he treated
her most abusefully, and threw abroad all her shop-goods.
[A late formation. Abuse, sb. +full. The word was not
uncommon in I7th cent, literature ; for instance, it occurs in
BARLOW'S Remains (1693) 397 : He scurrilously reviles the
King and Parliament by the abuseful names of Hereticks
and Schismaticks (N.E.D.). It must have been but rarely
used by later writers, for it does not appear in Gouldman,
Coles, Bailey, or Johnson.]
ABY, v. Obs. Sc. n.Cy. Also written abie, N.Cy.1 To
pay (dearly) for an offence, to expiate, atone.
Sc. I trust he should dearly abye his outrecuidance, SCOTT
Waverley (1814) I. 58. N.Cy.1 Ye shall dearly abie it,
[If I catch him in this company ... he dearly shall abye,
SPENSER F. Q. in. vi. 24 ; Lest to thy peril thou aby it dear,
SHAKS. M.N.D. in. ii. 175. ME. abyen, to buy, purchase ;
OE. abycgan.']
ABY, adv. Nhb. Wm. [abai'.j On one side.
Nhb.1 Aby, aside, that is, a-by or a-oneside. ' Stan' aby there '
is a familiar shout in a crowd when a way is to be cleared. Wm.1
[A-, on + by.]
ACABO, p/tr. Nrf. Suf. [ake'bo.]
Nrf. That would puzzle Acabo, COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893)
68. Suf. It would puzzle Acabo (F. H.). Slang. He beats
Akeybo, and Akeybo beat the devil, HOTTEN Slang Diet. (1865).
ACAMY, sb. adj. Sh. & Or. I. and w. & s.Sc. A diminu-
tive thing ; also altrib. diminutive.
Sh.I. Often used for a weakly young creature of any kind (K. I.).
Or. I. (G.P.) S. & Ork.1 Or. 1., w. & s.Sc. Acamy, applied to any
small, diminutive person or animal. Acamy, acamie, small, diminu-
tive (JAM. Sltppl.).
[Prob. the same word as atomy, a diminutive being ; so
in SHAKS. : Drawn with a team of little atomies Athwart
men's noses, R. &°J. i. iv. 57.]
ACANT, adv. n.Yks. [aka'nt.]
n.Yks. A box is acant when it is not level with the ground
(G.W.W.); n. Yks.2 Acant, leaning to one side.
[A-, ou + cant, edge, slope.]
ACAST, adv. Yks. [aka'st, ske'st] Crooked, twisted,
warped.
n.Yks.2 Akest, cast or twisted to one side. e.Yks.It's all akest,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 5° I e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.)
[A-, on + cast.]
ACAUSE, conj. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Der. Not. Lin.
Lei. Brks. Sus. Dev. [akcrs.] Because. Also in phr.
acause on, because of.
Nhb.1 He wadn't gan acas he wis (laid. He couldn't run acas on
his bad foot. Cum.3 For noute at o' else but acoase they think he
kens me. n.Yks. Akaws t'sup o' milk's getten scattert, TWED-
DELL Clevel. Rhymes (1875) 36. ne.Yks.1 Acoz. ne.Lan.1 Acos.
e.Lan.1 Ocose. Der. Happen I'm slow acos it's an owd, owd tale
wi' me, and you're quick acos it's a new story to you, GUSHING
Voe (1888) I. ix. Not1 n.Lin.1Acos. Let1 Acoz. Brks^Awunt
come acause thee bist yen Sus. Acus all de family be troubled
wud sich bad eyes, LOWER Tom Cladpole (1831) pt iv. Dev. Her's
a pining acause you be so long away, BARING-GOULD J. Herring
(1888) 325.
[A-, on + cause.]
ACCABE.zVz/. s.Pem. [a'kabl.] An expression of disgust.
s.Pem. Accabe ! there's a doorty owld shanty Maary keeps
(W.M.M.).
[Prob. of LG. origin, the expression being due to
the Flemish colonists in Pembroke. SCHUERMANS gives
(s.v. Aak) ake-puu ! The Holstein Idiotikon (s.v. Akkeu)
has akkefi.' akkefu ! an expression of disgust employed
by nurses to dirty little children. So alike puf in the
Bremen Wtbch.]
ACCASPIRE, see Acrospire.
ACCESS, sb. Sc. Nhb. Ken. Sus. Also written aixies,
exies Sc. N.Cy.1 ; axes S. & Ork.1 Ken. ; axey Sus.
1. An ague fit.
Sc. The cookmaid in the trembling exies, SCOTT Br. of Lam.
(1819) xi; Shiverin an' shakin wi' the trem'lin aixies, HUNTER
/. Inwick ( 1895) xvi. S. & Ork.1, N.Cy.1 Nhb. GROSE ( 1790^ Ken.
N. &> Q. (1885) 6th S. xi. 308. Sus.1
2. Hysterics.
Sc. Jenny Rintherout has ta'en the exies, and done nothing but
laugh and greet, SCOTT Antiquary (1816) xxxv.
[The access of an ague is the approach or coming of
the fit. ... In Lancashire they call the ague itself the
access, as 'such a one is sick of the access," BLOUNT (1670).
The word occurs as early as Chaucer in the sense of an
ague fit: A charme . . . The whiche can helen the of thyn
accesse, Tr. &-° Cr. n. 1316. Fr. acce's, cp. un acces defievre
(HATZFELD).]
ACCOMIE, sb. Obs. Sc. (JAM.) Also written accumie.
A species of mixed metal.
Sc. His writing pen did seem to me to be Of harden'd metal, like
steil or accumie, SCOT (of Satchell) Hist. Name of Scot (1776) 34.
[This word is a form of alchemy, used in the sense of a
metallic composition imitating gold, as if by the art of the
alchemist. In byrnist gold and finest alcomye, DOUGLAS
Aeneis xn ; Alkamye, metalle, alkamia, Prompt. ; Alca-
namy, corinthium, Cath. Angl. The form ockamy (or
occamy) was also once in use. Skinner says : Ockamy,
Metallum quoddam mistum, colore argenti aemulum, sed
vilissimum, corruptum a nostro Alchymy. Steele mentions
'an occamy spoon,' Guardian, No. 26; see NARES.]
ACCORA-EARTH, sb. n.Cy. w.Yks. ne.Lan. Also
written accorah- n.Cy. w.Yks. ne.Lan. ; acora- w.Yks.
[a'kara-iajj.] Green arable earth ; a field.
n.Cy. Accorah-earth, green arable earth, GROSE (1790) ; HOLLO-
WAY. w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781); LUCAS Stud.Nidderdale
(c. 1882) 228. neXan.1
ACCORD, v. Sc. Wor. Hrf. [ako'rd, aka'd.] To agree,
come to an agreement.
Sc. Proceed as we accorded before dinner, SCOTT Waverley (1814)
xix ; The Queen accorded with this view of the matter, CARLYLE
Fted. Gt. (1865) X. 57. w.Wor.1'Im an' 'er can't accard together
no waay. s.Wor.1 Hrf.2
[My consent and fair according voice, SHAKS. R. 6r>J.
1. 11. 19. ME. acorden, to agree : If evesong and morwe-
song acorde, CHAUCER C. T. A. 830. OFr. acorder.]
ACCORDING, adv. Wor. Glo. Som. and van dial,
[akoa-din, aka'din.] Comparatively, in proportion to;
dependent upon (in gen. use).
se.Wor.1 It's as much bigger accardin' as my fut is nur that
there young un's [it is as much larger comparatively, as my foot
is than that child's]. Glo.1 He's the biggest according [i. e. in
proportion to his age]. w.Sora.1 D-ee dhingk ee-ul bee ae-ubl vur
kau-m? Wuul, kaa-n tuul ee nuzaa'klee, t-aez koa-rdeen wuur
aayv u-fun'eesh ur noa [Do you think you will be able to come?
Well, (I) cannot tell you exactly; it is dependent upon whether I
have finished or not].
ACCORDINGLY, adv. Yks. Lin. [akoadinlai'.] In pro-
portion. See According.
n.Yks2. e.Yks.1 Thoos deean varry lahtle (little), an' thoo may
expect to be paid accoadinlye. This word is hardly ever heard in
the sense of consequently. w.Yks. Jack's tallest, but Tom's taller
(M.P.),
Oh, they're a lot cheaper accordingly. It's accordinglyas they do it.
ACCOUNT, in phr. Sc. Brks.Sus.Wil.Dev. [Sc.akirnt;
ake'unt.]
To lay one's account with, to assure one's self of, make
up one's mind to, to reckon on ; to make account of, to
value, esteem ; to set account by, to value ; to take account
of, to pay attention to, value.
Sc. I counsel you to lay your account with suffering, WALKER
C 2
ACCOUTREMENTS
[12]
ACLITE
Peden. (1827) 56 QAM.); You may lay your account with oppo-
sition, Scotic. (1787) 51. Brks. ' Most young men would have
been crippled for life by it.' 'Zo 'em would, the young wosbirds ;
I dwon't make no account on 'em,' said Simon, HUGHES T. Brown
Oxf. (1861) xxxiii. Sus. They don't seem to make much account
of parsons up here, sir, EGERTON Flks. and Ways (1884) 106.
Dev.3 I dawnt zit no account by 'n, 'e idden vit vor much. n.Wil.
She do take a turrible deal o' 'count o that viewer as you give her
(E.H.G.). nw.Dev.1 Doan ee take no 'count o' 'n, my dear; he
waan't aurt ee. I caan't tell ee 'ow many there waz ; I did'n take
no count o' min [i. e. I did not observe them closely].
[I must lay my account with such interruption every
morning, SMOLLETT R. Random, I. 176; To make great
(little) account of, magnifacio, parvi aut nihili pendo, COLES
(1679) ; Estimer, to set by, make much account of, COTGR. ;
Or the son of man, that thou makest account of him,
BIBLE Ps. cxliv. 3 ; A Icon in his rage Which of no drede
set accompt, GOWER C.A. HI. 267 ; I set it at no more accompt
Than wolde a bare straw amount, ib. u. 286.]
ACCOUTREMENTS, sb. pi. w.Cor. [aku'taments.]
Things strewn about.
w.Cor. Pick up your accouterments (M.A.C.).
[In SHAKS. accoutrements is used of a person's dress,
apparel : Point-device in your accoutrements, As You, in.
ii. 402 ; In habit and device, exterior form, outward ac-
coutrements, K.John, i. i. 2ii.]
ACCROSHAY, sb. Cor. A kind of leap-frog.
Cor.1 A cap or small article is placed on the back of the stooping
person by each boy as he jumps over him ; the one who knocks
either of the things off has to take the place of the stooper : the
first time he jumps over the boy says ' Accroshay,' the second
' Ashotay,' the third ' Assheflay,' and lastly ' Lament, lament
Leleeman's (or Lelena's) war ' ; Cor.2 MS. add.
[On inquiry of some of our Board School boys I learn
that here (at Redruth) they occasionally play leap-frog
with the 'pillar boys' arranged in two lines, boys starting
on each line simultaneously, and this they call ' Crossy,'
as my informants the boys say, from crossing each other
continually (T. C. P.).]
ACCUSE, ZA w.Som. [akii'z.] To appoint, invite,inform.
w.Som.1 Uvoar uur duyd uur ukeo'z dhai uur weesh vur tu kaar
ur [before she died she appointed those she wished to carry her].
Ee wuz maa-yn jul-ees kuz ee waud-n ukeo-z tu dhu suup-ur [he
was very jealous because he was not invited to the supper]. Dhai
wu zukeo'z uvoar an-, un zoa dhai wuz u-prai-pae-ur [they were
informed beforehand, and so they were prepared].
[Cf. Fr. accuser, 'signaler, rendre manifested 'J' accuse la
reception de votre lettre.' See HATZFELD.]
ACCUSSING, see Hackaz.
ACE, sb. Nrf. [e's.] In ace and douce, wholly, entirely.
Nrf. He baat the 'Merricans ace and douce, SPILLING Giles's
Trip (1872) 23. w.Nrf. Bate it ace an' douce if yow can find it,
ORTON Beeston Ghost (1884) 9.
ACELET, see Harslet.
ACH, int. s.Pem. In phr. ach upon you.
s.Pem. Ach upon you, LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 419.
ACHANCE, conj. w.Yks. [atjb'ns.] In case that, for
fear that, lest.
w.Yks. Achonce, in case that, Leeds (F. M. L. ) ; w.Yks.5 Let
me tak care on't achance tuh loises it. Tak t'umbrella wi' thuh
achonce it raans.
[A-, on + chance.}
ACHE, sb.1 Chs. Shr. Written aitch. [etj.] A sudden
pain or attack of illness ; paroxysms in an intermittent
disorder. Cf. access.
Chs.1 Hot aitches are flushings in the face ; fainty aitches are
fainting fits. [Also] Fainty haitches, slight indisposition ; Chs.2 ;
Chs a Used to express a paroxysm of an intermitting disorder.
s.Chs i.1 I ye had some despert bad feenty (fainting) aitches leet-
wheiles (lately). Hot aitches are flushings of heat. Shr1 'They
tell n me as poor owd Matty Roberts is mighty bad ' ' Aye 'er^s
faSinttin°atitcehesaitCheS ^^ SP""S *"' fa'L> ' du"na lik* these
[OE. cece, ache, pain.]
ACHE, sft » Cor. [ek eak.] A large and comfortless
place ; used of a room or house.
Cor.2 MS. add. [Perhaps a special sense of Ache1 (T.C.P.).]
ACHE, sb.3 Cor. [etj, eatj.] A plant-name, Bryony.
Cor.2 Ache, bryony. Ache-mor, bryony root, MS. add.
[In BRITTEN £ HOLLAND'S English Plant-names ache ap-
pears as the name of the three following plants : (i ) Apium
graveolens, L. (2) Ranunculus sceleratus, L. ; in Turn., Lib.,
from its celery-like leaves. (3) Fraxinus excelsior, L. ('This
seems to be its meaning in the Plumpton correspondence,
p. 188,' Hall.) The application of the name to bryony
seems to be peculiar to Cornwall. COLES (1679) has ache
for smallage (herb), apium. ME. ache, smallage ; OFr.
ache, celery ; Rom. apia (for Lat. apium}.}
ACHE, v. Ken. Sus.
1. To be weary, tired.
Sus.1 I am afraid you'll ache waiting so long.
2. To long for, desire anything.
Sus.1 Nancy just will be pleased, she has ached after a dole I
don't know the time when.
Hence Aching-tooth, comp.
Ken.1 To have an aching-tooth for anything, is to wish for it very
much. Muster Moppett's man's got a terr'ble aching-tooth for our
old sow.
[To have an aking tooth at one, Indignor, infensum esse
alicui, COLES.]
ACHE-BONE, see Aitch-bone.
ACHER, see Icker.
ACK, v. A mistaken form for Rack, q.v.
ACKADUR, v. S. & Ork. To persevere, endeavour.
Sh. or Or. I. Akkadur, to persevere (Coll. L.L.B.). S. & Ork.1
Ackadur, to endeavour.
ACKER, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. e.An. Also written aiker, Sc.
1. A ripple or dark streak on the surface of water, a
' cat's paw ' or ' curl.'
n.Cy. Sailors at sea name it when seen on a larger scale by the
expressive term 'cat's-paw.' The North-country peasant, how-
ever, knows it by the name ' acker,' implying, as it were, a space
ploughed up by the wind, Cornh. Mag. (July 1865) 34 ; N.Cy.1,
Nhb.1, ra.Yks.1, w.Yks.1 e.An.1 Aker, a turbulent current, a com-
motion of a river.
2. The break or movement made by a fish in the water
(JAM.).
[This word occurs in ME. in the sense of a strong cur-
rent in the sea : Akyr of the see flowynge. impetus man's,
Prompt. ; An aker is it clept I understonde Whos myght
there may no shippe or wynd wyt stonde, MS. poem
(c. 1500), quoted by WAY ; Aker of the sea whiche pre-
venteth the flowde or flowynge, impetus man's, HULOET.]
ACKER, v. Nhb. Cum. Yks. [e'kar, a-ka(r).]
1. To ripple, curl, as water ruffled from wind.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Cum. LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 295.
2. Of the hair.
m.Yks.1 The hair is said to acker when in wavy outline.
[See Acker, sb.]
ACKER, see Acre.
ACKEREL, sb. w.Yks. Not. An acorn.
w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. ; Ackerils [in Calder Vale], Yks. N. & Q.
(1888) II. 13; Ackeril was in general use when I was a lad, in
Halifax and district. . . . Not very often used now (Letters, per
S.K.C.). Not This word is still used (S.O.A.).
ACKERMETUT, sb. w.Yks. Liquid manure.
w.Yks.2 Ackermetut, Ackermetoota, Ackermantut : the word is
well known to old farmers about Sheffield.
ACKERSPRIT, see Acrospire.
ACKNOW, v. Obs. n.Cy. To acknowledge, confess.
n.Cy.Acknown, acknowledged, GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.1 Nhb.1
[ME. aknowen, OE. oncnawan.]
ACKNOWLEDGE, v. e.An. [aknolidz.] To give a
'tip.'
e.An.1 Acknowledge, to tip. Nrf., Suf. I hope you will acknow-
ledge me (F.H.).
Hence Acknowledgement, pecuniary gift, without re-
ference to services rendered (F.H.).
ACKWARDS, see Awkward.
ACLITE, adv. Rxb. Nhb. [aklai't] Out of joint,
awry.
Rxb. Aclitc, ackleyt, awry to one side (JAM.\ Nhb.1 Newcastle's
now a dowly place, all things seems sore aclite. For here at last
ACOCK
[13]
ACRE
Blind Willie lies, an honest, harmless wight, GILCHRIST Blind
Willie's Epitaph (c. 1844).
[A-, on + elite, q.v.]
ACOCK, adv.1 Yks. Lan. Glo. [ako'k.]
Astride ; Jig. elated, triumphant.
w.Yks.5 Acock o' t'horse. Acock o' t'bezom. Acock'n a raal.
Glo. To get a-cock of the house, and sit a-cock, GROSE (1790) MS.
add. (M.) Colloq. Ride acock horse To Banbury Cross, Nursery
Rhyme. All-a-cock, highly elated, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (M.)
Hence A-cock-horse, adj. triumphant.
ne.Lan.1
[A-, on + cock, a heap, a hay-cock.]
ACOCK, adv.* Colloq. To knock (a person) a bit acock,
to disable him ; hence, fig. to surprise, discomfit.
War.2 Colloq. I can remember axin' my feyther how it was as
some folks was rich an' some was poor. It knocked him a bit acock,
my axin' him that, MURRAY Nov. Note-bk. (1887) 259-
[A-, on + cock. Cp. cock used in the sense of an upward
turn, as in a cock of the eye, a cock of the nose, a cock of
a hat.]
ACOLD, adj. Won Brks. Cmb. I.W. Som. [akou'ld,
akoird.] Cold.
se.Wor.1 Be yer 'onds acaowd ? come ether an' warm um.
Brks.1 1 be a-veelin acawld. Cmb. (M. J.B.) I.W.1 Acoolde, very
cold. w.Som.1 I be a-cold sure 'nough z-mornin.
[A- (pref.10) + cold. This word is sometimes used as a
quasi-archaic word by the poets of the igth cent. : The
owl for all his feathers was a-cold, KEATS St. Agnes' Eve.
The word is best known from its occurrence in SHAKS.,
Tom's a-cold, K. Lear, HI. iv. 59. ME. Thus lay this pouer
in great distresse Acolde and hongry at_the gate, GOWER
C. A. in. 35. Perhaps the repr. of OE. acolod, pp. ofacolian,
to cool.]
ACORN, sb. Lan. Chs. Lin. Lei. War. Won Hrf. Hmp.
1. In phr. right as an acorn, honest, fair ; sound as an
acorn, without a flaw, free from imperfection ; a red pig
for an acorn ; a horse foaled by an acorn, the gallows.
Lan. Come, aw think o's reel an' square. Reel as a hatch-horn,
WAUGH Besom Ben (1865) i ; Lan.1 Lan. An' seaund as an achurn,
BRIERLEY _/<«£-o (1878)9. Chs.1 As sound as a atchern. w.Wor.1
' As sound as an ackern ' is a local proverb, applied to everything
from a horse to a nut. Hrf.2 Chs.1 A red pig for a atchern.
Slang. A horse foaled by an acorn, the gallows, GROSE Diet. Vulg.
Tong. (1811), (FARMER) ; As pretty a Tyburn blossom as ever was
brought up to ride a horse foaled by an acorn, LYTTON Pelham (1827)
Ixxxii.
Hence, of pigs, Yackery, adj., q.v.
2. Comp. Acorn-mast, acorns, or acorns mixed with mast ;
Acorn-tree, the oak.
Hmp. Akermast, a collective name for acorns and mast, WISE
New Forest (1883) 82 ; Hmp.1 n.Lin. Acorn-tree, Quercus Robur;
n-Lin.1, Lei.1, War.3
ACORN, v. Chs. War. Shr. Hrf. Brks. Sun Hmp. Wil.
Also written ackern War. ; yacorn, atchorn Hrf. ; see be-
low. To pick up acorns ; to feed on acorns. Usually in prp.
Chs.1 ; Chs.2 The pigs are gone o' aitchorning ; Chs.3 To go
atchorning is to go picking up acorns. s.Chs.1 I've sent the
children a-atchernin. War. (J.R.W.) Shr.1 The childern bin
gwun achernin ; Shr.2 The pigs gween a akkering (or o' aitchorn-
ing). Hrf.1 ; Hrf.2 Measter's got 17 on 'em out a yacorning [i. e.
pigs in the woods]. Brks.1 When the acorns fall pigs are turned
into the woods aaykernin. Sur.1 Pigs when turned out in the
autumn are said to be akyring. Hmp.1 The children be all gone
akering. Wil. The old country proverb, ' Ah, well, we shall live
till we die, if the pigs don't eat us, and then we shall go acorning,'
JEFFERIES Hdgrow. (1889) 65.
Hence Akering-time.
Hmp.1 Akering-time, the autumn, when acorns fall, and are
gathered.
ACOW, adv. n.Cy. Yks. Also written acaw N.Cy.1
[akair.] Crooked, askew, awry ; alsoyfp-.
N.Cy.1 n.Yks. Hisshoes is trodden a-cow (I. W.); n.Yks.2A-cow,
on one side, twisted. His mind's a-cow, he is crotchety.
[A-, on + cow ; see Cow, v.]
AC9UAINT, ppl. adj. Sc. n.Irel. I.Ma. [akwe'nt.j
Acquainted.
Sc. He is weel acquent wi' a' the smugglers, thieves, and banditti,
SCOTT Midlothian Xi8i8 xv. Inv. Acquent, acquainted (H.E.F.).
Ayr. John Anderson my jo, John. When we were first acquent,
BuRNsyoA;; Anderson. Gall. The lassie micht no be acquant wi'
the name. CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle ^1895) 173. N.I.1 I'm well acquant
with all his people. I.Ma. But James and me Was well acquent,
BROWNE Doctor (1887) 28.
[ME. aqueynt. With such love be no more aqueynt, Rom.
Rose, 5200. AFr. aqueynt. OFr. acoint, personally known.]
ACQUAINTANCE, sb. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo.
[akwe'ntans.] A sweetheart.
War.2, s.Wor.1 Shr.1 • Molly, do you know that Miss F — is
going to be married ? ' • Well, sir, I thought I sid 'er 66th an
acquaintance.' Hrf.2, Glo.1
ACQUAINTED, ppl. adj. Rut. Hrf. Nrf. [akwe'ntid,
-ad.] To be acquainted, to be ' keeping company.'
Rut.1 Acquainted, in the first stage of courting. Hrf.2 They've
been acquainted a good while. Nrf. Acquented with, engaged
to be married (E. M.).
ACRAZED, pp. n.Yks. [akri'zd.]
n.Yks.2 A-craz d, wrong-headed.
[From OFr. acraser (mod. e'craser), to break in pieces.
The E. erase is probably an aphetic form of acrase.]
ACRE, sb. ^Various dial, uses in Great Britain and Irel.
See below, [e'ka(r), e3'ka(r), ya'ka(r).]
1. Any piece of land, arable or tilled, a field ; chiefly con-
fined to names of fields, whatever their extent may be.
w.Yks.1 Acker, fine mould. Nhp.2 Fields of much larger extent
than an acre are called by this name, as Green's-yacker, Rush-yacre.
Nrf. Acre, a field, as Castle Acre in Norfolk (K.).
2. A measure of land, differing in various parts of Great
Britain and Ireland from the normal statutable piece of
40 poles long by 4 broad =4840 sq. yds. This variation
sometimes coincides with the different nature of the crop,
&c., which the land yields.
Sc. A Scotch acre commonly - 6084 square yards, ROBERTSON
Agric. in Per. (1799) (N. E. D.); The Scotch acre was nearly one
acre, one rood, two perches of Eng. measure, Libr. Agric. (1830).
Ir. 121 Irish acres do make 196 English statute acres, PETTY Pol.
Anat. (1691) 52. Wm. The acre [has] 6760 yards (C. D.). s.Lan.
Chs.1 The acre is 10,240 sq. yards, and is still in constant use
amongst farmers, especially in the northern half of the county,
and in s.Lan. Chs. land measure is as follows: — 64 square yards
= i rood (i.e. rod), 40 roods = i quarter, 4 quarters = i acre. Lin.
Among the customary English acres are found . . . 200 [perches]
for copyhold land (C.D.). Lei. The acre has 2308! yards (C.D.).
Wales. A Welsh acre is usually two English acres, WORLIDGE
Syst. Agric. (1681) ; In Wales different measures, theberw, the
stang, the paladr, are called acres (C.D.). Cor. [5760 yards] Libr.
Agric. (1830). Var. dial. An acre sometimes is estimated by the
proportion of seed used on it ; and so varies according to the
richness or sterility of the land, WORUDGE Syst. Agric. (1681)
321. Among the customary English acres are found measures
of the following numbers of perches— 80 or 90 (of hops), 107, no,
120 (shut acre), 130, 132, 134, 141, 180 (forest acre), 212, 256 (of
wood) (C.D.).
3. A lineal measure.
Not. Acre is 28 yards running measure (W.W.S.). ; Not.1 The
word ' acre ' is occasionally used by elderly men here instead of
' chain ' — 22 yards — for the measurement of hedging and ditching,
but it is not in common use, nor is it known as a lineal measure
by the majority of country people in this district. n.Lin.1 Acre, a
measure of length. An acre-length, 40 poles or a furlong. An
acre-breadth, 4 poles or 22 yards. Midi. Acre, a species of long
measure, consisting of 32 yards ; four roods, MARSHALL Rur.
Econ. (1790) II. Lei. Acre is 24 yds. running measure (W.W.S.) ;
Lei.1 In addition to its ordinary meaning, [acre] is used as a
measure of length in two distinct senses. In one it is equal to
220 yards : in the other it is equal to four rods of 8 yards, or 32
yards. In measurements of hedging, ditching, and draining it is
. . . used in the latter sense.
4. In his acres.
Cor.1 In his acres, in his glory.
5. Comp. Acre-breadth, see 3 ; Acker-dale, applied to
land apportioned in acre strips ; Acre-length, see 3 ;
-mould, finely tilled earth, see 1 ; -painting, easy paint-
ing of which a great quantity can be quickly done ; '
-stones, field stones, see 1 ; -tax, see below.
Sc. Wad Phillis loo me, Phillis soud possess Sax acre-braid o'
richest pasture grass. Pickcn Poems (1788) 104 (JAM.); Gillmer-
toune . . . being all of it acker-dale land. Somcrvills Mem.
ACRE
[14]
ACT
I. 168 (JAM.). N.Cy.1 Acker-dale lands, common fields in which
(Mill-rent proprietors Imlil portions of greater or less extent.
Nhb.1 Acre-dale or acre-deal lands, land apportioned in acre strips.^
nXIn.1 Acre-length. w.Yks.1 A nice birk at grew atop o' th
Ealand, on some acker moud ; w.Yks. Ah'm dewin' a bit o' acre-
p.-imiin' .KB.'. nw.Dcv.1 Acre-stones, loose stones, such as are
picked up in fields. n.Lln.' Acre-tax, a draining tax on the An-
cholme Level [for maintaining sea-banks].
Hence Ackery, adj. abounding in finely tilled earth.
w.Yks.1 Ackery, abounding with fine mould.
[OE. cecer, field + </«•/, a portion, share.]
ACRE, v. Sc. To make payment at a fixed rate per
acre the basis of any transaction, csp. to pay labourers
at this rate to gather the harvest in. Of a labourer : to
work under these conditions.
Sc. Acre, Ackre, Aikur, to buy, sell, let, deal, or work ... at a
fixed rate per acre (JAM. Sttf>pl.\ Bnff.1 Ma ain servan's arc nae
t'wirk at the hairst wark this hairst : a'm gain' t'ackre 'ta'. A'm
nae gain t'fec this hairst : a'm t'ackre.
Hence Acrer, one who acres ; Acreing, the act of
harvesting grain-crops at a stated sum per acre.
Bnff.1 Ackrer, one who undertakes to harvest crops at a fixed
sum per acre. Sc. Acrcin', Ackrin' (JAM. Suf>j>l.}. Bnff.1 Ackran.
ACRE, see Icker.
ACRE-A-BUNG, sb. S. or Ork.
S. or Ork. Acre-a-bung, fog grass, holcus mollis (Coll. L.L.B.).
ACRER, sb. s.Sc. A very small proprietor (JAM.).
s.Sc. The provincial name of acrerers, portioncrs, and feuars,
Agr. Sun. Rxb. 15 (JAM.).
ACRIMONY, sb. Lei. War. [a-krlmonl.] The deli-
quescence of putrefying animal matter.
Lei.1 The acrimony run out o' the jintcs o' the coffin all down me.
War.s
[The effect of the acrimony of the putrid blood, ABER-
NETHY (N.E.D.).]
ACROOKED, adj. Yks. Lan. Also written acreeak't
n.Yks. ; acreak'd nc.Lan.1 [akriu'kt, akrn'kt] Crooked,
twisted, awry, askew.
n.Yks.2 A-crewk'd. e.Yks.1 Acrewkt, askew. w.Yks. Thi billy-
cock's akrewkt ! (^C.B.) ; w.Yks.1 Acrook'd, awry. ne.Lan.1
[A- (pref.l°)+ crooked.}
ACROSPIRE, sb.1 w.Yks. Also written accaspire. A
kind of stone.
w.Yks. Accaspire, a sort of hard stone containing particles of
flint, Hlfx. IVtis. ; Accaspire, Acrospirc, Acklespire, Ochrcspire,
used in Halifax district, to denote hard nodules of unworkable
stone, occasionally met with in the rock of the lower coal-measures
from which the Yorkshire stone is quarried. Called Iron-stone
round Bradford (W.H.V.).
[Etym. unknown.]
ACROSPIRE, sb? Sc. n.Cy. Lan. Stf. Der. Lin. Nhp.
c.An. Also in the form ackersprit N.Cy.1 Der.1 Lan.1; acre-
spiren.Lin^Nhp.'Nrf^Suf.1 [a-kr3spaie(r),a-kaspaia(r).|
1. The sprouting of corn ; csp. of barley in the process of
malting.
Sc. When [barley] shoots at the higher extremity of the grain
... it is the acherspyre that forms the stalk (JAM.). N.Cy.1 Der.1
Corn shooting at both ends ; Der.2 n.Lin.1 The sprout of corn
before the cars come forth. Nhp.1 We restrict the use of this
word to the germ of barley in the process of malting — the chitting
or sprouting at that end of the grain from which the stalk rises.
>•. A II.1 Acre-spire, or Acre-spit, the sprouting or ' chicking' of barley
in malting. Nrf.1 The sprouting of barley. Suf.1 The sprouting or
chicking of barley in the process of germinating into malt.
2. Of potatoes or turnips : premature sprouting.
n.Cy. Ackersprit, a potato with roots at both ends, GROSE (1790);
N.Cy.1 The premature sprouting of a potato. Lan.1 A potato,
turnip, or other root, with roots at both ends. Stf.1 Akerspirl [sic],
the shoot of a potato. e.An.1 Acre-spire, or Acre-spit, the sprout-
ing or 'chicking' of . . . stored potatoes.
[1. Acherspyre, in making of Malt . . . Dicitur de liordeo,
ibt in praeparatione RVVTJS seu Brasii niniium, Sf ab utraque
extretnitate, gerntinat, SKINNER (1671) L 111 2. Cp. JOHN-
SON : Acrospire, a shoot or sprout from the end of seeds
before they are put in the ground (' Many corns will smilt
or have their pulp turned into a substance like thick cream,
and . . . send forth their substance in an acrospirc,' Mortimer
Husbandry). Etym. doubtful. Prob. spin repr. OE. spTr,
a spike, blade.
ACROSPIRE, v. Sc. n.Cy. Chs. Wor. Shr. Suf. Also
written ackerspier N.Cy.2; ackerspyre Chs.1; ackerspire
vv.Wor.1
1. Of barley in the process of malting : to send out the
first leaf-shoot.
Sc. Barley is said to acherspyre when it shoots at the higher
extremity of the grain, from which the stalk springs up (sec Come).
In the operation of malting, ... it shoots first at the lower end, a
considerable time before it acherspyres JAM.). N.Cy.1 For want
of turning, when the malt is spread on the floor, it comes and
sprouts at both ends, which is called to acrospyro. MORTIMER
Husbandry; N.Cy.2 Used when the blade in mault growes out at the
opposite end to the roote. Nhb.1 Cum.1 When the malting pro-
cess is too long continued and both root and sprout are visible, the
barley is yakkerspircd and injured for malting. Chs.121
2. Of potatoes : to sprout or put forth fresh tubers pre-
maturely.
w.Wor.1 Shr.1 I doubt the tittoes'll ackerspire wuth this wet
Hence Ackerspired, Ackersprit, />/>/. adj. having sprouts
or acrospires.
Chs.1 Potatoes are said to be ackersprit when the axillary buds
on the stem grow into small green tubers, as is often the case in
wet seasons ; Chs.2 ; Chs.3 The potatoes were very generally
ackcrspriL s.Chs.1 Shr.1 Potatoes are ackcrspired, when after
a dry season heavy rain sets in, and the super-abundant moisture
causes them to put forth new tubers, instead of increasing them in
size, thus spoiling the growth. Suf.1 Acre-sprit.
ACROSS, prep, and adv. Yks. Lin. Brks. Dev. Also
written acrass Brks.1 [akro's.]
1. prep. Of time : about.
e.Yks.1 He awlas cums across tea time.
2. adv. On bad terms, unfriendly, at variance.
e.Yks.1 Jim an me's rayther across just noo, MS. add. (T. H.)
sw.Lin.1 They'd gotten a little bit across. Brks.'Gaarge an' his
brother hev a-bin a bit acraas laaytely.
3. Hence, to fall, get acrass, to disagree, quarrel.
Dev. 'Why, pity on us!' said a little cattle-jobber with a squint,
' when folks who look straight before them fall across, how am
I to keep straight with my eyes askew ? ' BARING-GOULD Spitttr
1,1887) vii ; The two who have got across, ib.
ACROUPED, ppl. adj. Dor. [skru-pt] Crouched.
Dor. [The pheasants] are a-croupied down nearly at the end of
the bough, HARDY Woodlandcrs (.1887) I. ix.
[OFr. s'accnwpir, to crouch : Les poults s'accroupissent
pour dorntir.]
ACT, sb. w.Yks. A practical joke ; cf. act, v. 2.
w.Yks. Thowt he'd hcd a act, Dewsbrt Olm. (1865) 4.
ACT, v. Irel. Yks. Stf. Der. Not. Wor. Oxf. Brks. Cmb.
Suf. Ess. Ken. I.W. Som. Cor. [akt, sekt]
1. To do, perform (usually the action is of a reprehensible
nature).
s.Stf. Wot bin ycr actin' at wi my tculs? (T.P.) s.Wor.
F.W.M.W.) w.Som.1 Haul bee aa-kteen oa? [What are you
doing!]
2. Hence, to act mischievously ; to tease, play tricks ; to
act on (? of) /'/, to do wrong.
s.Not Act, to behave skittishly. A driver will say to a skittish
horse, ' Now then, what arc yer acting at?' (J.P.K.) Brks.1
Zo you bwoys hcv a-bin actin on't agin, hev 'e ? Suf. Don't act
[of a person, or animal, such as a horse, creating a disturbance
or acting in an unusual manner] (C.T.) ; Leave off acting with me
VF.H.). I.W.2 Act, to play tricks.
8. To set about any work.
nw-Der.1 Act, to ' shape ' or ' frame,' either (i) at a particular job
of work ; or (a) at the duties of a new situation or calling. How
docs he act?— O, very weel. Ess. Gl (1851).
•1. To behave in an affected or artificial manner; to
'show off.'
Hrf.a Acting (of children), showing off. Oxf.1 Thar Mary do
act, scnce "er 'a lived at Oxford. I.W.2 Dedn't he jest about .»•(.
5. To pretend, simulate ; to act lame, to sham lameness ;
in this sense in gen. use.
Brks.1 w.Som.1 EC aa'k bac-ud un zoa dhai lat un goo [he pre-
tended to be ill, and so they let him go]. [Of an old dog wliicli
was going along limping] He idn on'y acting lame; he always
do, hon he reckonth he've ado'd enough.
ACTIONABLE
[15]
ADDER
8. To act Dan' I, to keep one's own counsel, to ' lie low';
lo act about, to act oneself, to play the fool.
s.Stf. He could hardly help loffin' out, but he kep on actin Dan'l
all thru, PINNOCK Bk. Cy. Ann. (1895). Ken.1 He got acting-about,
and fell down and broke his leg. w.Cor. He was tipsy and acting
himself fine (M.A.C.).
Hence Acting, vbl. sb. ; gossoons' acting, children's play,
or ' make-believe.' Action, sb. unruly or ' skittish ' be-
haviour, pretence, conceits, see 2, 4.
w.Yks. Drop your acting, and come here (F.M.L.). s.Not.
A mother will say to a wilful child ' Stop that acting, and be off
to bed with yer like a good gell' (J.P.K.). Cmb. None of your
acting [rough behaviour] (J.D.R.). Oxf.1 Na then! lens 'a no
actin'. Ir. It's only gossoons' actin'. Suf. None of your actions
(C.TA Cor. He's like a merry antic full of his actions (M.A.C.).
ACTIONABLE, adj. Cum. [a'kjanabl.] Of a horse :
having good action, agile.
Cum. A nice actionable pony (M.P.).
ACTION SERMON, sb. Sc. The designation com-
monly given in Sc. to the sermon which precedes the
celebration of the ordinance of the Supper (JAM.).
Sc. I returned home about seven, and addressed myself to write
my action sermon, IRVING (,i(525) in OLIPHANT Life, I. xi. Per.
About the middle of the 'action' sermon, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bnsli
(1895) 57-
AD, see Od.
ADAM-AND-EVE, sb. [a'dam-an-iv.]
1. A name applied to several plants : (i) Aconitum napel-
lus (Nrf.) ; (2) Arum maculatum, Cuckoo-pint (Yks. Lin.
Lei. Som.); (3) Orchis mascula (Som. Dev. Cor.); (4) Pul-
monaria offidnalis (Cum. Wm. Hmp.).
(i) Nrf. Adam and Eve, Aconitum napellus. On lifting the hood of
the (lower, the upper petals appear as two little figures, (a) n.Yks.
Adam-and-Eve. The dark spadices represent Adam, and the light
ones Eve. n.I.in.1 Lei.1 Adam and Eve, lords and ladies, the
flower of the Arum maculatum. w.Som.1 (3) Ib. Adam and Eve,
the plant wild orchis — O. mascula. Dev. Adam and Eve, the male
and female-handed orchis, if I conceive rightly, Monthly Mag.
(1808) II. 421. Cor. The dark flower-spikes represent Adam, and
the pale ones Eve. w.Cor. (M.A.C.) (4) Cum. Adam-and-Eve,
Pulmonaria offidnalis ; from the two-coloured flowers. Wm.1 The
flowers are red and blue, and the country folk call the red Adam
and the blue Eve. Hmp. Lungwort, called Adam-and-Eve by gipsies
and others about the New Forest, no doubt from the two colours
in its flowers (G. E.D.).
2. The tubers of Orchis maculata (Yks. Lan. I.Ma. Nhp.) ;
the tubers of Orchis mascula (?) (Nhb.).
w.Yks.1 Adam and Eve, the bulbs of Orchis maculata, which have
a fancied resemblance to the human figure. One of these floats in
the water, which nourishes the stem, the other sinks and bears the
bud for the next year. ne.Lan.1 I.Ma. The tubers of O. maculata
(spotted orchis). Nhp.1 The two bulbs of the O. maculata, one of
which nourishes the existing plant, the other the succeeding one.
Nhb.1 Adam and Eve, the tubers of O. latifolia; the tuber which sinks
being Adam and that which swims being Eve. Cain and Abel is
another name for these tubers, Cain being the heavy one, JOHNSTON
Bot. f. Bord. (1853) 193. (Prob. meant for O. mascula, B. & H.)
3. A particular pair of legs in a shrimp (Lin. Wor. Ess.).
nXin.1 Adam and Eve, a particular pair of legs in a shrimp, so
called from a fancied resemblance to two human figures standing
opposite to one another. Wor. (J. W.P.) Ess. There's an Adam
and Evein every brown shrimp, BARING-GOULD Mehalah( 1885) 296.
ADAM'S ALE, sb. Dial, slang in gen. use. [a'damz-el,
-eal.] Water.
Var. dial. HOLLOWAY.
[A Rechabite poor Will must live, And drink or Adam's
ale, PRIOR Wandering Pilgrim (DAV.).]
ADAM'S FLANNEL, sb. [a'damz-nanil.] A plant-
name applied to (i) Dipsacus sylvestris (Lei.) ; (2) Ver-
bascum thapsus (Yks. Chs. Lin. Nhp. War.).
Lei. Adam's flannel, teasel. (2) w.Yks.1 Adam's flannel, white
mullein, Verbascum thapsus. It may have obtained this name from
the soft white hairs with which the leaves are thickly clothed on
both sides. Chs.1 3, nXin.1 Nhp.1 Adam's flannel, great mullein.
War. (J.R.W.)
ADAM'S NEEDLE, sb. Nhb. [a'damz-nidl.] A plant-
name : Scandix pecten veneris, so called from the long
needle-like fruits.
Nhb.1 Edom's needle, Adam's needle, or Shepherd's needle, the
Srandix pecten veneris. Called also Witch's needle, and Deil's
darnin needle.
ADAM'S WINE, sb. Dial, slang in gen. use. [ a'domz-
wain.] Water. A cant phrase for water as abeverage (JAM.).
n-Lin.1 w.Som.1 Adam's wine, water, never called Adam's ale.
ADAPTED, ppl. adj. Hmp. [adae'ptad.] Accustomed
to, experienced.
Hmp.1 A man adapted to pigs, i.e. experienced in the breeding
and care of swine.
AD ASHED, ppl. adj. Yks. [ada-Jt.] Put to shame.
m.Yks.1 1 felt fair [quite] adashed.
[Adashed, ashamed, COLES (1677).]
ADAWDS, adv. Obs. Yks. Also written adauds. In
pieces.
Yks. ' To rive all adauds,' to tear all in pieces (K.). n.Yks. Ise
seaur weese rive up all adawds, MERITON Praise Ale ( 1684) 1. 104.
[A-, on + daw d, q.v.]
A-DAYS, adv. Obs. e.An. and var. dial. At present,
nowadays.
e.An.1 Flour sells cheap a-days. I seldom see Mr. Smith a-days ;
e.An.2 I never heard this word used, as given by Forby, in either
Norfolk or Suffolk. Var. dial. A-days, now, abbreviation of now-
a-days, HOLLOWAY.
[In TOONE (1834) s.y. A, the word adays is cited among
other words containing the pref. a-, in which it is still
retained by the vulgar.]
ADBUT, see Headbut.
ADDER, sb. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin. Shr.
Wil. Cor. Also written ather, edder, ether ; see below,
[a'da(r), also e'da(r), etSa(r).]
1. In dial., besides the usual meaning of adder, the use of
the word is extended to any kind of snake.
Shr.2 Edder, ether, of general application for any kind of snake.
Comp. Adder-bead, the stone supposed to be formed by
adders (JAM.) ; -broth, broth made from the flesh of an
adder; -pike, the fish Trachinus vipera : (CD.) ; -stone, a
perforated stone (see below) ; -stung, bitten by an adder ;
-thing, a serpent.
Dmf. [Adders are said to] assemble to the amount of some hun-
dreds in a certain time of summer, to cast off their sloughs and
renew their age. They entwist and writhe themselves among
each other until they throw off their last year's sloughs, half
melted by their exertions. These are collected and plastered over
with frothy saliva, and again wrought to and fro till they are con-
densed and shaped into an adder bead, Rem. Nithsdale Sng. m
(JAM.). nXin.1 Hetherd-broth, a broth made of the flesh of an
adder boiled with a chicken. A specific for consumption. It was
till about fifty years ago the custom for certain wanderers to come
yearly during the hot weather of summer from the West Country
(q.v.) to search on the sand-hills for hetherds which they said they
sold to the doctors for the purpose of making hetherd-broth. Sc.
Adder-stane, the same as adder-bead (JAM.). The glass amulets or
ornaments are, in the Lowlands of Scotland, called adder-stanes,
TOLAND Hist, of Druids (ed. 1814) Lett. I. § 16 (JAM.). Rnf. [A
family was] in possession of a so-called adder-stone and four
Druidical beads, some of which, or all conjunctively, had been
efficacious in curing various complaints, but more particularly those
in cattle. . . .[The adder-stone] is not unlike, in form and size, to
the whorls which, in conjunction with the distaff, were, only a
century or two ago, in general use in spinning yarns, ./V. &Q. (1873)
4th S. ix. 155. N.Cy.1 Adder-stone, also called self-bored stone;
a perforated stone — the perforation imagined by the vulgar to be
made by the sting of an adder. Nhb. A charm'd sword he wears,
Of adderstone the hilt, RICHARDSON Borderer's Table-bk. (1846)
VII. 164 ; Nhb.1 Adder-styen, a stone with a hole through it [hung
behind doors and in fishing boats as a charm]. And vain Lord
Soulis's sword was seen, Though the hilt was adderstone, The
Cout of Keeldar. n.Yks.2 Addersteeans, the perforated fragments
of grey alum shale, the round holes [of which] tradition assigns to
the sting of the adder. As lucky stones they are hung to the
street door-key, for prosperity to the house and its inmates, just
as the horse-shoe is nailed at the entrance for the same purpose.
Suspended in the stables, as are also the holed flints that are met
with, they prevent the witches riding the horses, and protect the
animals from illness. nXin.1 Hetherd-stone, that is, an adder-
stone, an ancient spindle-whorl. It is still believed that these
objects are produced by adders, and that if one of them be sus-
pended around the neck it will cure whooping-cough, ague, and
ADDER-AND-SNAKE PLANT
[16]
ADDLE
adder bites. Hetherd-stung, bitten by an adder. When a swelling
suddenly arises upon any animal without the cause being known
it is said to be hetherd-stung. Hedgehogs and shrews are also
said to bite animals and produce all the symptoms of the • sting'
of the hetherd. Dur. She let some kind ov an etherthing venom
'er, EGGLESTONE Betty Podkins' Let. (1877) 8.
[Adder-stung, said of cattle when stung with venomous
reptiles, as adders, scorpions, or bit by a hedge-hog or
shrew, BAILEY (1721).]
2. A slow-worm.
Wil. It is curious that in places where blindworms are often seen
their innocuous nature should not be generally known. They are
even called adders sometimes, JEFFERIES Hdgrow. (1889) 201.
3. A newt.
Cor.1 The newt is so called in the neighbourhood of St. Mellion
[e.Cor.] ; Cor." MS. add.
4. A dragon-fly, or large fly ; also called flying adder, &c.
N.Cy.1 Tanging-nadder. Nhb.1 The dragon-fly is called Bull
ether, or Fleein ether, flying adder. m.Yks.1 Ether, a large light
kind of fly. eXan.1 Edther, the dragon-fly.
Comp. Ather-bill, Adder-bolt, -cap, the dragon-fly ;
-feeder, the gad-fly ; -fly (C.D.), -spear, the dragon-fly ;
Ether's mon, -nild, a large, long-bodied dragon-fly.
Cld. Ather-bill (JAM.). Lan. A chapter on the natural history
uv cockroaches, edderbowts, un crickets, STATON B. Shuttle Boviton,
64 ; Lan.1 It'll sting like an edder-bout. Chs.1 Edther Bowt, the
dragon-fly. Fif. Ather-, or natter-cap, the name given to the dragon-
fly (JAM.). Chs.1 Edder feeder, a common name for the gad-fly.
[The ploughboy next knocked down what he called a •' gurt adder-
spear,' that is, a dragon-fly, Standard (Aug. 23, 1887) 3.] Shr.1 It
is believed that this dragon-fly [ Cordulegnster annulatus\ indicates
by its presence the vicinity of the adder, whence its local names
— Ether's-mon and Ether's-nild [needle].
ADDER-AND-SNAKE PLANT, sb. n.Dev. Silene in-
flafa (Bladder Campion).
ADDERCOP, see Attercop.
ADDER'S FERN, sb. Hmp. Pofypodium vulgare.
Hmp. It will be observed that most of the plants connected with
the adder appear in spring, when snakes are most generally seen ;
Hmp.1 Adder's-fern, the common polypody ; so called from its rows
of bright spores.
ADDER'S FLOWER, sb. The name given to (i) Lychnis
diurna (Hrt.) ; (2) Orchis mascula (Hmp.).
(2) Hmp. O. mascula, early purple orchis, probably from the
spotted leaves (G.E.D.).
ADDER'S GRASS, sb. The name given to (i) Orchis
maculata (Nhb.) ; (2) Orchis mascula (Nhb. Chs.).
Nhb.1 Adder-grass, the spotted orchis, O. maculata ; called also
Hens, Hen's-kames, and Deed-man's Hand. (2) Chs.1 The orchis
which Gerard distinguishes as adder's grass is O. mascula; Chs.3
ADDER'S MEAT, sb. A name given to several plants,
most of which are poisonous : (i) Arum maculatum (Dev.
Cor.); (2) Mercurialis perennis (Hrt.); (3) Stellaria holostea
(Cor.) ; (4) Tamus communis (Som. Dev.) ; (5) a kind of
fern (Som.).
(i) Dev.4 Adder's meat, Ammmaculatum, applied, not to thespathe
in its early stages, but when the bright red colour of the berries
shows itself. The same name is applied to other red berries .
regarded, whether correctly or otherwise, as being poisonous ; as
for example the fruit of Tamus communis. (5)Som. Fern, commonly
known as Adder's meat, and accordingly feared and avoided bv
country children, PULMAN Sketches (1842).
ADDER'S POISON, sb. Dev. Tamus communis.
n.Dev. Adder's poison, Black Briony. Dev.4
ADDER'S SPEAR, sb. Sur. Sus. Ophioglossumvulgatum.
Sur. & Sus. Adders-spear ointment is made from it in parts of
Sur. and Sus.
ADDER'S SPIT or ADDER-SPIT, sb. The name given
to (i) Pteris aquilina (Sus.) ; (2) Stellaria holostea (Cor.).
ADDER'S TONGUE, sb. Also written edder- Cum. The
name given to several plants : (i) Arum maadatum (Som
SwU (2) G%a?ium Robertianum (Ess.) ; (3) Listera ovata
( Wil.) ; (4) Ophtoglossum vulgatum (Cum. Dev.) ; (5) Orchis
mascula (Chs.) ; (6) Pteris aquilina (Brks.) ; (7) Sagittaria
sagtttifoha (Dev.) ; (8) Scolopendrium vulgare (Dor. Dev.).
w.Som.1 Adder's tongue, wild arum, A. maculatum. (3) Wil The
Tway-blade is at Farley Adder's tongue, Sarum Dioc. Gas. (Jan
1891) 14, col. 2; WiUAdder's-tongue.LKifcra ovata, Twayblade."
(4) Cum. Edder's-tongue, Ophioglossum vulgatum. Dev.* (5) Chs.1
(6) Brks.1 The leaf of the common bracken. (7) Dev.* The old
people say that a cupful of tea every day made of nine leaves of
this plant [Sagittaria sagittifolia] ... is a good strengthening
medicine. (8) Dor. Adder's tongue, Scolopendrium vulgare, Hart's-
tongue (G.E.D.). Dev.*
ADDER WORT, sb. Wil. [ae'dawat]
Wil.1 Adderwort, Polygonum bistorta, bistort.
ADDICK, sb. Som. Dev. [ae'dik.] Adder.
w.Som.1 Whether this means adder or haddock, or what besides,
I do not know, but it is the deafest creature known. ' Su dee-f-s
u ad'ik'is the commonest superlative of deaf. n.Dev. Thart so
deeve as a haddick in chongy weather, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 123.
nw.Dev.1 Deeve's a addick.
ADDLE, sb.1 and adj. Sc. and widely diffused throughout
the Eng. dial. See below, [a'dl, Nhb. ; also ya'dl, e'dl.j
1. sb. Putrid or stagnant water : usually in comp. Addle-
dub, -gutter, -pool, see below.
Sc. Adill, Addle, foul and putrid water (JAM.); Aidle, ditch-
water, MACKAY. Ayr. Then lug out your ladle, Deal brimstone
like adle. And roar every note of thedamn'd, BURNS Kirk's Alarm
(1787). Nhb.1 Eddie, putrid water [applied specially to the liquid
manure drained from a dunghill (R.O.H.)]. Sc. Addle-dub, a
hole full of foul putrid liquid. He kens the loan frae the crown
o' the causey as weel as the duck does the midden hole frae
the addle-dub, HENDERSON Prav. (1832) 76, ed. 1881. Dev.1 The
ale was worse, ... a had as leve drink the addle-gutter, ii. 13.
nw.Dev.1 Addle-gutter, a stagnant or putrid gutter or pool ; [as in]
Addle-gutter mud. s.Pem. Addley pulke, a stagnant pool, LAWS
Little Eng. (1888) 419. s.Cy. Addle-pool, a pool or puddle near a
dunghill, for receiving the fluid from it (HALL.). Cor. They carr'ed
Nick hum . . . and thrawed un in the addle pool, TREGELLAS Tales
(1868)88; Cor.12 Addle-pool, a cesspool.
2. Cf. addle, v.1 B.
Rnf. The urine of black cattle (JAM.).
3. An abscess containing pus, a swelling, tumour; a blister.
Som. Addle, a swelling with matter in it, JENNINGS Obs. Dial.
w.Eng. (1825) ; It all come up in addles [blisters] (G.S.). w.Som.1
Ee-vu-gaut u guurt ad-1 pun uz nak, su beg-z u ain ag [he has a great
tumour on his neck as large as a hen's egg].
4. adj. Rotten, putrid, esp. applied to a decayed or
barren egg ; cf. 1.
Cld. Addle, foul, applied to liquid substances (JAM.). Lan. Addle,
rotten, DAVIES Races (1856) 226. Shr.1 I've 'ad despert poor luck
66th my 'en's this time. I set three 66th duck eggs an' two 66th
thar own ; an' three parts on 'em wun aidle. Hrf.2 I be most
afeared as the eggs be all adle. Ken.2 Sus.1 Eddel, rotten.
5. Fig. Weak in intellect, confused : esp. in comp. Addle-
cap, -head, -headed, -pate, -pated.
Ken.1 My head's that adle, that I can't tend to nothin'. e.Sus.
Adle. weak orgiddyinthe head. I am very adle to-day, HOLLOWAY.
Hmp.1 Addle, stupid. Slang. Addle cove, a foolish man, an easy
dupe, FARMER. n-Lin.1 Addle-cap, Addle-head, a weak, silly
person. He's such a waffy addle-head, he duzn't knaw blew fra
red. w.Som.1 Addle-head. N.Cy.1 Addle-headed. e.Yks.1 Addle-
heeaded, of obtuse intellect. ne.Lan.1 Chs.1 He's a addle-yedded
think. Der.2 War.(J.R.W-) Brks.1 Sus.1 He's an adle-headed
fellow. w.Som.1, Dev.1 Wm. My addle paate, HUTTON Bran New
Wa> k (1785)!. 88. nXln.1 Addle-pate. Cor." Dev.1 Addle-pated,
doltish, thickheaded.
[1. OE. adela, liquid filth, foul water ; cf. G. adel, mire,
puddle. 2. Cf. OSw. adel in ko-adel, cow-urine. 5. Cf.
HOOKER: Concerning his preaching their very by-word
was Aoyos (t;ovd(vr)/j.eiios, addle speech, empty talk, Eccl.
Pol. in. 101 ; Thy head hath bin beaten as addle as an
egge for quarreling, SHAKS. R. &>J. (159
ADDLE, adj. Hrf. e.An. Ken. Sur. S
1. Ailing, unwell.
e.An. Adle, unwell (HALL.). Ken.1 Adle. Sus.1 Adle, slightly
unwell. My little girl seemed rather adle this morning, so I kep'
her at home from school.
2. Tumble-down, loose, shaky.
Hrf. Adle, loose, shaky, applied to a paling (W.W.S.). e.An.
Adle, unsound (HALL.). Ken. The word is used to denote anything
that is in a ricketty or shaky condition. Dat waggin be turrbul adle
(P.M.). Sur.1 Adle, weak, shaky, said of a fence the posts or
pales of which have become loose. You shan't have that idle thing
i.e. an old gate] any longer (s.v. Idle).
[OE. Ml, MLG. adel, disease.]
2) in. i. 25.]
[ae-dl.]
ADDLE
ADLAND
ADDLE, si.2 Nhb. w.Yks. [a'dl, e'dl.] Earnings, wages,
usually with in ; in good addle, receiving good wages.
Nhb.1 Eddie, money earned. Savin's good eddle. w.Yks.1 A
poor daital. wheea's i' naa girt addle, ii. 340; He's i" good addle.
ADDLE, sb? Nhp. An adding or addition.
Nhp.1 Two pence and three pence, is five pence : and two groats
and two pence is ten pence. This specimen of village arithmetic
is called ' the old woman's addle.'
ADDLE, v.1 In gen. use.
A. To make abortive, as eggs, by allowing to get cold
during incubation ; fig. to confuse, muddle.
Ir. They had also lost a fat pig, and had a clutch of eggs addled
in an August thunderstorm, BARLOW Idylls (1892) 45. Yks. It's
no use addling your brain with so much learning, it won't make
the pot boil (M.N.). ne.Lan.1 Addle, to coagulate. Not. Addle,
make putrid (T.H.B.). Ken. Dang'd ould hen as addled dem
heggs (H.M.). Som.1 Hens which sit badly are said to addle
their eggs. Nauyz unuuf vur t-ad'l uneebau'deez braa-nz [noise
:nough to addle one's brains]. Dev. 'Twas the hard times addled
his brains, O'NEILL Told in Dimpses (1893) 116.
[See Addle, sb.1 4.]
B. Sc. To water plants.
Rnf. Toaddle,to water the roots of plants with the urine of cattle
AM.).
[See Addle, sb.1 2.]
ADDLE, v? In all the n. counties to Chs. Stf. Der.
Not. Lin. ; also in Rut. Lei. Nhp. War. e.An. ; not in Sc.
Not in gloss, of s.Chs. and Shr. Also written adle N.Cy.2
Lin. SKINNER ; aadle Suf.1 ; eddle N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Cum.1 3
w.Yks. WILLAN; yeddle Chs.123; aidle N.Cy.1 Nhb.1
Cum. Lin.1 e.An.1 ; aydle c.Cum. ; eddil Nhb. ; adel Cum.
e. and w.Yks. [a'dl. Besides a'dl there occur e'dl in Nhb.
Cum. ; e'dl in Nhb. c.Cum. Lin. e.An. ; ye'dl in Chs.]
1. To earn, acquire by one's labour.
N.Cy.12 Nhb.1 He addles three ha'pence a week, That's nobbut
a fardin' a day, Song, Ma Laddie. Dur.1 Cum.3 I's gan to eddle
me five shillin' middlin' cannily. s.Wm. Ye dunnet addle as mickle
ta day, HUTTON Dia. Storth and Arnsiile (1760) 1. 29. Wm.1 A'd
better git a nag wi panniers an addle mi brass thet wa-a. Yks.
They say he addled his brass i' jute, KIPLING Soldiers Three (ed.
1895) 16. n.Yks.1 Ah's nowght bud what Ah addles; n.Yks.2 To
addle oneself heat [to grow warm with exercise]. ne.Yks.1 He
addles a good wage. e.Yks.1 Ah haint addled saut (salt) ti my taty
this mornin. w.Yks. When he'd addled his shun, BLACKAH Poems
(1867) 13 [said of a horse when he falls upon his back and rolls
from one side to the other. When a horse does this in Hmp. or
Sus. he is said to earn a gallon of oats, HOLLOWAY] ; It isn't
what a chap addles, it's what a chap saves 'at makes him rich,
HARTLEY Budget (1868) 43; w.Yks.1 We mun teugh an addle
summat. Lan. Colliers addle'n their brass ; an' they'n a reet to
wear it as they'n a mind, WAUGH Chimney Cornet (1879) 56 ;
Give a mon a chance of addling a livin', WESTALL Old Factory
(1885) 21.4 Lan.1 m.Lan.1 A mon's heead may be addled, an' his
wage may be addled. n.Lan.1 Chs. [Aw con] yeddle my sax-
pence ivery day, CLOUGH B. Bresskittle (1879) 16; Chs.12 Stf.1,
Der.1 s.Not. I've nothing whativer coming to me but what I addle
(J.P.K.). Not.12 Them line-men addle a sight; Not.3 Lin.
SKINNER (1671) ; Mun be a guvness, lad, or summut, and addle
her bread. TENNYSON N. Farmer, New Style (1870) St. 7 ; An addlin'
th' rent. PEACOCK Tales and Rhymes (1886) 135 ; Lin.1, nXin.1
sw.Lin.1 I'm a disablebodied man. and can't addle owt. Rut.1
Lei. Shi kaint ad-1 moar- nur te-oo ur thrai shil'lin (C.E.); Lei.1
Oi ha' addled my weej. Nhp.12, War.3, e-An.1
2. To gain, procure ; to bring in by labour.
Yks. My kyes' milk addles most of my brass, FETHERSTON
Farmer, 71. Lin. Grows i' the wood, an' yowls i' the town, An'
addles its master many a crown. — Answer, a fiddle (of which the
strings are catgut), N. & Q. (1865) 3rd S. viii. 503. Lei.1 A doon't
addle his maister his weej.
3. To save, lay by a portion of one's earnings.
Yks. My father had addled a vast in trade, And I were his son
and heir, INGLEDEW Ballads (1860) 259. ne.Yks.1 He's addled a
deal o' brass. w.Yks. Wi' a bit o' trouble ah addled thegither five
pun' (W.B.T.). n.Lin. Addle, to lay by money, SUTTON Wds.
(i88O. e-An.1 At last I have addled up a little money; e.An.2
4. Of crops, trees, &c. : to grow, thrive, flourish.
n.Cy. Addle, to grow or increase in size, TOONE. Lan.1 Addle,
formerly used in the sense of to grow, to increase. Chs.123
e-An.1 That crop addles. Nrf.1 Suf.1 Fruit, corn, &c. promising
VOL. i.
to ripen well, are said to aadle: Ta don't fare to aadle. Ess. Where
luie imbraceth the tree verie sore, kill luie, or else tree wil addle
no more, TUSSER Husbandrie (1580) HI, st. 6.
Hence Addled, pp. earned ; Addling, vbl. sb. Cf. 4.
n.Yks.2 A ready addled penny [money easily earned]. w.Yks.5
It's weel addled. Ess. Ivy will, by the closeness of its embraces,
prevent trees from addling, that is, growing or increasing in
size, MAVOR, note to TUSSER Husbandrie (ed. 1812).
[To adle [earn], solarium vel praemium mereri, COLES
(1679) ; To addil, demerere, LEVINS Manip. (1570) ; To
adylle, commereri, adipisci, Calh. Angl. (1483) ; Hu mann
mihhte cwemenn Godd & addlenn heffness blisse, Ormu-
lum (c. 1205) 17811 ; patt mihhte gilltenn anij gillt & add-
lenn helle pine, ib. 17544. CP- ON. ^37«,_refl. Qillask, to
acquire (for oneself) property, cogn. with ddal, property.]
ADDLED, ppl. adj. In gen. use throughout the dial.
Also written aiddled Shr/ GIo.1 See below, [a'dld,
e'dld.] Rotten, putrid ; muddled, confused. See Addle,
sb.1 and ad;.1 4, 5.
N.Cy.1 Addled-eggs, addled, decayed, impaired, rotten. ne.Lan.1
An addled egg. m.Lan.1 One's varra likely to ged wrang wi' this
word iv they're nod keerful, because a mon's heead may be addled,
an' his wage may be addled. Th' fost o' these fits th' payson an'
th' last doesn'd — mony a time. Not.2 You cannot blow addled
eggs [i. e. partially hatched]. Nhp.1 War. (J.R.W.) s.Wor.1
Shr.1 Aidled. Shr. & Hrf. Addled means corrupted, as 'an addled
egg,' one in a state of putrefaction, or one left or forsaken by the hen
after sitting, BOUND Prov. (1876). Hrf.2AdIed. Glo.1 w.Som.1
Addled eggs are those which have been sat upon without producing
chickens. Colloq. We have learned to bottle our parents twain in
the yelk of an addled egg, KIPLING Brk. Ballads (1893) Conundrum
of Workshops.
ADDLING, sb. Rarely sing. See Addle, v1 See below,
[a'dlin.] Wages, earnings ; savings.
. N.Cy.1 Addlings, aidlings, wages received for work. Nhb.1 He's
had good addlins this quarter. Dur.1 Cum.1 Aydlins, c. adlins,sw.
Wm. Addlings hesbeen far better, GIBSON Leg. and Notes (1877) 67 ;
Wm.1 The usual form is addlins. Yks. Mah wayges is altegither
oot of all measure wi' me addlings, WRAY Nestleton (1876) 41;
Short harvests make short addlings, SWAINSON Weather Flk-Lore
(1873)18. n.Yks.1 Poor addlings. Hard addlings. Saving's good
addling. ne.Yks.1 Hard addlins an' nut mich when deean. e.Yks.1
w.Yks.5 Whoas a better house an' I hev ? an' av getten it together,
stick be stick, an' ivvry bit on't, wi my awan addlings. Lan.
Eaut of his own addlins, CLEGG David's Loom (1894) v. ne.Lan.1,
Chs.123, Stf.1 Der.2 Addlings, savings. nw.Der.1 Addlings, savings.
Not.1, n.Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 I doubt he wears all his addlings in drink.
Lei.1, Nhp.1, War.3
ADE, sb. Shr. [id.] A reach in the Severn.
Shr.1 This term is applied by navigators of the Severn to reaches
where there are eddies in the river, as Sweney [sic] Ade, Preen's
Ade, &c. ; Shr2. Boden's Ade, Preen's Ade, Swinny Ade, near
Coalport. This signification is confined to bargemen, owners, and
bowhalers.
ADE, v. Shr. [ed.]
Shr. A word peculiar to Shropshire, meaningto cut a deep gutter or
ditch across ploughed land, BOUND Prov . (1875) ; Shr.2 Ading down
in the follow.
[See Aid.]
A-DEARY ME! int. In var. dial., and colloq. use.
[!• diari mi.] See Deary. Exclamation of sadness or
surprise.
w.Yks. Noabody pities them 'at laups aat o' th' fryin' pan into th'
fire, an' it's a easy matter to miss it. — Aa, dear o' me ! aw think it
is ! HARTLEY DM. ist S. (1868) 115. Lin. A deary-me, Mrs. Cox,
who'd ha' thowt of seeing thee, N. & Q. (1865) 3rd S. vii. 31.
ADEE! int. Wxf. [adr.] Ha!
Wxf.1
ADER, see Arder.
ADIDGE, see Arris.
ADIST, prep. Sc. Also written adiest Ayr ; athist
Dmf. [adi'st, atSi'st] On this side.
Sc. I wish yow was neither adist her, nor ayont her [spoken of
a woman one dislikes], Prov. (JAM.) ; Hegbeg [nettle] adist the
dyke, CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes (1870) 109.
[Adist, at/list, prob. equiv. to on this (side).}
ADLAND, see Headland.
D
ADMIRE
[18]
ADVISED
ADMIRE, v. In Irel. Wm. Yks. Chs. Lei. Nhp. War.
Oxf. Som. [admai-a(r), Lei. admoi-a(r).]
1. To wonder at, notice with astonishment.
(a) Used simply, or with dependent clause.
Wm. Van wad admire how yau gits sec cauds [colds] (M.P.).
e.Yks.1 There is plenty of macreuse in the markets all Lent, that I
admire where they got so many, Dr. M. LISTER of York (1698).
w.Yks. Admire, wonder, Hlfx. Wds. Som. This . . . contented chap
had had a longish nap, Ta zlape away tha winter, I shoodent much
admire, 'AGRIKLER' Rhymes (1872) 31. [I admire it escaped Mr.
Fuller in his collection ol • Local Proverbs,' MORTON Nat. Hist, of
Nhp. (1712). Amer. To wonder at ; to be affected with slight sur-
prise. In New England, particularly in Maine, the word is used
in this sense, BARTLETT.]
(b) With ace.
e.Yks. An when Ah gat there ; oh, this Ah did admeyr, Ti see
so monny lusty lads, asitting roond the fire, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp.
(1889) 49. Chs.1 Ah could na but admoire him, he looked so
fresh ;— and he's turned seventy. War. (J.R.W.) Oxf. She told me
her husband was looking so ill I should quite admire him, N. <5r= Q.
(1868) 4th S. ii. 605.
(c) With at.
Lim.'Tis to be admired at — such a long distance traversed between
Ireland and America so fast (G.M.H.).
2. To be pleased, to like very much.
Lei.1 Ah should admoire to see er well took-to [I should be de-
lighted to see her well scolded]. Nhp.1 The child admires to go
a-walking. I should admire to go to London to see the Queen. War.3
[Amer. I should admire to see the President, BARTLETT (1848).]
[1. (a) Hear him but reason in divinity And all-admiring
with an inward wish You would desire the king were made
a prelate, SHAKS. Hen. V, i. i. 39 ; Wonder not, nor admire
not in thy mind, why I do call thee so, Twelfth Nt. in. iv. 165.
(b) How can we sufficiently admire the stupidity or mad-
ness of these persons? Sped. No. 575. (c) These lords At
this encounter do so much admire, SHAKS. Temp. v. i. 154.]
Hence Admirable, surprising, wonderful.
Wm. It is admirable [remarkable, wonderful] ; used by old per-
sons (M. P.). w.Yks. Admyrable war his gambols, CAUVERT Slaad-
burn /-aw (1871) 14; w.Yks.3
ADO, v. and sb. Sc. Chs. Nhp. War. [adu-.]
1. v. To do.
Sc. I'll ha'e naething ado wi't, GROSE (1790 MS. add. (C);
I have nothing ado, Monthly Mag. (1798) II. 436; Had nae mair
ado, but to get awa, SCOTT Midlothian (1818) iii. w.Sc. There's
little ado in the market to-day (JAM. Suppl.}.
2. sb. Bustle, confusion; stir, excitement, 'fuss'; Sc.,
in pi., difficulties.
Sc. I had my ain adoes [peculiar difficulties] (JAM.). Lth. I
had my ain adaes wi' him, for he was just a very passionate man,
STRATHESK Bits Blinkbonny (1891) 135. Chs.1 Oo made much adoo
abait it. Nhp.1 Ado, a familiar expression of hearty welcome ; ex-
cessive, officious kindness. They always make such ado with me,
whenever I go to see them I can hardly get away. War. (J.R.W.)
[1. Ado is for at do in the sense of ' to do ' ; see At. The
constr. is found in the Paston Letters : I woll nowt have
ado therwith, Lett. 566. 2. Much Ado about Nothing,
SHAKS. ; We[ll keep no great ado— a friend or two, R. &*J.
in. iv. 23. ME. Ado or grete bysynesse, sollicitudo, Prompt.]
ADONE, int. phr. Sc. Lan. Stf. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Wor.
Shr. Glo. Brks. Hnt. Sur. Sus. Hmp. I.W. [edu-n, adirn.]
Cease, leave off.
Sc. Ane spak in wordis wonder crouse, A done with ane mis-
chance! Old Song (J AM.). ne.Lan.1 Adone, cease, be quiet ! s.Stf.
Adone, will yer, I want to be quiet, PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895).
n.Lin.1 Thoo awkerd bairn, a-dun wi' thee ! Lei.1 A doon, will
ye. Nhp.1, s. War. se.Wor.1 Adone 06t! [Have done, will you !]
A j n°w w'en J spake' Gl°-1 Brks.1 A girl would say
Adone then ! or ' Adone ! ' or ' Adone now ! ' on her sweetheart
attempting to snatch a kiss. Hnt. (T.P.F.) Sur.1 Havea-done
there. Sus.1 Oh ! do adone. Hmp.1, I.W.1
[Adone ! is for Have done ! The expression occurs freq.
i bHAKS. : An if thou couldst, thou couldst not make him
live Therefore, have done, R. &• J. ,„. v. 73 ; Therefore
ha done with words, T. Shrew, in ii. 118]
ADONNET, si. Obs Yks. A devil. (The correct form
B PS £ ' •' 1>V°- J"K ks'J°ne sometimes hears the saying,
Better be in with that adonnet than out ' (HALL.).
Yks. I do not remember ever hearing the word Adonnet.
Donnet, however, is a very commonly used word (B. K. ).
ADOORS, adv. w.Yks. Lan. Lin. Nhp. War. [adoa'z.]
Without the door or house, outside ; esp. in out-adoors.
w.Yks.5 It's warm out adoors to-daay. ne.Lan.1 Out-adoors.
Lin. Truly my brother will be flung and thrust out adoores by head
and eares with this gift, BERNARD Terence (1629) 120. n.Lin.'
You're alus clattin' in and oot a-dOOrs. Nhp.1 He's gone out
a-doors. War. (J.R.W.)
[But what, Sir, I beseech ye, was that paper Your Lord-
ship was so studiously employed in When ye came out a-
doors? B. & F. Woman Pleased,\\.'\ ; Nowe shall the prynce
of this worlde be cast out a dores, TINDALE/O/W xii. 31.]
ADOW, adv. Sc. (JAM.) [adair.] Worth.
Rxb. Naething adow.
[A-, ol+dow, q.v. Cp. nocht o' dow, of no value, or
nothing of worth (JAM., s.v. Dow).]
ADOWN, adv. Sc. Hnt. Cor. [adirn, adetrn.] Down.
Sc. His gorgeous collar hung adown, Wrought with the badge
of Scotland's crown, SCOTT Marmion (1808) v. st. 8 ; Adown we
sat, ALLAN Lilts (1874) 18. Hnt.(T.P.F.) Cor. Nor drive too fast
adown the hills, TREGELLAS Farmer Brown (1857) 22.
[An home of bugle small Which hong adowne his side
in twisted gold, SPENSER F. Q. i. viii. 3. Adoun ful softely
I gan to sinke, CHAUCER Leg. G. W. 178. OE. ofdune,
down.]
ADRAD, ppl. adj. Obs. Sc. (JAM.) Afraid.
Cld.
[Adradd, afraid, much concerned, BAILEY (1721). They
were adrad of him, as of the deeth, CHAUCER C. T. A. 605.
OE. ofdrcedd, frightened, pp. of ofdradan, to dread.]
ADREAMED, ppl. adj. Wor. Oxf. [adri'md, adre'mt.]
Dreaming, dosing.
se.Wor.1 ' I was a-dreamed ' for ' I dreamt.' Oxf. You see, ma'am,
all this time she is adreamt between sleeping and waking. Ap-
plied to an infant (HALL.).
[I was a Dreamed that I sat all alone, BUNYAN P. P.
(1693) 66 ; Hee is adreamd of a dry sommer, WITHAL
(1634) ; I was adream'd that I kill'd a buck, LUPTON
(NARES). Deriv. of dream, v. The pref. a- is prob. due to
analogy. If the word adreamed were originally a west-
country word it would be natural to assume that the
a- represents OE. ge- ; see A- pref.2}
ADREICH, adv. Sc. [adrrx.] At a distance.
Sc. On painting and fighting look adreich, HENDERSON Prmi.
(1832) 134, ed. 1881. n.Sc. To follow adreich, to follow at a con-
siderable distance (JAM.).
[Throw ane signe that Quincius maid on dreich, the
Romanis ischit fra thair tentis, BELLENDEN T. Liv. 213
GAM.). ME. He bad tham alle draw tham o dreih, BRUNNE
Chron. (1330) 194. A-, on + dreich.
ADREICH, adv. Sc. Behind, at a distance. See Dreich.
Sc. The steward . . . stood behind, adreich, A. SCOTT Poems
(1808 99 ; The word, though not common, is still in use ,G.W. .
ADRY, adj. Glo. Brks. Cmb. Ess. Ken. Sus. Hmp. Wil.
Som. [adrai-.] Thirsty.
Glo.1 Brks.Ubeadry. Cmb. (M.J.B.) Ess. John was a-dry,CLARR
J. Noakes (1839) 18. Ken.12, Sus.1, Hmp.1 Wil. Who lies here?
Who do 'e think, Why, old Clapper Watts, if you'll give him some
drink; Give a dead man drink?— for why? Why; when he was
alive he was always a-dry, Epitaph at Leigh Delamere, ELWORTHY.
w.Som.1
[You may as well bid him that is sick of an ague,
not to be adry, BURTON Anal. Mel. (1621) 278, ed. 1836.
A-(pref.10) + ary.]
ADVANCE, v. Som. Dev. [adva-ns.] Used refl. ; to
push oneself forward.
w.Som.1 Waut shud ee- udvaa'ns ee-z-zuul vaur ? [what shovild
he push himself forward for ?] A good singing-bird was thus
described : Ee due udvaa-ns uz'zuul su boal-z u luyunt [he does
come forward (in the cage) as boldly as a lion]. Dev. A woman
is said to advance herself when she sets her arms akimbo and gives
one a bit of her mind (P.F.S.A.).
[Avaunce yourselfe to aproche, SKELTON, Bowge of
Courte, 88 (N.E.D.). OFr. avancer, to set forward.]
ADVISED, ppl. adj. Obs. n.Cy. Nrf. With of: ac-
quainted with, aware of.
ADVISEMENT
[19]
AFFURST
n.Cy. I am not advised of it, I am not acquainted of it, HOLLO-
WAY. Nrf. I an't advised of it, I can't recollect it, or am ignorant
of it, GROSE (1790).
[But art them not advised ? (i. e. haven't you been in-
formed ?), SHAKS. T. Shrew, i. i. 191 ; Advised by good in-
telligence Of this most dreadful preparation, ib. Hen. V, n.
Prol. 12. Fr. aviser, to advise, counsel, warn, tell, inform,
do to wit, give to understand (CoxoR.).]
ADVISEMENT, sb. Sc. Advice, counsel.
Sc. There came never ill after good advisement, RAMSAY/V0t/.(i737).
ADWANG, see Dwang.
AE, see A, All, Aye, Ea.
AEFALD, adv. Sc. Also written afald. [e'fald.]
Simple, honest, without duplicity or deceit.
Sc. I was aefaald aye wi Him, WADDELL Ps. (1891) xviii. 23.
S. & Ork.1
Hence Aefaldness, sb. honesty, uprightness, single-
ness of heart (C.D.).
[Aefa/d is the Sc. form of the older northern anfald,
single, simple, sincere, found in Ormulum and Cursor
Miinii'i. OE. anfald, an, one+fatd, -fold.]
AEHY, int. Nhb. [ei1.] Oh ! ah !
Nhb. 'Ae-hy, ae-hy,' kih she, 'azesueraws reel,' BEWICK Howdy
(1850) 9.
AERN, see Erne.
AETH-, see Eath-.
AF-, see Off-.
AFEAR, v. Obs. Nhp. To frighten.
Nhp.2 That dwant afear ma.
[And ghastly bug does greatly them affeare, SPENSER
F. Q. n. iii. 20. The word is of freq. occurrence in P. Plow-
man. OE. afceran, to terrify.]
AFEAR(D, conj. In gen. use in van dial. Also by
aphaeresis feard. Lest, for fear. Cf. afraid.
Nhb. In common use (R.O.H.). Yks. (J.W.) e-Lan.1 s.Chs.1
Go an' tine them gaps, feared lest the key [cows] getten in. ne.Wor.
Don't you go there, afeared the bobby should see you (J.W.P.).
Ess. We didn't stop . . . Afear the Owd un sh'd come out, DOWNE
Ballads (1895) 19. Ess.1 Do you bathe ?— Ny, zir. Why not ? —
Feard a bin drownded.
AFEARD, adj. In gen. dial, use throughout Sc. Irel.
and Eng. See below, [afia'rd, afia'd.] Afraid, frightened,
struck with fear or terror.
Sc. Afeir'd, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.). Ir. The bit of a house
there does be that quite and lonesome on me . . . that I'm afeard,
troth it's afeard I am goin' back to it, BARLOW Idylls (1892) 153.
N.I.1 Wxf.1 Aferdth. Nhb.1 Aa was afeard ye warn't comin'.
Cum.1 Afear't (not often heard). Wm.1 ne.Yks.1 Ah's sadly
afeai'd on't. e.Yks.1 Afeeahd. w.Yks. Ize nane afeard, DIXON
Craven Dales (1881) 180. Lan. I'm much afeard there's but little,
GASKELL M. Barton (1848) v ; Lan.1 Get on wi' thee mon ; what arto
afeard on ?- Chs.1 Come on ! who's afeart ? s.Stf. I bai' afeard o'
thee. PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895). Stf.1 2 Der. He was afeard on
the Governor too, LE FANU Uncle Silas (1865) II. 50; Der.2 s.Not.
Ah'm non afeard o' him (J.P. K.). Not.1 n.Lin. The good woman
was nearly as much afeard as you were, PEACOCK R. Skit-laugh
(1870) I. 49. n-Lin.1, Lei.1 Nhp.1 Afeard, a good old word still
current amongst our villagers. War.123, se.Wor.1 Shr.1 Yo
needna be afeard o' gwei'n through the leasow, they'n mogged
[moved] the cow as 'iled poor owd Betty Mathus ; Shr.2 Hrf.2
I'm a'most afeared. Glo. Ur were flitting about i' the night
afeared most despert, GISSING Vill. Hampden (1890) I. vi; Glo.1
Brks.1 'E bent aveard, be 'e ? [You are not afraid, are you ?] n.Bck.
(A.C.) Hrt. Who's afeard? (H.G.) Hnt.(T.P.F.) e-An.1 Nrf.
I'm afeard that flour will be hained [increased in price] again
next week (W.R.E.). Suf.(C.T.); Suf.1 Afeard is still much used.
Ess. Why they wornt afeared I ne'er could understand, DOWNE
Ballads (1895) 22; Ess.1, Ken.1 Sur. You shall have a glass,
donna be afeared, BICKLEY Sur. Hills (1890) I. i ; Sur.1 Sns.
Every man has got his soord upon his thigh, cause dey be afaird
in de night, LOWER Sng. Sol. (1860) iii. 8 ; Sus.^Hmp.1 I.W. I was
afeard to goo in and lay down and leave the yowes, GRAY Annesley
(.1889; III. 173; i.w.i : Wil.1 Dor.1 I bcn't afeard To own it, 302.
w.Som.1 Waut be ufee'urd oa ? [what are you afraid of?] Dev.
Whot's aveard o' now, yii stupid ? Dith zim he'll bite thee ? HEWETT
Peas. Sp. (1892) ; Dev.1 Cor. I shoudn't be afeerd to travel oal
hover London, Jimmy Trebilcock (1863) 10 ; Cor.1 I'm afeard of my
life to go upstairs arter dark.
[I am afeard you make a wanton of me, SHAKS. Ham.v.
ii. 310 ; So wys he was shejwas no more afered, CHAJUCER
Tr. &• Cr. in. 482. OE. afcered, frightened, pp. of afceran ;
see Afear.]
AFER, see Aver.
AFFBEND, v. Sh.I. [a-fbend.] To remove the furni-
ture from a peat-pony.
S. & Ork.1
[Aff, off + bend, used in the sense of harnessing a horse
to a cart : Then Joseph bended his charett fast (juncto
curnt, Vulg.), COVERDALE Gen. xlvi. 29. OE. benaan, to
fasten, to bind.]
AFFEIRING, prp. Sc. [afia'rin.] Appertaining to,
proportionate.
Slk. It's no sae ill, affeiring to [said of any work done by a
person who could not have been expected to do it so well] (JAM.).
[Prp. of affeir, to belong, pertain ; also written effeir.
Under great sums effeiring to their condition and rank,
Act Council (1683) in WODROW Hist. Church Scotland (1721)
II. 318. AFr. afferir, to belong, pertain ; Lat. ad, to +ferire,
to strike, hence, to affect. Cp. COTGR : Afferant (the par-
ticiple of the Impersonal affiert], beseeming or becoming ;
also, concerning or belonging to. See Effeir.]
AFFLUDE, v. Sh. I. To injure the looks or appearance
of anything ; disguise.
Sh.I. To change the appearance, to disguise ; of clothes, to be
unbecoming (W.A.G.). S. & Ork.1
[Cp. Dan. lod, colour.]
AFFLUFE, AFF LOOF, adv. Sc.
1. Without book, offhand. To repeat anything 'afflufe' is
to deliver it merely from memory QAM.).
2. Extempore, without premeditation.
Sc. Whene'er I shoot wi' my air gun, 'Tis ay affloof, DAVIDSON
Seasons (1789) 183. Per. Afflufe. in two words, are still commonly
used. e.g. Aff lufe speaking, extempore speaking (G.W.). Lnk.
How snackly could he gi'e a fool reproof, E'en wi' a canty tale
he'd tell aff loof, RAMSAY Poems (ed. i8ooN II. n (JAM.). Ayr.
I shall scribble down some blether Just clean aff-loof, BURNS
Epistle to John Lapraik (1785).
3. Forthwith, immediately, out of hand (JAM.).
[Aff-, off + loof, q.v.j
AFFODILL,s6. Chs. Also in the form affrodile Chs.123;
haverdril Chs.1 [a'fadil, a'fradil.] The daffodil, Narcissus
pseudo-narcissus.
Chs. Affrodile, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus, but the Cheshire word
is really Havrdril ; Chs.12; Chs.3' Flower of Affadille ' is, in an old
Lincoln Cathedral manuscript, recommended as a cure for madness.
\Affrodille, th' Affodille or Asphodill flower. Hache royalle,
theAffodille orAsphodillflower; especially (the small-kind
thereof called) the Speare for a king, COTGR. M.Lat.
affodillus (Prompt.}, Lat. asphodilus, Gr. dff^ooVXdr.]
AFFORDANCE, sb. Cum. [afua'dans.] Ability to bear
expense.
Cum. Quite right, if you are of affordance [if you can afford it]. It's
beyond my affordance [more than I can afford] (W. K. V n.Cum. Not
known round Coniston ; but in the district round Wigton and the
wideand isolated district ofthe Abbey Holme the word 'affordance'
is well known and generally used (T.E.). Cum.1 Affwordance.
[A deriv. of afford, v. (OE. geforcfian, to advance, per-
form) + -ance, a Fr. suffix.]
AFFRONT, v. Sc. [afru'nt.] To disgrace, put to shame.
Gall. At your time o' life, to dress up for a young man ; I'm
black affrontit, CROCKETT Raiders i 1894; xxxiii.
AFFRONT, sb. Sc. Disgrace, shame.
Per. He hasna an affront [he cannot be put to shame, ' past
feeling '] (G.W.).
Hence Affrontless, adj.
Abd. Not susceptible of disgrace or shame (JAM.). Per. He's
affrontless [shameless, past feeling] (G.W.).
AFFRUG, sb. Sh. I. [afrtrg.] A spent wave receding
from the shore.
S. & Ork.1 Affrug of the sea ; Affrug or Aff-bod, MS. add.
[Lit. a pull-back. Cp. Dan. a/, off + ryk, a hasty pull or
movement ; ON. rykkr, cogn. with rykkja, to pull roughly
and hastily.]
AFFURST, see Athirst.
D 2
AFIELD
[20]
AFORE
AFIELD, adv. Sc. Irel. Dun Nhp. War. Brks. [afi'W,
avi-ld.l Abroad, out in or into the fields. ,.,..,,
Ayr. My only pleasure At hame, a-fiel', *^. *"**&£
Davit. Wxf.iAveel(0fa.). Dur.i Tek the cows afield Nhp^The
master's gone a-field; Nhp.2 Wheer'smaester?-Up afield. War.
He's gone afield [on the farmlands]. Brks.1 A farmer .s said to be
' gone avield ' when he has gone to walk about his farm.
\A-, on + field.]
AFIRE, adv. Nhb. Wm. Chs. War. Dev. [afara(r),
avai'a(r).] On fire.
Nhb.1 Ma keel's aa afire, ma fortin's aa spoiled, CORVAN Keel
Afire (z. 1865). Win.1, Chs.1 War. (J.R.W.) Dev. Urn, Zue,
vatch zom zalt! Tha chimbly's avire ! HEWETT Peas. Sf, (1892).
A-FLAT, adv. Sc. Flat.
Fif. There a jumper falls aflat upon the mould, TENNANT Anst.
Fair (1812) xxvii.
AFLAUGHT, adv. Sc. GAM.) [sfla'xt] Lying flat.
Rxb.
[A-, on +flaucht (flaught), q.v.]
AFLEY, v. Sc. Obsol. To dismay, discomfit.
Sc. Afley, in pp. dismayed, frightened ; still used. The herds
would gather in their nowt . . . HafBins afley'd to bide thereout. FER-
GUSSON King's Birthday (c. 1774) 2, ed. 1845 (N.E.D.).
[OE. qfliegan (Merc, aflegan), to put to flight ; see Fley.J
AFLUNTERS, adv. w.Yks. In a state of disorder.
w.Yks. Aflunters, disarranged, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Apr. 18, 1891);
Her hair all aflunters (B.K.).
[A-, on + flunter, q.v.]
AFOOT, adv. Sc. Cum. n.Yks. [afi't, n.Yks. sfia't.]
1. Up and about ; esp. able to stand and walk after an
illness.
Wm. & Cum.1 What ailsta, Jammy, Thou's sae soon a-fit, CLARK
Seymon and Jammy (1779) 1. i. n.Yks.2 It'll be a whent while
afoore he's affeeat ageean [a long time before he is well].
2. Fig. to get afoot, to make a start or beginning.
n.Yks.2 Hae ye getten afeeat wi' t' job ?
[Mischief, thou art afoot. Take thou what course thou
wilt ! SHAKS. /. Caesar in. ii. 265 ; To pleye and walke on
fote, CHAUCER C. T. F. 390. A-, on +foot.]
AFORCE, v. Nhb. [afur's.]
Nhb. To hole a board into an adjoining board unintentionally,
GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849) ;
[The word occurs freq. in HAMPOLE'S Psalter in the
sense of 'to constrain.' AFr. aforcer, OFr. esforcier; Rom.
exfortiare, to force, constrain ; deriv. of Lat./orfe, strong.]
AFORCED, ppl. adj. e.Yks. Forced, compelled.
e.Yks.1 Ah was afooaced tl gang alang tl gaol, 19.
AFORE, adv. ,o>«/.and prep. Ingen. use in var. dial, of Sc.
Irel.Eng. Also written afoor Nhb. Cum. Lan. Suf.; afooar
e.Yks. Wm. ; aforne e.An. ; atvore Glo. ; avore, avoore
sw. counties ; avaur, avaurn Som. [afoa'fr), avoa'(r).]
1. Of time : before, ere.
Sc. [He] wan there afore the time (JAM.). Abd. Wer ither herd
thol't aye afore To lie ayontthe byre, Goodwife (1867) ver. 8. Edb.
Afore I was fifteen years old, SCOTT Midlothian (1818) ix. Gall.
Afore they could let him gang, CROCKETT Stickit Min. (1893) 24.
Ir. They'll be gettin' oodles o' money on at the fair afore Lent,
BARLOW Idylls (1892)57. N.I.1 Nhb. We'll hae anither fishing bout
Afore we're taen awa', Coquet Dale Sngs. (1852) 59; Nhb.1 Dur.1
Cum.3 We teuk a gud leuk at him afoor anybody spak, i. Wm
Afore we com, Knitters e' Dent (Doctor, ed. 1848) 560. n.Yks.
Ah niwer knew t'rooad . . . seea shooat . . . afooar, TWEDDELL
Clevel. Rhymes (1875) 64. ne.Yks.1 He'll mebbe cum afoor neet.
e.Yks. He hadn't geean monny yards afooar he fell ower summat,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 33. w.Yks. A've dubbled t'neiv, afoar
ta day , PRESTON Poems, &c. (1864) 4 ; w.Yks.1 That niwer com across
my brain afoar, ii. 324 ; w.Yks.5 I sal be off afore long. Lan. Afore
the week wur eawt, BANKS Munch. Man (1876) viii ; I've hed things
stown afoor to-day, BOWKER 7afcs(i882)65; Lan.1 Chs. Awcannot
tell yo' very much afore, YATES Owd Peter, i. 8 ; Chs.12 Stf.1
nw.Der.1 Three year afore [three eeu-r ufoau-r]. He went an hour
afore us [ee went un)aawurufoauT irz]. s.Not. Ah seed it afore yo
(J.P.K.). Lin. An' 'e maade the bed as 'e ligs on afoor 'e coom'd to
the shire, TENNYSON N. Farmer, New Style (1870) st. 7. se.Wor.1
w.Wor.1 Come an' see we afore yu goes awaay. s.War. 'Ebe a
wik fool az gits up afore egooas t'bed, Why John (G.H.T.) (Coll.
L.L.B.). Shr.l'E's bin theer afore I know, so dunna tell me
Shr.2 Afore lung, before long. Hrf. Thou hadst ought to a come
afore, Flk-Lore Jrn. ^886) IV. ,66. Glo [I] lukkd at thaay
ateers avore y yad mi ta, BUCKMAN Darkei ; Sojourn (1890 ,136.
Brks. He made his braags avoore he died HUGHES Scour. White
Horse (1859) vii. Mid. Afore you takes your snooze, DICKENS
Mutual Friend (1865) bk. iv. i. Hnt. Afore long (T.P.F.). Nrf.
The year afore that he kinder did for my tunnips, JESSOPP Arcady
1887) iii 82 Snf. I'll goon him such a hidm' as he niver had
afoor, e.An. Dy. Times (1892). Ess. You 'ont want to be there
ong Afore you say my wahrd is right, DOWNE Ballads (1895) '!•
Sur > Sus. Afore I know'd what I was about, LOWER Sng. Sol.
(1860) vi 12 n.Wil. What the men call • the dark days afore
Christmas,' JEFFERIES Wild Life (1879) 98. Dor. Avore we git to
Temple Coombe. YOUNG Rabin Hill (1867) 22 ; Dor.1 Avore the
east begun to redden, 57. Som. If his veace was beautivul avore,
LEITH Lemon Verbena (1895) 51. Dev. It mad 'em laugh more
than they did avore. Reports Provinc. (1886) 90. n.Dev. Ad ! chell
ream my heart to tha avore Ise let that tha lipped, Exm. Scold.
(1746) 1. 17. Dev.3 Her's like a duck avore day. Cor. Our boy,
tie wor to school a bit afore aw pitched to bal, FORFAR Pentowan
(1859) i. 7; Cor.1 He took me up afore I were down [corrected
me before I had made a mistake].
2. Of preference : rather than, in preference to, better
than.
w.Yks.5 Afore al du that al heit haay wi a horse ! nw.Der.1 '.
clem afore I'll work for that muney [au)ll tlaem ufoau-r au)ll
wuur-k fur dhaat- mimi]. swXin.1 There's nothing afore bramble-
vinegar [vinegar made of blackberries] fora cough. I reckon there's
nowt afore spring waiter. Wil. Gie I a English shartharn afor a
Alderney, ' AGRIKLER ' Rhymes (1872) 20. w.Som.1 Avore I'd be
beholdin to he, I'd work my vingers to bones.
3. In front, before, in the presence of.
Sc. He ran on afore GAM.) ; He wad hae liked ill to hae come
in ahint and out afore them this gate, SCOTT Rob Roy (1817) xxxvi.
Ayr. Ae Hairst afore the Sherramoor, I mind't as weel's yestreen,
BURNS Halloween (1785). Nhb. Wi' canny care she claps't
afore them, GRAHAM Maori. Dia. (1826) 6 ; Nhb.1 Can on afore.
Wm.1 It's reet afooar tha. n.Yks.2 Ahint an' afoore, behind and
before. w.Yks. Mah vaineyird 'at is maine, is afoor mah, LITTLE-
DALE Craven Sng. Sol. (1859) viii. 12 ; w.Yks.5 Gehr afore him an'
keep afore him. Lan.1 Now, Sally, gan thi ways afore me, an'
oppen t'door, WAUGH Jannock (1874) iii. s.Chs.1 s.Stf. He
come an' stood right afore me, PINNOCK Bk. Cy. Arm. (1895).
nw.Der.1 He's a mile afore me [ee)z ii mahy'l ufoau-r m6e].
Where is Sam? — He's afore [weeu-r is Saarn' ? 6e)z ufoau-r].
Der.2 Doff thy hat mon, afore thy betters. Shr.1 Theer wuz the
child right afore the 'orse. Brks.1 Avorn is ' before him.' Avoort
is ' before it.' Sur. He's afore you entirely, HOSKYNS Talpa (1852)
183. Wil. Vootsteps did rouse my pensive ears, An he avore
I stood, SLOW Rhymes (1889) 21. Som. Get avaur un, stoopid,
JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng. (1869). w.Som.1 A little knot of flowers
avore the house. Captain's the best oss to go avore. n.Dev. And
whare a wou'd be ovore or no, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 14.
4. Until.
w.Som.1 Us can wait avore you be ready, sir. Uur oan lat-n
uloa'un uvoa'ur ee-z u-broakt [she will not leave it alone until it
is broken]. n.Dev. Th'arst always a vustled up ... avore zich
times as Neckle Halse comath about, Exm. Scold. (1746) !• Io8-
5. Comp. Afore all, nevertheless ; -fit, indiscriminately,
all without exception (JAM.) ; -hand, aforran, before-
hand, ready ; -long, shortly ; -time, formerly ; yene, over
against.
n.Dev.Yeet avore oil, avore voak. tha wut lustree, Extn. Scold.
(1746) 1. 291. Frf. Some says ye mak them up aforehand, BARRIE
Thrums (1889) 39. n.Cy. Aforran, in store, in reserve (HALL.).
Nhb.1 Nowt aforran, nothing ready. Cum.3 It's o' settl't afoorhan'.
n.Yks. Bill axt ma afooarhand what Ah thowt, TWEPDELL Clevel.
Rhymes (1875) 66. e.Yks.1 Ah likes ti gan tl chotch a bit afooar-
hand. Noo, get on wi' thi wahk; Jack's afooarhand o' tha. MS.
add. (T.H.) w.Som.1 Mind you get em in readiness avore-hand.
Aay wuz uvoa-ran'z wai un, vur au~l u wuz zu kluvur[I outwitted
him (or got the better of him), notwithstanding that he was so
clever]. Dur.1 See y'agen afore lang. n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 Riddy
for off afoorelang [ready to set out soon]. It'll happen afoorelang
gans [it will happen at no distant period]. nXin.1, Lei.1 Nhp.1
I shall go afore long. Glo. It's you as ought to go before the magis-
trates, and will do afore long, GISSING Vill. Hampden (1890) I. »•
Som. Come it did, sure enuff, avore lang, LEITH Lemon Verbena
(l895) 38- n.Yks.2 An aud afooretimes body, an antiquated per-
sonage. ne.Lan.1 n.Lin. Thaay was big foaks afooretime (M.P.);
n.Lin.1 Som. Afore-yenc, over against, directly in front of (HALL.')
AFORWARD
[21]
AFTER
6. Phr. to live afore the friend, to live on the charity of
friends.
w.Yks. A chap hez a deal to swallo when he'z livin' afore t'l'riend
J. R. •
[If I do not . . . drive all thy subjects afore thee like a
flock of wild-geese, SHAKS. i Hen. IV, n. iv. 152. ME. To
hem that riche were afore, GOWER C. A. n. 88. OE. on-
fomn, before.]
AFORWARD, adv. Glo. Forward, in front.
Glo. Get the wurk avorard, carnt ee ! (S.S.B.) ; A shepherd
would tell his dog to ' go avorard,' meaning ' get ahead of the
sheep' (J.D.R.i.
\_A-, on + forward, q. v.]
AFRAID, conj. Irel. and var. dial, [afre'd.] Also for
afraid, and, by aphaeresis, fraid. Lest, for fear that.
Ir. I put it there, afraid you should find it. I wouldn't go out
to-day afraid I should miss you (A.S.P.) ; I wouldn't undertake
to say for fraid I'd tell a lie, YEATS Flk. Tales (1888) 187. Dub.
Run indoors, God bless you, for afraid the cows 'd run over you
[said to a child by a man driving cows] (G.M.H.). nXin.1 She
weant goa by trip-traains for fraaid o' sum'ats happenin'. ne.Wor
I'll just go with you part of the way, afraid you shouldn't find it
•J.W.P.). Suf. I shall put on my hat afraid I shall catch cold
(Common. ' For afraid ' is less common) (F.H.).
{Afraid (conj.), contr. for ' being afraid.' For afraid is
due to association with the phr. ' for fear.' Afraid is pp.
of affray, vb. to frighten, AFr. affrayer, OFr. effreer, esfreer.]
AFRAWL, prep. Won Suf. [afrp-l.] For all, in spite of.
se.Wor.1 ' Now, Billy, thee cossn't come this a-road.' Billy : ' I
sh'll come afrawl thee.' Suf. Afrawl, for all, in spite of (HALL.).
[A-,pref."+forall.]
AFRESH, adv. and adj. In gen. use. [afre'J.j
1. adv. Over again.
Brks.1 Thee hast done the job zo bad thee mus' do't avresh.
2. adj. Unknown before, new, fresh.
Stf.2 It's naut afresh far im ta bei drunk. Brks.1 A be a-doin'
things in the parish as be quite avresh.
[1. Dead Henry's wounds Open their congeal'd mouths
and bleed afresh, SHAKS. Rich. Ill, i. ii. 56. A- (prob. = of,
as in anew) + fresh. 2. As an adj. afresh is prob. not
exactly the same word as that above ; the a- representing
in this case not of, but the pref. surviving in western
dial, from OE.ge-.]
AFRIST, adv. Sc. QAM.) [afri'st] On trust or in a
state of delay.
Sc. All ills are good afrist, Prov.
[A-, on + frist. ON. frestr, OE. fierst, space of time,
respite. ME. Do bou nouth on frest, Hav. 1337).]
AFRO, v. Sh. I. To dissuade.
Sh.I. (W. A.G., Coll. L. L. B.) S. & Ork.1
[Dan. afraade, to dissuade (cp. G. abraten) ; Dan. of,
off+raade, to advise; ON. rafta, OE. rcedan.]
AFRONT, «<&. Yks.Lan. War. Brks. [afnrnt, avnrnt]
In front.
w.Yks.5 He wur afront an' we wur aback on him. ne.Lan.1
War. (J.R.W.) Brks.1 Thee get on avront o' I, ther yent room
vor us bwo-ath in the paath.
[A-, on + front.}
AFRORE, ppl. adj. sw. counties only. Hmp. Dor. Som.
Dev. Also written avrore Dor.1 Dev. ; avraur, avroared
Dev. See below, [afroa'(r), avroa'(r).] Frozen, stiff with
frost.
s.Hmp. Ye must be nigh famished, and afrore too, VERNEY L. Lisle
(1870) xxiii. Hmp.1 Froar, Vrore. Dor.1 Som. My vingers be
all a-vraur, JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng. (1869). n.Dev. Tha chield's
avroared, tha conkerbells Be hangin to un, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867)
5 ; Or whan 'tes avore [misprint : 1771 has avrore] or a scratcht,
Exni. Scold. (1746) 1. 123 ; Avrore, frozen, frosty, Exmore, GROSE
(1790). Dev.1 'Twas so hard avrore that the juggy-mirc was all
one clitch of ice, pt. iii. 18. nw.Dev.1
[OE. gefroren, pp. offreosan, to freeze.]
AFT, adv. n.Yks. [aft]
1. Backward, in fig. sense.
n.Yks.2 They went aft, instead o' forrat [met with reverses
rather than things favourable].
2. As super/.
n.Yks.2 Aftest, the hindmost, the laziest of the lot.
AFT-CROP, A*. Sc. Written eft-, eff..
1. After-crop, also called tail-crop, i.e. the grass that springs
up among the stubble after the crop is cut (JAM. Suppl.). 2.
A crop of the same kind as the ground yielded last year (ib.).
3. Aft-crop is the same as aftermath.
Gall. (A.W.)
AFT-CROP, v. Sc. (JAM. Suppl.) Written eff-. To
after-crop, i. e. to take two successive crops of the same
kind from a field.
Per. Tenants were restricted not to eff-crop the infield [not to
take two successive crops of oats], ROBERTSON Agric. (1799) 23.
AFTER, prep., adv., v., and adj. (in comp.) Var. dial.
uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. See below, [a'fto(r), e-fta(r).]
1. prep. Of place : following the course of, alongside of.
Alsojig. following, in accordance with.
aLin.1 \_Fig. sense] He said his peace wo'd for wo'd efter th' book.
Nhp.1 Go arter the hedge. Glo.1 Go athirt that ere ground, and
you'll find the path after the hedge. Som. After, along (J. S. F. S. ) ;
W. & J. Gl. (1873).
2. Behind.
Ir. I left him after me (G.M.H.).
3. Of time : used instead of ' past ' when speaking of the
time of day.
s.Oxf. I'll mash the tea as soon as ever it goes 'alfaater three, ROSE-
MARY Chilterns (1895) 181 . Suf. (M. E. R. i Dev. I stap'd thare til haf
arter zix I shudespose, NATHAN HOGG Poet. Let. (1847) 15, ed. 1865.
4. adv. Even with, keeping pace with.
w.Som.1 Dhu ee'njiin wain zu vaa-s, wuz foo'us vur t-ae-u tue-
vur t-an- dhu shee-z — wairn keod-n nuuth'een nee-ur keep aup
aa'dr [the engine went so fast, (we) were obliged to have two
(men) to hand the sheaves— one could not nearly keep up after —
i. e. the supply even with the demand],
5. (i) Following a v. of motion : to fetch. (2) prep, used,
the v. being understood. (3) prep, used as a v. pure and
simple.
(i) Nrf. I'll go arter it (E.M.). w.Som.1 With any verb of motion
[after] means to fetch. Zain aa'dr, goo aa'dr, uurn aa'dr [send,
go, run — to fetch]. (2) n.Yks. He efter Betty ageean, TWEDDELL
Clevel. Rhymes (1875) 13. ne.Yks.1 Ah efther him. w.Yks. They
teld her whear he'd goan, soa shoo after him (a very common form
of expression), HARTLEY Yks. Xmas.Ann. (1879) 12. (3) w.Yks.
Iwery dog thear wor in it [the village] afterd us, TOM TREDDLE-
HOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1854) 35. Nhp.2 He got the start, but I
preshus quick atter'd him. Bdf. BATCHELOR Anal. Eng. Lang.
(1809). s.Hmp. What did that fellow Ned mean by aftering me
like that, VERNEY L. Lisle (1870) xxv.
6. When used with a progressive tense it indicates:
(1) that an action is about to take place ; (2) completed
action, cf. Fr. venir de ; (3) present action ; in the last
sense it is freq. otiose.
(i) Inv. I will be after telling him [I willtellhim](H. E. F.). Chs.3
He's after taking another farm. e-An.1 The hen is after laying.
Suf. I now after fetching it (C. G. de B.). (a) Inv. I am after
telling him [I have just told him] (H.E.F.). Ir. She told them in the
prisoner's presence that he was after hanging her up against the
door with a rope, Dublin Dy. Expr. (Mar. 26, 1891) ; I am after
dining [I have dined] (G.M.H.); Jos was after balragging the
priest, KENNEDY Even. Duffrey (1869) 81 ; They were after hangin'
a lad up at the jail, BARLOW Lisconnel (1895) 169. s.Ir. It is not
every lady that would be after making [would have made] such an
offer, CROKER Leg. (1862) 220. Wxf. Yes, indeed, sir, and I only
after composing a new prayer to-day, KENNEDY Banks Bow (1867)
186. (3) Ir. Then it's fitter . . . for you to be after putting your sign
there in your pocket, BARRINGTON Sketches (1830) I. xvii ; Is it
Lanigan you'd be afther comparin' me to ? LOVER Leg. (1848) I. 225.
s.Ir. I would not beafter sayingsucha thing. CROKER Leg. (1862)291.
7. To be after: (i) to court, to be in love with ; (2) to be
in pursuit of, to follow ; (3) to be engaged upon ; (4) to
aim at ; (5) the word also conveys the idea of a state or
condition in the immediate future, and (6) of a recently
completed action.
(i)Inv. I am after so and so [I am in love with so and so] (H.E.F.).
n.Yks. (I.W.) Chs.1 1 expect he's after our Polly. War.(J.R.W-)
(2) Inv. I will be after you [I'll follow you] (H.E.F.). n.Yks.
(I.W.) Chs.1 The policeman's after him. War. (J.R.W.) (3)
n.Yks. (I.W.) Chs.1 What are you after ? Lin. He'll be efter ye
soon, I'll uphowd it, PEACOCK R. Skirlaugh (1870) I. 189. n-Lin.1
I could tell what he was efter, though he kep' very squat. War.
(J.R.W.) Nrf. What are you arter there (E. M.). (4) sjr. Is
AFTER
[22]
AFTERINGS
that what you'd be after, you spalpeen ? CROKER Leg. (1862) 269.
Colloq. ' Look here ! Dunham,' said Staniford sharply, ' what are
you after?' HOWELLS^TOOS/CO* (1883) xii. (5) Ir. The child is
after the measles. (6) I am after my dinner (G.M.H.).
8. After long and last, at the end.
I.Ma. That's where we'll all be after long and last, CAINE
Manxman (1894) pt. n. xv.
9. Comp. After-burden, after-birth (placenta); -butter,
that made from after-fleetings, q.v. ; -cast, consequences,
effect, what may ensue (JAM.) ; -cleckin, -clep, -cletch,
see below; -come, consequence, what comes after;
-comer, a stranger, visitor, ' follower ' ; -daylight, -end,
-feed, -fetch, see below; -fleetings, cream from milk that
has been twice skimmed ; -gang, to follow ; -grass, -held,
see below; -leavings, slime containing ore ; -leys, -mead,
-most, -shear, -shot, -smatch, -temsings, see below;
-temsing-bread, bread made from coarse flour, the refuse
of the sieve or temse ; -wald, the outfield, arable land
which is not manured, but cropped until it is worn out
(JAM.) ; -winding, see below.
Lin. After-burden, after-birth, STREATFIELD Lin. and Danes
(1884) 3J5- n-Lin.1 The afterburden should oht to be alus putten
upo' kitchen fire-back at neet when foaks hes gone to bed. Bck.
That which is afterwards skimmed makes what is called an after-
butter, MARSHALL Review (1817) IV. 546. Rxb. He durst na do't
for fear o' the aftercast (JAM.). Dur.1 Efter-clecking, one of a
second brood. ne.Yks.1 Efter-clecking, a brood of chickens, &c.,
hatched after the first brood of the season [also in pi. applied to
the brood]. Them fahve geslins is eftthercleckins. n.Yks.2 Efther-
clep, the brood that happens to come after the usual breeding
time. Dur.1 Efter-cletch, an after or second brood in the same
year. s.Sc. And how are ye to stand the aftercome ? Brownie of
Bodsbeck, ii. 9 ; I fear she is ruined for this world, — and for the
aftercome, I dare hardly venture to think about it, ib. ii. 48 (JAM.).
Gall. He wad like to dee but for the thocht o' the after-come,
CROCKETT Moss-Hags (1895) xxiii. n.Yks.2 Efther-comers,
followers. e.Yks.1 Efther-cummers, visitors, strangers. e.Lan.1
After-dellit, night [after daylight]. n.Yks.2 Van's efther-end
condition [one's state after death]. n-Lin.1 After-end, the
autumn; more commonly [called] the back-end or fall. Oxf.
Afterfeed, the grass that grows after the first crop has been
mown, and generally fed off, not left for an aftermath, as in some
other counties (HALL., WRIGHT); Still in freq. use (K.B.). Cum.1
Efter fetches, after-thoughts or actions. Ess. Butter which
is made from the after-fleetings of the milk, MARSHALL Review
(1817) V. 164. Abd. They . . . gae a nod to her to aftergang,
Ross Helenore (1768) 86. w.Som.1 After grass, the grass which
grows after the hay is gone. It is not a second crop to be
mown, but to be fed. Wgt. After-heid, grass springing up in
the stubble after the crop is cut (A.W.). Cor.2 After-leavings in
washing tin (s.v. Loobs). Brks. After-laies, After-leys, aftermath
or rowinge (K.). Hrt. Our after mead, or second crop, ELLIS
Mod. Husb. (1750) IV. i. 95. e.Yks.1 Bill's awlas efther-most on
'em all, MS. add. (T.H.) Hmp.1 After-shear, the aftermath.
Dor. Another person claims a right to the after-shear, MARSHALL
Review (1817) V. 261. Sc. In the process of distilling whisky, the
strong spirit which comes away first is called the foreshot or fore-
shots; and that which comes last, the aftershot or aftershots
(JAM. Suppl,). n.Yks.2 Efther-smatch, the flavour of anything
after it is swallowed. Dur.1 Efter-temsings, coarse flour. m.Yks.1
After-temsins. w.Yks.1 I hed some efter temsin breead i' t'Aumry.
Cai. Afterwald, that division of a farm which is called outfield in
other parts of Scotland. The outfield land [provincially after-
wald], Agric. Surv. of Cai. 87 (JAM.). nw.Dev.1 Arter-wmding
or Arter-winning, small or light corn [after-winnowing]. Cor.1
After-winding, waste corn.
AFTER, v. Yks. (?) Stf. Der. To take the last milk
irom cows. See Afterings.
Yks. I have only heard this word once in Yks. (M.F.) Stf.1
After, to extract the last milk of a cow the second time ; Stf.2
rak ois Iitl kan, an gu an after th' kai. Der. After the youths had
milked the cows, I aftered them, getting a pint or so from each
(U.K.).
. ARE, adj., prop. phr. Sc- Uniform, equable.
Sc. bne s nx t my lot maist after ane, COCK Simple Strains (1810)
69 (JAM.). Bnff.1 Ye canna gang wrang t'him : for he's eye efter-
ane : an he niver sehns awa ony ane wee a sair hairt
[Syne eftir ane my toung is and my pen, DOUG. Virg.
453> 3°-J
AFTERCLAP, sb. Sc. Yks. Chs. Stf. Der. Lin. Lei.
War. Shr. Glo. Oxf. Ess. I.W. Wil. Som. Dev. Cor. Not in
gloss, of e. An. [a'ftatlap, a'ftaklap.]
1. Ulterior and unexpected consequences, generally un-
pleasant : evil consequence (JAM.).
e.Yks.1, w.Yks.2 s.Chs.1 Unpleasant consequences ; e. g. of the
results of over-indulgence in eating. Stf2 Dunna crow too soon,
wait till th' afterclap. nw.Der.1 I want it sattled ; I dunno want
noo afterclaps [au) waan't it saat-'lt; au) diin'u waan-t ndo aaf--
turtlaap-s]. Der.2 War. (J.R.W.) ; War.2 Shr.1 It's al'ays
best be earful an' sen' some one as knows thar business an'
then theer's no afterclaps ; Shr.2 The consequence, issue, result,
generally received in malam partcm. Glo.1 Oxf.1 After conse-
quences, a relapse. Ess. Which being descried, take heede of
you shall, For danger of after claps, after that fall, TUSSER Hus-
bandrie (1580) 107, st. rf. Wil. SLOW Gl. (1892); Wil.1 Som.
SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885). Cor.1 Something happening
after the cause is supposed to have been removed.
2. Anything occurring when it has ceased to be expected;
a sequel, anything that comes after ; an after-thought.
n.Yks.2 Efther-claps, incidents which arise after matters were
thought to be concluded. w.Yks. BANKS Wkfld. Was. (1865).
s.Chs.1 A sequel, anything that comes after ; e. g. a prayer meeting
after a preaching service, a distribution of bread after a tea meet-
ing, &c. n.Lln.1 Rachel Taylor's 'e a fine waay ; she hed her tent
bairn nine year sin, an' noo she's fallen doon wi' twins ; it's a sore
after-clap for her. Lei.1 Way'n got a affter-clap o' winter this
turn (in reference to a frosty week in April). I.W.2 I don't want
noo aaterclaps. w.Som.1 •Arriere pensee. Au'nur bruyt un noa
aa'dr-klaaps [honour bright and no afterclaps] is a constant ex-
pression in contracting bargains or agreements. Dev. And it [yet],
'tis best as 'tis, perhaps ; We mert a catch'd zom arterclaps, PETER
PINDAR Middlesex Elect. (1816) IV. 206. Cor.1 After-clapses, after-
thoughts. [Amer. An attempt to unjustly extort more in a bargain
or agreement than at first settled upon, FARMER.]
3. In pi. superfluous finery.
Cor.1 I caan't manage the after-clapses.
[What plaguy mischiefs and mishaps Do dog him still
with after claps, BUTLER Hud. i. iii. 4 ; For had he been a
merchant, then perhaps Storms, thunderclaps, or fear of
afterclaps Had made him long ere this the food of worms,
TAYLOR Life of Old Parr; He can give us an afterclap
when we least weene, LATIMER Serm. (WRIGHT) ; It was a
sorry happe, (he) doubted him of an afterclappe, PERCY'S
Fol. MS. (MATZNER). After + clap, a slap, blow, q.v.]
AFTER-CROP, see Attercop.
AFTER-DAMP, sb. Tech. Nhb. Dur. w.Yks. [a'fte-
damp.] The noxious gas resulting from a colliery explo-
sion (WEDGWOOD).
Nhb. & Dur. After-damp, carbonic acid, stythe. The products
of the combustion of fire-damp, NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
Nhb.1 After-damp, the noxious gas resulting from a colliery explo-
sion. This after-damp is called choak-damp and surfeit by the
colliers, and is the carbonic acid gas of chymists, HODGSON A
Description of Felling Colliery. w.Yks. The after-damp completed
their death, N. & Q. (1876) sth S. v. 325. Miners' tech. Carbonic
acid gas, or choke damp, which the miners call after-damp, CORE
(1886) 228.
[After + damp, q.v. ; cp. choak-damp.]
AFTERGAIT, adj. Sc. QAM.)
1. Seemly or fitting.
Lnk, That's something aftergait.
2. Tolerable, moderate, what does not exceed.
Rxb. I'm ill o' the toothache; but I never mind sae lang as it's
ony way aftergait ava. I'll be there if the day's ought aftergait.
[After + gait, way, i. e. after, not out of the ordinary way.]
AFTERHEND, adv. and prep. Sc. n.Cy. Afterwards,
after.
Sc. Mark ye me, friend, that we may have nae colly-shangie
afterhend, SCOTT Guy Mannering (1815) xliv; Get the ferm, an'
efterhand that, ye may kiss, LUMSDEN Sheep-Head, 270 ; It lookit
as if the craytur had gotten its ain back afterhand, ROY Horseman's
Wd. (1895) i. n.Cy. Afterhend, Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.)
[Marshall did sweare afterhend that he had not fylled
him at all, Hist. Kirk 1634-46 (N.E.D.) ; Then is he wise
after the honde, GOWER C. A. n. 31. After+hand; cp.
beforehand, behindhand.]
AFTERINGS, sb.pl. Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Lin.
AFTERMATH
[23]
AGAIN
•. Shr. GIo. w.Cy. Also in the form afterlins w.Yks.1
See below. [a'ftarinz.J
1. The last milk that conies before a cow's udder is
empty ; locally called strippings, drippings, or strokings.
Sc. Till she frae her the massy aft'rins draw, MORISON Poems
(1790) 185 (JAM.). s.Sc. More generally known as jibbings or
dribblings, N. & Q. (1882) 6th S. vi. 54. Dmf. [Jane] furnishes
butter and afterings (jibbings) for tea, FROUDE Thomas Carlyle
(1882) II. 27. Yks. It were only yesterday as she aimed her leg
right at t'pail wi' t'afterings in ; she knowed it were afterings as
well as any Christian, GASKELL Sylvia (1863) xv (DAY.). w.Yks.
Afterings, the last milk of a cow. Also called strippings, Hlfx.
Wds.; w.Yks.1 Afterlins, the last milk of a cow. Lan.1 Jem, let
owd Mally have a quart o' aftherins for a custhert or two. e.Lan.1
Chs.1 2 Afterings, the same as strokings ; Chs.3 The last milk
(generally considered the richest). So called because in all well-
managed dairies, a milker follows after the others to make sure of
the afterings. Stf.12 Der. The strokings, or last of a cow's milk,
GROSE (1790); Der.12, Lin.1 n.Lin.1 Afterlings [are] said to con-
tain the most butter. War. (J.R.W.) Shr.1 Afterings, cf. Drip-
pings. Glo.1 w.Cy. MORTON Cycl.Agric. (1863).
2. The surplus, remainder in a more general sense (JAM.).
Fif. The aft'rins o' a feast.
3. Fig. Outcome, results, consequences QAM.).
Ayr. The bloody afterings of that meeting, GILLHAIZE, iii. 88.
[2. These are the iorepjjuoTa, afterings of Christ's suffer-
ings, BP. HALL Serm. (N.E.D.)]
AFTERMATH, sb. Very widely distributed in midl.,
e.An. and s. districts ; but not given in gloss, of Sc. Dev.
Cor. Also written efter-math n.Yks.2 ; attermath Glo.2 ;
aftermeath Ken.12 [a'ftamajs n. and e.Yks. e'ftamajj,
se.Wor. a'ta-, Glo. ae'ta-.] The second crop of grass which
grows after the field has been mown. Freq. used in pi.
n. & s.Cy. Aftermaths, the pasture after the grass has been mowed,
GROSE (1790). n.Yks.2 Efther-math, the second mowing of grass
yielded by a field in one season. e.Yks.1 w.Yks.4 After-maths,
after mowings, the grass in the meadows, that grows after the
mowing — the eddish. Stf.1 n.Lin.1 The grass that grows when
the hay is cut, more commonly called eddish. Lei.1 Nhp.1 In
strictness aftermath is the second or latter mowing ; but with us
it is equally applied, whether the second crop be mown, or eaten
off the ground ; Nhp.2 War. (J.R.W.) ; War.3 Sometimes used in
wider sense. He cannot expect much aftermath now, he has had
two crops off the meadow this season. se.Wor.1, Shr.1, Pern. (E.D.)
Glo. There was not much hay this year, but the aftermath has been
good (A. B.): Glo.^Brks.1 Bck.N. &Q. (1853)151 S.viii. 102. Hit.
ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) IV. ii. 76. e.An.1 Nrf. Yow can mow
the grass, ye know, and than (then) let the aftermath for £$ (W.R.E.);
Aftermath eddish, same as aftermath, N. & Q. (1853) Ist S. viii.
229 ; Nrf.1 The feed left on meadows after having been mown.
Suf.1 Ken.1 Aftermeath, the grass which grows after the first crop
has been mown for hay; called also roughings [usually called
rowens in e.Ken.] ; Ken.2 Aftermeath, aftermowth, i. e. that which
comes and grows after the mowing. Sur.1 Called also rowen.
Hmp.1 Called also lattermath. I.W.1 n.Wil. The aftermath in the
meadows beneath will not grow, JEFFERIES Wild Life (1879) 21 ;
The feed left on meadows or grass-land after having been mown.
Also called lattermath, BRITTON Beauties (1825). w.Som.1
[After + math, OE. mizd, a mowing; cp. G. mahd, OHG.
mad. The word occurs in FITZHERBERT Husbandry 63,
WORLIDGE Diet. Rusticum, BAILEY (ed. 1721), LISLE Hus-
bandry (Aftermass).]
AFTERNOON, adj. Lin. Wor. Glo. Hrt. Mid. Nrf. Sur.
Som. Dev. See below. Late in performing any work,
procrastinating ; dilatory, slow.
sw.Lin.1 1 call him nobbut an afternoon farmer ; he got no seed in
last back-end. War.3 s.Wor.1 An afternoon farmer, [one] who takes
things easily. se.Wor.1 Atternone-folks, people who are in the
habitof beginning work late in the day. Glo. (A.B.) Nrf. No, no;
he's no business man. We call him an arternune farmer (W. R. E. ).
Hrt. In Hertfordshire we call [declining farmers] afternoon farmers,
ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) III. ii. 4. Mid. N. & Q. (1894) 8th S.
v. 153. Sur.1 He's pretty much of an afternoon man. w.Som.1
Purty arternoon farmer, sure 'nough (s.v. Arrish). nw.Dev.1
Colloq. The ram and snow have come too soon fora few ' afternoon
farmers,' who have not yet put in all their wheat, Standard (Nov.
28, 1889 , 2, col. i. [Amer. Afternoon farmer, . . . one who pro-
crastinates, or who misses an opportunity. ... It is only slang
when used figuratively apart from agricultural pursuits, FARMER.]
AFTERNOONING, sb. w.Yks. [a'ftanuinin.]
w.Yks.Afternooinin, refreshment between dinner and tea, BANKS
Wkfld. Wds. (1865). Afternooning is still heard round Wakefield
but is rapidly becoming obs. (W.F.)
AFT-HANKS, sb. Sh.I. [a'ft-haijks.] That part of a
boat where the bands come together at the stem and stern.
See Hank.
s. & Ork.1
AGAIN, prep. Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also written agaan, agean, agen, agin, agyen. See
below, [agia'n, age'n, agi'n.] Used for against, in most
of its mod. meanings.
I. Of position.
1. Near, beside.
n.Yks. Just ageean t'pleeace where Ah wur bred, Broad Yks.
(1885) 27 ; n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1 Oor spot ligs agaan Helmsla. e.Yks.1
w.Yks. Nelly always sits again John (F. P.T. ) ; Poor Bill, he wur
leynd ageean t'wall, PRESTON Poems, &c. (1864) 24. Lan.1 Agen
th' heawse-eend wur a little cloof o' full o brids and fleawrs.
Chs.1 He lives agen th' chapel ; Chs.3 Stf.1 2 sw.Lin.1 They've
taen a farm agen Eagle Hall. Rut.1 Agen the hedge. Lei.1 It's
close again Bosworth. Nhp. 'Tis agen the running brook, CLARE
Poems (1820) 140, ed. 1873 ; Nhp.1 He lives agen me. s.War.1 He
lives just agin us. Shr.1 Lave that bouk agen the pump w'eer
I put it ; Shr.2 Shut 'em agen the backside o' the house. Brks.1
I left the prong over agin the staayble door. e.An.1 She stood
again the door. If she stood very near the door, it would be more
correct to say ' close again,' or ' right again ' ; if facing it, at some
little distance, ' over again.' Nrf. Agin our gates are all mander
o' plasant fruits, GILLETT Sng. Sol. (1860) vii. 13. Cmb.1 It's up
to your boot-tops in mud agin the Brick Clamp. Ken.1 He lives
down de lane agin de stile. Sur.1 Sus.1 He lived up agin the
Church. n.Wil. Veed yer kids agen th' shepherds' tents, KITE
Sng. Sol. (c. 1860) i. 8.
2. In contact with, touching, resting against.
Nhb. When Dicky's corf was fill'd wi' sic, He let his low and
stuck't agyend [again it], WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) 27. Cum.
Stand aboot int' lonnin, or lig ageann t'dykes, DICKINSON Cumbr.
(1876) 6. e.Lan.1 Chs.1 Th' ladder were rared agen th' waw.
Lin. Ay, roob thy whiskers agean ma, TENNYSON Tiresias, &c. (1885)
Spinster's Sweet-arts ; Sa I runs to the yard fur a lether, an' sets
'im agean the wall, ib. Owd Rod (1889). Oxf.1 'Ee's alen'in
[leaning] agen your warnut tree. Dor. Did fondly lay agean your
zide His coal-black nose an' russet ear, BARNES Poems (1863) 2.
3. Opposite to.
Shr.1 Oud it up agen the light an' then we shan be able to see
w'eer the faut is. Glo.12 e.An.2 Over agin the gate, opposite
the gate.
II. With v. of motion.
1. Against, in violent contact with.
Nhb.1 The keel went bump agyen Jarrow, An' three o' the bullies
lap oot, Little Pee Dee. Yks. He came wi' a crack again t'chap,
BARING-GOULD Oddities (1874) 1. 240. e.Yks. He tummel'd ageean
t'bucket, an cut his heead, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 49. w.Yks.
When one o' my mates shoved another chap ageean her, CUDWORTH
Dial. Sketches (1884) 2 ; w.Yks.1 He ran agaan him. ne.Lan. I geet
my yed jowled agen th' frame o' th' loom, MATHER Idylls (1895)
317. Lan.1 An then — he's hardly wit enough to keep fro runnin
again woles i' th' dayleet, WAUGH Sketches (1857) 28. Der.2 Oi'll
jowl thy yed agen a stoup. Not.2 He joled his 'ead agen a balk.
Nhp.1 They ran again me, and knocked me down. Glo. How the
rain do druvagin one ! BUCKMAN Darke' s Sojourn (1890) x. Cmb.1
When I want to write, there's allus one o' y'r a-joggling agin the
table. Sur. And then he run agin' a man at the bottom of the road
here, JENNINGS Field Paths (1884) 165. Sus.1 He's hind leg flew
up and het agen t'other horse, EGERTON Fits, and Ways (1884)
26. I.W.2 He veil agen it. Som. The wind 'twas beaten' the
drops vrom the chestnut leaves agen' my veace, LEITH Lemon
Verbena (1895) 47. w.Som.1 Ee droa-vd au-p ugiin dhu gee'ut [he
drove against the gate]. Dev. The bellows banged agin' the wall,
O'NEILL Idylls (1892) 26.
2. Phr. to come, go again, to come, go to meet (see
Against, 2); to run again, to meet by chance.
s.Pem. I went again him, down so far as to the bridge. Father,
he'll come again me (E.D.). s.Stf. I chaunced to run agen Steve
Hodgkiss, PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895) 5. Sur.1 To run agin' any
one is to meet him.
III. Of opposition or resistance.
1. Against, in resistance to.
Sc, In case mine enimie say, Thae prevailit agayne him, RIDDELL
AGAIN
[24]
AGAINST
Ps. (1857) xiii. 4. Nhb.1 Cum.1 Ageann t'hand, inconveniently
placed, interfering with progress. w.Yks. For strength, I prayed,
yo (J.P.K.).
Why there Almighty ceare mid cast A better screen agean the
blast, BARNES Poems (1863) 68. Som. It ain't no use a runnin'
agin the law, PALMER Mr. Trueman (1895) 141. Dev. Ha gid min
power agin onclayn spurrits, BAIRD St. Matt. (1863) x. i.
2. Averse to, in opposition to, in depreciation of; with
obj. of person.
Sc. Deacon Clank, the white-iron smith, says, that the Govern-
ment folk are sair agane him, SCOTT Waverley (1814) Ixiii ; Fortune's
been sair agane him (JAM.). Frf. She was ane o' the warst agin
me at first, BARRIE Thrums (1889) 120, ed. 1895. Ir. Cross she
was too, if anythin' went agin her, BARLOW Kerrigan (1894)
43. Nhb. What have ah dune that folkes sud set theirsels' again'
me, CLARE Love of Lass (1890) I. 72. Com.3 Hev ye gitten owt
agean me? 12. e.Yks. Ah dooant kno what theyr sa mitch
ageean ma for (W. H.). Lan. Th'wust witness agen hissel,
BRIERLEY Layrock (1864) vi. Chs.1 We'n nowt agen th' chap.
Der. You hanna towd us why t'other two were agen him, GUSHING
Voe (1888) III. vii. swXin.1 He seemed to tak' agen the child.
I've nowt agen him, but I've heard a many say a deal agen him.
Lei.1 Oi doon't knoo nothink agen 'im. Bdf. Saunders was talking
agen him, WARD Bessie Costrell (1895) 24- s.Hmp. We mustn't
go agin him, VERNEY L. Lisle (1870) xxii.
3. Opposed to, averse to, contrary to ; with obj. of thing.
Gall. Cleg Kelly was again ' tracks,' CROCKETT Stickit Min. (1893)
166. Yks. I was agin it, I was agin it — my mind misgave me,
BARING-GOULD Pennyqks. (1870) 54, ed. 1890. w.Yks. It's agean
orders to tak onny passengers, but tha can come as commodore,
HARTLEY Seets (1895) iii. Lan. We spoke up again' it, GASKELL
M. Barton (1848) ix ; Aw connot tak' money fur savin' a choilt's life.
It's agen' mi conscience, BANKS Manch. Man (1876) i. Chs.1 1 were
allus agen his goin' : Chs.3 Agen the marriage. s.Chs. ' I'll see [say]
nowt agen that. Not. A've nowt to say agen it (L.C.M.). Lin. An'
i' the woosto' toimes I wur niveragin the raate.TENNYsoN A'. Farmer,
Old 5/7/^(1864) st. 4. Lei. He were always again it (C.E.). Wor.
Tom's very bad to come to school, 'e's bitter agen it (H. K.).
Shr.1 'E wuz agen the weddin' altogether ; Shr.2 I'm totally agen
it. e.An.1 I am not for it but again it. Stir. I should like to
hear from your own lips what you've got to say agin it, HOSKYNS
Talpa (1857) 172.
4. In exchange for ; as an equivalent for.
n-Lin.1 1 sattled his bill, an' he gev' me three an' six agean a
sov'rin. Sur. I'll back Common Sense agin' Chemistry any day,
HOSKYNS Talpa (1857) 172-
Hence, of a change of clothes : in turn with, in succession.
s.Not. Ah'll knit Mm another pair o' stockings, then 'e can wear
won again tother (J.P.K.).
5. In dealing with, as regards. [Cf. 'he is a match for it.'l
Hrf.2 He [watchmaker] 's a pretty good un up agin a clock. I
dunna know what a' might be agin a waatch.
6. In comparison with.
s.Not. Yo can faight a bit, but noat again our Bob (J.P.K.)
IV. Of time.
1. Before, against, by, towards.
Sc. Sicken a blythe gaedown as we had again e'en ! SCOTT Guy
Mannering (1815) xxii ; It'll be ready agane Saturday (JAM.).
Ir.And will you be gettin' married agin Shrovetide? BARLOW
Lisconnel (1895) 24. Cum. Dalston singers come here agean Sun-
day, ANDERSON Ballads (1808) Nichol the Newsmonger. Lan. All
customers are expected bi seven o'clock, agen which time the beast
will be kilt, Rossendel Beef-Neet, 6. Chs.1 Our pump allus maks a
mze agen rain. s.Chs.1 My leg's auvay woss agen [on the approach
of] reen [rain]. nXin.1 Th' herse collars is al'us as weet as muck
agean raain. Nhp.1 1 shall be ready agen to-morrow Shr.2 Agen
to-morrow ownder. Hrf.1 1 will do it agin next Sunday • Hrf.2 He'll
come agin Christmas. Glo.2 I'll be ready agen zhip-zhearing.
Luk for t agen Mi-elmas. Oxf.1 1 au'lus 'as a new cwut agen Wis-
suntide. Dor. An' deaisies that begun to vwold . . . Aeean the
night, BARNES Poems (1869) 14.
2r' " Anim5 foiYn view of> in readiness for, any future event.
Ir All this while I had a right to be doin' me messages at
Hanlon s, and the flour and salt a-wantin' agin the supper, BARLOW
Ke'J'gan (1894) 66. sir. That the poor beast may be rested
again the fair, CROKER Leg. (1862) 42. Cum. A youthfu' pair .
'r/'V T invited Agean that dav' STAGG ***• p°»»'*
The Bndewam. w.Yks. Thah mun get mi shooin soil'd
agean to-morn o' t'neet (JE.B.). Shr.1 If I start now I shall get
theer agen the onder. Brks.1 I hev a-got money put by agin
a raainy day. w.Som.1 Mus sae-uv dhai gee-z giin Kuursmus [(I)
must keep those geese in preparation for Christmas].
3. Until.
w.Som.1 Aay kaa-n paay ut gun Zad-urdee nait [cannot pay it
until Saturday night].
[I. 3. He stired the coles til relente gan The wex agayn
the fyr, CHAUCER C. T. G. 1279 ; Than taketh the cristal
stoon ywis Agayn the sonne aYi hundred hewes, ib. R. Rose
1577. II. 1. Lyk betyng of the see ... again the roches
holowe, ib. Hous F. 1035. III. 4. And do good ajeyn
uvel, P. Plowman (A.) xi. 150. IV. 1, 2. Ageyn this lusty
someres tyde This mirour . . . He hath sent, CHAUCER C. T.
F. 142. OE. Otlgtgit, cp. G. entgegen.}
AGAIN, conj. and adv. Sc. Irel. and var. dial, of Eng.
Not in gloss, of e.An.
A. conj.
Of future time : by the time that, before, until. (Cf.
Again, prep. IV. 2.)
Nhb.1 Aa'll be there agyen ye come. Dur.1 Agane (i.e. the time)
he comes hame. n.Yks. Ageean I come yam [home] (I.W.).
w.Yks. Have it ready agean I come back, Hlfx. Wds. s.Chs.1
I shall be theer agen yo bin started. Stf.1 Again, by the time.
s.Not. That'll last yer agen I'm back (J.P.K.). sw.Lin.1 1 got their
teas ready agen they came home. Nhp.1 I shall be there agen
you come. Shr.1 Mind an' 'ave the oven whot agen I come wham;
Shr.2 Agen a mon's paid for iviry thin it taks a dhell o' money.
Glo.1 I'll have it ready agen you come back. Mid. I also destroy
black beedles with a composition which I always keep with me
again it's wanted, MAYHEW Land. Labour (1864) III. 17. Wil.
Mother, cut I 'nother bit 'gin I done this, AKERMAN Tales (1853)
30. Dev.1, Cor.1
B. adv.
1. At a future time, by-and-by.
Sc. Again, at another time; used indef. This will learn ye,
again, ye young ramshackle. Reg. Da/ion, I. 199 (JAM.). Ir. I didn't
do it yet, but I'll do it again (G.M.H.). War.2 Shr.1 1 hanna got
it now, but I'll gie it yo' agen. Wei. I'll pay yah again. When
will yah come then? — Oh, again [not now, next time] (W.M.M.).
s.Pem. I thought as how you'd done with'n, but I can fetch'n again.
Not you trouble to move, I can get it again (E. D.).
2. Phr. to and again, to and fro.
s.Chs.1 To an' agen. Stf.2
3. To one side ; back ; gen., esp. in phr. turn again, to
turn back.
s.Not. Ah'm tired, granfayther, let's turn agen. Auve again,
Oieet again, Come again, and Gee again, various commands to the
horse to turn either to the right or the left. [Within the last few
years] ' gee again ' has been replaced by ' gee back' (J.P.K.). [Turn
again, Whittington, thrice Lord Mayor of London! Pop. Tale.}
4. Of reciprocal action : in return, back. Hence in inten-
sive sense (cf. 'to ring again').
Nhb. She aye gives ye tweyce as gude aghayn, BEWICK Howdy
(1850) 12. w.Yks. It fair dithered ageean (JE.E.}. Der.1 He
snored again. Lei.1 A let 'im 'ave it loike nothink agen [he gave
him a sound thrashing].
5. Comp. Again-call, to revoke (JAM.) ; -calling, recall ;
Agane-say, to recall (JAM.) ; -wards, towards ; -ways, by
the roadside.
S. & Ork.1 Sc. Again-calling, recall, revocation (JAM.). n.Yks.2
It Hew ageean wards o' me [to the place where I was standing].
[Agen ward, back again, COLES Eng. Diet. (1677).] n.Yks.2Ageean-
ways, by or against the roadside.
[A. His cap and pantofles ready . . . And a candle again
you rise, MASSINGER City Madam (1632) in. i. ME.
Ajeyn this cachereles cometh, Pol. S. 151. Cp. the use of
ajeines in P. Plowman : Ajeines thi greynes . . . bigynneth
for to ripe, B. xix. 314. B. 1. I will not again curse the
ground any more for man's sake, BIBLE Gen. viii. 21. 2. To
and again, i.e. to and fro ; see Autobiog. of Sir S. D'Ewes
H. 353 (NARES). 3. Nay, come again, Good Kate, I am a
gentleman, SHAKS. T. Shrew n. i. 217. 5. Ane amerciament
of ane fals dome againe said in the Justitiars court, is ten
pounds, SKENE (N.E.D.).]
AGAINST, prep, and conj. Freq. in Som. Dev. Cor.;
occas. in other counties (see below), but usually replaced
by again, q.v. [agi'ns, agi'nst.]
A-GAIRY
[25]
AGATE
A. prep.
Near, beside.
Not.1 You sit against me.
2. In a contrary direction to ; hence, to go towards, to
meet.
w.Som.1 A young man speaking of a young woman said : Aay
waint ugins ur [I went to meet her]. Dev. I am going out against
him, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Jane is late home til-night . . .
I wish, Jimmy, yii'd go against her! 'Tez gitting dark; us 'ad
better go aginst Jenny, or 'er'Il be a skeard out ov 'er life, HEWETT
Peas. Sp. (1892) ; Tom Wheedon was sent against me with a horse,
O'NEILL Idylls (1892) 21. nw.Dev.1 As I waz komin' back-alung,
I zeed min komin' aginst ma.
3. To go against, to inform against.
Dev. Squire Stephens tanned Dick Carter last night up tfl tha
Cat and Fiddle, and I be summoned til-day tu go against un,
HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1893).
4. In exchange for ; in payment ot.
Dev. Silver against a guinea, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.); I
wanted that money bad enough to go against the boys' boots,
O'NEILL Idylls (1892) 40.
Hence, of a change of clothes : in succession, in turn with.
s.Not. I shan't let him wear his flannel shirt till I've made him
another to wear against it (J.P.K.).
5. In competition with ; compared with.
s.Not. I'll mow an acre against any man in the place (J.P.K.).
Dev. Young against him, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
6. Of time : before, near the time of.
e.An.1 Close against thunder; i.e. thunder is in the air. Cor.3
I'm happy against my birthday. As dazed as a duck against [on
hearing] thunder.
7. In readiness for, in time for.
w.Yks. I'll go against Sunday (J.T.). Som. One of the puddings
kept over from Christmas against sheep-shearing, RAYMOND Gent.
Upcott (18931 60.
B. conj. By the time that (of past or future time).
Dev. Against she had finished her broth, all the items were
packed away in her head, O'NEILL Idylls (1892) 9; Against I got
there it was night, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) nw.Dev.1 You
waan't ha' time vor do't, I tell ee ; 'ginst you've had dinner, twull
be time vor go home again.
[A. 1. Against the Capitol I met a lion, SHAKS. J. Caes. i.
iii. 20 ; Against this fire do I shrink up, ib. K. John, v. vii.
33. 2. Agayns his doghter hastilich goth he, CHAUCER
C. T. E. 911. 4. And do good ajeines yvel god hymself it
hoteth, P. Plowman (B.) x. 199. 5. Hir paroch-prest nis
but a beest Ayens me and my company, R. Rose, 6875.
6. The whyte swan Ayeins his deeth begynnyth for to
synge, CHAUCER Leg. G. W. 1356. 7. Against this coming
end you should prepare, SHAKS. Son. 13. B. Urijah the
priest made it against king Ahaz came from Damascus,
BIBLE 2 Kings xvi. n ; I'll charm his eyes against she do
appear, SHAKS. M. N. D. in. ii. 99. Against, ME. ajeinst (in
P. Plowman), a development with a parasitic t of ajeins,
a)eines, formed from ajein (again, q.v.) with the adv. gen.
ending -es.]
A-GAIRY, adv. Or.I. [age-ri.]
S. & Ork.1 To go a-gaairy, to leave one's service before the term-
day.
AGALD, see Haggle.
AGAR, adj. Cor. [ae'ga(r).] Ugly.
Cor.12 [Cornish, hager, ugly, foul, naughty, fierce (ROGERS).]
AGAR, int. Obs. ? Dev. A form of oath.
n.Dev. No agar, zeys I, vor th'art too ugly to be made a pretty
vella, Exm. Crtshp. (1746) 1. 350 ; There are so many forms of the
exclamation By God ! that Agar is quite likely to be still in use.
The forms generally heard at the present day are Begar ! Begur !
Begor! Begorz ! (R.P.C.)
AGARIFIED, ppl. adj. Suf. [aga'rifaid.] Having ague.
Suf. May be heard frequently. Rather, every one knows it and
uses it at times (F.H.).
AGAST, ppl. adj. Irel. Som. Dev. Also written egast
Wxf.1; ageest, agest, agush'd Dev. [aga-s(t), agrs(t).]
Terrified, afraid.
Wxf.1 Egast, fear. Egasted, frightened. w.Som.1 I be agast
'bout they there mangle ; I verMy bleive the grub'l ate every one
o'm. n.Dev. Agest, terrified, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.); Cham
agest hare'll dra en into a promish wone dey or wother. Exm.
VOL. I.
Crtsh/i. '1746) I. 584 ; O Gracey ! I be all ageest, ROCK Jim an' Nell
(18671 '5 ! Agush'd and Gush'd, for agasted, dismayed, GROSE
(,1790) MS. add. (H.) Dev.3 Agushed, confounded with fear.
[This is a common word in ME. But thei weren affraied
and agast and gessiden hem to se a spirit, WYCLIF (1388)
Luke xxiv. 37; Ne how the ground agast was of the light,
CHAUCER C. T. A. 2931. Agast is the pp. of ME. agasten,
to terrify (found m_P. Plowman), agesten (in Ancren Riwle).
OE. a- (pref?) +gcestan, to frighten.]
AGASTMENT, sh. Dev. [agae-stment.] Also in the
form agushment. Sudden terror.
Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. ;H.) ; Dev.3 Agushment, consterna-
tion. Agastment, terror.
[This terror and agastrnent, NASHE (1594) (N.E.D.).
Agast (see above) + -ment.]
AGATE, sb. War. Oxf. Brks. Mid. Som. [ae-gat.]
The best kind of playing marble, made of glass with
variegated colours.
War. Now obs., but in occas. use about thirty years ago (W.S.B.V
Oxf.1 MS. add. Brks. (M.J.B.) Mid. Aggy marbles were known
round Hammersmith some years ago (F.W.L.). Som. (H.G.)
AGATE, adv. Sc. and all the n. counties to w.Lin.
n.Shr. ; also in Not. War. Wor. Glo. Cor. Also written
agaitSc. n.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 ne.Yks.1 Lan. Lin.1; agyetNhb.1;
ageatCum.2; ageatt Cum.1; agaate Yks. n.Lin.1; ageeat
e.Yks.1 [age't Nhb. Cum. Wm., also agia't. Besides age't
there also occur agia't in the n. and e., and agest in
w.Yks. ; s.Chs. agye't.]
1. On the way, afoot, astir, going about (as opposed to
lying down, confined to house or bed). To gang agate, to
go on the way, make one's way, proceed.
Sc. Agait, on the way or road. Ye're air agait the day (JAM.).
N.Cy.12 I am agate. Nhb.1 Aa's pleased to see ye agate agyen.
Cum.12 Wm.1 Aa's glad to see em ageeat agen. [Also] set
loose, as a horse in pasture. n.Yks. Let's gang agait into t'field,
ROBINSON Sng. Sol. (1860) vii. n; n.Yks.1 Thou's early agate this
morning. m.Yks.1 He's always agate. w.Yks. She wor awlus
ageeat, BLACKAHPo«ms(i867) 37. ne.Lan.1 Chs. I am agate (K.);
Chs.1 Is Jim at work yet? — Oh, aye! he's getten agate again ;
Chs.3 Sometimes when you ask after a sick person you are told
' He's agate again ' ; s.Chs.1 Not.3 He's been laid up for weeks,
but he's agate again. Lin. How the doctor switched Bob Robinson
for saying he'd been agate early, FENN Dick o' the Fens (1888) viii.
s.Wor.1 Glo. Agate, moving, occurring, BfcvLisDial. (1870); Glo.1
Cor.1 p. All agate, descriptive of earnest attention ; iv. Agait, very
attentive, earnest ; Cor.2 All agate, full of expectation, all eye and
ear, on the qui vive.
2. Said of disease or the like : going about, prevalent.
Lan. There's a deal of mourning agait, GASKELL M. Barton (1848)
xxv. w.Wor.1 Thahr's a dill o' fevers agate this 'ot weather.
3. Of a machine or the like : going, in motion, in action.
w.Yks. Wen th' railway gets fairly agait, Haworth Railway (1867)
7, ed. 1886 ; Captain sooin hed wun squirt agate playing at t'glass
winder, Pudsey Olm. (1887)20; w.Yks.3 T'bells is agate [ringing].
Lan. Gooin intu o Factri, wi o steym ingun ogate sumwheer, Sam
Sondknocker, 14. s.Chs.1 Is the machine agate yet ? Stf.2 n.Lin.
When's a uven nota uven ? — When she's agaate, PEACOCK Talesand
Rhymes (1886) 120.
4. Of an operation, process, business, affair: going on,
about.
Nhb. What for sud ye gan, lad ? ... What's agate ? CLARE Love of
Lass(iSgo) I. 124. w.Yks. There is naught agate that fits women
to be consarned in, BRONTE Shirley (1849) xviii ; w.Yks.2 The
washing is agate ; w.Yks.4 The business is agate. Lan. Sin they' rn
so mich sodiering ogate, ORMEROD Felley fro' Rachde (1864)!;
What have they agate at th' owd mill ? WAUGH Besom Ben (1865) i.
Chs.3 At the time of the last comet's appearance some one
observed ' There's a comet agate. ' s.Chs.1 I've gotten my hee [hay]
agate yet. Stf.2 Der. We have brewing a-gate, washing a-gate,
GROSE ( 1 790) MS. add. (P. ) Not.3 What have they got agate now ?
sw.Lin.1 It was a long time agate, but he got master on it at last.
War.2 Wor. It's bin agate a long time (H. K.). w.Wor. Thur
be summat agate, S. BEAUCHAMP Grantley Grange (1874) II. 162.
se.Wor.1 What's agate now ? s.Wor.1, Glo.1
5. Started, set to work ; to get agate, to begin ; to set agate
wi', to start with, get on with ; to set one agate, to start him,
set him on ; to be agate o' or on, to tease, plague, assault ;
to be, go, take, agate, go agate with, to accompany.
E
AGATE
[26]
AGENT
o
agate ;
ageeat wi' pleewing.
Flk-Sp. (1889) 50. w.Yks. It's easy enuff to ramble after yo ve once
started, but its this gettin' agate 'at's soa mich trouble, HARTLEY
Budget (1871) 125; w.Yks.1 m.Lan.1 Iv he were to tek a lass
agate when hoo were gooin' hooam, an' he coom to a gate, id
wod be for him to ged agate o' oppenin' thad gate. s.Chs.1
There'll be noo stoppin thee, nai tha't gotten agate. s.Not. As
get agate my
job, as soon as yo'n a mind. Cum. I set him ageat, RICHARDSON
Talk (1886) 2nd S. 33 ; Ctun.3 Whatever schemes yel set ageeat
'ill widder. Wm.1 Tha set oop a hullybaloo an set t'horse ageeat.
ne.Yks.1 He'll set 'em all agate. m.Yks.1 He was set agate of it.
Lan. Betty set ogate o scrikin ' Murder ! ' LAHEE Owd Yem, 8 ;
Th' injin set agate o' goin, Widder Bagshaw' s Trip (c. 1860) 7 ; You
can find him something to do, Jim ? — Oh ay, I'll set him agate,
WESTALL Birch Dene (1889) I. 303. ne.Lan.1 Stf.2 Der. To set
anything a-gate, is to begin it, or set it a-going, GROSE (1790) MS.
add. (P. ) ; Der.1 Not.3 Set him agate with the weeding o' that plot.
m.Yks.1 He's been agate o' him again. w.Yks. Awlus agaate o'
sumbody, BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865) ; A child will come crying to
its mother and say somebody has 'been agate on him,' Yts. Mag.
(1871) I. 30 ; w.Yks.5 Agaat on his poor wife agean ! [beating her].
Lan.1 Mother, aar Jem's agate on me. e.Lan.1 The boys are agate
of one another [teasing one another]. Chs.1 Oo's [she is] allus
agate o' me. Stf.2 'Er's got a temper like a red-'ot iron, 'er's agate
o' iverybody. e-Lan.1 I went agate with my friend [I went a part
of the way with him]. Chs.2 I have been agate a woman [direct-
ing her in the road].
6. Of a person : going on with work, busy, occupied, en-
gaged upon.
Wm. T'nebbers hard him agaet wi his screeapin' (t'fiddle),
Spec. Dial. (1880) pt. ii. 45. n.Yks. To watch us all agaat, MUNBY
Verses (1865) 65. ne.Yks.1 Ah's kept agate. e.Yks.1 He's ageeat
on a theakin job. w.Yks.1 What's 'to agait on ? w.Yks.3 Who's
been agate o' this? Lan. Get forrard wi what thae'rt agate on just
now, WAUGH Besom Ben (1865) viii ; Aw went an wur soon at
th' Potteries, an ogate, Abrum o' Flup's Quortin' (1886) 12. ne.Lan.
Yo'd nobbud been agate seven-teen year, MATHER Idylls (1895)
331. Chs.2 I am agate a new cart. Stf.2 Not.3 He's agate of a fresh
job now. n-Lin.1 All's gooin' on reight ; she's hed twins and is
agaate yit. When he's agaate on oht noht'll stop him. w.Wor.1
Owd Jem's agate now uv 'is taay'ls ; thahr'll be no stoppin' un.
Shr.1 Whad han yo bin agate on ?
7. When used with a gerund, with or without o', it is
almost otiose, or indicates continuance of action.
Yks. This set ma agate a roaring agean, BINNS Tom Wallop
(1861) 4 ; They kept me agate teaching other folk, TAYLOR Miss
Miles (1890) i. n.Yks.2 It keeps ageeat coming. m.Yks.1 He's
agate o' breaking sticks. w.Yks. Men are agate making new
limmers, LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) v; w.Yks.1 He then
gat agait o' fabbin me, ii. 293. Lan. They were'n olez agate o'
feightin, WAUGH Chimn. Corner (1874) i8,ed. 1879; 'At set mi e'en
agate a runnin', Lan. Sngs. (1867) n; I hope thou'rt not got
agate of meeting-going, FOTHERGILL Probation (1879) vi. s.Lan.
Anoethertoyme, when aw're agatefeyghtin,BAMFORD Walks(i&w)
The Traveller. e.Lan.' We are now agate of working. It keeps
agate of raining. Chs. Bill agate o' 'ammering the last nail,
WARBURTON Hunting Sngs. (1860) 91 ; Her father treated her
mother very cruelly ; he did not beat her, but was always 'agate'
calling \\z<c,Altrinch. Guard. (Apr.24, 1895) ; Chs.1 Agateo' thrashin.
If tha'lt git agate o' getting ait a bit, tha'l git better; Chs.2 He is
agate marling, or ploughing. s.Chs.1 Agate o' mowin'. Der. I was
agate o goin' to Yewdle Brig, GUSHING Voe (1888) I. ix. s.Not.
They've got agate o' mekking paraffin artificially (J.P.K.). Lin.
She'd keep one man agate o' mendin' creddles, PEACocKR.Skirlaugft
(1870) ii; To get a-gait o' coughing, STREATFIELD Lin. and Danes
1,1884) 315. sw.Lin.1 They've gotten agate a-reapering.
8. Apace, briskly.
N.Cy.1 The fire burns agate.
9. Agate o' (?), along of, in course of, by reason of.
I.Ma. Child screwed agate o the teethin', BROWNE The Doctor
(1887) 4.
[A-, on+gate, way, path, road; ON. gala; see Gate.
Some of the mills . . . were set on gate by reason the
streams were so hugelie augmented, HOUNSHED (N.E D ).
ME. He dijt him deliverly and dede him on gate, Win. of
Pal. 1119.]
AGATEWARDS, adv. n.Cy. Yks. Der. Not. Lin. Also
written agateurse n.Lin.1, &c. [age'tadz, agea'tadz,
agi'taz.] On the way towards home ; to gang agatewards
with any one, to accompany part of the way home.
n.Cy. I will set you agates, or agateward, I will accompany you
part of the way, GROSE (1790). w.Yks. To go a-gatewards was
to conduct a guest towards the high-road, the last office of
hospitality, necessary both for guidance and protection, when
the highway lay across an uninclosedand trackless country, amidst
woods and morasses, Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.1 1 gangs agaitards wi
him ; w.Yks.4 To go agatewards with any one is to go part of
his way home. Der. Let's gang agate'ards [go home] (H.R.).
nw.Der.1 Agatart [ligyai-turt]. Not.8 It's time I were getting
agatesward. To go agatesward or agatehousing [agatessing] is to
go part of the way home with a friend. Lin.1 n.Lin.1 If thoo'll
nobbut waait a bit I'll go agateus wi' thee o' th' waay hoam.
[Agate + -ward, with -5, -es the adv. gen. suffix, as in
towards. In agatesward this adverbial s is transposed.]
AGE, v. Van dial. Not given in any s. gloss, except
w.Som.1 [edg, w.Som. eadgi] To show signs of age, to
look old ; to cause one to seem old.
n.Cy. He begins to age, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) Nhb.1,
Dur.1, Cum.1 e.Yks.1 To show signs of the infirmities of old age.
w.Yks.1 My daam ages fast. Chs.1 He's agein' very fast. Stf.12
Der.2 He ages fast. Not.1, n.Lin.1 Lei.1 It's eeged 'im very
sadly, his loosin' on 'er. Nhp. l He ages apace, i.e. looks older in
a short space of time. War.12 Shr.1 The maister's beginnin' to
age oncommon fast, an' 'e inna whad yo' met'n call so owd, about
fifty, or fifty sa'one. Brks.1 Mother's a-bin aaygin vast laaytely
ater her cawld at Kursmas. e.An.1 To grow old, to assume the
appearance of age. Suf., Nrf., e.Sns. He ages very much, that is,
he grows old very fast, HOLLOWAY. w.Som.1 Siinz uz wuyv duyd,
ee du ae'ujee maa'ynlee [since his wife died he ages mainly].
I was a frightened to zee how the old man d'agy.
AGEE, adj. and adv. Sc. Irel. and the n. counties to
Lan. and Lin. ; also Dev. Also written agye n.Cy. Wm.1 ;
ajee Sc. Yks.1 23 Lan. ; ajy Wm. & Cum.1 [adgi'.]
1. Crooked, uneven, awry.
Sc. His nose aye lay On's cheek a-jee, DRUMMOND Muckotr.achy
(1846" 40; Heaven kens that the best-laid schemes will gang
ajee, SCOTT S/. T?OK<IH (1824) x. Inv.Agee, off the straight (H.E.F.).
Rxb. His hat was set awee ajee, RIDDELL Poet. Wks. (ed. 1871)
I. 89. N.I.1 n.Cy. To look agye, to look aside, GROSE (1790) ;
HOLLOWAY ; N.Cy.1 It went all agee. Nhb.1 Hae ye seen my
Jocker, comin' up the quay, Wiv his short blue jacket, and his
hat agee? NUNN (d. 1853) Jocker. Dur.1 Cum. Wardle's [world]
sadly gean ajy, GWORDIE GREENUP Vance a Year (1873) 27 ; Aa's
war'nt ta things'll nit be sa far ajye efter o', DICKINSON Joe and
Geol. (1866) suppl. 4 ; The parson' wig stuid aw ajy, ANDERSON
Ballads (1808) Worton Wedding. Wm. It mud a bin o' a jie, fer
it tummalt slap ower a top et flewer reel afooar ma, Spec. Dial.
(1885) pt. iii. 5. Wm. & Cum.1 Our lot of leyfe's not far a-jy, STAGG
New Year's Epistle, 159. Wm.1 Yeeat hings agye. Yks. 'To look
agye,' to look awry, to look on one side (K.). n-Yks.1 It was all
agee, quite crooked ; n.Yks.23, e.Yks.1, m-Yks.1 w.Yks. When
you've missed attending to things two or three times they go agee
(F.P.T.). n.Lan. T'ian's streit, an t'udar's nat far ajai (W.S.).
ne.Lan.1, nXin.1, Dev.1 [Amer. To have one's hat ajee, BARTI.ETT.]
2. Of a door or gate : half-open, ajar.
Ayr. But warily tent, when ye come to court me, And come na
unless the back-yett be a-jee, BURNS Whistle, and Til come to you.
Edb. When the door was pat ajee, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) x.
Wm.1 Set t'dure agee. w.Yks.2 « Lan.1 Tint dur ; its ajee.
3. Of mental states : agitated, disturbed, slightly deranged.
Sc. It is sometimes applied to the mind, as expressive of some
degree of derangement His brain was awee agee, but he was
a braw preacher for a' that (JAM.). Lan.1 An" when aw meet wi
my bonny lass, It sets my heart ajee, WAUGH Sngs. (1859) Sweet-
heart Gate.
[A-, on + gee. Cp. the gee.' orj'ee/ of a wagoner calling to
his horse to move to one side. Hence the primary sense
of agee, on one side.]
AGENT, v. Sc. [e-dgant] To manage, whether in a
court of law, or by interest, &c. (JAM.)
Sc. I'll employ my ain man o' business to agent Effie's plea,
SCOTT Midlothian (1818) xii ; The Duke was carefully solicited to
agent this weighty business, BAILLIE, I. 9 (JAM.).
ACER
[27]
AGIVE
[Agent, sb. (in the Sc. sense of a solicitor for the Court
of Session or other courts), used as v.]
AGER, see Eagre.
AGEREVER, sb. Obs.l Cor. A fish-name ; the Pollack.
Cor.3 In common use with the fishermen of St. Michael's Mount
and Marazion.
AGESOME, flrf/. Obs.J Sur. Elderly.
Sur. I should say he's somewhat agersome, N. & Q. (1883) 6th
S. vii. 165 ; Sur.1 [Quoting the above, adds] I have never heard the
word in this part of Surrey.
AGEST, see Agast.
AGETHER, adv. Obsol. Irel. Together.
Ir. Agether is becoming obsolete ; hardly ever used by the
peasantry (S.A.B.). Wxf.1
[OE. ongeador, together (in Beowulf).]
AGG, sb. Sh. I. [ag.]
(i) S. & Ork.1 A short breach of the sea. (2) Sh.I. A collection
of light floating articles, such as morsels of straw, scraps of sea-
weed, &c. , found drifting between the string of the tide and the
backwash from the shore ; usually met with on a calm day or
when there is a slight swell (K. I.).
AGGERHEADS,s6.//. Yks. [a'gariadz.] Loggerheads.
m.Yks.1
Hence Aggerheaded, adj.
w.Yks.2 ' He's an aggerheaded fellow ' means he is a dull, stupid
fellow.
AGGL, v. Sh. I. [a-gl.] To soil, to defile.
S. & Ork.1
AGGUCKS, sb. Sh.I. [a-guks.] A kind of fish, the
same as awmucks.
S. & Ork.1
AGHENDOLE, see Eightindole.
AGHT, see Out.
AGIF, conj. e.Yks. [agi'f.] As if; although.
e.Yks. It was twenty year last Cannlemas, bud Ah mind it like as
agifit was nobbut yisthada, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 96; e.Yks.1
He ramped as-a-gif he was mad. Ah likes a bit o' fun agif Ah is
awd, MS. add. (T.H.)
[A-, all +#/(OE. gif) if; see Algif.]
AGIG, adj. Glo. See Gig. [agi'g.]
Glo. Agig, giggling, excited (F.H.); Used by school-children
when racing with one another. He's getting agig [getting first or
foremost] (S.S.B.).
AGIN, conj. Yks. and n.Lan. [agi'n.] As if. See Gin.
n. Yks.1 ; n. Yks.2 It leuk'd agin it was asleep. m.Yks.1 w.Yks.1
I can tell agin't wor yusterday, sin thou hed as nice a long waist
as onnybody, ii. 297. ne.Lan.1
[A-, all +gin, if, prob. a contraction of gie'n, given, i. e.
granted.]
AGIST, sb. Yks. Lan. Der. Not. Lin. War. Suf. Not
in Sc. gloss. Also written gist, jeist, joist (see below),
[dgaist, dgais, Lan. Lin. Der. also dgoist.] Pasturage let
out during the summer for cattle at a fixed price per nead.
Also used adjectivally.
Yks. Gisk \sic~\, pasturage, MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). n.Yks.2
Gist money, the payment for pasturage of cattle that are agisted,
or fed at a stipulated price. ne.Lan.1 Gist [cattle], cattle taken'
in to depasture at a stipulated price. Der.2 Joist, a cow's summer
eating. Not. He takes in a lot of joist beast (L.C.M.) Not.3
Joist, agistment. sw.Lin.1 We've a lot of jeist beast down here
now. War. Joist (J.R.W.). Suf. Joist cattle, CULLUM Hist.
Hawsted (1813) J4°-
[See Agist, v.]
AGIST, v. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Der. Not. Lin. Rut.
Lei. Nhp. w.Cy. Also, by aphaeresis, gist, joist, &c. ;
see below. To receive cattle to graze for a fixed sum ; to
put out cattle to pasture. (The same as Tack, q.v.)
w.Yks.2 Jiste, to feed cattle for hire. Ajist, to take cattle in
to pasture for hire ; w.Yks.3 Jiste, to 'agist' or feed cattle for
hire: used chiefly in the participle 'jisting.' e.Yks.1 Ajist, to
rent a right of pasturage. Jeyce, to agist, or pasture cattle at so
much per head. Lan. Joyst, to summer grass feed ; to let out for
another's stock, MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863) ; Lan.1 Gise, Gist.
ne.Lan.1 Gise, Gist, to pasture cattle on hire. Der. Them two
sheep as is in the croft to joist, VERNEY Stone Edge (1868) ii.
Not. To joist, to take in cattle to feed for hire, BAILEY (1721);
Not.23 Agist. Lin. Each agists his cow at is. 6d. per week, Ann.
Agric. (1784-1815) ; Lin.1 Joist, agist, or to hire for a season
certain pasturage for feeding cattle. M.Lin.1 Giste. They are forced
to sell their heeders, and joist their sheeders in the spring, YOUNG
Lin. Agric. (1799) 325. sw.Lin.1 They tak' in beast to joist. We've
joisted them out by the Trent. Rut.1 It's on'y some ship [i.e.
sheep] he's got a-joisting. Lei.1 Joist, to take or send in to ' ley '
or 'tack.' Nhp.2 Joist. The word is still in every-day use, and
is a Nhp. word of some two centuries standing. w.Cy. To joist,
LISLE Husbandry (1757).
Hence Agisted, ppl. adj.
Cum. Joistered, pastured, LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 306. Wm.
Cattle may be kept through the months of summer upon joisted
fields at a cheap rate, Agric. Suru. (1793-1813).
[To agist signifies to take in and feed the cattle of
strangers in the King's forest, and to take money for
the same, BAILEY (1721) ; To take in and feed cattel of
strangers in the King's forest, and to gather the money
due for the same for the King's use, BLOUNT (1681) ; Glan-
dager les porceaux, to agist, or lay, swine in masty woods,
COTGR. OFr. agister, to lodge, to make to lie, a+gister,
Rom. jacitare (deriv. of Lat. jacere, to lie), cp. Fr. giter:
avoir son gite, ou lieu ou ton trouve a coucher, HATZFELD.
The following illustrations of the aphetic forms may be also
quoted : To gise ground, is when the owner does not feed
it with his own stock, but takes in other cattle to graze in
it, BAILEY (1721); To gise or juice ground, is when the
lord or tenant feeds it not with his own stock, but takes
in other cattel to agist or feed it (K.) ; To joist or jeist
horses, i. e. equos alienos certo et condicto pretio inpascuis suis
alere, vox agro Line, usitatissima, SKINNER (1671) Ddd 2.]
AGISTER, sb. Yks. Not. Lei. Nhp. Hmp. Also written
joister Nhp.2 &c. [adgoi'sta(r), Yks. adgai-sta(r).] An
animal fed by ' agisting.
w.Yks.3 Jister, the animal so fed [i. e. by agistment]. Not He's
got no stock of his own, only joisters (L.C.M.). Lei.1 Joister, an
animal taken or sent in to joist. Nhp.2
[Agist, vb.-^-er. This word seems to occur only in the
dialects. It should be distinguished from agister, AFr.
agtsfour, an officer of the royal forests who takes charge
of cattle agisted.]
AGISTING, sb. n.Cy. Lan. Rut. War. By aphaeresis
gisting Nhb.1 &c. See below, [adgai'stin, adgoi'stin.]
1. The pasturage or ' keep ' (q.v.) ofcattle put out to graze.
N.Cy.1 Gisting, pasturage of cattle, in some places Gisement.
Nhb.1 Gisting, the agistment ofcattle (ois.). w.Yks.5 The ' gisting-
day' is the day whereon pasture-owners have agreed to take in cattle
at a stipulated price per head to feed. The times of agistment are
advertized in the local papers by some of the principal landowners
in the neighbourhood. Lan.1 Gistin. ne.Lan.1 Gisting. s.War. !
What must I pay for his joisting ?
2. Payment for pasturage.
Rut.1 Ajoisting, a payment for feeding and depasturing of cattle.
AGISTMENT, sb. Yks. Lan. War. Hmp. Wil. Also
written egistments RAY. [adgrstment] The feeding of
cattle at a fixed rate ; pasturage ; the right of herbage ; a
tithe. (In the two latter senses, a legal term.)
N. Cy.1 The tithe due for profit made by such gisting, where neither
the land nor the cattle otherwise pay anything, [is] agistment.
w.Yks. Agistment, Fryston Park. — Gaits to let for cows at £2 each,
from May I3th to November ist, 1889. Good water and shelter.
Excellent grass, Advi. in Leeds Merc. (May 4, 1889). e.Yks.1
Ajistment, a right of herbage. ne.Lan.1 The feeding of cattle in
a common pasture for a stipulated price. War. (J.R.W.) s.Cy.
Egistments, cattle taken in to graze, by week or month, RAY (1691).
Hmp.1 Wil. Agistment, the taking in of cattle to keep by the
week or month, DAVIS Agric. (1813).
[Gisement (a contraction of Agistment), foreign cattle so
taken in to be kept by the week, BAILEY (1721) ; Agist-
ment, Agistage, the function of taking cattle into the King's
forest, &c., the herbage or feeding of cattle in a forest,
common, &c., ib. ; Egistments (agistments), cattle taken in
to graze, or be fed by the week or month, WORLIDGE
Syst. Agric. (1681) ; Glandage . . . th' agistment or laying
of swine into mastie woods, COTGR. OFr. agistement, deriv.
of agister.}
AGIVE, v. Dev. [agi'v.] To be pliant, yielding. See
Give.
Dev.3 The frost agives.
E 2
AGLE
[28!
AGREAT
[That they [hops] may cool, agive, and toughen, WOR-
LIDGE Svs/. Agric. (1681). OE. iigifan, to give up, to yield.]
AGLE. see Aigle, sb.2
A-GLEG, adj. n.Yks. [agle'g.] Asquint.
n.Yks.2
AGLET, sb. Sc. Cum. Yks. I.W. Also written yiglet
Cum., aiglet Sc. (JAM.) [a'glat, e'glat.]
1. The metal end or tag of a bootlace, &c. (Cf. aiglet, sb?
Sc. Aiglet, a tagged point (JAM.). Cum.8 Aglet, the metal end of
a bootlace, &c. n.Yks.3 To an aglet, to a nicety, to a tittle. It fits
to an aglet.
2. An icicle.
I.W. Haglet, an icicle (J.D.R.) ; I.W.2
[Aglette, bracteolum, LEVINS Manip. ; Affiquet, a little
brooch, flower, button, aglet, COTGR. ; An aglet [tag of
a point], Aeramentum ligulae; also, an aglet [a little plate
of metal], bractea, bracteola, COLES ; Aglet, the tag of a point,
a little plate of metal ; also a substance growing out of
some trees before the leaves, BAILEY (1721). Fr. aiguillette,
a point (COTGR.), dimin. of aiguille, a needle ; see Aigle.]
AGLEY, adv. Sc. Nhb. Cum. n.Yks. Also written
aglee Sc. [aglr.]
1. Obliquely, aslant, turned to one side.
Sc. Let faction gang fairmaest and right gang aglee, The People
(June 16, 1889) 13, c. 3 ; Why sud I be like til ane wha gangs
agley frae the hirsels o' thy frien's ? HENDERSON Sng. Sol. (1862)
i. 7; Whare has thy belovet gane agley ? lA.vi. i. Lth. Yet bunkers
aften send aglee, Altho' they weel did ettle, STRATHESK More Bits
(1885) Curler's Song, 274. Ayr. The best-laid schemes o' mice
an' men Gang aft a-gley, BURNS To a Mouse (1785). N.Cy.1 Nhb.
His neet-cap thrawn on all aglee, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843)
46 ; Nowt holy ye can find in hor, she's bewty g'yen aglee, ROBSON
Evangelim, &c. (1870) 361. Nhb.1 Cum.2 Sae fine she goes, sae
far aglee, Thatfolksshe kenned she cannotsee, BLAMIRE Poet. Wks.
(1842) 192.
2. To gang agley, to err. go wrong. Used in a moral sense
GAM.).
Rnf. Wehaenamenselike cruel man; Yet tho" he's paukier far than
we, What reck ! he gangs as aft aglee, PICKEN Poems (1788) I. 67.
[A-, on+gley; see Gley, v. (to squint).]
AGNAIL, sb. n.Cy. Lan. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. Nrf. Cor.
Also called angnail, angernajl, hangnail, nangnail,
gnangnail. See below, [a'gnel, a'rinel, na'nnel, Yks.
ne-rjnel.] See Nangnail.
1. A loose piece of skin at the base of the finger-nail. With
great variety of names in the dialects, e. g. backfriend, step-
mother's blessing, idle wheal, fan-nail, idle-warts, idle-
welts, thang-nail, warty- wheals (Nhp.1).
Nhb.1 Anger-nail, a piece of skin at the side of the nail which has
become semi-detached and gives pain. Cum. He had a trouble-
some backfriend or agnail, at which he often bit, LINTON L. Lorton
(i867)xxiv; Cum.iAngnails, Anger-nails, jagsround thenails- nails
grown into the flesh. w.Yks.' Hang-nails, skin over-lapt finger-
nails. Not.1 nXin.1 Nang-nail, a partly detached piece of skin
beside the finger-nails, which gives pain. Lei.1 Nhp.1 A trouble-
some and disagreeable little piece of reverted skin at the side of
thefinger-nail; more frequently called Idle Wheal. Nrf. Hang-nails
shvers, which hang from the roots of the nails, and reach to the
tips of the fingers, HOLLOWAY.
2. A corn, bunion ; ingrowing toe-nail.
Cum. Ang-nails, corns on the feet. GROSE (1790); HOLLOWAY
N.Cy.1 Ang-nails, corns on the toes. w.Yks. Nangnails. Opinions
are divided as to this word : i. Ingrowing toe-nails, 2. corns, *
bunions (S.K.C.) ; Being troubled wf corns and nangnails shoot
not fit for mich walkin' at present, HARTLEY Seets (i89s) ii •
w.Yks a Gnang-nails, corns on the toes. neian.1 Angnail a corn
the toe. nXin.1 Nangnail, acorn, a bunion. There is a black
toSrc^rS^8^8^ UnderthC — of Nangnai, salve
3. A whitlow.
Cor.2 Agnail, a whitlow.
[1. Ane-nail, a sore or imposthumation under the nail of
of ananZY7 (l?°o) \ ^T? a sliP of skin attheroo
BLOI™T ^T VI72I)- 2" ASnaiI> a corn uP°n toes,
toes rW ! *#"$*> a,.corn or aSne'e in the feet or
toes. Garret, an agnail or little corn upon a toe COTGR •
Agnayle upon ones too, corret, PALSGR. P3. A
Ptengtum, COLES (1679). The Yks. and Lin.
is for an older ang-nailwhh the n of the indef. art. prefixed.
OE. ang-ticfg/, the original meaning of which seems to have
been a corn on the toe or foot, a compressed, painful, round-
headed excrescence fixed in the flesh like an iron nail. OE.
angncegl, ang- compressed, tight (cp. ang- in angmod
anxious, angness anxiety, angstim narrow, Goth, aggwiis)
+ ncegl, an iron nail, clavus. Meanings 1 and 3 are due to
a popular association of the word with na.i\ = it»giiis.]
AGO, pp. s.Irel. and Dev. Also written ee-go Wxf.1
[ago', agua'.] Gone, finished.
Wxf.1 Hea's ee-go. Dev. Awl tha tatties be ago. missis ; there
idden wan a-layved, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 45 ; They be all ago,
there idn oneo'm a left, Verb. Prov. (1886)89. n.Dev. There's Dame
an' Maister's chair ; Wi' thick I zem they ba'nt a-go, ROCK Jim an'
AW/ (1867) 28; The blue of the plum is ago, zure, Monthly Mae
(1808) II. 421.
[ME. For now is clene a-go My name of trouthe in love
for ever-mo ! CHAUCER Tr. &> Cr. v. 1054 ; And thus ar
Tisbe and Piramus ago (i. e. dead), ib. Leg. G. W. 916 ; My
lady bright Which I have loved with al my might Is fro me
deed, and is a-goon, ib. B. Duchesse 479. OE. agan, pp. ot
agan, to pass away. See Agone.]
A-GOG, adv. Yks. Som. Dev. [ago'g.] On the move,
going.
w.Yks.5 Gee him a sup o' drink an' he'll soin be agog on't,
alluding to a hobby of a tale that a man is in the habit of telling.
[Of a child on a moving rocking-horse] There, now he's agog !
Som. Off we started, all agog, PULMAN Sketches (1842) 25. n.Dev.
When tha art zet agog, tha desent caree who tha scullest, Evnt
Scold. (1746) 1 228.
[Six precious souls and all agog, COWPER John Gilpin ;
On which the saints are all agog, BUTLER Hud. n ; The
gawdy gossip when she's set agog, DRYDEN Juv. Sat. vi.
OFr. agogiie. In a poem of the I3th cent, occurs the phrase
tout vient a gogue \ HATZFELD). Cp. COTGR. estre en ses
gogues, to be frolick, lusty, lively, wanton, gamesome ; all-
a-hoit, in a merry mood.]
A-GOGGLE, adv. Brks. Hmp. [ago'gl.] Trembling,
shaking with palsy.
Brks.1 An old man was spoken of as being agoggle; he was the
terror of little children from this involuntary shaking of the head
at them. Hmp.1 His head is all agoggle.
[A frequent, of agog. See above].
AGONE, adv. Irel. Shr. Glo. e.An. Ken. Hmp. I.W.
Som. Dev. Cor. [ago'n.] Ago, since.
s.Ir. We started three days agon, LOVER Leg. (1848) II. 291.
Wxf.1 Shr.2 An archaism very common at Wenlock. Glo. They
have told me as 'e be dead twelve months agone, GISSING Both of
this Parish (1889) I. 14 ; Glo.1, e.An.1 Nrf., Snf. HOLLOWAY. Suf.1
Tis three months agon. Ken. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) Hmp.1
Ten years agone. I.W.1 Som. We should a-bin' out o' parish
years agone, RAYMOND Loveand Quiet Life (1894) 193 ; W. & J. Gl.
(1873) ; w.Som.1 Twas ever so long agone. Zabm yuur ugau-n
kaum Kan-lmus [seven years ago next Candlemas]. Such phrases
are quite familiar to all West-country folk. Dev. When old fayther
died, two weeks agone, BRAY Desc. (1836) I. 3a ; 'Twas zome time
agone herwent up til gert ouze, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 45. n.Dev.
They say ' time agone ' for ' some time since,' JEFFERIES Red Deer
(1884) x. Cor. Some years agone, TREGELLAS Rural Pop. (1863) 8.
w.Cor. He went to Africa some time agone (M.A.C.).
[Oh, he's drunk, Sir Toby, an hour agone, SHAKS. Twelfth
JVt. v. i. 204 ; For long agone I have forgot to court, ib. 7 wo
Gent. in. i. 8s; A while agon, GOWER C.A. (Tale of the
Lowers, 9) ; Nat longe agon is, CHAUCER C.T. D. 9. OE.
agan. See Ago.]
AGONIES, sb. pi. Pem. Glandular swellings (?).
LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 419; Never heard [agonies] in this
sense. I he word is used for any great pain. Swelth is the word
for glandular swellings (W.M.M.).
AGRAFT, v. e.An. Suf. [agra-ft, agravft.]
e.An. To lay in, of a tree put into the soil so as to just cover its
roots. Suf. To graft a stock below the surface of the ground. An
old gardener says it is nearly obsolete, and known in no other
sense than the above (F.H.).
AGREAT, adv. Lei. Nhp. Also written agret Nhp.1
[agre-t, Nhp. also agre-t.] Of work : done by the piece.
Lei. Nhp.1 By the great, work taken or let out to be done by
quantity instead of by the day.
AGREE
[29]
AHOME
[Agreat, by the great, by the job, ASH (1795) ; To take
work agreat, i.e. by the piece, BLOUNT (1681) ; A-great,
universe, COLES (1679); A-great, by the great or lump,
COLES (1677) ; Agreat or altogither, universe, BARET ( 1580).
A-, on + great.}
AGREE, v. Sc. GIo. [agrr.] Agree with, agree to.
Sc. I do not agree with it, Monthly Mag. 1^1800) I. 324. Inv.
Used all over Scotland, and very common about Inverness (H.E.F.).
Glo.1 Agree with, to put upwith. What! be you washing the dumb
animal [i.e. a dog] ? a' seems to agree with it very well.
[Agree with his demands, SHAKS. M.for Meas. in. i. 254.
OF r. agreer ; Rom. aggratare, to make pleasing.]
AGREEABLE, adj. In gen. colloq. use. [agria'bl.J
1. Acquiescent, compliant, willing.
w.Yks.1 I's parfitly agreeable tul't, i. 4. Chs.3 He is not agree-
able [refuses his consent]. n.Lin.1 Robud ax'd me if I would hev
him. and I says, ' Well, Bob, I'm agreeable.' Nhp.1 I'm quite
agreeable to it. Oxf.1 MS. add. Brks.1 1 be agra-able vor um to get
married if um be agra-able on t'other zide. e-An.1 1 am agreeable
[agree to your proposal]. Sur.1 1 ast "un to come along of us, but
he didn't seem noways agreeable. w.Som.1 Wau-d-ee zai tile u
kwairrt? — Aay bee ugrai'ubl [What do you say to a quart?— I am
willing to join you].
2. Convenient, suitable.
s.Stf. We'n expect yer when yo con mak' it agreeable to come,
PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895).
[1. Agreeable or conformable, consentiens, concurrens,
ROBERTSON (1693) ; Agreable . . . consentyng to a thynge,
agreable, PALSGR. 305. 2. Agreeable or convenient, con-
sentanens, conveniens, aptus. He hath a nature agreeable . . .
and suitable to all things, ROBERTSON (1693) ; consenlanens,
agreeable, meet, convenient, RIDER (1649). OFr. agreable,
deriv. of agreer. See Agree.]
AGREEN, sb. Cum. [agrrn.] Plant-name, Senecio
Jacobaea (Common Ragwort).
Cum.1 [Also called] Booin, Grundswathe, Muggert, Grunsel.
AGROUND, adv. Lan. Wor. Hrf. Glo. Brks. [agreu'nd,
Lan. agnrnd.]
1. On the ground.
ne.Lan.1 Agrund, on the ground.
2. On foot.
s.Wor. Known in this sense in Stoulton (H.K.). Hrf. Going
aground [on foot], heard some time ago in the Ledbury district
(H.K.). Glo. Commonly used in Vale of Berkeley. Are you going
to Dursley in the cart ? - No, I'm going aground. [Also] used by
an old gamekeeper, at Snowshill (near Stanway) thirty years ago
(J.D.R.) ; Glo.1
3. Of a fox : to earth.
Glo. (J.D.R., Brks.1 The vox be gone aground.
4. Fig. in phr. to run aground, to slander, depreciate.
s.Wor. (F.W.M.W.
[A-, on + ground.}
AGUE, sb. e.An. [e'giu.] Swelling and inflammation
from taking cold.
e.An.1 An ague in the face is a common consequence of facing a
Norfolk north-easter. Ague-ointment, an unguent made with elder
leaves for ague in the face. Suf. Ague, or swelling in the face,
e.An. (1866) II. 325.
[A vehement ague causing an inflammation in the mouth,
emphysodes, ROBERTSON (1693). This is a peculiar use of
E. ague, a feverish attack followed by a cold and shivering
stage. OFr. ague, MLat. acuta, an acute fever.]
AH, int. In gen. use throughout the dialects. Also
written eh. [e.J Interrogative exclamation = What ? What
did you say ? See Ay.
Nhb^Aah! Eh-ah ? n.Yks.2 A-ah, said you ? w.Som.1 Eh ?
Used interrogatively and alone, it means ' what dp you say ?' at the
end of an interrogative sentence repeats the question. Wuur-s
u-biin- tiie, ai ? [where hast been, eh ?]
AHEAD, adv. Dev. [a-e-d.] Overhead.
Dev. Zes I tu a chap, ' What dee call thic a-head ? ' Zes he, 'Aw
that air's tha balune's little maid ' [a small pilot balloon sent up
before the large one], NATHAN HOGG Poet. Let. (1847) 19, ed. 1858.
[A-, on-f head.}
AHEIGHT, «rft>. Yks. [a-ei't] On high, aloft.
n.Yks. [Of a ball, &c.] Shy itupaheight (G.W.W.) ; Lift it up
-height (I.W.).
[Look up a-height ; the shrill-gorged lark so far Cannot
be seen or heard, SHAKS. K. Lear, iv. vi. 58. A-, on + height.}
AHENT, see Ahind.
AHIND, prep, and adv. Sc. n.Irel. and all the n.counties
toChs. and Lin. Also in Lei. Nhp. War. Glo. Also written
ahint Sc. Nhp.1; ahinSc. N.I.1 Seebelow. [Sc.Nhb.Cum.
Wm. o-hi-nt ; Lin. a-ai'nd, a-i'nt ; Lei. a-ornd, Ir. a-hi'n.]
1. prep. Of place : at the back or in the rear of; also fig.
Sc. Vich Ian Vohr and ta Prince are awa to the lang green glen
ahint the clachan, SCOTT Wawrify (1814) xliv ; Hide yoursell ahint
ta Sassenach shentleman's ped, ib. Rob Roy (1817) xxii ; Snawlies
ahint the dyke, SWAINSON Weather f Ik-Lore (1873) 12 ; A woman
cam' ahint him, an' touchet the hem o' his garment HENDERSON
St. Matt. (1862) ix. 20. Frf. Gie the door a fling-to, ahent ye,
BARRIE Licht (1888) 173. Per. There's something ahint that face,
IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush (1895) 25. Bwk. Ahint the kye, HENDER-
SON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 79. Feb. Here he comes with the dog
running ahint him (A.C.). Gall. He canna shut them ahint him,
CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (1895) 367. N.I.1 Ahin, behind. Nhb. Ahint
the bush that bauds the thrush, Coquet Dale Sngs. (1852) 116; Nhb.1
Ahint yor hand [to have some one to look after your interest in
your absence]. Dur. Behowld, he stands ahint our wo, MOORE
Sng. Sol. ( 1859) ii. 9. Cum. ' You oald donkey,' sez a fellow ahint
me, Mary Drayson (1872) 16. Wm. & Cum.1 A stomach fit to eat
t'horse ehint t'saddle, Borrowdale Let. (1787) 131. Wm.1 It stands
ahint t'dure. ne. Yks.1 It's nut mich ahint t'uther. w.Yks.5 Cloise
ahint him. ne.Lan.1 Chs. Lookingk at th' sarvant wench ahint
mi back, CLOUGH B. Bresskittle (1879) 7. n.Lin. An' reaper, 'at's
swingin' ahind 'em, PEACOCK Tales and Rhymes (1886) 80. n.Lin.1
Lei.1 Ahent, Ahind. Nhp.1 Ahint. Not frequent, and confined I
believe to the northern part of the county ; Nhp.2 Ahent.
2. Of time : after, behind.
w.Yks.5 Tha't awlus ahint thee time, ah think.
3. adv. Of place : in the rear, at the back, behind ; fig.
concealed ; ahind afore, hind-foremost ; to walk ahind afore,
to walk backwards.
Sc. Here heids had humps ahint that, tow'rin', seemed A fairy
helmet, ALLAN Lilts (1874) 65. Per. A' mind him gettin' a tear ahint,
and the mend's still veesible, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush (1895) 240.
Gall. The reed lowe jookin' through the bars, and the puir, puir
craiters yammerin' ahint, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) xvii. N.Cy.1
To ride ahint. Nhb. Ah canna rightlys mak' him oot noo ! There's
somethin' ahint, Ah doot ! CLARE Love of Lass (1890) I. 50; We
stagger'd a hint se merry-o, A^. Minstrel (1806 -7) pt. iv. 81; Nhb.1
Come in ahint [the familiar cry of the drover to his dog]. Wm.1
Tha's alias ahint like a coo's taal. n.Yks.1 He's close ahint.
w.Yks.2 To ride at-hint [to ride behind another person on the same
horse]. War.3 Why bless me, child! you've put your hat on ahind
afore. Glo. But this 'ere time I'd a 'ad to leave Willum a-hind,
BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn (1890) 60.
4. Behindhand ; backward (of the state of vegetation).
n-Yks.1 I'm afraid I'm late? — Nae, thou's nane sae mich ahint;
n.Yks.2 All's a-hint w.Yks. Ahinthand (JE.B.).
B. To be ahind, (i) to be in error, (2) to come out of an affair
at a disadvantage ; to come in ahint one, to take the ad-
vantage of one ; to fall ahint, to be disappointed in one's
expectations ; to get on ahint one, see below ; not to be
ahint, to be equal with respect to retaliation or revenge ;
cf. to be even with.
(i) Sc. Ahint, expressive ol error or mistake in one's supposition
in regard to anything (JAM.). (2) n-Yks.1 They say Josey's come
badly on ?— Nae, he's not that far ahint. Sc. 'Had M'Vittie's folk
behaved like honest men,' he said, ' he wad hae liked ill to come
in ahint them, and out afore them this gate,' SCOTT Rob Roy (1817)
xxxvi ; Ye've fa'n ahind there. To get on ahint one, to get the
advantage of one in a bargain, to take him in [said to allude to the
practice of leaping up behind an enemy on horseback, and holding
his hands]. I shanna be ahint wi' you (JAM.).
t4-, at (pref.s) + -hind (cp. behind). Cp. ME. at-hinden,
cet-hindan : Se cyning ferde him aet-hindan, the King
went after them, Chron. A.D. 1016.]
AHM, see Harm, v.
AHOME, adv. prop. phr. Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der.
War. Shr. Wil. Written a-whoam Yks. Lan. ; a-wham
Shr.1 ; a-whom Der. ; a-whum Stf.1 ; a-wom Chs.1 War.
[Sc. s-he-m ; Lan. &c. a-wo'm, a-wirm.] Within doors,
at home.
Ayr., Gall. Ye better bide ahame the day (JAM. Suppl.). Yks.
I felt almost a-whoam, FETHERSTON Farmer, 5. Lan. I ax thur if
AHOMEL
AIGLE
Mr. Justice wur o Whoam, TIM BOBBIN View Dial. (1746) 27
ed. 1806 ; Lan.l For there's no peace i'th world iv there's n
peace awhoam, WAUGH Sags. (1859) Jamie's Frolic. Chs.1
Stf.1 Is the doctor a-whum ? Der. You sitten a-whom here, an
thinken, HOWITT Clockmaker, i. nw.Der.1 Awhom. War. (J.R.W.)
War.2 Awum, s.v. A, pref. Shr^'E wunna-d-a-wham. Wil. The
Headborough shud not ha kept them a whome, Masque (1636; 9.
[A-, at (pref?) +home.]
AHOMEL QAM.), see Awhummel.
AHORSE, adv. n.Cy. (HALL.) Not found in any
n. gloss, or books ; doubtful whether any such wore
exists. On horseback.
[ME. They scholde him sende al the knyghtis That on
hors ride myghte, A/is. 2611.]
A-HUH, adj. Cum. Yks. Lan. War. Nhp. Shr. e. An. Sus.
Hmp. Som. With great variety of forms. See below.
[a-5', 3-5', w.Yks. awoir, a-iu\]
1. Awry, lop-sided, aslant, esp. in ntt-a-huh, all-of-a-huli,
nll-a-one-hoh.
Cum. A-heh, to one side (J. P. ). n-Yks.1 All-ahuh, all on one side,
awry, askew. m.Yks.1 w.Yks. [Of a faulty knife] Ah, I see, it's
all awow (S.O.A.). ne.Lan.1 Ahuh. All-of-a-heugh, all on one
side. Nhp.1 You've put your shawl on all ahuh. If the word
is preceded by the pronoun ' one,' the a is dropped, and it is said to
be ' all of one huh ' ; Nhp.2 The luoad's all ahoh. War. Ahuh, all-
of-a-heugh (J.R.W. ). Shr.1 All-a-yock, all awry ; Shr.2 Ayoh,
Ahuh, Aumph, All ayoh. Brks.1 A rick is said to be all-a-ho when
settled out of the perpendicular. e.An.1 Ahuh, better Ahoe, and
sometimes All-of-a-hugh ; e.An.2 That is not flush,— it stands all-a-
one-hoh. Sns. Ahuh, HOLLOWAY. Hmp.1 All-a-hoh. I.W.2 All
of a hoogh, out of shape, or place. That ere wut rick is all of
a hoogh. Wil.1 All-a-huh, All-a-hoh, unevenly balanced. That
load o' earn be aal-a-hoh ; Wil.2 All-a-hoh. w.Som.1 Why, thee's
a got the rick all a-ugh ; he'll turn over nifdus-n put a paust toun.
An' wunt yer onner ha that wee-wowy auld olive down ? I do
zim he do grow all a huh like. Dhik-ee pau's uz au-1 uv u uuh
[that post is quite one-sided]. Poor old fellow, he is come to go
all of a ugh. Tech. Slang. Why, 'tis all-a-hoh like a dog's hind-
leg [in printing, of matter made up ' out of the straight '] (W.W.S.).
2- Fig. (i) Wrong, not 'straight,' straightforward, or open ;
cf. Agley, 2 ; (2) upset, vexed, anxious.
( i) Yks. It was all ahug on 'em to deu that way ; they wanted to
deceive 'em (W.H.). (2) Hmp.1 He was quite a-hoh because a
shower came^on, he thought 'ud spoil his hay.
[OE. awoh, aslant, wrongfully, comp. of woh, crooked,
awry ; cp. Goth, wahs (in unwatts, blameless).!
A-HUNDRED-FALD, sb. n.Cy. [a-vrndadfald.] Ga-
hutn verum, Our Lady's Bedstraw.
n.Cy. As the flowers are exceedingly numerous and clustered our
common people call the plant A-hundred-fald, JOHNSTON Bot e
Bord. (1853) ioo.
A-HUNGERED,//. Brks. [a-u-ned.] Hungry.
Brks.1 I be a-veelin' ahungerd.
[He was afterward an hungred, BIBLE Matt. iv. 2 (Alt the
last he was an hungred, TINDALE). In P. Plowman occur
the : forms an hungred (c.) x. 85, ahungerd (-s.) xix. 123. OE
V-fyngroct wof of-hyngrian, to be excessively hungry.]
•5 UI*GRY, ao). Wor. [a-B'rigri.] Hungry.
se.Wor.1 A-ongry, hungry.
JPSF** a'tends vou- sir.— I am not a-hungry, SHAKS
M.Wves i. ,. 280. The prefix is perhaps duf to the in-
fluence of a-hungered (above) ; see A- W«n
AL, see A-, Oa-, Ou-, Ow-.
AIBLINS, see Ablins.
. Obs. Sc. (JAM.) An echo.
the
Sc'
To echo.
s aiken-
siAeMof^cL, uled forTa?^"' * ™
[Etym. unknown.]
frae bank to
. »"o«t
AICHEE, sb. Glo. Also written akee. [ai'kl, a'ke.]
The hedge-sparrow.
Glo.1
[Perhaps forms of 1 key, familiar form of Isaac (hedge-
sparrow), probably by popular etym. for ME. /leysugge
(hedge-sparrow) in CHAUCER M. P. v. 612, and Owl & N.
505. OE. hegesugge. See Haysuck.]
AID, sb. Shr. Also written ade Shr.2 [ed.] A gutter
or ditch cut across a ploughed field.
Shr.1 Aid, a gutter cut across the'buts'of ploughed lands to carry
off the water from the 'reans' ; Shr.2 I imagine it means simplvan
aid for the water to escape.
[Perhaps the same word as Ade, q.v.]
AID, see Hade.
AIDEN, see Eident.
AIFER, sb. Obs. Sc. (JAM.)
Slk. Aifer, a term used by old people in Ettrick Forest, to denote
the exhalations which arise from the ground in a warm, sunny day :
now almost obsolete.
[Etym. unknown.]
AIG, sb. Obs. or obsol. n.Cy. Sourness.
N.Cy.1 Aig, sourness, in a slight degree. The milk has got an aig.
[Cp. Fr. aigre, sour ; see Aigre.]
AIG, ad'
— , Jdj. w.Yks. [eag.] Eager.
'.Yks.5 Speaking of a profitless occupation, a man says that he
isn't so aag after that business.
[Fr. aigre, eager ; see above.]
AIGAR, sb. usually in pi. Obs. or obsol. n.Sc. Also
written aiger, egger, egges. See below.
n.Sc. Aigars, grain dried very much in a pot, for being ground in
a quern or handmill (JAM.).
2. Comp. Aigar-brose, Aigar-meal.
n.Sc. Aigar-brose [is] a sort of pottage made of [aigar] meal.
Aigar-meal is meal made of grain dried in this manner (JAM.).
Sc. I have met with only one person having heard of aiger-meal.
She had many times heard her mother with several old people tell-
ing that when children [came] running in hungry at dinner-time,
it would be said to them, ' You are coming in for your aiger-meal '
MACDUFFSC.M 6- g. (1891) IV. 78; Others made use of egger meal,
consisting of equal portions of oat, pease and bear meal. It took
rise from the beggars mixing different kinds in the same bag,
RAMSAY Sc. in Eighteenth Century (1888) II. 202. Per. It is known
to many old people in Thornhill, but the word [aigar-meal] is not
now used because the mixture— oatmeal and pease meal, the larger
proportion being pease meal — is no longer made (G.W.).
[Etym. unknown.]
AIGH, v. w.Yks. [e.]
Aigh, to frighten, to control through fear, or awe,' Hlfx. Wds.
[Cp. ME. aighe, eighe, OE. ege, cege, fear, dread, Goth.
agis ; related to ON. agi, whence lit.E. awe.]
AIGHINS,s6.//. n.Sc. (JAM.) Owings ; what is owing
to one ; esp. used as denoting demerit.
n.Sc. I'll gie you your aighins [used in threatening to correct a
child].
[Aighin, vbl. sb. of aigh (lit.E. owe], OE. agon, to possess.]
AIGLE, sb. Midi, counties, Shr. Also in Dev. Also
written agle S.Wor.1 [egl.]
1. An icicle.
Midi. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1790). Lei.1 Aigle, Iggle. War.3
3ron. iggle. w.Wor.1 See ahl them aigles 'angin' to the thack;
tis mighty teart this marnin'. Shr.1 It must a bin freezin 'ard
the neet, theer's aigles o' ice 'angin' from the aisins.
2. A spangle, tinsel ornament. ? Obs.
Shr.1 Aigles, obs. ? Han 'ee sin Bessy Pugh sence 'er'scomen back
nrom Lunnun ; 'er's got a bonnet as shines all o'er like aigles on
i showman ; Shr.2 Aigle, Aiglet, a spangle, the gold or silver tinsel
irnamenting the dress of a showman or rope dancer.
3. Scintillations such as appear on the surface of iron pots
when removed from the fire.
Shr.1 Aigles ... are supposed to be lamillae of salts of iron,
aused by the decomposition of the pots by the gases from the fire.
Mind w eer yo' put'n that marmint aw'ilde the aigles bin on it.
4. Comp. Aigle-tooth, a tooth sharp and pointed like a
needle.
n.Dev. Stiverpowl George, wi' th' aigle tooth, ROCK Jim an' Nell
1867) 31.
[Fr. aiguille, a. needle, also used of various things termi-
nating in a point (HATZFELD). See Aglet, Haggle-tooth.]
AIGLED
AIM
AIGLED, ppl. adj. Shr. Covered with ' aigles.' See
Aigle, 2.
Shr.2 He's aigled all o'er.
AIGRE, adj. n.Cy. w.Yks. Lan. Dor. Obsol.
1. Sour, tart.
n.Cy. Eager, Aigre, sour, tending to sourness, sharp, GROSE ( 1790)
MS. add. (P.1) Cum. GROSE (1790). Yks. Aygre . . . still in use
(HALL.). w.Yks.1 ; w.Yks.5 Aagar beer, turn'd sour with, or by
reason of, the thunder. n.Lan. It's a lile bit ower aigre [said of
vinegar] (W.H.H.). Dor. Eiger, BARNES Gl. (1863).
2. Of wind: sharp, cutting.
Cum. Eager, Aigre, sharp, sometimes applied to the air, GROSE
1,1790). n.Lan. '.W.H.H.)
[1. It doth posset And curd, like eager (aygre, 1602)
droppings into milk, SHAKS. Ham. i. v. 69 ; Aigret, some-
what tart, sharp or eager, COTGR. ; Breed Kneden with
eisel strong and egre, CHAUCER R. Rose 217. 2. It is a
nipping and an eager ayre, SHAKS. Ham. i. iv. 2. OFr.
aigre, sharp, keen, sour.]
AIGRE, see Eagre.
AIK, see Hake.
AIKER, see Acre.
AIKERIT, adj. Obs. Sc. (JAM.) Also written aikert,
yaikert.
Twd. Aikerit, eared. Weil aikerit, having full ears ; applied to
grain.
[A deriv. of OE. cehher, eher (Nhb.), ear (WS.), an ear of
corn ; see Icker.]
AIKIE GUINEAS, sb. pi. Sc. (JAM.)
Rnf. Aikie guineas, the name given by children to small flat
pieces of shells, bleached by the sea.
AIKRAW, sb. s.Sc. The Lichen Scrobiculatus (JAM.).
s.Sc. L. Scmbiculatus, pitted warty Lichen, with broad glaucous
leaves: Anglis. aikraw, LiGHTFOOT/YoraS«>ftaj(i792)85o-i(jAM.).
[Aik, oak + raw. For raw, cp. Stane-raw, a name of the
Rock-liverwort.]
AIL, sb.1 Yks. Hrt. Hmp. Som. [eal, el.] An illness,
ailment, or complaint.
Hrt Staggers and other ails, ELLIS Mod. Husb. (1750) III. i. 69.
Hmp. The ail or complaint layalong th' chine, WHITE Selborne(l^8S)
280, ed. 1853.
2. An evil.
n.Yks.2 Ails, evils.
3. Comp. Quarter-ail.
Som. Ail, ailment, disease in the hind-quarters of animals, quarter-
ail, W. & J. Gl. (1873).
[An ayl, an illness, sickness, BAILEY (1721) ; Aile, tnor-
bus, COLES (1679). ME. The word occurs in the form
tile, meaning pain, in Ancren Riwle (c. 1230) 50. OE. egle,
troublesome, grievous. Cp. Goth, agio, distress.]
AIL, sb.2 Rarely sing. Nhp. War. Won Hrf. Glo. Brks.
Hrt. Ess-. Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp. I.W. and all sw. counties.
Also written aile Wil. Cor.1 ; eyle Wil.1 ; ile War. Hrf.2
Ess.1 Ken.12 Wil.1 w.Som.1 Dev. Cor.1; oil Sus.1 Hmp.1
Dev.4; oileCor.1; hail Wil. ; hile Dev. Cor.1 ; hoilDor.1;
hoile Ken.1 See below, [ail, m. oil.]
1. The beards or awns of barley or any other bearded
grain ; rarely, the husk of any corn.
Nhp.1 Ail, or Ayl, the beard or awn of barley. Pile is synony-
mous in Stf. and Wor. War. Ails, or lies (J.R.W.). se.Wor.1
Hrf.2 lies, awns of barley, cone wheat, &c. [see Spiles]. Glo.
Ails, called awns in the north, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (M.) ; Glo.1
Ails. Hrt. Tails, or Ails, ELLIS Mod. Husb. (1750) VI. iii. 71. Ess.
Ails, see Awns, RAY (1691). Ken.12, Sur.1, Sus.1 I.W.12Aails,
beards of barley, called barley aails. Wil.1 The black knots on the
delicate barley straw were beginning to be topped with the hail,
JEFFERIES Gt. Estate 1^1880) i. Dor.1 w.Som.1 Ails, the beard of
barley when broken off from the grain. These little spears are
always called baar'lee aayulz. The individual husks of any corn
are also called aayulz. The term is only applied to the separated
spear or husk— never when still attached to the grain. Ee-v u-gau -t
u aa-yul u daewst een dh-uy oa un [he has an ail of dust — i.e. a
husk in his eye]. Dev. Yu can't use barley-dowst vurbedties, 'cuz
tha iles wid urn inttt 'e, HEWETT Peas. Sfi. (1892) s.v. Barley-ile.
Cor.i Hile, Aile, Ile.
2. Comp. Barley-ail.
Brks.1 Barley-oyles. Hmp.1 Barley-oils, the beard or prickles.
Dev. Barley-ile, the beard of ripe barley, HEWETT Peas. Sp. ^1892,.
Hence Aily, adj.
Nhp.1 If any of the awns adhere to the corn after it is dressed for
market, it is said to be ally.
[Ails, beards of wheat, BAILEY (1721) ; An oile (beard
of corn), arista, COLES (1679); Iles, or Giles, WORLIDGE
Syst. Agric. (1669) ; Areste, the eyle, awme, or beard of
an ear of corn, COTGR. ; These twice-six colts had pace so
swift, they ran Upon the top-ayles of corn-ears, nor bent
them any whit, CHAPMAN Iliad (1603) xx. 211. OE. egl;
occurs in Gospels, Hwi gesihst J>u ba egle on bines brobor
eagan ? Luke vi. 41.]
AIL, v. In gen. dial, use in Sc. and Eng. Also written
eelieSc. [el.]
1. To aftect with pain or uneasiness ; to trouble.
Sc. What's ailin' ye, Peter? IAN MACLAREN Auld Lang Sync
(1895) 122. Wm. & Cum.1 What ails ta Jemmy, CLARK Seymon
and Jammy (1779) 1. i. n.Yks.2 That's in 'em that ails 'em [persons
have naturally the kind of temper they usually exhibit]. ne.Lan.
Whatailsthee? MATHER/rfy//s(i895)258. e-Lan.1 Not.2 What ails
thee ? Nhp.2 Dunna kneow what ealt him. Glo. What ails you ?
BAYLIS Illtts. Dial. (1870). [What aileth you ? (K.).]
2. To be unwell or suffering in body, to have something
amiss with one ; to ail away, to dwindle.
Sc. The strangirs sail eelie awa'. RIDDLE Ps. (1857) xviii. 45;
Ane skaddaw that eelys awa', ib. cii. i r. n.Cy. (W.W.S.) Nhb.
Ailiet away (R.O.H.). Cum. She's varra ailing, LINTON Lake Cy.
(1864) 295; Gl. (1851). w.Yks. It niver did ailowt at aw know
on, HARTLEY Budget (1867) 20. e.Yks.1 Hoo's thy wife, John ?
— Whah, shee's nobbut ailin'. Wor. Mr. Jones enjoys a very
fair share of health ; he's allus ailding (H.K.). w.Wor.1 This
casselty weather dunna suit the owd folks; grandad's but aildin'
like. Ess. More stroken and made of when ought it [a calf]
doo aile, More gentle ye make it, for yoke or the paile, TUSSER
Husbandrie (1580) 81, st. 31.
3. To have cause for dissatisfaction against, to object to.
Sc. What ails ye at them as they are, OLIPHANT Lover and Lass,
ix. Yks. What does ta ail at him (S.P.U.); What do you mean
about a new chapel, Sammy ?' What ails ye at t'oud 'un ? TAYLOR
Miss Miles (1890) ii. Dev. Somebody eales me, or is railing at me,
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (M.)
4. To hinder, prevent.
Sc. What suld ail me to ken it? SCOTT Rob Roy (1817) xviii.
[' What can the fool mean ? ' said old Richard, ' what
can he ail at the dogs ? ' HOGG Tales &° S6. 288. What
ayled the O thou see that thou fleddest, COVERDALE Ps.
cxiv. 5. OE. eglan, to trouble, afflict.]
AILDY, a<#. Yks.(ofe.) Nhp.Hnt. [el'di.] Ailing, poorly.
n.Yks. Ise grown seay healdy, I mun gang to bed, MERITON Praise
Ale( 1697) 1.246. Nhp.1 1 be very aildy to-day. Hnt. Aildy (T.P.F.).
[A pronunc. of aily, ail, vb. + -y.]
AILE, see Aisle.
AILER, see Helen
AILING, vbl. sb. Sc. Yks. [e'lin.]
Sc. Ailin, sickness, ailment (JAM.). w.Yks.5 A long-standing ill-
ness is an ailing.
[See Ail, v.]
AILING-IRON, sb. War. Som. [e'lin-aian, ea'lin-
aian.] An implement for breaking off the ail or spear
from barley, sometimes called a piling iron or barley stamp.
War. Ailing-iron, hand implement for hummellingbarley, MORTON
Cyclo. Agric. (1863). w.Som.1 See Barley-stamp.
[A deriv. of Ail, sb.2]
AILSA-COCK, sb. Sc. n.Irel. [elsa-kok.] The Puffin,
Fratercula arctica ; so called from its breeding about Ailsa
Craig in the Frith of Clyde (C.D.). See Puffin.
Sc., Ant. Ailsa Cock (so called from its favourite haunts), the
Puffin, SWAINSON Birds (1885) 220. N.I.1 See Puffin.
AILSA PARROT, sb. Sc. Ant. The Puffin.
SWAINSON Birds (1885) 220.
AIL-WEED, see HeU-weed.
AIM, sb. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. War. [em.] An idea,
conjecture ; a like aim, a shrewd guess.
Lan. I don't know, but I have a like aim (H.M.). Chs.1 Do
you know who did it? — Now, bur aw've getten a loike aim.
s.Chs.1 I shall have a better like aim, if yo'n tell me yur price.
Stf.2 Used by old people in the Audley district. Bles dhi,
wensh. oiv nu loikaim Der.2 Aim, attempt nw.Der.1 Aim, idea,
comprehension of any matter. War. (J.R.W.)
AIM
[32]
AIR
[But fearing lest my jealous aim might err, And so un-
worthily disgrace the man, SHAKS. Two Gent. in. i. °
See Aim, v. 2.]
AIM, v. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Der. War. Wor. Hrf.
Glo. Dor. Som. Dev. See below, [yam, iam, earn, em.]
1. To plan, intend, purpose ; to attempt, endeavour.
Cum. I nobbet aim't 1 11 ha' kiss't her, GILPIN Pop. Poetry (1875)
64 Cum.1 He aims to be a gentleman. Cum. & Wm. ' Now
mistress,' said a hospitable farmer to his wife when a friend called.
'if you aim us owt, give us't suin'[if you intend to give usaglass,
do it at once] (M.P.). Wm. Aaiming to hev a good conscience,
HUTTON Bran New Work (1785) 1. 24. Yks.1 Ah dizzint seea hoo
thoo yams tu keep a wife when thoo's gitten her, MACQUOID
D. Barugh (1877) xxii. n-Yks.1 Ah's seear he aimed o' coming.
w.Yks. Ah hedn't aimed hevin' ony (J.R.) ; w.Yks.5 Whear's
tuh aam going to morn ? Lan.1 Hoo'd ha made a rare wife
for onybody 'at had ony sense — hoo would that ! Awd aimt
her dooin weel, and hoo met [might] ha done weel too,
WAUGH Owd Blanket (1866) iii. Der.2 Aim, to attempt. War.2
I aim to do my best for him. I aim and scheme, but nothing
goes well. Wor. Aim to, to intend to (H. K.). w.Wor.1 'Er aimed to
pick it up, but 'twere too 'eavy fur 'er to 'eft it. Hrf.2 You bain't
haimin to muv. I did aim to come. Glo.1 I aimed to come to
Gloucester last wick. Dor. Aiming to arrive about the breakfast
hour, HARDY Tess (1891) 204, ed. 1895. w.Som.1 Niivur muyn
dhur-z u dee-ur, ee daed-n aim t aa-t ee [never mind, there's a
dear, he did not intend to hit you]. Ee du aim tu bee mae-ustur,
doa-unur? [he intends to be master, does he not?] Be sure
nobody widn never aim vor to break in and car away your flowers
[' carry away ' is a common euphemism for steal]. Dev.3 He aimed
to kill his missus, and then he cut his own droat.
2. To suppose, conjecture ; to anticipate, forecast, expect.
Yks. Ah aims there's shops in Steersley, MACQUOID D. Barugh
(1877) bk. i. i. n.Yks.1 What o'clock is it, aim you? I never
aimed he wad ha' ganned yon gate ; n.Yks.2 I aim'd varry badle
[I acted on mistaken views]. w.Yks.5 Whears tuh aim o' going
tul . . . when tuh dies if thah cheats a body an' leuks 'em it't faace
i' this waay ?
3. To aim for, to have : designs upon; of a road, &c., to aim
to, to run in the direction of.
e.Yks. Ah'Il yam fo' sum rich farmer sun, Spec. Dial. (1887) 10.
ne.Yks.1 Yon rooad yams ti Whidby.
4. To prepare to throw, to throw.
w.Yks. He's aimed a stoan at mi heead (S.K.C.). War.2 Don't
you aim at me. Glo.1 Aim, to throw stones.
[1. The ground which we aim to husband must be fat,
WALKER (1680) ; That never aim'd so high to love your
daughter, SHAKS. Per. n. v. 47. 2. Heli therfor eymyde
hir dronken, WYCLIF (1382) i Sam. i. 13 (gesside, 1388) ;
Ah, Nell, forbear ! thou aimest all awry, SHAKS. z Hen. VI,
n. iv. 58. OFr. aemer, aesmer, to esteem, consider ; Rom.
adestimare ; Lat. ad+ aestimare.}
AIM, adj. Yks. Chs. Stf. Der. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Ess.
Also written earn, eem Chs.1 ; erne Shr.12 [em.]
1. Of numbers : even.
w.Yks.3 Odd or aim, odd or even.
2. Straight, direct, near, close, of distance, &c., esp. in an
aimer gate, a more direct road ; so, a nearer way Fig
nearly akin, related.
w.Yks. Eym-anent, directly opposite, GROSE (1790) MS. add.
(P.) Chs. This is the heamest road. Come heamer (E.F.) ; Chs.1
You mun go dain th' aimer gate. He lived aimer this way afore
: took yon farm ; Chs.2 Eamby, close by, at hand ; Chs.3 Are
yow going to Knutsford by the road ?— No, au knows an aimer gate.
s.Chs.i They liven eeam by the chapel. Stf.1 Aimer, Aymer ; Stf.2
1 hat big sojer theer wur aimer to th' target nor ony on 'em. Put
s'ePs a bit aimertowart. Der. & Stf. Aimest road (J.K.). Der.2,
nw-Der.1 Eighmer. War.3 w.Wor.1 The emest waay is across
the crafts. Shr. It is quite eem here, not a mile away (E.P.) :
Aimer is a well-known word here (W.W.S.) ; They bin too erne
'"01' (G'FJ-) ; Shnl Cross them filds. it's the
Thls road is full as erne as the tother. Hrf.2
m
emest
fi863)'ll I'sT'
3. Fig. mean, stingy, ' near.'
Tmns-
[1. Possibly wehaveazw in the sense of 'even' in COTGR
Jouez vostrejeu, play an aim cast (at bowles) ME emne,
em- (in compounds), as in emcristen, i.e. even-Christian,
fellow-Christian ; OE. efn (emn) even, cp. ON. jamn.]
AIMATION, sb. n.Yks. [erne-Jan.] Guesswork.
n.Yks.2 We shall get it by aimation. We rooaded it by aimation
[took the road we supposed to be the right one], A soort of aima-
tion [a piece of guesswork].
[Aim, vb. (see 2) + -ation ; a late analogical formation.]
AIMES. see Hames.
AIMLESS, adj. Stf. Der. [e-mlas.] Senseless.
Stf.1; Stf.2 Oi wor moiSard till oi wor emless. Stf. & Der. J.K.
Der. He's a gawky, aimless sort of chap (H.R.).
[Aim, sb. (purpose) + -less.]
AIMSOME, adj. Yks. [I'msam, ye-msam.]
n.Yks.2 Aimsome, ambitious, speculative. m.Yks.1
{Aim, sb. (purpose) + -some.]
AIMSTART, sb. n.Yks. [e'mstat.] A starting-point.
n.Yks.2 This mun be your aimstart.
[Aim, sb. (purpose, object) + start.]
.AIMY, adj. Chs. [e'mi.] Shrewd.
Chs.1 Ee wur a aimy sort o' chap, ee wur.
[Aim, sb. (purpose) + -y.]
AIN,sb. Yks. Not. Lin. Also written ane w.Yks.8 ;
hane Lin. The awn or beard of barley or bearded wheat.
w.Yks. So called in Keighley district (J.R.) ; Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.3
Not.3 Lin. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
Hence Ainded, ppl. adj. having awns or ' ains.'
w.Yks. (J.R.) ; w.Yks.2 Ainded wheat, wheat with bearded chaff.
[Anes, awns, spires or beards of barley and other
bearded grain, BAILEY (1770) ; Flaxen wheate hath a
yelowe eare, and bare without anis, FITZHERBERT Hus-
bandry (1534) 40. OE. cegnan, pi., chaff (Corpus GL, 1526).]
AIN, see Hen.
AINS, see Even.
AINT, see Anoint.
AIN'T, see Be.
AIR, sb.1 In var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Ens fir
ea(r), vea(r).]
1. The sky, clouds.
Chs.1 The air broke red [of an aurora borealis]. It shows for
rain, the air is so low. War. (J.R. W.)
2. A current of air in a mine.
Nhb. &Dur. Air, the current or volume of air circulating through
and ventilating a mine, GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
3. Air of the fire, the heated atmosphere surrounding a
fire ; to take an air of the fire, to warm oneself.
Don. Come in, good woman, an' tak' an air o' the fire, Cornh.
Mag. (Feb. 1877) Fit-Lore. Cav. Take an air of the fire this
snowy day (M.S.M.). Con. Won't ye take an air of the fire,
O'Toole ? LUCAS Romantic Lover in Chapman's Mag. (Oct. 1895).
s.Chs.1 Come thy wees (ways, within air o'th fire, fur raly tha
looks heef starved jeth [half frozen to death].
4. The chill, in phr. to take theair off the drink. (In e.An.
they say to take the aam oflf the drink. See Aam.)
Shr.2 To take the chill from beer is usually denoted by the
phrase ' tak the hair off the drink.' Its coud, jist out o' the cellar,
yoden [you hadden] better tak the yare offit
5. A small quantity of anything ; a ' whiff' ; a taste.
S.&Ork.1 Apeerieair, a mere tasting. Air, a very small quantity.
Or.I. Ere. JEr, a very small quantity (S. A.S.). Bnff.1 Gee me an air
o' yir mill. Tack in by yir chair, sit doon, an' tack an air o' the
pipe, an gee's a' yir uncos.
6. pi. Fits of ill-humour; fretfulness.
Cum.1 He's in his airs to-day. nXin.1 She's in her airs to-daay.
Vhp.1 Let us have none of your airs [applied to the humoursome
retfulness of children]. e.Ken. She has just got her airs, and when
saucepans fly I walk out G.G.).
7. Comp. and attrib. Air-bleb ; -box; -course; -crossing;
gate, -head, in mining : a passage for ventilation ; -peg ;
way.
n.Yks.2 Air-blebs, (i) bubbles ; (a) unsound schemes. n-Lin.1 Air
>leb, a bubble. Nhb.1 Air-boxes, tubes of wood used for ventila-
lon in a pit where there is only one passage or opening, Min. Gl.
Newc. Terms (1853). Nhb. & Dur. Air-box, a square wooden tube
used to convey air into the face of a single drift, or into a sinking
:, GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849) ; Air-course, see Air-way, ib.
Nhb.1 Air-crossing, an arch built over a horseway or other road, with
a passage or air-way above it, Min. Gl. Newc. Terms (1852). w.Yks.
Air-gate, a road or way driven in the coal for purposes of ventilation
AIR
[33]
AIT
(S.J.C.). s.Stf. Air-head, a channels feets inches bysfeeteinches,
driven on a level with the topof the gate-road [i.e. the passage along
which the coals are carried]. Mining G/.(i852). n.Lin.1 Air-peg,the
vent-peg of a barrel ; also called spile-peg in Nhp. Nhp.1 Nhb. 1 Air-
way, a passagealong which the current of air travels in acollierj'. Nhb.
&Dur. Air-course or Air-way, GREENWELI. Co«/ Ti: Gl. (1849). [Air-
ways, headings or passages in a mine along which there is a constant
circulation of fresh air between the down-east shaft, the working;
places, and the up-cast shaft, Gl. Lab. (1894";.]
[1. Where should this music be ? i' the air or the earth :
SHAKS. Temp. i. ii. 387 ; When the sun sets the air doth
drizzle dew, ib. R. Sr° J. in. v. 127 ; Nicholas . . . ever gaped
upward in-totheeirjCHAUCERC.J1. A. 3473. 6. Hoity! toity!
cries Honour, Madam Is in her airs, I protest, FIELDING
Tom Jones, viii ; You will get cured of all these whims and
airs of yours some day, BLACK Madcap V. v. 41. This usage
in the pi. is of Fr. origin ; cp. HATZFELD, Prendre, sedonner
des airs, affecter une certaine maniere d'etre. Fr. air, Lat. ae>:]
AIR, sb.2 Or. and Sh. I. Also in Wm. and Lan. [er,
es(r).] A sandbank, or ridge made by the action of water;
a beach.
Or.&Sh.I. They have some Norish woods . . .such as air, a sand-
bank, BRAND Zetland (1701) 70 (JAM.); Most of the extensive
beaches on the coast are called airs ; as Stour-air, Whale-air, ED-
MONSTON Zetl. (1809) I. 140 (ib.). Or.I. By beach and by cave. . .
By air, and by wick, and by helyer and gio, And by every cold shore
which the northern winds know, SCOTT Pirate(iB22} xix. S. fcOrk.1
Aer, a sandbank or beach ; sometimes a stone aer. Aer, applied
to several places having extensive ' Aers ' or smooth beaches near
them ; ex. the Aers of Sellivoe, the Aers of Strom. Wm.1 Ayr,
a low headland. ne.Lan.1 Aire, land warped up by floods or tides,
and liable to be overflowed by them.
[ON. eyrr (mod. eyri), a gravelly bank, a small tongue of
land running into the sea; cp. Dan. ore, Sw. or, found in
Helsing-6'r (Elsinore).]
AIR, adj. and adv. Sc. [er.]
1. adj. Early.
Sc. Come it air, come it late, in May comes the cow-quake,
RAMSAY Prov. (1737) ; Air day or late day the fox's hide finds
aye the flaying knife, SCOTT Rob Roy (1817) xxvii; An air winter's
a sair winter, SWAINSON Weather Flk-Lore (1873) 8. Abel. You
wou'd na hae kent fat to mak o' her, unless it had been a gyr-carlen,
or to set her up amon' a curn air bear [early barley] to fley away
the ruicks, FORBES Jrn. (1742) 2 (JAM.).
2. adv.
Sc. What brings you out to Liberton sae air in the morning,
SCOTT Midlothian (1818) xxvii ; Let us awa' air til the vineyairds,
ROBSON Sng. Sol. (1860) vii. 12. Rnf. Vext and sighin' late and air,
WILSON Watty (1792) 9, Newc. ed. Ayr. I'm weary sick o't late
and air! BURNS To Dr. Blacklock (1789 . Lnk. She jeers me air
and late, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725) I. i. e.Lth. Blinkin' like an
air-up hoolet, HUNTER J. Inwick (1895) 105.
Hence .Airness, sb. the state or condition of being early
(JAM.).
Sc. The airness of the crap.
[Quha is content rejoycit air or lait, DOUGLAS Pal. Hon.
n. xxix ; O^er ich hit do ungledliche, o£er to er o¥er to
late, Ancren Riwle, 338. OE. cer, adj. and adv., former, for-
merly, early.]
AIR,j;. Or.andSh.I.w.Yks.Lan.Der.War. Shr. [ea(r).]
1. To warm, ' take the chill off.' e.An. aam is used with
the same meaning.
e.Lan.1 Air, to warm moderately, as drink. When excessively
cold it is aired at the fire. Shr.2 Hair.
Hence Aired, ///. adj.
Yks. You must use aired water for the tea-cakes (F.P.T.). Der.2
Aired water, water with the chill taken off. War. (J.R.W.)
2. To taste.
S.& Ork.i
[1. This is a specific use of the vb. in the usual sense
of to warm, applied usually in lit. E. to the drying of
damp linen. See Air, sb.1 4. 2. See Air, sb.1 5.]
AIR, see Ere.
AIRD, see Ard.
AIREL, sb. Obs. Sc. (JAM.)
1. An old name for a flute ; properly applied to a pipe
made from a reed.
Arg., Slk.
VOL
2. Musical tones, of whatever kind.
Rxb. The beetle began his wild airel to tune And sang on the
wynde with ane eirysome croon, Wint. Ev. Tales, II. 203.
[Probably a deriv. of air, Fr. air, a tune, sound or air in
music.]
AIRESS, see Hairif.
AIRF, AIRFISH, see Argh.
AIRISH, adj. Sc. n. and e.Yks. [e'rij, ea'ri/.] Chilly,
breezy.
Sc. Airish is still commonly used all over Scotland for chilly
(H.E.F.). n.Yks. Airish is used in the dales, but not commonly
(R.H.H.). e.Yks. The mornings are airish, BEST Rur. Econ. (1641)
18; (S.K.C.)
[This word is found in CHAUCER, but only in the sense
of aerial, belonging to the air : (I) beheld the eyrish bestes,
Hous F. 964. Air+-ish.]
AIRTLING, see Ettle!
AIRUP, see Hairif.
AIRY, adj. Cum. n.Lin. [i'ri, ea'ri.] Breezy.
Cum.1 It's rayder airy to-day. n.Lin.1
[O'er airy wastes to rove, POPE Windsor F. 167. A ir + -y.]
AISE, see Ash.
AISH, sb. Dor. [aif.] One of the strata of Purbeck
beds.
Dor.Though associated with the Burr, this bed [aish] from its fissile
or slatycharacter iseasily separated from it, DAMON Geol. Weymouth
( 1860) 98. Dor. The tops of the longer stumps of trees pass through
the burr into the aish, the uneven surface of which often serves to
indicate the presence of trees beneath, ib. 115, ed. 1884 ; The aish
bed is above the soft burr and under a bed of clay (J.H.M.).
AISH, see Arrish.
AISLE, sb. Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs. Wil. Som. Amer. [ail.]
1. A space for passage in any building ; esp. the central
thoroughfare in a mill, shop, &c. Cf. alley, sb.1 1.
w.Yks. Aisle is used in Keighley for any passage between pews in
a chapel, and the alley past the ends of looms ; the interval where
the weaver stands when at work being known as the gate (J.R.) ;
Aisle, a passage between seats in any building. Aisle, Alley, are
also used for the principal thoroughfare in a workshop, and must
not be confused with loom-gate, nor with gangway (the thorough-
fare between two buildings built overhead), nor with passage (a
narrow way between two buildings). Gangway, passage, aisle, and
alley have distinct meanings in our vernacular (B. K.). Lan. The
passage between pewsina church is always called an aisle(S.W.) ;
I have heard the space between the counters of a shop called the
aisle in Liverpool, ./V. & Q. (1890) 7th S. x. 53. s.Chs. Any pas-
sage between pews (T.D.). w.Som.1 Aisle, the passage between
the pews in a church or chapel. No distinction is made between
nave and aisles ; but there is u aa-yul to every church : see Alley.
[Amer. Instead of shopping they trade, and while thus engaged
recognize a friend across the aisle, N. & Q. (1890) 7th S. ix. 406.]
2. A projection from the body of a church, one of the
wings of a transept.
Per. (G.W.)
3. An enclosed and covered burial-place, adjoining to a
church though not forming a part of it.
Sc. Donald was buried in the laird of Drum's aile, SPALDING
Hist. Troubles in Sc. (1792) II. 282 (JAM.). Abd. & Per. The burial-
place of the laird's family is frequently called the aile (G.W.).
4. Double rows of wheat-sheaves set up to dry.
s-Wll. MARSHALL Review (1817) V. 218.
[1. As up the ayle with mind disturb'd, I walk, RICHARD-
SON Pamela (N.E.D.). Fr. aile, Lat. ala, a wing. For the
sense cp. BAILEY (1755) : Isle, a long passage in a church
or public building. This is the same word as ME. tie (yle],
Fr. He, often Latinized as insula in legal documents. E.
aisle owes its spelling to Fr. aile, and its pronunc. to Fr. He.]
AISLE, see Hazzle, v.
AISLE-TOOTH, see Axle-tooth.
AIT, sb.1 Var. dial. Also written eyot. See below,
[ait.] An island in a river ; an osier-bed.
s.Not. The osier ait above the weirs, Not. Guard. (Aug. 8, 1895) 7.
Wor.Ait, Nait, Eyot, island. Also applied to an osier-bed, whether
an island or not (H.K.) ; The island now called the Neight at
Deerhurst on the Severn, ALLIES Antiq. (1840) 188. s.Wor.1
se.Wor.1 Naight, an eyot, an osier bed. Brks.1 Ait, or Aayte, a river-
island, or flat on the bank with osiers growing. Mid. Fog up the
river where it flows among green aits and meadows, DICKENS Bleak
F
AIT
[34]
AKEYBO
House(i&53) i. Hmp. They roosted in the aits of that river, WHITF
Selborne (1788) 31, ed. 1853.
Hence Eyoty, adj. Of the nature of an ait or island.
Hmp.1 That eyoty piece near the ford.
[He enjoyed a party of pleasure in a good boat on the
water to one of the aits or aislets in the Thames, EDGE-
WORTH Patronage (1814) xix (DAV.) ; Ait, a little island in
a river where osiers grow,_BAiLEY (n2i)_. Merc, egeofi,
OE. ~igeocf, an islet, deriv. of ig, teg, Merc, eg, island. The
termination with / is prob. due to French influence ; cp.
Fr. -et, -of.}
AIT, sb? Obs. (?) Rnf. A custom, a habit ; esp. used
of a bad one (JAM.).
AITCH, sb. w.Yks. [eat/.] A mantelpiece.
w.Yks. The universal name for a mantelpiece in the villages about
Wakefield and towards Leeds (S.O.A.).
[Possibly this word is a peculiar use of the name for the
letter ft.]
AITCH, see Ache.
AITCH-BONE, sb. Yks. Der. Lei. Nhp. War. Mid.
Hnt. Suf. Ken. Sus. Hmp. Dev. [e'tj-bon.] The bone
of the rump of beef ; the meat which this bone includes.
w.Yks.1 Nache-bone. Der.1 Nhp.1 The extreme end of a rump
of beef, cut obliquely. Lei.1 War.3 While there is no joint called
aitch-bone cut from the carcase of the sheep, the haunch-bone in
a haunch of mutton is by butchers also called the aitch-bone. Mid.
Ache-bone, part of y» rump, RAY (1691) MS. add. (J.C.) Hnt.
(T.P.F.), Suf.1 Ken.2 Ach-bone. Sus.2 Hmp.1 Aich-bone. Dev.
A saddle of mutton at one end, and an aitch-bone, not over-boiled.
at the other, BLACKMORE Kit (1890) III. x.
[The proper form, being that identical with theorig. Fr,
is nache.— The 'nache' in some writers, also the 'tail-
points' by others, YOUNG (BRITTEN, 97) ; Upon the hue
bone and the nache by the tayle, FITZHERBERT Hush.
(J534) 53- The dial, forms have mostly lost the initial
n through coalescence with the indef. adj. an, hence ache,
aich, aitch. The earliest example of the word found with-
out the n is in Bk. St. A/bans, where hack boon occurs ; see
SKEAT, 777. The ache bone, os coxendicis, COLES (1699).
The word does not occur in JOHNSON in any form. OF
nache, a buttock ; Rom. natica, adj., from natis, a buttock.]
AITCHORN, see Acorn.
AITCH-PIECE, sb. Cor. [e-tj-pis.] The catch or
tongue of a buckle.
Cor.12
[Named from the shape, like that of the letter HI
AITEN, sb. Obs. Slk. (JAM.) A partridge.
[Prob. ait, oat + hen. Many names of this bird contain
some equiv. of hen as the latter element of the comp • cp
Sw. rapphona, G. rebhuhn, feldhuhn, Du. rap-hoen, EFris
rap-hen.]
AITH,sb. Obs. Sc. QAM.)
Frf. Aith or Aiftland, that kind ofland called infield, which is made
to carry oats a second time after barley, and has received no dung
AITH, see Earth.
AITHER, see Arder, Either-.
AITNACH, sb. Obs. Sc. Also in the forms etnach
' ''
.u' .umperernes.
Abd. [She] spies beneath a buss of-what-ye-ca't ? Ay, etnagh-
berries i [ist ed. eatin-], and yeed down the brae, And there she
a thiiri Ac o- Mil, iT , ,. L-"-""J >*"«" 6*c Her ua
26 (JAM) S<! Wud' TAYLOR Poems
CP- «•&»/, juniper (M. & D.).]
Shn GI°- Also written
1. A madcap frolic, a foolish prank.
or Tthe'r. ' Wamnd *»' bin °ff now on some wild aitredan
V Tfntri!,m XT* noisv quarrel, a fuss.
S
' ^ 3nd adj~ SU- Cold' bleak weather ; also
S. & Ork.1 ; Aitrie, Aittrie (JAM. Siippl.}.
AIVER, see Eaver, Havour.
AIVERIE, adj. Sc. [e'vari, ye-vari.]
Abd. & Per.Aiverie is a very well known word meaning not very
hungry, but eager to get at food, &c. They are a' yevery to be fed.
Dinna eat sae yivvery like [greedily] (G. W. ). Rxb. Aiverie, very
hungry; a term nearly obs. (JAM.)
Hence Yevrisome, adj.
Dmf. Yevrisome, having an appetite perpetually craving (JAM.
s.v. Yevery).
[Aver, goods, possessions {Apr. aveir, Lat. Jiabere) + -y.
So avery would mean covetous, hungry, ' eager to have.']
AIVERING, prp. Sc. Written yivverin' Abd.
[i'varin, yi'varin.] Eager for, hungering,y?gr.
Abd. I'm yiverrin' sair for a kiss (G.W.).
AIVRDJ, sb. Sc. [e-vrin.] The larboard.
Bnff.1 In the deep-sea-fishing boatsthereareeight fishermen, each
of whom has his own seat in the boat. The skipper holds the
aivrin hank ; the second man, the aivrin mid-ship ; the third, the
mid-aivrin boo ; and the fourth, the foremast-aivrin boo.
[Aivrin, aifteran, prob. for after-hand, near the hinder-
part of the ship.]
AIVY-KAIVY, see Havey-quavey.
AIWAL, see Awald.
AIXES, see Access.
AIX-TREE, see Ax.
AIYAH, see Near.
AIZAC, see Haysuck.
_ AIZAM- JAZAM, adj. and adv. Stf. War. Wor. Shr. Glo.
[e'zam-dijezam.]
1. adj. Equal in weight, size, or value.
Shr.1 Theer wuz fifteen faggits i' one lot, an' sixteen i' the
tother, an' I put 'em little an' big together, to mak' 'em as 'asam-
jasam as I could.
2. adj. and adv. (i) Fair and square, equitable ; (2) in an
equitable manner.
Stf., War., Wor., Glo. Ayzam-jayzam. ' Upright and downstraight'
is an old term of the same meaning, NORTHALL Flk-Phr. (1894).
War.2 ne.Wor. Aizam-jaizam, honest, ' jannock.' [Of a dishonest
bargain] That job's not quite aizam-jaizam (J.W.P.). (a) Stf., War.,
Wor. I shouldn't care if he'd only act hasum-jasum with me (H.K.).
[Prob. a colloq. formation from lit. E. easy. For ' easy ' in
the sense of equal, even, cp. the familiar phrase in Whist,
' Honours easy.']
AIZE, sb. Sh.I. [ez.] A large blazing fire.
S. & Ork.1 Aze.
[ON. eysa,^ glowing embers, cognate with usli, a confla-
gration ; OE.ysle, embers.]
AIZIN', see Easing.
AIZLE, see Hazzle, v., Easle.
AIZLE-TOOTH, see Axle-tooth.
AJY, see Agee.
AKE, sb. Cor. [ek.]
Cor.1 Ake, a groove in a stone used for an anchor (peculiar to
Cornwall) to receive a rope or iron band to prevent it from slipping.
Mousehole fishermen ; Cor.2
AKERATE, v. Lin. [a'karet.]
1. To rust as iron does.
n.Lin.1 We fun' sum shackles sich es thaay ewst to put upo'
prisoners e' ohd times. Thaay was o'must all akeraated awaay,
bud oor Squire thoht a great deal on 'em.
2. To blight.
nXin.1 His crops was that akeraated last year [1879] thaay was
wo'th, in a waay of speaking, noht at all.
AKERMAST, see Acorn-mast.
AKETHA, int. Dev. Cor. Also written akether.
[ake-'Sa.] Quoth he ; forsooth ! indeed !
Dev. Akether, bin ma kit's ago, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 68 ;
' Giggling akether ! ' shrieked the old woman, wild with resentment,
'giggling akether!' MADOX-BROWN Dwale Bluth (1876) I. i;
Dev.1 An zo you zim a is maz'd, I'll warnis ;— no more lookee-
dezee than you be. I say maz'd akether, pt. i. 3 ; Dev.3 n.Dev.
Bet es tell en, Marry a-ketha, Emi. Crtshp. (1746) 1. 456; GROSE
(1790) MS. add. (C.) Cor. Thee baan't St George, no moore than
me ; St. George aketha ! J. TRENOODLE Spec. Dial. (1846) 55 ; Cor.1 2
[?r ob- *e9uiv- to 'Ah' I*10'*1 he. With keth cp. ME.
cwed,qued, koth, pret. of quefon, OE. cweSan, to speak. For
the final a see A (pronunciation V. 1 & 2).l
AKEYBO, see ACABO.
AKKA-MANNAA
[35]
ALBUIST
A sullen person,
gloomy, and MDu. akel,
AKKA-MANNAA, see Cakka-man-ah.
AKKER, sb. Pern, [a'ka(r).]
s.Pem. Akker, a boat used for carrying limestone on the Cleddy,
LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 419.
AKKERN, see Acorn.
AKLIN, sb. Sh.I. [a'klin.]
S. & Ork.1
[Cogn. with Du. akelig, dull
grief, n arm.]
AL, see Alley.
ALABLASTER, sb. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Der. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Won Oxf. Also written ali-
blaster Dur.1 Wm.1 ne.Lan.1 nw.Der.1 Oxf.1 ; allablaster
Chs.1; alleyblaster Nhb.1; allyblaster se.Wor.1 ; all-
plaister w.Yks.1 [a'lablasta(r).] Alabaster.
Nhb.1, Dnr.1 Cum. Sally's just like allyblaster, Her cheeks are
tweerwosebudsinMay,ANDERSONBrtAWs(i8o5)i6. Wm.1 w.Yks.
During a fall of snow, children often sing 'Snow, snow faster, White
alablaster ' (S. K.C.); 'E's as fair as alleyblaster (F.P.T.) ; w.Yks.1 245,
ne.Lan.1. Chs.1, nw.Der.1 n.Lin.1 Thaay fun alablaster at Gainsb'r
when thaay dug railroad, bud it wasn't wo'th oht. It's a straange nist
bairn, it's skin's that clear it's like alablaster. Lei.1, Nhp.1, War.3
s.Wor. Her dear flesh was allis as white as halablaster, PORSON
Quaint Wds. (1875) 23. Oxf.1 DhaaT bent noa guod'luok'n gyuurlz
ubuuwt -nuuw; wen -uuy wuz yoor aij uuy wuz uz faa'r uz aH-
blaa'stuur [Thar ben't no good-lookin' girls about now ; when I
was your age I was as fair as aliblaster].
[Why should a man whose blood is warm within Sit
like his grandsire cut in alablaster, SHAKS. M. Ven. i. i.
84 ; Albaster, allablaster, Albastrin, white as allablaster,
COTGR. ; Alabastrine, made of alleblaster, FLORIO (1611).
In an inventory, temp. Hen. VIII, of the furniture of St.
Martin's at Dover is the following entry : Item, ij imagees
ofwhytealleeblaster, jWo«as/.IV.542(BoucHER). The form
alablaster is found in SYDNEY'S Arcadia, 319 (ed. FRISWELL).
ME. An alablaster, alablastrum, Cath. Angl. This was
the gen. spelling of alabaster in the i6th and lyth cents.
The bl- is doubtless due to sense-association with bleach,
blanch, and other W-forms denoting whiteness.]
ALACK, int. Sc. n.Cy. Yks. Som. Also written
alacke, alake, allake. bla'k. I
1. Alas !
S. & Ork.1 Alake, an exclamation denoting sorrow or regret.
Sc. He says how now how now Childe Maurice, Alacke how may
this bee, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads (1806) Childe Maurice. Ayr.
Alake, alake, the meikle Deil Wi' a' his witches, BURNS To Mr.
Mitchell (1795). Lnk. Alake ! poor pris'ner, RAMSAY Gentle Shep.
(1735) 38, ed. 1783. n.Cy. Alake, alas. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.)
w.Yks. Alack, a form of 'alas,' Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.4 [Allake, a
sigh, bitter exclamation (K.).]
2. In comp. Alack-a-day,an exclamation of grief or distress.
w.Yks. AJack-a-day,aformof'aIastheday,'////i. Wds. w.Som.1
Alack-a-day ! an exclamation of sorrow or regret. Alas-a-day ! or
Alas ! are not heard.
[Nay, what's incredible, alack ! I hardly hear a woman's
clack, SWIFT (JOHNSON) ; Alack the heavy day, That I
have worn so many winters out ! SHAKS. Rich. II, iv. i.
257; She's dead, deceased, she's dead ; alack the day ! ib.
R. & J. iv. v. 23. Perhaps A (int.) + lack, failure, fault.]
A-LADY, adv. phr. e.An. [ale'di.l On Lady-day.
e.An. She gan her missis notidge last A'Lady, A'. & Q. (1855)
ist S. xi. 184 ; e-An.1 e.Nrf. A-Lady (in common use), MARSHALL
Rur. Earn. (1787). Suf.1 A'l go out of 'as farm next a-Lady.
[A-, on + Lady (for Lady-day).]
ALAG, adv. Nhb. Cum. n.Yks. [ala'g.] Not suffi-
ciently upright ; too horizontal, as in placing a ladder.
Nhb.It'sallalag,outoftheperpendicular(R.O.H.). Cum.1 n.Yks.
It lies alag. T'stick laid alag ageean t'wall [sto
[stood at an angle of
The sporting term for a
Also written alare. A
ig ageean
45°] (I. W.).
A-LAG, sb. Cum. [ala'g.
flight of geese (W.K.).
ALAIRE, adv. Obsol. w.Cor.
short time ago.
Cor. N. & Q. (1854) ist S. x. 178 ; Cor.1
ALAKANEE, int. Obs. Sc. (JAM.) Alas !
Rnf. The cheeriest swain that e'er the meadows saw ; Alakanec !
—is Robin gane awa' ? PICKEN Poems (1788) 20 (JAM.).
ALAMONTI, see Allamotti.
ALANGE, see Elenge.
ALANNAH, sb. Irel. Also written alanna, alanah,
alana. My child ! A form of address, a term of endear-
ment.
Ir. Miss Betty, alanah, LEVER H. Lorr. (1839) iii ; Whose then,
alannah ? ib. Ch. Cf M alley (1841) iii ; He's well enough — that's it,
alannah, CARLETON Traits Peas. (1843) I. 95 ; Well, alana, I could
not help it, Flk-Lore Rec. (1881) IV. 117 ; Have ye all now, ma'am ?
—I have, alanna, God bless ye ! FRANCIS Frieze (1895) 21 ; Alana,
properly ' my child ' ; used as a friendly or affectionate word of ad-
dress, especially to the speaker's junior (G.M.H.). s.Ir. Whisht !
alanna. . . . There's no fear of you, CROKER Leg. (1862) 28.
[Ir. a leanbh (prop, a leinbh) my child !]
ALANTOM, adv. Obs. Nhb. Yks. Also written
alantum, alantem. Freq. used with off. At a distance.
n.Cy. I saw him at alangtum. I saw him alantom off K. ) ; N.Cy.12,
Nhb.1 w.Yks.1 1 spies alantum off two shooters, ii. 296.
[Some of our lads b'ing very kind, Alantom followed
me behind, STUART Joco- Serious Disc. (1686) 72. Alantom
prob. repr. Fr. en lointain, in the distance.]
ALARM, sb. Irel. Wil. [ala'm.] A cry of a bird or
animal.
Wmh. What soort of alarm has an otther ? (S. A.B.)
Hence Alarm-note, the note of a bird when startled.
n. Wil. If you should disturb the blackbird he makes the meadow
ring with his alarm-note, JEFFERIES Wild Life (1879) 163.
[Fr. alarme, excitement caused by the approach of the
enemy ; OFr. a farme .' the cry to arms.]
ALARMING, adv. Suf. Wor. [ala'min.]
1. In an unusual manner.
Suf. He went on wholly alarmin', i.e. acted or spoke out of the
usual way, not necessarily greatly, e.An. Dy. Times (1892).
2. Extensively, very, exceedingly.
w.Wor. [It] grows in woods alarmin', S. BEAUCHAMP Grantley
Grange (1874) II. 104 ; They bin orl good uns. most alarmin' good
uns, ib. N. Hamilton (1875) I. 127.
ALARUM, sb. n.Yks. [ale-ram.] Disturbance.
n.Yks.2
[A blanket in th' alarum of fear caught up, SHAKS. Ham.
ii. ii. 532. See Alarm.]
ALAS-A-DAY, int. Obsol. Yks. and Som. Alas! a form
of pitying.
Yks. THORESBYZ.?#. (1703). w.Yks.4 Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial.
w.Eng. (1825).
[Alas a day ! you have ruined my poor mistress, CON-
GREVE Old Bachelor (JOHNSON) ; Alas the day ! I never gave
him cause, SHAKS. Oth. in. iv. 158 ; Alias ! that harde day !
CHAUCER C. T. F. 499. OFr. a las (mod. Mas), orig. Ah,
weary ! Cp. It. ahi lasso, Lat. lassus, weary.]
ALAS-AT-EVER, int. Obs. Yks. An exclamation of
pity-
Yks. THORESBY Lett. (i7O3\ w.Yks.4
[Equiv. to alas that ever /]
ALASSEN, conj. Dor. Also written alassn. [alavsan.]
Lest.
Dor. Gl. (1851); Dor.1 Alassen I mid want to stay Behine' var
thee, 79,
[Equiv. to on less 'en for on less than, whence lit. E. unless.
Onlesse this be done, si ce nest que cela se face, PALSGR.
882. OE. on Ices banne, lit. on a less supposition than.]
A-LATE, rt<fo. Yks. Lan. Wor. [ale't, alea't] Lately.
w.Yks.1 Alatt, of late. ne.Lan.1 Alayat. se.Wor.1
[Alate, nuper, COLES (1679). The form occurs in ME. as
in Destr. Troy (c. 1400), 4176. A-, of + late.]
ALAU, sb. Cor. [alair.] Nymphaea alba, or water-
lily.
ALAWK, int. Der. War. Suf. [al§'k.] An exclama-
tion of sorrow ; alas !
Der.2, nw-Der.1, War. (J.R.W.) Suf.1 [Hence] Alawkus.
[A-, ah ! + lawk, q.v.j
ALAY, see Ally.
ALBUIST, conj. Obs. Abd. Though, albeit.
Abd. An' our ain lads, albuist I say't my sell, But guided them
right cankardly an' snell, Ross ffelenoi-e(i']68) 62 (in the edd. 1789
and 1812 ' although' is printed instead of 'albuist').
[Etym. unknown.]
ALD
[36]
ALE-DRAPER
ALD, see Old.
ALDER, sb. [o-lda(r).] Besides its usual meaning
(Alnus glutinosa), the name alder in comb, is applied to
several other trees, (i) Death alder, Euonymus europaeus
or spindle-tree (Bck.) ; (2) Wild alder, Aegopodium poda-
graria (Lin.).
n.Bck. It is thought unlucky to bring it [Death alder] into the
house. s.Lin. Wild alder. Alder = elder, from the superficial
resemblance between the leaves.
[OE. a/or. The form aller is still gen. in dial.]
ALDER-CARR, sb. Der. Lin. War. Nrf. Sut. Also
written owdaker nw.Der.1 A piece of bog- or fen-land
overgrown with alder-trees.
Der.2 Alder-carr, a plantation of alders; carr being common for
a plantation in a low or flat situation. nw.Der.1 Lin. Alder-carr,
an islet overgrown with 'the waterside tree,' N. & Q. (1873)
4th S. xii. 297. War. (J.R.W.) Nr£ Wet pieces of land in the
marshy districts planted with . . . alders, and hence called . . .
alder-carrs, N. &•> Q. (1874) 5th S. i. 132. Suf. A moist wood of
alders, e.An. Dy. Times (1892).
[Aldyr-kyr (Alder-kar in Pynson's ed.), Alnetum, viz.
locus vbi alni et tales arbores crescunt, Prompt. Alder + carr,
q.v.]
ALDERLING,s6. Obs. Suf. A fresh-water fish which
haunts that part of the stream overhung by alder-trees.
See Aller-trout.
Suf. No longer used, but still known to very old people here
(F.H.). Not known to any of our correspondents in other parts
of the country. A kind of fish said to be betwixt a trout and a
grayling (HALL.).
ALE, sb.1 Var. dial. See below, [el, eal, yel.]
1. A liquor brewed from malt and distinguished from
ordinary beer by its strength. In Cum. and Som., how-
ever, ale is weak beer brewed from the malt after the beer
has been extracted from it.
Cum. (J.Ar.) Brks.1 Ooll'ehevaglasso'aayleora glass o' beer?
Som. A liquor brewed with a proportion of malt from about four to
six bushels to the hogshead of 63 gallons; ifitcontain more malt it is
called beer ; if less, it is usually called small beer, JENNINGS Obs.
Dial. w.Eng. (1825). w.Som.1 Ale is usually sold in the public-
houses at half the price of beer ; at Burton this is precisely re-
versed.
2. A country festival, in which ale-drinking forms the
chief part of the delight.
N.Cy.1 A merry meeting of country-people, a rural feast, bride-
ale, church-ale. ne-Lan.1 Oxf. The Whitsun ales are common in
Oxfordshire, WRIGHT.
3. Comp. Ale-bink, -brains, -brewis, -brussen.see below ;
-Conner, -finder, a manorial officer whose duty it was to
look to the assize and goodness of bread and ale within
the precincts of the manor ; -feast, a public festival gener-
ally held at Whitsuntide ; -jawt, -master, -peg, see below ;
•posset, a curd made by pouring old ale over boiling
milk ; -scalp, see Ale-brains ; -score, a debt at the ale-
house ; -settle, see Ale-bink ; -shot, see Ale-score ;
•silver, -soaked, -soaker, see below; -sop, (i) a refection
consisting of hot strong ale and toast or biscuits, (2) a
drunkard ; -spinner, -stake, see below ; -stalder, the stool
on which casks are placed in a cellar ; -stall, -swab, -swat-
tier, -swizzler, see below ; -taster, an officer appointed to
prevent the adulteration of ale, see Ale-conner ; -Tuesday,
Shrove Tuesday; -weean, see below; -whisp (obs.), the
bush hung in front of an inn to show that ale was sold
there ; -wife, (i) a woman who keeps an inn, (2) a local
name of the Allice-shad, Alosa communis ; -wort, an in-
tusion of malt; -yottler, -yottling, see below.
n. Yks.2 Yal-bink, also called Yal-settle, an ale-bench ; like those
:n front of country inns for outside smokers. Yal-brains, one who
has to take his glass before he can set his wits to work. Yal-brewis
ale-posset stiffened with bread. Yal-brussen, distended pr ' blown
up with ale or liquor. n.Lin.i Ale Conner. Ale-feast (obsol.), a
public drinking usually held at Whitsuntide. Cum.i Yal-jaw't
sickened by drinking ale. nXin.1 Ale-master, the chief man at the
ale-feast. Ale-peg, the vent-peg of a cask. Lan. There's some
nice bacon-collops o'th hob, An' a quart o' ale-posset i'th oon,
WAUGH Come Whoam (1859). mXan i He's ne'er hed a sup o!
.le-posset, hesn d mi pertner. Fooaks' givin' o'er suppin' id for
a varra good reeason ; there's nooan so mony wimmen con mek
id gradely. s-Chs.1 Snr.1 Jack, you had better take care of that
cold, I'll make you an ale-posset to-night.— Thank yo', Missis,
that'll tak car o' me, nod the caud. Lan.1 Hast paid thi ale-score
at th' Blue Bell yet ? Stf.2 'E's got a ale-score on at that ale-us.
n-Lin.1 Ale-score, the debt for drink at an ale-house recorded
with chalk marks on the door. Shr.1 Turn's a cliver workman
an' gets good money, but agen 'e's paid 'is ale-score every wik
theer inna much leP to tak wham. Lan.1 He's an ale-shot at th'
back o' th' door yon, th' length o' my arm. [Ale-silver (obs.},
a rent or duty annually paid to, the Lord Mayor of London by
those who sold ale within the City, BAILEY (1721).] n.Yks.2 Yal-
sooak'd, full of beer, drunk. Yal-sooaker, an ale-bibber, a sot.
Sc. Ale saps, wheaten bread boiled in beer (JAM. s.v. Saps).
Ken. Tea biscuits are sometimes soaked in strong ale and called
ale-sop or beer-sop (P.M.) ; Ken.1 Ale-sop is customarily partaken
of by the servants in many large establishments on Christmas Day.
w.Yks.2 Ale-sop, a drunkard. Slang. Ale-spinner, a brewer or
publican, FARMER. [Ale-stake (obs.), a may-pole, GROSE (1790)
MS. add. (P.)] e.Sus. Ale-stalder, or stolder, stillion, HOLLOWAY.
Suf.1 Ale-stall, the horse or stool on which casks of beer, wine, &c.
are placed in cellars. I do not recollect the word stall applied to
any other description of horse or stool. n.Yks.2 Yal-swab, -swattler,
-swizzler, an ale-bibber, a sot Chs.1 At the court leet for the
manor and lordship of Over, held Nov. 1880, ale-tasters were
elected for each of the townships of Over, Marton, and Swanlow
(see Warrington Guardian, Nov. 20, 1880). n.Lin.1 The ale-taster's
oath is given in Sir William Scrogg's Practice of Court Leet (1714)
15. w.Som.1 Ale-taster, an officer still annually appointed by
ancient court leet ; at Wellington his duties, however, have entirely
fallen into disuse. Dev. The last day of the carnival would be
the ' wettest,' and might well be called Ale Tuesday. Every
parish had its church-ales on several anniversaries, of which that
at Shrove-tide was usually one, Reports Provinc. (1893). n.Yks.2
Yal-weean, the female publican. nXin.1 Ale-whisp. the bush which
was suspended in front of a public-house to indicate that drink
wa.s sold there (obs.). A bush of ivy or other evergreen was for
ages the sign of a tavern both in England and the neighbouring
continental lands. There is an engraving of a mediaeval inn with
a bush hanging before it in Cults' Scenes and Characters of the
Middle Ages, p. 543. [Ale-wife, Alosa communis, SATCHELL.]
Yks. If you have any ale-wort near you, make strong tea of it,
KNOWLSON Cattle Doctor (1834) 84. n.Yks.2 Yal-yottler, an ale-
bibber, a 'sot. Yal-yottling, given to pot companionship.
[1. Ale and beer have been in common use as names for
the same intoxicating drink among the various tribes of
Germanic people from the earliest times. The Alvismdl
says : 'Tis called ale (67) among men, beer (bjorr) among the
S)ds ; ' beer ' being the Southern, ' ale ' the Northern
ermanic word. 2. For information about country ales,
esp. the Whitsun-ale, see BRAND Pop. Antiq. 1. 2^9. DOUCE
says that Ale means a feast or merry-making, as in
the words Leet-ale, Lamb-ale, Whitsun-ale, Clerk-ale,
Bride-ale (whence Bridal), Church-ale, Scot-ale, Mid-
summer-ale, &c. (BRAND, I.e.) Lesfestes du village, wakes,
ales, ploughmens feasts, or holy daies, COTGR. OE. ealu
ON. 67, ale ; also, a feast, a banquet, freq. in comps., as in
ON. erfi-6'l, a wake, a funeral feast ; OE. oryd-ealu, a bride-
feast, the marriage feast, a ' bridal.']
ALE, see Old.
ALE-BERRY, sb. Cum. [ye'lbari.] A dish consist-
ing of ale boiled with butter, sugar, and bread.
Cum.1 Yel-berry, formerly given at funerals for dinner.
[Aleberry, a beerage or kind of food made by boiling
ale with spice, sugar, and sops of bread, or with oatmeal,
BAILEY (1755). ME. Albery vel alebrey, alebrodium,
Prompt— Ale + berry. ME. bery for brey, bre, OE. briw,
pottage.]
ALE-DRAPER, sb. Obs. Yks. Lin. An innkeeper or
publican.
n-Yks.1 Ale-draper, a term now obs., but occurring in the Whitby
parochial register a century ago. n-Lin.1 July 8th (1747) Thomas
Broughton, farmer and ale-draper, Scatter Par. Reg. Burials.
[Ale-draper, a seller of malt-liquors: an alehouse-
keeper or victualler, BAILEY (1721) ; No other occupation
have I but to be an ale-draper, CHETTLE Kind-Harts Dreame
(I592) ; Two milch maydens that had set up a shoppe of
ale-drapery, ib. (NARES). Ale + draper (humorously ap-
plied to the alehouse-keeper's business).]
ALEER
[37]
ALGERINING
ALEER, ad]. I.W. |>li3-(r).] Empty ; unladen.
I.W.1 Goo whooam wi' the wagon aleer.
[A- prob. repr. OE. ge ; cp. gelcere, empty ; or the pref.
may=on (the pref. of state or condition). See Leer.]
ALEGAR, sb. Obsol. n.Cy. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf. Der. Not. Lin. Lei. Won e.An. Also written allekar
Wm.1; alliker n.Yks.2 ; elliker w.Yks.1: elekar w.Yks.5 ;
aliker e.Lan.1 ; allegar Chs.1 s.Chs.1 Stf.1 ; allecar, alle-
kur n.Lin.1 Vinegar made from ale ; malt vinegar ; sour
ale used as vinegar.
N.Cy.1, Cum. Gl. (1851). Wm. Ya drop o alligar may be an
ocean to sic tiny inhabitants, HUTTON Bran New Wark (1785) 1- 91 i
An gav him sum alleker, WHEELER Dial. (179°) 56 ! Wm.1 w.Yks.
Elekir, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Mar. 16, 1889) ; Fetch a pint of allica
(F.P.T.) ; Born wi' soa mich eliker i' ther blooid, HARTLEY Puddiif
(1876) 258 ; Her face turned as sahr as elliker, Saunterer's Satchel
(1879) 21 ; T'privates is allaud rost mutton, an a bottle a helligar
an waiter, wha wine they call it, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla
Ann. (1847) 46 ; Sittin astride of a barril at we used to mack
helliger in, ib. M. Muffindoaf '(1843) 35 ; Salt an pepper, mustard
an helliker, Pudsey Olm. (1888) 14. Lan. Deeds _as sharp as
m.Lan.1
an' co' for a gill o' ale fresh drawn. Chs.1 Allegar, vinegar, origin-
ally such as was made from ale, but now applied to all kinds of
vinegar. Wilbraham says the word is generally used with the
adjunct 'vinegar' — allegar-vinegar, but it is not so used now at
Macclesfield. s.Chs.1 Key's shedden my drop o' allegar. Der.2,
Not.1 Lin.1 That pancheon is chock-full of alegar. n-Lin.1 Alegar,
sour ale used as a substitute for vinegar. Lei.1 Alegar is to ale
what vinegar is to wine. ' Malt vinegar ' is perhaps its modern
equivalent Wor. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (M.) e-An.1, Suf.1
Attrib. in Alegar strikers, thin gruel flavoured with
vinegar.
Chs.1 s
[Alegar, sour ale ; a kind of acid made by ale, as vine-
gar by wine, which has lost its spirit, JOHNSON ; Alegar
(q.d. Ale-eager), sour ale or beer, a sort of vinegar, BAILEY
(1721) ; Aleger, the vinegar made of sour ale, BLOUNT
(1681) ; Alegar, quo nomine rustici agri Line. &* per totum
Angliae Septentrionalis tractum Acetum cerevisiae non lupu-
latae appellant, q.d. Ale Eager, vel Eager Ale, i. e. sour ale,
SKINNER (1671) ; Soure and tarte thynges as venegre and
aleger, BOORDE Dyetary (1542) 296 ; With venegre or
eysel or with alegere, Cookery Books (1430) 28. Ale + egre
(Fr. aigre, sharp, sour).]
ALE-HOpF, sb. Yks. Shr. Sus. Dev. Cor. Also written
ale-hoove in Shr. and Sus., alliff in e.Sus. [el-uf,
i'l-uv.] The ground ivy, Nepeta Glechoma.
w.Yks.2 At Eyam it is, or was, used in the brewing of ale instead
of hops. Shr., Sus. Ale-hoove, i. e. that which will cause ale to
heave or work \_sic\. DeV. Where ale-hoof and the borage, too, Held
forth their gems of blue, CAPERN Ballads (1858) 128. Cor. Jack
would take the children and collect bitter herbs to make the beer
keep, such as the ale-hoof (ground-ivy), mugwort. ... and pellitory,
HUNT Pop. Rom. w.Eng. (1865) I. 44.
[Ale-hoof, ground-ivy, so called, because it serves to
clear ale or beer—Hedera terrestris, L., BAILEY (1721) ;
Ale-hoof (herb), Hedera terrestris, COLES (1679) ; Patte de
chat, Cat's-foot, ale-hoof, tune-hoof, ground ivy, Gill
creep by the ground, COTGR. (1611) ; ' The women of our
Northerne parts, especially about Wales and Cheshire,
do tunne the herbe ale-hoof into their ale ; but the reason
thereof I know not : notwithstanding without all con-
trouersie it is most singular against the griefes aforesaid :
being tunned vp in ale and drunke, it also purgeth the
head from rheumaticke humors flowing from the brain,
GERARD Herball (1597) 11.856. Ale + hoof; hoof repr. an
earlier hove (Prompt. 250), OE. hofe, the ground ivy. In
ME. the ordinary name for the plant was hat-hove (houe) ;
see Voc. 786. 29, Prompt, (notes) 250, and Meals and
Manners (E.E.T.S. No. 32) 68.]
ALE-HOUSE, sb. Widely diffused throughout the
dial. Also written aalhouse Wxf.1 ; ale-hus Nhp.1;
ale'us w.Yks.2; alus n.Yks.1 Ken.1; al-hoos ne.Yks.1 ;
yalhoose n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1 e.Yks.1 ; yale-hus Nhp.1 ;
f
fa
yalus n.Yks.1; yelhus Nhp.1; ellus e.An.1 [e-las, ea'las,
ye'las.] A house where ale is sold.
Sc. Na, sir, I never gang to the yill house, Scorr Rob Roy (1817)
xiv. Edb. We jogged on till we came to the yill-house door, Mom
Mansic Wauch (1828) xiii. Wxf.1 Yks. Wi' lads, te t'yal-house
gangin', INGLEDEW Ballads (1860) 227. n.Yks.1 2 ne.Yks.1 Ah seed
him i t'yal-hoos suppin yal. e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Ale'us, Wkfld. Wds.
Nhp.1 Alehus, a small public-house, or beer-shop. e.An.1 w.Nrf.
Shaking off the ashes from his short black pipe on to the clean
sanded floor of the al'us, ORTON Beeston Ghost (1884) 4. Ken.
An' dare was aluses by swarms, MASTERS Dick and Sal (c. 1821)
st. 63. Sus. De butcher kipt a aluss too, LOWER Tom Cladpole
(1831) st. 54. Som. Yal'house, JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825).
e.Som. W. &J. Gl. (1873).
[Would I were in an ale-house in London, SHAKS.
Hen. V, in. ii. 12. ME. The word ale-hus occurs in Horn.
ii. n. OE. eala-hus (Laws of Ethelb.).]
ALEING, si. O*5. Ken. An entertainment given with
a view to collecting subscriptions from guests invited to
a brewing of ale.
Ken.1 ; Ken.2 An aleing, i.e. wheremirth, ale, and music are stirring ;
'tis a custom in West Kent for the lower class of housekeepers to
brew a small quantity of malt, and to invite their neighbours to it,
who give them something for a gratification ; this they call an
aleing, and they do it to get a little money, and the people go to
it out of kindness to them.
[Aleing or aling, vbl. sb. from ale (taken as a vb., see
Ale) + ing.}
ALENTH, adv. n.Sc. GAM.) In the direction of the
length. In phr. to come alenth, to arrive at maturity ; to
vaefar alenth, to go great lengths ; to be far alenth, to be
!ar advanced, to make great progress or improvement.
[Alength, at full length, along, stretched along the
ground, JOHNSON ; Alength, in longum, COLES (1679). A-,
on + length.}
ALEXANDER(S, sb. Sc. Cor. Written allsanders
Cor.12 ; alshinder, elshinder Sc. A plant-name : Smyr-
nium olusatrum, or Horse-parsley.
Sc. Dear me ! there's no an alshinder I meet, There's no a whinny
bush that trips my leg . . . But woos remembrance frae her dear
retreat, Donald and Flora, 82 (JAM.). Cor.1 2
[Alexandra, the herb great parsley, Alexanders or
Alisaunders, COTGR. ; Herbes and rootes for sallets and
sauce : Alexanders at all times, TUSSER Husbandrie (1580)
94; Alysaunder herbe or stanmarche, Macedonia, Prompt.
OE. alexandre (in the Leechdoms) ; also AFr. alisaundre,
the horse-parsley. Fr. alisandre (PALSGR.). The MLat.
name was Petroselinum Alexandrinum.}
ALEXANDRA PLOVERS, sb. e.An.
e-An.1 Alexandra Plovers, Kentish plovers (Aegialitis cantiana],
so called by Breydon gunners, E. T. BOOTH in Rough Notes.
ALGATE, ALGATES, ALL-GATES, adv. n.Cy. Nhb.
Wm. Yks. Chs. Der. Lin. [§'l-get, 9'1-geat, Nhb. 9'1-giat,
Wm. 9'giat.]
1. In every way, by all means.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. Aa've sowt ford all gyets (R.O.H.); Nhb.1 Aa've
been up and doon aallgates. Wm.1 Augeates, in all ways. n.Yks.2
They tried all geeats to get it. Chs.1 Obs. Der.2 Lin. All-gates,
all means, STREATFIELD Lin. and Danes (1884) 315 ; n-Lin.1
2. However, at all events, at any rate.
Nhb.1
[1. Algates, by any means, BAILEY (1755) ; Wyll you
algates do it? levoulezvousfaire tout a force? PALSGR. 829;
Algatys or allewey, Omnino, omnimodo, penitus, Prompt. ;
So that, algates, she is the verray rote Of my disese,
CHAUCER M. P. xxn. 43. 2. Algate, notwithstanding, COLES
(1677) ; Algates, for all that, KERSEY ; Algates songes
thus I made Of my feling, myn herte to glade, CHAUCER
M.P. in. 1171. The older form was alegate, i.e. allegate,
in every way ; see Gate.]
ALGERINING, sb. Chs. The act of prowling about
with an intention to steal ; robbery.
Chs. It were nobbut that algerining gallows-tang, Joe Clarke,
CROSTON Enoch Crump (1887) 14 ; Chs.1 He goes about algerining
and begging [often said of a tramp] ; Chs.3
[Prob. from Algerine, an inhabitant of Algiers,
greatest commerce of the Algerines consists in the mer-
ALIAN
[38]
ALL
chandize which they obtain by the piratical plunder of the
Christians over the whole Mediterranean, BAILEY (1755).]
ALIAN, sb. Obs. Hrt.
Hrt. A sheep suckling a lamb not its own, or a lamb suckled by
a sheep, not its dam, ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) IV. i. 115.
[For alien, that which belongs to another.]
ALICE, sb. Nrf. Dev. [ae'lis.] In plant-names : (i)
Saucy Alice, Polygonum persicaria (Nrf. Yarmouth) ;
(2) Sweet M\ce,Arabisalpina, Alyssum maritimum (Dev.).
Dev.4 Sweet Alice, Alyssum maritimum. Alyssum or Allison
has been changed into (i) Anise . . . and (a) Alice.
[Alyssum, botanical Lat. for alysson (PLINY), Gr. «Xwow,
the name of a plant ; Skvams, curing madness, d (prev.) +
\vatra (madness) Cp. COLES (1679) : Alysson, Alyssum,
wild hemp or madwort ; Alyssus, an Arcadian fountain
curing the biting of mad dogs.]
ALICK, sb. Ken. [ae'lik.] Smyniium olusatntm ;
also called Alexanders, q.v.
Ken. [At Dover] men, women, and children, sailors and country-
folk, all call it by one name — Alick.
ALIE, sb. Sh. and Or.I. A pet, a favourite. See
Alie, v.
S. fcOrk.1 An alie lamb.
2. Comp. Alye-caddie. A pet lamb.
ALIE, v. Sh.I. To pet, to cherish.
Sh.I. (W.A.G.) S. & Ork.1
[Supposed by some to be connected with ON. a/a, to
bear, to nourish, spec, used of the rearing of a pet Iamb,
but the form is difficult to account for.]
ALIE, adv. Som. Dev. [alai-.] In a recumbent posi-
tion, lying flat.
w.Som.1 The grass is shockin bad to cut, tis all alie. Zend out
and zit up the stitches, half o'm be alie way this here rough wind.
nw.Dev.1
[A-, on -f- lie, sb. from lie, vb.,to be in a horizontal position.]
ALISON, see Elsin.
ALIST, adv. Obs. Sc. To come alist, to recover from
faintness or decay ; used with regard to one recovering
from a swoon (JAM.).
Sc. But well's my heart that ye are come alist, Ross Helenore
(1768) 8.
[Perhaps repr. OE. alised (y, le) freed, let loose, pp. of
atiesan.]
ALIVE, adj. Cor. [slai'v.]
Cor.2 When a mineral lode is rich in tin, copper, &c., it is said
to be alive, in contradistinction to deads, q.v.
ALK, see Auk.
ALKIN, phr. used attrib. n.Sc. Yks. Chs. Also
written allkyn, alkyn (JAM.) ; allkins n.Yks.1 m.Yks.1
Of every kind.
Sc. They still say 'aw kin kind ' (JAM.). n-Yks.1 Of all sorts,
various and intermingled. m.Yks.1. Chs.13
[ME. alkyn. pere schall bou alkynne solas see (solace
of every kind), York Plays, 493; Alkyn crafty men ( =
craftsmen of every kind), P. Plowman (B.) vi. 70 ; more
commonly alkynnes (see P. Plowman, glossary). OE.
ealles cynnes, of every kind, gen. of eall cynn.]
ALKITOTLE, sb. n.Dev. Also written alkithole
(HOLLOWAY). [alkittwtl.] A foolish fellow.
n.Dev. Go, ya alkitotle ? ya gurt voolish trapes ! Exm. Crtshp.
(1746)1.470; Go, ya alkitotle, why dedst tell zo? 16. 1.577; I mind
an alkitotle o't Avore a month had got a-quot, ROCK Jim an' Nell
(1867) St. 61.
[I am an oaf, a simple alcatote, an innocent, FORD
Fancies (N.E.D.).]
ALL, adj. and adv. Van dial. Also written a' Sc.
[931, 91, 9, Sc. a.]
1. adv. Entirely, quite, fully.
w.Yks.2 He fell down and all dirtied his brat. Sur.1 It's all ten
year agoOj [meaning ten years and more]. Som. I should want all
vivepoun toboot,RAYMONDSawa«rfSaAi'«a(i894)6o; w.Som !Her
gid n all so good's he brought. Her and he be all o' one mind about
\ «°T- , 7 USed fret)uent'y as an augmentative, as ' all abroad.'
2. With sb., having the taste or smell of.
0W Arif G This pan is a" onions- What is this bottle all ?
3. All, not implying totality, but the completion of a
series ; therefore equivalent to last, final.
w.Som.1 Plaise, sir, all the coal's a finished — i.e. the last of it.
Aay shl dig au-1 mee tae-udeez tumaar'u [I shall dig all my pota-
toes to-morrow — i.e. I shall complete the digging]. This would be
perfectly intelligible, even if the speaker had been digging con-
tinuously for weeks previously. So, ' I zeed em all out ' means not
that I saw the whole number depart, but the last of them.
4. All, adj., followed by a noun in the sine. : every.
Sc. Ane couldna hae een to a' thing, SCOTT Midlothian (1818) xv ;
I thought you were named Robbie A Thing from the fact of your
keeping all kinds of goods, RAMSAY Remin. (1859) II. 128. w.Sc.
The world lay besotted, and swalteringin all sorte of superstition,
Blame of Kirkburiall, xiii. In Scotland even when 'the' is used, the
noun that follows is in the singular, as ' He has all the kin' o' things
needed.' The English structure is, however, also used (JAM.
Snppl.\ Frf. He was standin' at the gate, which, as a' body kens,
is but sax steps frae thehoose,BARRiE Thrums (1889) 211, ed. 1894.
Ir. Is that generally believed ? — It is by a' man (W.J.K.).
5. Comp. and phr.
I. All-a-bits, in pieces or rags ; — about, see below ;
— abroad, — acock, see Abroad, Acock ; — afloat, in
disorder ; — ahuh, see Ahuh ; — ains, see Even ; — along,
(i) continuously from the first, (2) at full length ; — along
of, — along on, see Along of ; — among, mingled con-
fusedly together; -a-muggle, disorderly, untidy; — and
some, one and all ; — as is, the whole of the matter, all that
remains ; • — as one, the same thing ; — as one as, just like ;
— at a bang, — at a slap, all at once ; — at home, quite sane ;
-aveer, altogether ; -a-yock, see Ahuh ; — b'ease, easily,
quietly; — but, (i) except, (2) almost; — ends and sides,
(1) all around, in every direction, (2) unreliable, scatter-
brained ; — evers, hyperbolical phrase meaning for a long
time, for all occasions ; -fare, for good and all ; — fives,
a game of cards ; -fore ; — for nothing, in vain ; -heal, — in,
see below ; — in a charm, all singing or talking at once ;
-in-all, very intimate ; — in a lump like a dog's breakfast,
an Ir. comparison ; — in a muggle, see all-a-muggle ; — in
a piece, stiff with cold or rheumatism ; -in-one, at the same
time ; — intents and purposes, the best of one's ability, as
much as possible ; -in-the-well, a boy's game ; — makes, all
kinds; — manner, (i) all sorts, (2) see below, (3) in an ex-
traordinary way ; — manner o' gatherins, — manner o' what,
see below; -manners, all sorts, all kinds (gen. used dis-
paragingly) ; — my eye and Betty Martin, an expression of
incredulity ; — my lone, alone ; — my lime, my best exer-
tions ; — nations, profusion ; — naught, of no value or
importance; -- of, used with sb. in a quasi-adjectival
manner ; — of a hot, suddenly, unexpectedly ; — of a huh,
see Ahuh ; — of a kidney, much alike, of the same kind ;
- of an upshot, unexpectedly ; — of a piece, (i) of an
eruption or sore : almost entirely covered, (2) stiff, crip-
pled by rheumatism, (3) evidence to prop up a false story ;
— of a pop, swampy ; — ofaquob, see below; — of a rattle,
at once; — ofarow, a child's game; — ofasken, (i) dazed,
(2) oblique, awry ; — of a swim, very wet ; — of a twitter,
trembling; — on, continually, without stopping; — one,
all the same ; — one as, just like ; — one for that, not-
withstanding, in spite of; — on end, (i) eager, expectant,
(2) in confusion; — on for, in earnest for; -over, -over-
back, -sales, see below ; -same, of no consequence ; — sainf
time, nevertheless, notwithstanding ; — serene, quite satis-
factory ; — shirt-neck, see below ; -sides, all together ; -so,
corruption of all-save, except ; — so be, all the same,
however ; — so be as, although ; — sorts, (i) a scolding,
(2) very much ; — that, — to that, more of the same nature ;
— that ever, barely, only just ; — that's in it, merely; — the
birds in the air, — the fishes in the sea, two games played
by children in Suf. ; — the go, in the fashion ; — the one,
the only one ; — there, of competent understanding ; — the
same as, like, even as ; — the wear, fashionable ; -to, see
below ; — to a muggle, see -a-muggle ; — together like
Brown's cows, an Ir. comparison; — to naught, (i) quite,
completely, altogether, (2) see below ; — to nothing, see
all to naught (i) ; — to one side like the handle of a jug, an
Ir. comparison ; — to smash, ruined ; — under one, at
the same time ; — up, all over, ended ; — upon heaps,
in disorder ; -ups, — within itself, see below.
ALL
[39]
ALL
Dur.1 All-o-bits, broken. n-Lin.1 He brok my cheany tea-pot wi'
John Wesla' head on it all e' bits, an' then said a metal un wo'd do
for a ohd thing like me. A man who has become a bankrupt is
said to have tumbled all e' bits. Brks.1 A carriage badly smashed
by an accident is said to be all in bits. w.Yks. All about, nearly;
also close at hand. Ther'd be all abaht a score o' fowk at t'funeral.
Whear's yahr Jim ? — Aw, he's all abaht [near by], Leeds Men.
Siippl. (May 9, 1891) ; It wor all abaht twenty thahsand 'at he
failed in (J.R.). War.2 All about, in a state of confusion. We're
all about, we've got the painters in the house. All about it, the
whole matter. Yo'r Joe hot our Lizzie, an' 'er tank'd 'im agen wi'
th' broom, an' that's all about it. Hrf. & Shr. In the county of
Hereford, to get all about in one's head, means to become light-
headed, muddled, confused. That's all about it, BOUND Prov.
(1876). Oxf.1 MS. add. w.Yks.3 All afloits [all afloat], all in dis-
nrder. (i) w.Yks.2 You have all along been my friend. Stf.2 nXin.1
Iv'e gone on that foot-trod all along ony time this tho'ty year. Th'
Hea runs all-long o' west side o' Ketton Parish. Lei.1 A wur a-
callin' of 'im all along. Shr.1 'E's bin comin' all alung ; Shr.2 This'ns
all alung. w.Som.1 Aay toa'uld ee zoa airl ulau-ng [I told you so
throughout]. T-u biin shau-keen saar'us wadh-ur au-1 ulau-ng
[it has been shocking harvest weather without change from the
commencement], (s) s.War. A-la-in out all alon' on the flur, Why
John (G.H.T.). w.Som1. Ee aup wai uz vuys un aa-t-n au'l ulau-ng
[he up with his fist and hit him down flat]. Aay eech me veot un
vaald au'l ulau-ng [I caught my foot and fell at full length]. Lin.1
All-amang-pur, mixed confusedly together. Brks. 'Hev'ee seed
aught o' my bees?' 'Ee's.Iseenem.' ' Werbe'em then?' 'Aalamang
wi' ourn in the limes.' 'Aal amang wi' yourn !' exclaimed the
constable, HUGHES, T. Brown Oxf. (1861) xxiii. I.W.1 When
different flocks of sheep or herds of cattle are mixed together, they
are said to be ' aal amang one another.' Wil. Allemang, HOLLO-
WAY ; Wil.1 Zweethearts, an wives, an children young, Like sheep
at vair, be ael among, SLOW Smilin Jack. w.Som.1 In a muddle,
confusion. Uur /mud au-1 tiie u muug'l, poo-ur soal, aa-dr ee duyd
[she seemed all to a muggle, poor soul, after he died]. n-Lin.1
All and some, one and all. Lei.1 Oi'll tell yer missus on yer, an'
that's all as is. War.2 If yo' don't like it, yO' can lump it, and
that's all as is. w.Wor.1 The pot's purty nigh emp, but I'll give
'ee ahl-as-is. Shr.1 Now Turn, all as is is this ; if yo' dunna stop
a-wham an' be tidy I mun lave yo' ! so now yo' knowen. Wil.1
Aal as is as you've a-got to do be to volly on hoein' they turmuts
till I tells 'ee to stop ! e.Yks. Pay which of us you lik, we're all as
yan (W.H.). s.Stf. It's all as one whichever did it, PINNOCK Blk.
Cy. Ann. (1894) ; Stf.2 ri.Lin.1 It's all's one to me whether you paay
me noo oro' Setterda' neet. se.Wor.1 Thee cunst g66 ar stop, Bill ;
it'sall asonc. Shr.1 It's all as one to me. Som. Gen'le-volkor poor
volk, 'tis all as one, RAYMOND Love and Quiet Life (1894) 194. Ir.The
clergy lived upon the best footin' among one another, not all as one
as now, YEATS Fit-Tales (1888) 195. s.Ir. At last he became all
as one as tipsy, CROKER Leg. (1862) 247. w.Yks. T'stuff went
dahn o' t'flooar all at a bang [or slap], Leeds Merc. Suppl.
(May 9, 1891). nXin.1 He's all at hoame when ther's oht to do,
but he talks straange an' random when he's sittin' by th' fireside.
Wxf.1 Aul-aveer, altogether. Shr. , Hrf. He's going along all b'ease,
BOUND Prov. (1876). Rdn. All-bease, gently, quietly : put for ' all
by ease,' MORGAN Wds. (1881). (i) w.Yks.2 I've got 'em all obbut
six. Lan. All dacent folk can laugh, obbut buryin chaps [under-
takers], CLEGG TH Derby (1890) 36 ; Aw cuddent be moore cum-
furtublur o whome, obut iv thee un me wer'n wed, ORMEROD
Felleyfro Rachde (1856) 43 ; Lan.1 ' Aw've finished,' said Dick, ' obbut
polishin off wi' summut,' BRIERLEY Irkdale (1865) 244, ed. 1868.
(2) Nhb.1 When want has aabut owertyen us, She aaways keeps
maa heart abuin, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) 13. n.Yks.2 Chs.1
He's awbur done 'is wark. (i) n-Lin.1 Gether them things up,
thaay're of all ends an' sides. (2) She's alus of all ends an' sides,
we can niver fix her to noht n.Yks. He was for all iwers in
finishing it (I.W.). w.Yks.5 Tawak abart brass ! he's brass eniff fur
awalivvers! n-Lin.1 He's books enif e' that room for all-ivers.
ne.Yks.1 He's gone for all-fare. Slang. The customers are fond of a
' hand at cribbage,' a ' cut-in at whist,' or a 'game at all fours,' or
' all fives,' MAYHEW Land. Labour (1864) I. 267. w.Som.1 All-
vore, the wide open or hollow furrow left between each patch of
ground, ploughed by the same team, at the spot where the work was
begun and finished. Dev. All-vore, a trench left in ploughing, the
result of two furrows lying away from each other (opp. to By-vore)
in the final ' pitch.' It is produced by ' throwing abroad,' Reports
Provinc. (1884) 32, s.v. Throw-abroad. Oxf.1 Twuz all for nuthin',
MS. add. m.Yks.1 All-heal, a miner's term for a new working.
w.Yks.4 All in, the cry by which school children are summoned
from their playground to their school business. . . . Ringers
still ring ' all in ' as their last peal before the commencement
of Divine service. n.Wil. The birds was all in a charm this
mornin' (E.H.G.). Brks.1 All in a charm, a confused noise
as when children are talking and playing together around one.
Nhp.1 All-in-all, very intimate. n.Lin.1 All in a piece, stiff with
rheumatism, frozen, coagulated. I'm all in a peace like a stock-
fish. nw.Der.1 Aw-i-one, at the same time. s.Wor. Farmer J —
was a bad mon, he cussed me to all intents and purposes, PORSON
Quaint Wds. (1875) 23. Nhb.1 All-in-the-well. A circle is made,
termed the well, in the centre of which is placed a wooden peg,
with a button balanced on the top. Those desirous of playing
give buttons, marbles, or anything else, for the privilege of throwing
a short stick, with which they are furnished, at the peg. Should
the button fly out of the ring, the player is entitled to double the
stipulated value of what he gives for the stick. The game is also
practised at the Newcastle Races, and other places of amusement
in the North, with three pegs, which are put into three circular
holes, made in the ground, about two feet apart, and forming a
triangle. In this case each hole contains a peg, about nine inches
long, upon which are deposited either a small knife or some copper.
The person playing gives so much for each stick, and gets all the
articles that are thrown oft so as to fall on the outside of the holes
(HALL.). ne.Lan.1 O-i-t-well, the game ' three throws a penny. '
Nhb.1 They he' fornitor, an' crockery, an' byuts, an' shoes, an'
aamacks o' things. Wm. I'd fun ev o' macs, Bayth cooartin', en'
feytin'. BLEZARD Sngs. (1848) 33. w.Yks. A common phrase is
' all maks an' manders,' Leeds Merc. Suppl. (May 9, 1891) ; 'E'll 'ev
au maks o' toys at 'cam to laake wi' (F.P.T.). m.Yks.1 I went in
to buy a bonnet-shape, and he showed me au maks. Chs.1 Oocon
mak a dinner o' aw macks ; oo con mak one aht o' a dish-clout.
(1) nw.Der.1 That shopkeyper's aw mander a things e his shop.
(2) Glo.2 He came and did all manner [of insolence or injury].
Sus.1 All manner, undefined goings-on of a discreditable nature.
There's been a pretty start up at the forge this morning ! Fighting
and all manner. (3) Wor. I've been very bad, and the t'other night
a was a talking all manner, and a didn't knaaw what a was
a saying (H.K.). Nrf. All mander o' gatherins, all mander
[manner] o' what, omnium gatherum (E.M.). Suf. All manner o'
what, all sorts of things (C.T.) ; All manner a wot, indiscrimi-
nate abuse (WRIGHT). Brks.1 Thaay was a-zaayin' all manners o'
things about her. I.W.1 I zid aal manners of folks. Dur.1 All my
eye and Betty Martin, a familiar expression used to show that, as
regards some particular transaction, there has been some deceit, im-
position, or pretence : it is thought to have had its origin in the begin-
ning of the old Romish hymn — O mihi beate Marline. Cant. AH
my eye, All my eye and Betty Martin. First used as a contemptuous
parody on a popish penitential prayer, Life B. M. Carew (1791).
Slang. As for black clothes, that's all my eye and Tommy, POOLE
Hamlet Travestied, i. I (FARMER). All my eye, All my eye and
Betty Martin, All my eye and my elbow, All my eye and Tommy,
All nonsense, rubbish, FARMER. Gall. Oh, Patrick, do not faint
away again and leave me all my lone, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) 254.
N.I.1 All my lone, A' my lane, or All his lone, alone. [Amer. All
of my lone, a negro vulgarism for ' alone,' FARMER.] w.Som.1 1 can
zee very well t'll take me all my time vor to get over thick job.
w.Yks.3 There were all nations of things on the table. All nations
enough, superabundance. w.Yks. If a person is telling a tale to
another, and this latter knows it to be untrue, he would probably
exclaim, ' Aw, that's all nowt ! ' It is also said when persons use
arguments (in advancing an opinion) which are of no, or little,
weight, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (May 9, 1891). Lei.1 All of a heap,
All of a dither, All of a mess, All of a puther, All of a tremble.
Oi wur struck all of a heap. Som. A witness came on the prisoner
all of a hot, Spectator (Feb. 16, 1895) 230. w.Som.1 All of a ugh.
Jimp. All of a kidney. Said of two people or two families whose
habits, tempers, or tastes agree in most things, ' Oh they are all of
a kidney,' with a certain amount of depreciation and mild con-
tempt (H.C.M.B.). Cor. All on a nupshot, unexpectedly, in a
great hurry, THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) 66. (i) w.Yks.
His face war a sad seat, it war all of a piece (J.R.). n-Lin.1 Her
legs is all of a peace wi' harvist-bug bites. (2) He was a nim'le
yung man twenty year sin', but he's all oi a peace noo, and walks
wi' crutches. (3) Tha'z no 'keyshun to say no more — it's all of
a piece (J.R.). Shr.1 That theer end o' the yord's all of a pop
wuth las' neet's rain. 76. All of a quob. This expression, often
used when speaking of boggy land, is sometimes also employed
to denote that peculiar condition in the body of a calf or sheep
which has been struck, i.e. died of a kind of apoplectic fit, where
the extravasated blood can be felt under the skin by pressure
of the hand on the parts affected. Cor. An' then she dried up
all of a rattle, an' snorted brave, FORFAR Wizard (1871) 38, 1. 7.
ALL
[40]
ALLAMOTTI
Suf.Allofarow,achild'sgame(HALL.); 'Allofarow.' Theleader
111111. 1 II LI I III ill Lll L<J LUG i ignij 111C11 I'l ill 111 111 I II i ICllj til C 11
'All ofa row,' when the game ends (F.H.). Lan. (i) When aw got
up aw wur o' of a sken, CLEWORTH Da/tie Dick (1888) so; (a) All
of a sken is applied to anything awry, whether lit. or Jig. (S.W.)
Stf.2 It's been reenin' cats and dogs, an th' feld's aw ofa swim. Lan.
us an one wneiner ye oo or wnetner ye aoant. w.som.* wur
aay goo-us, ur wur aay doa-un, t-aez au-1 waun tu mee [whether
I go, or whether I do not, it is just the same to me]. Ir. Father
Corcoran whispered all one as a mass . . . into Mrs. Dempey's own
ear, BARRINGTON Sketches (1830) II. v. Sus. Wearing it was all
one as if you had your head in the stocks, EGERTON Flks. and Ways
(1884; 131. n.Wil. Simmin to I these here vlawers be all one as
moondaisies (E. H.G. ). Wil.1 1 be'tirely blowed up all one as a drum.
Glo.2 All's one for that [notwithstanding your objection, the case
remains the same]. Wil.Mt medn't be true all one for that. (i)Som.
All on een, on tiptoe, eager, W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; w.Som.1 The writer
heard in reference to an exciting local trial : We wuz au'l un e'en
tu yuur iie'd u-kaa'rd dhu dai [we were eagerly anxious to hear who
had carried the day, i.e. won the trial]. (2) Stf.2 What a muck mess
the'st gotten th' hais into, it's aw on end. War.2 Don't call to-day,
we're all on end. Shr.1 Them things bin all on end agen, I see.
w.Yks. He's all on for dewin' his best to get Ben Tillett inta Parlia-
ment this next time, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (May 9, 1891). Slang.
All-over, a game. The games appertaining to the playground con-
sisted of prisoners' base, . . . all-over, WICKHAM Blue-Coat Boy
(1841) x. w.Yks.5 All-ower-back, a juvenile game. Suf.1 All-sales,
all times. w.Som.1 Taez au-1 sae-um tu mee, aay tuul ee, wuur
yiie du buy un ur noa [it is of no consequence to me, I tell you,
whether you buy it or not]. Aay zaed aay wiid-n, au-1 sae-um
tuym, neef yiie-1 prau-mus, &c. [I said I would not (do it),
nevertheless, if you will promise, &c.] w.Yks. 'All serene,'
said Sammywell, HARTLEY Sects (1895) x. Colloq. All serene
all right, all's well. 'You're all serene, then, Mr. Snape,' said
Charley, 'you're in the right box,' TROLLOPE Three Clerks (1857)
xlv (FARMER). w.Yks. All shirt-neck, cutting a great figure
CUDWORTH Horton (1886). I.W.1 Goo down to plough, allsides-
I.W.2 We be gwyne to begin dreshin allzides to-morrow mornin.'
Hrf.& Midi. Ail-so. A Herefordshire woman stated in my hearing that
by 'three months ail-so a fortnight ' she meant 'two months and two
weeks ' N. & Q. (1866) 3rd. S. ix. 450 ; Hrf.1 Sixpence also two-
pence [i.e. all but twopence] ; Hrf.2 That row o' taturs was all rotton
ail-so these few. Have you finished ?— Yes, also that [i.e. all but that]
Dev. Loose me ... I'm not in love with you. I like you, all so be
MORTIMER Tales Moors (1895) 22; I wouldn't back myself to vind
un, all zo be as I know the moor as well as here and there a one
tb. 200 ; ' Maybe, you'm better hand nor me,' said Granfer, testily ;
all zo be as you wornt borned afore me,' ib. 289 NI i (i) She
gave me all sorts for not doin' it. (2) She was cryin' all sorts It
was raining all sorts. w.Ir. Let alone the two towers, and' the
bishop, and plmty o' priests, and all to that, LOVER Leg (1848) I
91. Cum.1 She fand it varra sweet an' good an o' that. Sc'.
Can you lift that ?— It's a' the teer [that e'er] ( JAM.). Sus. Folk do
s.eiya.st.a"n'1alt-sinitdis.jACKSON5o«tta.flrrf//0(i894-i 1.338 • Sus i
Alltsimt [al that's in it], merely. nw.Der.1 AH the bfrds'in'he
air, a Suffolk game. w.Yks. Broad-brim'd hats is all fgoa wi't
voThVv"? wh' ^N-KS W,kfld- Wds~ (l865^ HJ'1 Is this »» th" ol
frtte I. S ^ ya" UV hCr mflddV' R'CHARDSON Sng. Sol
I5 I it^ cS- Tha raves an> storms at sich a ra'e, As if tha
sZ? V uf ^ ENCER P°emS' 249! W'Yks'2 He>s no a» there
af vo J g ? y°u!;m°u*,Teddy. Yer needn't let everybody know
as you re not all there, PRIOR Rente (1895) 222 n Lin.1 He talk.
Sffi<£lMfti? hfe'S a" 5-2S3L ^e wants oht
tion, 1522, Almondbury Ch. : W a crown of thon My hed all to
torn. w.Som.1 Where in other dialects they say 'all of or 'all
in,' we say ' all to.' Aay wuz u streokt airl tiie u eep [I was
struck all of a heap]. All to a muck, All to a sweat, All to a shake,
All to a miz-maze, All to a slatter. (i) Myo. Sure the mare wants
a rist, an' it'll shute her an' me all to nothin', STOKER Snake's
Pass (1891) iv. n.Yks.1 Ah aims yon's t'best stirk, Jooan. — Ay,
man, it beats t'ither all to nowght. e.Yks.1 Ah can beeat him
all « nowt at walkin, MS. add. (T.H.) Chs.3 He's all to nought
the best man. n-Lin.1 In theage wet years top-land beats warp
land all to noht. (2) n.Yks.1 All to nought, a phrase imply,
ing an approach towards nothingness more or less real and
effectual. He has gone away all to nowght, he has wasted away
to a mere shadow ; n.Yks.2 An all-to-naught concern, a hollow
speculation. w.Yks. All to nowt, with no definite aim or re-
sult (J.T.). [It will be all to one a better match for your sister,
AUSTEN Sense and Sensibility, xxx.] N.I.1 All to one side like the
handle of a jug. Lan. Maister, maister, dam's brossen and aw's to
smash (HALL.). Brks.1 All to smash, totally wrecked. w-Som^Au-l
tiiesmaa-rsh. [Amer. All-to-smash. This expression is often heard
in lowandfamiliarlanguage, BARTLETT.] w.Som^Tidnworthwhile
to go o' purpose vor that there — hon I comes up about the plump,
can do it all underone. n-Lin.1 It's all up wi' them fine fine-weather
farmers that keaps the'r carriages. Quite well at ten, Had a few
friends to sup with me ; Taken ill at twelve, And at one it was all
up with me, Perversion (1856) II. 38. Oxf.1 'Tis all up wi'n this
time safe enough. Slang. A-double 1, all, everything, a cobbler's
weapon ; u-p, up, adjective, not down ; S-q-u -double e-r-s, Squeers,
noun substantive, a educator of youth. Total, all up with Squeers,
DICKENS N. Nickleby (1838) Ix ; It's all up, thinks I, Raby Rattler
(1845) v. e.Yks.1 All uppa heeaps [all upon heaps], in a state of
disorder; used in reference to the furniture of a house, &c., MS.
add. (T.H.) [All-ups, a mixture of all qualities of coal, excepting
fine stack raised from one seam (CD.).] Sc. A lodging all within
itself, with divers easements [a house, from top to bottom, and
having several conveniences], Monthly Mag. (1798) II. 436.
Phr. II. For all, in spite of, notwithstanding; for all the
world, exactly, precisely ; for good and all, for ever, alto-
gether ; like all that, very well, very quickly.
^ Ayr. The rank is but the guinea stamp, The man's the gowd for
a' that, BURNS Fora' that (1795) st. i. w.Yks. O waint say there
wornt some stooans shifted for all that, Shevvild Ami. (1848) 7 ;
w.Yks.1 I'll doot for all ye. e.Yks.1 Ah wadn't gan, for all maisther
said Ah was, MS. add. (T.H.) Lei.1 Fur all a's a paa'son, adoon't
justly knoo 'aow to tackle an o'd wench loike may [me]. She would
for all anything go for a little walk. Nhp.1 I'll do it for all you.
Oxf.1 For all thee, in spite of you. w.Som.1 Her's a-got about
again nice, thankee, and her's a-go to work again, for all twadn
but dree weeks agone come Vriday, the cheel was a-bornd. Vur
au-1 yiie bee su kliivur, yiie kaa-n kau-m ut [notwithstanding that
you are so clever, you cannot accomplish it]. Aa-y du yuur waut
yiie du zai, bud vur au-1 dhaat, aay ziim t-oa-n due [I hear what
you say, but nevertheless, I seem (am convinced) it will not do].
s.Ir. It came on ... mighty dark all of a sudden, for all the world
as if the sun had tumbled down plump, CROKER Leg. (1862) 285.
Ir. Shut of them I'll be for good and all, BARLOW Lisconnel (1895)
205. w.Yks.1 He's gaan for good and all. Hnt. For good and all
(T.P.F.). w.Som.1 Ees, shoa-ur! uur-v laf-m naew vur geod-n
au-1 [Yes, sure ! she has left him now for ever]. n.Lin.1 To do
anything ' like all that ' is to do it very well or very quickly.
[1. It is all full of lies and robbery, BIBLE Nahum iii.
i ; This gallant Hotspur, this all-praised knight, SHAKS.
i Hen. IV, in. ii. 140. 2. Like Niobe, all tears, ib. Ham.
Dt'-/1*9' 4' Do a11 tnvnSe without murmurynge, TINDALE
Phil. n. 14 ; Vndire his lordship and his myght thou has
kasten all thynge, HAMPOLE Ps. viii. 7.]
ALLAGRUGOUS, see Malagrugous.
ALLAGUST, sb. Obs. Sc. Suspicion.
Abd. Fan they saw us a' in a bourich they had some allagust
that some mishanter had befaln us, FORBES Int. (1742") 16 ; GROSE
(1790) MS. add. (C.)
[Prob. due to a phr. in i6th cent. Fr. Cela a le goust
(mod. gout), that has the smack, the taste, the 'soupfon.'
Goust, the taste ; also a smack or savour. Gouster, to
taste, also to have some experience, a little insight, mean
knowledge in, COTGR.]
ALLAMOTTI, sb. Or.I. Also written alamonti ; ala-
mott! S. & Ork.1 The Storm Petrel, Procellaria pelaeica.
Or.I. SWAINSON Birds (1885) an. S. & Ork i
ALLAN
ALLER
ALLAN, sb. Cum. [a'lsn.]
Cum.1 A bit of land nearly surrounded by water ; an island.
ALL-ANERLY, adj. and adv. Also written alanerlie,
allanerlie, allenarly, allenarlie.
1. adj. used as sb. Only, sole.
Sc. My doo, my unfylet ane is but ane, she is the all-anerlie o'
her mither, ROESON Sng. Sol. (1860) vi. 9.
2. adv. Only, solely.
Sc. Who are accustomed to pay to their own chiefs, allenarly,
that respect, SCOTT Leg. Mont. (1830) iii. Edb. Scotland ... is
not like Goshen in Egypt, on whilk the sun of the heavens and of
the gospel shineth allenarly, SCOTT Midlothian (1818) xxxviii.
[1. James our second and allanerlie son, HOLINSHED Scot.
Chron. (1587) II. 51, ed. 1806 (N.E.D.). 2. That the licence
granted to beneficed persons to sett tacks be restrained
either to life rent tack or to a nineteen yeare tack allanerlie,
Row Hist. Kirk Scot. (1650) 218, Wodrow Soc. AII+
anerly, q.v.]
ALLAN HAWK, sb. Or. and Sh.I. Sc. Irel. Also
written holland hawk Ayr. N.I.1 ; oilan auk Ant.
1. The Great Northern Diver, Colymbus glacialis.
Ayr. SWAINSON Birds ( 1885) 213. N.I.1 Ant. Oilan auk. Allan
or Holland hawk is used by those who are ignorant (S.A.B.).
2. The Red-throated Diver, Colymbus septentrionalis.
N.I.1
3. Richardson's Skua, Stercorarius crepidatus. See
Aulin.
e.Sc. Allan hawk, the aulin, so called on the shores of the
Solway Frith (JAM. Sufpl.). N.I.1 The skua was called allan-hawk
in Mourne, co. Down.
ALLAVOLIE, ALLEVOLIE, adv. and adj. Sc. QAM.)
1. adv. At random.
Sc. I spoke it quite allevolie.
2. adj. Giddy, volatile.
Sc. An alle-volie chield, a volatile fellow.
[Repr. the Fr. phr. a la voile, in full sail. Cp. COTGR.
(s.v. Voile), Navire friand a la voile, an excellent sailer.]
ALLECAMPAGNE, see Elecampane.
ALLEE-COUCHEE, phr. Cor. Also written alley-
couchey. [ae'li-kufl.] To go to bed.
Cor. Look ere, I'm a-goin' to allee-couchee ef et lasts like this,
' Q.' Troy Town (1888) v ; About ten, as we was thinkin' to alley-
couchey, there comes a bangin' on the door, ib. Noughts and
Crosses (1891) 211 ; Cor.1
[Fr. aller (se) coucher, to go to bed.]
ALLEGATE, v. Irel. [a'liget] To argue, dispute.
Ir. They'll bicker and allegate about every hand's turn, BARLOW
Idylls (1892) 180.
[Why, belike he is some runagate, that will not show
his name. Ah, why should I thus allegate? he is of
noble fame, PEELE (1599) III. 68, ed. 1829. A by-form of
allege, to -adduce, to bring forward, formed from the ppl.
stem of Lat. allegare.]
ALLEGATION, sb. Ldd. A dispute, quarrel.
Ldd. The country people would say ' No more of your alligations'
(S.A.B.).
ALLEGOGER, vb. Ess.
Ess. Allegoger, to go out to a ship to sell provisions, Ess. Arch.
Soc. (1863) II. 183. [Failed to obtain further information about
the word. ]
ALLEKAY, sb. Sc. ? Obs. Also written allakey,
allekay, alikay. The bridegroom's man, he who attends
on the bridegroom, or is employed as his precursor, at a
wedding (JAM.).
Sc. The bridegroom appoints two male attendants, termed ex qfficio
allekeys, Edb. Mag. (Nov. 1818) 412 GAM.) ; On Friday next a bridal
stands At the kirktown : I trow we'll hae a merry day, And I'm to
be the alikay, The Farmer's Ha., st. 51, 53 (JAM.). Frf.
[Prob. the same word as OFr. alacay, a term applied to
crossbow-men in the isth cent. See DUCANGE (s. v.
Lacinones). Hence Fr. laquais, a valet, a body-servant, a
lacquey. See LITTRE (s.v.).]
ALLELUIA, or ALLELUIA PLANT, sb. [aelilu'ya.]
(i) Genista iinctoria (Shr.) ; (2) Oxalis acetosella (Dor.).
Shr.1 Alleluia, Genista tinctoria, dyer's green-wood. Dor. Wood-
sorrel at Whitchurch is Alleluia Plant, Samm Dioc. Gas. (Jan.
1891) I4;(G.E.D.).
VOL. I.
[Allelujah, the herb wood-sorrel, or French sorrel,
BAILEY (1755) ; Allelujah, wood-sorrel, Oxys, COLES (1679).
Fr. alleluia, plante de lafamille des Oxalide'es, qui fleurit au
temps pascal, HATZFELD. The plant was so called because
it blossoms between Easter and Whitsuntide, when in
the Catholic Liturgy psalms ending with 'alleluia' were
sung in the churches. The plant bears the same name
in G. (SANDERS), Fr. (LITTRE), It. (FLORIO), Sp. aleluya
(BARCIA). From MLat. alleluia, the 'Hallelujah' season.
Heb. hallelu-jah, i.e. praise ye Jah (or Jehovah).]
ALLEMAND, v. Obs. Ayr. To conduct in a formal
and courtly style.
Ayr. He presented her his hand and allemanded her along in
a manner that should not have been seen in any street out of
a king's court, GALT Annals (1821) 308.
[A vb. formed from Allemande, a name given to various
German dances. These outlandish heathen allemandes,
SHERIDAN Rivals, in. iv. 130. Fr. allemande, (i) Air lent
a quatre temps, (2) Danse a deux temps d"un mouvetnent vif
(HATZFELD). Allemand, a native of Germany ; Lat. Ala-
mantms.]
ALLEMASH-DAY, sb. Obs. Ken. See below.
Ken.1 Allemash-day, the day on which Canterbury silk-weavers
began to work by candlelight. This word is certainly obsolete
now [1895] (P.M.); GROSE (1790).
[GROSE (1790) suggests that allemash repr. Fr. allumage,
a lighting ; from allumer, to light, set on fire.]
ALLEN, see Old-land.
ALLER, ALLER-TREE, sb.1 Widely diffused through-
out the dialects. Also written ellar Cum.1 ; eller s.Sc. HAM.)
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Dur.1 n.Yks.18 ne.Yks.1 w.Yks.15 n.Lan.1
ne.Lan.1 Sus.1; owler w.Yks.12345 ne.Lan.1 e.Lan^Chs.12
s.Chs.1 Der.2 nw.Der.1 n.Lin.1 Shr.1 Hrf.1 ; owlder w.Yks.2 ;
oiler Nhb.1 Wor. ; ollern Shr.1; olerChs.1 [e-la(r), o'la(r).]
1. The alder, Alnus glutinosa.
Bwk. He used no coals, but a few green allers, HENDERSON Pop.
Rhymes (1856) 8. N.Cy.1 Aller, the alder-tree. Nhb. Beneath the
allers, darktin', Coquet Dale Sngs. (1852) 120; Nhb.1 w.Yks. Yon's
an owler-tree, doon by t'beck (F.P.T.). Lan. Th' poke wur . . .
i'th' tip top un o' hee owler-tree, BUTTERWORTH Sequel (1819) 13 ;
My foot is on my native heath once more, barring that there are
two inches of solid owler intervening betwixt the two, BRIERLEY
Marlocks (1867) 6; There is an old rhyme which mentions
peculiar boughs for various tempers, as an owler [alder] for a
scolder, HARLAND & WILKINSON Flk-Lore (1867) 238 ; Aw could
mak one eawt of a lump o' owler any day, BRIERLEY Irkdalc
(1865) xiii. Chs. As dreesome as Bostock's drumbo that th' owlers,
meetin' across, made dark at noonday, CROSTON Enoch Crump
(1887) 12 ; Chs.1 Der. Roland . . . clutched at a friendly oler-tree,
VERNEY Stone Edge (i868~> v. Shr.1 There is a place near Wem
called ' The Owlers.' Dor.1 By black rin'd allers An' weedy shallers,
140. w.Som.1, Dev.1, nw.Dev.1
2. The soles of clogs ; so called from being made of alder-
wood.
Nhb.1 He has on a pair o' new allers. Lan. I'd some'at to do to
bant him, but I leet him taste o' mi owler, now and then, WAUGH
Chim. Corner, Manch. Critic (Aug. 14, 1874) ; Lan.1 Owler [is] used
metaphorically as a synonym for clogs. He up wi' his foot an' gan
him some owler, i.e. kicked him.
3. Comp. (a) Black-aller, (i) the buckthorn, Rhamnus
frangula, (2) the alder, Alnus glutinosa ; Whit-aller, the
common elder, Sambucus nigra.
(i) I.W. Black-alder, a translation of the old Lat. name,^/««s nigra.
w.Som.1 Black-aller. Often so called to distinguish it from the
whit-aller or elder. nw.Dev.1 Cor. Black-aller, Rhamnus frangula
(berry-bearing alder). (2) w-Som.1 The common alder is occa-
sionally called the Black-aller. Whit-aller, the elder.
(b) (i) Aller-bed, see below ; (2) -bur, a knot or knob
in the alder-tree ; (3) -bury, see below ; (4) -float, a kind
of trout ; (5) -grove, (6) -trout, see below.
(i) nw.Dev.1 Aller-bed, a marshy place where alders grow.
(2) Nhb.1 Aller-burs, or knots, the turner makes into snuff-boxes.
(3) Dev. Aller-bury, a plantation of alders, Monthly Mag. (1808)
II. 421. (4) N.Cy.1 Aller-float, species of trout frequenting deep
holes of shady brooks under the roots of the aller. (5) w.Som.1
Aller-grove, a marshy place where alders grow ; an alder thicket.
The term always implies marsh, or wet land. ' U rig'lur aulur
groav' would mean a place too boggy to ride through. (6) Nhb.1
ALLER
[42]
ALL-HALLOWS
Aller-troot, the small brandling trout or ' skegger,' called from their
habit of haunting the roots of alder-trees that grow by the side of
the stream. OLIVER Fly-Fishing (1834) 17.
[The alter, oiler, owler forms repr. OE. alor, the alder.
Ellar (eller) repr. ON. 6'lr (elri-) ; cp. OHG. elira, erila
(mod. eller, erle). Aulne, an aller or alder-tree, COTGR. ;
Judas he iaped with luwen siluer And sithen on an eller
honged hym after, P. Plowman (B.) i. 68.]
ALLER, sb.2 Dev. [o'la(r).] A boil, carbuncle,
whitlow.
Dev. Aller, a pin-swill, a whitloe, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
n.Dev. Suke died . . . A-cause her aller wanted letting, ROCK Jim
an' Nell (1867) 31. Dev.1 Aller, an acute kind of boil or carbuncle,
so called from the leaves of the aller being employed as a remedy.
[Etym. unknown ; but see word below.]
ALLERNBATCH, sb. Som. Dev. jWlanbEetf.] A
boil, a botch or old sore.
w.Som.1 Allernbatch, a boil or carbuncle. Pinswill is the com-
moner term. n.Dev. Dame, 'e've a-tiched a allernbatch, ROCK Jim
an' Nell (1867) 23 ; Ner the allernbatch that tha had'st in thy
niddick, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 24 ; Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 421 ;
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (M.) Dev.1, nw.Dev.1
[The relation between this word and aller (a boil) is un-
certain. It may be a comp. of aller, or aller may be a
shortened form of allern-batch, with latter element sup-
pressed.]
ALLEY, s*.1 Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Lin. Lei.
Nhp. War. Shr. Ess. Ken. Som. Dev. [a'li, ae'li.]
1. The aisle of a church.
Cum. Oh how my heart would lowp for joy To lead her up the
ally, RELPH Misc. Poems (1747) 76. Wm. When she . . . woked up
t'ally, first yan, an then anudther glooard at her, CLARKE Spec. Dial.
(ed. 1877) Pl- i- J9- w.Yks.1 Wid getten hauf way daan t'middle
alley, when Billy turned back, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann.
(1853) 35. ne.Lan.1 nXin.1 A woman from Kirton-in-Lindsey in-
formed the author that she never heard the passages between the
pews in churches called anything but alleys, until the Puseyites
began to make people particular about 'them soort of things.'
The north aisle of the choir of Lincoln Minster was formerly called
the chanters' alley. Lei.1 Alley, a gangway in a church. The
various alleys are distinguished as 'side-alley,' 'middle alley,'
'cross-alley,' &c. Nhp.1 War.3 Work about y» door & alles,
SI. 155. $d., Aston Ch. Ace. (1714). Som. We poor voke be alwiz
foc'd to zit in the alley, PULMAN Sketches (1842) 76, ed. 1871 ;
w.Som.1 Miss F. said her seat [in church] was on the left side of
the middle alley. Dev. 1713 pd for stones to mend y° allier is.,
E. Budleigh Chwdn. Ace. (T.N.B.)
2. A pathway down the middle of a large room (as in a
factory between the rows of machines).
w.Yks. A passage past the ends of looms in a weaving-shed is
known as ' t'broad alley ' (J.R.) ; Alley, a central or main roadway
in a room, usually down the middle of it (F.R.).
3. A pathway in a garden between flower-beds, or
between the rows of hop-bines in a Kentish hop-garden.
Shr.1 Yo' can play i' the gardin if yo'n mind to keep on the alley,
cause yore faither's dug the ground. Ess. Sawe dust spred thick
makes alley trick [neat, tidy], TUSSER Husbandrie (1580) 33, st. 35.
Ken. (i) The space between two rows of hop-hills. (2) By associa-
tion of ideas, also a row of hop-hills, e.g. the Lew-alley is the
outside row planted rather closer together to serve as a ' lew ' to
the garden (P.M.).
Hence Alley-budge, -wagon.
Ken. Alley-budge, or Alley-wagon, a kind of barrow on four
wheels for conveying and distributing manure into a hop garden,
constructed in such a manner as to pass up the alleys between the
hills, when the bines are grown (P.M.).
4. See below.
,,C'?s'';.The gangway between two rows of cows, which in very
old-fashioned shippons stand tail to tail. War. (J R W )
5. Fig. A way, means, device.
Der. Polks knows as thou'lt be for t'parish, and t'poor folk, and
none o these crooked alleys for raisin' t'wind, so thee go in, Wkly.
feleg. (Dec. 22, 1894) 12, col. i
.It* Tretheadu anu timbers of §reat Part °f the north
Y I f m £hr^ch Was broke 'n' pM- T™™. (1731)
XLI 229 (N.E.D.). 3. An alley in a garden, HybetKra
subduhs, ambulatio COLES (1679); Thlse dosVr alleys
must be ever finely gravelled/ BACON Essay (Garden)
I am the flour of the feeld and the lilie of aleyes, WYCLIK
Sng. Sol. (1382) ii. i. 5. The same fig. sense is found
in Fr. : Apres bien ties alle'es et des venues on est tombe
d'accord, HATZFELD. Fr. alle'e, a passage, ppl. sb. of aller,
to go.]
ALLEY, sb.2 n.Cy. Dur. Wm. Yks. Nhp. [a'li.] A
limit or ' ring ' in games (see below) ; the line marking the
goal in a game of football ; the conclusion of the game
itself when the ball has passed the boundary.
N.Cy.1 Alley, end of a game at football. Dur.1 At the end of the
game of football, shinny, &c. , the ball must pass a certain line or
mark, which is called the alley. Wm.1 The circle marked on the
ground in games of marbles is called an alley ; so also, in burn-ball,
the circle or space in which the ' pitcher ' stands. Put thi marbles
in t' t'alley. w.Yks.1 Nhp.1 The space between the two stones
which mark the goal in the game of football.
Comp. Alley-mouth.
Lan.iElly-mouth, a bound orgoal in thegame of football. ne.Lan.1
[A special meaning of Alley, sb.1]
ALLEY, sb.3 Cor. [ae'li.] Local name for the Alii
shad, Alosa vulgaris.
Cor.1 Alley, theallis-shad ; from its bony nature sometimes locally
called chuck-childern ; Cor.2
[A form of allice (or allis), also allowes. Fr. alose, Lat.
alausa, a kind offish, the same as Clupea.]
ALL-FIRED, adj. and adv. Brks. Amer.
1. adj. Enormous, excessive.
[Amer. A low expression ; probably a puritanical corruption of
hell-fired, designed to have the virtue of an oath without offending
polite ears. The doctor will charge an all-fired price to cure me,
BARTLETT.] Colloq. ' Look at that 'ere Dives,' they say, ' what an
all-fired scrape he got into by his avarice with Lazarus,' HALIBURTON
Clockmaker (1835) ist S. xxiv ; You've been an all-fired time . . .
in selling those jars, PAYN Thicker than Water(iS&^) xvii (FARMER).
2. adv. Exceedingly, intensely.
Brks. ' I be so all-fired jealous I can't abear to hear o' her talkin'
to — ' ... To me, you were going to say,' HUGHES T. Brown Oxf.
(1861) xl.
Hence All-flredly, adv. Enormously.
Amer. Rum does everything that is bad ; wonder if it is rum
that makes potatoes rot so all-firedly, BARTLETT.
ALL-GOOD, sb. Hmp. [§'l-gud.] Plant-name for
Chenopodium Bonus- Henricus.
Hmp.1
[All-good, herb Mercury, Good Henry, COLES (1677) ;
Algood groweth . . . about waves, and pathes, and by
hedges, LYTE Dodoens, 560 ; Bon-Henry, the herb, Good
Henry, Good King Harry, and All-good, COTGR.]
ALL-HALLOW(S, sb. Cum. Lan. War. Shr. Hrt. Hmp.
Also written Alhalon, Alhollan, All-hollan, All-hollands.
[9'1-alaz, 5'1-alan.]
1. All Saints. The festival of All Saints.
ne-Lan.1 All Saints' day (Nov. i). War. (J.R.W.)
2. In comp. (i) -cakes, a special kind of cake made at
All-hallowtide ; (2) -day, All Saints' day, the first of
November ; (3) -eve, the eve of All Saints, see Hallow-
e'en ; (4) -tide, the season of the festival of All Saints.
(i) s.Hmp. In some places plum cakes are made on this day,
and for some weeks afterwards, which are called All-holland
cakes, HOLLOWAY. Hmp.1 All-holland cakes, cakes cried about
on All Saints' day. (2) Hrt. Allhollandy, ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750)
VI. ii. 40. Hmp. All-hollands' day, HOLLOWAY. (3) Cum. Aw-
hallow-even, All Saints' eve, Gl. (1851). (4) Shr.1 Alhalontid,
obs. Hrt. All-hallows-tide, ELLIS Mod. Husb. (1750) VI. ii. 40.
[All-hallow, -s, repr. All + hallow (later hallows), prop._pl.
forms of an adj. ME. halwe, OE. halga, wk. form ofhalig
(whence holy), (a) The OE. pi. hctigan passed througji
the forms_halwen, halowen, halowe, halowes. (b) The OE.
gen. pi. halgena (with dceg, fid) became halwene, hallowen,
hallown, hallon, holland. 1. (a) All-hallowtide, the term
near All-Saints, BAILEY (1755) ; Toussaincts(la Toussaincts) ;
All- Saints day, All-hallow day, COTGR. ; Betwixt Alhallow-
tide and Christmas, MASCALL Plant. 16. 2. (a) Displeasant
to god and to all hallowes, MORE Heresyes, II. 196 (N.E.D.).
(b) Alhollantide, the first day of November, BAILEY (1721) ;
Lincoln is kept in close imprisonment from All-hollantidc
till the end of Christmas, HACKET Life of Williams, II. 131
„
ALL-HEAL
[43 1
ALLOW
(DAV.I; Farewell, All-hallown summer! SHAKS. i Hen.
IV, i. ii. 178 ; Alhalowen tyde, la tous sainctz, PALSGR. ;
Of j>at tyme for to an-oj>er tyme of halowene, Eng. Gilds,
ALL-HEAL, sb. [6'1-ial, 9'1-il.] (i) Pnmella vitlgaris
(n.Yks. w.Chs.); (2) 1/iscum album (Sc.). So called from
their supposed medicinal value.
Chs.1. Chs.2 Pi-mulla viilgaris has several provincial names re-
ferring to its real or supposed healing qualities.
[(i) Priint'lla, the herb Self-heal, COLES (1679) ; Oing-
tereule, Self-heal, Hook-heal, Sicklewort, Brunei, Prunel,
Carpenters herb, COTGR. (2) They call it (Mistletoe)
in their language All-heale, HOLLAND Pliny, I. 497.
Also in the Herbals as follows :— All-heal, or Clown's
All-heal, Panax coloni, HILL Herbal (1812) ; All-heal,
Panax, JOHNSON ; All-heal, Panax, COLES (1679) ; Clownes
Woundwoort, or Alheale, GERARD Herbal, 851.]
ALLICA, see Alegar.
ALLICOMGREENYIE, sb. Gall. A game played by
girls at country schools, similar to ' Drop-handkerchief*
in England.
Gall. They form into a circle ; one goes round on the outside
with a cap, saying — ' I got a letter from my love, And by the way
I drop'd it, I drop'd it.' She drops the cap behind one of the
party, who runs out and in and across the circle as quickly as
possible. If the follower breaks the course, she fails. Then the
one caught, or the one who fails, stands in the circle, and the other
goes round as before (JAM. Suf>pl.~}.
ALLICOMPAIN, see Elecampane.
ALLIGATOR'S BACK, sb. Glo. Som. A serrated
ridge of tiles.
Glo., Som. The house is built with a roof sloping two ways,
and surmounted by an ornamental erection known in the building
trade as an ' alligator's back "... which runs the whole length of
the roof, Bristol Times and Mirror (Apr. 26, 1889) 5, col. 6;
The three or four instances in which I have met with the word
all belonged to the Bristol district (G.E.D.).
ALLIGOSHEE, sb. War. Shr. Glo. Also written allee-
go-shee Glo. [aligo-Ji.] A game in which children link
arms and skip backwards and forwards, singing verses as
given below.
War. All-i-go-shee, alligoshee, Turn the bridle over my knee,
GOMME Trad. Games (1894) I. 7. Shr. Betsy Blue came all in
black, Silver buttons down her back. Every button cost a crown,
Every lady turn around. Alligoshi, alligoshee, Turn the bridle
over my knee, BURNE Flk-Lore (1883) 523. Glo. Barbara, Barbara,
dressed in black, Silver buttons all up your back. Allee-go-shee,
allee-go-shee, Turn the bridle over me, GOMME Trad. Games
'iSg^ I. 7.
ALLIMENT, see Element.
ALLISTER, adj. Obs. Rxb. (JAM.) Sane, in full
possession of one's mental faculties.
Rxb. He's no allister, he is not in his right mind.
[Alastair is Gaelic Alexander. If from the personal
name, I should think it would be, ' he's no the Allister' ;
cf. ' he's no the Sandy ' or ' the Sam.' I do not know the
word (G.W.).]
ALLONGE, adv. Obs. Sc. Som. Also written all
anys (JAM.). Together.
Sc. All anys, together ; in a state of union (JAM.). Som. Let's go
allonce, JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825).
[All + once. ME. ones, anes, enes, formed from ene, OE.
aene (once), with -s advb. gen. suff.]
ALL ONLY, adv. n.Yks. [q-lianli.]
n.Yks.2 Alleeanly, or Allonely, solely, or without exception.
[I sey not this al-only for these men, CHAUCER Tr. fi-»
Cr. v. 1779: Out-take Richesse al-only, ./?. Rose, 5819.
All + onto (OE.anltc).]
ALLOT, v. Obsol. Nrf. Suf. Amer. To anticipate, look
forward to, intend. Gen. constr. used with on or upon.
In pass, to be pleased.
Nrf. I am allotted [glad or pleased] to see you. So, 1 am told by
a man of 75, used to speak his grandmother and other old folk
(F.H.). Suf. I allot on seeing him [shall have pleasure in, &c.,
count on seeing him] (F.H.). [Amer. I allot upon going to Boston.
Used by uneducated people in the interior of New England,
BARTLETT.]
ALL OUT, ac/v.1 Sc. Irel. Yks. Lan. Not. Lin. Nhp. Aus.
1. Completely, altogether, fully.
Sc. All out, in a great degree, beyond comparison (JAM.). Ir.
He's now in his grave, and thank God, it's he that had the dacent
funeral all out, CARLETON Traits Peas. (1843) II. 102; Glory be
to God ! but thaf s wonderful all out, ib. I. 2 ; Not far from sixty
[years of age], if he was not sixty all out (G.M.H.X w.Ir. I'm
not sich a gommoch all out as that, LOVER Leg. (1848) I. 164.
n.Yks.1 Yon's t'best, Joss. — Ay, all out. w.Yks.3 It is almost,
if not all out, as bad as thieving. s.Lan. They'r dun oleawt,
BAMFORD Dial. (1850) 208, ed. 1854. Not.1 sw.Lin.1 She's very
gain on five, if not five all out. Your Bill's nearly killed, if not all
out. Nhp.1 It's not all out as good as I expected. [Aus., N.S.W.
Now she was nineteen all out, and a fine girl she'd grown, BOLDRE-
WOOD Robbery (1888*1 I. xv. ] Slang. All out the best, FARMER.
[So are we to take notice of the good (gifts), though not
all out so perfect as St. James advisetn us, ANDREWES
Serm. xcvi. (1628) 749 ; Fowling is more troublesome but
all out as delightsome to some sorts of men, BURTON
Anat. Mel. (1621) II. ii. 4, ed. 1836. ME. Whan he had
doon his wil al-out, R. Rose, 2101 ; Now have I ... declared
al-out, ib. 2935. Af/+out.]
ALL OUT, adv.* and sb. Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel.
and Eng.
1. adv. Mistaken.
Bnff.1 For ass diver's he iz he's a'-oot in that opingin. Slang.
All out, to be in error ; quite wrong, FARMER.
2. Too late.
Bnff.1 Y're a'-oot, man, the meetin's a' our.
3. Disappointed.
Bnff.1 Fin he saw it he wiz a'-oot [or oot], he geedintillan unco (list.
4. Finished, used up.
w.Som.1 Plai-z-r dhu suydur-z au-1 aewt [please, sir, the cider is
all finished, i.e. the cask is empty]. Dhu woets bee au1! aewt
[the oats are all finished].
5. sb. Interval for play, as in phr. all-out time.
w.Yks. All-out, time for recreation, play time (J.T.) ; All-aat-time,
playtime at school, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (May 9, 1891).
ALL-OVER, adv. Wm. Yks. Lin.
1. Over the whole body, in every part, completely.
Wm. Thoo's fair o-ower, my luv, RICHARDSON S«^. Sol. (1859
iv. 7. e.Yks.1 He's his fayther bayn all-ower.
2. Everywhere.
n.Yks. (I.W.) n-Lin.1 Taaties hes faail'd oil oher to year.
[1. He is all-over mistaken, BENTLEY Phalaris (1699) 130.
2. A south-west blow on ye And blister you all o'er !
SHAKS. Temp. \. ii. 324. Cp. ME. ouer-al (in P. Plowman),
ouer alle (in Cath. Angl.), everywhere, passim.}
ALL-OVERISH, adj. Lan. Der. Lin. War. Brks. Som.
Cor.
1. Slightly out of sorts, but with no particular ailment.
ne.Lan.1 All-overish, neither sick nor well. Der.a War. All-
overish, queer-like (J.R.W.). w.Som.1
2. Nervous, with a sense of apprehension.
n.Lin.1 Brks.1 All-overish, feelingconfusedorabashed. Cor.There's
a kind o'what-I-can't-tell-'ee about dead men that's very enticin',tho'
it do make you feel all-overish, ' Q.' Three Ships (1890) iii. Colloq.
When the mob began to gather round I felt all-overish, MAYHEW
Land. Labour (1864) III. 52; The elder of the brothers gave a squeal,
All-overish it made me for to feel, GILBERT Bab Ballads (1869) 184 ;
All-overish, an indefinite feeling which pervades the body at critical
periods, when sickening for an illness, or at a moment of supreme
excitement, FARMER.
[All-over, q.v. + -ish. The suffix doubtless suggested by
' feverish.']
ALLOW, v. Irel. Glo. Ess. Ken. Sus. Hmp. I.W.
Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Amer. [alau1, aletr.]
1. To suppose, consider, be of opinion.
Glo. I 'low as 'tis time mother wur a-got downstairs, BUCKMAN
Darke's Sojourn (1890) xi. Ken.1 He's allowed to be the biggest
rogue in Faversham. Sus. She cry'd an 'lowd tud braak ur hert,
LOWER Tom Cladpole (1831) st. 18. Hmp. If you ask a peasant
how far it is to any place, his answer nearly invariably is ;I allow
it to be so far,' WISE New Forest (1883) 280; Hmp.1 I.W. She doos
well enough Zundays and high-days, . . . but I 'lows she's most
too high vur work-a-days, MAXWELL GRAY Annesley (1889) I. 164.
se.Dor. (C. W. ') w.Som.1 1 do low eens there's dree score o' taties in
thick there splat. Uw muuch d-ee-Iuw dhik dhae'ur rik u haay?
G 2
ALLOW
[44]
ALLY
[how much do you consider that rick of hay ? i. e. how much it con-
tains]. Dev. I do not allow myself to reckon like you [I do not suppose
myself capable of calculating as quickly as you can], Reports Provinc.
(1877) 127. Cor. Paul an' me allowed to each other that we'd set
up in fine style at Kit's House, ' Q.' Troy Town (1888) iv. [Amer.
The lady of the cabin seemed kind, and allowed we had better stop
where we were, BARTLETT. U.S. Some thought Barnes must've
swallowed a tadpole, . . . while others allowed that may be he'd
accidentally eaten frogs' eggs some time and they'd hatched out,
MAX ADELER Elbow Room (1876) v.]
2. To advise.
Uls. N. & Q. (1874) sth S. i. 245 ; I allow her to come (M.B.-S.).
Cav. I don't allow you to sell your pig at a loss to yourself (M.S. M.).
N.I.1 Doctor! A wouldn't allow you to be takin' off that blister yet.
Ess. This point I allow For servant and cow, TUSSER Husbandrie
(1580) 74, st. 30. w.Som.1 I d'allowee vorto put thick there field
in to rape, arter you've a-clain un, and then zeed-n out.
[1. The Self-Tormentor of Terence's, which is allowed
a most excellent comedy, Spect. No. 512 ; The principles
which all mankind allow for true are innate, LOCKE
(JOHNSON) ; To alowe, to declare to be true, approbo,
BARET. 2. The sense of ' advise ' is developed from the
old meaning once common — 'to approve of, sanction.'
Truly ye bear witness that ye allow the deeds of your
fathers, BIBLE Luke xi. 48. OFr. alouer, to praise, com-
mend ; Lat. allaudare.]
ALLOW, int. n.Yks. Brks. A cry used in setting dogs
on to the chase.
n.Yks. (I.W.) Brks.1 Allow, allow! thus shouted twice to a dog
to incite him to chase anything.
[From allow, vb., in the sense of ' to sanction.' The cry
means ' We allow (the chase) ! ']
ALLOWANCE, sb. Sc. Irel. Yks. Wor.
1. Permission.
N.I.1 There's no allowance for people in here.
2. A limited portion of food or drink allowed to work-
men between meals.
Yks. He was going homewards as soon as he had finished his
'lowance, FLETCHER Wapentake (1895) 190. ne.Wor. When are
you goin' to have your 'lowance ? (J.W.P.)
3. Phr. at no allowance, at pleasure, unsparingly, un-
mercifully.
Edb. Vagrants in buckram and limmers in silk, parading away at
no allowance, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) vii. Slang. I found
Dawes junior pegging into Dawes senior no allowance, and him
crying blue murder, READE Jack of all Trades (1858) i.
[1. Permission, a permission, leave, licence, allowance,
COTGR. 2. His allowance was a continual allowance given
him of the king, a daily rate for every day, BIBLE 2 Kings
xxv. 30. Hence phr. ' at no allowance,' without limitation.
His people pluck him at no allowance, CARLYLE Fred. Gt.
III. vin. v. 42. Fr. alouance, allowance (PALSGR.), deriv. of
OFr. alouer, see Allow, v.]
ALLOWED, ppl. adj. Som. [aleu'd.] Licensed.
w.Som.1 Dhik-ee aewz waud-n nuvur ulaewd [that house was
never licensed].
[There is no slander in an allow'd fool, though he do
nothing but rail, SHAKS. Twelfth Nt. i. v. 101 ; An allowed
cart or chariot, HOLLYBAND. Allowed, pp. of allow (vb.),
ALLS, sb. pi. Dur. w.Yks. n.Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Wor
Also written awls Dur.1; nails s.Wor.1 se.Wor.1 folz
ealz.] Belongings, goods and chattels, especially work-
men's tools.
Dnr. !' To pack up his awls' is spoken of a person departing in haste
w.Yks.s Pack up thee awals an' tramp. n-Lin.1 ' Pack up your alls
and slot off is a common form of dismissal, used by masters to work-
men. Lei.1 Alls, a workman's tools and appliances : often used for
personal luggage generally. Nhp.1, War.2, s.Wor.1 se.Wor1 'Pick
up your nails and cut' is a form of ordering an objectionable person
to leave.
[It is doubtful whether alls in the phrase ' pack up your
alls is all used as a sb. in pi., or whether it repr .awls
Perhaps orig. the phrase contained the word awls which
was changed by a humorous pun to alls. So N E.D
bid me
ALLS, see Aries.
ALLS-, see Halse-.
ALL TO PIECES, adv. phr> Der. Wor. Amer. Aus.
Thoroughly, altogether.
Der.2 He ca'd me a' to pieces. s.Wor. It's too hot all to pieces,
PORSON Quaint Wds. (1875) 29. [Amer. I beat him last night at
pokerall topieces, BARTLETT. Aus., N.S.W.If we fell offhe stopped
still and began to feed, so that he suited us all to pieces, BOLDRE
WOOD Robbery (1888) I. i.]
[We'll bend it to our awe, Or break it all to pieces,
SHAKS. Hen. V, i. ii. 225 ; I bid thy master cut out the
gown ; but I did not bid him cut it to pieces, ib. T. Shrew,
iv. iii. 129.]
ALL TO PIECES, adv. phr? Nhp. Som. Broken
down in health or finances ; exhausted, collapsed.
Nhp.1 A person who has failed, or been sold up, or in a state of
bankruptcy, is said to be all to pieces. w.Som.1 Poo-ur oa'l blid,
ee-z au'l tiie pees'ez wai dhu riie'maat'iks [poor old blood, he is
quite done up with the rheumatism]. Aew-z dh-oa-1 au's ? — Oa !
au'l tiie pees'ez [How is the old horse ? — Oh ! quite knocked up],
Colloq. Fifty thousand pounds . . . won't come before it's all
wanted ; for they say he is all to pieces, AUSTEN Sense and Sensi-
bility (181 1) xxx. Slang. The Oxford men were now all to pieces ;
their boat was full of water, Echo (Apr. 7, 1884) 3, col. i.
ALLUM, see Aum.
ALL-UTTERLY, adv. Obs. Sc. (JAM.) Also written
alluterlie, alluterly. Wholly, completely.
[So whan she saw al-utterly That he wolde hirof trouthe
faile, CHAUCER Hous F. 296. All (ME. al) + utterly.}
ALL- WORKS, sb. Ken. A man employed on a farm
to do odd jobs. Used adjectivally, of horses : doing odd
jobs, not in the regular team.
Ken. Yes ! he's the all-works on our farm. Tell All-works
it's his place to do that (D.W.L.); The horses not sufficient in
number to make up a team are called the odd or all-works horses,
and are looked after by the odd man, oddie, or all-works (P.M.) ;
Ken.1 ; Ken.2 An ' all-works ' is the lowest servant in the house,
and is not hired for the plough or the wagon particularly, as the
other servants are, but to be set about anything.
[With this word cp. the common phr. ' a maid-of-all-
work.' The comp. is formed in the same way as ' Great-
heart,' and many of the names in BUNYAN P. P., in which
the name of the quality or characteristic (consisting of
adj. + sb.) designates the possessor of the same, the stress
always being on the former element of the comp.]
ALLY, sb. Nhb. Wm. Dur. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf.
Der. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. Wor. Shr. Oxf. Brks. e. An. Sus.
Hmp. Som. Cor. Also written alley N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Dur.1
Wm.1 e. Yks.1 w.Yks.245 Stf.2 nw.Der.1 Lei} Nhp.1 Shr.12
Oxf.1 Brks.1 e.An.1 Hmp.1 w.Som.1 Cor.2; alNhp.1; olley
Chs.1 [a-li, se'li.]
1. A boy's marble made of alabaster, fine white stone,
marble, or glass. See below.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Dur.1, Wm.1 w.Yks. Real marbles, i. e. globes
made of marble, not clay. Also those moulded from china clay.
The latter, often covered with small circles, were sometimes called
bull's-eyes or bullies (J.T.); w.Yks.2, e.Lan.1 Chs.1 When streaked
with red, it is called a blood-alley. Stf.2 Lei.1 A marble made
either of white marble or alabaster. If streaked with red veins
it is called a blood-alley, if not so marked, a white alley. Nhp.1
Al, or Alley, used by boys for shooting at the ring ; deriving its
name from the term alabaster, as erroneously applied to the
varieties of carbonate of lime which constitute marble, instead of
restricting it to sulphate of lime or gypsum. These marbles are
generally. denominated white als, or alleys, but when they exhibit
any of the red veins they are called blood-alleys, and are doubly
prized by the possessor. se.Wor.1, Shr.12, Oxf.' MS. arfrf. , Brks.1,
e.An.1, Hmp.1 w.Som.1 A boy's marble, generally valued at from
five to ten common marbles according to its quality. Cor. Bright
blue et was, suthin' the colour of a hedgy-sparrer's egg, an' shiny-
clear like a glass-alley, ' Q.' Troy Town ^1888) xi ; Cor.2 [Amer.
Alley, an ornamental marble, used by boys for shooting in the ring,
&c. , BARTLETT.]
2. Hence Ally, v.
e.Yks.1 To place the marble in the hole in a game of marbles,
and thus score a point against an opponent
3. Comp. Ally-taw.
ne.Yks.1 Ally taw, playing marble, as distinguished from
' steeanies ' and ' potties,' i. e. stone or baked clay marbles. sXan.
ALLYCOMPALY
[45]
ALONE
lley-taw, a large or' shooting-marble' (T.R.C.). Brks.His small
private box was full of peg-tops, white marbles (called' alley-taws'
in the Vale) . . . and other miscellaneous boy's wealth, HUGHES
T. Bmwn (1856) iii. Colloq. Inquiring whether he had won any
alley-tors or commoneys lately, DICKENS Pickwick (1837) 281,
ed. 1847.
(The word occurs in DE FOE'S Duncan Campbell; see
N.E.D. Ally, a dim. of alabaster.}
ALLYCOMPALY, see Elecampane.
ALLY -LONG-LEGS, sb. Stf. The ' Daddy-long-legs,'
or crane-fly.
stf.2
ALMANAC-MAN, sb. n. Lin.
n.Lin.1 Almanac-man, the surveyor of the Court of Sewers, so
called because he sends notices to the dwellers near the Trent of
the times when high tides may be expected.
ALMANIE-WHISTLE, sb. Obs. Abd. A flageolet of
a very small size used by children QAM.).
[Almanie repr. ME.Almaine, OFr.Alemaigne, Germany.
In the i6th and i7th cents, almani was in common use
for a kind of dance-music in slow time, introduced from
Germany.]
ALMERY, see Ambry.
ALMOND, sb. Glo. A gland of the ear or throat.
Glo.1 The almonds of my ears came down. Colloq. Almonds :
this term is applied popularly to the exterior glands of the neck
and to the tonsils, HOBLYN Diet. Med. Terms (and ed. 1844).
[Almonds of the throat are a glandulous substance, re-
presenting two kernels placed on each side of the uvula,
at the root of the tongue, KERSEY ; The almonds of the
ears, Glandulae, COLES (1679).]
ALMOND-FURNACE, sb. Obs. Cdg. A furnace used
by silver-refiners, in which the refuse of litharge is re-
duced to lead by being heated with charcoal.
Cdg. Almond furnace, in which they melt the slags or refuse of
the litharge (not stamped) with charcoale only, RAY (1691) ; (K.)
[Alman, or almond furnace, a furnace used by refiners,
and called a sweep, for separating all sorts of metals from
cinders, &c., BAILEY (1721). Alman or almond repr.
OFr. aleman (mod. allemand), i. e. German.]
ALMOND-NUT, sb. Cor. An almond.
Cor. I've got ferrings and sweetmeats anow. . . . Dest a like
men [them] with ame-nuts or zeeds best inside ? J. TRENOODLE
Specimens (1846) 28; Cor.12
ALMOUS, sb. In gen. use in Sc. Irel. and n. counties
to Lan. and Lin. FAIso Sus. Dev. Also written almisse,
almose n.Yks.1; alomes Wxf.1; aamas Cum.2 n.Lan.1;
aamus Nhb.1; aumas m.Yks.1 w.Yks.5 n.Lan.1; aumous
Lin.1; aumus n.Yks.2 w.Yks.1 ne.Lan.1; awmoss w.Yks.4 ;
awmous sw.Lin.1 ; awmus N.Cy.1 Wm.1 n.Yks.12 e.Yks.1 ;
omas Cum.1 ; omus Nhb.1 [a'mas, §-mas.]
1. Money or food bestowed in charity, gifts offered to
a child on its first round of visits.
Sc. Almous, Almows (JAM.) ; The silly friar behoved to fleech,
For aumus as he passes, SCOTT Abbot (1820) xv. Ayr. An extra
neaveful to their wonted weekly almous, GALT Sir Andrew (1822)
iv. Gall. Gaun off like a beggar wi' his awmus on Monday mornin',
CROCKETT Stiekit Mm. (1893) 57. Wxf.1, Nhb.1 Dur. It is still
customary to present a baby with three articles ' for luck ' the first
time it is taken into a neighbour's house. This is termed the
' bairn's awmous,' that is, alms. The articles usually consist of a
piece of bread, a pinch of salt, and an egg, but matches are some-
times substituted for the last, N. & Q. (1878) 5th S. x. 37. Cum.
The gift to a regular beggar was sometimes in money, but more
frequently in victuals. Regular beggars carried bags (pokes)
rolled up in their apron for the accommodation of meal, a handful
of which was always an acceptable awmous (M.P.) ; Cum.1 Omas,
in former times a handful of oatmeal or a slice of barley bread,
and in later times a halfpenny or a penny. Wm. The mendicant
. . . departs with his awmus of meal, GIBSON Leg. and Notes
(1877)17. ne.Yks.1 What awmous a'e ya gotten ? w.Yks. Awmoss,
an alms, THORESBY i«#. (1703) ; w.Yks.1 Hedto a poor neighbour
at com daily to thy door for an aumus ? w.Yks.4 An awmoss.
Lan. Pretty Mrs. Marg'ret . . . hes always yet an awmas for
Bess, ranty an' feckless o' body as she is, THORNBER Penny Stone
(^45) 15; Lan.1 He lives o' aumas. n.Lan.1 The following quatrain
is still remembered by some of the old inhabitants of Furness,
as the usual address of beggars soliciting alms : ' Pity, pity
paamas, Pray give us aamas ; Yan for Peter, two for Paul, Three
for God 'at meead us all.' e.Sus. Almcs, HOLLOWAY. s.Dev.
Omes, alms, Fox Kingsbridgc (1874).
2. A small portion ; a definite quantity.
n.Yks.1 In Cleveland a messenger sent to a shop for a shilling's-
worth of such and such an article, and returning with what
seems to the purchaser a very small proportionate quantity, is
greeted with the remark, 'Why, what an ommus thee has getten ' ;
as if, like alms, it had been sparingly or grudgingly doled out ;
n.Yks.2 I think I've got my aumus, i. e. the number of articles
I bespoke. A dear aumus, very little for the money. e.Yks. A've
coonted this money, and that's thy awmus ; e.Yks.1 Is that all
bacon we're gannin te hev te bray-cast ? what a awmus ! m.Yks.1
There, that's thy aumas ; thou'll get no more. One holding a sack
to be filled will cry out when the sack is full, ' Hold on ! I've gotten
my aumas.' w.Yks. Awmous, a helping (B.K.) ; Awmous, a cart
load, LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) 59. Lin. When a labourer
has been filling a cart with manure, corn, &c. , he will say at last
to the carter or wagoner, ' Haven't ya got your aumous?' (HALL.);
Lin.1 They gave me such an aumous of provender. swXin.1 Oh,
what an awmous ! said ironically of a small gift of corn on St.
Thomas' Day.
8. A meritorious act.
Sc. It wou'd be an aumous to gie him a weel-payed skin (JAM.) ;
Those who leave so good a Kirk, it were but alms to hang them,
Scotland's Glory, &c. (1805) 44 QAM.).
4. In comp. (i) Aumas-dish, a beggar's dish for alms ;
(2) -house, an alms-house ; (3) -loaves, bread distributed
to the poor in church after Divine service ; (4) -woman,
a woman supported by charity.
(i) Ayr. While she held up her greedy gab, Just like an aumos
dish, BURNS Jolly Beggars (1785). (2) w.Yks. Amus-hahses,
BANKS Wkfld. IVds. (1865) ; w.Yks.5 Aumas-houses. (3) n.Yks.2
Aumus-leeaves, charity loaves. (4) w.Yks.5
[Almose, eleemosyna, LEVINS Manip. ; Lefsir,parc/iarite',
Wit sum almous thou help me, Metr. Horn. (Spec. E. E. II.
94) ; God . . . jelde ow for oure almus that je jiven us
here ! P. Plowman (A.) vn. 120 ; Ilk dai man him )>ider bar
For to bide his almus bar, Cursor M. 19052 ; Almus, messe
and bedes, HAMPOLE P. C. 3722 ; An almus doer, elimosi-
narius, Cam. Angl. ; Almesse or almos, elimosina, Prompt.
ON. almusa (also olmusa), an alms, charity, an allowance
to scholars in Icel. grammar-schools ; Rom. alimosina
(whence OFr. almosne, It. limosina). Cp. OE. oelmysse
(-esse), whence lit. E. alms.]
ALODDIN, adj. Cum. Wm. [aio'din.]
1. Not engaged, unemployed, on offer.
Cum. I hard Ritson's lass was aloddin, sooa I went and saw her
an hir't her. Does te see the bonny lass wid a rose in her breast ?
She's aloddin. Richardson is going to build a barn, sooa there
will be lots o' jobs aloddin. Jenkinson has a new-cult cow
aloddin [for sale]. How Hall has been a long time aloddin' [to
let] (J.A.) ; Cum.1 She's still aloddin ; Cum.2, Wm.1
2. Lost, missing.
Cum. They say Thomsons of Brier Holme hev six ewes a-loddin.
[Prob. repr. ON. afldftun, on invitation, still open to an
invitation (to marry). Cogn. with ON lafta, to invite, OE.
laclian, G. laden, to summon.]
ALOGHE, see Alow.
ALONE, adv. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. e.An. [ale'n, alia-n.]
1. Used with pronom. adj.
Cum. As I was walking mine alane, SCOTT Minstrelsy (1802) 120,
ed. 1839.
2. In phr. (i) all-a-living alone, left in a helpless condition
(used of a sick person) ; (2) let alone, to say nothing of,
besides ; (3) let me alone, let him alone, phr. expressive of
superiority or acknowledged excellence.
(i)e.An.2 We have the odd phrase 'all-a-living-alone,' i.e. quite en-
tirely alone, spoken compassionately ofa sickpersonleftimproperly
in a helpless condition. (a)s.Ir. He ate a whole village, let alone the
horse, LOVER Leg. (1848) II. 435. Nhb.1 Thor wis three on them, let
alyen his fethor. Cum.8 I's cum't ofa stock 'at niver wad be freetn't
toshowafeacetilla king, let aleanan oald newdles. (3)Edb.Letme
alane for whilly-whaing an advocate, SCOTT Midlothian (1818) xi.
Ir. Can he swim? — O let him alone for that! He can swim
like a fish (A.S.P.). s.Ir. Ned Sheehy was a good butler, . . . and
as for a groom, let him alone with a horse ; he could dress it, or
ride it, or shoe it, or physic it, CROKER Leg. (1862) 281. Cum.
Let Bobby alone for that, FARRALL Betty Wilson (1886) 7.
ALONG
[46]
ALONGST
[1. I ame myne alane and poore, KING Catech. (N.E.D.)
ME. All him alane the way he tais, BARBOUR Bruce, n.
146 ; Walkyng myn one (v.r. al myn oone), P. Plowman
(A.) ix. 54. ME. at, all + ane (OE. art) ; see Lone. 2. With
the phr. ' let me alone for that ' we may cp. SHAKS. : Let
us alone to guard Corioli, Cor. I. ii. 27 (the phrase im-
plies an ironical prohibition to help a man who is able
to manage the affair himself) ; JOHNSON (s.v. Alone).]
ALONG, adv.1 Var. dial, uses in midl. and s. counties ;
also Lan. Also written elong. [alo'rj, ala'rj, slas'q.alu-
1. Slanting.
n.Dev. Twel zet e-long, Exm. Scold. (1746) ; Along, for end-long,
obliquely, slanting ; GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.1
Comp. Along-straight, lying at full length.
Dor. She vow'd she zeed en wi her own eyes a-lyen all along
strait upon the groun, Why John (Coll. L.L.B.X Som. Why
zomebody must ha' zot on un [kitchen clock] when he wur down
along-straight, RAYMOND Gent. Upcott (1893) 22.
2. At full length, lying flat, generally used with all; see
all along.
Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.); 'Along' now means flat, all
along (F.W.C.).
3. During a period of time, during the past.
w.Som.1 We've had middlin' luck along, like. Dev. It is quite
usual to speak of anything being done ' along in the winter,' or
other season, and rather conveys the idea of repeated or continuous
action than of indefiniteness as to time, Reports Provinc. (1889).
4. In company, as well, into the bargain.
Wor. Mary is going, and Fred will go alung (H.K.). Sur.
Taking the eggs to market and the hen along, HOSKYNS Taipei
(1852) 139, ed. 1857 ; I'm blest if I don't think they got their own
price and ours along, ib. 150.
5. Forward, on; send along, to send home.
Lan. Bring the kayther alung, BANKS Manch. Man (1876) i. Stf.2
Th' liver inna ready yet, but wfin send it yu alung. War.3
' I will send it along directly ' is an everyday expression now in
Birmingham. Shr.1 Shall I send the mutton alung now, ma'am ?
[Amer. Mrs. Trollope has the following words : ' We must try
to get along, as the Americans say.' Lover also was puzzled to
discover what the young American lady meant by saying that she
was so unwell that she ' could not get along,' BARTLETT.]
6. In phr. (i) along of, (a) with, together with ; (b) in
pursuit of; (2) along with, with.
(i) (a) s.War.1 Come and go along of father. GIo. ' Does 'ee
zell th' owld genelman 'long o' this lot?' says one, BUCKMAN
Darke's Sojourn (1890) vii. Ess. Las' night I passed them housen
by along o' Tom an' Jack, DOWNE Ballads (1895) !9- Wil.1 Here,
you just coom whoam along o' I, an I'll gie 'ee summut to arg
about. Som. She'd garn t'school alang of us, LEITH Lemon Verbena
(l895) I07- Dev. Now and again he comes and stops along of
his granny for a bit, O'NEILL Idylls (1892) 86. Slang. I walks in
my brown gaiters along o' my old brown mule, KIPLING Brk. Ballads
(1892) Screw Guns, (b) Cor. ' Tez Farmer Tickle, I tell'y!' I shouted,
'and if you axes again, I'll come along ofyou with mystick/BARiNG-
GOULD Vicar(i&i6] vi. (2) Sc. Mak' grit the Lord alang wi' me,
RIDDELL Ps. . (1857) xxxiv. 3. Brks.1 When a young man is accused
He lived along with the squire for ever so many year. Sus. He's
our father, he lives along wi' us, EGERTON F/fcs. and Ways (1884)
26, 27. w.Som.i I zeed'n gwain 'long way Bob Milton.
[2. He laid himself down along upon the bed, indinavit
sem lectum, ROBERTSON (1693); Under yond yew-trees
lay thee all along, SHAKS. R. fr J. v. iii. 3. 3. I have all
along declared this to be a neutral paper, ADDISON Sped
No. 463. 4. Demetrius and Egeus, go along, SHAKS. M.N.D.
i. i. 123. 5. Let's along, And do the murther first, ib.
Temp. iv. i. 233 6. You, Capulet, shall go along with
me, ib. R ' &• J i. ,. Io6. OE. andlang, along, by the
side ; cp. G. entlang.]
ALONG, adv.' I.W. Dor. Som. Dev. [alo-n, ahe-n ]
Used as a suff. to advbs. It has the force of -wards. ^
I.W. Up along, Down along (J.D.R.). w.Dor. I'm going up
a ong, down along, home along (C.V.G.). w.Som.1 In-along up-
a ong, down-along, here-along, there-along, along yonder out-
along. A man said, ' I be gwain zo vur-s Holy Well Lake and I
can t stap now, but I'll call in back-along ' [on my way back] Dev
' Along 'isone of the common as well as most expressive of our west-
country suffixes — Down-along, here-along, there-along, in-along,
yon-along, Reports Provinc. (1887) 3; Tellee whot 'tez, yo'd best-
ways git tha lewzide ov tha hadge gwaine 'omc-along, HEWETT
Peas. Sfi. (1892)97 ; Awl-along, up-along, down-along lee, ib. 140.
ALONG, prep. Dev. In the course of, during.
Dev. It was along September month, Reports Provinc (i88g\
[Sprinkled along the waste of years, KEBLE Chr. Year.]
ALONG OF, ON, WITH, prep. phr. Irel. All n.coun-
ties to Shr. Glo. Brks. Hnt. Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp. Wil.
On account of, owing to.
Ir. Where along o' the weed-dhrifts an' shells there'd be grazin'
most whiles for the goats, BARLOW Bog-land ( 1892) 5. N.Cy.1 Nhb.
Ah wouldn't have yc troubled along of me, CLARE Love of Lass
(1890)1.79. Dur.1, Cum.1 Yks. It were all along of them soirees
that the first flood came, BARING-GOULD Pennyqks. (1870) 57, ed.
1890. ne.Yks.1 It warn't along o' me. e.Yks.1 It was all-Iang-o Bill
that Ah went. w.Yks.124; w.Yks.5 It worrant longa me, it wor
longa thee, soa doan't saay nowt. Lan. It wor aw along o' that
theer black jackass, WESTALL Birch Dene (1889) II. 287; Because it
wasawlung with you, GROSE (1790) ; Lan.1, eXan.1, ne.Lan.1 Chs.1
Sanshum fair ! . . . au aw'd cleean forgetten aw along o' this kink
i' my back, CLOUGH ; Chs.2 Aw long of such a one ; Chs.3Awlong
o' ould ooman, we couldna come. s.Chs.1 It's aw alung o' gooin
alt i' the reen. s.Stf. It was all along o' him meetin' her at the
chapel soo often, PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895). Stf.1; Stf.2
Theer, th' milk's shed, an' it's aw alung o' thee, metherin. Der.2,
nw.Der.1, Not. 1 Lin. An' all along o' the feller as turn'd 'is back of
hissen, TENNYSON Owd Roa (1889). nXin.1 It was along on a
letter missin' 'at my mare got kill'd. It was all along o' drink
'at he ended his sen e' that how. swXin.1 It was all along of him
that I happened this. Rut.1 He come downstairs sheddering, an'
went oop back'ards along of his rheumatiz. Lei.1 Nhp.1 It's all
along of you that this happened. War.12 s.War.1 It was all along
of that Bill Hancox' fancies, that the master kep' me in school.
Shr.1 It wuz all alung on 'im as 'e wuz i' the public; Shr.2 This
comes alung o gween wi' sich a chap as he is. Glo.1 Brks. Afore
he got his place along of his bugle playing, HUGHES T. Brown Oxf.
<i86i)xxxvi; Brks.1 Ut be all alang o' that ther coortin' as a dwoant
do no work o' no account. Hnt. To-day I found him digging in his
garden, having been cured ' all along o' that goose-grass,' N. & Q.
1866) 3rd S. x. 268. Ken. It's all alongof you that I'm in this mess
H.M.) ; I have heard the expression ' It's all through long ofyou'
P.M.). Snr.1 To the question, 'How did sin come into the world ?'
a lad replied, ' It was all along of Eve eating of that apple.' Sus.1
Master Piper he lost his life all-through-along-on-account-of drink.
Hmp. 'Twur all along o' they lawyers, Foresters' Misc. (1846) 162.
Wil.1 'Twer aal along o' she's bwoy's bad ways ashertuk to drenk.
Slang. All along of muzzling the bobbies, MAYHEW Land. Labour
(1864; I. 36.
[And long of her it was That we meet here so strangely,
SHAKS. Cymb. v. v. 271 ; You, mistress, all this coil islong
of you, ib. M. N. D. HI. ii. 339 ; I am longe of this stryfe,
Je suis en cause de cestestrif, PALSGR. 427 ; On me is nought
along thyn yuel fare, CHAUCER Tr. Sf Cr. n. 1001 ; Al is on
miself along, GOWER C.A. n. 22; On hire is al milif ilong,
Rel. Songs (STRATMANN). OE. gelang, belonging, de-
pending ; gelang on, gelang at, because of, owing to. Cf.
ALONGSIDE OF, ON, prep. phr. Lin. Sus. Dor. Dev.
Beside.
n-Lin.1 The stee's alongside on the fother stack. Sus. I'd lie
down and go to sleep alongside of it any day, EGERTON Fits, and
Ways (1884) 33- Dor. I did bide alongzide o' he till the church clock
a' het twelve, HARE Vil. Street (1895) '39- Dev. A man and his
missus can bide alongside o' one another till death do 'em part,
O'NEILL Told in Dimpses (1893) 26.
[Along (adv.1) + side.]
ALONGST, prep. Cum. Chs. Ken. Som. [alo'nst,
3lae-rjs(t).] 1. Along.
Cum.1 Alongst, used in old deeds. Chs.1 Alongst the road.
2. adv. and prep. Lengthwise.
? Ken.1 [I do not remember ever hearing this, and after much
nquiry can find no one who has (P.M.)] ; Ken.2 Alongst it, on
the long side of it, SOMNER Gavelkind, 120. w.Som.1 Alongst,
used very commonly in contrast to ' athwart ' or ' across.' You 'ont
make no hand o' thick there field o' ground, nif he idn a guttered
both ways, ukraa-s-n ulangs [across and alongst].
[It was concluded they should come alongst Berwick
ALOOSE
[47l
AMAISTER
Bridge, BAILLIE Letters, I. 325 (BOUCHER) ; The herald
flew From troop to troop alongst the host, CHAPMAN
Iliad, iv. 227. Alongst is formed fr. along with the advb.
suff. -es + parasitic /, as in against.]
ALOOSE, adv. Nhb. [aloirs.J Loose, free.
Nhb.1 ' Let yorsel alowse,' was the exhortation of a pitman to
a friend who was batting stiffly at a cricket match.
[A-, on + loose (ON. lauss).]
ALOUD, adv. Wil. Som. [aleu'd.] See below.
Wil.1 That there meat stinks aloud [smells very bad]. w.Som.1
As in polite society we hear of ' loud colours,' so in our lower
walk we talk of 'loud stinks.' Dhik rab'ut fraa'sh ! ee stingks
ulaewd [that rabbit fresh ! he stinks aloud].
[The stuff, to quote the trenchant expression of an
onlooker, ' stank aloud,' Dy. News, Feb. 1872 (N.E.D.).
A-, on + loud.]
ALOW, adv.1 and prep. Sc. s.Irel. Lan. I. Ma. Ess.
[alou1.] Below.
Gall. Silver Sand . . . never glanced either aloft or alow, CROCKETT
Raiders (1894) xi. Wxf.1 Aloghe, below. Lan. Monthly Mag.
(1815) I. 127. I. Ma. Where am I? alaw or alaf ? BROWNE Doctor
(1887) 30. Ess. As fleeting ship, by bearing sayl alowe, With-
standeth stormes when boistrous winds do blow, TUSSER Hus-
bandrie (1580) 216, st. a.
[Alow, in a low place, not aloft, BAILEY (1755) ; And now
alow and now aloft they fly, DRYDEN (JOHNSON) ; Why
somme (briddes) be alowe and somme alofte, P. Plowman
(B.) xn. 222. A-, on + low.]
ALOW, adv.2 Sc. n.Irel. Nhb. Yks. Also written
alowe. [alou1.] Ablaze, on fire.
Sc. To speak to him about that . . . wad be to set the kiln a-low,
SCOTT Midlothian (1818) xlv ; Sit down and warm ye, since the
sticks are alow, ib. Pirate (1822) I. 103. e.Lth. Tod-Lowrie had
set the heather a-low, HUNTER J. Inuiick (1895) 122. N.I.1 Alowe,
lit, kindled. Ant. The chimley's alow, Ballymena Obs. (1892 .
Nhb. Come and ye'll see a sight. Vender's the Fairy Hill a' alowe,
Denham Tracts (ed. 1895) II. 137 ; Nhb.1 It wis aall iv alow iv
a minute. n.Yks.2
| It kindils on (a)lowe, Wars Alex. 4177. In Ormulum
16185 there occurs o lo^he (in flame). A-, on + low, q.v.]
ALP, sb. n.Cy. Lan. e.An. Also written olp e.An.12
Nrf.1 Suf.1 ; ope, awf Suf.1 ; alf, ulf e.An.1 Cf. also Hoop,
Mawp, Nope, Pope. The bullfinch, Pyrrhula europaea.
n.Cy. Alp, a singing alp, GROSE (1790). Lan.1, e.An.12 Nrf.
Alpe, GROSE (1790) ; Nrf.1 Suf. Our gardeners slay the bullfinches,
which eat the fruit-buds of currants and gooseberries — 'mischief-
ful alps,' as they call them, e.An. Dy. Times (1892) ; Alpe, or alfc
(F.H.); Snf.1 [AJp, the old name for the bullfinch, SWAINSON
Birds (1885) 66 ; MORRIS Hist. Brit. Birds (1857).]
[An alpe (bu\nnch),Rubidlla, COLES (1679)'; A\pe,Fice-
dula, Prompt. ; Alpes, finches, and wodewales, CHAUCER
R. Rose, 658. The forms ending in / (ph) appear mostly
in compounds, and are perh. due to want of stress. See
Blood-alp.]
ALPUIST, conj. Obs. Sc. Also written allpuist,
apiece, apiest. Although.
Sc. We had been at nae great tinsel, apiest we had been quit o'
her, FORBES Jrn. (1742) 14 ; We cou'd na' get a chiel to shaw us
the gate, alpuist we had kreished his liv wi' a shillin, ib. 16 ; A
bodie wou'd nae car'd to meddle wi her, apiece they had been
hir'd to do't, ib. 17
[See Albuist]
ALRICH, see Eldritch.
ALTER, v. Brks. Som. [o'lta(r).] To change for
the better (as in phr. to alter the hand) ; to improve in con-
dition, gain flesh (used of live stock).
Brks. A man alters for the better, but changes for the worse
(M.J.B.). w.Som.1 Neef ee doan au'ltur uz an, ee ul zeon bee een
i baemd wai [if he does not change his course (alter his hand) he
will soon go to the bad altogether]. Dhai stee-urz-1 au-ltur, muyn,
een yoa-ur keep [those steers will alter, mind, in your keep].
Dhai au-gz bee au'lturd shoa-ur nuuf [those hogs arc altered sure
enough !].
ALTERATION,^. w.Yks. Hmp. [o'ltarei/an.] Differ-
ence. Also used as adj. Of the weather : changeable,
uncertain.
w.Yks. See what an alteration between me an' Wiseman ; he
likes baths, an' 'ud fair cry if'c missed ?em, an' I can't abide 'em
(F.P.T. j. Hmp. I'm always much worse in alteration weather
(W.M.E.F. .
ALTERING,^'. w.Som. [o'ltarin.] Likely to improve.
w.Som.1 Auctioneers constantly wind up their advertisements
of cattle sales in the local press with, ' The whole of the stock is of
the most altering description.'
ALTER Y,adj. Brks. [o'ltari.] See below.
Brks. The weather is said to be a bit 'altery' when it ' tokens
for rain ' (M.J.B.).
[Alter, vb. + -y ; the form prob. suggested by ' rainy.']
ALTOGETHER SO, adv. phr. w.Som. [^'ItageSa zoa.]
w.Som.1 Altogether so, just to the same degree. Bill's all thumbs,
and Jack's altogether so vitty handed.
ALUNT, adv. Sc. [alirnt.] In a blazing state.
Sc. Hence, to set alunt, (i) to put in a blaze, (2) fig. to kindle,
to make blaze. For if they set the taxes higher, They'll set alunt
that smoostin' fire Whulk ilka session helps to beat, An when it
burns, they'll get a heat, HOGG Pastorals, 16 ; Sweet Meg maist
set my saul alunt Wi' rhyme and Pate's disease, A. SCOTT Poems
(1811) (JAM.). Gall. That reed-heed o' yours to set them a-Iunt,
CROCKETT Sunbonnet (1895) ix.
[A-, on + lunt, q.v.]
ALWAYS, conj. Sc. n.Cy. Notwithstanding, however.
Sc. The remonstrants would have opposed it (the coronation of
Charles II), others prolonged it as long as they were able. Always
blessed be God, it is this day celebrated with great joy and con-
tentment to all honest-hearted men here, BAILLIE Lett. (1775) II.
367 (JAM.). N.Cy.1
[I will not contende . . . who is the best. . . . Alway I
would advise him not to deteine the childe, ELYOT Gov.
(BOUCHER) ; How be it that he had grete pyte . . . alwayes
he ... went his wayes, CAXTON Eneydos, xxi. 74.]
AM, see He.
AMACKALLY, adv. n.Cy. to Yks. and Lan. Not in
Sc. gloss. Also written amackily Wm. & Cum.1 ; amackly
Wm. Lan.1 [ama'kali, ama'kli.] To some degree ; in
some fashion ; as it were.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790); HOLLOWAY; N.Cy.1 Amackally, in a manner,
as well as one can. Nhb.1 Obs. Cum. Did you get your money ?
— Aye, we dud amackaly. There wasn't time, but we gat it duin,
amackily (M.P.). Wm. & Cum.1 I send te thisan, to tell thec
amackily what dreedful fine things I sicw,Borrowdale Lett. (1787).
Wm. We leeve in yan o thor deeals up amang t'fells — a fell heead
spot amackly es yan ma say, CLARKE Spec. Dial. (ed. 1868) "TRtysh
Beearin ; Fert neets an daes wer amackily o alike, Spec. Dial.
(1885) pt. iii. i ; T'poor fello's pluck he amackily roosed, BOWNESS
Studies (1868) 80; Wm.1 w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Cams (1781) ;
Amackly, almost, just about (R.H.H.). Lan.1, n.L.-ui.1. ne.Lan.1
[Amackally may be thus analyzed : Amack=a mak (for
on mak), in a fashion ; to this the advbl. suffix -ly has
been added, hence the gen. mg., in a manner ; see Mack.]
AMAIN, adv. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. [ame'n, amea'n.j
1. A coal-trade term ; in full force, violently, at full
speed, quickly.
Nhb. & Dur. Wagons or tubs are said to run amain if they get by
accident over an incline bank-head without the rope being attached,
or through the rope becoming detached or breaking, NICHOLSON
Coal Tr. Gl. (1888). Nhb.1 Cum. Fwok cud lock t'wheels ov a
waggon to hinder't o' runnin' amain, DICKINSON Lamplugh (1856) 7.
2. Fig. to get amain, run amain, to get beyond control,
run riot.
Nhb. As if maw wits had run amain, WILSON Pitman's Pay, &c.
(1843) 23. w.Yks. T'fire on t'fell got amain (JE.B.).
[Amain, vehementer, valde, strenue, COLES (1679) ; Cry
you all amain, ' Achilles hath the mighty Hector slain,'
SHAKS. Tr. &> Cr. v. viii. 13 ; Brave warriors, march
amain towards Coventry, ib, 3 Hen. VI, iv. viii. 64. A-,
on + main (OE. mcegn).]
AMAISTER, v. Obs. sw.Shr. To teach.
Shr. BOUND Prov. (1876) ; Shr.1 An old man near Leintwardine,
speaking of his schoolmaster, said, "E used to amaister me, Sir.'
Now [1876] rarely heard ; Shr.2 I'll amaister it to you. I insert
this word on the single authority of a man from the neighbour-
hood of Cleobury Mortimer, who assured me that he had repeatedly
heard it in the above sense.
[How ich myghte a-maistren hem to ... laboure For
here lyflode, P. Plowman (c.) ix. 221. OFr. amaistrer, to
master, to teach.]
A-MASKED
[48]
AMENDS
A-MASKED, ppl. adj. Obs. Wil. Bewildered, lost.
Wil. Met with in old Wil. documents (G.E.D.) ; Wil.*
[Philosophy is darke, Astrology is darke. . . . The pro-
fessors thereof oftentimes runne amasket, JEWEL Holy
Script. (N.E.D.) Atnasked, prop, covered with a ' mask,"
blindfolded . A- (pref.l°) + masked. Cp. masked in FULLER :
Leaving him more masked than he was before, Holy
War, in. a.]
A-MASSY, int. Dev. [a-ma'si.]
nw.Dev. Massy I A-massy ! A-massy well ! A-massy me ! are
aIlcommon(R.P.C.). e.Dev. An' when 'twas done (a-maacy wull!)
PULMAN Sketches (1842) 25.
[Repr. Have mercy .' Heaven have mercy on me !
SHAKS. Otli. v. ii. 34 ; Have mercy, Jesu ! ib. Rich. Ill, v.
iii. 178.]
AMATON, sb. Sc. QAM.)
1. A thin, bony person.
Gall. (JAM. Suppl.)
2. A foolish person ; one yielding to anger.
Dmf.
AMAUNCE, AMAUNGE, see Maunce.
AMAZE, sb. Wxf. Written amize. Amazement,
wonder.
Wxf.1
[But soon our joy is turn'd Into perplexity and new
amaze, MILTON P. R. n. 38.]
AMBER, sb. Ken. Sus. [ae-mba(r).] A plant-name :
applied to (i) All Saints' Wort, Hypericum androsaemum,
from its smell (s.Ken. Sus.) ; (2) St. John's Wort, Hyperi-
cum per/oratum (Ken.). Perhaps so called from its pale
yellow flowers.
AMBER, YELLOW, see Yellow Ammer.
AMBLE, v. Nhb. Not. Oxf. Also written aumble
Nhb.1 [o-mbl, o-ml.]
1. To walk.
Nhb. Obs. (R.O.H.); Nhb.1
2. To walk clumsily, to trample. Cf. shamble.
Not. She's an omblin', shomblin' sort o' lass (W.H.S.). Oxf.1
Amble about, to tread standing corn, &c. about
AMBRY, sb. Sc. n.Cy. to Yks. and Lan. ; also Der.
Also written aumrie Sc. ; aumry w.Yks.1 Lan.1 • aumery
w.Yks."; aumbry N.Cy.12; almery Nhb. [a'mbri, §-mri .]
1. A chest, cupboard where food is kept, pantry.
Sc. Steek [close] the amrie, lock the kist, Else some gear may
weel be mist, SCOTT Donald Caird (1818) ver. 4; The only furni-
ture, excepting ... a wooden press, called ... an ambry, ib. Waverley
(1814) xxxvii; He has broken his face on the ambry [is fat
cheeked], HENDERSON Prov. (1832) 114, ed. 1881 ; Ambry, cupboard
GROSE : (1790) MS. add. (P.) Abd. That grim gossip, chandler-
chaftedwant, With threed-bare claithing, and an ambry scant Ross
ffelenore (I?68) i. Bwk. He kept his money in an old aumrie of
very black oak, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes ( 1856) 87. n.Cy. GROSE
(1790); N.Cy.1; N.Cy.2 No sooner up, but the head in the aumbry
and nose in the cup. Nhb.1 Cnm. Ton's welcome as may be My
purse and my ambrie to share, ANDERSON Ballads (1808) 01 • Now
seldom used except in reference to old buildings, or as a tempta-
A°mht?VMyp^ of °ld,furniture in advertisements-' An ancient
Ambne (M.P.). Wra.1 Yks. Gang to your aumbrie, ifyou please
And fetch us here some bread and cheese, Denham Tracts (edTiSgs
97- m-Yks.1 w.Yks. Aumery, a cupboard where provisions
are kept Nearly obs., Hlfa. Wds.; w.Yks.1 1 hed some efter
asm breead i t aumry, ii. 300; w.Yks." Lan. We'n tarts an'
1^\ ?"« \ -°W^ Saddle °' mutton '' t>aumry y°n. WAUGH
Jannock (1874) „ ; Oppenyon drawer i' th' aumrie, KAY-SHUTTLE-
WORTH Scarsdale (1860) II. 283 ; Lan.i, ? Chs.1, Der.1
umrie' °r muckle aumrie, a very stupid person.
Fn hi but wh t % contemPt to * clumsy person who has nothing
in mm but what the spoon puts in (G W )
press °r' cupboard, probably
VCSSels used at mea^ (JAM.).
....^e plate and utensils for House-
a cupboard to keep victuals in, WORLIDGE ; An ambrey
(pantrey), Cella pennaria, COLES (1679) ; Ambry, vox jaw
fere obsoleta ... a cupboard's head, SKINNER, Bb 2 ; Al-
moire, an ambry, cupboard, box ; . . . Armaire, a cup-
board, ambrie, little press, COTGR. ; An almery, scrininiii,
almariolum ; ... An armorie, armarium, LEVINS Manip. •
Almery of mete kepynge, cibutum, Prompt. ; Avarice hatli
almaries and yren-bounde coffres, P. Plowman (B.) xiv.
246. OFr. almarie, armarie, MLat. amtariutii, a place for
implements, ' arms.']
AMBURY, see Anbury.
AMEL, sb. Obs. Sc. Enamel.
Sc. The amel of her eye, when she smiled, it was impossible to
look steadfastly on, Winter Ev. Tales, II. 8 (JAM.).
[Amel, encaustum, COLES (1679) ; Esmail, ammel or
enammel, COTGR. ; Ammell for goldesmythes, esmael,
PALSGR. ME. Grene aumayl on golde, Gawaine, 235.
OFr. esmail (mod. email).]
AMELL,/**/). Nhb. Cum. Yks. [anvel.]
1. Among, between, amidst.
n.Cy. Amell one and two o'clock, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) ;
N.Cy.1 ; N.Cy.2 Some pronounce it ' ameld.' Nhb.1 Amell them twa
to drive a bargain, Joco-Serious Discourse, 29. Cum.2 Nearly, if
not quite, obs. n. &e.Yks. A-mcll tweay steauls the Tail may
fall to'th grand, MERITON Praise Ale (1684) 1. 90. n.Yks.1 They
cam' amell seven and eight o'clock. ' Chop in amel],' direction to
a colley or sheepdog. He fand it amell t'shaffs [sheaves] ; n.Yks.2
ne.Yks.1 The form ' mellem ' is, or was recently, used at Staithes,
where the fishermen divide the fish ' mellem yan anoother.' Amell
tweea steeals. e.Yks. Amell six and seven o'clock, MARSHALL Rur
Econ. (1788).
2. Comp. Amell-door, a door midway between two
others ; -doors, a passage ; -times, -whiles, -way, see
below. See Mell-doors.
Cum.2 Amell-door, or Mell-door, a door between the outer door
and that of an inner room. n-Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 Amell-times, or Amell-
whiles, intervals. Amell-way, in a middling way, as we say of
a person's health.
[Amel, among, betwixt, Sc., BAILEY (1755); Amell,
among, betwixt, COLES (1677) ; Erthe is vayne and voyde,
and myrknes emel, York Plays, 6. STRATMANN has the
forms a melle and * melle. See Mell.]
AMEN, in comp. ( i ) Amen-chapel, see below ; (2) -clerk,
(3) -curler, a parish clerk ; (4) -wallah, a chaplain's clerk.
(i) Slang. Amen-chapel, the service used in Winchester School
upon Founder's Commemorations, and certain other occasions, in
which the responses and Amens are accompanied on the organ
(E.F.). (2) Shr.1 Amen-clerk, obs. Entry in the Parish Register
of Hopton Castle, Shropshire : ' Anno Dofiii, 1636. Richardus
Beb Amen-clericus sepultus maij primo.' Var. dial. Clerk, called
Amen-clerk in some places, PEGGE Ante. Eng. Lang. (1803) 318.
(3) Slang. LifeB. M. Carew (1791). (4) In the army the chaplain's
:lerk is called an Amen-wallah [Hindustani for man or person],
FARMER.
AMENDEN, int. Obs. ?
disguised oath.
e-An.1 Suf.1 A sort of oath, equivalent to ' a plague,' or a more
gross word, now disused. Where amenden ar yeow a goen?
Amenden take you. [Not known to our correspondents 1
AMENDMENT, sb. Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp. Also
written mendment Ken.1 Sus.2 Hmp.1 [ame'ndmant]
Manure laid on land.
w.Ken. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) Ken.1, Sur.1 Sns.1 You
down to the ten-acre field, and spread that amendment abroad ;
Sus.2, Hmp.i
[Chalk, lime, and other sweet soil and amendments,
EVELYN Acetaria (1699), ed. 1729, 156. ME. Yet sawe I
neuer tree that wold nought . . . receyuen tylthe and
amendement, LYDGATE Pylg. Sowle(N.E.D.). Fr. amende-
went, manure ; see LITTRE (s.v.), DUCANGE (s.v. Amenda-
mentum). Used in this sense also in Flem. ; see BROEC-
KAERT Bastaardwoordenboek (s.v.).]
AMENDS, sb. Der. Not. War. s.Wor. [ame'nz.] Phr.
'o make amends, to return a compliment or obligation.
Der. Still commonly used (H.R.). nw-Der.1 s.Not. Ah thanked
im for the tunnips, an' told 'im we'd mek 'im amends when our
peas corned in (J.P.K.). War. (J.W.R.) s.Wor. PORSON Quaint
Was. (1875) 20 ; (H.K.)
e.An. An interjection or
AMENG
[49]
AMOVE
I
II
[To make amends, in the sense of to make a return for
something good, seems to be peculiar to the dialects. In
lit. E. one always 'makes amends' for faults committed
or damages incurred.]
AMENG, see Among.
AMERICAN, adj. Comb. ( i ) American breezers, a kind
of potato (Oxf.) ; (2) — creeper, Tropaeolum Canariense
(Dev.) ; (3) — lilac, CentrantJius ruber(Dev.) ; (4) — rake,
a machine for raking hay ; (5) — waterweed, (6) — weed,
Anacharis alsinastrum (Lin. Glo.).
(i) Oxf.1 (2) Dev.4 In Som. this handsome climber is called
Canary creeper. (3) Ib. American lilac, Red Valerian. (4) nw.Dev.1
American rake, the turnover machine hay-rake. (6) Lin. The
plant has received other trivial names, such as ... the American
weed, MILLER & SKERTCHLY Fenland (1878) x.
AMEVE, v. Obs. Irel. To move.
Crl. Freq. used by old persons twenty years ago (M.B.-S.). Wxf.1
[Whan she had herd al this, she noght ameved, Neither
in word or chere, CHAUCER C. T. E. 498. Ameve, OFr.
ameiiv-, stressed stem of amover, amouvoir.]
AMINDED, />/>/. adj. Stf. War. Glo. Oxf. Brks. Som.
[amai-ndad.] Willing, disposed, inclined.
s.Stf. Her con afford to put a good spread on the table when her's
aminded, PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1889) 63. War.2 Do as you're
aminded. Glo.1 You can do about that as you've got aminded. Oxf.1
I'll go when I be amindted. If I'd amindted I shall do6t, an' if
I ant amindted I shant. Brks.1 If a beant aminted to do what
I axes e, e med vind a plaayce zome'er else. Som. An' then you
shall goo, if you be a'-minded, RAYMOND Love and Quiet Life
(1894) 124. w.Som.1 I be gwain to vote eens I be aminded, and
I baint gwain vor t'ax nobody.
[A- (pref?}+ minded, q.v.]
AMISS, in phr. amiss of. Suf. [ami's.] Amiss with,
wrong with.
Suf. What's amiss of John, that he doesn't go to work ? Some-
thing's amiss of the lawn-mower. In everyday use (F.H.) ;
(E.C.P.P.)
AMITAN, sb. Sc. (JAM.) A weak, foolish person ; one
yielding to excess of anger.
Dmf.
[Gael, amadan, a fool.]
AMMAT, see Noon-meat.
AMMER-GOOSE, sb. Sc. The great northern Diver,
Colymbus glacialis.
Abd., e.Lth. Ammer,or Emmer-goose, SWAINSON Birds (1885) 213.
AMMIL, sb. Dev. [ae'mil.] A kind of hoar-frost.
Dev. There is one peculiar atmospheric phenomenon seen upon
Dartmoor, which is of rare occurrence, . . . known to the moor-folk
as the ' ammil.' . . . Under certain conditions a body of thin trans-
parent ice encloses every tree, twig, leaf, or blade of grass, PAGE
Explor. Drtmr. (1889) i ; The ammil continued for two nights and
days, ROWE Peramb. Drtmr. (ed. 1896) 431 ; Duee lukee ; zee
tha trees be Hiking butivul's marning. LOkes'z ef they wuz
covered wi' dimonds. Us dawnt offen zee tha ammil za thick, du
us? HEWETT Peas. Sfi. (1892).
[Prob. a fig. use of amel, q.v.]
AMMUT, see Emmet.
AMON, sb. Obsol. Ken. A child's game.
Ken. A trial of skill, in which the players endeavour to see who
can get over the most ground by means of one hop, two steps, and
a jump. The game is still practised, though the word ' Amon ' is only
known to old people. Will ye try a' amon widme, Jack! Playin'
at amon does'n wear a youngster's boots out like hop-scotch does
(A.M.) ; Name obs. round Ramsgate, but a workman has seen the
game played on the sands under the name of Fling (D.W.L.) ;
Ken.1"
AMONG, prep. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. Eng. Also
written amang Sc. Irel. Cum. n. and e.Yks. Lan. Lin. ;
ameng w.Yks. ; imangs, imangis Sc. [ama'rj, arne'rj.]
1. Between ; used with reference to only two things.
Chs.3 ' Beat her among her een,' a suggestion from a drover to
make a ' curst ' cow go the right way. [Arner. The money was
divided among us two, BARTLETT.]
2. In, into ; together with ; esp. in phr. to mix among,
put among.
Sc. There's a mote amo' the milk (G.W.). Inv. To put some-
thing among milk or water is to add something to or put something
into it (H.E.F.). Abd. Noo, Mrs. Birse, ye wull not pit fusky in
VOL. I.
amo' my tae [put whisky in my tea], ALEXANDER Johnny Gibh (1871)
132, ed. 7. Per. Mix them a' amons ane anithcr [in one mass]
(G.W. ). w.Yks.3 Often used without noun, as ' There's a flock of
geese and ducks amang.'
3. In phr. (i) among them, in their own hands ; (2) among
them be it, let them settle it among themselves, it is their
affair ; (3) to be among the hands of, to be in the hands
of, to be treated or used by.
(i) w.&s.Sc. Imangs them, imangis themsells, in their own hands,
together, in common (JAM. Suppl.). (2) Sc. Amangyou be't, priests'
bairns ; I am but a priest's oye [grandson], HENDERSON Prov.
(1832) 101, ed. 1881. NJ.1 Among ye be it, blind harpers [settle
it among yourselves : said to persons quarrelling], e.Yks.1 w.Yks.
If anyone caame to tell 'er taales abaht oother foalk, sha'd listen,
an' then say, 'Amang 'em be't' (F.P.T.). (3) Per. It's amo' your
hands. In common use (G.W.).
[2. Vinello's . . . are much used among chocolate to
perfume it, DAMPIER Voy. I. 235 (N.E.D.) ; Bawme helde
Among a basket ful of roses, CHAUCER Hous F. 1687.
3. The vessel that the potter made off claye brake amonge
his hondes, COVERDALE Jer. xviii. 4.]
AMONG-HANDS, adv. Sc. Irel. Cum. Yks. Lan. Der.
Not. Lin. Also written amongans sw.Lin.1
1. Said of work or any undertaking : done conjointly, by
mutual help or joint action.
e.Yks. Oor fooaks is undher-handed rayther then ower-handed,
bud they'll mannish amang-hands, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 91 ;
e.Yks.1 They'll manish te dee it amang-hands. m.Yks.1 w.Yks.5
When there is a task of some difficulty to do in a workshop and none
to whose lot it falls particularly, any unpleasantness is speedily
got rid of by agreeing to do it ' ameng-hands.' — A matter o' sixty
lawyers hed been consulted . . . soa ameng-hands the property was
declared under the cognizance o' the High Court o' Chancery, ib. 93.
n.Lin. It's a orphan, bud w6 mun git it broht up among-han's
(M.P.) ; n-Lin.1 Thaay doan't keap a sarvant lass noo, but thaay
get thrif th' hoose-wark tidy enif among-hands. Th' bread's sad,
but I weant thraw it i' to swill-tub ; we shall get thrif it among-
hands.
2. Between whiles, in the meantime. Of work: done at
odd moments, conjointly with other things. Cf. atween-
hands.
Ayr. Had he no dee'd among hands . . . I'm sure I canna think
what would hae come o' me, GALT Entail (1823) xxxii. Ant. A'll dae
it amang han's [after working hours, on wet days, &c.], Ballymena
Obs. (1892). N.I.iHe'll daet amang bans, i.e. he will get it donesome-
how, by dividing the labour, and finding spare time for it. n-Yks.1
n.Yks.2 We can do't amang hands. w.Yks. Trottin a bit nah an
then ameng-hands when t'road suits, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla
Ann. (1848) ; w.Yks.1 2, ne.Lan.1, Der.2, nw.Der.1 swXin.1 There's
a woman as does the work, and waits of her among-hands. The
men have two lunches a day, and they want beer among-hands.
3. Between, amongst other things.
w. & s.Sc. Imang hands, at hand, at command, in process, on
the anvil (JAM. Suppl.). Cum. We've roughness [plenty] amang
hands, we've kye i' the byre, ANDERSON Ballads (1808) The Aunty ;
They wad ha kilt meh amang hands, an what couldei ha deunn
wih sooa menny o' them, SARGISSON./OC Scoap (1881) 178. n.Yks.2
Oor cart's i' t'market amang hands [along with similar vehicles].
w.Yks.5 A farmer will cut up a stack of bad hay and truss it off
ameng-hands, i.e. mix it up with trusses of good hay and send it
thus to market. Not. A've given away a many o' them flowers
amongans (L.C. M.). swXin.1 We've setten some larch with spruce
amongans.
4. Of land : belonging to different proprietors intermixed.
w.Yks. This word is still used, but much more rarely than formerly
(M.F.) ; w.Yks.1
AMOO,s6. Wil. Children's name for a cow. See Moo.
WU. Aumoo, cow or bullock (now almost obs.), N. & Q. (1881)
6th S. iv. 106 ; Ahmoos, used by nurses in talking to children, on
the borders of Wil. and Som. (G.E.D.) ; Wil.1 Used by mothers to
children, as ' Look at they pretty ahmoos a-coming ! '
AMOTH, sb. Irel. A big soft ' gossoon ' who would cry
for nothing (S.A.B.).
NJ.1 A blirton amos [sic], a big soft fellow who weeps for a slight
cause.
[Ir. amad, a simpleton, a foolish silly person, a fool.]
AMOVE, adj. Brks. [amu'v.] Moving with, full of.
Brks.1 A copse is said to be ' amove wi' gaayme.'
[A-, on + move.]
AMP
[50]
AN
AMP, sb. Sh.I. [amp.] Fear, terror.
Sh.I. (W.A.G.), S.&Ork.1
[Norw. dial, ampe, trouble, troublesome work. It is
freq. used about the trouble with babies (AASEN). Cp.
Sw. dial, ampen, angry, anxious (RiETz).]
AMPER, sb. e.An. Ken. Sus. Hmp. Dor. Som. Dev.
[a-mpa(r), ae-mp3(r).]
1. An inflamed swelling, pustule ; a varicose vein ;
matter, pus.
e-An.1 A sort of inflamed swelling. Nrf.1 Suf. e.Ang. (1866)
II. 325. Ess. Amper, a swelling (P.R.) ; A rising scab or sore, allso
a vein swelled wth corrupted blond (K.) ; Ess.1 Ken.1 A tumour or
swelling. Sus.1 Hmp. Prick it, an' let th' amper out (J.R.W.);
Hmp.1 Dor.1 The chile is all out in an amper. Som. A small red
pimple, JENNINGS Obs. Dial w.Eng. (1825); W. & J. Gl. ; Mostly
used as to gatherings on the fingers when ' proud flesh ' swellings or
yellow-heads come. I have amper on one of my fingers (G.S.).
w-Som.1 A blotch on the face. n.Dev. Ampers, red spots and
inflammation on the skin, particularly upon the veins of the legs,
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
2. A defect or flaw in cloth.
Suf. (P.R.) Sus. A fault or flaw in linnen or woollen cloth,
RAY (1691) ; GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) ; Sus.1, Hmp.1
[Amper, Ampor, a swelling; also a flaw in cloth,
BAILEY (1721) ; Amper vel Ampor, vox Rusticis agri Essex,
usitatissima, quae tumorem vel phlegmonem designat,
SKINNER ; An amper, ampor, tumor, COLES (1679).
ME. pri ampres were an mancyn XT his to-cyme, Horn. I.
237. OE. ampre (ompre), ' varix,' a swollen vein.]
AMPERED, adj. Ken. Som. [ae'mpad.] Poisoned,
feste ed ; decayed.
Ken. Ampred chees (K.). Som. SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885).
AMPERLASH, sb. Chs. Saucy, abusive language.
See Camperlash.
Chs. I'll have none o' thy amperlash, soo I tell thee, Sheaf "(1879)
I. 168 ; Chs.1
AMPERSAND, phr. In var. dial, of Sc. and Eng.
Also written ampassy Cum.1 Dev.1 Cor.12 ; amsiam Oxf. ;
anpasty e.An.1; anparsy Dur.1 w.Yks.2 ; anparse
w.Yks.1 ; anparsil w.Yks.5 ; epse-and Lin.1 ; empassy on
Shr.1 ; empus-and Suf.1 ; passy Cor.12 ; passy-and Lin.1 ;
parcy-and N.Cy.1 ; parseyand e.Yks.1 See below. The
sign &, formerly written at the end of the alphabet in
school-books.
S. & Ork.1 Aberzeant, et cetera. Abd. Usually called Eppersyand,
N. & Q. (1880) 6th S. i. 500. N.Cy.1 In the old dames' schools it
was made a twenty-seventh letter — ' X, Y, Z, and parcy." Dur.1,
Cum.1 n.Yks.2 Amparsy, or Amplezant. ne.Yks.1 Anparsy, in
rare use ; sometimes Parsy-and. e.Yks.1 w.Yks. X, Y, Z, and
parcel, goa ta bed, Flk-rhyme, Yks. N. & Q. (1888) II. 14 ; Children
sometimes conclude the alphabet by saying ' X, Y, Z, and parsil,"
Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.125 Chs. &— per se — and. On battledores
furnished to the free-school at Nantwich about the year 1820-1,
N. & Q. (1871) 4th S. viii. 468. n.Stf. He thought it had been put
there to finish off the alphabet — though ampus-and would ha' done
as well, GEO. ELIOT A. Bede (1859) xxi. Not.1 Epsey and. Lin.1
nXin.1 ' From A to andparcy ' is equivalent to ' from beginning
to the end.' Lei.1 Ampus-and. War.3 Shr.1 Zad an' expassy and
[ek'spu'si'and] is heard about Worthen, In/rod, xxiii. Oxf.1 Brks.1
Amsiam : always thus called by children, and named after the letter
Z when saying the alphabet. e.An.1 Cmb.1 Ab-er-zand, commonly
used in the dames' schools at Wisbech. Suf. Beside [Ampersand,
Anapasty], & is called here Anapaster and Amperzed, e.Ang. (1866)
II. 363; Suf.1 e.Sus.,Hmp. Amperzed, HOLLOWAY. Som. Anpassey ,
W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng. (1869). w-Som.1 Our
alphabet always ends with 'aek's, wuy, zad, an'paa'see.' Dev.
Ampassy, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) ; Dev.1, Cor.12 Cor.3 In Red-
ruth usually An-passy-an or Am-passy-an. Colloq. Any odd shape
folks understand To mean my Protean ampersand, Punch (Apr. 17,
1869) 153.
[Repr. ' and per se—and,' i. e. ' & by itself=and.']
AMPERY, «<#. Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp. Som. [se-mpari.]
1. Covered with blotches or pimples ; gathered.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; My finger is getting ampery (G.S.).
w-Som.1 Aanrpuree fae-usud [blotchy faced]. A very common
description of persons, but it would not be spoken of animals.
2. Of things, esp. of cheese : rotten, beginning to decay.
Ken. An amprey tooth, GROSE (1790) ; Almost equivalent to ' adle.'
Said of an old wagon in a rickety state and out of repair (P.M.).
ne.Ken. Applied to a creaking table, decaying cheese, or to a loose
blade in a knife (H.M.). Ken.12 Sur.1 That cheese is middlin'
ampery. Sus. The doctor opened Jim's mouth . . . but seem naun
amiss an not won ampre ang, JACKSON Southward Ho (1894) I.
251 ; Sus.1 Especially applied to cheese. Hampery. out of repair ;
Sus.2 Ampre-ang, a decayed tooth. Hmp.1
3. Fig. of persons : sickly, unhealthy.
Ken. Ampry, LEWIS I. Tenet (1736). e.Ken. 'A ampery 'apoth
of cheese,' applied to any one ofa weakly constitution (M.T.). Ken.12
e.Sus. HOLLOWAY. Sus.12, Hmp.1
[Amper, q.v. + -.?.]
AMPLE, adj. Shr. Also written imple Shr.' [a'mpl.]
Complete, perfect.
Shr. Very commonly used (M.L.) ; Shr.1 It wuz all in ample order
agen they comen back.
AMPLEFEYST, sb. ? Obs. Sc. (JAM.)
1. Applied to persons or animals : a sulky humour, a fit
of spleen.
Lth., Rxb. A horse is said to tak the amplefeyst, when he be-
comes restive, or kicks with violence. He's ta'en up an amplefeyst
at me.
2. Unnecessary talk, long stories.
Rxb. We canna be fash'd wi' a' his amplefeysts. [Not known
to our correspondents.]
AMPLUSH, sb. Irel. s.Pem. [a'mpluf, u'mpluf.] A
disadvantage, non-plus, state of unreadiness.
Ir. He was driven at last to such an amplush that he had no other
shift for employment, CARLETON Traits (1843) i. w.Ir. There was
no sitch thing as getting him at an amplush, LOVER Leg. (1848)
II. 472. s.Don. Amplush, a fix, a difficulty ; used also in Munster,
SIMMONS Gl. (1890). s.Pem. I did'n expect it, a took me all on a
umplush (W.M.M.).
[Repr. non-plus.]
AMPLUSH, v. Bnff. Irel. To reduce to a dilemma, con-
fuse in argument.
Bnff.1 w.Ir. He'd have namplushed me long ago, LOVER Leg.
(1848) II. 510.
[See Amplush, sb.~\
AMSCHACH, si. Sc. A misfortune, accident.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Bnff. The vricht [wright] fell
aff o' the reef o' the hoose, an got a gey sehr namschach o' the head
(W.G.). Abd. But there is nae need To sickan an amshach that
we drive our head, Ross Helenore (1768) 284.
A-MULLOCK, adv. s.Wor. Glo. Untidily ; in a con-
fused heap. See Mullock.
s.Wor. Very commonly used (H.K.). Glo. Down er went on
ers backarl a-mullock, BUCKMAN Dai-he's Sojourn (1890) vii.
[A-, on + mullock, q.v.]
AMY FLORENCE, sb. Obs. Nhp.
Nhp.1 Any female loosely, untidily, and tawdrily dressed. She
is quite an Amy Florence. Now nearly obs. [Not known to our
correspondents.]
AN, pron. Sc. n.Cy. ; also Shr. Also written ane Sc.
See One and Yan. [en, an.] One.
Per. A bad ane, a good ane. Mony a ane thinks his neighbour
a coorse ane [coarse person] (G. W.). e.Lth. An' whan the warlock
bodies cuist doun their staves, an' they turned into serpents tae,
Awron's ane stude up on its hint legs an' devoored them a',
HUNTER'/. Inwick (1895) 1102. Edb. The weeane(J.W.L.). Cum.
Git up, my leuvv, my fair an, an" come away, DICKINSON Sng. Sol.
(1859) ii. 10. s.Wm, A dunnan [dun an] and a black an, HUTTON
Dia, Storth and Arnside (1760) 1. 23. n-Yks. It wasn't t'reetan,
TwEDVELLClevel. Rhymes (i8T$)3T. w.Yks.1 He's a bad an. That's
a good an. Shr.2 A bad an.
AN, num. adj. Sc. Nhb. [an, van.] The same,
equal.
Gall. They were fast comrades, being of an age, CROCKETT Moss
Hags (1895) 322. Nhb. Ki Geordy, We leve i' yen raw, weyet,
I' yen corf we byeth _gan belaw, weyet, N. Minstrel (1806-7) pt
iv. 76.
AN, prep. Sc. [an.] By, about the time of, often im-
plying before.
w. & s.Sc. I'll be back an gloaming. It'll be a" by an ye come back
(JAM. Suppl. ). Per. An, before ; not used so frequently as ' gin' or
'gan.' I'll be there an an hour (G.W.).
[Prob. an unstressed form of Sc. agane (see Again),
I'll be back agane gloaming QAM.).]
AN
ANATOMY
AN, cow/.1 Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. n. and w.Yks. Lan.
Der. Also in Nhp. Glo. e.An. Sur. Hmp. Som. Dev.
Written ant Der.1 [an, an.]
1. If; found also in comb. Antle, if thou wilt.
Sc. Ye may gae hame an ye like, HENDERSON Prov. (1832) 58, ed.
1881 ; You'll wash my bluidy wounds o'er and o'er, And see an
they'll bleed nae mair, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads (1806) The Twa
Brothers; An they had ever had the luck to cross the Firth, SCOTT
Midlothian (1818) xi ; I fore-ran A wee wee wife and a wee wee
man ; And sae will I you an I can, CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes (1870)
86 ; The biggest salmon in the river couldna gie Jonah lodgings
an it had been willing, DICKSON Auld Min. (1892) 105. Abd.An it
had been a tyddie pennyworth, I might hae chanc'd to get a mens
[civility] o' her, FORBES Jrn. (1742) 15. Frf. Twenty year syne
we began life taegither, and an it please God we can begin it again,
BARRIE Minister (1891) xxvi. Per. Ye may lauch an' ye like,
neeburs, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush (1895) 278. Twd. February,
an ye be fair, The hoggs'Il mend, and naething pair [lessen] :
February, an ye be foul, The hoggs'Il die in ilka pool, SWAINSON
Weather Flk-Lore (1873) 39. Gall. Whene'er we meet wi' liquor
guid, we'll drink an we be dry, NICHOLSON Hist. Tales (1843) 107.
n.Cy. Antle, an thou wilt (W.W.S.). Nhb.1 An yer gannin the
morn, will ye tyek us wi' ye ? Cum. Tou couldn't mend laws an
tou wad, man, BLAMIRE Poet. Wks. (c. 1794) 210. Wm.1 An tu dus
aa'l [I'll] whack tha. Yks.Antle, GROSE (1790) Suppl. ; He'd a gaed
hame that neight an' thou'd a let him, HOWITT Hope on (1840) xi.
n.Yks.12, m.Yks.* w.Yks.1 An he were. Antot'hed, if thou hadst.
Antul, if thou wilt. It's nout at au, antul believe me, bud a blind,
ii. 297 ; w.Yks.5 An thah doesn't let that aloan al hagel thee rig for
thuh. Lan.1 Aw'll warm thee, an thae does it. ne.Lan.1 He'll
cum an a sed sooa. Der.1 Ant like yo (pbs. 1890). Glo. An, if, but
often joined with ' if.' An he comes here, I will rattle him, GROSE
(1790) MS. add. (H.) e-An.1 An I do. Sur. When skulemaster
talked o' teachin' 'em drawin', I up and told him, an" 'ee did it my
old man should draw more lines on 'ee's back than ever the laads
did a' paper, BICKLEY Sur. Hills (1890) I. xiii. Hmp.1 An I were
back, I'll pay you. w.Cy. The western man saith ' Chud eat more
cheese an chad it,' BLOUNT (1656). w.Som.1 An yiie plaiz [if you
please]. Dev.1 Colloq. If ifs and ans were pots and pans there'd
be no trade for tinkers, Prov.
2. Although. ? Obs.
Sc. Get enemies the mastery over Christ as they will ; He will
ay be up upon them all, an they hadsworn't, GUTHRIE Sermon (i 755)
1 1 GAM.).
3. An if, if. See Nif.
Nhp.1 An if I did, what of that? w-Som.1 An if, the regular
form of if." In rapid common speech itis nearly always contracted
into ' nif.' Neef aay wuz yiie, aay-d zee un daam fuus [if I were
you I would see him d— d first].
4. An as if, as it were.
n.Yks. An as if the getherin' o' tweea armies, ROBINSON Whitby
Sttg. Sol. (1860) vi. 13.
[1. This word is mostly written and in the old writers,
and is identical with lit. E. and, OE. and (ond) ' et.' The
forms and and an both occur in SHAKS. (in old edd.
mostly and] : Ay, my lord, an't please you, J, Caesar, iv.
iii. 258 ; And I were a pope Not only thou, but every
mighty man . . . Sholde have a wyf, CHAUCER C. T. B.
3140. The word and in the sense of ' if ' does not seem to
have come into use bef. the beginning of the i3th cent.
The earliest instance in MATZNER is fr. Laymton, I. 355.
2. An thou wert a lion, we would do so, SHAKS. Love's
L. L. v. ii. 627. 3. An if freq. in SHAKS. : It is not lost ;
but what an if it were? Oth. in. iv. 83 ; An if your wife be
not a mad-woman, M. Ven. iv. i. 445.]
AN, conj." Sc. Wm. Yks. Lan. Glo. Oxf. e.An. Som.
Also written and Not. [an.] Than.
s. & w.Sc. Its mair an ye deserve (JAM. Suppl.). Wm. Warse
an that, BRIGGS Remains (1825) 182. n.Yks.1 Less an hau'f nowght.
e.Yks.1 That's waase an all. n.Lan. The lov's better an wine,
PHIZACKERLEY Sng. Sol. (1860) v. 2. ne.Lan.1 Not. No more and I
(J.H.B.). Glo. Ale seems more solider 'an cider this cold weather,
GISSING Vill. Hampden (1890) I. vi. s.Oxf. Six 'ear younger'n 'im
you was, ROSEMARY Chilterns (1895) 125. e.An.1 Little more an a
half. Nrf. We'll remahmberyar love more 'an wine, GILLETT Sng.
Sol. (1860) i. 4. Som. I don't know any maid I'd sooner zee
about my house . . . an' I would you, RAYMOND Sam and Sabina
(1894)49. w.Som.1 Noauudh'ur waiz-n u naafurul [no other than
a natural(fool)]. Dev. More an that, MOORE Hist. Dev. (.1829) I. 353.
AN, see Anon.
AN-, see On-.
ANA, sb. Obs. Sc. (JAM.) Also written anay. A
river-island, a holm.
Sc. The stones at the head of the anay. Rib. The Ana, or island,
opposite to the library, was many feet under water, Caledon. Merc.
(Jan. 29, 1820).
ANACK, sb. Obs. Hit. A kind of bread.
Hrt. Six several sorts of [oatmeal bread] may be made ... as
your anacks, janacks, &c., ELLIS Cy. Hwf. (1750) 205.
[Anack, a sort of fine bread made of oatmeal, BAILEY
(1721).]
ANAN, see Anon.
ANATE, adj. s.Irel.
Wxf.1 Anate, prepared.
ANATOMY, sb. Sc. Irel. and in gen. use throughout
dial. exc. in se. counties. Also by aphaeresis natomy,
notomy, atomy. The latter form occurs in Nhb.1 w.Yks.2
ne.Lan.1 n.Lin.1 nw.Der.1 Der.2 War. se.Wor.1 Hrf.12
w.Som.1 Dev. Cor.13 ; ottomy w.Yks.14 Nhp.1 ; ottomy
Irel. Chs.1 Der.1 War. ; otomy w.Yks.4 Hrf.1 Glo.1 ; nottamy
n.Cy.1 nw.Der.1 Shr.1 ; notomize n.Yks.12 w.Yks.6 War.
se.Wor.1; ottimaze, ottimize Chs.1 War. See below,
[ana'tami, a'tami, no'tami, o'tami, -aiz.]
1. A skeleton.
Sc. Attamie (JAM.). N.Cy.1 Wm. Wor thor giants alive? . . .
they er net whick I racken, they er what they coo otamys, WHEELER
Dial. (1790) 98, ed. 1821. n-Yks.1 m.Yks.1 Notomise, Notomy.
w.Yks.12; w.Yks.5 He use to goa through a trap-door intul t'cellar
ivvry daay to luke ar it [his money], an' one daay t'trap-door fell
ower him an' clickt him in, an' monny a year at after he wur fun a
notomize. Lan. An gooin obeawt stretes loike o lot o 'notamies,
ORMEROD TK Felleyfro Rachde (1851) i. e.Lan.1 Notomy. Chs.1,
Der.2 Rut. Yon lad's got a good ottamies, 'e 'asn't got a sprained
bonein'isbody(F.P.T.). Nhp.1, War.(J.R.W.) se.Wor.1 Atomize.
Hrf.1, Glo.1 Hnt. Nottomy, Nattomy (T.P.F.). e-An.1
2. A very thin, emaciated person or animal, a ' bag of
bones,' also at/rib.
Sc. She is wasted to a fair anatomy, ROY Horseman's Wd,
(1895) vi. Nhb.1 He's just a bit atomy. She's gyen tiv a fair notomy.
Cum.1 She's dwinnel't away til a atomy. n.Yks.2 He's pined tiv
a notomize, there's nought left on him but a few beeans an a trifle
o' bowels. Chs.1 The child that she carried on her arm was sup-
posed to be witched, for it went into a nottymaze and died
(s.v. Witched). s.Chs.1 Eh, what a nottimize yo bin ; yo dun look
badly. Der.1, nw.Der.1 An-otomy, Nottomy. n-Lin.1, War. (J.R.W.)
Wor. 'Er was that wasted, 'er 'ad got to be a complete natomy, or
frame o' bwones (H. K.). s.Wor.1 Nottomy. se.Wor.1 Shr.1 A cer-
tain faddy mistress ' werrited the poor girld [her maid-servant] till
'er wuz a rael nottamy.' Hrf.2 He's gone to an atomy. Glo.'Natomy,
BAYLIS Illus. Dial. (1870). Oxf.1 Natomy, Notomy. 'Er little un's
nuth'n but a natomy [Uur lit'l unz nuth-n bt u nafumuuy]. Suf.1
He's wasted to a nottamy. 'Tis nawn but a nottomize. Wil.1
Natomy, Notamy, Notamize. Dor. Lookzee didst ever zee zich a
leedle notomy(F.P-). w.Som.iPoor blid ! [blood, i.e. body]her idn
no otherways'n nottomy, her can't make use o' nort. A proper
old nottamy [oa'l nau'tumee]. Atomies, worn-out, wretched
creatures. Dev. ' And pray,' said the bishop, ' were you at all
inconvenienced by keeping the body [a baby] a day longer?'
' Not a bit o't, my lord ; us might have kep' un till these day —
'twas but a poor atomy thing,' Memoir Russell (1878) ix. Dev.3
Mary Ann's babby is a wisht atomy cheel, and by awl tullin'
'er idden long vur thease wordle. Cor. He's thin as a natamus
(H.D.L.) ; Cor.1 Anatomis ; Cor.3 Notomy, a little dried-up man.
Cant. That old dried-up otomy, who ought to grin in a glass case
for folks to stare at, AINSWORTH Rookuiood (1834) bk. in. ii. [Nfld.
Poor John is reduced to a natomy (G.P.).]
3. A pigmy, diminutive person, a small thin ' slip of a
fellow.' Cf. accamy.
wJr. The half of what the dirty little ottomy wasreadin', LOVER
Leg. (1848) II. 475. s.Wxf. (P.J.M.) Lan. Thou little otty-motty !
BRIERLEY Waverloui (1863) 17, ed. 1884. Brks.1 Dost think any-
body 'ud mind a natomy of a chap like thee ?
4. Used contemptuously, of a man.
Lth. He's a big, saft, low-bred, useless anatomy o' a man,
STRATHESK More Bits (1885) 283. War. Though what could make
her take up with a poor notomise of a parson, as hasn't got
enough to keep wife and children, there's One above knows—
I don't, GEO. ELIOT Amos Barton (1858) vi. Dev. A native of
H 2
ANAUNTERS
[52]
ANCHOR-STOCK
Torcross spoke derisively of the caravan-folk who came to the
regatta as ' a passel of old atomies,' Reports Provtnc. (1883) 80.
5. A small portion ; a particle of anything previously oi
larger bulk.
n.Yks.2 There's nobbut an atomy on t left.
[1. An anatomy, sceleton, COLES (1679) ; Scelete, the
whole coagmentation of bones in their natural position,
also an anatomy made thereof . . . which we call a
skelton or skeleton, COTGR. ; Death, death, O amiable
lovely death ! . . . that fell anatomy, SHAKS. K. John, in.
iv. 25, 40. 2. One Pinch : a hungry lean-faced villain,
A mere anatomy, ib. Com. Err. v. i. 238 ; Thou atomy,
thou !— Come, you thin thing, ib. 2 Hen. IV, v. iv. 33.
The forms in -ize, as ottimize, notomise, are prob. due to
anatomise, vb.]
ANAUNTERS, conj., adj. and sb. Usually in pi. In
n. counties to Yks. and Lan. Also written enanters
N.Cy.1 n.Yks. ; anaunter Nhb.1 ; enaunter w.Yks.1 ;
ananters Nhb.1 Dur.1 Cum. Wm. n.Yks. w.Yks.1 ne.Lan.1;
ananthers Wm. n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1 m.Yks.1; enanthers
n.Yks.12 [ana-nt3(r), a'ntar.]
1. conj. Lest, in case that.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Ananters aa get well home. Dur.1 Cum. & Wm.
' A'll just put in a few garden seeds, ananters,' said a village shop-
keeper in sending an order to a customer in the spring (M.P.).
Wm. Step in tae see yaur nebbors en ant er they will be vexed,
WHEELER Dial. (1790) 85, ed. 1840. n.Yks. Ah'd better drop, in
anters 'at Ah gi'es tha ower mitch ov a gud thing, TWEDDELL Clevel.
Rhymes (1875)50; n.Yks.1; n.Yks.2 Ananthus. I'll take my cloak,
ananthers it should rain. ne.Yks.1 Thoo mun stop here ananthers
he cums. m-Yks.1 w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781) ; w.Yks.1
Ananters he does lick us. To mack a girt bloaz, ananters they
spy aleet i t'other beacons, ib. 31, ed. 1834. neXan.1
2. adj. Applied to ' company' dishes.
Cum. & Wm. Ananters pudding, an extra Sunday dish to be used
in case of the arrival of company (M.P.).
3. sb. comp. Poke-anaunters.
Wm. The nickname ' poke-ananthers ' was given to a good-for-
nothing who always carried a bag in case he met with anything
worth picking up (J.M.).
Hence Anaunterscase, conj. lest it should be the case.
N.Cy.1 Nanterscase. n.Yks.2 Nantherskeease. ne.Yks.1 The
form ananthers case was frequently used near Northallerton some
years ago ; but now obsolete, or very nearly so.
[Anger nould let him speake to the tree, Enaunter his
rage mought cooled be, SPENSER Sh. Kal. Feb. 199 ; With
them it fits to care for their heir, Enaunter their
heritage do impair, ib. May, 77 ; An aunter hit nuyede
me, P. Plowman (c.) iv. 437 (an auenture, (B.) in. 279).
An, on+aunter (auenture), OFr. aventure, Lat. adventura.}
ANAUNTRINS, conj. Obs. Nhb. Yks. ; nantherins
n.Yks.2 If so be, peradventure.
n.Cy. (K.) ; N.Cy.2 Nhb. GROSE (1790). n.Yks.2 Nantherins.
w.Yks.1
\Anauntrins, if so be, COLES (1677). A naunter +-ings,
advb. ending ; see above.]
ANBURY, sb. Yks. Lin. Nhp. e.An. Also written
hanbury Nhp.1 Nrf. Suf.1; nanberry n.Yks.2 w.Yks.8
Freq. ambury and anberry. [a'nbari, a'nibari. |
1. A spongy swelling on the bodies of horses or oxen.
n.Yks.2 w.Yks.3 Nanbury, a kind of wart formed on the bag of
a cow. n.Lin.1 Nhp.1 Anberry, a small excrescence at the end of
a horse's nose. . . . We occasionally apply it to a wart on the heel.
e-An.1 Anberry, a small swelling, or pustule, to which horses are
subject on the softest parts of their bodies. Nrf. The hanbery,
a distemper in a horse's heel, which was a watry excrescence,
that would sometimes grow to the bigness of one's fist, LISLE
Husbandry (1757).
2. A disease affecting turnips and other allied plants,
popularly supposed to be due to the puncture of an insect.
n.Cy. Anbury, GROSE (1790) Suppl. Nhp.1, e.An.i Nrf. That
common destructive turnip disease ... in the sandy grounds of
Norfolk . . . [which] is there called anbury [called also fingers-and-
toes], ELLIS Mod. Hush. (I75o) IV. i. 27. e.Nrf. The anbury is a
large excrescence, which forms itself below the apple [i.e. root of
turnip]. It grows to the size of both the hands ; and, as soon as
it is ... brought to maturity, it becomes putrid, and smells very
offensively, MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1787). Suf.1
[1. Ambury (Anbury), a bloody wart on any part of a
horse's body, JOHNSON ; A disease in horses breaking out
in spungy swellings, BAILEY (1721) ; The ambury (in
horses), Verruca spongiosa sanguine plena, COLES (1679) ;
Ambury, Morbus equontm, SKINNER ; Moro, a mulberry-
tree, also a kind of wartle in some horses, called an
anberry, FLORIO. Prob. a variant of Angleberry.j
ANBY, adv. Wil. Dor. Som. Also written amby
w.Som.1 [anbai-, ambai'.] Presently, by and by ; anby
night, to-night.
Wil.1 I be main busy now, but I'll do't anbye. Dor. Anby
(W.W.S.). Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825). w.Som.1
When be gwain ?-— Oh amby, can't go avore. Umbye, used with
' night ' in the sense of 'to-night.' Nif you want to catch'n, look in
to Half-Moon umbye night, 'bout of a nine o'clock.
[Perh. for 'by and by.'— At Yatesbury, n.Wil., the
form used is (or was) present-an-bye, which seems to com-
bine presently and by and by (G.E.D.).]
ANCE, v. Sh. and Or. I.
1. To heed, care for. Usually with negative. See Ant.
Sh.I. (Coll. L.L.B.); Never anse him. Will du no anse me?
[pay attention] (K.I.)*
2. To have regard to, to concern.
Or.I. It is little anced to you (K.M.).
ANCH, see Hance.
ANCHOR, sb. Yks. Lin. Lei. Nhp. Glo. Hmp. Also
written anker w.Yks.24 [a'rjka(r), e'rjka(r).]
1. The chape of a buckle, the part by which it is attached
to the belt, strap, &c.
N.Cy.1 e.Yks.1 MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788). w.Yks.1; w.Yks.s
Enchor. Glo. GROSE (1790) ; Anchor, so called from its holding
fast the strap inserted in it, HOLLOWAY. e.An.1 The part of a
buckle . . . put into a slit in the strap ; so called from some resem-
blance in shape to an anchor. Hmp.1 Wil. The anchor is the
part by which [a buckle] is first fastened : opposed to the tongue
which holds it when fixed, BRITTON Beauties (1825) ; Wil.1
2. The tongue and swivel of a buckle, the part which
pierces the strap and keeps it in place.
w.Yks.24, n-Lin.1 Lei.1 The piece of metal [called also Anchor-
piece] is shaped something like an anchor. The hole in a buckle
through which the strap passes is called the ' mouth ' ; the ' long '
and ' chape ' represent respectively the ' tongue ' and ' chap,' or
' cheek,' of the buckle. Nhp.1 Anchor, the transverse piece of a
buckle which attaches to the chape.
3. An iron tie in a building.
4. Comp. Anchor-piece, see 2.
Lei.1
ANCHOR, v. e.An. Of tree-roots : to anchor out, to
hold fast like an anchor.
e-An.1
ANCHOR-FROST, sb. Lei. Nhp. (i) A frost which
causes ice to form along the bed of a running stream ;
(2) Anchor-ice, q.v.
(i) Lei.1 Nhp.1 This frequently occurs in the neighbourhood of
a mill-stream, and I remember once hearing a miller say, 'We had
a sharp anchor-frost last night, for my pole would stand upright
in the water this morning.' (a) Lei.1
[Bright enough to thaw an anchor-frost on the mill-
wheel, WHYTE MELVILLE in Fortn. Rev. (Nov. 1867) 588.]
ANCHOR-ICE, sb. Lei. Ice formed far below the
surface of the water in a running stream ; ground ice.
Lei.1
ANCHOR-STOCK, sb. Obs. Sc. A large long loaf
of rye, or more rarely of wheaten, bread.
Sc. Anker-stock has been supposed to be so called from ' an
anchorite's stock, or supply for some length of time ' ; or, more
probably, ' from some fancied resemblance to the stock of an anchor,'
SIBEALD Chron. Poetry (1802) (JAM.). Edb. Before Christmas in
Edinburgh large tables of anchor-stocks [appeared] at the head of
the old Fish-market Close. These anchor-stocks, the only species
of bread made from rye offered for sale in the city, were exhibited
in every variety of size and price, from a halfpenny to a half-crown,
Blackiv. Mag. (Dec. 1821) 691 ; A Musselburgh ankerstoke to
slice down for tea-drinkings and posset cups, MOIR Mansie Wauch
(1828) vii ; I have heard my grandmother speak of the anker-
stock loaves she used to buy in the High Street of Edinburgh
(J.W.M.).
ANCIENT
[53]
ANCONY
ANCIENT, sb.1 Som. Naut. [se-nfant.] The ensign or
national colours.
[Ancient, the flag or streamer in the stern of a ship. Probably
from end-sheet (for seamen call the sails sheets), the most likely
name for the flag in the stern : they corruptly speak ' Anshent '
(K.I.] w.Som.1 The Union Jack of a British vessel. In the Bristol
Channel this is the usual term among the fisher-folk. How can
anybody tell what her is, nif her ont show her ancient ?
[Ancient, the flag or streamer of a ship, and, formerly,
of a regiment, JOHNSON; Ancient, or Anshent, a flag or
streamer set up in the stern of a ship, BAILEY (1755).]
ANCIENT, adj. and sb,2 Sc. Irel. Yks. Chs. Not. Lin.
Shr. Suf. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written encient N.I.1
[e-njant, e-nfsnt.] See Old.
A. adj. 1. Old, advanced in years.
Ir. An ould ancient man, BARLOW Bog-land (18931 80. [The
younger brother is the ancienter gentleman, RAY Prov. (1678)
85.] Suf.1 A very ancient man. Dev. 'Auncientl' she ex-
claimed ; ' I'se warrant he's as old as Adam,' BRAY Tamar and
Tayy (1836) II. 4. Cor. ' Ancient ould ' and 'ould ancient' are
often used in conversation. He's an ancient ould fellow (M. A. C.).
2. Cunning, clever.
N.I.1 A sea gull's a very anncient bird.
3. Of children : staid, demure, precocious.
Per. An ancient bairn (G.W.). s.Chs.1 Hoo's an ancient little
thing. s.Not. The lass can mek noise anoo when she likes, for all
she looks so ancient (J.P. K.). Shr.1 Patty wuz a mighty nice
little wench, 'er went about things so stiddy an" ancient. Such
children are said to be ' too ancient to live.'
B. sb. An old man ; quaint, old-fashioned person ; in
pi. ancestors.
w.Yks.1 Antients. n.Lin.1 Well, old ancient, what did Adam
saay when you last seed him? w.Som.1 Well, my old-ancient, how
b'ee ? Her's a proper old-ancient, her is.
[A. 1. This ancient ruffian, sir, whose life I have spared
at suit of his grey beard, SHAKS. K. Lear, n. ii. 67. 2. The
duty of old women is ... to be sober, sage, and ancient,
BECON Chr. Relig. (1564) 521 (N.E.D.). B. Those that
lived in old times were called ancients, JOHNSON ; Can
a man . . . brag of the vertues of his auncients if his
owne life be vitious ? CROSSE Vertues (1603) 21 (N.E.D.).
Cp. Fr. les anciens, (i) the nations of old time, (2) the old
writers, esp. of Greece and Rome.]
ANCIENTNESS, sb. Sc. Antiquity.
Sc. Ancientness, s. v. Ancientry (JAM. Suppl.). Edb. Great folk
pretend to have histories of the auncientness of their families, MOIR
Mansie Wauch (1828) 5.
[Ancientness, ancientry, antiquitas, vetustas, COLES
(1679) ; Anciennete, ancientness, oldness, COTGR.]
ANCIENTRY, sb. Sc. Lan. Also written auncientry Sc.
1. Antiquity.
Cld. They claim great ancientry o' name and bluid(jAM. Suppl.).
2. Precocity.
Cld. The ancientry o' that bairn I dinna like ; he talks like a
gran'father (JAM. Suppl.).
3. Old things, antiquities.
Lan. It's o' cromfull o' ancientry, An' Roman haw-pennies,
WAUGH Sngs. (1866) Eawr Flk. ; Lan.1
[Ancientry, the honour of ancient lineage ; the dignity
of birth, JOHNSON ; Wronging the ancientry (i. e. the old
people), SHAKS. Wint. T. in. iii. 63. Ancient + -ry.]
ANCIENTY, sb. Cor. Antiquity.
w.Cor. That [a cromlech] 's a reg'lar piece of ancientey (M.A.C.).
[Ancienty, ancientness, KERSEY ; Ancienty, eldership,
COLES (1677) ; Ancienty, oldenesse, eldertyme, olde con-
tinuance, BARET ; A gret stane . . . That throu the gret
anciente Was lowsyt, BARBOUR Bruce, vi. 252. AFr.
anciente'.}
ANCITER, see Aunceter.
ANCLE-BAND, sb. Yks. [a-rjkl-band.] A strap for
low shoes ; a shoe with a strap round the ancle.
n.Yks. (J.T.); n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 Ankleband, a strap attached by
its middle to the back of the shoe with the ends meeting in front
of the instep and buttoning upon it. ne.Yks.1 m.Yks. Ah want
a pair o' ancle-bands. Ah've brokken strap o' mv ancle-band
(R.S.).
ANCLE-BELT, sb. Yks. Lan. [e'qkl-belt.] A shoe
for children, nearly like a slipper with a strap round
the ancle.
w.Yks. Ankle-belt in this sense has a very wide use (B.K.).
Lan. Ancle-belt is a familiar word in North Lonsdale (J.R.).
ANCLE- JACK, sb. Cum. Wm. Lan. Nhp. War. Oxf.
Hrt. Dor. Colon. See below.
1. A heavy boot coming above the ancle, sometimes used
in Lan. of laced clogs.
Ctun.(J.P.) Wm. Obsol. (H.D.R.'i Lan. His feet were sheathed
in a pair of clinkered ancle-jacks, WAUGH Besom Ben (1865) i ;
Lan.1, neXan.1, m.Lan.1 Nhp.1 Anclee-jacks or ankle-Johns.
John, or Johnny, is a common generic term for rustics by whom
these articles are worn. War.3 Oxf.1 Ankley-jacks, shoes, strong,
but not water-tight, MS. add. Hnt. (T.P.F.) Dor. He wore
breeches and the laced-up shoes called ankle-jacks, HARDY Madding
Crowd (1874) viii. Colloq. He changed his shoes and put on an
unparalleled pair of ankle-jacks, DICKENS Dombey (1848) xv.
[Aus., N.Z. In a few months' time you come across him on the
gum field in ankle-jacks and ragged shirt, picking up a scanty living,
HAY Brighter Britain (1882) II. 24.]
ANCLE-STRAP, sb. Van dial. See below.
w.Yks. Ankle- strap, a kind of children's shoes, nearly like a
slipper, with a strap to go around the ankle to keep them on the
feet(B.K.); In Keighley the child's shoes fastened with a semi-
detached strap, buttoning in front, are called ancle-straps (J.R.).
Lan. (A.C.) [' Ancle-strap ' I have met with as far south as Bristol,
and I fancy it is common in the Midlands (R.S.).]
ANCLET, sb. Nhb. Wm. Yks. [a-rjklit, e-rjklit] A
gaiter, a short stocking.
n.Cy. Anclet, a gaiter (HALL.) ; N.Cy.1 Anclet, Ancleth, a gaiter.
Nhb.1 Wm.1 Obs. w.Yks.3 A short stocking or sock.
ANCLIFF, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Lan. Chs. Nhp. War. Wor.
Shr. Pern. Glo. Oxf. Sur. Sus. Dor.; not in gloss. ofe.An.
and sw. counties. Also in the forms anklet N.I.1 N.Cy.1
Nhb.1 ; ankley s.War.1 se.Wor.1 Glo.1 Oxf.1 w.Sus. ; an-
cleth Sc. N.Cy.1; anclief N.Cy.1 ; anclif e.Lan.1 Chs.1;
anclee, Nhp.1 War.2; ancley Sur.1 Sus.1 [a'rjklif, a'rjklat,
a'rjklit, a'rjklsb, a'ljklii.]
1. The ancle.
Sc. Hancleth, SIBBALD CArox. Poetry (iSoa) QAM.). N.I.1 n.Cy.
GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.1 Nhb. Te see them hirplin 'cross the floor
Wi anklets shawd, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) a4 i Nhb.1 Lan.
E aktilly pood [pulled] o seek gradely oer his yed as reycht welley
deawn to his ancliffes, ORMEROD Felleyfro Rachde (1864) v ; Lan.1
Yore Jack's knockt his anclef out wi' jumpin. eXan.1, Chs.1
Chs.3 Th' neatest ancliff as ever oi seed. Nhp.1 War.2 Ancler.
se.Wor.1 Shr.1 The maister's bin laid up above a wik 66th a kench
in 'is ancler, an they sen as it'll be a wik or nine days lunger afore
'e'll be about agen. s.Pem. Ankler, LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 419.
Glo.1, Oxf.1, Sur.1 Sus. Turnen he's ancliff, JACKSON Southward
Ho (1894) I. 433 ; Sus1, Dor.1
2. Comp. Ancliff-bone.
Sns.1 e. I have put out my ancliff-bone [sprained my ancle].
[The forms ankley, anclee, go back to OE. ancleow ; cp.
OHG. anchlao, MDu. anclau, Du. enklawe and aenklauwe
(KILIAN). This type is prob. due to form-association
with the word ' claw ' ; see Clee. With the forms anclif,
anclief, cp. MDu. anclief (VERDAM), OFris. onklef (RicHT-
HOFEN), the phonology of which has not been explained.
The forms ancleth, anklet, are possibly developed fr. the
•/form.]
ANCOME, sb. n.Cy. [a'nkum.] An ulcerous
swelling. See Income.
N.Cy.1 Ancome, any swelling or other infirmity not traceable to
any cause, or which has formed unexpectedly. Cum.2
[Ancome, a kind of boil, sore, or foul swelling in the
fleshy parts, KERSEY ; An ancome (felon), furunculus,
COLES (1679) ; Vijt, an ancombe, or a sore upon one's
finger, HEXHAM ; An ancome, adventitius morbus, BARET.
In ME. oncome is used of the plagues of Egypt : pe to]>er
oncome atte him felle Was froskis, Cursor M. 5927. Cp.
ON. dkoma, arrival, visitation, eruption on the skin.]
ANCONY, sb. Stf. Sus. (obs.) and Tech. A term for
a ' bloom,' or roughly wrought piece of iron of a parti-
cular shape ; also comp. Ancony-end.
Sus. Ancony is a bar about 3 feet long : at both ends a square
piece [is] left rough to be wrought at the Chafery, RAY ^1691).
AND
[54]
ANDER
Stf. A Bloom [has] two square knobs at the end, one much less
than the other, the smaller being called the ancony-end, (K.) ; Stf.1
[At the iron-works, in the forge call'd the Finery, they work the
metal by the hammer till they bring it into Blooms and Anconies.
A Bloom is a four square mass of about two foot long wch they
afterwards by heating and working bring to an Ancony, the figure
whereof is in the middle a barr about three foot long of that shape
w^ they intend the whole bar shall be after made, leaving at each
end a square rough piece (K.).]
AND, sb. ? Obs. Sc. Yks. Also Nrf. Also written
eind Sc. ; eynd e.An.1 Nrf. ; yane Yks.
1. The breath ; to take one's einds, to take a breathing
space, pause in any employment.
Sc. His stinking end, corrupt as men well knows, WATSON Coll.
Poems (1706) III. 24 (JAM.) ; Aynd, breath, GROSE (1790) MS, add.
(C.) Abd. And a' were blyth to tak' their einds And club a pint
o' Lillie's Best ale that day, SKINNER Poems (1809) 12, ed. 1859.
Per. Eind. This word is not common (G.W.). n.Cy. I am out of
eand (K.) ; N.Cy.2 Eand. Yks. Yane (K.). n. & e.Yks. A base
stincking yane, MERITON Praise Ale (1684) 564.
2. Sea-mist, ' water-smoke.'
e.An.1 Nrf. The eynd, or water-smoke, as it is called, occurs
mostly between spring and autumn. All at once a damp cold mist
sets in from the sea and spreads at times many miles inland.
Sometimes it remains the whole day, at others not more than an
hour or two, then gradually vanishes. It has a faint smoky appear-
ance, as if entirely distinct from ordinary fog, WHITE c.Eng.
(1865) I. 176 ; Though a resident for nearly half a century in
Norfolk, I never heard the well-known trying fog called eynd, or
by any name like it, N. & Q. (1866) 3rd S. ix. 361.
[He na mocht His aynd bot with gret panys draw,
BARBOUR Bruce, iv. 199 ; Myn and is short, I want wynde,
Towneley Myst. 154 ; An ande, anelitus, Cath. Angl. ; pis
under wynd him gis his aand, Cursor M. 541 (v.r. ande,
ond, onde). ON. andi, breath.]
AND, v. Sc. (JAM.) Obs. Written eind, eynd. To
breathe, whisper, devise, imagine.
[Spiral, ergo vivit, as I wald say, he aindes, ergo he lives,
Ress. betw. Knox and Crosraguel (JAM.) ; ON. anda, to
breathe.]
AND, adv. Yks. [an.] In phr. with comparatives
and . . . and=the . . . the.
Yks. An' more he saw, an' worse he liked it, TAYLOR Miss Miles
(1890) xv.
AND, conj. Sc. Irel. Yks. Chs. Stf. Lei. War. Won GIo.
Oxf. [and, an.]
1. Connecting two adj. or an adj. and a ///. it gives to
the former an advb. force.
e.Yks.1 Fine and [i.e. exceedingly] pleased. Awful and tired,
vexed, unfortunate, &c., MS. add. (T.H.) s.Chs.1 Fine an' vexed.
Stf.2 I'm afeart ar Mary Ann's got lost, 'ers foine an late ony road up.
That apple-pai wur raer an good. Mi feidharz [father's] foin an
drunk taneit. Wor. This table is beautiful and smooth (J.W.P.).
2. To introduce a nominative absolute, sometimes with
ellipsis of v.
Sc. Could I go against my father's orders, and him in prison, in
the danger of his life? STEVENSON Catriona (1893) x. e.Lth. It
wadna be seemly, an' me a deacon, HUNTER J. Inarick (1895) 38.
Ir. See all the people and they laughing ! How could I say it an'
me an me oath ? [said by a witness before the Times Allegations
Commission] (G.M.H.). Kid. I walked in the garden, and hid [it]
in bloom [it being in bloom], Oral ballad (G MM.}.
3. (i) Between two ordinal numbers (the first of which
would be a cardinal in lit. E.) ; (2) in phr. expressing
strong affirmation ; (3) connecting every member of a
clause, and is redundant.
(i) Sc. When Paris was in his twentieth and fourth year,
three goddesses are said to have waited of him, Scotic. (1787) 115;
The twentieth and first verse of the hundredth fortieth and fifth
psalm.iA.gs. (2)Lei.J At public meetingsparticularly it isafavourite
form of expressing assent—' And way wull,' ' And it is.' War.2 ;
War.3 This is common enough in Birmingham but I do not
remember it in rural Warwickshire. (3) Sc. And in and at her
signed an' sealed and ever so, ROSEMARY Chilterns (1895) 6°
4. And is sometimes omitted after vbs. of motion.
Bio. 1 11 go look, GISSING Both of this Parish (,1889) I. 3.
AND ALL, adv. and conj., prop. phr. Sc. Irel. Nhb.
Cum. Win. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Not. Lin. Rut. Lei.
War. Wor. Glo. Oxf. Som. Dev. Written an', [an a,
an o, an ol, an 93!.]
1. adv. "And everything (else), et cetera. Hence : also,
besides, in addition.
Sc. Woo'd and married an' a', BAILLIE Sng. Dmf. The red, red
rose is dawning and a', Rem. Niths. Sng. no (JAM.). Bwk. He
ran to the smith, he ran to the sutor, He ran to the cooper an' a',
HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 133. Nhb.1 An aa, An aal. The
folks was gaun in, so aw bools in an' a', ROBSON Sngs. of Tyne
(1849). Cum.1 We'd breed, an' butter an' cheese an' o', an o'
maks o' drink. Wm. When she saw me she wept ; I wept ano',
HUTTON Bran New Work (1785) 1. 378 ; Wm.1 He's gitten et ano.
n.Yks. An' there's sum canny bit lasses annole, TWEDDELL Clevel.
Rhymes (1875) n ; Tack them reeaks [rakes] wi tha, an' thoo'd
better tack't forks an' all (W.H.). e.Yks. He had ti clame wall ower
wi tar, an he clamed his-sen anole, an neeah mistak, NICHOLSON
Flk-Sf>. (1889) 94 ; e.Yks.1 Bill and Tom went an all. m.Yks.1
Ah's going an' a'll. w.Yks. Whoy, we'n all been up an darn
anole ! BYWATER Sheffield Dial. (1839) 27 ; w.Yks.1 There's Tommy
come an au ; w.Yks.2 Recovering he found himself in a warm
bed, And in a warm fever an' all. Lan. Hoc wanted to kiss
theean' o, WAUGH Sngs. (1866) 8, cd. 1871. ne.Lan. I make nowt
o' poor folk apein th' quality, and when they're deead and all,
MATHER Idylls (1895) 19; ne.Lan.1 An-o. Chs.1 Mun ol come an
aw ? Sometimes reduplicated, ' An all an all.' s.Chs.1 The Lord
do so to me, an more an aw, Ruth (1887) i. 17. s.Stf. Yo'd better
tak me an' all wi yer (T.P.). Stf.2 If the't gooin to th' concert, oi
shud loike ar Turn fur goo an aa. Der.1 An6 [old unoa', mod. unau'].
nwJDer.1 An-aw. Not.1 ; Not.2 An' he did it anall. Lin. She beald
' Ya mun saave little Dick, an* be sharp about it an' all,' TENNYSON
Ovid Rod (1889). n.Lin. Fer he'd sawn wheat agaan that year an'
all, PEACOCK Tales and Rhymes (1886) 70 ; n.Lin1 He wants sendin'
to Ketton [Kirton- in-Lindsey prison], an' a-cat-o'-nine-taails an'-all.
Rut.1 He's not very well, and the weather's rather inferial and all.
Let.1 Let the b'y coom an' all. War.2 Bring your sister and all;
War.3 Have you got your pipe and all and all. se.Wor.1 Ower Tom
a got a good place ; 'e gets five shillin' a wick, un 'is fittle an
all. Glo. Joice'll be there an' all, GISSING Vitt. Hampden (1890)
iii. w.Som.1 1 'sure you, sir, I've a beat-n and a-told to un, and a-
tookt away 'is supper an all, and zo have his father too, but tidn
no good, we can't do nort way un [a truant's mother's answer
to chairman of School Board]. Dev. It had to be all clean and
polished then, kettle and all, O'NEILL Idylls (1892) 49. Colloq.
Down comes the baby and cradle and all, Nursery Rhyme • You talk
o' better food for us, an' schools, an' fires, an" all, KIPLING Brk.
Ballads (1892) Tommy.
2. Expletive or emphatic.
Ir. An you full as a tick, an" the sun cool, an" all an" all, KIPLING
Plain Tales (1891) Private Ortheris; And I thramped afther thim,
. . . carryin' the baskets an' all, BARLOW Bog-land (1893) 45. sJr.
Grand company coming to the house and all, and no regular serving-
man to wait, CROKER Leg. (1862) 285. Cum. We must be off, or
they'll likely be finingme and aw, fornotbeingatt'meeting,//«/z«//y«
in Coriifi. Mag. (Oct. 1890) 380. Lei.1 Way'd such a coomin' o' ege
an' all an' all [i.e. such rejoicings at the coming of age of the young
squire]. Rut.1 Who should come by just then but the Honour-
able and all [though the Hon. A. B. who came up so inopportunely
was unaccompanied]. s.Oxf. She thinks the world an' all o' that
boy, ROSEMARY Chilterns (1895) 38.
3. Truly, indeed.
Cum. It s that dog of Ritson's. ... I thowt he'd [the dog] give it .
back to Watson's yan this time, and, by gocks ! he hes an' aw ; seast
tha Watson's dog goas upo' three? Helvellyn in Comh. Mag. (Oct.
1890) 392. ne.Yks.1 Did you enjoy yourself? — Ah did an" all.
w.Yks. He's a reet un an' all (G.B. W.). s-Chs^The Tories binna
gotten in, bin they ?— They bin, an' aw. Stf.2 Mester inna jed, is i' ?—
He is, an aa.
4. conj. Although.
n.Yks. (I.W.) w.Yks. An' allAhsayitmisen, ther' isn't abetterlad
livin' ner ahr Johnny (JE.B.) ; The use in the sense of 'although'
is unusual (G.B.W.).
[1. And you and all, & te quoque etiam ; ... He had
lost his faith and all, Perdidisset fidem quoque, ROBERTSON
(1693)-]
ANDER, sb. Sh.I.
ShJ. A porch before a door (W.A.G.). S. & Ork.1
[ON. ond (gen. andar), a porch, lit. the place over
against the door (and-dyn), (VicFussou).]
ANDERN
[55 1
ANEAST
ANDERN, ANDERS, see Undern.
ANDERS, sb. ? Obs. e.Yks.
e.Yks. Drift ice in extended masses brought up by the tide and
stranded along the beach. The word is said to be in common use
by fishermen and others at Spurn, Lin. N. & Q. (Apr. 1891) 180.
[Not known to our correspondents.]
ANDIER-DOGS.sZ-.//. I.W. Andirons.
I.W.' Anjur-dogs, kitchen utensils for the spit to run on.
[For etym. see Andirons, and cp. An-dogs.]
ANDIRONS, sb. pi. Yks. Lan. Also written end-irons
w.Yks.5 [e'ndaianz.]
A pair of movable iron plates to contract the fire-
grate.
n.Yks. Endirons (I.W.). e.Yks. Rur. Econ. (1641) 175. w.Yks.5
Lan.1 Put them endarns in, an id'l nod [it will not] brun so monny
coyls.
[In the dial, the word is understood and pron. as if it
were end-irons, the irons at the ends of the fireplace.
The lit. E. andirons had already been altered in form from
association with the word iron. Andiron, from a chimney,
sustentaculutn ferreum, BARET. The older form of the
word was andier : I lacke a fyre pan and andyars to bere
up the fuel, HORMAN. AFr. andier (Moisv), OFr. andier
(mod. landier).}
ANDLE, sb. Der. [a'ndl.] An anvil, stithy.
Der.2, nw.Der.1 [GROSE Pegge Suppl. (1814).]
[Repr. ME. forms of ' anvil' (OE. onfilti), with change
of prefix from an- to and- : They smyte on the stythye
or andvell, CAXTON G. Leg. 358 ; Golde . . . bitwene j>e
andfelde and )>e hamoure strecceb in to golde foyle, TREVISA
Earth. (N.E.D.) Cp. SHERWOOD : An andvil, voyez, an anvil.]
AN-DOGS, sb. pi. Shr. Glo. Som. Dev. [ae-ndogz.]
Andirons, the bars which support the ends of logs on a
wood fire, or in which a spit turns.
Shr.1 Andogs, 0*5. Glo. An-dogs, so called from the dogs' heads
with which they were anciently ornamented, GROSE (1790) MS.
add. (H.) Som.(F.H.) w.Som.1 [Andogs] are still very commonly
used in farm-houses, and others where wood is burnt. They are
well described in the old-fashioned riddle, ' Head like an apple,
Neck like a swan, Back like a long-dog, And dree legs to stan.'
In large old-fashioned chimney-places it was usual to have two
pairs of irons. The dogs, which were the most used, were at the
middle of the hearth, and bore the fire always. The andirons
stood on each side, and were only needed when an extra large
fire was wanted. The latter, much larger and heavier, usually had
some ornamental finish, as a brass head, a scroll, or a knob, and in
kitchens the upright part of the iron was furnished with a row of
hooks, one over the other, on the side away from the fire. On
these hooks rested the great spit on which the meat or poultry was
roasted. Both 'andirons 'and 'dogs' have now become ' hand-dogs '
(s.v. Hand-dogs). Dev. 'Andugs, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 46.
n.Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
[Another common name for ' andirons ' was ' fire-dogs '
or ' dogs.' An-dogis prob. a contamination of these two
words. Cp. Fr. chenet (der. of Men, dog), an andiron. See
Andier-dogs.]
ANDOO, v. Sh.I. Also written andow. To keep a
boat stationary by gentle motion of the oars.
Sh.I. (Coll. L.L.B.); (W.A.G.) S.& Ork.1 Andoo, to keepaboat
in position by rowing gently against wind or tide.
[ON. and-of, a paddling with the oars, so as to bring
the boat to lie against wind and stream.]
ANDORN, see Undern.
ANDRA, see Undern.
ANDRAMARTIN, sb. Irel. A silly trick ; nonsense.
Lns. In use all over this district, Dublin included (P.J.M.).
s.Wxf. Oh, musha, Mick, don't be goin' on with your andra-
martins ! McCALL Fenian Nights in Shamrock Mag. (1894) 428 ;
Don't think your andramartins can be carried out unknowns! to
every one, ib. 453.
ANDREA FERRARA, sb. Obs. Sc. A Highland
broadsword.
Sc. Basket hilts, Andra Ferraras, leather targets, SCOTT Rob Roy
(1817) xxiii ; There was risk of Andro Ferrara coming in thirdsman,
ib. Midlothian (1818) xxiv. Edb. With a weel-sharpened, old, High-
land, forty-second Andrew Ferrary, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) 36.
[The blades are commonly marked Andrea on one
side and Farara or Ferara on the other. The swords
known by this name among the Scotch Highlanders
were basket-hilted broadswords. It is asserted by
Italian writers that these were made at Belluno in
Venetia by Andrea Ferara and his two brothers (CD.).]
ANDREN, ANDREW, see Undern.
ANDREW, sb. Yks. Suf. Ess.
1. St. Andrew's Day, Nov. 30 ; also allrib. Obs. See
Saint Andrew.
w.Yks. In candles for ye Ringers ringing at ye Income of Andrews
ffare, i*, Ace. Bradford Prsh. Chivardens (1683). Ess. From April
beginning, till Andrew be past, So long with good huswife, hir
dairie doth last, TUSSER Husbandrie (1580) 106, st. 19.
2. A clown, mountebank.
Suf. Andrer (F. H.). Ess. Then the Andraas play'd sich tricks,
CLARK /. Noakes (1839) 23 ; Ess.1 Andraa.
[2. See Merry-Andrew.]
ANDREW MASS, sb. Sc. Yks. Lin. The festival of
St. Andrew.
Per. The name of Andirmess market is still given to a fair held
at this season in Perth (JAM.) ; Andirmas [Anermas] market was
not held last year [1895] on St. Andrew's Day. All the fairs
were upset by the public auction of cattle at populous centres
(G.W.). e.Yks. The best time for frost and snowe is about a week
afore St. Andrewmasse, BEST Rur. Econ. (1641) 76. w.Yks.1
Andersmas. n.Lin.1 Andremas, obs.
[For the servese bouke at Sant Andrames vij8, Kirton-
in-Lindsey Ch. Ace. 1581 (ap. n.Lin.1). Andrew + mass.]
ANDRUM, see Undern.
ANDSELL, see Hansel.
ANDURION, sb. Lan. (Ormskirk). Eupatoriutn canna-
binum, hemp agrimony.
ANE, see Awn.
ANEAN, prep. Lin. [ania'n.] Beneath.
Lin. My wife a life she leadeth me Like a toad anean a roll,
E. PEACOCK John Markenfield (1874) !'• 84- n.Lin. Anean th' esh,
M. PEACOCK Tales and Rhymes (1886) 74 ; nXin.1 You'll find th'
almanac anean Bible up o'th parlour taable.
[A-, on + nean, ME. necfen, OE. neooan, below.]
ANEAR, adv. and prep. Irel. Nhb. Stf. Lin. Lei. Nhp.
War. Wor. Glo. Som. Cor. [ania'(r).]
1. adv. Close by, near.
Ir. But anear or afar on the win' comes a flicker of the crathur's
cry, BARLOW Bog-land (1893) 181. Stf.2 Th' doctor niwer come
anear aw that day. Lei.1 Anear, not as common as ' anigh.' War.2
Yo' ain't anear when yer wanted. He never came anear all day ;
War.3, Glo.1
2. Nearly.
nXin.1 s.Wor. 'E 'an't anear done it (H.K.).
Hence Anearly, adv. nearly.
n.Lin.J
3. To the point, esp. in phr. What's anear?
Cor.2 What's anear, MS. add. ; Cor.3 What's anear ? [what has
that to do with the question ?] That's naught anear.
4. prep. Near, close to.
Nhb.1 Dinna gan anear the waiter. The kettle's boilin' ; dinna
gan anear'd. s.Stf. Do' let him come anear me, PINNOCK Blk. Cy.
Ann. (1895). Lei.1 Nhp.1 Don't come anear me. War.2 Don't
go anear him. s.Wor. I dus'n't come anear 'im (H.K.). Som.
JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng. (1869). Cor. She is so cross I'm afeard
to go anear her (M.A.C.).
[1. Now seems it far, and now a-near, SCOTT Last
Minst. v. xxxi. 2. The lady shrieks, and well anear Does
fall in travail with her fear, SHAKS. Per. in. Introd. 51.
A- (pref.w) + near.]
ANEARST, prep. Wor. Glo. Oxf. I.W. Som. Dev.
[ania-st.] Near, close to.
Wor. Ow con 'ee live anearst thot 'ooman ? OUTIS Vig. Man.
mWor.Jm. Glo.2 Annearst Oxf.1 I.W.1 Don't goo aneerst 'em ;
I.W.2 Don't goo annearst the mare, she med fling at ye. Som.
SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885). n.Dev. I will not go anearst him,
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
[A- (pref.10) + nearest.]
ANEAST, prep. Sc. Wor. Glo. Som. Dev. Cor. Also
written anest, aneest, aneist Cor.1 [ania-st, ania's.]
Near, near to.
Ayr., Rxb. The auld wife aniest the fire She died for lack of
snishing, Herd's Collection (1778) II. 16; Off I sets for the gray
stone anist the town-cleugh,.B/acAa<. Mag. (Nov. 1820) 201 (JAM.).
ANEATH
[56]
ANENT
Wor. I could not get aneist him (W.A.S.). Glo. 'Er never bin
aneist I sinz, BUCKMAN Darkens Sojourn (1890) 120. Som. Aneast
en, near him, JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; An' she right
down aneast the ricks, RAYMOND Love and Quiet Life (1894) 209.
w.Som.1 Twaud-n ee% ee nuvu'r waud-n unee'us-n [it was not he,
he never was near him]. Used only with vbs. implying motion.
It would never be said ' The house is aneast the road ' : ' handy ' or
' home beside o' ' would in that case be used. In the example
above, ' never was near ' implies ' never went near.' Dev. Best
hire ma? Come aneest me, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 80 ; I won't go
aneest en, MOORE Hist. Dev. (1829) I. 353. n.Dev. They'm close
aneest the yeat, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) St. 47. Cor. I'd not go
anes en to gat the King's crown, J. TRENOODLE Spec. Dial. (1846)
43; Cor.1 1 caan't bear him to come aneist me; Aneest, some-
times Anest, Anist.
[A- (pref.10) + nearst (nearest), superl. of near.}
ANEATH, prep. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Lan. Der. Brks. [anr}>,
ania-jj.] Beneath.
Sc. Aneath the auld portcullis, SCOTT Redg. (1824) xi ; I was
a wean aneath her art, ALLAN Lilts (1874) 24 ; I sat down aneath
his shadow, ROBSON Sng. Sol. (1860) ii. 3. Sh.I. Anaeth da fit o
iron-shod Despair, BURGESS Rasmie (1891) 118. Abd. Then sat
she down aneth a birken shade, That spread aboon her, Ross
Helenore (1768) 67, ed. 1812. Frf. Mistress Ogilvy aye lookit on
Chirsty as dirt aneath her feet, BARRIE Thrums (1890) 16. Per.
It wud be a heartsome sicht taesee the Glen a' aneath ae roof aince
a week, IAN MACLAREN Auld Lang Syne (1895) 33. Gall. It was
a new sermon o' his granfaither's, daecent man, him that lies aneath
the big thruch stane in the wast corner o' the kirkyaird, CROCKETT
Stickit Min. (1893) 102. Bwk. Aneath the soughin hawthorns,
HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 83. Nhb.1 Where's the maister?
— He's aneath the steeth. Cum. But I cower aneath their look,
GILPIN Ballads, 3rd S. (1874) 203. neXan.1 Der. Drive him
aneath th' tawest whoke tree, CUSHING Voe (1888) I. ix. Brks.1
[A-, on + neath (in beneath)^
ANEEND, see On end.
ANEK, see Neck.
ANEMT, see Unempt.
ANENT, prep. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Stf. Der. Lin. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Rdn. Glo. Brks.
Ken. Hmp. Wil. Also written anant w.Wor.1 se.Wor.1 •
anont Glo.1 Wil.1 ; anunt Hrf.12, Glo.1 Wil.1 The form
anenst, too, is used in Sc. and all the n. counties of Eng
to Der., also War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Brks. Ken. Also
sne'nst]
1. Opposite, in front of; in comparison with.
Sc. Set them up on this bit peat Anent the cutchack, BEATTIES
Panngs (1801) 3; The Farmer sits anent the light An' reads a
piece o' Wallace wight, it. 26 ; And syne the mare through the
wall anent her set up sic a scraichin, Roy Horseman (1895) 336 ;
Is naething anent them ava— ah na, ALLAN Lilts (1874) 278. Gall.
The bonny corn that had grown so golden on the braes anent the
isle, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) vii. N.Cy.1 Nhb. Till nenst aa'd
Lizzy Moody's, Monthly Chron. n.Cy. Lore (1887) 377; Nhb.1,
Dur.1 Cum. 'Anenst' is more common than 'anent' (M.P.).
Wm. & Cum.1 Anenst it, about a styan throw aff, 128. Wm.
Ameeast anenst Parliament Hooses theear was a girt whappan
kirk, CLARKE Spec. Dial. (1868) Jonny Shippard. s.Wm. Annent
aur Hause Dur, HUTTON Dia. Storth and Arnside (1760) L 34. Yks.
But when he comes anent her Shoo gies him sich a smile, Garl.
(1873) la. n.Yks.1 Set your name in this spot, anenst his [over
against his]; n.Yks.3, m.Yks.' w.Yks.GROSE (i19o)MS. add.(C.)\;
If thear happans ta be a vacant seat anent yo, doant put yer mucky
teet up on ta it, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1861) 7 ;
An umberella cummin wi t'point fair anent yo-is a thing ta mind,
10. (1873) 53 ; Maks ya feel as small as thieves Anent a magistrate
PRESTO* ,Natterin Nan (1872) st. 5; Does ta think tha could domeabit
llcTs a&^fi7',H,ARTLoEY ClockAlm- ('873); Anenst'church,
bCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) ; w.Yks.1 1 prisently spies him i"
ouer hay claas, onf heeadland, anent waw, ii. 295. Lan. Reetanent
w eanenst Ollinorth,5«m Sondknocker,
3- Lan.1 We stopt anenst th'yate. Chs.1" s.Stf. He had it al
there anunst him bodily, MURRAY Rainbow Gold (1886) 80 • A house
right anunst the Bull's Head, PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. '(Xf Stf.1
Der. GROSE (1790) ; Der.*, nw.Der.i n-Lin.1 I was anent to him.
War. (J.R.W.), s.War.1 Wor. GROSE (1790); I lightened ov
'im anonst 'is 'ovel, OUTIS Vig. Man. in Wor. Jrn. w.Wor.1 Thaay
lives right anenst we. se.Wor.1 Put them there faggits down
anant the door. s.Wor.1 Shr. Suddenly the horses stopped short,
right anunst the witch's house, BURNE Flk-Lore (1883) 152 ; Shr.1
If yo'n follow the rack alung that green leazow, yo'n see a stile right
anunst yo'. Hrf. Hur swore as hursid him . . . down in th' ditch ov
the road anunt his oawn door, Why John (Coll. L.L.B.); Maister,
be I ur gwoy-in ter orrer th' pens anunt th' voller vild ? (Coll.
L. L.B.); Hrf.2 I took a front seat, [in church] right up anunst the
turkey [i.e. the brass eagle lectern]. Glo. Enunty, over against,
over anent, directly opposite, GROSE (1790) MS, add. (M.) ; ' How
far off?' I asked. 'Why, here, just close anent 'ee, BUCKMAN
Darke's Sojourn (1890) xviii ; Glo.1 2, Ken.1 2, Hmp.1, Wil.1
2. Against, near, in proximity to.
Sc. Fodder thy lammies anent the shepherd's shielins [tents],
ROBSON Sng. Sol. (1860) i. 8. Ir. Butshureyou can stop anent the
town at the blacksmith's an' have it set right, McNuLTY Misther
O'Ryan (1894) iv. n.Yks. Yan o' t'lads gat hissel' croppen oop
closeanenstlathe-deear,ATKiNsoN^/oor/. Parish (1891) 55; n.Yks.1;
n.Yks.2 I sat close anenst 'em. ne.Yks.1, e.Yks.1 m.Yks.1
Anenst, against. w.Yks. I sat me down anent him, BRONTE Agnes
Grey (1847) xi ; A passenger at sat anent ma, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE
Manch. Exhibition (1857) ; Awst throw me daan anent her feet,
HARTLEY Puddiri (1876) 63 ; Aw dooant envy th' Queen on her
throoan when awm sittin anent thee, ib. Seets (1895) ii ; w.Yks.5
That tree anent t'church. He's cloise anent him. neXan.1 War.
He run right anunt the wall (J.B.) ; War.8 Stand anent the hedge.
In common use near Stratford-on-A von. w.Wor. Helives,sur,anant
the church, S. BEAUCHAMP Grantley Grange (1874) I. 31 ; w.Wor.1
Put down them faggits anant the door. s.Wor. Ananst, Anunst,
against (H.K.). Hrf.12. Glo. Where did you leave cider and tot ? —
Anont thick ash tree (J.D.R.) ; Glo.1
8. Side by side with, in a line with.
Sc. Trail'd by horses at a slow jog trot Scarce fit to haud anent
an auld wife on her foot, ANDERSON/3(W>«5(i8i3) 71 (JAM.). w.Yks.3
A cricket-ball in a line with the wicket is anent it ; w.Yks.5 Soldiers
abreast are ' anenst ' each other, or 't'oan anenst t'other,' as it would
beexpressed. Rdn. Anent, alongside of, MORGAN Wrfs.(i88i). Glo.1
4. About, concerning, with regard to.
Sc. Summonsed all the neighbouring princes to a conference,
anent the injury done by Paris, Scotic. (1787) 116; GROSE (1790)
MS. add. (C.) ; To see what can be done anent your affairs,
SCOTT Rob Roy (1817) xxii ; To raise scandal anent them, ib. Mid-
lothian (1818) ii ; Touching that round monticle . . . anent whilk I
have heard, ib. Leg. Mont. (1830) ii. Gall. The black dog was
sitting heavy on him at the thought of the fine anent harbourers of
rebels, CROCKETT Moss Hags (1895) 84. N.Cy.12 Yks. Anenst
(K.). n.Yks.2 What say you anent it. w.Yks. LUCAS Stud. Nidder-
dale (c. 1882) 229. Chs.1 ; Chs.3 I know nought anent him.
5. Towards, by way of contribution to.
N.Cy.1 The cash was paid nenst her year's rent. n.Yks. I'll give
you something anenst that [to help you to buy it] (I.W.) ; n.Yks.2
I gav a pund anent it [the subscription].
6. In competition with.
Sc. Could modern heads, wi' philosophic wit, Wi' argument
anent an auld wife sit, ANDERSON Poems(iSi3) 73 (JAM.). w.Yks. If
tha drinks, I'll drink anent tha (S.K.C.) ; w.Yks.3 A lass dresses
anent a lady in trying to rival her.
7. In turn with.
e.Lan.1 If Jack works at a machine in the forenoon and Jim
works at the same machine in the afternoon, Jack and Jim are
said to work anenst each other. s.Stf. The mon what works
anunst me [i. e. the man who does at night the same work which
the speaker does in the day-time, or vice versa], PINNOCK Blk. Cy.
Ann. (1895).
8. With.
w.Yks. We'll tak'a sack anent us, GRAINGE Nidderdale (1863) 225.
9. By such a time.
Lan. THORNBER Hist. Ace. Blackpool (1837) 106.
10. Nearly, thereabouts ; also used as adv. as in phr.
anenst about the matter.
Glo. They use ' anent ' in place of ' or more,' meaning ' nearly,
close upon,' ELLIS Pronunc. (1889) V. 65. Brks. When they
would say 'nearly' or 'thereabouts,' they say 'anenst about the
matter,' NICHOLS Bibl. Tofog. Brit. (1783) IV. 56, ed. 1790. Hmp.
Nens as he was. Pretty nens one [pretty much the same], JV. & Q.
(1854) ist S. x. 120; Hmp.1 [Anenst the matter (K.).]
[1. A brothir with brothir stryveth in dome, and that
anentis unfeithful men, WYCLIF (1382) i Cor. vi. 6.
ANERLY
[57]
ANGISH
2. Anent, juxta, COLES (1679); Gawlistoun That is rycht
evyn anent Lowdoun, BARBOUR Bruce, vm. 124. 3. Him
on efn lige¥> ealdorgewinna, Beowulf, 2903. 4. Anent
(concerning), De, COLES (1679) ; Anentis men this thing
is impossible ; but anentis God alle thingis ben possible,
WYCLIF (1388) Matt. xix. 26. OE. on efen (efn, etnn),
on even (ground) with, whence, side by side with, oppo-
site, in view of.]
ANERLY, adv. and adj. Sc. Yks. Also written yan-
nerly n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1 m.Yks.1 [a'narli, ya'narli.]
1. adv. Alone, lonely, solitary.
Sc. Anerly, Anyrly (JAM.). n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1 He left her all
yannerly at home. Whya ! yoor maistther's geean doon ti
Whidby ; you'll be quite yannerly.
2. Comp. All-anerly, quite alone.
Sc. The next time that ye bring ony body here, let them be
gentles allenarly, SCOTT Bride of Lam. (1830) xxvi.
3. adj. Fond of retirement, shy.
Sc. (JAM.). n.Yks.2 Annerly ways, unsocial habits. m.Yks.1
Yannerly, unyielding, rudely retiring, or unsocial in manners.
4. Selfish, absorbed in one's own interests.
n.Yks.2 A yannerly soort of a body. m.Yks.1
[1. Thai said that he ... duelt . . . With a clerk with
him anerly, BARBOUR Bruce, n. 58 ; Thai . . . That saw
him stand_thair anerly, ib. vi. 132. Anerly, der. of Sc. am,
one, OE. an(e); the -eris prob. due to compar. formations ;
cp. formerly, latterly.]
ANERY, Sc. A term occurring in a rhyme of children,
used for deciding the right of beginning a game. Several
versions are still current.
Per. A version of this rhyme ' Anery, twarie,' is quite familiar
(G.W.). Lth. Anery, twaery, tickery, seven, Aliby, crackiby,
ten or eleven ; Pin-pan, muskidan, Tweedlum, twodlum, twenty-
one, Blackw. Mag. (Aug. 1821) 36.
ANES, see Even.
ANEW, prep, and adv. Obs.'i Sc. QAM.) Below,
beneath.
Abd. [Not known to our correspondents.]
ANEWST, prep, and adv. Hrf. Glo. Oxf. Brks. Ken.
Sus. Hmp. I.W. Dor. Wil. Som. Also by aphaeresis newst
Glo. Wil? ; neust Brks. I.W.1 Wil.1 ; neoust, noust Wil.1
Also written anoust Glo. Wil.1 ; annaust Glo. ; enewst
Glo.1; aneoust Hrf.1 Glo. Brks.1 Wil.1 Som.; aneust
Glo.1 Brks. Hmp.1 I.W.1 Wil.1; newse (K.). [anhrs,
aniu'st. | See below.
1. prep. Of place : near, hard by, over against.
Hrf.1 Aneaoust. Brks.1 I zin 'in aneoust the chake pit [saw him
near the chalk pit]. Ken.1, Sus.2, Sus. & w.Cy. RAY (1691).
Som. Dwon't ye come anuost yer zister ta vessy wi' er, JENNINGS
Dial. w.Eng. (1869) 143.
2. Nearly, approximating to, almost.
Glo. Anaust a handful or spoonful, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
3. adv. Of manner or degree : nearly, approximately,
about.
Hrf.1 Neaous. Glo.1 Near anoust. Oxf. Neaust, Newse, Aneus.
There or there aneus (K.). Brks. GROSE (1790) ; Brks.1, Ken.2
Sus. RAY (1691) ; Sus.12 Hmp. Anybody med newst so well be
made love to by a owl, MAXWELL GRAY Heart of Storm (1891) I.
192 ; Hmp.1 I.W. Tell me aneuse the time of the day, MONCRIEFF
Dream in Gent. Mag. (1863) 1. 32 ; I.W.1 Neuce the seyam ; I.W.2
She do goo on ... jest as if she was missus. D'ye think the wold
man's married to her 1 — I dunno, but I louz "tes anewse the saame.
Dor.1 Anewst the seame. Wil.1 What is it a clock ? — A newst one.
Which of the two is oldest ? — They are newst of an age. Which
of those things are best ? — They are anewst alike. Som. SWEETMAN
Wincanton Gl. (1885).
4. Resembling, like.
Glo. 'Ee's a bit aneist 'is feyther (S.S.B.) ; Glo.2
6. In phr. anewst of anewstness, ' much of a muchness,'
nearly alike ; anewst the matter, nearly right ; near anewst.
Glo. GROSE (1790) Suppl. MS. add. (P.) ; Glo.1 Brks. ' Neust of
a neustness," an expression very current, RAY Prov. (1678) 225.
ed. 1860. Wil. BRITTON Beauties (1825); Wil.1 Which of these
things are best ? — They are a newst of a newstness. Oxf. Neaust
the matter (K.) ; (M.W.) I.W.1 Neuce the matter ; I.W.2 Anewse
the matter. Glo. Near a neawst, near ye matter, RAY (1691) MS.
add. (J.C.) 108.
[1. Arente, aneust, very neere unto, FLORID (1611) ;
VOL. I.
Waes 'Saer on neaweste hus, BEDA, v. 14. 2. Anewst
almost, COLES (1677). Anewst=A-, on + newsl; OE. neah-
zvist, nearness, neighbourhood ; cp. ON. na-vist, presence,
OHG. nah-wist.}
ANG, sb. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. [an, erj.] The
beard of barley or wheat.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; HOLLOWAY ; N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Cum. MORTON
Cyclo. Agric. (1863); Cum.2 Wm. FERGUSON Northmen (1856)
169 ; Wm.1 T'barley angs sticks tew mah. w.Yks. HUTTON Tour
to Caves (1781). Lan.1, ne.Lan.1
[This form is prob. ofScand. origin, ant* representing an
older agn, by metath. of g ; cp. Sw. ag?z,"ON. ogn, an awn.]
ANG, see Ampery.
ANGALUCK, sb. Sh.I. An accident, a disaster.
Sh.I. Angaluck (JAM. Suppl.). S.&Ork.1
[Cp. Du. ongeluk, misfortune.]
ANGEL, in comp. and comb, (i) Angel-fish, a fish of the
shark family ; (2) -maine, see Angel-fish ; (3) Angels'
eyes, the plant germander speedwell ; (4) -shark, see
Angel-fish ; (5) Angel's pincushion, a plant, the Devil's
Bit, Scabiosa succisa ; (6) -swaine, see Angel-fish.
(i) Cor.2ByArtedicalledtheMermaid-fish,M5.rtrfrf. [Angel-fish,
-maine, -shark, -swaine, Squatina angelus (SATCHELL).] (2) Cor.1 2
Angelmaine, the Monk fish, Sqtiatina angelus. (3) Dev. The sweet
germander speedwell, . . . here, most poetically, named by the
peasantry Angels' eyes, GOSSE Dartmoor in Intell. Obs. (1863) 318
(N.E.D.); Around her hat a wreath was twined Of blossoms
blue as southern skies ; I asked their name, and she replied, We
call them Angels' Eyes, Garden (June 29, 1872); Angels' eyes,
Veronica chamoedrys. (5) Dor. Angel's pincushion, the Devil's Bit
scabious (G.E.D.).
[An angel-fish (scale), Squatina, COLES (1679).]
ANGER, sb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. [a'na(r).]
1. Inflammation.
Cum. & Wm. That finger 'ill gedder, ye'll see. Ther's a deal o'
ang-er and heat aboot it (M.P.). n.Yks.2 My leg's full o' anger.
wYks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (May 16, 1891). n.Lan. (W.H.H.)
2. Rashness.
n.Yks.2 They should hae had mair wit i' their anger.
[1. Rawness and anger (in that dialect, wherein we call
a sore angry), HAMMOND (1659) On Ps. Iviii. 9 (N.E.D.) ;
I made the experiment, setting the moxa where the first
violence of my pain began, and where the greatest anger
and soreness stifl continued, notwithstanding the swelling
of my foot, TEMPLE Misc. (JOHNSON).]
ANGER, v. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Dev.
1. To vex, irritate, make angry.
Sc. I couldna but laugh, though it sore angered my mother to
see me do't, WHITEHEAD Daft Davie (1876) 139. Wxf.1 Angerth,
angered, angry. Nhb. Me muthor's bairns gat angort at us, ROBSON
Sng. Sol. (1860) i. 6 ; Nhb.1 n.Yks. Mah mother's bairns were
angered at mah, ROBINSON Whitby Sng. Sol. (1860) i. 6. w.Yks.2
Dev. Tain't safe to anger she, O'NEILL Idyls (1892) 23.
2. To inflame, irritate (of a wound).
n.Yks.1 Hoo's Willy's leg t'morn ? — Whyah, it's nae better. It's
desput sair and angerd ; n.Yks.2 Lan.1 Yon lad's foot gets no
betther; he's bin walkin' this mornin', an his stockin' mun 'a
angert it. m.Lan.1 When yo're towd nod to anger a soore place.
[1. 'Twould have anger'd any heart alive To hear the
men deny't, SHAKS. Macbeth, HI. vi. 15; Beware howe
you anger hym, garder vous de le corroucer, PALSGR.
2. Itch most hurts when anger'd to a sore, POPE Donne
Sat. iv. 119. ON. angra, to grieve, vex.]
ANGER-BERRY, see Angle-berry.
ANGERIE.s*. Sh.I. (JAM. Suppl.} A crowd, multitude.
ANGERLY, adj. n.Yks. [a-rjali.] Fierce, raging.
n.Yks.2
[The word is very rare in E. as an adj. Byron so uses
it : (He) was angerly, but tried to conceal it, MOORE Life
(N.E.D.). Anger, sb. +-fy. Cp. ON. angrligr, sad.]
ANGISH, sb. and adj. Irel.
1. Poverty.
Wxf.1 Lim. I have heard this word used in the sense of poverty,
wretchedness, misery , by the very common people. Seldom used at
..
2. adj. Poverty-stricken.
Ir. The poor man is angish enough (J.F.M.F.).
ANGLE
[581
ANGRY
Hence Angishore, a poverty-stricken creature.
sJr. 'Angishore" was and is in very common use ; a miserable
creature in poverty and wretchedness, almost exactly equivalent
to what we mean by our epithet, ' a poor devil ' (P. W.J.). s.Wxf.
Give the poor angashore a chance, Humour oflrel. (1894) 391.
3. Sickly, unhealthy.
Ir. A delicate, pale, miserable-looking child would be called 'an
angish creather' 'J.F.M.FA Wxf. Angish, very poorly (J.S.).
[This word is due to a Gael, use and pronunc. of lit.
E. anguish in the s. of Irel. — aingis.]
ANGLE, sb.1 Yks. Der. [a'nl.]
1. A small hook.
m.Yks.1 A small hook, as a fishing-hook.
2. Comp. Angle-rod (obs.), a fishing-rod.
Der.1
[1. Go to the see and cast in thyne angle, TINDALE
Matt. xvii. 27 ; Gang to ¥sere sae and wurp Sinne angel
fit, OE. vers, (ib.) OE. angul, cp. ON. 6'ngull, a fishing-
hook. 2. He makes a May- fly to a miracle; and furnishes
the whole country with angle-rods, ADDISON Sped. No.
108 ; An angle-rod, Pertica Piscatoria, COLES (1679);
Before you undertake your tryal of skil by the angle-
rod, WALTON Angler (1653) 170.]
ANGLE, sb* Som. Dev. [ae'rjl.] A worm used in
fishing, an earthworm.
w.Som.1 U buunch u ang-lz wai wiis'turd driie um-z dhu bas bauyt
vur ee ulz [a bunch of worms with worsted through them is the
best bait for eels]. You be bound vor togie em [larks and thrushes]
a angle now and then. Dev. ' Fishing with an angle" is by more
people understood to be fishing with a worm than what it really
is — fishing with a hook, Reports Provinc. (1889). s.Dev. (F.W.C.)
[Prob. for Angle-twitch, q.v.]
ANGLE, sb.3 e.Yks. n.Lin. A name given to the holes
or runs of vermin, such as badgers, field-mice, &c.
e.Yks. MARSHALL Rnr. Econ. (1796). n-Lin.1 Angles, artificial
burrows used for capturing rabbits in warrens.
ANGLE, v . Som. [as'rjl.] To loiter or ' hang ' about a
place with some design ; to intrigue. Also used as sb.
w.Som.1 Wau-d-ur kau'm ang-leen baewt yuur vaur ? [what does
he come loitering about here for?]— Aay au'vees kunsiid urd eens
ee wuz ang-leen aa-dr Mils Jee-un [1 always thought he was
angling after Miss Jane]. Aay kaa'n ubae-ur-n, liz au-vees pun dhu
ang-1 [I cannot endure him, he is always upon the angle, i. e.
intriguing].
[She knew her distance, and did angle for me, Madding
my eagerness, SHAKS. Alts Well, v. iii. 212. Fig. use of
angle, vb., to fish with a hook, to use an angle (see
Angle, sb.1).]
ANGLE-BERRY, sb.1 Sc. n.Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan.
Glo. Also written annle-, see below, [a'rjl-bari.] The
same as Anbury, 1.
Sc. A fleshy excrescence resembling a very large hautboy straw-
berry, growing on the feet of sheep, cattle, &c. (JAM.). N.I.1 Angle-
berries, large hanging warts on a horse, sometimes about its mouth.
Nhb.1 Anger-berry, or Angle-berry, a warty excrescence growing
on the umbilicus, or scrotum, or teats of an animal. These are
highly vascular and easily hurt. Cum.2 Yks. Before the angle-
berries or warts grow strong, you may pull them up, KNOWLSON
Cattle Doctor (1834) 98. w.Yks.1 Nannle.berries. ne.Lan.1 Angle-
berry, a sore under the hoof of an animal. eXan.1 Handle-berry.
Glo.i [Angle-berry, a sore or imposthumation under the claw of a
beast (K.).]
[Prob. for an earlier "ang-berry • OE. ang-, pain, anguish
(as in ang-seta, carbuncle) + berry. For berry used in this
sense, cp. strawberry as applied to a birth-mark, and the
use of It. moro for a mulberry-tree and a wart on horses
(FLORIO). See Anbury.]
ANGLE-BERRY, sb." n.Cy. Lathyrus pmtensis.
n.Cy. Angle-berry, the common wild vetchling, from the angles
of its pods, Poetry Prov. in Comh. Mag. (1865) XII. 34 ; N.Cy.1
Nhb.i Among old people angle-berry is the name of a vetch • prob-
ably because it angles or catches hold and clings to plants or
shrubs stronger and taller than itself.
[Angle (Fr. angle) + berry.]
ANGLE-BOW, sb. Glo. Som. Dev. A running knot,
a snare with a spring noose, a gin for birds or fish
Glo. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) w-Som.1 Angle-bow, a running
noose, a shp-knot, especially a wire on a long stick for c™tch nf
fish ; also a springle for catching birds. The poacher's wire is
always an angle-bow. Dev. Applied to any running noose (F.W.C.).
[Angle (Fr. art%le) + bow (a single-looped knot).]
ANGLE-BOWING, vbl. sb. Som. Dev.
1. Poaching for fish by means of an angle-bow.
Dev. (F.W.C.)
2. A method of fencing the enclosures where sheep are
kept, by placing bent sticks into the ground ; also the act
of fencing in this manner.
w.Som.1 n.Dev. Chell tell vautlfer o't zo zoon es ha comath hum
vrom angle-bowing, don't quesson't, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. aia ;
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) Dev.1
[1. Vbl. sb. of angle-bow, q.v., used as a vb. 2. Vbl.
sb. of angle-bow, vb.', deriv. 01 Angle (Fr. angle) + bow (the
weapon for shooting arrows).]
ANGLE-DOG, sb. Dev. The earthworm.
Dev. At Culmstock a farmer, speaking of loose straw on pasture,
said, ' You'd be surprise how zoon th' angle-dogs'll draw it down,'
Reports Provinc. (1889).
ANGLE-EARED, adj. Dev. Mischievous.
s.Dev. Angle-yeared (used of children); orig. ' with outstanding
(pointed) ears,' such as Puck is represented with. Angle-yeared ?
— that's when boys be artful. You angle-eared young toad !
(F.W.C.)
[Angle (Fr. angle) + eared.}
ANGLE-TWITCH, sb. Gmg. Pern. Dev. Cor. Also
written angle-titch nw. Dev.1; angle-ditch Cor.2 ; -touch
Wei. [ae-rjl-twitf.]
1. The earthworm.
Gmg., Pern. COLLINS Cower Dial. Trans. Phil. Soc. (1850) IV. 222.
Dev. Reports Provinc. (1895.) n.Dev. Jim, go and zarch vor angle-
twitches, ROCK Jim an Nell (1867) 35. Dev.1 You drumble-drone-
dunder-headed-slinpole, ... I'd twack thee till I made thee twine
like an angletwitch ; Dev.3, nw.Dev.1 Cor. GROSE (1790) MS. add.
(C ) ; The king's highway ought not to be twisting and turning
like an angle-twitch, HUNT Pop. Rom. iv.Eng. (1865) 33 ; Far as
I cu'd see you've done naught but fidget like an angletwitch, ' Q.'
Three Ships (1890) vii ; Turnin' an" twestin' like a' angle-twitch,
PEARCE Esther Pcntreath (1891) bk. i. iv ; But aw twingled like an
angle-dutch, THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) 24 ; Cor.1 Wrig-
gling like an angle-twitch ; Cor.2
2. A slow-worm.
Dev.3
3. In phr. to have an angle-twitch in the bonnet, to be not
quite sane.
Dev. Eh, daddy says t'ers an angle-twitch till her rewdon,
MADOX-BROWN Dwale Bluth (1876) bk. iv. ii.
[See NARES (s.v. Angel-touche) • His baites are Tag-
wormes, which the Cornish-English term 'Angle-touches,'
CAREW Cornwall (1602) 26. ME. Greyte wormes bat
are called angel twycches, MS. in Prompt. 279. OE.
angel-twice*.]
ANG-NAIL or ANGER-NAIL, see Agnail.
ANGOLA, sb. w.Yks. Cotton and fine wool mixed
in the fibre, spun in the same way as wool, the feel of
wool thus being obtained, while the cotton prevents
shrinkage by washing or perspiration (J.F.).
Hence Angolas. A term used in the rag trade for
underclothing made from cotton and wool, but chiefly
cotton (M.F.).
ANGRY, adj. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf. Der. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Oxf. Hnt. Cmb. e.An.
Sus. Hmp. Som. [a'nri, a-rjgri, ae-nri.] Inflamed, red.
Used with reference to a wound or sore.
Nhb.1 Me fingr's beeldin' aa's flaid — it leuks se angry. Dnr.1,
Cum.12, Wm.1, n-Yks.1, ne.Yks.1 w.Yks. (J.T.) ; w.Yks.s, Lan.1,
m.Lan.1 Chs.1 That thumb o' hisn's looks main angry. s.Chs.1
Stf.2 That bad pises on thoi 'and links very angry. nw.Der. ' Lin.
STREATFIELD Lin. and Danes (1884) 315. n-Lin.1, Lei.1 Nhp.1 It's
a bad wound; it looks so very angry. War.2 Rub a little ointment
on that sore, it has an angry look ; War.3 ne.Wor. A wound or
sore place ' looks very angry' (J.W.P.). Oxf.1 MS. add. Hnt.
(T. P.F.) Cmb.1 That there cut on your finger's rare and angry —
you'd better put a hutkin on. e.An.1 My kibe is very angry to-night
Nrf., Snf., Sns., Hmp. A person, when angry, generally looks red ;
so does the inflamed part of the body, HOLLOWAY. w.Som.1 He
was getting on very well till s'mornin, but now the leg looks
angry.
ANGUISH
[59]
ANKSOME
[This serum . . . grows red and angry, WISEMAN Surgery
(JOHNSON) ; I have rubb'd this young quat almost to the
sense, And he grows angry, SHAKS. Oth. v. i. 12 ; Pedigndni,
angrie kibes, chilblanes, FLORIO (1611).]
ANGUISH, sb. Sur. Hmp. Cor. [ae'rjwij.]
1. Inflammation.
Sur. It's nice and cooling is that Elder ointment I made ; it keeps
off the anguish, N. & Q. (1880) 6th S. i. 238. Hmp.1 Of horses
it is said, ' If we foment it, it'll take the anguish out of it.' Cor.3
There is a deal of anguish in my finger. That is the anguish
coming out [said of water running from an inflamed eye].
2. Pain felt at a distance from the actual wound or seat
of disease, commonly known as ' sympathy.'
Cor.3 My hand is swelled and I've got a swelling too in my arm-
pit, but that is from the anguish of it. The pain that arises in one
tooth from sympathy with another corresponding one in decay is
called anguish.
[OFr.angoisse, anguish, agony of mind or body (CoxcR.).]
ANGUISHED, ppl. adj. Lin. Pained, troubled.
n.Lin.1 1 was straangely anguished in my joints all thrif Thomas
th' wizzard.
[My soule was angwishid in me, WYCLIF (1382) Jon.
ii. 8. Anguished, pp. of anguish, vb. I anguysshe, Je
angoysse ; This wounde anguyssheth me, ceste playe me
aiigoysse, PALSGR.]
ANGUISHOUS, adj. Lan. Chs. [a'rjwifas.] (i) Pain-
ful, causing pain. (2) Sorrowful, oppressed with pain.
(.0 Chs.1 2) Lan.1 He lookt quite anguishous, an aw felt sorry
for him.
[(i) Ful anguisshous than is, god wool, quod she,
Condicioun of veyn prosperitee, CHAUCER Tr. &° Cr. HI.
816. (2) For I was al aloon, y-wis, Ful wo and anguissous
of this, CHAUCER R. Rose, 520. OFr. angttissus, Fr. angois-
seux (PALSGR. 305).]
ANIE, sb. Sc. A small one.
Abd. Gie's a bonny anie. It's but a wee little anie (G.W.).
Knr. Anie, a little one QAM.). Edb. A mother speaking of the
youngest of her children says ' The wee ane ' or ' The wee anie.'
What bowl [of porridge] willye tak. Jamie? — The wee anie (J. W. M.).
[Dim. of ane, n. dial, form of lit. E. one. Ane + -y.]
ANIGH, adv. and prep. Stf. Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Shr.
Glo. Oxf. Brks. Sur. Sus. Hmp. I.W. Som. Aus. [anr,
onai' ; Lei. anoi'.]
1. adv. Near.
Lei.1 Oi'll gie ye a clout if yo coom anoigh. War.23 Shr.1
The doctor never come anigh. Glo.1, Sus.1
2. prep. Near to, near ; gen. with vb. of motion.
s.Stf. Do' let him come anigh me, PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (iSgsX
Stf.2 Ei nivgr kum anoi mi for 3 wik. Nhp.1 He lives anigh
me. s.War.1 Don't ye go anigh him. se.Wor.1 Don't you get
anigh them osses. Oxf.1, Brks.1 Sur.1 And for all that I was
bad so long he never come a-nigh me. Hmp.1, I.W.1 w.Som.1
Used with vbs. implying motion only. Dhur aewz uz nuy dhu
roa'ud, bud aay niivur diidn goo unuyum [their house is near the
road, but I never went near them]. [Aus., N.S.W. We mustered
the cattle quite comfortably, nobody coming anext or anigh us
any more than if we'd taken the thing by contract, BOLDREWOOD
Robbery (1888) I. xi.]
ANIGHST, prep, and adv. Der. Wor. Hrf. Glo. Oxf.
Brks. Sus. Hmp. Wil. Dor. Cor. Also written anist
Der.2 nw.Der.1 Cor.12 ; anyst Cor.2 [anai'st, ani'st.]
1. prep. Near, near to ; gen. used with v. of motion.
Der.2, nw.Der.1 Wor. I 'oodn't live anighst her wotever, OUTIS
Vig. Man. in Wor. Jnt. s.Wor.1 Hrf.1 They never come anighst
me. Bio. I never cud get anist un (S.S.B.) ; Master Michael . . .
oodn't let un come anighst the house, GISSING Vill. Hcmtpden
(1890) II. v; Glo.1 Oxf.1 A said 'twas I as 'ut 'im, an' I never
went nooer anighst'n. Brks. Blessee, child, doantee go anigst it,
HUGHES T. Brown (1856) 37 ; Now thou'rt like to get th' lotment
thou'lt not go anyst 'un, ib. T. Brown Oxf. (1861) xix ;
Brks.1 Best not come anighst that ther hoss, med be he'll kick "e.
e.Sus. HOLLOWAY. Hmp.1 Wil. The miller zeed it ael, but
couldn't come anighst un, AKERMAN Spring-tide (1850) 48 ; Wil.1
Nobody's bin anighst us since you come ; Wil.2 Dor.1 Don't goo
aniste en. Cor. Don't you come anist my door agen for a bra'
spur. FORFAR IVisard ^871 j 54 ; They durstn't ha' gone anighst
a shop, PARR Adam ami Eve (,1880; I. 276. w.Cor. So take and
go the west [way] home and dos'en aw come anist me, THOMAS
Rant/igal Rhymes (1895) 7. Cor.2 Don't go anist him, MS. add.
2. adv. Nearly, almost.
Dor. You've said anighst all, HARDY Tower (1882) 327, ed. 1895.
[A- (pref.w) + nighest, superl. of nigh.]
ANIGHT(S, adv. War. Wor. Som. [anai't] At night,
of a night.
War., Wor. I can't sleep anights (H.K.). s.Wor.1 w.Som.1 You
can't never do it by day, but you can zometimes anight.
[Bid him take that fof coming a-night, SHAKS. As You,
ii. iv. 48; Though I him wrye a-night and make him
warm, CHAUCER C. T. D. 1827. A-, on + night.]
ANIND, see Onhind.
ANISE, sb. A plant-name applied to (i) Afyssum
maritimum (Dev.) ; (2) Koniga maritinta (Dev.) ; (3)
Myrrhis odorata (Dun).
Dev.4 Anise, the same as Sweet Alice.
[Dial, uses of anise (Pimpinella antsum), Fr. ants, Lat.
ariisum, Gr. avlaov.}
ANK, v. Lan. To be of opinion, to assert em-
phatically.
Lan. ' Con aw ? ' cried Jimmy ; ' aw ank a con,' STANDING Echoes
(1885) 24. e.Lan. In common use among the natives of the Tod-
morden valley, and in Burnley (F.E.B.).
[Etym. obscure. Perh. the same word as hank (to
fasten), q.v.]
ANKER, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cor. [a'rjkar, ae'rjka(r).]
1. A liquid measure : ten imperial gallons.
Sc. I had whiles twa bits o' ankers o' brandy, SCOTT Rob Roy
(1817) xviii ; Anker, a liquid measure formerly in use in all districts
that traded with the Dutch (JAM. Sitppl.}. S. & Ork.1 Danish
anker, 38 Danish quarts, 10 imperial gallons. Nhb. About ten
ankers of gin, RICHARDSON Borderer's Tablc-bk. (1846) VII. 175.
2. A small cask adapted for carrying, and containing
about four gallons.
Sc. Tun, anker, and cag, DRUMMOND Muchomathy (1846) 66.
s. & w.Sc. A small barrel used by smugglers for carrying their
brandy on horseback, &c. ; also the small barrel open at one end
used for holding the oatmeal in daily use. Still so used in se-
cluded districts of the s. and w. of Scotland, and is a big or a wee,
a muckle or a little anker, according to its size or capacity (JAM.
Suppl.}. Frf. Some bring, in many an anker hooped strong, From
Flushing's port, the palate-biting gin, TENNANT Anster (1812) viii.
Cor. We'll drink it out of the anker, my boys, DIXON Sngs. Eng.
Peas. (1846) 160, ed. 1857; Cor.1 ; Cor.2 'Free-traders' imported
their ' moonshine ' in such ankers when the nights were dark.
3. A dry measure.
S. & Ork.1 An anker of potatoes, one-third of a barrel. Or. & Sh.I.
A dry measure similar to the firlot, for measuring potatoes (JAM.
Suppl.).
[1. Anker, a liquid measure chiefly used at Amsterdam.
It is the fourth part of the awm, and contains two stekans :
each stekan consists of sixteen mengles ; the mengle
being equal to two Paris pints, CHAMBERS Cycl. (1788) ;
A few anchors of right Nantz, SMOLLETT Per. Pick. (1751)
I. ii. io.— Du. anker, a measure of wine, the fourth part
of an awm (aani) ; also a cask holding the above quantity;
the word is also used in the fish-trade (DE VRIES). G. and
Dan. anker, Sw. ankare (SERENIUS) ; MLat. anceria (OFr.
ancere) ; see DUCANGE.]
ANKERLY, adv. ? Obs. Sc. Unwillingly.
Slk. GAM.) [Not known to our correspondents.]
[Perh. a deriv. of anker (OE. ancor], an anchorite, in
ref. to his unwillingness to join in the society and pleasures
of the world.]
ANKLING, see Rankling.
ANKOR, sb. Nhb. [a'rjkar.] The bend of a scythe
or adze.
Nhb.1 Some men prefer the angle at which a scythe-blade is set
from the handle to be more or less acute. Hence the direction in
fixing a new handle is ' Give 'or a bit mair ankor,' or ' A bit less
ankor,' as the case may be. The same direction is given in fixing
a new handle to an adze.
[Perh. a use of anchor, with regard to the angle made
by the fluke with the long shank.]
ANKSOME, see Anxom.
i 2
ANLET
[60]
ANOINTING
ANLET, sb. w.Yks. [a'nlat] A mark in the shape of
an annulet, or small ring.
w.Yks.1 Anlet, the mark on a stone, being an ancient boundary
in this neighbourhood.
[Annelet, a little ring for the finger ; any annelet or
small ring used about apparel or armour, COTGR.]
ANNAUST, see Anewst.
ANNET, s*.1 Nhb. s.Pem. Cor. Written anny s.Pem.
The Kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla.
Nhb.1 s.Pem. LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 419. Cor. RODD Birds
(1880)314. [FoRSTERSzfa//ozi'(i8i7)92 ; SWAINSON Birds (1885)
206.]
[See Annet, sb.2]
ANNET, sb.2 Nhb. Lan. [a'nat]
1. The common Gull, Larus canus.
Nhb. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 208.
2. A ' gull,' a silly fellow.
Lan. That eendless annul o' thoine's keen bitter, SCHOLES Tim
Gamwattle (1857) 39.
[Perh. equiv. to ON. dnd (gen. andar), a duck, Dan. and,
cp. OE. ened.]
ANNOY, v. Yks. Lan. War. Shr._ Ess._ (obs.) Som.
Also by aphaeresis noy w.Som.1 [anor, noi.]
1. To hurt, trouble, damage.
War.3 It does not annoy my memory [to write down dialect
words], Shr.1 That theer bit o' roche 'as annoyed my spade.
Ess. Leaue oxen abrode for anoieng the spring [shoots of under-
wood], TUSSER Husbandrie (1580) 105, st n. w.Som.1 Don't you
believe it, he widn noy you 'pon no 'count in the wordle.
2. Hence (i) Annoyance, sb. offence, damage ; (2)
Annoisome, adj. hurtful ; (3) Annoyment, sb. intent to
injure, malice ; (4) Annoyous, (5) Annoyful, adj. trouble-
some.
(i) w.Som.J Nif you'll plase to let us put up the ladder in your
garden, we'll take care not to make no noyance. (2) w.Yks.2 No
man shall put any scabbed horse to the common whereby they
maie be annoysome or troublesome to his neighbours (obs.). (3)
w.Som.1 1 knows em purty well, 'tis all a-do'd vor noyment. Lan.1
(4) Anoyful. (5) Yo're varra anoyous ; give oer.
[1. I noye or hurte one, Je nuys, PALSGR. ; It dooth no
good . . . but anoyeth, See ye nat, lord, how mankinde it
destroyeth ? CHAUCER C. T. F. 875. AFr. anoyer (mod.
ennuyer). 2. Annoyance. Suffrance suffreth swetely all
the anoyaunces and the wronges that men doon to man
outward, CHAUCER C. T. i. 655.— Annoyful. Alle tarying
.... anoyful, ib. B. 2220. — Annoyment. I warrant she
neuer fele anoyment, Play Sacr. (MATZNER).— Annoyous.
Ony thing That anoyus or scathfull be, BARBOUR Bruce,
v. 249; Thilke thinges shullen ben unjoyful to thee or
elles anoyous, CHAUCER Boeth. 11. v. 95. — Annoysome. Cp.
the aphetic lit. E. form noisome: The noisome pesti-
lence, BIBLE Ps. xci. 3.]
ANNUAL MEADOW GR ASS, phr. Sus. Poaannua;
called also Causeway grass, q.v.
Sus. The annual meadow, vernal, smooth . . . seem to be best
adapted for the feed of sheep, MARSHALL Review (1817) V. 489.
ANNY, see Annet.
ANOINT, v. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Chs. Der. Nhp. Shr. Hrf.
Glo. e.An. Ken. Wil. Dor. Som. By aphaeresis 'noint
Win. n. Yks.1 w.Yks.2 3 Chs.1 * s.Chs.1 w.Som.1 ; nint Wil.1 ;
ninte Shr.1 ; again corrupted to oynt Suf.1 ; aint e.An.1
Nrf.1 Suf.1 ; aaint Nrf.1 Suf.1 [anoi'nt, noint, naint, aint.]
1. To thrash, chastise by word or act, ' to baste.'
Nhb. Aw'd peel her te the varry sark Then 'noint her wiv a twig
o' yeck, WILSON Pitman's Pa_y(i843) n. Wm. Maister's nointed
me to-day for talking in class (B.K.). n. Yks.1, w.Yks.2; w.Yks.3
Au'll noint thee. Chs.12, s.Chs.1 Shr.1 Billy, if yo' dunna come
back and get on wuth that leasin' I'll ninte yore 'ide fur yo'.
Shr. & Hrf. Neint, to beat, BOUND Prov. (1876). Hrf. I saw Bill
Jones 'ninting the parson, N. & Q. (1865) 3rd S. viii. 547. e-An.1,
Nrf.i Suf.1 I'll aaint yar hide for ye. Ken.1 Wil.1 I'll 'nint ye
when I gets home ! Dor. Anoint, to beat (W.W.S.). w.Som.1
Jimmy! tumm'ld down again and dirt yer pinny ! you bad boy, I'll
noint your bottom vor 'ee, I will, you young rascal !
Hence Anointing, a thrashing.
Wm. He gat hissel a good nointing for his pains (B.K.). s.Chs.1
They gen [gave] him a pratty nointin'. Nhp.1 You'll get a good
nineting, young lad. Shr.2 Shr. &. Hrf. I'll give you a neinting,
BOUND Prov. (1876). Glo.1
2. To run, hurry away.
w Yks 2 A man said of his mare, ' You should see her nant up
them hills.' Now, lad, noint it. He did make us nanty. nw.Der.1
Shr.1 They wun comin' alung as fast as the pony could ninte.
Shr. Hrf. How that horse did neint along, BOUND Prov. (1876).
n' I'll anoint him with a cat-and-nine-tails, SMOL-
LETT Rod. Random, v. ME. The kyng away fly, Which
so well was anoynted (Fr. si bien otngt) mdede, Rom.
Partenay, 5653. 2. The sense 'to hurry along' is a
development from sense 1 ; cp. the use of beat, pelt, in the
sense of hurried movement.]
ANOINTED, ppl. adj. In gen. dial, use in Irel. and
Ens Also by aphaeresis, nointed n.Yks.12 m.Yks.1
Chs12 Lin x Rut.1 Lei.1 w.Som.1 nw.Dev.1 ; nineted Nhp.1
se-Wor.1 Shr.12 Hrf.2 I.W.2 ; niented I.W.2
1. Of persons: thoroughly bad, wholly given up to evil
courses, notorious.
Wxf. ' Why, you anointed rogue,' says he, KENNEDY Banks Bow
(1867) 287. n-Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 A nointed youth. s.Lan. The ex-
pression a ' neignted yung rogue ' was common in this district some
years ago. It is seldom, if ever, now heard, Manch. City News
(Feb. 8, 1896). Chs.12 Lin. He's a 'nointed one, THOMPSON
Hist. Boston (1856) 7 1 6. Rut. ELLIS Pronunc. (1889) V. 256. Lei.1
A'sa'nineted'un,ais. Nhp.1 Wor. Called him an 'anointed young
vagabond,' ./V. & Q. (1865) 3rd S. viii. 452. se.Wor.1 'E's a nineted
un, 'e is. s.War.1 He's an anointed young rascal. Shr.1 E's a
nineted pippin [said of a vicious youth] ; Shr.2 Hrf.2 Ninetedum,
corruption of 'anointed one.' Him's a ninted yarb. Hnt. He's
the most anointed young hound I ever met in my life, N. & Q.
(1865) 3rd S. viii. 452. Nrf. We commonly hear a very bad boy 01
man called ' an anointed willain,' ib. (1867) 3rd S. xii. 237. Suf.
(F.H.) Ken. Anineted, nineted, audacious, fast (A.M.); Ken.1 He's
a regular anointed young dog. The devil's own anointed young
rascal. I.W.1 ; I.W.2 Don't hay nothin to do wi' that feller, he's
a nineted rogue. w-Som.1 There idn nit a more nointeder young
osebird in all the parish. Dev. He is an anointed wretch, Reports
Provinc. (1882) 7. nw-Dev.1 Cor. Aw, he was an anointed old
rascal, ' Q.' Troy Town (1888) xi ; That boy'd end badly, for aw was
a most anointed lem, THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) 3 ; Cor.1 2
Hence Ninety-bird, one who is given up to evil ways.
se.Wor.1
2. Very great, terrible.
w.Som. It was an anointed shame, ELWORTHY Gram. (1877) 22.
[Anointed in this sense is prob. conn, with anoint, vb. (to
thrash). An ' anointed scoundrel ' would mean a scoundrel
who has deservedly been well thrashed.]
ANOINTER, sb. Yks. Chs. Stf. War. Wor. Glo. Oxf.
Bck. Wil. Som. Also written nointer Yks. Chs.1 s.Chs.1 ;
nineter War.2 Glo.1 Wil.1 ; neinter Chs.1
1. A scapegrace, a mischievous fellow. Also used as adj.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (May 31, 1884) 8. Chs.1 s.Stf. He's
a reglar nointer, I'd believe anythin' o' him, PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann.
(1895). War. NORTHALL Flk-Phr. (1894). w.Wor. That lad's a
nineter, sir, he is. He'll fight like a robin, Berrow'sjm. (Mar. 10,
1888). s.Oxf. David Loveday names his dog ' Nainter' because it is
troublesome, barking at the wrong time, and sometimes worrying
the sheep, Flk-Lore Jrn. (1884) II. 188 ; ' She allus were a reglar
nineter,' said her father with a delighted chuckle. ' Whatever's a
nineter, uncle?' asked Sam. 'A nineter? Why, a nineter's a reglar
Bedlam,' answered Tom, ROSEMARY Chilterns (1895)162. Bck. He's
a nice young nineter, he is! (A.C.) Wil.1 A nineter young rascal.
2. A trickster, a sharp, crafty person.
w.Wor. He be a nipper and a nineter, he be (W.B.). Glo.
Som. Nineter, SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885).
3. An energetic, pushing person.
s.Chs.1 Hey's a nointer, that mon.
4. A miser, a skinflint.
Wil. SLOW Gl. (1892) ; Wil.1
5. Of things : causing perplexity or surprise ; a ' puzzler.'
w.Yks. That's a nointer (G.B. W.) ; (B.K.)
[Anoint, vb. (q.v.) + -er. The word means prob. one
who deserves an ' anointing," i. e. a thrashing. The use
of the suffix -er (of the agent) is remarkable.]
ANOINTING, adj. Bck. Mischievous.
Bck. Aint he a nineting young rascal ? (A.C.)
[See Anointed.]
ANON
[61]
ANTIC
ANON, adv. Dev. [ano'n.] To-night.
Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Dev. & Cor. Monthly Mag.
(1808) II. 621. Dev.3 Yii shet away 'ome Bill, us'll volleree anon.
Midden be airly, tho' tweel be avore owly-light [midnight].
[This sense is due to the earlier use of anon in the
sense of soon, in a short time. I am gone, sir, And anon,
sir, I'll be with you again, SHAKS. Twelfth Nt. iv. ii. 131.
OE. on an, into one (moment).]
ANON, int. Widely diffused throughout the dial, of
Sc. Irel. Eng. Amer. Also written anan N.Cy.1 Chs.123
s.Chs.1 Der? e.An.1 I.W.1 Wil.1 Cor.12; non n.Yk.12;
nan Nhp.2 Hrf.1 Glo.1 e.An.1 Hmp.1 I.W.1 Wil.1 Dev.1
nw. Dev.1 Cor.12; name. An.2; a'an e.An.1 ; annan Dor.1
[ano'n, ana'n, non, nan.] An interrogation. What did
you say ? A mode of expressing that the hearer has failed
to catch the speaker's meaning.
Sc. The brute of a lad puzzles me by his ' anan,' and his ' dunna
knaw," SCOTT Redg. (1824) v. Ir. ' Anan ! ' said she, not under-
standing hisquestion, LEVER Martins (1856) I. 195, ed. 1872. Dur.
Traveller. ' Pray which is the road to Durham ?' — Clown. 'Non!'
(J.H.) n-Yks.1 Anon or anan is an interjectional sound of doubting
inquiry, similar to the utterly inexpressible (by letters) sound of
assent or attention which is employed by many Yorkshire people
when listening to a narrative or a remark where verbal observa-
tions are unneeded. w.Yks.1, Chs.12 ; Chs.3 Anan, what's that?
s.Chs.1 I have never got the word at first hand, and think it died
out with the last generation. Der.1 Obs. (1890). Nhp.2 Wor.
Anan, what do you say ? PORSON Quaint Wds. (1875). Hrf.1, Glo.1
e.An.1 Often contracted to A'an, or N'an. Nrf-Anan? An? N.&Q.
(1850) ist S. ii. 217. Ken. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) w.Sus.
Anan, Nan. This interjection has the same sense as the word
' hay ' in Hampshire, HOLLOWAY. Hmp.1, I.W.1 Wil.1 Anan, 'Nan.
Used by a labourer who does not quite comprehend his master's
orders. Dor.1 Som. Anan, Nan, eh ! what? W. & J. Gl. (1873).
Dev.1, nw.Dev.1 Cor. Anan. An interjection used by old people
within remembrance, though now extinct, QuiLLER-CoucH Hist.
Polperro (1871) 172; Cor.12 [Amer. Anan, how? The word
is common in Pennsylvania, BARTLETT. We have in Philadelphia
' Anan,' interrog. what ? N. & Q. (1870) 4th S. vi. 249.]
[See Anon, adv.]
ANONSKER, adj. n.Yks. [ano-nska(r).] Eager,
desirous, set upon a thing.
n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 They've setten him anonsker o' t'sea [anxious
to become a sailor],
[Of ON. origin ; cp. Dan. an, on + ijmske, wish.]
ANOTHER, in comp. (i) -gates, (2) -guess, (3) -kins, of
a different kind ; (4) -when, another time.
(i) Lan.1 (2) Lei.1 Shr.1 Another-guess sort, generally taken
in the sense of 'better.' Ah! the poor toud missis wuz another
gis-sort o' body to "er daughter-law. Glo. Thelikeo'webeanother-
guesssortoffolk,GissiNG.So</!q/W,s.P«roA(i889)I. 117; Glo.2 You
are another guess-sort of a man. (3) n-Yks.1 He was anotherkins
body te t'ither chap ; n.Yks 2 That's anotherkins teeal [a different
version of 'the story]. m.Yks.1 That plum's of anotherkins sort.
(4) Ken.'
[Another-gates. When Hudibras about to enter Upon
an othergates adventure, BUTLER Hud. i. iii. 42 ; He
would have tickled you othergates than he did, SHAKS.
Twelfth Nt. v. i. 198. Another-gates, i.e. of another gate,
of another way; see Gate. Orig. an adv. gen. in -es,
a late analog, formation. — Another-guess. At present
I am constrained to make another guesse divertisement,
Com. Hist. Francion (NARES). This is a form of another-
gates, which was also pron. another gets. See Othergates.]
ANOUST, see Anewst.
ANOW, see Enow.
ANOWER, see Inower.
ANPARSE, ANPASSY, see Ampersand.
ANSEL, see Own-self.
ANSELL, ANSTIL, see Hansel.
ANSH, see Haunch.
ANSWER,!/.1 Chs. War. Som. [ansa(r).]
1. To last, endure.
w.Som.1 That there poplar 'out never answer out o' doors, I'll be
a ratted in no time.
2. With prep, to, (i) to succeed with ; (2) to be easily led.
Chs.1 (i) It is said that clay land easily answers to bones. (2) He's
a soft sort o' chap ; he'll answer to owt. War. (J.R.W.)
ANSWER, sb. and v? Irel.
1. 56. A bite (in fishing).
Wmth. Did you get ere an answer?
2. v. To bite (of fish).
nJr. Are there many fish there ? — Yes, because they answered
them many a time (S.A.B.).
ANSWERABLE, adj. Sus. Som. Dev. [avnsarabl.]
1. Durable, lasting.
w.Som.1 A man said to me of a draining tool, ' Dhik-ee soa-urt
bee dee'urer, but dhai bee moo'ur aan'surublur ' [that sort are
dearer, but they are more answerable, i.e. cheaper in the end].
Dev. 'Twas good answerable reed [for thatching], Reports Pro/vine.
(1887) 3
2. With prep, to, corresponding to.
Sus. They did pretty middlin' answerable to their size, EGERTON
Flks. and Ways (1884) 85.
[1. Answerable, consentaneus, COLES (1679). 2. The
daughters of Atlas were ladies who brought forth children
answerable in quality to those that begot them, RALEIGH
Hist. World (JOHNSON).]
ANSWERING, prp. used as prep, and conj.
1. prep. Corresponding to.
Cum., Wm. Answering this time last week [at the correspond-
ing time], SULLIVAN Cum. and Wm. (1857) 90.
2. conj. Provided that.
Cum., Wm. Answering he conies, SULLIVAN Cum. and Wm.
(1857) 90.
ANT, v.1 Sh.I. [ant.] To show attention to, respect,
obey.
Sh.I. Ant, to pay regard to (Coll. L.L.B.); Freq. used with
negative, ' Never ant him' (K.I.) ; An prickin nerves ant no da
will's intent, BURGESS Rasmie (1891) 118. S. & Ork.1
ANT, v.2 Chs. [ant] A method of ploughing.
Chs.1 To plough out a small subsoil furrow from a reen.
ANTELUTE,s6. ? Obs. Shr. [a'ntilut] A tea-party.
Shr.1 Now then, girls, if yo'n look sharp an' get yore work done,
yo' sha'n g66 to the antelute.
ANTER, see Aunter.
ANTERIN, see Undern.
ANTERS, ANTHERS, see Aunters.
ANTHILL-GRASS, sb. Midi, counties. Festuca syl-
vatica.
Midi. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1790) 107, ed. 1796.
ANTHONY OVER, sb. Gall. A child's game at ball.
Gall. The bairns vexed his soul by playing ' Antony Over ' against
the end of his house, CROCKETT Stickit Min. (1893) 99 ; Throwing
a ball over a house, from one party of children to another (S.R.C.).
ANTHONY-PIG, sb. Chs. Der. Hrt. Ken. Hmp. Dev.
Also written Tanthony-pig Chs.12
1. The smallest pig of a litter, the favourite one supposed
to be dedicated to and under the special protection of
St. Anthony, the patron saint of swineherds.
Der.2 Anthony-pig, the ruckling of the litter ; nw.Der.1 Hrt.
We call a poor starved creature a Tantony pig, SALMON Hist, of
Hrt. (1728). Ken. The favourite pig of the farrow, GROSE (1790) ;
The word Anthony is by analogy used as a diminutive generally
(P.M.); Ken.1 Hmp. Tanthony-pig, N. &Q. (1851) ist S. iii. 429.
Dev.3 Anthony's pig is also called nessel tripe.
2. Fig. One who follows close at heel.
Chs.1 ; Chs.2 To follow anyone like a Tantony pig, is to stick as
close to him as St. Anthony's favourite is supposed to have done
to the saint.
[He will follow him like a St. Anthony's pig. St. A.
is notoriously known for the patron of hogs, having a pig
for his page in all pictures, FULLER Worthies, II. 56.
Tantony repr. St. Antony. The form occurs in SWIFT:
Lord ! she made me follow her last week through all the
shops like a Tantiny (sic) pig, Polite Conv. I.]
ANTIC, sb. and adj. Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. Dur.
Lan. Der. Brks. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written hantic,
hantick, hanteck. See below, [a'ntik, arntik.]
1. sb. Gen. used in the pi. Manoeuvres, movements,
odd ways and tricks.
Sc. Antick, a foolish ridiculous frolic (JAM.). Dur.1 Lan. Tom
oth-Grinders an Owd Lurry wi him, laighin', dancin, an playin
o maks o antiks, Abrum o' Flap's Quortin' (1886) 13. nw-Der.1,
Brks.1 w.Som.1 Hot ailth the mare ? her's all vull o' her hantics.
Dev. I niver did zee nobody za vull ov hantecks as 'er is, HEWETT
ANTIOUS
[62]
ANY
Peas. Sp. (1892) 86 ; Dev.1 What hanticks a had ! naddling his
head, drawing out his hands, and blasting up his ees to the gurt
oaks. Naut. After this, we had a little few more ' antics,' as the
sailors call them, moving from columns of divisions with the ships
in line ahead into other formations in line abreast, then by sub-
divisions and so forth, Standard (Aug. 12, 1889) 3, col. i. [Anticks,
gesticulations such as Merry Andrews employ, GROSE (1790) MS.
add. (C.)]
2. A fool, a buffoon or clown.
Cor.1 You dunderheaded old antic,— lave that to the musicianers,
' Q.' Three Ships (1890) i ; Cor.1 I never seed such an antic in my
born days ; Cor.2 Such an antic.
3. adj. Droll, grotesque.
NJ.1 He's very antic. Antickest [most funny].
4. Frantic with excitement, mad, unmanageable.
w.Som.1 Hantic. n.Dev. What's the matter? . . . what art tha
hanteck? Exm. Crtship. (1746) 1. 620 ; Hantick, wanton and unruly,
GROSE (1790) MS. add (M.) ; Dev.1
[1. Antic, he that plays anticks, JOHNSON ; To dance
anticks is to dance like a Jack-pudding after an odd and
ridiculous manner, KERSEY. 2. Antick, a buffoon or
juggler, KERSEY ; Jugglers and dancers, anticks, mum-
mers, mimicks, MILTON S.A. 1325; There the antic
(i.e. Death) sits, Scoffing his state, and grinning at his
pomp, SHAKS. Rich. II. HI. ii. 162. 3. The prize was to
be conferred upon the whistler that could go through his
tune without laughing, though provoked by the antick
postures of a Merry Andrew, ADDISON Sped. No. 179 ;
He came running to me . . . making a many antic gestures,
DE FOE Crusoe (1719) 183. It. antico (ancient), a term
applied in the i6th cent, to the grotesque work found
among the ruins in Rome, and ascribed to the ancients.]
ANTIOUS, adj. Pern, [e'n/as.] Ancient, beautiful
with age, rare.
s.Pem. ' 'Tis an antious old place," said of a somewhat ruinous
building (E.D.) ; The idea of ' beautiful ' is always associated with
that of ' old ' or ' ancient.' It is difficult to know which of the two
is uppermost in the mind of the speaker. It is certain that the
word is never used when mere age is considered. This chist [chest]
is a very antious one. Oh, here's an antious set of china ! This
pictier [picture] is owld an' hansom, David, deed, it's antious
(W.M.M.).
ANTLE, see An, Hantle.
ANTLE-BEER, adv. Dev. fae-ntl-bia(r).] Cross-
wise, irregular (the form of two uprights and one cross-
piece, like a door-frame).
n.Dev. Et wel zet arter tha antlebeer lick the dooms of a door,
Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 274 ; GROSE (1790).
Hence fig. cross-grained.
Dev. They only thought it was my ' appurted witherful develtry ,'
as they called it, and Nurse added that I was ' antle-beer,' MADOX-
BROWN Dwale Bluth (1876) bk. iv. i.
ANTLING, see Hantling.
ANTONMAS,s6. Sh.I. St. Anthony's Day, a festival
held Jan. 29, twenty-four days after Christmas (old style).
Sh.I. Jan. 29. By oldest people called St. Anthony's Day. now
Fower-an-twenty Day, and UphellyA. Yule ends, Manson's Aim.
(1893) 16; Antonmas is observed here yearly as the last day
of Yule-tide. In the country districts the young people meet and
have a dance, but in Lerwick there is generally a torchlight
procession of guizers, who afterwards make a bonfire of their
torches and then proceed to the houses thrown open for their
entertainment where they have fiddling and dancing (K.I.);
Antinmas. St. Anthony's Day in the calendar [new style] is I7th
January (JAM. Suppl.). S. & Ork.1
[Anthony + mass (a Church festival).]
ANTRIMS, sb. pi. Wm. Yks. Chs. Der. War. e.An.
Also written antrums e.An.1 Suf.1 ; antherums n.Yks.2
[a'ntrimz, a'ntramz.]
1. Airs, whims, caprices, with an implication of temper.
N.Cy.1 Wm. Antrums, tantrums, flightiness, airs that one gives
oneself, GIBSON Leg. and Notes (1877) 91. Chs.1 At your antrims
again; Chs.23, Der.2, nw-Der.1, War. (J.R.W.), e-An.1, Nrf.1
Suf.1 'As in 'as antrums this morning.
2. Doubts, hesitations.
n.Yks.2
[Etym. unknown. See Tantrums.]
ANTRUM, see Undern.
ANT-TUMP, sb. War. Won Shr. Hrf. Also written
anty- tump War.2 Shr.1 Hrf.1; anti-tump w.Wor.1 [an'ti-
tump, a-nt-tump.] An ant-hill.
War.2, w.Wor.1, s.Wor.1 Shr.1 'E raved an tore like a bull at
a anty-tump. Hrf.1
[Ant + lump, q.v.]
ANUNDER, adv. and prep. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum.
Wm. Yks. Som. Dev. Also written annundher N.I.1;
anonder n.Sc. QAM.) Cum.1; anuner Nhb.1; anoner
Abd. UAM.); in-under Nhb.1 h.Yks.2 w.Som.1 nw.Dev.1;
innundher N.I.1; in-onder n.Yks.2 [anu-nda(r), anu-na(r).]
1. adv. Beneath, under (of actual position).
NJ.1, N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Aa's gan anuner. nw.Dev.1
2. prep. Under, underneath.
Sc. As a hen gathereth her chickens anunder her wings, HEN-
DERSON Matt. (1862) xxiii. 37. Sh.1. He aims me a lick just anunder
da belt, BURGESS Rasmie (1891) 15. Abd. A lamb anoner Nory'scare,
Ross Helenore (1768) 12, ed. 1812. Ant. Anondther, Anonder
(W.J.K.). Nhb. His left han's anunder me heed, ROBSON Sag. Sol.
(1860) ii. 6 ; Anunder his care, ib. Bk. of Ruth (1860) ii. 12; Nhb.1
The boxis inunder the bed. Dnr. Ah sat doon unnonder his shaddow
wih greet deleyght, MOORE Sng. Sol. (1860) ii. 3. Com. En onder
them he said was two lile princes buried, Mary Drayson (1872)
13 ; Com.8 If I stopt anonder ya tree i' t'wud, I stopt anonder
twenty, 23. At keeps o' he cares anonder ya hat, 55. Wm. An
buried him snugly an-under some trees, WHITEHEAD Leg. (1859) 8 ;
Ye'll be best anonder t'blankets. I isn't in anonder t'least doubt
about it (M.P.). n.Yks. Ah sat me down on t'binch in under t'awd
yak tree, TWEDDELL Clevel. Rhymes (1875) 48. w.Som.1 Dhai vaewn
un tu laa-s aup-mdhu taal-ut, een uun'dur u buun'l u aa-y [they
found him at last up in the tallet, underneath a bundle of hay].
3. Beneath in command, in subjection to.
n.Yks.2 He was in-onder t'other man [in office]. w-Sora.1 Our
Bill's a go to work to the brew-house, in under Mr. Joyce the
maltster.
[ME. Ther nis non betere anonder sunne, K. Horn, 567.
An, on + under.]
ANVIL, sb. Ken. [ae'nvl.] In comp. Anvil-clouds,
clouds of the shape of an anvil, supposed to betoken rain.
Ken.1
ANXOM, adj. Yks. [a-nksam.] Anxious.
e.Yks. He'd monny a anksome lewk at his store, NICHOLSON
Flk-Sp. (1889) 42 ; e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.)
[A form of anxious, contam. with the suff. -some ; cp.
fearsome, q.v.]
Hence Anxomness, anxiety.
e.Yks.1 ATS. add. (T.H.)
ANY, adv., adj. and pron. Van dial, uses in Irel. and
Eng. See below, [e'ni, o'ni.]
1. adv. At all.
n.Yks. It dizn't dry onny (I.W.). ne.Yks.1 It didn't rain onny.
s.Not. Ah don't see as she's improved any (J.P.K.). swiin.1 He's
not worked any sin' June. She can't sit up any. Wor. If I
leaves it till to-morrow it won't hurt any (H.K.). s.Oxf. They be
Sunday does . . . and scarce wore any, ROSEMARY Chilterns (1895)
76. Suf. He tell them brick every now and agin to see if they've
wasted any (C. G. de B.). Snr.1 The cuckoo don't sing this year
scarce any. Slang. You don't want bein' made more drunk any,
KIPLING Badalia (1890) 7.
2. pron. One of two things indifferently, either.
Wm.1 Ther's nobbet twoa left — will ta hev onny on em ? — Ay, aa'l
tak onny on em thau likes to gie ma'. s.Lan. John, fetch me one
of those two pairs of trousers out of my wardrobe. — Which shall I
bring ? — Oh, any of them will do (S.W.).
3. In phr. (i) Any bit like, tolerably good, used with
ref. either to the weather, health, or behaviour; (2) -
body, an indef. pers. pron. also construed as pi. ; (3) — end
up, in any case, at any rate ; (4) — make, any kind ; (5)
— metre, for the future ; used in positive, as well as
negative phr. ; (6) — more than, only, but that ; (7) -
road, anyway, anyhow ; (8) — road up, in any case ;
(9) — thing, at all ; (10) — way for a little apple, easily
persuaded ; (n) — way up, in any case ; (12) — wise, in
any way.
(i) ne.Yks.1 Wa s'all be leadin' ti-moorn if it be onny bit leyke.
e.Yks.1 Ah could ha putten up wiv her if she'd been onny-bit-leyk.
w.Yks. Noa two fowk owt to be moor comfortable if tha'd be
ony-bit-like, Clock Aim. (1878) 48; w.Yks.2 I'll come and see thee
ANYESDER
APPEAL TO
to-morrow, if it's onnv-bit-like. Lan.1 If th' weather's onny-bit.
like. nw.Der. H.R. 2 n.WU. 'Tis cowld enough to vriz anj'-
body. Anybody caant do nothin now wi'out bein took up far't
;E.H.G.). w.Som.1 Un-ee bairdee keod-n voo-urd-u due ut, neef
dhai diid-n due ut nai-tuymz, keod ur ? [one could not afford to
do it, if one did not do it night-times, could they?] (3) s.Cbs.1 I'll
send ye a chem [team] anny end up. Stf.2 I dunna know when
ar J ack's cumin whom , bar oi'll let yer know ony end up. (4) m. Yks. '
Onnymak, any shape, form, or sort. (5) nJr. A servant being in-
structed how to act, will answer ' I will do it any more ' (G.M.HA
6 War.2 I wouldn't a-gone any more than I promised to buy Dick
a trumpet. Wor. I wouldn't do it any more than I've got so
much else to do H.K.X s.Wor.1 I should be sure to go to church
any more than I've not got a gownd to my back. n.WU. I shouldn't
trouble to pick them apples to-day, any more'n might be wet to-
morrow (E.H.G.;. Wil.1 He's sure to come any more than he
might be a bit late. (7) w.Yks. (J-w-) s-stf- Any ">ad, you tell
'em that. MURRAY Rainbow Gold ( 1886^ 137. [Aus., N.S.W. I don't
want to blow — not here, any road — but it takes a good man to put
me on my back, BOLDREWOOD Robbery (1888) I. i.] (8si Stf.2
I dunna know when ar Jack's cumin whom, bur oi'll let yer know
ony road up. (9) swJJn.1 He's never ailed anything. 10
N.Cy.1 Ony way for a little apple, (n) Stf.2 Oi'll let yer know ony
way up. (12) Sur. I knowed you ha' time enough to wait at this
plaace, anywise, BICKLEY Sur. Hills (1890) III. iv.
[1. Cp. the use of ' any-thing ' in CHAUCER : For if hir
wheel stinte any-thing to tome, Tr. &* Cr. i. 848. 2. And
if that any of us have more than other, Lat him be trewe,
and parte it with his brother, ib. C.T. D. 1533.]
ANYESDER, sb. Sh.I. A sheep in its second year.
S. & Ork.i
[An, one+yesier (yearster), repr. year+suff. -ster.]
ANY KIN, adj. Obsol. Yks. [o'ni kin.] Of any kind
or sort.
n.Yks. D'ye knaw ov onny kin things like them ? — I decant think
I hev onny kin things like them (I.W.) ; n/Yks.1, m.Yks.1
[Noe, for anikins chanse Sal I noght take sli a no|>er
venganse, Cursor M. 1941.]
ANY WAY(S, adv. phr. Irel. Cum. Yks. War. Oxf.
Sur. See below.
1. In any way, in any respect, by any means.
e. Yks.1 Was he onny ways put oot? MS. add. (T.H.) War.
If the child ever went any ways wrong, GEO. ELIOT S. Afarner
'1861) xiv. s.Oxf. I'll go if I anyways can, ROSEMARY Chiltrrns
(1895) 17. Sur.1 We can't make anyways sure.
2. At all events.
Ir. I may be poor, but any way I'm honest (A.S.P.). n.Yks.
Anyways I'm mista'en if he is, LINSKILL Behv. Heather and N. Sea
(1884) i. w.Yks. Onnyway, thah'rt noan bahn wi' us (./E.B.).
[Amer. Block Island is rather a wisht kind of a place any way, Flk-
LoreRec.(iS8i)lV. 93.]
3. In every way, in all respects.
Cum.1 This is enny way as good as that
4. Carefessly, confusedly.
n.Yks. He thrust them tegither onnyway (I.W.). e-Yks.1 Onny
ways, MS. add. (T.H.)
[1. All those who are any way concerned in works of
literature, ADDISON Sped. No. 529; All those who are any
ways afflicted ... in mind, body, or estate, Bk. Com. Pr.
(Prayer for all conditions of men).]
ANY WHEN, adv. Lin. Bdf. Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp.
I.W. Wil. Dor. At any time.
niin.1 I'll goaony-when you like, if nobbut it duzn't raain. Bdf.
(F.H.), Ken. (P.M.) Sur. I can come the first week in November
or any when from Nov. i, N. & Q. (1881) 6th S. iv. 367 : Two-
pence is good enough for eggs any when, ib. 542 ; Sur.1 Sus.
' Anywhen ' may be heard any day and every day, A^ & Q. (1853)
ist S. vii. 335 ; Sus.1, Hmp.1. I.W.1, WU. (W.C.P/i Dor. If I was
quite sure, I would go any-when, HARDY Tess (1891) vi ; Dor.1
[He giveth not himself to wildness any when, Hist.
Jacob 6- Esau (1568), Dodsley's Old Eng. Plays, II. 196
(ed. HAZLITT).]
APACE, adv. Lan. [ape's.] By degrees, steadily.
Lan. A man who was making headway in his business quietly
without much show would be said to be ' getting on apace ' (S. W.).
ne.Lan.1 He will get on apace.
[The word now means in lit. E. ' at a good pace. ' The
dial, meanings are nearer the usage of CHAUCER, where
it often implies a slow pace : In lasse whyle Than thou
wolt goon a paas nat but a myle, C. T. c. 866 ; And forth
she walketh esily a pas, ib. F. 388. Fr. a pas. Cp. pas a
pas, step after step, COTGR.]
APAST, prep, and adv. Yks. Stf. War. Hmp. Wil. Som.
[apa'st, apa'st,]
1. prep. Of time : after, past.
s.Stf. Ten apast seven by the clock, PINNOCK Bit. Cy. Ann.
\ ' 1895). Hmp.1 WU. SLOW Gl. (1892).
2. Of place : beyond, past.
w.Yks. Ah've getten apast Sarah Alice at summin' [arithmetic],
Leeds Merc. Suppl. (May 23, 1891). Hmp.1 Som. JENNINGS Obs.
Dial. ui.Eng. ( 1825).
3. adv. Of place : past
War.2 He's just gone apast.
[ME. apassed (pp. of apassen) in Allil. P. I. 539, and
CHAUCER Boeth. 11. v. 35. OFr. apasser, to pass on.]
APE, sb. Yks. Lan. [ep.]
L A mischievous, troublesome child.
m-Yks.1 Thou young ape, get out of the road with thee, before I
pick thee over. ne.Lan.1
2. Cotnp. Ape-faced.
n.Yks.2 Yap-feeac'd, pug-nosed, monkey-faced.
APEAK, adv. n.Yks. [apia'k.] In a peak.
n.Yks.2 Belt apeeak ; built up to a point or pyramid.
[A-, on +peak.]
APEN, see Open.
APERN, see Apron.
APESOME, see Apish.
A-PICK-A-BACK, see Pick-a-back.
APIECE, adv. n.Cy. Der. [apl's.] Severally, to each
one.
n-Cy. Now lads ! here's healths apiece (HALL.) nw.Der.1
[Neither have two coats apiece, BIBLE Luke ix. 3. A
piece, for each one piece, hence severally.]
A-PIECES, adv. phr. Lan. Lin. Nhp. War. e.An.
[aprsaz.] In pieces, to pieces.
Lan. I fund foak bizzy knokink the'r heaws sides epeeses.
WALKER Plebeian Pol. (1796) 7, ed. 1801. ne.Lan.1. Lin.1, Nhp.1,
War. (J.R.W.), e-An.1 Sul1 Ta crumble all 'apieces.
[What so many may do, Not being torn a-pieces, we
have done, SHAKS. Hen. VIII, v. iv. 80. A-, on +pieces.]
APIEST, see Alpiust.
APISH, adj. n-Yks. [ye-pi/.]
n.Yks.2 Yapish, Yapsome, impertinent.
A-PISTY-POLL, adv. Dor. Of a child : carried on
the back or shoulders. Cf. pick-a-back.
Dor. Gl. (1851) ; Dor.1 A mode of carrying a child with his legs
on one's shoulders, and arms round the neck and forehead.
APLACE, adv. Cld. (JAM.) Conveying the idea that
one is present, as opposed to that of his being absent ;
as ' He's better awa nor aplace,' i.e. it is better he should
be absent than present.
[Things abused to idolatry . . . are farre better away
then aplace, GILLESPIE Cerent. (1637) in. ii. 22 (N.E.D.) ;
To telle How such goddes come aplace, GOWER C. A. 11.
152. A-, on + place.}
APLOCH, see Ablach.
APOD, see Uphold.
APONTED, />>>. Dor. [apo'ntad.] Tainted.
Dor.1 Decs vish is a-ponted.
[A- (pref?) + panted, pp. ofpont (to bruise), q.v.]
APPARATUS, sb.1 w.Cor. [aepare-tas.] A kitchen
stove.
w.Cor. The cooking stove in the kitchen is so called (T.C.P.) ;
I have never heard this word in Penzance, but several times at
Falmouth (M.A.C.).
APPARATUS, sb.2 Nhb. Dur. See below.
Nhb.. Dur. Apparatus, machinery at the surface for separating
the small coals (screened out from the round) into nuts and duff.
The small coals, which have passed through the screen, are drawn
up either a vertical or an inclined framing, in a tub called an ap-
paratus tub, which teems itself at the top of the frame, and is passed
over two or more screens, NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
APPEAL TO, v. Sur. [api'L] To approve of, find
benefit from.
Sur.1 How do you find the whiskey suit you ?— I appeal to it
very much. [Unknown to our other correspondents.]
APPEAR
[64]
APPLE-GARTH
APPEAR, sb. Glo. [api-a(r).] Appearance
Glo. Often used in the neighbourhood of Bisley (H.b.H.) ; Glo.
[Which she on every little grass doth strew . . . against
the Sun's appear, FLETCHER Faithful Shepherd (c. 1610) v. i.
(N.E.D.)]
APPEAR, v. n.Irel. Of ghosts : to ' walk,' to haunt
places.
n.Ir. Ghosts still ' appear' in old churchyards, or when a murd.
of a particularly striking kind has been committed (R.M.Y.) ; N.I.1
[And many bodies of seyntis . . . apperiden to many,
WYCLIF (1388) Malt, xxvii. 53.]
APPEARENTLY, flafo. m.Yks. [apia'rantli.] Seebelow.
m.Yks.1 In freer use as an affirmative response than is usual in
ordinary speech. We's ganging to t'feast, ye see, apparently.
It's boon to weet, appearently [it is going to wet (or ram)].
APPELL, v. Obs. Sc. QAM.) To challenge.
Sc. There were many Southland men that appelled other in barrace,
to fight before the King to the dead, for certain crimes of lese-
majesty, PITSCOTTIE (ed. 1768) 234.
[ME. I appelle hym for trouthe broken, Rowlands?* (Jl.
(1400) 343 (N.E.D.). Lat. appellare, to call upon.]
APPERIL, sb. s.Irel. Risk, peril.
s.Ir. Don't be out of her on your apperl, LOVER Leg. (1848) II. 289.
[Faith ! I will bail him, at mine own apperil, B. JONSON
Magn. Lady, v. x ; Let me stay at thine apperil, Timon,
SHAKS. Timon, i. ii. 32. A- (pref.lo)+ peril.]
APPERNTLE, sb. Chs. Shr. [a-pantl.] Anapronful.
s-Chs.1 A apperntle o' tatoe-pillins for th' pigs. Shr.1 W'eer'n
'ee bin laisin, Peggy?— I' the paas'ns piece; I've got whad yo'
sin, an' a good apparntle o' short ears.
[Appern, apron + -tle (suff.); this is a common suff. in
the Shr. dial. ; cp. cantle, hantle, bucketle, pochette. It is prob.
an equiv. of-ful; see Shr.1 (gram, xliii).]
APPETIZE, v. Sc. Nhb. In pp. : having appetite for
food.
Sc. I am well appetized for my dinner, Monthly Mag. (1798) II.
436 ; Supper for which I feel rather more appetized than usual,
SCOTT Monastery (1820) 39, ed. 1879. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
[A deriv. of appetite (Fr. appetit), formed on the analogy
of vbs. in -ize.]
APPING, see Happing.
APPLE, sb.1
1. The cone of Finns abies (Lin. Won).
Wor. (H.K.)
2. Comb, (i) Berk apple, Pinus sylvestris (n.Yks.); (2)
Deal— (e.An.), (3) Fir — (nw.Cum. Lin. Sus. Hmp.),
(4) Pine — (Hrt. Nhp.), the cone of P. abies.
(4) Nhp.1 Pie-apple or Pur-apple, the cone of the fir. Hrt. Cones,
or what we call pine-apples, ELLIS Shep. Guide (1750) 134.
[The fir-cone was formerly called a pine-apple, q.v.]
APPLE, sb.2 [a-pl, se'pl.l Pyrus malm. Irel. Mr
Lin. Nhp. Wor. Shr. Hmp. Wil. Som. Dev. Cor.
1. Comp. (i) Apple-bee, a wasp ; (2) -dumplings, plant-
name, the great hairy willow herb ; (3) -headed, see below ;
(4) -meat, pies, tarts, &c., made with apples ; (5) -mill, a
machine in which apples are crushed in cider-making;
(6) -pear, a variety of pear ; (7) -potato, a certain kind of
potato ; (8) -scoop, a scoop or spoon, made of bone, used
to abstract the cores from apples ; (9) -shrub, the plant
Weigelia Rosea ; (10) -wife, a woman who sells apples.
(i) Cor. MonthlyMag. (1808)11.421. (2) Nhb.1 Apple-dumplins,
Epilobium hirsutum. Called also Corran-dumplin. (3) Nhp.1 Apple-
headed, a term applied to a low, stunted oak with a round bushy
head. (4) s.Dev. (G.E.D.) (5) nw.Dev.1 (7) Myo. First and fore-
most there's no better than the apple-pratees, HARRINGTON Sketches
(1830) III. xvi. (8) nXin.1 Apple-scohp, an instrument made of
a sheep's metacarpal bone, sometimes carved, dyed green, &c., used
for taking the cores out of apples. ne.Wor. (J.W.P.) Wil.1 Apple-
scoop, made from the knuckle-bone of a leg of mutton, and used for
eating apples, the flavour of which it is supposed to improve. (9)
w.Som.1 Apple-shrub, the Weigelia Rosea, no doubt so called from
the likeness of its flowers to apple-blossom. It was only intro-
duced from China in 1855. It is now one of our commonest
flowering shrubs. Dev. We call it the apple-shrub, Reports Provinc.
(1885) 87. (10) Nhb.1 He sent the apple-wives to mourn, A month
iv wor awd cassell, OLIVER Local Sngs. (1824) 15.
2. Comb, with attrib. adj., applied to plants or fruit-
(1) Cane Apple, Arbutus unedo or strawberry-tree (Irel.) ;
(2) Coddled — , Epilobium hirsutum or willow herb (Lin.
NnoV (q) Morris— , see below (Hmp.); (4) Scrog— ,
q.v; (5) Scalded- Lychnis diurna (Shr.) ; (6) Well
see below (Hmp.).
(3) Hmp.1 Morris-apple, an apple with very red cheeks. (5)
Shr.1 Scalded apple, Red Campion. (6) Hmp.1 Well-apple, a light
yellow apple.
APPLEv.1 Lin. Wor. To gather fir-cones or apples.
Lin. The poor people supply themselves with very good fuel by
gathering the fir-apples ; you will sometimes see twenty children
in my plantation appleing, as they call it, YOUNG Agric. Sun*.
Wor. (H.K.)
APPLE, v.2 Lin. Nhp. Hrt. Used of roots. To form
into tubers.
n-Lin.1 Apple, to bottom, to root. Spoken of potatoes, turnips,
and other bulbs. s.Nhp. Unless the soil has some mixture o£ sand
the turnips do not apple, as they call it : that is, do not bottom well,
MORTON Nat. Hist. (1712) 487. Nhp.1 Turnips apple well, when
the roots swell, and assume a bulbous form. Hrt. [Turnips] did
apple or bottle well, ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) IV. iv. 70.
APPLE-BIRD, sb. Dev. Cor. The Chaffinch, Frin-
gilla coelebs.
Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Cor. SWAINSON Birds (1885)
63 ; Cor.12
APPLE-BLOWTH, sb. Dor. Som. [ae-pl-bliib.] Apple
blossom. See Blowth.
Dor. When the apple-blooth is falling and everything so green,
HARDY Tess (1891) 159. Som. To inspect the apple-blooth and
hear the birds sing, RAYMOND Gent. Upcolt (1893) 105.
APPLE-BOUT, sb. n.Wil. [ae-pl-beut] An apple-
dumpling.
Wil.1
APPLE-CART, sb. Nhb. Yks. Der. Lin. Som. Used
metaph. in various ways.
1. Of the human body.
n.Cy. Down with his apple-cart [knock or throw him down]
(HALL.). n.Yks. He'll sharpen thy apple-cart for thee [he will
thrash thee, if thou dost not take care] (I.W.). nw.Der.1. Lin.1
leying ' „.
2. Of anything carried, chiefly in phr. to upset the apple-
cart.
Som. Don't upsit th' apple-cart ! That is, be careful you do not
let fall anything carried, PULMAN Sketches (1842) 77, ed. 1871.
3. Of a plan, project. Also in phr. as above.
Nhb.1 That's upset his apple-cairt for him, aa think [that has
completely stopped his project].
APPLE-DERN, sb. Cor. [arpl-dan.]
Cor.2 Apple-dern, the dead and dry stock of an apple-tree, MS.
add.
APPLE-DRANE, sb. Som. Dev. Cor. A wasp.
w.Cy. Apple-drone, a wasp ; a terrible devourer of apples and
more especially when they are beaten or ground to make cider
(HALL.). •w.Som.1 Common, but not so much used as ' wapsy."
Dev. Leek bullocks sting'd by appledranes, P. PINDAR Royal Visit
(1816) III. 365 ; An' apple-dreane an' a drumble-drone Wert aw'
ther' wert ter zee ; Th' drumble-drone lay dead i' th' snaw, Th'
yapple-dreane i' th' dree ! ' MADOX-BROWN DivaleBluth (1876) bk.
iv. ii ; I dreamt there wor an apple-drain buzzin', PEARD Mothei
Molly (1889) 145 ; There's a appledrane's nist down in the cassia-
tree moot, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 47 ; Appledrane, a wasp or bee,
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Cor.1 Apple-drain, a drone, a wasp.
[See Drone.]
APPLE-FOOT, sb. War. Shr. Glo. An apple pasty or
turnover.
War.3 An apple turnover of clumsy shape. Shr.1 The plural
form of the term is ' applefit.' They are often given to the men
for their ' bait.' Now, Dick, bin yo' gwei'n to get any bayye [sic] ?—
W'a'n 'ee got?— Apple fut. Glo. NORTHALL Flit. Phr. (1894).
APPLE-GARTH, sb. Obs.*. Yks. [a'pl-gab.] An
orchard.
n.Yks.2 e.Yks.1 Still preserved in Apple-garth looan— a lane
at Bridlington which led to the orchards of the monastery, previous
to the dissolution, MS. add. (T.H.)
[An applegarthe,/owan'M»«, LEVINS Manip. ; An appelle
garth, pometum, Cath. Angl. See Garth.]
APPLE-GOB
[65]
APRICOCK
APPLE-GOB, sb. Shr. A boiled apple-dumpling. Cf.
gob.
Shr.1
APPLE-JACK, sb. e.An. Apples sliced and sugared,
and baked in a pastry crust. Sometimes used of apples
pared, and baked whole inside the dough.
e.An.1 A homely sort of pastry, made by folding sliced apples with
sugar in a coarse crust and baking them without a pan. Also called
flap-jack, apple-hoglin, crab-lanthorn, turn-over. Nrf. We shall
have roast-beef and apple-jack for dinner to-day (P.K.E.); Nrf.1
Apple-John, sugared apples, baked in a square thin paste, the
two opposite corners flapped, or turned over. Suf. An apple jack
contains only one apple, whole and pared (F.H.) ; Suf.1 Apple-jack,
or Apple-John, sugared apples, baked in a paste, with two opposite
corners turned over the apple, or flapped so as to form a ' three
square.'
APPLE- JOHN, sb. Chs. War. e.An.
1. A special kind of apple.
Chs. War. WISE Shakespere (1861) 97. e.An.1 Apple-John,
John-apple, a species of apple.
2. See Apple-jack.
[1. John-apple, a good relished apple that lasts 2. years,
KERSEY ; Nor John-apple, whose wither'd rind entrench'd
By many a furrow aptly represents Decrepid age, PHILLIPS
Cider (NARES) ; I am withered like an old apple-John,
SHAKS. i Hen. IV, in. iii. 5. This apple is so called because
it is ripe about St. John's Day (June 24).]
APPLE-OWLING, sb. Wil. The custom of knocking
off from the trees the useless fruit remaining, after the
apple-harvest has been gathered in.
Wil.1 Apple-owling, knocking down the small worthless fruit, or
'griggles,' left on the trees after theapple crop hasbeen gathered in.
APPLE-PIE, sb. Yks. Chs. Glo. Hrt. Suf. Ess. Name
given to various plants : (i) Artemisia vulgaris, or mug-
wort (Chs.) ; (2) Cardamine pratensis, or lady-smock
(Yks.) ; (3) Epilobium hirsutum, or great hairy willow
herb (Yks. Chs. Glo. Hrt. Suf. Ess.) ; (4) ? Lychnis
diurna (n.Yks.).
(i) Chs.1 Apple-pie. (3) n.Yks. Apple-pie, from time immemorial
the name for the hairy willow herb, from the scent of its flowers
strongly resembling the smell of warm apple-pie (G.M.T.). Chs.3
The great hairy willow herb is called Apple-pie, the smell re-
sembling that of the apple. Glo.1 Hmp.1 (4) n.Yks. Apple-pie,
? Lychnis diuma (I.W.).
APPLE-PIE BED, sb. Gen. colloq. use in Eng. A bed
made by way of a practical joke with one sheet so folded
as to make entry impossible.
Nhp.1 Apple-pie bed. A bed is so called when it is made with
a single sheet, one end tucked under the pillow, the other turned
over at the top, which doubles the sheet in the middle, and pre-
vents the longitudinal extension of the occupant. Colloq. Some
' evil-disposed persons ' have already visited his room, made his
bed into an apple-pie, plentifully strewn with hairbrushes and
razors, Sat. Review (Nov. 3, 1883) 566, col. 2 (FARMER) ; The
servants, who. to begin with, thought nothing more amusing than
the young gentlemen's apple-pie beds and booby-traps, have
reached the verge of mutiny by the fifth week, Standard (Aug. 3,
1889) 5, col. 2 ; Apple-pie bed, so called from the apple turnover,
a sort of pie in which the crust is turned over the apples, N. & Q.
(t894) 8th S. v. 347.
APPLE-PIE FLOWER, sb. n.Hmp. See Apple-pie (3).
APPLE-PIE ORDER, sb. Gen. dial, use in Eng. Phr.
expressive of perfect order and regularity.
w.Yks.8 A room with everything tidy and properly placed is
pronounced to be ' in apple-pie order.' Lin.1 The house was in
apple-pie order. Oxf.1 MS. add. Colloq. I am just in the ' order '
which some folks — though why I am sure I can't tell you — would
call apple-pie, BARHAM Ingoldsby (1864) Old Woman in Grey.
APPLE-PIE PLANT, see Apple-pie (3).
APPLE-PUMMY, sb. Som. [ae-pl-pumi.] The pulp
of apples remaining after all the cider has been ex-
tracted.
w.Som.1 While full of juice and in process of cider making,
the ground apples are simply pummy. I've a-drawd a load o'
apple-pummy up in the copse ; I reckon they [the pheasants]'!!
zoon vind it out.
[Water wherein a good quantity of apple-pomice hath
been boil'd, EVELYN Pomona (1664) 95 (N.E.B.).]
VOL. i.
APPLE-RINGIE, sb. Sc. Also written apple-ringy,
apple-riennie (B. & H.). The plant Southernwood,
Artemisia abrotomnn.
Sc. Would you like some slips of apple-ringy, or tans}' or thyme ?
Petticoat Tales (1823) I. 240 (JAM.); The aipple-ringic and the
sweet brier, OCHILTREE Redbtirti (1895) ii. Ayr. The window
looked into a small garden rank with appleringy , and other fragrant
herbs, GALT Sir Andrew (1821'; 1.44. Lnk. Here is plenty of apple-
ringy, FRASER Whatips (1895) i.
[Apple-ringie may prob. be a corn of AFr. averoine
(WRIGHT Voc. 554. 14); cp. Fr. aurone. Aiironnr, the herb
Southernwood, COTGR. Lat. abrotonum.]
APPLE-SHEELY, sb. Nhb. The Chaffinch, Fringilla
coelebs. See Sheely.
Nhb.1
APPLE-STUCKLIN, sb. Nrf. Suf. Sus. Hmp. I.W. Also
written -stucklun I.W.1; -stucklen I.W.2 [ae-pl-st^klan.]
Apples sliced or whole, sugared, and baked in a paste.
Cf. apple-turnover.
Nrf., Suf., Sus., Hmp. A homely sort of pastry, made by folding
sliced apples with sugar in a coarse paste, and baking them with-
out adish or pan, HOLI.OWAY. I.W.1; I.W.2 Apple-dumpling baked.
APPLE-TERRE, sb. Obs. Sus. An orchard.
e.Sns. HOLLO WAY ; Sus.12
[Apple + Fr. terre, a piece of ground.]
APPLE-TURNOVER, sb. Lin. Lei. Wor. A kind of
apple-tart baked without a dish.
n.Lin.1 Apple-turnover, an apple puff. . Lei.1 Apple-turnover, a
large puff, made with a circular or oval piece of paste doubled
over, and containing apples. Wor. (J.W.P.)
APPLE-TYE, sb. Sus. A loft where apples are kept.
Sus.1
[See Tye.]
APPLETY-MOY, sb. Wm. [a'plti-moi.] Apples
stewed to a pulp.
Win. Applety-moi consists of apples stewed until soft and then
crushed to a pulp (E.W.P.) ; Bobby browt oot a girt weyshin pot
full a applety-moi, Spec. Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 10.
[Cp. ME. applemoyle (also pomesmoille in gloss. Cookery
Bks. (E.E.T.S. 91) ; appitlmoy in Form of Cury, 79. May,
moyle, repr. Fr. mouille, moistened, soaked.]
APPROBATION, sb. Rut. [aeprabe'Jan.] An authori-
tative opinion.
Rut.1 I can't make out what's wrong wi' her ; so I shall send for
Clark, and get his approbation of it.
[An old meaning of this word was the action of authori-
tatively declaring good or true ; hence the dial, sense
' opinion.' By learned approbation of the judges, SHAKS.
Hen. VIII, i. ii. 71.]
APPROOF, sb. Yks. Som. [apru'f.]
1. Approval, praise.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (June 7, 1884). m.Yks. Speaking of
Hungarian flour, an old farmer used words after this fashion —
' Such rubbish as that gets no approof of mine' (W.B.T.). Som.
He may crack about his dairy as much as he do like, but 'e see
the judge giv" he no approof (W.B.T.).
2. Obsol. Courage, pluck tried by experience.
w.Yks. I like Jack better nor Tom ; there's more approof in
him (W.B.T.).
[This word is noted as old in JOHNSON. 1. One and the
self-same tongue, Either of condemnation, or approof,
SHAKS. M. for Meas. n. iv. 174. 2. A soldier and of very
valiant approof, ib. Alts Well, n. v. 3. OFr. aprove, proof,
trial.]
APPURTENANCES, sb. Cor. The heart, liver, and
lungs of an animal.
Cor.2
[An appurtenance of a lamb, viscera, pantices, COLES
(1679). This word is freq. found in its aphetic form
purtenance, q.v.]
APRICOCK, sb. n.Cy. Lan. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Shr.
Hrf. Som. [e'prikok.] The apricot. See Abricock.
N.Cy.1, n-Lan.1, nXin.1, Lei.1, Nhp.1, War.3, Shr.1, Hrf.1 Som.
JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825).
[Apricot or apricock, a kind of wall-fruit, JOHNSON ;
An apricock, Malum praecoquum, COLES (1679) ; Abricot,
the abricot or apricock plumb, COTGR. ; Yond dangling
K
APRIL
[66]
APTYCOCK
apricocks, SHAKS. Rich. II, HI. iv. 29 ; Of trees or fruites
to be set or remooved, i. Apple-trees ... 2. Apricocks
TUSSER Hush. 76. Port, albricoque. See Abricock. |
APRIL, sb. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. War.
Comp. (i) -errand, an errand upon which a person is sent
on the first of April, as a practical joke ; (2) -gawby,
(3) -gob. (4) -gobby, (5) -gowk, (6) -noddy, various names
for an April fool.
(i) n.Cy. This ... is called a ' gawk's errand,' ' an April errand,'
'hunt the gowk,' Fit-Lore Rec. (1879) VII. 85. (2) Chs.1 April
gawby. War. (J.R.W.) (3) Chs.1 April gob. nw.Der.1 April gob.
an April fool. (4) Chs.1 April gobby. (5) n.Cy. We in the North call
persons who are thus deceived, April-gowks, BRAND Pop. Antiq.
(1777") 400 ; April gowks are past and gone, You're a fool and I am
none [i. e. after midday, the person who attempts the joke is called
the fool], Flk-LoreRec. (1879) VII. 85. Nhb.1 The cuckoo has become
synonymous with jest and joke ; gowk is cuckoo. Boy : ' Hi,
canny man. see what ye've dropt.' The canny man turns round to
see, and is hailed with a yell, ' O, ye April-gowk ! ' as the boy
runs off. Cum. One of these gentlemen we hope to send back
to London as our representative in Parliament, and the other as
an April-gowk [speech of a political West Cumbrian gentleman,
Apr. i, 1879] (M.P.); Cum.1 n. Yks.2 April gowk, an April fool.
The old custom of making April fools is said to have proceeded
from letting insane persons be at large on the first of April, when
amusement was made by sending them on ridiculous errands.
April day is here called ' Feeals' haliday,' fools' holiday. (6) n.Lan.1
Apple-noddy's past an' gone, An' thou's a noddy for thinkin' on.
APRIL-FOOL, sb. Lei. One upon whom practical
jokes are successfully played.
Lei.1 A person may be made an April-fool of at any time of the
year. Ah suppose a wanted to mek a Epril fule on me.
APRILLED, ppl. adj. Dev. [apri'ld.] Sour, on the
point of turning sour, applied to milk or beer. Also,
fig., to a person's temper.
Dev.Aprill'd, turned sour, MOORE Hist. Dev. (1829) I. 353. n.Dev.
Why, than tha wut be a prilled, or a muggard [made sour, or
sullen], Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 194; Aprilld, soured, or beginning
to turn sour, when applied to milk or beer, GROSE (1790) MS. add.
(H.) ; Bin 'e wur aprilled hours ago, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) 4.
Dev.1 Why, the ale was worse ;— that was a-prill'd, was maukish,
dead as dishwatter, pt. ii. 12.
[A- (pref?)+ prilled, pp. of prill, q.v.]
APRON, sb. Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also
written apern se.Wor.1 w.Som.1 [a'pran, a'pan.]
1. The diaphragm of an animal.
e.Yks.1 nXin.1 The inner fat of a pig and the fat of a goose
are called the pig-appern and the goose-appern. se.Wor.1 Apern
or Apun, the midriff of a pig. e.An.1 Apron, the cawl or omentum
of a hog. Dev. He drove his long brow-antler up to its hilt in
the hound's side ; and then, in withdrawing it, brought out that
portion of the interior known as ' the apron ' Memoir Russell
(.1878) xiii.
2. The skin covering the belly of a roast duck or goose.
n.Lan.1 Sus., Hmp. Apron, the flat, skinny covering of the body
of a goose or duck, HOLLOWAY w.Som.1 The skin between the
breast-bone and the tail of a duck or goose when sent to table, is
called the apern.
3. The abdomen of the brachyurous . . . crustaceans, as
crabs ; so called because it is folded under and closely
applied to the thorax (CD.).
Bnff.1 e.Yks.1 Appron, the hinge-like appendage of a crab's
4. A strip of lead on a chimney.
e.An.2 The upper part of a chimney opening above the grate. Suf.
A piece of lead or zinc fastened to the front of a chimney where it
the" roof r°tPreVenttherain """""& down the chimney through
5. Comp. fij Apron-man, a tradesman, a mechanic •
(2) -piece, (3) -string farmer, see below ; (4) -strinK-
wo' PTOperty held in virtue of a wife ! (5) -trad!,
wom
(i)
(2) eXan.1 Appron-piece, the front part of a fire-
range which supports the oven. (3) s.Wor. Apron string farmer,
an effeminate town-bred farmer (H.K.). (4) Hrt. A man being pos:
sessed of a house and large orchard by apron-string-hold, felled
almost all h,s fruit-trees, because he expected the death of his sick
wife, ELLIS Mod. Hush (nioWI
traade oal petch'd to scraim/r V
^ r- -
$ ^
[2. Apron of a goose, in popular language, the fat
skin which covers the belly, BAILEY (1755). 4. The
aprons (of lead) round the chimney-stalks, LOUDON, § 935
(N.E.D.). 5. You have made good work, you and your
apron-men, SHAKS. Cor. iv. vi. 96; We answered the
apron-man (the wine-drawer), ROWLEY Search for Money,
1609 (NARES, s. v. Aperner).— The dial, form apern was
common in the i6th and i7th cents. Apernes of mayle,
STOW Survey, XII. 103; Semjcinctium . . . Tablier, a womans
aperne, an artificers or handicraftsmans aperne, Nomeit-
clator (NARES).
APROPO, v. Som. To match, resemble.
w.Som.1 Dhik'ee dhae-ur aa'breepoa-z muyn nuzaak'lee [that one
resembles, or matches, mine exactly]. I heard this spoken of a
canary. By no means uncommon.
[Fr. a propos, fitly, just pat (CoTGR.).]
APS, sb. War. Glo. Hrt. Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp. Wil.
Som. Dev. Cor. Also written apse Sur.1 Sus.1 Hmp.1
w.Som.1 nw.Dev.1; eps Ken.1 [aps, aeps, aps.] Theaspen-
tree, Populus tremula. See Asp.
War. Aps, or Apse, the oldest form of asp or aspen. Glo.1 Hrt.
ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) VII. i. 101. Ken. May 7, 1787. For
32 feet Epps Timber at iod per foot £i 6s. 8d., Pluckley Overseers
Ace. (P.M.) ; Eps, an asp tree (K.) ; Ken.1 ; Ken.2 Sur.1 A field in
Titsey parish is called the Apses field. Hmp.1 Made out of apse
[made of aspen wood]. Wil.1 Always so called by woodmen. w.Som.1
The wind Ve a blowed down a girt limb o' thick apse tree. nw.Dev.1
Hence Apsen, made of aps or aspen wood ; comp.
Apsen-tree, the aspen.
Sus. They must be taken without the patient's knowledge . . . and
put into a hole in an apsen tree, EGERTON Flks. and Ways (1884) 112.
Som. JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng. (1869). Cor.1 Severing [shivering]
like an apsen-tree.
[OE. ceps, the aspen-tree (in Leechdoms and dLlfric
Gloss.).}
APS, see Haps.
APSE, sb. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written aps. [aps.]
An abscess, tumour.
w.Som.1 Her 've a got a apse 'pon her neck. Dev. N. & Q.
(1857) 2nd S. iii. 240. s.Dev. Fox Kingsbridge (1874). Cor. Apse
is with us an evident corruption of abscess, ./V. & Q. (1857^ 2nd
S. iii. 240.
[A corruption of abscess.]
APSE, int. Chs. Also^ written arpse Chs.13; yaps,
yahpse, yeps s.Chs.1 [yaps, yeps.] An exclamation of
surprise or reproof, as in phr. apse upon thee.'
Chs.1 Apse upon thee ! or Arpse upon thee ! If a man took up a
piece of iron which he unexpectedly found was too hot to hold he
would, very likely, in dropping it, make use of the exclamation;
Chs.3 Apse, or Arpse upon thee ! An exclamation often used in
scolding a child for some peccadillo ; like ' Out upon thee!' s.Chs.1
Yaps upon yO!
APT, adj. Irel. [apt] Of persons: certain, sure.
Ir. They'll be apt to keep her in it all's one. BARLOW Lisconnel
(1893) 8; Ay, he's a terrible big man, isn't he? Apt to knock the
head off himself he'd be, if he was offering to come in at our door,
ib. 86. n.Ir. If you go out to-day you'll be apt to take cold. If you
cut the loaf that way you'll be apt to cut yourself (W.H.P.).
Hence Aptly, certainly, without fail.
Ant. Will you be drawing turf for me to-morrow? — I aptly will
APTISH, adj. Yks. [a-pti/.]
1. Skilful, useful, accurate.
n.Yks.1
2. Intelligent, quick-witted.
Yks. I have heard an old country schoolmaster speak of a lad
as an aptish pupil, but I do not fancy the word is generally known
(R.S.). n-Yks.1 He's eptish at his book-lear ; n.Yks.2
{Apt, prompt, ready to learn + -ish.]
APTYCOCK. Dor. Cor. Also written aptcock.
[ae-pti-kok, ae'pt-kok.] A clever little fellow.
Dor. I have heard ' aptcock ' (T.C.P.). Cor.1 Well done, my little
apticock ; Cor.2
[Apt, intelligent, quick-witted -I- -cock, the well-known
suff. in surnames, as in Alcock, Badcock ; prob. fr. the
use of ' cock ' as a familiar term of appreciation for a man
who fights with pluck and spirit]
A-PURPOSE
[67]
ARCHIE
A-PURPOSE,rtflfo. Nhb.Wm.Lan.Oxf.Brks. [aparpas,
apa pas.] On purpose, deliberately, with intention.]
Nhb.1 He's deund aporpose to myek hissel leuk clivvor. Wm.1
Lan. O purpus fur to let foke get o seete on um, ORMEROD 1'elley
fro Raclide (1851) i; 'An accident done a-purpose,' chimed in
Mrs. Clowes, BANKS Manch. Man (1876) xiv. Oxf.1 He done it
a-purpose, MS. add. Brks.1 A drow'd [threw] I down a-purpose
[A-, on + purpose.]
APURT, adj. and adv. Som. Dev. [ap5't.]
1. adj. Sulky, sullen, disagreeable.
n.Dev. B'ant hur well, Nan ? Is our Nell apurt. ROCK Jim ati Nell
(1867) st. 55 ; GROSE (1790) ; Apurt, with a glouting look, Monthly
Mag. (1808) II. 421. Dev.1 BET. I can't go, zure. — RAB. Wull,
verywull. — BET. You bea-purtnow, pt. i.g; 'Ot,' quotha to dame,
' glumping eet ? zo it sim you are a-purt with your meat,' pt. ii. 13.
2. adv. In a sulky manner ; disagreeably.
w.Som.1 Her tookt her zel off proper apurt, and no mistake.
nw.Dev.1
[A- (pref?)+purt(io sulk), q.v.]
APURTED, adj. Dev. Sullen.
Dev. They only thought it was my ' appurted witherful develtry,'
as they called it, MADOX-BROWN Dwale Bluth (1876) bk. iv. i.
[A- (prtf.2)+ purled, pp. ofpurt, see above.]
AQUABOB, sb. Ken. An icicle.
Ken. GROSE (1790) ; I have never heard this, and on inquiry
cannot hear of it ; it looks rather like a fabrication (P.M.) ; Ken.1
AQUART, adv. Yks. Also written aquairt n.Yks.2
[akwe'rt, akwe't]
1. Across, athwart
ne.Yks.1 Used of motion across. T'beeos ran a-quart t'staggarth.
2. In a state of disagreement, at cross purposes.
n.Yks.1 What, then, Marget an' her man hae getten aquart agen?
—Ay, they's had another differing-bout ; n.Yks.2 There's nought to
get aquairt about. w.Yks. (yE.B.)
[A-, on + quart, vb. (q.v.).]
AQUAT, adv.1 Dor. Som. Also written aquott.
[akwo't.] In a squatting position.
w.Dor. ROBERTS Hist. Lyme Regis (1834). e.Som. Aquat, sit-
ting flat, likeabird on its eggs, W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 Steed
o' tendin' the things, there was he a-quat down in by the vire [s.v.
Quat].
[A-, on + quat, vb. (q.v.).]
AQUAT, adv.2 Dev. Also written aquot Dev.3
[akwo't, akwa't.] Full to satiety.
Dev. 'Chave eat so much 'cham quit a-quot [I have eat so much
that I am cloyed], RAY (1691). n.Dev. I mind an alkitole o't Avore
a month had got a-quot, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 61 ; Aquott,
weary of eating, GROSE (1790). Dev.3 Willee 'a zome moar tii ayte,
missis ? — No thankee, vather, I be aquat now; purty nigh vit tu bust.
[A- (pre/.2) + quat, adj. (q.v.).]
AQUEESH, ACQUEESH, see Atweesh.
AR, see Air, adj., AIT.
AR-, see Ear-.
ARADJ, sb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Der. Not. Also written
arran Dur.1 n.Yks. ne.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 ne.Lan.1; aran
n.Cy. w.Yks.3; arrin Der.2 nw.Der.1; arrand, arand,
arrant w.Yks. ; arrian w.Yks.2 [a'rand, a'rant, a'ran,
a'rian.]
1. A spider, a cobweb.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). Yks. At public worship the composure
of a lady near him is much disturbed by an arrant, HAMILTON
Nugae Lit. (1841) 316; Arran, the long-legged outdoor spider
(S.P.U.). n.Yks. Sweep'th Arrans down ; till all be clean, neer
lin, Els he'l leauk all Agye, when he comes in, MERITON Praise Ale
(1684) 1. 437. w.Yks. Arran is used in this parish for spiders of
every size, WATSON Hist. Htfx. (1775) 531 ; You never heard of
Bruce, perhaps? — And th' arrand? BRONTE Shirley (1849) v; w.Yks.1
Thou hed as nice a lang waist as onny body, as slim an as smaw,
eigh, as an arran, ii. 297 ; An arran or an Espin leaf wad a flaid him
out of his wits, ib. ii. 306 ; w.Yks.234, ne.Lan.1 Der.1 The word
arion was common in living memory, but has not been heard so
much of late years ; Der.2, nw.Der.1 Not. Arain, used only for
the larger kind of spiders, RAY (1691). [According to correspon-
dents the word is now obs. in Notts.]
2. Comp. Arain-web, Aran-web, a cobweb.
N.Cy.1, Dur.1, n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1 Arran-web, rarely used. w.Yks.
It's better to be a bit blustcrin an rough an have summat to show
for it nor to caar in a corner wol th' arrand-webs stick to yo,
HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1896) 9 ; She had hair colour o' gowd, an'
fine and silky as an arran-web, DIXON Craven Dales (1881) 189 ;
w.Yks.3 The infection of some fevers would stop in an arrinweb
for seven years ; w.Yks.5
[Arain, large spider, COLES (1677) ; Oure jeris as the
arane sail thynke . . . The erayn makes vayn webbes,
HAMPOLE Ps. Ixxxix. 10 ; Oure ;eris schulen bithenke as
an yreyn, WYCLIF ib. ; Aranye or erayne, aranea,
Prompt. OFr. araigne (iraigne), Lat. aranea, a spider.]
ARB-, see Herb-.
ARBITRARY, adj. Hrf. Ken. Sur. Also written
arbitry Hrf. Ken.1 [a'bitri.]
1. Independent, impatient of restraint.
Hrf. (W.W.S.) Sur.'
2. Hard ; greedy, grasping.
Ken.1
ARBOUR-TREE, see Harber.
ARBY-ROOT, same as Abby-root, q.v.
ARC, see Ark, sb.2
ARCG, see Argue.
ARCH, sb.1 Sc. QAM.) An aim. See Arch, v. 2.
Abd., Rxb.
ARCH, sb.2 Cor. Tech. A piece of ground left un-
worked near a shaft.
Cor. Mining Gl. (1852).
ARCH, v. Sc. Som. Cor. [e'rtj, atj.]
1. To make or cause to be convex.
w.Som.1 Thick there road must be a-arched a good bit more eet,
vore the water'll urn off vitty like.
2. To take aim, to throw or let fly any missile weapon
with a design to hit a particular object.
Sc. Shoot again, — and O see to airch a wee better this time,
Brownie ofBodsbeck, I. 155 (JAM.). Abd. Airch, to throw, is still in
use. It is [so called] from the curve described by a missile (G.W.).
Rxb. (JAM.)
Hence Arched, ppl. adj. curved, convex, see 1 ;
Archer, sb. (JAM.), one who throws, see 2 ; Arching, adj.
convex, see 1.
Cor. The roads in a mine, when built with stones or bricks, are
generally arched level drifts, Mining Gl. (1852). Tech. The roads
in a mine, when built with stones or bricks, arc sometimes called
arched level or arched ways, WEALE Diet. Terms (1873). Abd.
Archer, a marksman. w.Som.1 He idn archin enough by ever so
much.
[OFr. archer (mod. arquer), to arch, to curve in the form
of a bow (arc) ; a deriv. of arc.}
ARCH, see Argh.
ARCHANGEL, sb. [ake'ngal.]
1. A name applied to several species of Dead Nettle
and allied plants :— (i) Lamium album (Lei. Glo. Dev.) ;
(2) Lamium galeobdolon (Som.) ; (3) van species of
Lamium (Glo.).
Glo.1 Dev. The harmless nettle is here [Dartmoor] called arch-
angels, BRAY Tamar and Tavy(ed. 1879) I. 274 ; Dev.4 w.Soin.1
Archangel, the yellow nettle, often called weazel snout. [Our
English archangels and a few others are yellow, Cornh. Mag. (Jan.
1882).]
2. Red Archangel, Lamium purpureum (Nrf.) ; Yellow
Archangel, Lamium galeobdolon (Lei.).
[Archangel, the name of a plant, called also Dead
Nettle, JOHNSON ; Archangel (dead nettle), Lamium, COLES
(1679) ; Ortie blanche, the herb Archangel, Blind Nettle,
Dead Nettle. Ortie puante, a kind of Archangel that smells
most filthily, COTGR. ; Lamium album, White Archangel!.
Lamium luteum, Yellow Archangell. Lamium rubrum,
Red Archangell, GERARDE (ed. 1633) 702 ; Deffe nettylle,
Archangelus, Prompt.; Archangelica, the blynd netel,
WRIGHT Voc. 565. 15.]
ARCHES, sb. pi. Tech. The first ' bungs of saggers,'
or piles of clay boxes containing ware put into the
oven.
Tech. In the pottery trade arches are the bungs which stand
nearest to the fire and between the fire-holes or mouths, Lab.
Gl. (1894).
ARCH-HOLE, sb. Cum.
Cum.1 Arch-whol, a vent-hole in the wall of a barn.
ARCHIE, see Urchin.
K 2
ARCHILOWE
[68]
ARGH
ARCHILOWE,s6. Sc. Also written -logh. The return
which a guest, who has been previously treated, makes
to the tavern company.
Sc. I propose that this good gentleman . . . shall send for a tass o'
brandy, and I'll pay for another by way of archilowe, SCOTT Rob
Roy (1817) xxviii. Lth., s.Sc. When [the guest] calls for the bottle
he is said to give them his archilagh (JAM.).
[It is prob. that this word contains Du. gelag, share,
scot, score at a tavern. Cp. Gelach, a shot or a score,
HEXHAM.]
ARD, adj. n.Cy. [erd.] Of land : dry, arid, parched,
used of soil on high-lying land.
N.Cy.1 Aird. Cum. Gl. (1851) ; Cum.12
ARDAR, sb. Obs. Cor. A plough.
Cor.12
[A Celtic Cornish word, prob. der.fr. Lat.aralrum, plough,
cogn. w. Gael, ar, plough, and Goth, arjan, to plough.]
ARDENT, adj. used as sb. Sc. [e'rdant.] Whisky.
Bnff.1 Will ye tack a glass o' wine ? — Na ; a'll tack a drop o' the
ardent.
[Cp. phr. ardent spirits, in which ardent refers to their
fiery taste.]
ARDER, sb. usually pi. The n. counties, e. and s.Cy.
(RAY) Sus. (K.) Also written ader Dur. n.Yks. ; aither
N.Cy.1 n.Yks.12 e.Yks. ; ather N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 n.Yks.2
[i'Sar, a'tSar.]
1. A ploughing, esp. the fallowing of vacant land.
n.Cy. Arders, fallowings or plowings of ground, RAY (1691).
n-Yks.1 I believe the meaning to be restricted to the ploughing or
furrowing. e.Yks. The first or second aither ; the same as ' airth '
of some places, and ' earth ' of others, MARSHALL Rur. Econ. ( 1 788).
Sus. (K.), s. & e.Cy. RAY (1691). (Obs. Not known by any of our
correspondents in these parts of the country.) [WORLIDGE Syst.
Agric. (1681).]
2. Fallow or ploughed land.
Cum. Arden [sic], fallow quarter, Gl. (1851). m.Yks.1 Aither,
furrowed ground. e.Yks. When we come to sowe olde ardure,
BEST Rur. Econ. (1641) 132.
3. Lands divided according to the crops they bear in the
customary rotation ; hence, the order or rotation of crops
in husbandry.
n.Cy. Aither, a course of cropping, or portion of the rotation,
MORTON Cycl. Agric. (1863) ; N.Cy.1 In husbandry the arders are
the divisions of tillage land set apart for regular courses of crops
in successive years. Nhb.1 Before the commons enclosures, the
tillage land was divided into ' fields.' Each field consisted of a
great number of scattered strips or ' yard lands.' The ' East field,'
' West field,' 'North field,' &c. , represented groups of different
freeholds— each owner having yard lands in all the ' Athers,' or
' fields.' The object of this was to arrange for a rotation of crops.
Thus, the East field being fallow, the West field would be under
oats, the North field under wheat, and so on in annual rotation.
Obs. Dur. What is here called four aders, viz. wheat, clover, oats,
and fallow, Rep. Agric. Surv. (1793-1813). n.Yks.2 Arders, partsof
a field. ' A field in aithers.' These words signify portions set
apart for different growths, as 'an aither of wheat,' 'an aither of
beans.'
4. Thickness of soil to work among.
n.Yks. Soil laid on a field macks mair ader (I.W.).
[1. Arders, the fallowings or ploughings of ground,
KERSEY ; Arders, fallowings or ploughings, COLES (1677) ;
Who can expect to reap much from a single ardour,
or once ploughing? ROBINSON Treat. Faith (1688) 117
(N.E.D.). Prob. ON. arSr, plough.]
ARD-SREW, sb. Nhb. Also written erdsrew.
[e-rd-sriu.] The common shrew-mouse. See Harvest-
row.
Nhb.i
ARDUR, sb. Obs. Cor.
Cor.1
[A Celtic Cornish word ; cp
agricola ' (DAVIES). See Arder.l
ARE, see Ear, v.
AREADY, adj. Som. [are'di.] Ready.
A ploughman.
W. arddwr, 'arator,
-•A i j. s^ " , ' 5°weuere, ib. (B.)
v. 192. A- (pref?) + ready, cp. yreiiie, Horn. (c. 1250) 239.]
To grant rest
gintlemen, TWEDDELL
Clml.
Nhb.1 Yen's retherairfish
AREAR, adv.1 Ken. [aria'(r).] Reared up, upright.
Ken. To stand arear (K.) ; Arear, Arere : much used in certain
districts, not all over the county (A.M.) ; Ken.1
[A-, on + rear, vb.]
AREAR, adv.2 Obs. Der. Backward, behind.
nw.Der.1
[But when his force gan faile his pace gan wex areare,
SPENSER F. Q. in. vii. 24 ; Thanne gan he go ... Som
tyme asyde and som tyme a-rere, P. Plowman(c.) vn. 405.
OFr. arere (mod. arriere).}
AREAR, int. Cor. Also written areah Cor.1
1. An exclamation of surprise. See Arrah.
Cor. Arrear then Bessy ly aloane the backy, Cornwall: A
Western Eclogue, in Gent. Mag. (1762) 287 ; Arrere, GROSE (1700)
MS. add. (C.); ' Arreah ! thon,' replied Mrs. Brown; 'that's the
way the maggot do jump, es et?' FORFAR Wizard (1871) 8;
Cor.2 Arear ! Oh, strange ! wonderful !
2. Comp. Arrea-faa.
Cor.1
AREAWT, see Arout.
AREND, v. Sc. [e-rand.] To rear.
Fif. [The horse] arendit, he stendit, He flang an' he fam'd, MS.
Poems (JAM.) ; I asked ' a Fifer' if he knew what an arend horse
was. ' A rearer,' he replied, ' because he is in danger of falling back
o'er end ' (G.W.).
ARESS, see Hairif.
AREST, v. Yks. [are'st.]
n.Yks. God a-rest you, merry
Rhymes (1875) 6.
[A- (pref.
ARF, see Argh.
ARFAL, see Arval.
ARFISH, adj. Nhb. Dur. Yks. [e'rfi/.]
1. Timid, fearful, apprehensive.
N.Cy.1 I'm rather arfish about that.
aboot eet. Dur.1 n.Yks.2 I felt arfish i' t'dark. ne.Yks.1 Ah
felt a bit arfish. e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788). w.Yks.
Harfish, timid, as horses on bog-land, HAMILTON Nugae Lit. (1841)
356 ; Mither, I'se arfish, LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) 230.
2. Unwilling, reluctant.
Nhb.1 e.Yks.1 He's nobbut very arfish to begin.
[Arf+ -is/i. See Argh, adj.]
ARG, adj. Sh.I. [arg.] Eager, fierce.
Sh.I. Arg is used regularly in Isle of Foula in the sense of keen,
very anxious (equiv. to ' aber ' in the North Isles) (J.J.). S. & Ork.1
[Dan. arg, wicked, bad; cp. G. arg.]
ARG, see Argue.
ARGAN, see Organ.
ARGE, see Argue.
ARGERIE, sb. Sh.I. [a'rgari.] A crowd, multitude.
Sh.I. ' Argerie ' I take to be the right form and not ' angorie ' ;
I have heard the former (although very rarely), but not the
latter. Argerie is rather a derogative word (mob, rabble) (J.J.).
S. & Ork.1
ARGH, adj. and adv. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lin. Also
in Sus. Also written (a)arf N.Cy.12 n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1
m. Yks.1 w.Yks. Lin.1 ; arf(e n. and e.Yks. w.Yks.1; airf
Nhb.1 ; erf Sc. ; earfe Nhb.1 Dur. ; awf e.Yks.1 ; arth
Nhb.1 ; airth N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 n.Yks.2 ; airgh, ergh, erch,
arch, airch Sc. ; auch Bnff.1 ; arrow Abd. ; yar Sus.
[af, erf, erj>, erx, a-ra.]
1. adj. Timorous, apprehensive, afraid.
Sc. In kittle times when foes are yarring We're no thought
ergh, BEATTIE To Mr. A. Ross, in Helenore (1768) 3, ed. 1812 ;
And fearfu' will it be to me, I'm erch, or a' be o'er, JAMIESON Pop.
Ballads (1806) Doitul and Evir. Bnff.1 Abd. I have an eargh
kind of feeling on hearing the owls (G.W.). N.Cy.1 He was airth
to do it ; N.Cy.2, Nhb.1, Dur. (K.) n.Yks. I'se varra arfe, Shee'l
put, and rive my ood Prunella Scarfe, MERITON Praise Ale (1684)
1. it ; n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 I was airth o' gannin. ne.Yks.1 Rooads is
seea slaap ah's arf o' travellin'. m.Yks.1 w.Yks. ' Ise arf to do
it,' generally implies difficulty, LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) ;
w.Yks.1 Lin.1 I'm arf you've hurled the bunny. It's nobbud the
soldiers come to defend the ' old women,' who are arf. Sus.1 2
2. Hesitating, reluctant, ' swithering.'
Bnff.1 Abd. An' rogues o' Jews, they are nae arrow, Wi' tricks
fu' sly, ANDERSON Poems (1813) 116 (JAM.) ; Ye're ergh to file
your fingers [unwilling to work] i,G.W.). Fit, Lth. Erf to do
ARGH
[69]
ARGUE
anything JAM.)- Nhb.1 A condition of mind in which it is neces-
sary to proceed with great caution. n.Yks.1 e.Yks.1 Arf, unwilling;
indisposed ; disinclined. m.Yks.1, w.Yks.1
3. Scanty, insufficient. Cf. 4.
Lth. Ye hae na made the line of that side o' the road straight ;
it juts out there, and here it is ergh (JAM.). Slk. Airgh, hollow ;
used when anything is wanting to make up the level (ib.). Rxb. (ib.)
4. adv. Insufficiently, not fully or enough ; nearly,
approaching to.
Lth. I canna eat that meat ; it's ergh boiled. That meat's airch
dune. Rxb. What time is it ? — It's erfe twal o'clock (JAM.).
[1. Arghe, pusillanitnis, Cath. Angl. ; Arwe or ferefulle,
timidus, pavidus, Prompt, ; If Elinus be argh and ournes
for ferde, Dest. Troy, 2540; His hert arwe as an hare,
R. GLOUC. 457. 2. A ! lorde, I trymble her I stande, So
am I arow to do bat dede, York Plays, 176. OE. earh
(earg), cowardly ; cp. ON. argr, G. and Du. arg.]
ARGH, v. Sc. Also written arch, ergh, erf. [erx, erf.)
To be timid, fearful, to feel reluctant from timidity, to
hesitate.
Sc. I airghit at keuillyng withe him in that thrawart haughty
mood, Wint. Ev. Tales, II. 41 (JAM.) ; Argh, to dread, quake or
tremble with fear (ib. Suppl.). Lnk. Dear Jenny, I wad speak
t'ye, wad ye let ; An' yet I ergh, ye're ay sae scornfu' set, RAMSAY
Gentle Shep. (1725) 71, ed. 1783.
[Yet when I had done all I intended, I did ergh to let
it go abroad at this time for sundry reasons, BAILLIE Lett.
(I775) I- 36? (JAM-) > penne arjed Abraham, and all his
mod chaunged, Allit. P. (B.) 713. OE. eargian (ergian), to
be timid.]
ARCHNESS, sb. Sc. Yks.
1. Timidity, superstitious fear.
Abd. An erghness creeps over me in going through a churchyard
by night (G.W.).
2. Reluctance, unwillingness.
Sc. We must regret their archness to improve such an oppor-
tunity, WODROW Hist. Ch. Scotland (1721) I. xxxii. n.Yks. They
had some arfness about starting wark (I.W.).
[Arghnes, pusillanitnitas, Cath.Angl.; Arjnesse alse me
thynkth ys hard, Fore hit maketh a man a coward, MS.
in HALL. Argh, adj. + -ness.]
ARGIE-BARGIE, sb. Sc. QAM.)
Rnf., Ayr., Lnk. Argie-bargie, a contention, quarrel.
ARGIE-BARGIE, v. Sc. Also written arguy-barguy.
To argue, bandy words, dispute.
Frf. I'se nae time to argy-bargy wi' ye, Davit, BARRIE Licht
(1885) 35, ed. 1893. Fif. (JAM.) Gall. It was no time to argie-
bargie about words and sayings, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) xv.
Hence Arguy-barguying, vbl. sb.
Sc. There was eternal arguy-barguy in' about this plea, ROY
Horseman (1895) xxxix.
ARGISGME, adj. Lin. Nhp. Bck. [a'gisam.] Con-
tentious, inclined to argue or dispute.
n.Lin. A argisum bairn maks a awk'ud man (M.P.) ; n-Lin.1 It's
the argisumist bairn I iver did see. Nhp.2 n.Bck. (A.C.)
[Argue, vb. + -some. For suff. cp. handsome, winsome."}
ARGLE, sb. Lin. [a'gl.] An argument, a dispute.
sw.Lin. My wife and she had a bit of an argle about it (R.E.C.).
[See Argle, v .]
ARGLE, v. Der. Lin. War. Won Also written argal
se.Wor.1 ; argel Lin. [a'gl.]
1. To argue, dispute, contend, esp. in making a bargain ;
to argle out, to have the last word with one's opponent in
an argument.
Lin. They argell'd for awhile, at last He thirteen for a shilling
got, BROWN Lit. Laur. (1890) 74. n.Lin. Thaay stood an' argled
a peace, PEACOCK Tales and Rhymes (1886) 90 ; n-Lin.1 Come
maister, it's no use to argle. se.Wor.1 Er argald me out, as your
new shawl was blue, un it's green now, yunt it ?
2. Hence Argling, vbl. sb.
Der.2, nw.Der.1 n.Lin. I thowt she'd a' bitten me wi' real down
force o' arglein', PEACOCK J. Markenjuld (1874) I. 135 ; n-Lln.1
What's the good o' arglein' about what folks is worth. War.
(J.R.WO
[I will never stand argling the matter any more, Hay
any Work (1589), ed. 1844, n (N.E.D.). A perversion of
argue, vb., fr. the influence of freq. vbs. in -le.]
ARGLE-BARGLE, sb. Lin. An argument. Cf.
argie-bargie.
n.Lin.1
ARGLE-BARGLE, v. Sc. Lin. A frequentative of
argie-bargie, q.v.
Per. Ye maist needs set him up tae arglebargle wi' a stranger
minister at the Free Kirk, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush (1895) 214.
Ayr. It's of no use to argol-bargol wi' me, GALT Sir Andrew (1822)
xii. Lnk. But 'tis a daffin to debate, And aurgle-bargin with our fate,
RAMSEY (1727) I. 335, ed. 1800 (JAM.). Lth.(JxM.) Edb. Me and the
minister were just argle-bargling some few words on the doctrine of
the camel and the eye of the needle, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828)
45. n.Lin.1
Hence (i) Argle-bargler, sb. a caviller, contentious
person ; (2) Argle-barging, -bargling, vbl. sb.
(i) Ayr. As the arglebarglers in the House of Parliament have
threatened, GALT Legatees (1820) iv. (2) After no little argol-
bargling with the heritors, ib. Ann. Parish (1821) vii. e.Lth. Let's
hae nae mair argle-bargin', HUNTER J. Inwick (1895) 39. Edb.
James and me, after an hour and a half s argle-bargling pro and con,
MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) xi.
[A reduplicated rhyming form of argle, vb.]
ARGOL-BARGOLOUS, adj. Sc. Quarrelsome, con-
tentious about trifles (JAM.).
Ayr. No doubt his argol-bargolous disposition was an inherit
accumulated with his other conquest of wealth from the mannerless
Yankies, GALT Provost (1822) 194.
ARGOSEEN, sb. ? Obs. Sc. (JAM.) Unknown to any
of our correspondents. The lamprey.
Ayr. Argoseen, the lamprey, according to the old people.
ARGOSIE, sb. Obs. Sh.I. Anger.
S. & Ork.1
ARGUE, sb. Sc. Stf. Der. Shr. [a'rgi, a'gi.] Also
written argy Stf.2 nw.Der.1 Shr.12
1. Argument, assertion ; dispute, contention, quarrel.
n.Sc. He is said to keep his ain argie, who, whatever be said to
the contrary, still repeats what he has formerly asserted. Cf. ' to
keep one's ain threap ' (JAM.). Stf.2 We'd a ret good argy about th'
state of church last net. nw.Der.1 Shr^Argue,)*. We'ad'nafine
argy 'bout it, 'im an' me ; Shr.2 Getting into an argy.
[Argue, vb., used as sb.]
ARGUE, v. In gen. dial. use. Also written argy Nhb.1
Cum.13 Wm.1 Chs.1 n.Lin.1 War.2 Shr.1 Brks.1 Sur.
nw.Dev.1 Cor.2; argie Sc. Lan. ; argay N.I.1 ; arg Nhp.2
War.2 Hrf.12 Glo.1 Oxf.1 Sus.1 Hmp. Wil.1 Dor. w.Som.1
Cor.12 ; arge Glo. ; arcg Cor. (GROSE, C.) ; erger, erg
Pem. [a-rgi, e'rgi, a-gi, ag.]
1. To contend in words, often with a strong sense of
contradiction involved ; hence, to dispute, wrangle ; to
arg out, to get the last word in an argument ; cf. down-
arg.
Rnf., Ayr., Lnk. Ye'll argie ither fra morn ti' nicht ; ye're never
done wi't (JAM. Suppl.). N.I.1 You would argay the black crow
white. Nhb.1 Cum.3 I know hoo you mak o' fwok argies, 132.
Wm.1 e.Yks. Ah sudn't begin to arguy wiv him, WRAY Nestleton
(1876)69. n.Lan.1 Tourist: 'It's a fine morning.' — Rusticc'Why,
dud I say it wosn't ? dus' ta want to argie ! ' Chs.1 He argid till he
wur black i' th' face. nXin.1 Nhp.2 Them two be ollas argin.
War.2 Don't argy so. You'd arg anybody out o' their wits.
se.Wor.1 Shr.1 It dunna si'nify talkin' ; I 'ate to 'ear folks argy
throm mornin' till night about nuthin'. Hrf.1 2 He would arg me
that it was so. s.Pem. LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 420 ; From mornin'
to night he's ergin' av her, BROWN Haverfordwest (1882) 56. Glo.
Well, then they arged for iver so long, BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn
(1890) ii ; Glo.1 Oxf.1 I teld'n 'twas, but a arg'd I out 'twasn't.
(An argument is seldom more than a succession of statements and
flat contradictions; as, ' I knows 'tis'; ' I knows chent.') Brks.1
Sur. Well I can't argy it, not being a scholard, JENNINGS Field
Paths (1884) 137 ; Sur.1 Sus.1 These chapelfolks always wants
to arg. Hmp. They'd harg me out o' my Christian name (J.R.W.).
Wil.1 Dwoan't 'ee arg at I like that! I tell 'ee I zeed 'un ! w.Dor.
ROBERTS Hist. Lyme Reg. (1834). w-Som.1 He wanted vor t'arg
how I 'adn agot no right vor to go there, but I wadn gwain vor to
be a downarg by he. n.Dev. Lord, dame, doant agg an' argy
zo, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) St. 6; nw-Dev.1 Cor.1 He's all'ays
ready to argee ; Cor.2
2. To be of weight or account in an argument ; hence,
to signify.
Cum. See how blue the sky is.— That doesn't argy. It might be
ARGUFICATION
[70!
ARK
better with never a blenk of blue, CAINE Hagar(i6&i) L 45 ; Com.1
It doesn't argy. nJ>ev. Ott dith et argy. Dame, to roil. ROCK Jim
a*1 Aa/(i867)st8a.
3. To show-testiness, be ill-tempered, or contentious ; to
be self-willed
Sns. To arg. to want one's own way. Don't arg. don't be cross.
4. To grumble.
Som. VG.AW.)
Hence Arging, vbL sb. and ppl. adj. arguing.
Der.2. War.2
[L I'll are. as I did now, for credance againe. HEYWOOD
Spider &> Flit (NARES) ; Quath Actyf fo al angryliche
and argueynge as hit were, What is pouerte pacient?
P. Plowman (c.) XVIL 115.]
ARGUFICATION, sb. Nhp. Shr. Hrf. [agifike-pm.]
1. Dispute.
Shr.2
2. Significance, import.
Nhp.1 There's no argufication in that. Hrt1 Of no argufication.
3. Investigation. ? Obs.
Shr.2 [Not known to our correspondents.")
[Deriv. from argufy, q.v., with suff. -ation. after the
analogy of signification from signify.]
ARGUFY, v. In gen. dial. use. Also written argify
Wm.1 w.Yks.8 Chs.1 Stf.« Lin. War.4 seWor.1 GIo.1 Bdf.
Nrf. Ken. Sur.1 Sus.1 Dor. w.Som.1 Dev.1 nw.Dev.1;
arguify Sus.a ; argeefy Cor.1 ; argnefy Ess. Som. See
below, [a-rgifai. a'gifai, a'gifoi.]
L To argue, dispute ; to wrangle.
Gall. But we talked to him an' argufied wi' him, CROCKETT Popish
Parson (1896). IT. You might as well be argufyin' wid a scutty-
wren. BARLOW Lisctnuut (1895) 151. Wm.1. n-Yks.1 w.Yks.1
Wheniwer I've argified wi' em, ii. 319 ; w.Yks.2 Lan. Hoo's a
rare un fur gab when hoo taks th' notion, an' I'm noan so mich
i' th' humour t'argufy mysen to-day. BURNETT Lowrie's ,i877x ii.
Chs.1 What, tha wants for t'argify. dost ta ? Stt2 Oi wunnar
argifoi wi ys, mester, bar oim sartin oim reiL Hot.1. n-Lin.1. Lei.1
Nhp.1 Don't argufy with me any longer. War. (J.R.W.V ; War.23
Shr.1 It's no use yo' to argufy, for yo'n never mak me believe to the
contrairy. Glo. I be'unt the man to argify with *e about a body.
GISSIXG BoOi of this Parish (1889) I. 19, Hut (T.P.F.) Ken.
My poor old aed's dat addle I can' argify, not no sheap ! Ef erra won
6v my little uns want to argify [dispute my authority] I jest gin
'im a tidy spat, an' dat shets "im up an' done wid it : A. M. ) Sos.2
s.Hmp. Well, we needn't argufy it, VERSEY L. Lisle ^1870) viiL
w J)or. ROBERTS ffist. Lymt Ktg. ( 1834 . Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial.
a:Eng. ^1825% w-Som.1 Tuumbl fuul'ur t-aaTgifuy, ee oa'n
niivur gee ee*n [terrible fellow for arguing, he will never give in].
More frequentative than ' arg.' Dev. 'Tidden no use tu argify no
longer. — I tellee 'tez. then, an' there's an end o't : HEWETT Peas. Sf>.
1.1892 ; Dev.1. nw.Dev.1, Cor.1 [Amer. BARTLETT.]
2. To prove, be of weight as an argument ; hence, to
signify.
Wm.1 e-Yks.1 That ahgifyes nowt w.Yks.1, neJLan.1. Mot1
n-LJn. It duzn't argify what foaks says. I mean to ware my awn
addlin's just as I like VM.P.}; nlin.1 It duzn't argyfy what his
faayther was es long es he's a punct'al man. Lei.1 That doon't
argifoy nothink. Nhp.1 What does that argufy? War. J.R.W.\
War.3. se-Wor.1 Shr.2 Whod argufies a haggling a thisn. Hrf.2
It does not argufy. What thee says don't argufy. Glo.1 ; Glo.2 It
don't argufy. Brks.1 What a chap like that ther zes dwoant argivy
nothun'. Bdf. It argifies nothing [it is a matter of no consequence],
BATCHELOR Anal. Eng. Lan. (1609. Hnt VT.P.F.' eJ^n.1 What
does that argufy • Ess. Month. Mag. 1,1814 I- 49s- Snr.1 It don't
argify much which way you do it Sns.1 I do'ant know as it argi-
fies much whether I goos to-day or whether I goos to-morrow ;
Sns.2, Hmp.1 Colloq. What argufies snivling and piping your eye ?
DIBDIS Poor Jack c. 1800' 2, ed. 1864. [Amer. BARTLETT.]
Hence (i) Argufying, vbl. sb. disputing, arguing ; (2)
Argufyment, sb. an argument, dispute.
( i } Ir. She admonished her friends to come in wid themselves and
never mind argufying, BARLOW Idylls 1,1893) 101. n-Yks.1 He's
ower fond o' argufying ; n-Yks.2 Nrt It's no use argifying with
a wumman. SPILLING Molly Miggs (i873"> 13. [Amer/I listen to a
preacher, and try to be better for his argufying. BARTLETT.] (a) Ir.
Folks risin' argyfyments about blathers and nonsinse, BARLOW
Idylls ,1893' 197 : I believe they'd raise an argufyment about the
stars in the sky. A. 180.
[L I have no learning, no, not I, Nor do pretend to
argufy, COMBE Dr. Syntax, II. v ; For my peart, measter,
I can neither see nor hear, much less argufy, when I'm
in such a quandery, SMOLLETT Sir L. Greaves, viii.
Argue, \b. + -fy, prob. fr. assoc. with signify.]
ARGY, sb. Shr. Mtg. [a'gL] An embankment to
protect low-lying waterside meadows from floods.
Shr.1 A place near Kinnersley — a raised bank with a plantation
of poplars and other trees, having a small brook, the ' strine.' on
one side, and a ditch on the others-is called by the people of that
neighbourhood ' the argy ' : Shr.2 Argy. an embankment betwixt
Melverly and LJanymynech, which was constructed as a pro-
tection against the overflowings of the Severn. ... It is five feet
across the top, and varies from ten to twenty feet in height above
the average level of the meadows on the waterside. Mtg. The
argy extends along the Severn from Pool Quay to Melverly. and
unless it gives way, the adjoining meadows are preserved by it
from being swamped when the Severn is in flood (J.S.L.).
[W. argot, a stoppage, a dam.]
ARIGHT, adv. Sc. n.Yks. [wi-xt, wit] Rightly.
Sc. His hame Pegasus, held wi* straw-raip reins, Aye jogged
aricht an' kept his name frae stains, ALLAN LMts (1874) 143. GalL
He was aware that all men did not act aright on even.- occasion,
CROCKETT Stidai Mia. (1893) 12. n.Yks. An ondersteead areet,
CASTILLO Poems ,1878) 52.
[A-, on 4 right, sb.]
ARIGHT, v. Lan. [arit.] Of a boat : to right, to
cause to recover its proper position.
Lan. Heard at Liverpool ^F.H.).
[A vbl. use of aright, adv.]
ARISE, adv. Nhp. [arai's.] Crosswise.
Nhp.1 A square piece of wood cut diagonally would be said to be
' cut a-rise."
[This is the same word as arris, q.v.; for the advb. use
cp. arris-wist, so as to present a sharp edge, diagonally,
ridge-wise (N.E.D.).]
ARISH. see Arris, Arrish.
ARK, sb.1 Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf.
Der. Lin. Also in Hrt. Also written airk Cum.1; airc
Nhb.1 [erk, ark, ak.]
L A receptacle, usually a large wooden chest, made to
contain flour, corn, fruit, clothes, &c.
Sc. My auldest brither Sandy was a' but smoored in the meal ark
hiding frae thae limmers, CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes 1870 72 ; Good-
wife gae to your butter ark. And weigh us here ten mark, &
168 : What are we to eat ourselves . . . when we hae sent awa
the haill meal in the ark and the girnel ? SCOTT OU Mortality (1816
xix. Lnk. He had an old meal ark before him as a table, FRASEK
»%««/ys.i895Nviii. N.Cy.1 2Hhb.1 A meal-ark is still the name given
to a meal-chest in country places. Arks were made of oak. and con-
tained the family dresses. The front was often ornamented with
carved borders and joined with wooden pins. Cum.1 A meal ark.
Wm. [Black arks] are often used as repositories for haver cakes,
Drnham Tracts (.ed. 1895) II. 96 : We hae baith meal en maut ith
ark. WHEELER Dial. 1 7001 40 : A think he'd bed his heead i't meeal
ark. CLARKE Spec. Dial. (.1868; 16, ed. 1877 ; Wm.1 Yks. The black
ark was a ponderous piece of oaken furniture about six feet in
length and three in depth ; the inside was usually divided into
two parts [formerly used to hold clothes, now flour, &c.]. If you
go to the black-ark, bring me out x mark, Ten mark, x pound,
throw it down upon the ground. Hagmena Song in Drnham Tracts
^ed. 1895) II. 9& n-Yks.2 Meeal-ark. or meeal-kist, the flour bin.
Formerly seen as a fixture in Urge old farm-houses, built of stone
slabs on the ground-Door. DC. Yks.1 Obs. e-Yks. Ark, a sort
of moveable granary, MARSHALL Rtir. Eton. ^1788 . m-Yks.1
w.Yks. GROSE 1790; MS. ado. (P.) ; A meal-ark, dothes-ark
J.T.' ; w.Yks.1 Meol, at I fetch'd out o't ark, ii. 300 ; w.Yks.23
Lan.1 Apple arks, HIGSON Gorton Hist. Recorder 1852' 12 ;
She had secreted a small quantity of tea in her meal ark, *. 14.
Go an treyd t'meal into th' ark. neXan.1 Chs.1 The chest in
which oats are kept in a stable is always called a ' curn-ark ' ; Chs.3
Ark, formerly called a standard ; a flour ark. These arks are
often elaborately carved, and sometimes contain secret drawers.
s-Chs.1 A compartment in a granary. Often called ' curn-ark.' Stf.2
A large oblong box or chest, divided into compartments, generally
two, for keeping corn, meal, &c. Goo an fatch nK a hantle u com
out uth* ark. Der. Just get off o' that art . . . She lifted up the
great carved lid, VERKEY Stone Edgt 1868) ii; Der.1; Der.2 Ark.
ARK
ARM
a chest ; hence the name of Arkwright. nw.Der.1 n.Lin. Obs. or
obsol. (E.P.) ; n-Lin.1 Apple-ark, Ark. Hrt ELLIS Cy. ffsuf. (1750).
[Ark, a country word for a large chest to put fruit or
corn in, KERSEY ; An ark, a large chest to put fruit or corn
in, WORLIDGE Syst. Agric. (1681) ; Coffre, a coffer, chest,
hutch, ark, COTGR. ; Quen this corn to the kniht was said
He did it in an arc to hald, Metr. Horn. (c. 1325) 141.
OE. earc, Lat. area.}
ARK, sb? Rut. Hrf. Ess. Also written arc Hrf.12
Ess. [ak.] Clouds in lines converging to two points on
opposite parts of the sky. See Noah's ark.
Rut.1 They say when you see the hark it mostly tokens rain.
Hrf. BOUND Prov. (1876); Hrf.1 A mare's-tail cloud; Hrf.2 Seen
in the morning and evening only on rare occasions. Found only
in Upton Bishop among very old people. Ess. The ark worn't out,
no clouds appear'd, CLARK J. Noakes (1839) n ; Gl. (1851); Ess.1
ARK, sb? Sc. The masonry in which the water-
wheel of a mill moves.
Abd. This name is in common use (W. M.). Per. At the foot of
the ark, where the water leaves the wheel, we used to be certain
of trouts when guddling (G. W.).
ARL, sb. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Rdn. Glo. Also written
orl s. Wor.1 Shr.2 Hrf.2 Rdn. Glo.1 ; aul Hrf.1 ; harrul Glo.1
[51, ol.]
1. The alder, Alnus gluiinosa.
w.Wor.1, s-Wor.1 Shr.2 Orl, exclusively confined to Hrf. side.
Hrf.1 When the bud of the aul is as big as the trout's eye Then that
fish is in season in the river Wye ; Hrf.2 Rdn. MORGAN Wds.
(1881). Glo.1 The berries of [the arl or orle] are used medicinally
for boils and gatherings. A quart of berries is stewed in two or
three quarts of water and simmered down to three pints. A little
more liquorice is added to give an agreeable flavour. The dose is
a wineglassful in the morning.
2. Comp. Arl-timber, the wood of the alder, also attrib. •
•tree, -wood.
Hrf. The gardener says the wood is called arl-timber (S.S. B.).
Glo. Orle-timber, coppice wood, border wood (H.T.E.) ; The maid
servant from the Cotswolds says that certain trees are known as orl-
timber trees, and when cut down are known as orl-timber. She
says the alder is not called orl-tree, but orl-timber tree (S.S.B.).
Hrf. Arl-tree (ib.\ Glo. Orl-wood, the timber of the alder (ib.).
ARLE, v. Sc. n.Irel. Nhb. Yks. Also written earle
Yks. ; yearl Nhb.1 ; airle N.I.1 [erl, yerl, «L]
1. To bind by payment of money, to give earnest-money
as ' clincher ' to a bargain, to engage for service, secure.
Sc. Arle, to put a piece of money into the hand of a seller, at
entering upon a bargain, as a security that he shall not sell to
another, while he retains the money (JAM.). Per. Are you feed,
lassie?— Yes, I was erled an hour ago (G.W.). NX1 Nhb. Aw
move that when wor Vicar dees, the place for him be arid, OLIVER
Local Sngs. (1824) 9 ; Nhb.1 What did the misses arle ye wi ? — She
ga' me two shillin'. Yks. To arle or earle a bargain, to close it,
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.)
Hence Ailing, vbl. sb.
Per. The custom of arling is common here (G.W.).
2. To earn.
w.Yks.2
3. Ironically : to beat severely, cf. arles, 3.
Bnff.1
[She arled him for her groom, bridegroom, She arled
him for her groom, Broom, Green Broom (Nhb.1). Deriv.
of arles, sb. (q.v.).]
ARLES, sb. Sc. Irel. and all the n. counties to Lan. and
Lin. Also written airlesN.I.1 ; arls w.Yks.*; alls N.Cy.1;
erles Nhb.1 Lin.; erls Yks.; earls Irel. w.Yks.4 Lan.
n.Lin.'; carles N.I.1 N.Cy.12 Dur. Cum. Yks. n.Yks.3
w.Yks.1 Lan. ; erl, earle Wm. ; yearles N.Cy.1 Lan. ;
yearls Cum. ; yerls Cum. Wm. ; arless w.Yks. [erlz,
eralz, yerlz, alz.]
1. Money paid on striking a bargain in pledge of future
fulfilment, esp. that given to a servant when hired ; earnest-
money ; also^o-.
Sc. A piece of money put into the hands of a seller . . as a pledge
[that he] shall not strikea bargain with another, while he retains the
arles in his hand JAM.\ Aries ran high, but makings were naething,
man, HOGG Jacob. Rel. (1819) 1. 102 ; He had refused the devil's arles
(for such was the offer of meat and drink), SCOTT Redg. (1824) xi
Inv.(H.E.F.) Rnf. Jack was selling Pate some tallow ' Done • '
quo' Pate, and syne his erls Nail'd the Dryster's wauked loof [palm],
WILSON Watty and Meg (1792) 7, Newc. ed. Ayr. An' name the
arles an' the fee In legal mode an' form, BURNS (1786) 132 ; Their
demeanour towards me was as tokens and arles of being continued
in respect and authority, GALT Proms/ (1822) xxviii. Lnk. He turn'd
his rosy cheek about, and then, ere I could trow, The widdifu' o'
wickedness took arles o" my mou, MOTHERWELL Sng. (1827) 242. •
e.Lth. It's no ower late for him to tak back his arles to the tither
side, HUNTER J.Inwick (1895) 194. Gall. Here's a silver merk,
I'or the King's arles, and here's Sergeant Armstrong's file wi'
twal unce o' the best lead bullets, CROCKETT Raiders (,1894) xliv-
Ir. Where's my footin', masther? Where's my arles? CARLETON
Fardoroiigha (1848) i. Ant. In hiring a servant, for buying a cow,
load of hay, &c., you give a shilling or half-a-crown as 'earls,' to
make the bargain sure, Ballymena Obs. (1892). N.I.1, N.Cy.1 2
Nhb.1 In hiring servants, any bargain made between master
and servant was accounted void, before entry into servitude,
if arles had not been offered and accepted. Nhb. & Dur. Aries,
earnest money, formerly given to men and boys when hired
at the bindings, GREENWELL Coal. Tr. Gl. (1849). Cum. & Win.
Servants return the arles, when, after being hired, they change their
mind. What ! she's sent t'yerls back ! (M. P.) Wm. In Appleby
within recent years the Wrings were opened by the charter being
read at the Cross, after which bargains clinched with the 'yerls '
were binding on man and master (B.K.). Yks. Give me earles
[or God's-penny](K.). n.Yks.1 Aries, or Festing-penny. ne.Yks.1
Aries, money, [ranging] from as. to 5*. w.Yks. HUTTON Tout-
to Caves (1781); w.Yks.1 Butcher Roberts put eearles into my
hand, an bad me ten pund neen for him, ii. 289; w.Yks.2
Erles, money given to a clergyman when first engaged ; w.Yks.4,
Lan.1, ne-Lan.1, Lin. (K.) n.Lin.1 Aries (obsol.). [This money is
returned by the seller of farm produce to the buyer on payment]
as luck or ' to'n-agean ' (s.v. To'n agean). Thomas Sheppard,
John Oxley, and David Hill took 12 acres 2 roods of wheat at
85. 6rf. per. acre, and as. 6d. for earls. Northorpe Farm Ace. 1789.
2. A gift to servants from a visitor ; a ' vail.' a ' tip.'
Yks, (K.)
3. Phr. to give any one his arles, to give any one his
deserts, freq. applied to a beating.
Inv. To gie ane his arles (H.E.F.). Bnff.1 A'll gee ye yir arles,
my boy, gehn ye dinna haud yir tung.
4. Comp. Aries-penny, Arral-sbilling.
Ayr. Your proffer o' luve's an airle-penny. My Tocher's the
bargain ye wad buy, BURNS My Tocher's the Jewel 1794). Lnk.. And
this is but an arle-penny To what I afterward design ye, RAMSEY
Poems (1721) II. 561, ed. 1800 (JAM.). N.Cy.12, Wm. (B.K.)
n.Yks.1 Aries-penny, God's penny, Festing-penny. w.Yks.1, Der.2,
nw.Der.1 w.Yks. Arral-shilling is common where statute hirings are
held iJB.K.).
[1. Argentum Dei . . . Money given in earnest of a
bargain : in Lincolnshire called Erles or Aries, BLOUNT
Law Diet. (1691) ; pis ure lauerd jiueS ham as on erles of
be eche mede bat schal cume berafter, Halt M. (c. 1220) 7.
4. Aries penny, earnest-money given to servants, or in
striking any bargain, BAILEY (1755) ; Aries penny,
earnest-money given to servants when they are first hired,
BAILEY (1721); Glossographia (1707).]
ARLICH, adj. Sc. (JAM.) Also written arlitch. Sore,
fretted, painful.
n.Sc.
[Arr (a scar), q.v. + -lic/i (Eng. -fy).]
ARLIES, int. Chs. [a'liz.]
s. Chs. I f one boy were chasing another, and the latter cried ' arlies,'
he would expect to be allowed a little breathing space before the
chase was resumed (T. D. ) ; s.Chs.1
ARLING, sb. Nhb. Earnest-money. Cf. arles, sb. 1.
Nhb. He' ye getten yor arlin ? Hoo much hes she gi'en ye for
arlin? (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.1 The arlin is sometimes called 'the bond-
money ' (s.v. Arle}.
[A vbl. sb. fr. arle, vb.]
ARLY-BONE, sb. Brks. The hip-bone of a pig.
m.Brks. The ' arly bwun ' is known in all farm-houses. It is
taken off the ham before the latter goes to be cured, and is
roasted soon after the pig-killing (B.L.). s.Brks. Here the name
' early bone ' is in common use (M.J.B. \ Brks.1
ARM, sb.1 Chs. Lin. Nhp. War. Wor. e.An. Wil. Dor.
Som. Dev. [am.]
1. The axle, the iron upon which the wheel of any
vehicle turns.
ARM
AROUND
Chs.1 Formerly the arms were simply a continuation of the
wooden axle ; now they are invariably made of iron and are let
into each end of the thick wooden axle. n.Lin.1, Nhp.1, War.
(J.R.W.), se.Wor.1 Suf. A wooden axle-tree with iron arms.
An axle-tree of iron, arms and all (F.H.). Wil. MORTON Cyclo.
Agric. (1863). Dor. Off came the wheels, and down fell the carts ;
and they found there was no linch-pins in the arms, HARDY Wess.
Tales (1888) II. 186. w.Som.1 Dhu weel km oa-f, un dh-aa-rm oa un
wuz u-broa-kt rait oa-f [the wheel came off, and its axle was
broken right off]. nw.Dev.1
2. The spoke or radius of any large wheel ; the beam of
a windmill to which the sail is fixed.
w.Som.1 [The arm of] a water-wheel, or the fly-wheel of a steam-
engine. The entire motive power of a windmill — i.e. each of the
four great beams, with all the apparatus fixed to it— is called the
arm.
3. A trowel.
e.An.1
4. Comb, (i) Arm by arm, (2) arm and crook, (3) ann-in-
crook, (4) arm-in-link, (a) arm-in-arm, freq. applied to
the walking together of couples in the courting stage ;
(b) on familiar terms, cf. ' hand-and-gloye ' ; (5) bend of the
arm, the elbow ; (6) hand-in-arm, arm-in-arm ; (7) to bend
the arm, to drink, cf. ' to lift the elbow ' ; (8) to make a long
arm, to reach ; (9) to wish your arm from your elbow, see
below.
(i) Lin. Lots o' lads and lasses, all agrm by a6rm, BROWN Lit.
Laur. (1890) 9. (a) Dor. Tidden no good vor a ma'id to walk arm-an'-
crook wi' the likes o' he, HARE Vitt. Street (i8g$) in. Som.'Tessaid
theydowalkarman'crookup'pon hill a'most every day o' their lives,
RAYMOND Love and Quiet Life (1894) 208. Dev.3 (3) Dor. Then
they went arm-in-crook, like courting complete, HARDY Madding
Oozfrf(i874)xxxiii. (4) Chs.1 (a) He's goin arm- i'-linkwi'ahr Polly.
(4) He's arm-i'-link wi' him. (5) w.Yks. ' Bend o' t'arm ' is common
for elbow-joint, Leeds Men. Suppl. (May 2, 1891) ; Bend of the
arm, common in Ossett (M.F.). (6) w.Yks.3 Hand i' airm. (7)
Slang. He was busy arm-bending in the public-house when the
tattoo sounded (A.S.P.). (8) w.Yks.3 To mak' a long airm. (9)
n.Yks.2 They'll shak ye by t'hand an wish your airm off by t'elbow
[will give you the hand, but with no good will at heart, as hollow
friends do].
5. Comp. (i) Arm-bend ; (2) -lede, the direction of the out-
stretched arm ; (3) -load ; (4) -poke, the arm-pit ; (5) -rax,
see Arm-twist; (6) -set, the setting of the coat-sleeve, the
arm-pit ; (7) -shot ; (8) -skep; (9) -skew, see Arm-twist;
(10) -strength, the muscularity of the arm ; (n) -stretch ;
(12) -twist ; (13) -wrist, the wrist.
n.Yks.2 (i) Airm-bend, the elbow-joint. (2) This mun be your
way by airmlede [by the road to which I am pointing], (3) Airm-
looad, Airmleead, an armful. (4) Suf. Under the left arm-poke
place a swaler's hart and a liver under the rite, Garland (1818) 9.
n.Yks.2 (5) Airmrax. (6) It nips at t'airm-set. (7) Airmshot,
arm's length. m.Yks.1 n.Yks.2 (8) Airmskep, a coarse twig
basket without a bow, carried under the arm. (9) Airmskew,
a sprain of the arm. (10) Foorced by airm strength, (n) Airm-
stritch, the effort of the arms, as at a rowing match. (12)
Airmtwist, a sprain of the arm. (13) w.Som.1 He tookt hold o'
my arm-wrist. Dev. Whot's the matter wi' tha babby ? — I can't
ezackally say, but 'e zims tu be a-scrammed in's arm-wrist.
Luketh's ef 'e'd a-broked 'n, HEWETT Peas. Sf, (1892). Cor.1
[2. Les rayeres d'un moulin a eau, the arms, or starts
of a wheel of a water-mill, COTGR.]
ARM, sb.2 Sh.I. The end, as of a line.
S. & Ork.1
ARM, v. Irel. Som. Dev. [am.] To conduct by
walking arm-in-arm with ; to walk arm-in-arm.
n.Ir. Arm is frequently used facetiously, ' I'll arm you,' i.e. give
you a lift, set you on your way, though the necessity for help may be
imaginary and assumed (M.B.-S.) ; N.I.1 Ant. There they go arm-
ing along (J.S.). w.Som.1 Zo your Jim's gwain to have th' old
Ropy's maid arter all.— No, he idn.— Oh, idn er? well, I zeed-n
a-armin o' her about, once, my own zul, last Zunday night as ever
was. nw.Dev.1
[To arm her to her lawyer's chambers, WYCHERLEY
Plain Dealer (1675) (N.E.D.).l
ARM, see Haulm.
ARM-HOLE, sb. Yks. Chs. Stf. Not. Lei. War. Won
Oxf. The arm-pit.
Yks. In gen. use (J.W.). Chs.1, s.Chs.1 Stf.2 MoicOt dunnafit
very well under th' armhole. Not.1, Lei.1. War.3, Wor. ;J.W.P.\
Oxf.1 MS. add.
[Arm-hole, the hollow under the arm, BAILEY (1755) ;
The arm-pit or arm-hole, ala, axilla, ROBERTSON (1693) ;
Armehole, aiscella, PALSGR. ; Gemini (hath) thyn arm-
holes, CHAUCER Astrol. i. xxi.]
ARMING-CHAIR, sb. Cum. An arm-chair.
Cum. When he'd gotten hissel clappt doon iv a grand armin-chair,
SARGISSON Joe Scoap (1881) 188. Wm. & Cum.1 This armin chair
I'll meake my seet, 294.
ARMSTRONG, sb. Sus. A name for the plant
usually called knot-grass, Polygonum aviculare.
[So called] from the difficulty of pulling it up.
ARMSTRONG, adv. e.An. Arm-in-arm.
e-An.1
ARMTLE, sb. Chs. Stf. [a'mtl.] An armful.
s.Chs.1! brought dain a hooalarmtle o' ballets to boot(s. v. Deck).
s.Stf. Oi went a-lizin [i.e. gleaning] dhis mornin an got a armtl
(A.P.).
[For the suff. -tie cp. apperntle.]
ARN, sb. Sc. The alder-tree.
Sc. (JAM.), Bnff. (W.M.) Abd. The name ' arn ' is better known
perhaps than the alder (G.W.) ; There was a place called Ferniord,
from fearna-ord, the height of the alders or arns, these trees
being still remembered by old people as growing at the place,
MACDONALD Place Names in Strathbogie (1891) 192. Edb. (J.M.)
[The aller or arne ... is also found in marshy places,
NEWTE Tour (1791) (N.E.D.). Prob. repr. OE. celren, adj.,
fr. alor, alder.]
ARN, see Awn, Urn.
ARNACK, see Neck.
ARNARY, see Ordinary.
ARNBERRIES, sb. pi. Yks. Obsol. Raspberries.
n.Yks.2
ARNOT, sb.1 Sc. Also written arnit, arnet A
shrimp.
Abd. Arnot is well known here (W.M.) ; Or on the Inches rant
and sport on ilka verdant spot, Or fish for bandies, arnits, eels in
ilka wee bit pot, CADENHEAD Flights of Fancy (1853) Our Auld
Gate-en.
ARNOT, sb.2 Sc. [e'rnat.] In phr. lea arnot, a stone
lying in the field (JAM.).
Abd. ' Be ye gweed deevil, be ye ill deevil," cried Fleeman with
much indignant energy, ' I'se try you wi' a lea arnot,' and com-
menced to pelt the 'archangel ruined,' Jamie Fleeman, 51, ed.
1887.
ARNS, sb. Obs. n.Cy. Earnest-money.
N.Cy.1
[The Hooli Goost of biheest, which is the ernes of oure
eritage, WYCLIF (1388) Eph. i. 14. Cp. Wei. ernes (' arrha '),
borrowed fr. E.]
ARNUT, see Earth-nut.
ARON, sb. Plant-name applied to (i) Arum macu-
la/urn (Sc.) ; (2) Richardia aethiopica, or Arum lily (Wei.)
Rxb. Aron, the plant called Wake-robin, or Cuckoo's pint (JAM.;.
[(i) Aron, Wake-Robin, Cuckoe-pint, COLES (1677) ; The
roots of aron, and mixt with wheat-bran, BURTON Anat. Mel.
(1621) 462, ed. 1836 ; Aron, the herb Aron, Cuckoe-pint
. . . Pied de veau, Calves-foot, Ramp, Aaron, Cuckoe-pint,
COTGR. (2) Take Aron roote, Gabelhouer's Bk. Physic
(1599) 183 (N.E.D.). Gr. 3pov, cp. Lat. arum, the herb
Wake-Robin, COLES (1679).]
AROUND, adv. and prep. Wm. Stf. Suf. Gny. Slang.
1. adv. About, here and there in no fixed direction,
round.
Wm.1 A seed em gangen aroond. Stf. Just walking around
a bit (A.P.). Suf. He does nothing but hang around, doing
nothing (F.H.). Slang. On the day this 'ere job come off Chris
comes around to me, Dy. News (Jan. 4, 1895) 3, col. 7. [Amer.
That's a 'cute little copy of Keats to carry around (M.D.H.) ; Sam
is around in New York, BARTLEIT.]
2. prep. Round.
Gny. It goes around the room (G. H.G.).
3. In phr. around about, round about.
Suf. I am not going by that around about way, but across the
fields (F.H.).
AROUT
[73]
ARRIS
AROUT, adv. and prep. Lan. Chs. Stf. War. Alsojn
Hrt. Also written areawt Lan.1; areat Chs.1 [are't,
area't, areirt.]
1. adv. Without, outside, out-of-doors.
Lan. I'r no sooner areawt boh a threave o' rabblement wur
watchin on meh at t'dur, TIM BOBBIN View Dial. (1746) 58 ; GROSE
Suppl. (1790) MS. add. (P.) ; When aw should foind thee areawt
awd kiss thee, STATON Sng. Sol. (1859) viii. i ; Alone to-day
Areawt i' th' broad, green fields aw've come, RAMSBOTTOM Phases
of Distress (1864) 59 ; Thou're noan fit to be areawt sich a day as
this, WAUGH Chimn. Corner (1874) 142, ed. 1879 ; Lan.1 Chs.1
Was he i' th' haise?— Now, he were areat ; Chs.3, War. (J.R.W.)
2. prep. Without.
s.Stf. I to'd him we could du arout him any time, PINNOCK Blk.
Cy. Ann. (iSgsX Hrt. If yer can't do arout picklicking you'll 'a
'ter do arout grub altogether. So mind that, Miss ! N. & Q. (1870)
4th S. vi. 328.
[This is a pron. of without through the stages wi-, *-, »r-.]
AROVE, adj. Obs. Yks. Up and stirring.
w.Yks.1 Our lad's quite bobberous, an aw a roav, ii. 305.
ARPENT, see Orpine.
ARPIT, adj. Shr. Obsol. Quick, ready, precocious.
Shr.1 'Er wuz sich a mighty arpit little wench, I never thought
'er'd live ; it's sildom as they dun, w'en a bin so cute ; Shr.2
Arpit at his laming, saying as how he's so heavy o' hearing.
ARR, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Also written aar, aur, aurr, awr (JAM.) ; err Cum.1 ; arrh
Chs.28; are. Yks. [er, an]
1. A scar or mark left by a wound.
Sc. While the cut or wound is healing the mark is called a scar ;
when it is completely healed the mark is called an aur (JAM. Suppl.').
N.I.1 Ant Ballymena Obs. (1892). N.Cy.12 Nhb.1 He hes an arr
on his finger. Cum. The healen plaister eas'd the painful sair — The
arr indeed remains— but naething mair, RELPH Misc. Poems (1747")
Harvest, 1. 26 ; GROSE (1790) ; Gl. (1651} ; Cum.12 Wm. It's a sad
arr (M.P.) ; Wm.1, n.Yks.1 n.Yks.2 I'll gie thee an arr thou'll
carry t'thee grave ; n.Yks.3 ne.Yks.1 He's gitten an arr ov his
back. e.Yks. NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 50 ; MARSHALL Rur.
Econ. (1788) ; e.Yks.1 Of every-day use in n. Holderness, MS. add.
(T.H.) m.Yks.1 w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781) ; WILLAN
ListWds. (1811) ; LUCAS Stud. Nidderdalc (c. 1882)231 ; w.Yks.15,
Lan.1, ne.Lan.1, e.Lan.1, Chs.123 [Ar, HOLLOWAY.]
2. A spot or freckle ; also used attrib.
w.Yks. SCATCHERD Hist. Morley (1830) 168. [Term of abuse,
as] arr toad, Yks. ff. & Q. (1888) II. 13 ; w.Yks.5 An arr-toad
[freckled toad].
3. A guilty recollection, leaving an impression on the
conscience.
n-Yks.1 It's nobbut a black arr, thae deeings o'thahn [thine] wi'
t'aud man [the way you dealt with the old man must have left a black
mark on your conscience] ; n.Yks.2 An arr on the conscience. A
black arr, a stain on the character.
4. A grudge, ill-feeling.
Or.I., Ayr. (JAM. Suppl.)
Hence Arred,///. adj. marked with scars ; esp. of the
marks left by small-pox. See Pock-arred.
Sc. (JAM.) N.I.1 n.Yks.2 Arr'd, branded or imprinted. Lan.1
He wur arr'd o' ower wit' smo-pocs.
[Arr, a scar, BAILEY (1770) ; Cicatrix, a nerre, WRIGHT
Voc. 680; Cicatrix, ar or wond, MS. isth cent, in HALL. ;
Thai ere brokyn myn erres (=corruptae sunt cicatrices
meae), HAMPOLE Ps. xxxvii. 5. ON. orr, Dan. ar.]
ARR, v.1 Yks. Chs. To scar, scratch ; to beat.
n.Yks.2 I'll arr your back for you. ne.Yks.1 In rare use. w.Yks.
Take care not to arr the steel fender, HAMILTON Nugae Lit. (1841)
357. Chs.1 Cum ait o' that hedge wilt'a, or tha'lt arr thee.
[Though my face . . . was not at all pitted or (as they
there [i.e. in Lan.] call it) arred, but in time as cleare and
smooth as ever it was, Life of A. Marlindale (1685) 19. See
Arr, sb.]
ARR, v? Sc. Lan. Der. Also written yarr Sc. e.Lan.1
[er, yer, a(r), ya(r).] Of dogs : to snarl, growl, also^Sg-.
Sc. In kittle times when foes are yarring, BEATTIE To Mr. A.
Ross in Helenore (I^68) 132, ed. 1812. Lan. Yerin 'em hanch and
arre at us bi way o thanks, CLEGG Pieces Rock. Dial. ',1895) > Lan.1
Co' that dog in, dost no' see how it keeps arrin' at yon felly.
e.Lan.1, nw.Der.1
[A dog is ... fell and quarrelsome, given to arre,
VOL. i.
HOLLAND Plutarch's Mor. (1603) 726 (N.E.D.).— A word
imitating the sound of a snarl.]
ARR, v? Nhp. [a(r).] To egg on, incite to quarrel.
Nhp.2
[Thei eggiden him in alyen goddis,and in abomynaciouns
to wraththe arreden, WYCLIF (1382) Deut. xxxii. 16. Cp.
MDu. errert, to provoke to anger (VERDAM).]
ARR, see Har.
ARRAH, int. Irel. Cor. Also written araa Cor.1;
yarrah Irel. [a'ra, ya'ra.] An exclamation of surprise ;
freq. used in accosting a person, or in calling attention.
See Arear.
Ir. Miss Betty, arrah, Miss Betty, LEVER H. Lor. (1839) iii ;
Arrah, an' the devil a taste I'll be drowned for your divarsion, ib.
Ch. O'Malley (1841) viii ; Yarrah, didn't I spake that speech before,
CARLETON Traits (1843) I. 315. w.Ir. Arrah ! what brings you
here at all? LOVER Leg. (1848) I. 50. Qco. Arrah! run for
the priest, BARRINGTON S/Wcfe (1827-32) I. ii. s.Ir. Arrah ! what
souls, sir? CROKER Leg. (1862) 202. Wxf. Arrah, Puekawn, me
boy, KENNEDY Evenings Duffrey (1869) 57. Tip. ' Arrah, sweet
myself! ' said a youth after making a good hit at cricket, as he
thought, unheard (G.M.H.). Cor.1
ARRALS, sb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Also written
arles Wm. w.Yks. [a'ralz, alz.] Pimples ; a rash or
eruption on the skin ; esp. applied to ringworm.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). Cum. HOLLOWAY. Wm. He has the arles
on his hand, copperas will poison it. The complaint is frequently
met with in the North, and is probably due to the work of tending
cattle (B.K.); Wm.1 Used in Ambleside for nettle-rash, and in
Appleby for any kind of ringworm, perhaps especially that which
appears in young cattle. w.Yks.(B.K.) ; WILLANZ.IS* Wds. (1811) ;
HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781). ne.Lan.1
ARRALS, see Aries.
ARRAN-AKE, sb. Sc. The red-throated Diver, Cofym-
bus septentnonalis.
Dmb. SWAINSON Birds (1885^ 214.
ARRAND, see Arain.
ARRANT, adj. Dur. Wm. Yks. Lan. Der. [a'rant.]
1. Downright, usually in a bad sense.
Dur.1 Arrantest. Wm. Thae wer arrant lagets and tastrils,
CLARKE Spec. Dial. (1865) 15. n.Yks. She wor t'arrantest scahd,
Broad Yks. (1885) ai. w.Yks. Her sister gat wed to an arrant
neer-due-weel, PRESTON in Yksman. (1881) 122. Lan. Arron owd
lant. TIM BOBBIN Turn, and Meaty (1740) 16; Lan.1 He'sanarran'
thief, and as big a rogue. e.Lan.1, nw.Der.1
2. Comp. Arrand-poison, -smittle, exceedingly poison-
ous, or infectious.
w.Yks.3 It is foolish to let the children go there, for it is arrand-
smittle. Common in w.Yks.
Hence Arrantly, entirely, thoroughly.
Lan.1 1're arronly moydert, TIM BOBBIN Wks. (1750) 58.
[The moon's an arrant thief, SHAKS. Timon, iv. iii. 440 ;
We are arrant knaves, all, ib. Hamlet, in. i. 131 ; A errant
traytoure, FABYAN, v. Ixxx. 58 (N.E.D.). The orig. mg. of
the word was wandering, vagabond. Fr. errant (cp. juif
errant), prp. of errer, see HATZFELD.]
ARRA WIGGLE, see Erriwiggle.
ARREARAGE, sb. Sc. Lin. Arrears of payment.
Sc. Ah ! these arrearages ! . . . that are always promised, and
always go for nothing ! Scorr Leg. Montr. (1830) vi. n-Lin.1 He's
gotten fower years arrearages o' his highwaay raate on, an' I can't
get noa sattlement.
[Arrierage, an arrearage, . . . that which was unpaid, or
behind, COTGR. ; An arrerage, erreragia, Cath. Angl.}
ARREDGE, see Arris.
ARRIMAN, sb. Shr. [a'riman.] The newt, Triton
crestatus.
Shr.1
ARRIS, sb. Sc. n.Irel. and all the n. counties to Chs.
Der. Lin. ; also in War. and Hmp. and in tech. use. Also,
with various forms, arras, arress Sc. ; arish Dur. ; orris
Chs1 s-Chs.1 nw.Der.1; horris nw.Der.1; arrage Nhb.1;
arridge Cum.1 Wm.1 n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. w.Yks.12
ne.Lan.1 n.Lin.1 ; arredge Wm. w.Yks. ; harridge e.Yks.1
w.Yks. ; adidge Yks. ; awrige (JAM.), [a-ris, a-rij, a'ridg,
a-redg.]
ARRIS
[74]
ARSE
The angular edge of a block of stone, wood, &c. ; hence,
the edge of anything.
Sc. The rebbets [jambs] of that window would hae look't better
gin the mason had ta'en off the arras (JAM.), w. and s.Sc. The tips
of the little ridges laid by the plough are called the awrige of the
field (»».). Ir. The arris of a dyke, or of a furrow (J.W. ff.).
N.I.1 Arris, the sharp edge of a freshly-planed piece of wood, or
of cement, or stone-work. Nhb.1 Arrage, a sharp point or corner,
Mining Gl. (1852). Dur. ATKINSON Clevel. Gl, Cum. T'toon
geaat was oa peaavt wih wood peaavin steaans ... an t'arridges
was haggt off, SARGISSON Joe Scoap (1881) 93 ; Cum.1 Arridge, an
angular edge, arris in architecture. Wm. Guide to the Lakes (1780)
288 ; Wm.1 Et left an arridge reel alang. n.Yks. Arridge, the cut
edge of cloth in distinction from the selvedge or woven edge (J.T.) ;
n.Yks.1 Arridge, the edge or selvedge of a piece of cloth or cotton ;
n.Yks.2 Arridges, the edges or ridges of stone or furniture.
ne.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks. A ' sharp arridge ' on a horse-shoe is
the projection in front to enable the horse to keep on his feet
when drawing, BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865) ; ' Tak th' arredge off
this stone ; you need not polish it quite smooth ; only tak th'
arredge off it.' A knife, not smooth-edged, is said to have an
arredge, Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.1 This staan tacks a fine arridge ;
w.Yks.2 Harris, a swage or bevel at the back of a razor-blade.
It also means roughness. ne.Lan.1 Chs.1 A joiner who planes
off the angles of a square pole to make it octagon is said to
' take off the orris.' s.Chs.1 When a furrow is made too flat, it
is said ' there's noo orris on it' nw.Der.1 Th' orris is welly worn
off. n-Lin.1, War. (J.R.W.) Hmp.1 I'd better take the arris off
ut [i.e. a piece of stone, &c.]. Tech. Arris, in joinery and masonry,
the line of concourse, edge, or meeting of two surfaces, WEALE
Did. Terms (1873).
[Fr. areste (mod. arete), cp. COTGR. : Areste, the small
bone of a fish ; also, the eyle, awne, or beard of an ear of
corn ; also, the edge or outstanding ridge of a stone, or
stone-wall. — The forms arridge, arredge, &c., may be due
to a popular association with ridge, edge.]
ARRIS, v. Yks. Lan. Chs. War. [a-ridg, Chs. a-ris.]
To take or plane off the arris, to make flat.
e.Yks.1, w.Yks.2, ne-Lan.1 Chs.1 'John, orris them jeists.'
War. (J.R.W.)
ARRISH, sb. e.Yks. Also Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp. I.W.
Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written aish Hmp.1; arish
Dev. Cor.1 ; ash Sur.1 I.W.1 ; airish Dev. ; errish Som.
Dev. Cor.12; ersh(e Ken.12 Sus. Hmp.1 Dev.; hayrish
Cor.1 ; herrish Som. See also Eddish, [a f, aTif, Sur. a f,
e.Yks. a-rij (a'varij?).]
1. A stubble field ; stubble of any kind after the crop has
been cut.
e.Yks. He's tentin' pigs i' averish. Near Beverley they would
say ' Ah've a bit o' arrish Ah sail ton them few geese inti ' (R.S.) ;
e.Yks.1 Haverish. Ken.12 s.Sur. Farmers would leave one
shock of corn in the harvest field ; as long as it stood no outsiders
might enter, but on its removal the field was called ' ersh ' and
any one might lease, the corn gathered being called ' leasing grist '
(T.T.C.) ; Sur.1 Ash is not so commonly used as ' gratten.' Sus.
Ersh, stubble ; applied also to the after-mowings of grass, GROSE
(1790) MS. add. (P.) ; Sus.1 A wheat earsh ; a barley earsh. Hmp.
Wheat or oat aish, GROSE (1790); Earsh, HOLLOWAY ; Hmp.1
I.W.1 ; I.W.2 Bwoy, drave the cows out into the wheat ash. Dor.
Errish, N. & Q. (1883) 6th S. vii. 366 ; Now obs. (H.J.M.) Som.
W. & J. Gl. ; [Pheasants] wander . . . especially towards barley and
barley stubble, called barley harrish in Red Deer land, JEFFERIES
Red Deer (1884) x. w.Som.1 Bee'un, woet, tloa'vur uureesh
[bean, oat, clover stubble]. Not applied to any grass except clover,
and then only when the clover has been mown for seed, so as to
leave a real stubble. Purty arternoon farmer, sure 'nough— why , he
'ant a ploughed his arrishes not eet Auctioneers and other
genteel people usually write this ' eddish.' Dev. Amongst the
harrishes in September, O'NEILL Told in Dimpses (1893) 151 ;
The geese . . . found their own way in the golden earidges, ib. Idylls
1,1892) 97 ; To bid the skylark o'er the arrish roam, CAPERN Poems
(1856) 72; They've agived tha chillern holiday tii-day, to go
leasing upen Squire Poland's arrishes, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892)
96 ; The fezens be out in tha errishes feeding ; there'll be rare
gilde sport vur squire in October, ib. 76. n.Dev. We've . . . torned
pegs ta arish, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) 3. Dev.1, nw.Dev.1 Cor.
An old rhyme in reference to the clergy of the past generation
begins : ' Here comes the passon of Philleigh Parish, He's got
his rake to rake his arish,' Dy. Chron. (June 18, 1895) 3, col. 6 ;
farmers are very busy ploughing the arishes by this time, Mark
Lane Express (Feb. 2, 1880 . w.Cor. When I took en aw was in
barley arish, THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) 6 ; Cor.1 Turn them
into the arishes ; Cor.2
2. Comp. (i) Arrish-field, a stubble field ; (2) -goose, one
fed in stubble fields ; (3) -mow, a small rick of corn set
up in a field from which the crop has been cut ; (4) -rake,
(5) -turnip, see below.
(i) Cor. Ricks of corn left to stand in the ' arrish fields,' Flk-Lore
Jrn. (1886) IV. 248; Cor.1 (2) Dev. Arrish geese feed into plump
condition for Michaelmas by picking up, from between the stubble,
the corns which fell from the ears during reaping and sheaving,
./V. &Q. (1851) ist S. iii. 252. Cor.12 (3) w.Som.1 In a showery
harvest the plan is often adopted of making a number of small
stacks on the spot, so that the imperfectly dried corn may not be
in sufficient bulk to cause heating, while at the same time the air
may circulate and improve the condition of the grain. Called
also wind-mow. Dev. Arrish-mows, [or] field stacklets. The
arrangement of the sheaves of corn as a square pyramid, during
a wet harvest, MARSHALL Rut: Econ. (1796) ; One of the most
remarkable singularities of harvest in the West, is the ' arish-mow,'
MOORE Hist. Dev. (1829) I. 299 ; Dev.1 Cor. Arrish-mows, from
their different shapes, are also [called] ' hummel-mows ' and
' ped-rack-mows,' Flk-Lore Jrn. (1886) IV. 248 ; Arish-mow, 200
sheaves in a circular rick, MORTON Cycl. Agric. (1863) ; They were
building up the ' arish mows,' where the difficulty of carting away
the harvest had yet to be faced and overcome, PEARCE Esther
Pentreath (1891) bk. n. vi ; Cor.1 2 (4) w.Som.1 Errish rake, a very
large and peculiarly shaped rake, used for gathering up the stray corn
missed by the binders ; now nearly supplanted by the horse-rake.
Dev.1, nw-Dev.1 (5) w.Som.1 Errish-turnips, a late crop of turnips
sown after the corn has been taken. After an early harvest good
crops of roots are frequently grown. Aay aa'n u zee'd noa jis
wai-t uureesh tuurmuts, naut-s yuurz [I have not seen any such
wheat errish turnips not's (these) years] (s. v. Es).
Hence Arrishers, the second set of gleaners.
Dor. It is customary, after carrying a field of corn, to leave
behind a sheaf, to intimate that the families of those who reaped
the field are to have the first lease. After these have finished, the
sheaf is removed, and harissers are admitted, ./V. & Q. (1850)
ist S. ii. 376.
[Ersh, stubble, KERSEY ; Ersk, stubble after corn is cut,
BAILEY (1721). OE. ersc (in ersc-hen), a stubble field.]
ARRIVANCE, sb. Shr. Ken. [arai'vans.]
1. Origin, birthplace.
Ken. A guardian of the poor informs me it is often used to signify
settlement by birth (P.M.) ; I say, mate, which parish do you belong
to ? — I can't justly say, but father's arrivance was fram Shepherd's-
well [Sibbertswold], WRIGHT ; Ken.1 He lives in Faversham town
now, but he's a low-hill [below-hill] man by arrivance.
2. Arrival, arrival of company.
Shr. ' There has been an arrivance,' said occasionally when a baby
is born or company comes unexpectedly (J.B.) ; Shr.1 I spec'
they'n be wantin' yo', Betty, to 'elp 'em a bit at the owd Maister's,
I sid an arrivance theer as I wuz gwei'n to 'unt some barm.
ARROW, see Argh, Yarrow.
ARROWLEDE, sb. Yks. [aTalld.]
n.Yks.2 Arrowlede, the path of the shot arrow.
ARROW-ROOT, sb. Dor. Arum tnaculatum.
Dor. The starch prepared from its tubers is known in I. of Port-
land as ' Portland Arrow-root,' from its resemblance to the arrow-
root of commerce.
ARROY, sb. Pern, [aroi1.] Disorder, confusion ; also
used with an advb. force.
s.Pem. One pickt upon t'other, an things went oorser and oorser —
my dear man ! there was an arroy. They be in a big arroy there
[a confusion in a crowded meeting]. These 'ere bags be shifted
since I put am 'ere, they be all arroy naw (W.M.M.).
ARSCOCKLE, see Esscock QAM.).
ARSE, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf.
Der. Lin. War. Wor. e.An. Hit. Ess. Ken. Hmp. Som.
Dev. Also written ass Ken. Som. ; erse Sc. ; yess Dev.
[ers, ars, as.]
1. The buttocks, fundament of a person, rump of an
animal ; hence, the bottom or hinder part of anything, as
a sheaf, cart, &c.
Sc. A sack-arse, the bottom of a sack QAM.) ; The erse of the
plough or the plough-erse (ib. Suppl.}. n.Cy. Have one of these
pears — they are all ripe ; I have just been pinching their arses
(C.G.B.). Nhb. Set the poke down on its arse. Cairt-arse. The
ARSE
[75]
AR-SHORN
Cat's Arse, the name of a small bay on the shore of the river Tyne
(R.O.H.). Yks. Ahse(W.H-). ne.Yks.1 T'shaff arses is as wet
as sump. Stop, mun ; t'cart arse has tumml'd oot. e.Yks. To
set nine of the sheaves with their arses downe to the grounde,
BEST Rur. Econ. (1641) 45; The arse of a cart or a plough,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 50. nw.Der.1 n.Lin.1 Billy Ration puts
o'must as many heads in his sheaf arses as he duz e' th' top end.
War.3 Arse, the tail of a cart ; also applied to shocks on which
' caps ' are placed, i.e. covered by two sheaves with the straw end
upwards. Wor. Go round totheerseof the mill (E.S.) ; se.Wor.1
Arse of a waggon. Hrt. The arse or tail of the plough, ELLIS Mod.
Hush. (17501 II. i. 44. e.An.2 Arse, part of atree, opp. to the Tod.
Suf. The arse of a tree is the rough root-end after the roots have
been chopped off (F.H.). Ess. Cast dust in his [a sheep's] arse,
thou hast finisht thy cure, TUSSER Husbandrie (1580) in, St. 4.
Ken. The ass, the butt-end of a sheaf (P.M.). Hmp. The arse of
a door (H.C.M.B.) ; Hmp.1 The bottom of a post ; the part which
is fixed in the ground. The upward part of a field gate to which
the eyes of the hinge are fixed. w.Som.1 Puut'n uup pun dh-aas
u dhu wageen. The ass of the sull. The ass of the waterwheel.
The ass of the barn's door.
2. Phr. (i) arse over head, head over heels, topsy-turvy ;
(2) to go arse first, to have bad luck ; (3) to hang an arse,
to hang back, be cowardly.
(i)w.Som.lA timid old workman said of a rickety scaffold : I baint
gwain up pon thick there till-trap vor to tread pon nothin, and vail
down ass over head. What's the matter, William ? — Brokt my
arm, sir. Up loadin hay, and the darned old mare, that ever I
should zayso, muv'd on, and down I vails ass over head. (2) Wm.
I've always gone arce first. A confession of one who failed in life
through his own habits (B. K.). (3) n.Lin. To hang an arse ; lobsol.,
but used by a native of the Isle of Axholme who died in or about
1826 (E.P.) ; nXin.1
3. Comp. (i) Arse-band,the crupper 5(2) -bawst (-burst);
(3) -board ; (4) -bond ; (5) -breed (-breadth), the breadth
of an arse, i.e. of contemptibly small extent ; (6) -end, the
bottom or tail-end of a tree, the butt; alsoyjg-. ; (7) -end-
up; (8) -first; (9) -jump; (10) -loop; (n) -up; (12) -up-
wards.
(i) nXln.i (2) Stf.1 Ars-bawst, a fall on the back. (3) Sc. Arse-
burd of a cart, the board which goes behind and shuts it in (JAM.).
Cum.1, ne.Lan.1, Chs.1, s.Chs.1, Stf.1 2, nw.Der.1, n-Lin.1 War. Ars-
boord (J.R.W.). (4) s.Chs.1 Arse-bond, a strong piece of oak
forming the hinder extremity of the foundation or bed of a cart.
(5) Cum.1 His heall land's nobbet a arse-breed. (6) n.Yks.1 Pick
thae stocks adoon, and let t'arsends o' t'shaffs lig i' t'sun a bit
Chs.1 The ars-eend of a ' later ' is the end by which it is attached
to the stalk or thread. s.Chs.1, War. (J.R.W.) Suf. A house,
barn, hamlet, &c. , if in a very sequestered spot, is said to be at the
arse-end of the world (F.H.) ; A labourer never speaks of the ' butt'
of a tree, but always of the 'arse-end.' The arse-end of a cannon
gave nomore offence than breech doesnow(C.G.B-). (7) Nhb. Arse-
end-up, upside down. (8) Arse-first, backside foremost (R.O. H.).
(9) n.Lan. It was the custom in the Furness district in harvest
time to place on the breakfast table a little round of butter, about
a quarter of a pound in weight, to each person. It was a difficult
matter for those unused to this luxury to take it. If however
any man or boy failed to eat his share he was taken by the arms
and legs, and the lower part of his body was banged against
a wall. This was called arse-jumping (J.A.). (10) Nhb.1 Arse-
loop, a seat or wide loop in a rope or chain in which a man is
slung when repairing or working in a pit-shaft, (n) e.An.1 Ass-
upping, hand-hoeing, to turn the docks and thistles end upwards, or
to cause the posterior to be the superior part of the body whilst
stooping in the act of hoeing. (12) Nhb. Arse-upwards, upside
down (R.O.H.). Snf. ' Arse-uppards ' is a usual term for many
things lying bottom up (C.G.B.).
[An Arse, podex, anus, LEVINS Manip. ; Ars or arce,
anus, culus, podex, Prompt. CHAUCER has the form ers,
C. T. A. 3755. OE. ears; cp. G. arsch.}
ARSE, v. Sc. Lin.
1. To kick upon the seat.
n.Lin.1 If thoo cums here agean loongin' aboot, I'll arse th£ wi'
my foot.
2. To move backwards, to push back ; cf. arsle, 1 ; fig.
to balk, defeat.
Abd. Arse back yer horse a little. I was completely arsed
(G.W.). Gall. Arset (JAM. Suppl.}.
Hence Arsing, vbl. sb. Shuffling, evading.
Abd. Nane of that arsin" noo 'G.W.\
3. To back out of fulfilling a promise, &c., to shuffle ; cf.
arsle, 2.
Abd. He arsed a bit. I heard he meant to arse oot o' his promises
(G.W.).
ARSE-FOOT, sb. Obs. Colloq. (i) The great crested
Grebe, Podiceps cristatus ; (2) the little Grebe, Tachybaptes
fluviatilis ; so called from the backward position of the legs.
SWAINSON Birds (1885) 215, 6.
ARSELING(S,arfv. Sc.e.An. [e'rslins, a-slins.] Back-
wards, also attrib.
Abd. Sik a dird As laid him arselins on his back, FORBES Ajax
(17431 9. Per. We always use (not arset, but) arselins (G.W.).
Cld. (JAM.) Rxb. Arselins coup, the act of falling backwards on the
hams (»'*.). e.An.' Nrf. Trans. Phil. Soc. (1858)146. Suf.Arseling
(F.H.).
[Arse + -ling (-s). OE. earsling: Syn hi gecyrde on
earsling ( = avertantur retrorsum,) Ps. xxxiv. 5 (c. 1000).
Cp. Du. aarzeling (-s), G. drschling (-s) ; see DE VRIES.]
ARSERD, ARSEUD, see Arseward.
ARSESMART, sb. Also written ass-smart. A plant-
name applied to (i) Pofygonum amphibium (Hrt.) ; (2) P,
hydropiper (Cum. Chs. Lm. War. I.W. Wil. Som. Dev.) ;
(3) f- persicaria (Lin. Wil.) ; (4) Pyrethrum parthenium,
or fever-few (w.Yks.).
(i) Hrt. Arsmart, ELLIS Mod. flush. (1750) III. i. 47. (2) Cum.1
Arse-smart, the pepperwort. Chs.1 ; Chs.3 Also called Knot-grass,
Lake-weed. n.Lin.1, War. (J.R.W.), I.W.1, Wil.1 w.Som.1
Aa 'smart, water-pepper. Dev.4; nw.Dev.1 Yes-smert (3) nXin.1,
Wil.1
6(2) Curage (Outrage), the herb water-pepper, arse smart,
ridge or culerage, COTGR. ; Arse-smart, or water-
pepper, an herb, KERSEY ; Arsmart, Hydropiper, GERARDE,
445- (3) Arsesmart, Persicaria, COLES (1679) ; Dead or
spotted arsmart, Persicaria maculosa GERARDE, 445.]
ARSE- VERSE, sb. Obs. or obsol. Sc. Yks. A spell
written on the side of a house to ward off fire.
s.Sc. Known by old persons some years ago (G.W.M.). Rxb.
Arse'-verse', most probably borrowed from England (JAM.). w.Yks.
Aase-verse, a spell on a house to avert fire or witchcraft, Yks. N.
&Q. (1888) II. 13.
[Arse-verse, a spell written on an house to prevent it
from burning, BAILEY (1721). Arse, fr. Lat. ars-, pp. stem
of ardere, to burn ; cp. Fr. arson, arson, wilful burning.]
ARSEWARD(S, adv. and adj. Cum. Yks. Der. Lin.
War. Wor. Also in Dev. Also written arserd w.Yks.1 ;
ars'erd, ars' erds n.Lin.1; assud War.2 se.Wor.1; arseud
se.Wor.1 ; ass'ard Dev. ;_ arset Sc. nw.Der.1 ; arsed,
arsard nw.Der.1 [a-sad, a'sadz.]
1. adv. Backwards ; hind-before.
Cum. GROSE (1790) ; Brekbackan a — ewards hurry, STAGG Misc.
Poems (1805) Bridewain ; Cum.1 An early Methodist preacher in
Workington used to enlighten his hearers with ' Aa wad as seiin
expect a swine to gang arsewurts up a tree and whissle like a
throssle, as a rich man git to heaven.' n.Yks.1 m.Yks. A cask
or other package in the forepart of a cart, required to be moved
to the afterpart, would be said to be moved arseward, as that latter
part is termed the ' cart arse.' A horse is said to come arseward
when it backs (G.W.W.). w.Yks.1 His skaddle tit— ran arser'd
'geeant mistow nookin [against the corner of the cow-house], ii.
303. Der. The landlord put him out arsuds first (H.R.). n-Lin.1
Go ars'erds, cousin Edward, go ars'erds. Dev. At Okehampton
Station a horse was rather frightened at entering a horse-box ; a
porter who was assisting said, ' You 'ont get'n in, I tell 'ee, vore
you've a-turn un roun' and a-shut'n in ass'ard.' Joe, I zim you
d'an'le things all ass'ard-like, jis the very same's off all your vingers
was thumbs, Reports Provinc. (1889).
2. adj. Perverse, obstinate ; unwilling.
N.Cy.1 Nhb; Sae take some pity on your love And do not still
so arseward prove, STUART^ Joco-Serious Discourse ( 1686 130. Now
probably obs. (R.O.H.) n.Yks.2 Der. Don't be arseward (H.R.).
nw.Der.1, se.Wor.1
3. Comp. Arseward-backwards, hind-before ; also attrib.
War.2 He went out assud-backuds. That's an assud-backuds
form o' diggin' taters. se.Wor.1
[Rebours, a rebours, arseward, backward, COTGR. ; Bot
if je taken as se usen arseworde this gospel, Pol. Poems
(Rolls Ser.) II. 64. Arse + -ward.]
AR-SHORN, see Hare-shorn.
L3
ARSLE
ARTICLE
ARSLE, v. Cum. Yks. Lan. Also in e.An. [a'sl.]
1. To move backwards.
Cum. (E.W.P.1 e.An.2 He [a timid boxer] kept arseling back-
wards, and durst not meet his man. Nrf.1
2. To move when in a sitting posture ; hence, to shuffle,
fidget ; alsoyfj-.
n.Yks.2 They arsl'd out on't [they backed out], n Lan. l e.An.1
Come, arsle up there. Nrf.1 Suf. To keep arseling about (F.H.).
[MDu. erselen (arselen), Du. aarzelen, to move backward
(DE VRIES).]
ARSLING-POLE, sb. e.An. [S'slin-pol.]
Nrf.1 Arseling-pole, the pole bakers use to spread the hot embers
to all parts of the oven.
[From arsle, vb., to move backwards, used in trans,
sense.]
ARSY-VERSY, adv., adj. and sb. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf. Der. Lin. Lei. War. e.An. Also in Som. Dev. Also
written arsey-warsey N.Cy.1 ; arsy-farcy w. Yks.3 e.An.1 ;
arse-versy Lin. SKINNER ; and freq. arsy-varsy.
L adv. Upside-down, head over heels ; fig. in confusion.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790); N.Cy.1, Nhb. (R.O.H.), n.Yks.12, ne.Yks.',
e.Yks.1, w.Yks.1 Lan. Deawn coom I arsy-varsy intoth wetur,
TIM BOBBIN Turn, and Meary (1740) 21. Chs.12, Stf.1 Der. Down
came Tit, and away tumbled she arsy-varsy, RAY Prov. (1678) 225.
ed. 1860. Der.12, nw.Der.1, n-Lln.1, Lei.1, War.12, e.An/ w.Som.1
Hon I com'd along, there was th' old cart a-turned arsy-varsy right
into the ditch, an' the poor old mare right 'pon her back way, her
legs up'n in [up on end]. Dev.3 Ivvery theng es arsyvarsy.
2. adj. Fanciful, preposterous ; contrary, disobedient.
w.Yks.3 Of a woman dressed peculiarly, ' Sho dresses in an
arsy-farcy way.' To a disobedient child, ' Tha a't varry arsy-
farcy.'
3. sb. Deceit, flattery.
n.Yks. Old wives have a lot of arsy-farsy about them, saying 'at
t'bairn is so like its father (I.W.) ; (R.H.H.)
[Stand to 't, quoth she, or yield to mercy, It is not
fighting arsie-versie Shall serve thy turn, BUTLER Hudi-
bras, i. iii. 827 ; Cul sur pointe, topsie-turvy, arsie-varsie,
upside down, COTGR. A rhyming comp. from arse + Lat.
versus, pp. ofvertere, to turn.]
ART, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Also
written airt Sc. Nhb.1 Dur.1 Cum. Yks. ; airth, aith
Sc. e.Yks. ; ete Wxf.1 [ert, eart]
1. The quarter of the heavens, point of the compass ;
esp. of the direction of the wind.
Abd. That gate I'll hald, gin I the airths can keep, Ross Helenore
(1768) 59, ed. 1812. Fif.Thewind isaffadryairt, ROBERTSON Provost
(1894) 19. Ayr. Of a' the airts the wind can blaw, I dearly like the
west, BURNS Jean 1^1788) ; My plaidie to the angry airt, I'd shelter
thee, it. Cauld Blast. Lnk. [Trees that] stand single Beneath ilk
storm, frae every airth, maun bow, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (.1725)37,
ed. 1783. Slk. Let them blawa' at ance fraea' the airts, CHR. NORTH
Nodes Ambros. (1856) III. 3. Gall. Frae every airt the wind can
steer, NICHOLSON Hist, and Trad. Tales (1843) 235. NJ.1 What
art is the win in the day ? Down. The wind's in a thawy art
(C.H.W.). Wxf.1 What ete does the wind blow from! Nhb.1
What airt's the wind in thi day ? Dur.1 Cum. T'wind's cauld this
spring whativer art it blaws fra (E.W.P.) ; T'wind's iv a bad art,
I doubt we'll hae rain (M.P.). Yks. The wind is in a cold airt
(K.). n.Yks.2 The wind's frev an easterly airt. ne.Yks.1 T'wind's
gotten intiv a cau'd airt. e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788 .
w.Yks.l
2. A direction, way ; locality, district.
Sc. She so speers and backspeers me ... that I darena look the
airt a single woman's on, WHITEHEAD DaftDavie (1876) 130. Ayr.
If that he want the yellow dirt, Ye'll cast your head anither airt,
BURNS Tibbie. Lth. He'll never look the airt ye're on, STRATHESK
More Bits 1885) 249. e.Lth. Just you pit the maitter fair afore them,
an' showthem the richt airt, HUNTER J. Intvick 1,1895) 22. Dmf. Fowk
stoiter'd frae a' airths bedeen, MAYNE Siller Gun (1808) 70. N.I.1
It's a bare art o' the country. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.) ;
N.Cy.1 Nhb. Wooers cam' frae ilka airt, RICHARDSON Borderer's
Table-bk. (1846) VIII. 161 ; Nhb.1 What airt ar' ye gan thi day ?
A stranger who cannot very well comprehend the country people
when directing him what airts to observe, will be very liable to
lose his road, OLIVER Rambles (.1835) 9. Cum. Frae ivry art the
young fwolk droove, STAGG Misc. Poems (1805) 119. Wm. Bet
theear wes leets frae beeath arts, Spec. Dial. (,1885) 8. n.Yks.1
Did ye hear t'guns at Hartlepool, John ?— Ay, I heerd a strange
lummering noise. I aimed it cam' fra that airt ; n.Yks.2 They
come frev a bad airt [place of ill-repute] ; m.Yks.1, w.Yks.1
[Angellis sail passe in the four airtis, LYNDESAY
Monarche, 5600 (N.E.D.). Gael, aird, a point, also a
quarter of the compass.]
ART, v. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Written airt Sc. Nhb.1
n.Yks.2 ; ert Sc.
1. Of the wind : to blow from a certain quarter.
Sc. What course ships or boats' would take . . . would depend
upon the mode by which their progress was actuated . . . and as
the wind was airted, STATE Eraser of Fraserfield (1805) 192. Bnff.1
The ween's gain' t'airt frae the east.
2. To incite, egg on.
Lan. He arted me on or I shouldn't have done it (S.W.\
3. To point put the way to any place ; to direct ; to turn
in a certain direction.
Sc. I may think of airting them your way, SCOTT Redg. (1824
xiii ; To permit me to keep sight of my ain duty, or to airt you to
yours, it. Midlothian (,1818 )xviii ; He erted Colin down the brae,
DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 51 ; Lay them open, an' airt them east
an' west (JAM. Sttppt.). Bnff.1 See, lads, it ye airt the stocks richt.
Rnf. Ah, gentle lady, airt my way, TANNAHILL Poems (1807) 147.
Ayr. An' her kind stars hae airted till her A good chiel wi' a pickle
siller, BURNS Lett, to J. Tennant ; But yon green graff now, Luckie
Laing, Wad airt me to my treasure, ib. Lass of Ecclefechan. e.Lth.
What a skill he had o' liftin' ye aff your feet an' airtin' ye roun' frae
north to sooth afore ye kent whaur ye were, HUNTER J. Inwick
(1895) 118. n.Yks.2 Sic mak o' luck was nivver airted mah geeat.
4. To tend towards, aim at.
Sc. He's dune weel, an's airtin to the en" o' his wark. I airtit
hard to get awa wi' the laird (JAM. Suppl.). n.Yks.2 What's thoo
airting at •
6. To find out, discover.
Rxb. I airted him out (JAM.). Nhb.1 I'll airt it oot.
ARTAN, vbl. sb. Sc. fe'rtan.] Direction ; placing
towards a certain quarter of the heavens.
Bnff. Hoot-toot, ye gummeril, the airtan o' the stocks is a'
vrang. Set them aye t' tual o'clock (^W.G.) ; Bnff.1
[Vbl. sb. otarf, vb.]
ART AND PART, phr. Sc. Irel. Dur. (i) As obj. of
v. : share, portion. (2) To be, become, art or part in, with,
to be concerned in, be accessory to.
(i) NJ.1 I had neither art nor part in the affair. Ant. I know
neither art nor part of it, GROSE (1790 MS. add. (C.) (a) Sc.
Whan thou sawist ane reyffar, than thou becamist airt an part wi'
him, RIDDELL Ps. (1857) 1. 18. Gall. For aught I know they may
be art and part in supplying undutied stuff to various law-breaking,
king-contemning grocers, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) v. Wxf. I'll
be neither art nor part in their doings, KENNEDY Banks Bow (1867)
295. Dur.1
[(i) The old man which is corrupt . . . who had art
and part ... in all our Bishops' persecutions, RACKET
Abp. Williams (c. 1670) II. 86 (N.E.D.). (2) Gif evir I wes
othir art or part of Alarudis slauchter, BELLENDEN Crott.
Scot. (1536) xn. viii (JAM.). The jingling phr. art and part
arose fr. such an expression as ' to be concerned in either
by art or part' (by contrivance or participation).]
ARTFUL, adj. e.An. [a'tful.] Clever, intelligent.
e.An.1 Of our Lord in His mother's arms : ' How artful He do
look.' Suf. (F.H.) Ess. I have a strong impression that I have
heard a cottager say of her little boy : ' Yes, he's an artful little
fellow for his age ' ^A.S.P.).
ARTH, see Argh.
ARTICLE, sb. Yks. Der. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. e.An.
Sus. Hmp. Som. |a-tikl.| A term of contempt for an
inferior or worthless person or thing.
n.Yks. He's a bare article (,I.W.). w.Yks. He's a bonny article
[spoken of a person exhibiting eccentricities of conduct of any kind]
(J.R.). nw.Der.1 nXin.1 He's a sore article to be a parson ;
he's nobud fit to eat pie oot o' th' road an' scar bo'ds fra berry-
trees. Lei.1 A's a noist airticle, a is ! Nhp.1 A pretty article he
is ! War.23, e-An.1 e.An.2 He is a poor article. Sus., Hmp.
Generally used with the adjunct ' poor.' That is a poor article,
HOLLOWAY. w.Som.1 More commonly used of things. Of a bad
tool a man would say : Dhush yuurz u purtee haartikul shoa-ur
nuuf [this is a pretty article sure enough].
[The contemptuous use of the word is due to its
ARTIFICIAL
[77]
AS
common use in trade for an item of commodity, as in the
phr. ' What's the next article ?' of the mod. shopkeeper.]
ARTIFICIAL, adj. Lei. Som. [atifi-Jl.]
1. Used as sb. Artificial or chemical manure of any kind.
w.Sora.1 Tidn a bit same's use to, way farmerin, they be come
now vor to use such a sight o' this here hartificial. Darn'd if I
don't think the ground's a-pwoisoned way ut. We never didn
hear nort about no cattle plaayg nor neet no voot-an-mouth avore
they brought over such a lot o' this here hartificial Goa'an-ur
[Guano] or hot ee caal ut.
2. Artistic ; having the appearance of being produced
by art.
Lei.1 The word artificial is rather eulogistic.
[2. Artificial, elaborates, technicus, affabre facias, COLES
(1670) ; Artificial, artful, done according to the rules of
art, BAILEY (1770).]
ARTISHREW, see Harvest-row.
ARTIST, v. Sur. [a'tist] To paint.
Sur. I never could artist a bit mysen, BICKLEY Sur. Hills (1890)
I. xiii.
Hence Artisting, vbl. sb.
Sur. 1 dunno' approve o' this artistin' . . . it's only another naSme
for idling abouilt, BICKLEY Sur. Hills (1890) I. xiii.
[From lit. E. artist, sb. a painter.]
ARVAL, sb. Sc. Cum. Win. Yks. Lan. Obsol. Also
written arfal KENNETT; arvel N.Cy.1 w.Yks.14; arvil(l
n.Yks.2 w.Yks. m.Yks.1 ; averill n.Yks.2 w.Yks.
1. A funeral repast, usually consisting of bread or cakes
with ale. Also applied to funeral ceremonies in general.
Rxb. Arval, arvil-supper, the name given to the supper or enter-
tainment after a funeral (JAM.). n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.1,
Cnm.12 Wm.1 Is ta ter be arvel at t' funeral? The custom is still
observed. n.Yks. Come bring my jerkin, Tibb ; He to'th arvill,
MERITON Praise Ale (1684) 1. 419 ; n.Yks.1 The company assembled
— and the bidding is usually for an hour preceding midday — the
hospitalities of the day proceed, and after all have partaken of a
solid meal, and before the coffin is lifted for removal to the church-
yard, cake, or biscuits, and wine are handed round by two females
whose office is specially designated by the term ' servers ' ; n.Yks.2
Heard thirty years ago, but now obs. ne.Yks.1 Obs. w.Yks. HUTTON
Tour to Caves (1781) ; Now heard only in remote places like the
Haworth valley (S.P.U.) ; T'avole will be at t'Ling Bob (C.F.) ;
w.Yks.14 Lan. After the rites at the grave, the company adjourned
to a public-house, where they were presented with a cake and
ale, called an arval, HARLAND & WILKINSON Flk-Lore (1867) 270 ;
Lan.1, ne.Lan.'
2. Money given to hunters, at the death of a fox, in
order to buy ale.
ne.Lan.1
3. Comp. Arval-bread, -cake, the bread or cake pre-
sented to guests at a funeral ; -dinner, -supper, the
funeral entertainment.
n.Cy. GROSE Sufpl. (1790) • N.Cy.2 Cum. The Dale Head stores
of small cake-loaves or arval-bread, and the like, had been generous,
LINTON Lizzie Lotion (i867)xxix; Cum.1 Wm.Everypersoninvited
to a funeral receives a small loaf at the door of the deceased . . .
the people call it arval-bread, GOUGH Manners (,1847) 23 ;
Small loaves of fine wheaten bread were distributed amongst the
persons attending a funeral ; they were expected to eat them at
home in religious remembrance of their deceased neighbour (J.H.) ;
Wm.1 n.Yks. He called them, not funeral biscuits, but averil
breead, ATKINSON Maori. Parish ^1891) 228 ; n.Yks.1 Confectioners
at Whitby still prepare a species of thin, light, sweet cake for such
occasions ; n.Yks.2 Averill-breead, funeral loaves, spiced with
cinnamon, nutmeg, sugar, and raisins. Lan.1, n.Lan.1 Wm. Pre-
senting each relative and friend of the deceased with an arvel cake,
Denham Tracts (ed. 1895) II. 55 ; Wm.1, m.Yks.1 n.Lan. The arvel
cake is still handed round on funeral occasions, N. & Q. (1858) 2nd
S. vi. 468. Wm. Among the rich, the custom of distributing arvel
bread gradually yielded to a sumptuous arvel-dinner, Lonsdale
Mag. 18221 III. 377. ne.Lan.1 Arval-dinners, given to friends who
attend a funeral from a distance ; common in Cartmel. n.Cy.
Arvill-supper, a feast made at funerals, GROSE (1790) ; (,K.) ; N.Cy.2
[Arval, or Arvil, burial or funeral solemnity, hence
arvil-bread, loaves distributed to the poor at funerals,
BAILEY (1755). Dan. arve-ol, ON. erfi-6l, a wake, funeral
feast, comp. of erfi, a funeral feast, and 67, an ' ale,' a ban-
quet, feast (see Ale). ON. erfi is cogn. with erfd,
inheritance.]
ARVIE, sb. Sh.I. The common chickweed, Stellaria
media.
Sh. (K.I.), S. & Ork.i
[Dan. arve, chickweed ; cp. OE. earfe, a tare.]
AR-WO-HAY, int. Nhb.
Nhb.1 Ar-wo-hay, a cartman's term to his horse to steady.
ARY, see Harry.
AS, rel. pron. Var. dial, of Eng. Not in Sc. Nhb.
Cum. n. and e.Yks. (see At) w.Sorrt. Dev. Occas. in Dur.
Wm. w.Yks., where the usual rel. is at, q.v. [az.]
1. Used as rel. pron. in all genders, sing, and pi.
Dur. You mean him as Miss T. is going to marry (A.B.). Wm.
A par o' shoes as he'd been makkin, Spec. Dial. (1880 pt ii. 33 ;
Wm.1 Nowt as I knaa on. w.Yks. Her as ah once hed call'd mi
queen, BINNS Yksman. Xmas, No. (1888) 23 ; w.Yks.1 Whea's
sheep's them, as I sa yusterneet ? Lan. Every lad and every wench
as went, HARLAND & WILKINSON Flk-Lore (1867) 270. n.Lan.
I luk't for him as me sowl lovs, PHIZACKERLEY Sng. Sol. (1860)
iii. i. e.Lan.1 He as buys stuff as is wanted. Chs.1 He's the chap
as did it; s.Chs.1 Wen-shiz fiz ktin mil-k [wenches as can milk],
Introd. 70. s.Stf. The mon as did that disappeared, PINNOCK Blk.
Cy. Ann. (1895) ; Stf.2 Der. Them two sheep as is in the croft,
VERNEY Stone Edge (1868) ii. n.Der. Let a mon stick to his station
as is his station, HALL Hathersage (1896) vii. Lin. Proputty's
ivrything 'ere . . . fur them as 'as it's the best, TENNYSON N. Farmer,
New Style (1870) st. n : Lin.1 ; n.Lin.1 Whose cauves was them
as I seed i' Messingham toon streat ? Lei. Itz won az wuz gev
[given] mi (C.E.1. Nhp.1 War. Ready to kiss the ground as the
missis trod on, GEO. ELIOT Amos Barton (1858) vii ; War.2 A lad
as could kill a robin 'd doanythink ; War.3 w.Wor. His butty, as,
he said, had fettled his osses, S. BEAUCHAMP Grantley Grange 1 18741
1. 30. Shr.1 I'm sartin it wuz 'im as I sid comin' out o' the ' George ' ;
Shr.2 Those as liken. Hrf.1 ; Hrf.2 The man as told me. Glo.1 In
gen. use. Oxf.1 The mummers say, ' Yer comes I as ant bin it [yet],
Wi' my gret yed, an' little wit [Yuur kuumz uuy uz aa'nt bin it,
Wi muuy gret yed, un lifl wit]. Brks.1 It was he as tawld I.
Bdf. Field's cart as takes Louisa's things to-morrer, WARD B.
Costrell (1895) 21. e-An.1, Hnt. (T.P.F.) Nrf. The song o' songs,
as is Sorlomun's, GILLETT Sng. Sol. (1860) i. i. Ess. Buie that as
is needful, thy house to repaire, TUSSER Husbandrie (1580) 57, st.
47. Sur. They pore crethurs as has to moil, BICKLEY Sur. Hills
(1890) I. i ; Sur.1 Som. Doant put a muzzle on tha ox as draishes
out the corn, 'AGRIKLER' Rhymes (1872) 75; In e.Som. 'as'
is used for the relative, but in w. we should say 'dhu mae'tin waut
[what]dued ut,' ELWORTHY Gram. (1877) 41. n.Wil. TeSke us th'
voxes, th' leetle voxes, as spwiles th' vines, KITE Sng. Sol. (c. 1860)
ii. 15; Wil.1 Dor. (H.J.M.) Cor.3 He's the man as did it (in common
use). [Amer. Nobody as I ever heard on, BARTLETT.]
2. As +poss. pron. used for gen. case of rel.
s.Chs.1 That's th' chap as his uncle was hanged, Introd. 70.
Sur. A gentleman from India, as you see his name writ up,
JENNINGS Field Paths (1884) 22; Sur.1 That shepherd we had as
his native were Lewes.
3. In phr. (i) as ever is; (2) as was (in gen. colloq. use),
formerly, ne'e ; also used redundantly ; (3) all as is, the
whole matter, the whole.
(i) Dor. Last Monday as ever wur (H.J.M.). Dev.3 I'll come an"
zee 'e the next Monday as-ivver-is. (2) s.Not. Ahve just seed Miss
Wright. Miss Wright as was, ah should say— Mrs. Smith. Iwor
coming across Tomkins' orchard as was i J.P.K.). Lin. Only last
Soondayas was, FENN Cure of Souls (1889) 7. (3) Lei.1 Oi'll tell
yer missus on yer, an' that's all as is. War.2 All as is, is this, I sid
'im tek th' opple myself. w.Wor.1 I'll give 'ee ahl-as-is. Shr.1
All as is is this ... so now yo' knowen. Wil.1
[Nor will he ... wish his mistress were that kind of
fruit As maids call medlars, SHAKS. R. &• J. n. i. 34 ; Those
as sleep and think not on their sins, ib. Merry w. v. v. 57.]
AS, adv. In var. dial, uses in n. and midl. counties ;
also Sc. Irel. e.An. Ken. Sus. Som. [az.]
L Used redundantly.
e.Yks.1 Ah can't think as hoo it's deean, MS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks.
We stopt wi' Jane Ann as nearly an hahr (^E.B.). Lan. I hope
as that ye'll nut be vext, HARLAND & WILKINSON Fit-Lore (1867)
60 ; We hannot had a battle i' this heawse as three year an' moor,
WAUGH Owd Bodle, 253. Stf.2 My feyther died as twel' months
come Monday. nw.Der.1 Not. It'll be Goose Fair a fortnight as
yesterday (L.C.M.). nXin.1 He hesn't been here sin a munth as
last Bottesworth feast. awXin.1 A week as last Monday. Nhp.1
I expect him as next week. War.2 I'm gooin' to my uncle's as next
AS
[78]
ASH
Sunday. Shr.1 'E toud me they wun gwei'n theer as nex" Saturday ;
Shr.2 Glo. We expected him as yesterday, N. &• Q. (1878) 5th S.
ix. 256. s.Oxf. Wot might you be thinkin' o' doin' about that now ?
— As how? [in what way ?] ROSEMARY Chiitems : 18951 168. Mid.
Don't you remember me, as how I was squeezed and scrouged
into your little back room, GROSE Olio (1796) 105-6. e.An.1 He
will come as to-morrow. Ken.1 I reckon you'll find it's as how it
is. Sus. I can only say as this, I done the best I could, N. (f Q.
(1878) sth S. xi. 288. w.Som.1 He promised to doun as to-morrow.
You zee, sir, 'tis like as this here.
2. In phr. (i) as how, however; (2) as to, towards, with
regard to ; (3) as what, as where, whatever, wherever.
(i) w.Yks. He couldn't find a lass to suit him, as hah he lukt aht,
HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1887) 40. Lan. I mun do this house up th'
first, as how, WAUGH Sphinx 1,1870) iii. (2) Ir. How the devil can
a man be stout as to a man, and afraid of a ghost ? HARRINGTON
Sketches (1830) I. viii. (3) w.Yks. Decide at yo'll be happy as what
happens, HARTLEY Clock Alm.( 1888) 4 ; He'z a better breed nerthee
ony daay, az where he comes thro', ECCLES Leeds Olm. (1879) 23.
[Before how it is sometimes redundant, but this is in
low language, BAILEY (1755), s.v. As • Whanne thei
hadden rowid as fyue and twenti furlongis, WYCLIF (1388)
John\i, 19.]
3. How. Obs. ?
Sc. See as our gudemither's hands and lips are ganging . . .
she'll speak eneugh the night, SCOTT Antiquary (1816) xxvi.
AS, conj. Sc. Irel. and in gen. use in Eng., but rarely
in sense 2 in those districts where at (q.v.) is used, [az.]
1. After comparative : than.
Sc. Very common in s. counties. Better weir schuin as sheets,
MURRAY Dial. (1873) 169 ; I rather like him as otherwise, SCOTT
St. Ronan (1824) xxvi ; I wad rather see them a' ower again, as
sic a fearfu" flitting as hers ! ib. Antiquary ( 1816) xl ; Nay, more
as that, they cut out his hair, Scotic. (1787) 119 ; I would rather go
as stay, ib. 8. N.I.1 I'd rather sell as buy. Yks. Better rue sell
as rue keep, Prov. in Bn'ghouse News (July 23, 1887) ; Better hev
a maase i' t'pot as nae flesh, ib, (Aug. 10, 1889!. n.Yks. (I.W.1
w.Yks. I'd rather break steeans by t'rooad as dew so, LUCAS Stud.
Nidderdale (c. 1882) 231. [U.S.A. I would rather see him as you,
Dial. Notes (iSgsl 376.]
2. Introducing subord. clause : that.
Yks. I'll see as he wants nowt, WESTALL Birch Dene (18891 I.
232. w.Yks. Tell Jack ah'm bahn to Bradforth to-morn, so's he
can go wi' mha, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (May 30, 1891) ; Ah've heeard
as Fred Greenud an' Polly Scott wor bahn to be wed sooin (JE.B.}.
Lan. It's nowt o' th' soart ; dunnot yo threep me doun as it is,
BURNETT Haworths (1887} ixvi. ne.Lan.1 He said as he wod. Stf.2
Is it true as your Bill's bin put i'th 'ob ? [prison]. n.Der. They
do say as his carpenters, havin' built th' ark, . . . weren't let enter
in, HALL Hathersage (1896) vii. s.Not. I don't know as I can,
PRIOR Renie (1895) 36. Lei. If you'll bring me any proof as I'm
in the wrong, GEO. ELIOT S. M artier (1861) 40 ; Lei.1 Almost a uni-
versal substitute for ' that.' War.2 w.Wor.1 You don't think as
I've took that spoon? (s. v. Hurt). Shr.1 They sen as the cranna-
berries bin despert scase this time. Glo. I war'n as th' owld
squire must a' felt quite proud o' hisself, BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn
(1890) 6; Glo.2 He took his woath as I layed a drap. s.Oxf. I
don't know as I can, ROSEMARY Chiitems (1895) 41. Snr. History
do tell as a high tide came up, JENNINGS Field Paths (1884) 3.
Hrap.1 I don't know as I do. Wil. I seed in the paper as the rate
is gone down a penny, JEFFERIES Gt. Estate ( 1880) ix. n.Wil.
Come back, as we med look upon 'ee, KITE Sng. Sol. (c. 1860)
vi. 13. Dev. I couldn't say as I knowed the rights of it, O'NEILL
Idylls (1892) 22.
3. As how, as why, before subord. clause : that.
Cum.1 He said as how he wad nivver gang near them. w.Yks.
Ah doan't knaw as hah Ahs'll goa ageean (.lE.B.l. Lan. We have
heard say as how he's coming home, FOTHERGILL Probation (1879) i.
Stf.2 I toud 'im as 'ow he'd cum too late. He said as why he
couldna come. There is even the construction ' He said as how
as why he couldna come.' Not. He said as how the fox ran clean
past him (L.C.M.) ; Not.1 n.Lin.1 He said as how he was a loongin'
tneaf. Lei.1 Nhp.1 He said as how he'd come. War." Shr.1
1 card the maister tellin' the missis as 'ow 'e wuz gweln to
Stretton far ; Shr.2 Saying as how he is an oud mon. Brks.1 A
;elled muh as zo his ship was sheared las' Tuesday. Hnt (T P F )
Ess. She shoollymightersin as how the booy warnt right, DOWNES
Ballads (1*95) 23. Hmp. I knows as how he did it (H.C M B 1
4. With or without anteced. as, and ellipsis of can be •
expressing superl. degree.
n.Yks. As salt as salt (I.W.). w.Yks. As heait as heait [hot],
LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 18821 231 ; Hard as hard, very hard.
Hot as hot, as hot as possible, BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865). Chs
As happyas happy, CLOUGHB. Bresskittle (1879) l6- s-Stf. Ashot as
hot,PiNNOCKB« Cy.^««.(i895). Lei.(C.E.); Lei.1 One of the com-
monest descriptive formulas. War. He'll come back as ill as ill,
GEO. ELIOT Janet's Repent. (1858) viii ; War.2; s.War.1 As lusty
as lusty [in excellent health]. s.Wor.1 As black as black, and
so with other epithets. Glo. (A.B.) s.Oxf. Once a fortnight
I bakes reglar, an' that keeps as moist as moist, ROSEMARY
Chiitems (1895) 98. Oxf.1 MS. add. Ess. There's no mistaike,
Bill, he's as owd as owd, DOWNES Ballads (1895) 34. Som. His
hair, 'twas as black as black, LEITH Lemon Verbena 1,1895) 50.
Colloq. The sea was wet as wet could be, The sand was dry as
dry, CARROLL Through Looking-glass (1872).
[1. Ther can nocht be ane mair vehement perplexite as
qu hen ane person, &c., Complaynt of Sc. (1549) 71. Cp.
(j. mehr als. 2. That the Fop . . . should say as he would
rather have such-a-one without a groat than me with
the Indies, Sped. No. 508.]
A-SAM, adv. Obs. Cor. Of a door : ajar.
Cor.2 The door's a-sam.
[A-, on + satn (half), q.v.]
ASCANT, adv. n.Yks. [aska-nt] Oblique.
n.Yks.2
A-SCAT, aav. Dev. [askas't.] Broken like an egg.
Dev. GROSE (1790) ; Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 422 ; HOLLOWAY.
[A-, on + scat; see Scat (to scatter).]
A-SCRAM, adv. Dor. [askrae'm.] Of a limb:
shrunken, withered.
Dor. She reluctantly showed the withered skin. 'Ah ! 'tis all
a-scram ! ' said the hangman, examining it, HARDY Wess. Tales
18881 I. 117 ; It would be normal to say ' His arm is all a-scram,'
though if attrib. ' He has a scram arm ' (O.P.C.).
[A- (pref. 10) + scram, q.v.]
ASCRIBE, adv. Som. Cor. Written ascrode Cor.1
Astride.
Som. Nif he'd ... a brumstick vor'n to zit ascride, JENNINGS
Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825") n8. Cor.1 She rode ascrode.
[A-, on + scride (prob. a pron. of stride).]
ASEE, sb. Or.I. The angle contained between the
beam and handle on the hinder side of a plough.
S. & Ork.1 Or.I. Also called Nick JAM.).
ASELF, see Atself.
A-SEW, adv. I.W. Dor. Som. Cor. Also written
assue Som. ; azew Cor.1 ; azue Cor.2 [azoV.] Of
cows : dry, no longer in milk.
I.W. The cows were assue, MONCRIEFF Dream in Gent. Mag.
^863) ; I.W.1 The wold cow's azew ; I.W.2 I wants moor milk
than I got, ver near all the cows be gone azew. Dor. In common
use round Dorchester (O.P.C.); I don't want my cows going
azew at this time of year, HARDY Tess (1891) 139 ; Dor.1 Som.
A cow is said to have ' gone a-zue,' PULMAN Sketches (1842) 77 ;
I'll zell your little sparked cow that's gone a-sue, RAYMOND Sam
and Sabina (1894; 43 ; W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; JENNINGS Obs. Dial.
w.Eng. (i825\ w.Som.1 A cow before calving, when her milk is
dried off, is said to be azue, or to have gone 'zue.' Cor.12
[A- (pref.10) + sew, q.v.]
ASGAL, see Asker.
ASH, sb.1 In van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. Eng. Also
written ass, ess ; see below, [as, es, aef.]
1. Collective sine., usually written ass or ess : fine ashes,
usually from coal See Axen.
Sc. What wad ye collect out of the sute and the ass ? SCOTT
B of Lam. (1819) xi ; While I sithurklen in the ase, RAMSAY Tea-
Table Misc. 1 1724) I. no, ed. 1871. Fif. It'll no dae to sit crootlin'
i' the ace a' yer days, ROBERTSON Provost ^1894) 72. Ayr. In
loving bleeze they sweetly join, Till white in ase they're sobbin,
BURNS Halloween (1785) st. 10. N.I.1 Aas. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Dur.1
Cum. GROSE (1790) ; Gl. (1851) ; Meeting a boy with a good-
looking ass drawing a cart laden with coal, he called out, ' Stop,
you boy. Whose ass is that ? '— ' It's nut ass at o', it's smo' cwol,'
DICKINSON Cumbr. (1876) 298. Wm.1 n.Yks.1 Clamed wiv ass,
smeared over with ashes ; n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1 Put a bit o' ass
uppo t'trod, it's sae slaap. e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. 11788) ;
e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Swept all t'ass of t'crust, PRESTON Moorside Musins
in Yksman. (1878) 59 ; w.Yks.1 I hev nout to do, but riddil ass,
»• 357 ; w.Yks.2 Coke ass ; w.Yks.3* Lan. Ewt o' th' ass un
dirt i' th' asshoyle, PAUL BOBBIN Sequel (1819! 41. n.Lan. Piat as
ASH
[79]
ASH
iz nat bad till [manure]. Lan.1 Come, lass, sweep th' ess up,
an' let's bi lookin' tidy ; neXan.1, e.Lan.1 Chs. Skeer the esse,
separate the dead ashes from the embers, RAY (1691); (K.);
Chs.1 2 Stf. ' Esse ' are only the ashes of turfs when burned for
compost (K.\ s.Stf. This coal mak's a nasty white ess, PINNOCK
.Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895"!. Stf.2 Oi waz gettinS' es up Sis mornin loik
an barnt mi and wi sum ot sindarz [I was getting the ess up this
morning like, and burnt my hand with some hot cinders]. Der.12,
nw.Der.1, War. (J.R.W.), War.3, w.Wor.' Shr.1 Yore garden
seems to be a very stiff sile, John ; if I wuz yo' I'd sprade some
ess an" sut on ; Shr.2. Hrf.2
2. Comp. (i) Ash-ball, obs., see below ; (2) -board,
a wooden box or tray to hold ashes ; (3) -brass, money
obtained by the sale of ashes ; (4) -cake, a cake baked on
the hearth ; (5) -card, a fire-shovel ; (6) -cat, (7) -chat,
one who crouches over the fire ; (8) -cloth, (9) -coup,
see below; (10) -grate, (n) -grid, a grating over the
'ash-hole'; (12) -heap-cake, (13) -lurdin, (14) -man,
(15) -manure, (16) -mixen, (17) -muck, (18) -mull, (19)
•padder, (20) -peddlar, (21) -pit, (22) -rook, (23) -water,
see below. [See further s.v. Ash-backet, -hole, -midden,
•nook, -riddle, -trug.]
(il Shr.1 Balls made of the ashes of wood or fern damped with
water ; afterwards sun-dried . . . and used for making buck-lee.
Put a couple o' them ess-balls i' the furnace an' fill it up 60th
waiter for the lee. Ess-balls were sold in Shrewsbury market in
1811, and prob. much later on. (a) Cnm. Asbuird, GROSE (1790)
MS. add. (D.AO ; He's but an as-buird meaker, ANDERSON Ballads
(1808) Wully Miller. Wm. & Cum.1 Wi' th' ass-buurd for a teable,
aoi. Wm.1, ne.Lan.1 (3) w.Yks. Ony wumman differin abaght
dividin' t'hass-brass sal pay one penny, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE
Bairnsla Ann. (1847) 29. (4) Dev.3 When the hearthstone is very
hot the ashes are swept off and the ash-cake laid on it. A sauce-
pan cover is then set over, and the ashes carefully replaced on the
cover. (5) n.Yks.1 Ass-card, Ass-caird, a fire-shovel for cleaning or
carding up the hearth-stone (see Card) ; n.Yks.2 e.Yks. MARSHALL
Rur. Econ. (1788) Suppl. m.Yks.1 (6) Lan.1 Ass-cat, a term of
contempt applied to lazy persons who hang habitually over the fire.
Dev. Why you be a reg'lar ash-cat sitting over the fire, Reports
Provinc. (1887) 3 ; An axen-cat is one that paddles or draws
lines in the ashes with a stick or poker. Monthly Mag. (1808) II.
422. (7") Dev.3 Ashchat, a person who leans over the fire, with
elbows on knees, in a dreamy attitude. t,8) Ken. P4 for an Ash-
cloth for the Workhouse, 6s. 6d., Pluckley Overseers' Ace. (1796)
iP.M.). Sus.1 Ash cloth, a coarse cloth fastened over the top of the
wash-tub and covered first with marsh-mallow leaves and then with
a layer of wood ashes [through this the water was strained by
washerwomen in order to soften it]. (9) n.Yks.1 Ass-coup, a kind
of tub or pail to carry ashes in (see Coup1; n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1
In rare use. (10) Cum. Ass-grate, the grated cover over the hollow
beneath a kitchen fireplace where the ashes drop (M.P.^ ; Cum.1
ne.Wor. In this district the word Ass or Ess is used only in the
comp. Ess-grate, the cover to the ' purgatory ' (J.W.P.). ( i i'i Chs.1
Ess-grid.^ Stf.1, War. (J.R.W.) (12) n.Lin.1 Ash-heap cake, a cake
baked on the hearth under hot wood embers. (13) s.Chs.1 Hoo's a
terrible ess-luruin, auvays comin' croodlin' i' th' fire [cf. Ass-cat].
(14) n.Yks.2 Ass-man, the dustman, scavenger. (15) n-Yks.1 Ass-
manner, manure, so called, of which the chief constituent is ashes,
especially peat or turf ashes. ne.Yks.1 In common use. (16)
s.Chs.1 Ess-mixen, the mixen or heap upon which the ashes are
thrown. (17) n.Yks. ' They'll be all clamed wiv . . . ass-muck,' in
other words, smeared over with peat-ashes and such other refuse
as is thrown into an ordinary moorland ash-pit, ATKINSON Maori.
Parish (1891) 120 ; n.Yks.2 (18) ib. Ass-mull or Turf-mull (q. v.),
the ashes from a turf fire. (19") Dev. Ash-padder, or Pedder, also
called Axwaddle, q.v., GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) ; Dev.3 Ash-
padder, a person who goes from cottage to cottage collecting wood-
ashes, which are bought by farmers to mix at sowing time with
seeds. (20) Som. Axpeddlar, a dealer in ashes, W. & J. Gl. (1873:.
(21) Sc. Ane o' the prentices fell i' the ase-pit, CHAMBERS Pop.
Rhymes (1870) 83. Chs.3 Ash-pit, the general receptacle of the
rubbish and dirt of a house. [In gen. use.] (22) Chs.1 Ess-rook,
a dog or cat that likes to lie in the ashes. Shr.1 This kitlin' inna
wuth keepin', — it's too great a ess-rook. (23) Ken. To have . . .
usefull utensils to wash with, to make bucking, ash water, &c.,
Pluckley Vestry Bk. (Feb. 1787); Ash- water is hard water made
soft for washing clothes by pouring it through an ash-cloth (q. v.).
The process is still in use (P.M.\
[1. The litle cloude as aske he sprengeth, WYCLIF
(1382) Ps. cxlvii. 16 ; Which . . . spredith abrood a cloude
as aische, ib. (1388) ; Kloude as aske he strewis, HAM-
POLE Ps. cxlvii. 5. OE. asce, ' cinis.']
ASH, sb." In var. dial, uses throughout Sc. Irel. Eng.
Also written esh Nhb.1 n.Yks.2 w.Yks.2 n.Lin.1; eisch
[aj.ef.]
leaf
leaf ash.
1. The leaf of an ash -tree ; in comb. Even-ash, Even-
N.I.1 Even ash, an ash-leaf with an even number of leaflets, used
in a kind of divination. The young girl who finds one repeats
the words—' This even ash I hold in my han', The first I meet is
my true man.' She then asks the first male person she meets on
the road what his Christian name is, and this will be the name
of her future husband. Nhb. Even-esh is a lucky find, and is put
into the bosom, or worn in the hat, or elsewhere, for luck
(R.O.H.); Even-ash, underthe shoe, will get you a sweetheart. Itis
placed in the left shoe, Denham Tracts (ed. 1895) I. 282 ; Nhb.1 It
is considered as lucky to find an even-esh as to find a four-leaved
clover. w.Shr. [Used for divination, as in Irel.] in agreement with
the well-known rhyme — ' Even ash and four-leaved clover, See
your true-love ere the day's over,' BURNE Flit-Lore (1883) 181.
Wil.1 On King Charles' day, May 29, children carry Shitsack,
sprigs of young oak, in the morning, and Powder-monkey, or
Even-ash, ash-leaves with an equal number of leaflets, in the
afternoon (s.v. Shitsac). nw.Dev.1 A haivm laiv ash An' a vower
laiv clauver, You'll sure to zee your true love Avore the day's
auver, In trod. 20.
2. Comp. (i) Ash-candles, (2) -chats, (3) -holt, see below ;
(4) -keys, the seed-vessels of the ash (see Keys) ; (5)
•plant, an ash sapling or stick ; (6) -planting, a beating
with an ash stick ; (7) -stang, (8) -stob, (9) -stole, (10)
-tillow,see below ; (n) -top,a variety of potato; (i2)-weed,
AZgopodium podagraria, or goutweed.
(,i) Dor. Ash-candles, the seed-pod of the ash-tree, Gl. (1851) ;
Dor.1 (2) n.Cy. Ash-chats, or keys, GROSE (1790) s.v. Chat,
q.v. (3) n.Lin.1 Esh-holt, a small grove of ash trees. 14) Sc.
I have seen the ash-keys fall in a frosty morning in October,
SCOTT Bk. Dwarf (1816) vii. Nhb. Ash-keys is the common term
for the seed of the ash (R.O.HA w.Yks.2 An old farmer in Full-
wood affirmed that there were no ash-keys in the year in which
King Charles was put to death. Lan.1 Let's ga an' gedder some
eisch-keys an* lake at conquerors [i.e. the wings of the seed are
interlocked ; each child then pulls, and the one whose ' keys ' break-
is conquered]. e.Lan.1, Chs.13, Not.1, n-LIn.1, Lei.1 Nhp.1 The
failure of a crop of ash-keys is said to portend a death in the royal
family. War.3, Sur.1 Dev.4 Also called locks-and-keys, shacklers.
[The fruit like unto cods ... is termed in English, Ash-keyes, and
of some, Kite-keyes, GERARDE (ed. 1633) 1472.] (5) w.Yks.2 An ash
stick is usually called an esh-plant. s.Chs.1 Tha wants a good ash-
plant abowt thy back. Stf.2 If the dustna let them cows be, I'll
lay this ash-plant about the. n.Lin. Cuts hissen a esh-plant to
notch doon all the fools he fin's on, PEACOCK Tales and Rhymes
(1886) 63 ; n-Lin.1 There is a widespread opinion that if a man
takes a newly cut esh-plant not thicker than his thumb, he may
lawfully beat his wife with it. War.3 An ash-plant is an article
that no well-furnished farm-house and few schoolmasters would be
without. Dev. On the leeward side of a stiff bulwark of newly
bill-hooked ashplant, BLACKMORE Kit (1890) II. i. (6) n.Lta. I'll
gie ye an esh-plantin' ye weant ferget, PEACOCK Taales (.1889) 89.
(7) n.Yks.2 Esh-stang, an ash-pole. (8) ib. Esh-stob, an ash-post.
(9) Wil. Hares . . . slip quietly out from the form in the rough
grass under theashstole [stump], JEFFERIES Gamekeeper (1878) 31.
( 10) Hmp. Ash-tillows are young ash-trees left growing when a
wood is cleared, MARSHALL Review (1817) V. (n) Ess. Those on
the right are ashtops, BARING-GOULD Mehalah (1885) 154. (12)
Shr. Ashweed, perhaps from casual resemblance to the leaf of the
Ash. Wil.1, w.Som.1
3. With adj. used attrib. in plant-names: (i) Blue ash,
Syringa vulgaris, lilac (Glo.) ; (2) Chaney ash, Cyiisus
laburnum (Chs.) ; (3) French ash, C. laburnum (Der.1 ;
(4) Ground ash, JEgopodium podagraria (Chs. Lin. War.) ;
Angelica sylvestris (n.Cy.) ; (5) Spanish ash, Syringa wd-
goutweed. Usual name.
[Esch key, frute, clava, Prompt. ; Ash-weed, Herba
Gerardi, COLES (1679) ; Ayshwaede, Herbe Gerard, or
Goutworte, MINSHEU (1617).]
ASH
[80]
ASH-NOOK
ASH, v. Yks. Lin. Written esh. [ej.] To flog, beat ;
cf. to birch, hazel.
e.Yks. So called from the esh [ash] plant being the instrument
used by the castigator, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 26 ; e.Yks.1
w.Yks. (JE.B.) nXin.1 If we catch boys gettin' bod nests we
esh 'em.
ASH, see Arrish.
ASHARD, adv. Glo. Wil. [afa'd.] Of a door : ajar.
See Ashore.
Glo.1 n.Wil. (obsol.) The door's ashard (G.E.D.). Wil.1 Put
the door ashard when you goes out.
[A- (pref?) + shored (propped).]
ASH-BACKET, sb. Sc. Written ass-, ase-backet
(JAM.). A small tub or square wooden trough for holding
ashes.
w. & s.Sc. Dimin. of assback, a back or tub for ashes (JAM.). Abd.
Aise-backet, the common name for what in Per. is called a backie
(G. W. V Gall. The aristocratic avenues of the park, bordered with
frugal lines of 'ash backets' for all ornament, CROCKETT Stickil
Min. (1893) 155.
ASH-COLOURED LOON, sb. The great crested Glebe,
Podiceps cristatus. Also called Ash-coloured Swan.
SWAINSON Birds (1885) 215.
ASH-COLOURED SAND-PIPER, sb. Irel. The Knot,
Tringa canutus.
IT. So called from the sober tints of its feathers in winter,
SWAINSON Birds (1885) 195.
ASHELT, advb. phr. Obs. Yks. Lan. Perhaps,
probably.
w.Yks. WATSON Hist.Hlfx (1775)531 ; CuDWORTH//otfo«(i886);
w.Yks.4 Lan. Cou'd ashelt sell hur eh this tother pleck, TIM
BOBBIN View Dial. (1746) 29. ed. 1806 ; DAVIES Races (1856) 270;
Lan.1
[As + helt (likely), q.v.]
ASHEN, sb. Lan. Chs. Der. Obsol. Written eshin.
A kind of pail, used for carrying milk.
n.Cy. (K.) ; Eskin [sic], GROSE (1790); N.Cy.2 w.Lan. Bring
th' eshin here (H.M.). Chs.1 Wooden milkpails are still in occas.
use. Often pronounced Heshin, and [sometimes] so spelt in
auctioneers' catalogues ; Chs.2 These pails are, I believe, always
made of ash wood. Der.1 Obs.
Hence Eshintle, an ' ashen ' or ' eshin ' full.
Chs. Get a eshintle o' th' best Jock Barleycorn, CLOUGH B.
Bresskittle (1879) 16; Chs.12
[See Ashen, adj.]
ASHEN, adj. Lei. War. Shr. Glo. e.An. Ken. Sus. Wil.
Dor. Som. Cor. [a'Jan, ae'Jan.]
1. Made of the wood of the ash ; belonging to the ash.
Sus.1 Wil. SLOW Gl. (1892). n.Wil. I wants a aishen stake
(E.H.G.). Dor. The moss, a-beat vrom trees, did lie Upon the
ground in ashen droves, BARNES Poems (1869) 87. w.Som.1 Su
geod u aa-rshn tae'ubl-z uvur yiie zeed [as good an ash table as
you ever saw]. Cor. Charm for the bite of an adder — ' Bradgty,
bradgty, bradgty, under the ashing leaf,' QUILLER-COUCH Hist.
Polperro (1871) 148.
2. Comp. (i) Ashen-faggot, a faggot of ash-wood ; (2)
•keys, the fruit of the ash ; (3) -plant, an ash sapling ;
(4) -tree, the ash.
(i) w.Som.1 Aa-rshn faak'ut, the large faggot which is always
made of ash to burn at the merry-making on Christmas Eve— both
Old and New. We know nothing of a yule-log in the West. It
is from the carouse over the ashen-faggot that farmers with their
men and guests go out to wassail the apple-trees on old Christmas
Eve (Jan. 5). The faggot is always specially made with a number
of the ordinary halse binds, or hazel withes. (2) Ken.1 Ashen-
keys, so called from their resemblance to a bunch of keys. (3) War.2
Ashen-plant, an ash sapling cut to serve as a light walking-stick
or cane. Shr.1 Whad a despert srode lad that Turn Rowley is,
'e wants a good ashen-plant about 'is 'ide ; Shr.2 Lay a good
eschen plant across his shouthers. (4) Lei. ' Ashentree, Ashentree,
Pray buy these warts of me.' A wart-charm. A pin is stuck into
the tree, and afterwards into a wart, and then into the tree again,
where it remains a monument of the wart which is sure to perish,
NORTHALL Gl. (1896). War.2 Glo.1, e-An.1, Snff. (C.T.) Dor.
Aishen-tree.
[By ashen roots the violets blow, TENNYSON In Mem.
cxv; At once he said, and threw His ashen spear,
DRYDEN (JOHNSON) ; Ashen keys, Fmctus fraxineus,
lingua avtculae, COLES (1679). Ash, sb.2+ -en, adj. suff.]
ASHER, adj. Yks. [e-Jar.] Made of ash wood. Also
used as sb.
n.Yks. Ah teeak a esher, an'gav t'dog a good threshing (I.W.) ;
mYks.1 An asher pail. An asher broom.
[Ash (the tree) + -er, of doubtful origin.]
ASHET, sb. Sc. Nhb. [a'Jet] A dish on which a
joint is served ; also used for a pie-dish.
Sc. Scotic. (17871 9 ; GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Gie me here
John Baptist's head in an aschet, HENDERSON St. Matt. (1862 xiv. 8.
S. & Ork.1 MS. add. Inv. (H.E.F ) Bwk. What sort of a plate,
or ashet, or server it was placed upon, HENDERSON Pop.
Rhymes (1856) 24. Slk. You're a dextrous cretur, wi' yourashets
o' wat and dry toast, CHR. NORTH Nodes Ambros. (,ed. 1856) III.
95. Nhb. Heard on the n. borders, but not in gen. use, and prob.
introduced by immigrants from Scotland (R.O.H.).
[Fr. assiette, a trencher-plate (COTGR.).]
ASH-HOLE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Lin.
War. Wor. Shr. Dor. Also written ass-, ais(s- Sc. ; ass-
hooal n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1 e.Yks.1; -hwole Nhb.1; -hoil
w.Yks.8 ; ess- Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. War. Wor. Shr. ; ess-
hwole Nhb.1 ; axen- Dor.1 [a-s-, e's-51, -oal, -oil.]
1. A hole to receive ashes, beneath or in front of the
grate. Also called Purgatory, q.v.
Sc. The cat [was] in the ass-hole, makin at the brose, Down fell
a cinder and burnt the cat's nose, CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes (1870)
27. Per. Ais-hole (G.W.). e.Lth. The wumman that tint the sax-
pence, an' soopit oot her hoose but an' ben, an' rakit oot the aiss-
hole, HUNTER J. Inuiick (1895) 21. Edb. Throwing the razor into
the ass-hole, WlomMansieWauch (1828) 42. Nhb.1, n.Yks.1, ne.Yks.1,
e.Yks.1 w.Yks. He threw it into t'ass-hooal, 'EAVESDROPPER' Vitt.
Life (1869) 7 ; w.Yks.1 ; w.Yks.8 Tell'd her a hunderd times niwer
to put t'poaker i' t'ass-hoil. Lan. Deawn he coom o' th' harstone,
on his heeod i' th' esshole, TIM BOBBIN View Dial. (1746) 52, ed.
1819; Thou'd rayther sit i' th' hesshole, brunnin" thy shins i'
th' fire, than stick to thy loom, BRIERLEY Cast upon World (1886)
25 ; Lan.1 m.Lan.' ' Dusta think as a ass-hoyle is a place to put a
jackass in ? ' aw axt him. He dud ! Chs.1 Often used metaphorically
for the fire itself. Ah set wi' my knees i' th' ess-hole aw day long ;
Chs.3 Oo's rootin in the esse hole, aw dee. s.Chs.1 To ' root i'
the ess-hole ' is a common expression for staying constantly by the
fire. s.Stf. We roasted tayturs in the ess-hole, PINNOCK Blk. Cy.
Ann. (1895). Stf.2, nw-Der.1, n.Lin.', War. (J.R.W.), w.Wor.1
Shr.1 Common ; Shr.2 Also called the Purgatory. Dor.1
2. An outdoor ash-heap or dust-hole.
Sc. A round excavation in the ground out of doors, into which
the ashes are carried from the hearth (JAM. . n.Yks.1 2 w.Yks.
Leeds Merc. Suppl. 'May 30, 1891). n.Lin.'
ASHIEPATTLE, sb. Sc. Irel. Also written aessie-
pattle S. & Ork.1 ; ashiepelt Irel. [e'si-patl, aji-pelt]
A dirty child, that lounges about the hearth; also applied
to animals. Sometimes used adjectivally. Cf. ashcat.
Sh.I. Still in common use ; applied occasionally as a term of
contempt to any of the young domestic animals, such as pigs,
kittens, &c., which are often found lying at the fireside in a country
house (K.1.1. S. & Ork.1 Sc. (JAM.) n.Ir. Obsol. (M.B.-S.)
Ant. Ashipelt, Ballymena Obs. (1892). Dnb., Dr. Common here,
but seldom heard n. of the Boyne (M.B.-S.).
[Prob. a der. of ash-pit. See Ash, sb.1 2. Cp. G. aschen-
puttel; see GRIMM Myth. 107 (SANDERS).]
ASH-MIDDEN, sb. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Chs. Der. Written ess- Chs. Der. ; ass-, ais- Sc.
[a-s-, e's-midan.] An ash- heap.
Per. (G.W.), N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Dnr.1 Cum. & Wm. Thou's niver
been five mile frae an ass-midden [a comic banter] (M.P.). n.Yks.12,
ne.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks. When t'ship lands on t'ass-midden
[referring to an unlikely contingency], Prov. in Brighouse News (July
23, 1887) ; Fotch a soop up, for we're all three as dry as a ass-
midden, HARTLEY Puddin' (1876) 46; w.Yks.1 He then com ower
t'ass-midden to t'door, ii. 293 ; w.Yks.2 * Lan. Aw'd dee upo' th'
fust hess-middin ut aw coom to, BRIERLEY Layrock (1864) xi ;
n.Lan. I nivver went mair 'an a mile frae me an ass-midden,
PIKETAH Fomess Flk. ( 1870) 34. ne.Lan.1 Chs.1 He'll never get
a mile from a ess-midden, Prov. nw-Der.1
ASH-NOOK, sb. Yks. Written ass- Yks. [a's-niuk.]
1. The space beneath the grate where the ashes fall.
n.Yks.2 w.Yks. A great bahncin ratten [rat] jumpt aht at
asnook, BYWATER Sheffield Dial. (1839) 8 ; Bang went eggs, col-
lops, an' t'plate, reight intut ass nook, Dewsbre Olm. (1866) 14 ;
w.Yks.2 3 s
ASHORE
[81]
ASK
2. The chimney-corner, ' ingle-nook.'
w.Yks. Com' sit in t'assnook wi' me (W.F.) ; He sat hissen
daan i' th' assnook, an' Mally gate him a gill o' hooam brew'd,
HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1887) a ; Common in Wilsden, Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (May 30, 1891).
ASHORE, adv. Wor. Hrf. Glo. Oxf. Wil. Also
ashare Won See Ashard. [ajoa'(r), aja'(r).] Of a
door : ajar, half-open.
Wor. Leave the door a little ashore (H.K.) ; ne.Wor. Ashare
(J.W.P.). Hrf.1, Glo. (A.B.), Glo.1, Oxf.1, Wll.1
[A-, on + shore (a prop).]
ASHOTAY, see Accroshay.
ASH-RIDDLE, sb. Yks. Chs. War. Also ass- Yks. ;
ess- Chs. [a's-, e's-ridl.] A sieve or ' riddle ' (q.v.) for
sifting ashes.
w.Yks. Gaay an' teach thi granny to sup milk aht o' t'ass-riddle,
Prov. in Brighouse News (July 23, 1887) ; Yo wor ta be presented wi
a hass-riddle, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1847) 51. Chs.1,
s.Chs.1, War. (J.R.W.)
Hence Ash-riddling, divination from riddling ashes, on
St. Mark's Eve (April 24).
N.Cy.1 n.Yks.1 On St. Mark's Eve the ashes are riddled on the
hearth, for the superstition still lingers, that if any of the inmates
of the house be going to die within the year, the print of his, or
her, shoe will be found impressed in the soft ashes (cf. Chaff-
riddling) ; n.Yks.2 What has survived of this custom seems more
common in our country-places, where the fire burns on the hearth.
m.Yks.1, w.Yks.1
ASH-TRUG, sb. Cum. Written ass- Cum.1 [a's-trug.]
A wooden scuttle-shaped vessel for carrying coal or
peat.
Cnm. Billy cawd it ' asstrug,' ' SILPHEO ' Billy Brannau (1885) 4 ;
GROSE (1790) ; HOLLOWAY ; Gl. (1851) ; Still in common use
(W.K.); Cum.1
ASHYPET, sb. Sc. Irel. Also written assypet Sc.
1. A child or animal that lounges about the hearth. See
Ashiepattle, Assypod.
Dub.. Dr. A dirty or neglected child would not be called 'ashipet '
unless also lazy and useless. Applied also to dogs and cats, which
lie lazily by the fireside (M.B.-S.).
2. An idle or slatternly woman ; a ' Cinderella,' engaged
in dirty kitchen work. Occas. applied to a man.
Ayr. Nobody to let me in, but an ashypet lassie that helps her
for a servant, Steamboat (1822) 259 (JAM.). Lnl. Easter Whitburn's
assy pets, CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes (1870) 246. Dr. A lazy man
or woman is called 'ashipet' (M.B.-S.).
ASIDE, adv. and prep. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf. Der. Lin. War. Shr. Ken. Sur. [asai'd.]
A. prep.
1. Of place or position : near, by the side of.
Frf. The watchers winna let me in aside them, BARRIE Minister
1 1891) iv._ Per. Ye 'ill just get up aside me, IAN MACLAREN Brier
Hush (1895) 167. Rnf. Maggie, now I'm in aside ye, TANNAHILL
Poems (1807) 'S3- Gall. Climb up there aside the other four,
CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (1895) 214. Nhb. Ye shanna gan aside us,
N. Minstrel (1806-7) pt. iv. 76; Feed thaw lams aside the ship-
ports' sheels, ROBSON Sng. Sol. (1859^1 i. 8 ; Nhb.1 Sit doon
aside us, hinney. Cum. O that down aseyde her my head I could
lay, ANDERSON Ballads (1808) Cocker o' Codbeck ; She met me ya
neeght aside Pards'aw Lea yatt, GILPIN Ballads, 3rd S. (ed. 1874)
72 ; Cum.1 Parton aside Whitten ; Cum.8 Oald Aberram lies
a fine heap or two leggan aside Kirgat, 9. n.Yks. Feed thah kids
aside the shepherds' booths, Whitby Sng. Sol. (iS6o) i. 8; Just
think what things thou promist mail Asahd t'awd willow tree,
TWEDDEI.L Clevel. Rhymes (1^5 } 30; n.Yks.2 e.Yks.1 Ah'll sit
aside Tom. Greenwich's aside Lunnan, MS. add. iT.H.) Stf.1,
nw.Der.1, n.Lin.1, War.2 Ken.1 1 stood aside him all the time. Sur.1
2. Infig. sense: beside oneself, distracted.
ne.Lan. And he's aside liissel, cose yo've cracked up his playin,
MATHER Idylls (1895) 48.
3. Compared with.
Frf. Adam was an erring man, but aside Eve he was respectable,
BARRIE Minister (1891) x. Per. Naething tac speak of aside you,
Kirsty, IAN MACLAREN Auld LangSync (1895) 127.
B. adv.
1. In addition, moreover, besides. Aside o', in addition to.
w.Yks. You'll be wondrous cunning if you get any aside, BURN-
LEY Skcltlies( 1875 131. Lan. She knowcdawthc boiblc through,
VOL. I.
asid o' th' hymn-book, BURNETT Haworths (1887) vi. Shr.1 Poor
young 66man, 'er's got the pipus [typhus] faiver— the fluency
[influenza], an' 'afe a dozen plaints aside. Ken.2 Very common at
Canterbury.
2. Aside of, on the side of, beside.
Cum.3 Aside o' t'wide stair heead, 98. w.Yks. Paster thay
kids asaide o' t'shepherds' tents, LITTLEDALE Craven Sng. Sol.
(1859)1.8; Shoofotched me a dander aside o' t'earhoyle, HARTLEY
Clock Aim. (1874) 42 ; Two chaps used to work aside o' me, ib.
(1879) 19 ; w.Yks.5 Cloise aside on't. Lan. I wur tan aside o' th'
yed wi' a sod, Rossendel Beef-neet, 12 ; Thou sid aside at t'Park
wood yett, HARLAND & WILKINSON Fit-Lore (1867) 60 ; Lan.1
Eawr Mally stood aside on me while th' rushcart were gooin' by ;
in. Lan.1 A jerryshop aside o' wheer aw live (s.v. Alicker). s.Chs.1
Sit thee dai'n aside o' me. Stf. She sat doun a-side of the daughter,
Flk-Lore Jrn. (1884) II. 41 ; Stf.2 'E fatched im a bat aside o' is yed
as med is yed stng.
[A, oh + side.]
ASIDEN, prep, and adv. Nhb. Yks. Nhp. War. Shr.
Hrf. Also, by aphaeresis, siden. [asardan.]
1. prep. Beside, near.
Nhb.1 She wis sittin' asiden him. e.Yks.1 Ah've sitten asiden
him monny a tahm (only used in a past sense), MS. add. (T.H.)
m.Yks.1
2. adv. On one side, awry.
Nhp.1 Often used without the prefix. How siden your bonnet is.
War. (J.R.W.) ; War.2 That post's set asiden ; War.3 That gate
has been hung all asiden. Shr.1 Common. Yo' hanna put yore
shawl on straight, the cornels bin all asiden ; Shr.2 All asiden
like Martha Rhoden's two-penny dish. Hrf.1 [All asiding, as hogs
fighting, RAY Prov. (1678) 49, ed. 1860.]
[Repr. the phr. a side on, on the side of, by the
side of.]
ASIDES, prep. phr. and adv. Yks. War. Sur. [asai'dz.]
1. prep. phr. Of place : beside, near.
m.Yks.1 Aside has commonly 5 added. w.Yks.5 Aside's o'
t'church. Whear's tuh live nah like ? — Haw, aside's o' ar Tom.
2. In addition to, moreover, beside.
w.Yks.5 Whoa went asides him ? Ther's forty aside's that.
War.3 I arns three shillin' a wik [week] asides my vittles.
3. adv. Moreover, in addition.
Sur. A lot more as I knows on as gave a goodish bit asides,
BICKLEY Sur. Hills (1890) III. vi.
[ME. asides, only in the sense of ' aside, on one side,'
see WYCLIF (1388) Mark vii. 33. Der. of aside with advl.
suff. in -5.]
ASIDING, see Asiden.
ASIL-TOOTH, see Axle-tooth.
ASING, sec Easing.
ASK.sA.1 Sc. Irel. n.Cy. to Chs. and n.Lin. Also
written esk N.Cy.1 Cum. w.Yks. ne.Lan.1 ; aisk n.Yks.2
e.Yks. m.Yks.1 [esk, ask.] A newt ; a lizard. See Asker.
Sc. He brought home horse-leeches, asks, young rats, SMILES
Sc.Natur. (1879)1; It seems to be a general idea among the vulgar,
that what we call the ask is the asp of Scripture. . . This has probably
contributed to the received opinion of the newt being venomous
'JAM.). Gall. The yallow-wymed ask, HARPER Bards (1889) ao6.
Crl. (P.J.M.) N.Cy.1 Ask, Esk, a water-newt, believed by many
erroneously to be venomous. Nhb. The pert little eskis they curlit
their tails, RICHARDSON Borderer's Table-bk. (1846) VII. 142:
Dry asks and tyeds she churish'd, ROBSON Sngs. of Tyne( 1849) 148 ;
Nhb.1 The newt is usually called a waiter ask, as distinguished from
a dry ask. Dur.1 Cum. (J.Ar.) ; Cum.1 Wm. There's an ask in
the pond (B.K.) ; Wm.1 More frequently called a wattcr-ask.
n.Yks.123 ne.Yks.1 In common use. e.Yks. MARSHALL Kin:
Emit. ' j 788 . m.Yks.1 w.Yks. LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 18821
231 ; WILLAN List Wds. ( 181 1 ). n.Lan. A fand o wator-ask i' dhat
dub. ne.Lan.1, Chs.123 n.Lin.1 1 was once tanged wi' an ask
among the brackens e' Brumby Wood.
[Tassot, a newt or ask, COTGR. ; Magrdsio, an eft, an
nute, an aske, FLORIO (1611). OE. affexe, lizard; cp. G.
eidechse.}
ASK, sb? Sh.I. Also written aisk (JAM. Suppl.).
Drizzle, fog.
Sh. I. A haze or unclear state of the atmosphere generally
preceding bad weather ; we speak of there being ' an ask up da
sky' when ithas clouded over and looks unsettled (K.I.\ S.ftOrk.1
Sh. &Or.I. Small particles of dust, or snow 'JAM. Su/>pl. .
M
ASK
[82]
ASKLENT
ASK, sb.3 Sc. (JAM.) The stake to which a cow is
bound by a rope or chain, in the cow-house.
Cai. [Not known to our correspondents.]
[Prob. a spec, use of ON. askr, an ash, also applied to
many things made of ash ; see VIGFUSSON.]
ASK, sb* Sh. and Or. I. Also written aisk. A wooden
vessel or dish.
Sh.I. Used for carrying butter, milk, eggs, &c. It has a lid and two
small projecting bits of wood below the rim to serve for handles
(K.I.). Sh. &Or.I. (JAM. Suppl.)
[ON. askr, a small vessel made of ash-wood.]
ASK, v.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also in the
forms ax, ex, see Ax. [as, aks, aks.]
1. To publish the banns of marriage ; to be asked at, in, or
to church, to have one's banns published.
Abd., Lth. Also called ' cry ' (JAM.). Nhb.1, Dur.1 Cum.1 To be
ax't at church is also called ' Hung in t'bell reapp,' ' Cry't i' the
kirk.' Wm.1 Axt [older form Ext] at church. n-Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2
Ask'd at church. m.Yks.', w.Yks.1 w.Yks.s Thuh wur ast at
church last Sunday. Chs.1 s.Chs.1 Han they bin as't i' church
yet? (Ax is less common.') Stf.2 Owd Dick Taylor's lad and
Martha Jones wun axed i' church. n.Lin.1, sw.Lin.1, Lei.1 Nhp.1
Being axt to church. War.2, s.Wor. (F.W.M.W.) Brks.1 Thaay
was asted at church laast Zunday. e.An.1 I.W.2 Bob Gubbins
and Poll Trot was axed in Atherton Church last Zunday. Wll.
We'll be ax'd in church a Zunday week, SLOW Rhymes (1889)
Zammy an Zusan. w.Sotn.1 Her's gwain to be a-ax next Zunday.
nw.Dev.1 Cor.2 T'es most time for'ee to have me axed, MS. add.
Colloq. They were asked in church the Sunday following, MARRYAT
Frank Mildmay (1829) xxii.
2. Hence, to be asked out, asked up, out-asked, to have the
banns published for the last time.
Dur.1 Cum. I reckon some one that's here is nigh ax't oot by auld
Nick in the kirk of the nether world, CAINE Shad. Crime (1885^
33. Wra.1 Wiah, thoo'I be ext oot a Sunday. n-Yks.1, ne.Yks.1
Ax'd oot. e.Yks.1 Tom and Bess was ax'd up at chetch o' Sunday.
w.Yks.1 2 Ax'd out. Chs.1 They were axed out last Sunday. Not.1
Out-asked. n.Lin.1 Theare's many a lass hes been axed-up ... 'at
niver's gotten a husband. sw.Lin.1 To be asked up, or asked out.
Lei.1, Nhp.1, War. (J.R.W.) Shr.1 To be axed up. e.An.iAxt-
out, or Out-axt. Sus., Hmp., Ken. On the third time of publication,
the couple is said to be out-asked, HOLLOWAY. w.Som.1 Dhai wuz
aakst aewt laa's Ziin'dee [they were axed out last Sunday]. Cor.
I be axed out ! keep compa^' ! Get thee to doors, thee noodle,
J. TRENOODLE Spec. Dial. (1846) 41 ; Cor.12
3. Phr. (i) to ask at, ask of (on), to ask ; (2) to ask out,
to cry off, be excused ; (3) ask up, to speak out.
(i) Sc. I asked at him, Monthly Mag. (1798) II. 435 ; Ask at the
footman, MACKIE Scotic. (1881) 14 ; Very common idiom (G.W.X
Stf.1 s.Hmp. He'd do anything you asted o' him, VERNEY L. Lisle
(1870) xvii. (2) w.Yks. Willn't ya come?— No, I'll ax aht <J.R.~);
(3) Stf.1
[1. The phr. ' to ask the banns ' is found in ME. : Aske
the banns thre halydawes. Then lete hem come and wytnes
brynge To stonde by at here weddynge, MYRC/«S/. (1450)
203. 3. Heo aschede at Corineus now heo so hard! were,
R. Glouc. (1297) 16.]
ASK, v? Sh. and Or.I. Also written aisk QAM.) ;
esk. To rain slightly, drizzle.
Or. I. (S.A.S.) Sh. & Or.I. (JAM. Suppl.
ASKER, si.1 Yks. Lan. Chs. Dnb. Stf. Der. Nhp
Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Dor. Also asgal Shr.2 Glo.1 ; askard
w.Yks.15; askelHrf.1; askern w.Yks. [a'ske(r); a-skad,
e-skad ; se'zgl, arskl.] A newt, lizard. See Ask, sb.1
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.2 w.Yks. Feyther were liggin' by
t pond fest asleap, an' one o' them offal askards crep in at 'is ear
(W.F.^ ; An' lile bonny askerds wad squirt amang fling, BLACKAH
Poems (i 867^ 38; Dryaskerd,alandlizard. Watteraskerd.anewt,
Yks. N. & Q. (1888) II. 14 ; w.Yks.2 In Rivelin valley are three
kinds of askers : the running asker, the water asker, and the flying
asker, which is thesmallest ; w.Yks.^'s Lan.1 He went a-fishin'
an cowt nowt nobbut askerds. ne.Lan.1, e.Lan.1, Chs.12 s Chs i
Ihis plcm s as rotten as an owd asker. Dnb. Askol (E.F.). Stf.
(K.) ; Stf.1 ; Stf.2 Used only in the expression, ' Its kaud anuf for
..Der,' 4,.nw'Der-1. NhP-1 s.Wor. Nazgall, or
starv askarz tad!.'
s'posed ; Shr.2 Shr. & Hrf. Asgal, or Ascal, BOUND Prov. (1876).
Hrf.1 ; Hrf.2 Askal, a water animal, a kind of newt with rough hair
like fimbriae [?]. Glo. Both forms, asker and asgal, are known
i^W.H.C.) ; Glo.1, Dor.1
[Asker, a newt, KERSEY ; Asker, a sort of newt, or eft,
Salamandria aquatica, BAILEY (1755). Der. of ask, sb.1,
with suff. of uncertain origin.]
ASKER, sb? Som. Slang. Euphemistic name for a
beggar.
w.Som.1 A respectable servant-girl in reply to her mistress, who
had inquired what the girl's young man did for his living, said :
Please-m he's a-asker, and tis a very good trade indeed-m. Slang.
The ' askers ' selling their begged bread at three halfpence the
pound, READEAutob. Thief (1858) 37.
[Elles he wolde of the asker delivered be, R. Rose, 6674.
Ask, vb. + -er.]
ASKEW, adv. Ess. Som. Cor. [askG-.]
1. Of the legs: extended awkwardly, wide apart.
Som. (H.G.); (G.S.)
2. Crosswise, diagonally.
Ess. To plough a field askew is to make furrows obliquely to
the cross-ploughing (H. H.M.).
3. To go askew, to be troublesome, do wrong actions.
Cf. to gang agley.
Cor. Likewise a thong to thock thee, ef Thee d'st ever go
askew, FORFAR Poems (1885) 7 ; Cor.3 A local preacher exhorted
his audience not to go askew even if their aims were good. In
fairly common use.
[A-, on + skew, q.v.]
ASKEW, prep. Obs.l Ess. Across.
Ess. I seigh him a-coming askew the mead, A rchaeol. Soc. Trans.
(1863) II. 181. [Not known to our correspondents.]
ASKING(S, sb. In gen. dial, and colloq. use. Not in
gloss, of Som. Dev. Cor. Also in the forms axingls Cum.
Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Shr. I.W. Dor.; exing
Cum. [a'skinz, a'ksinz, e'ksinz.] The publication of
banns of marriage. Usually in pi.
Cum. Axin' (or Exin') at church (M.P.). Wm. She mud gaa
awae et yancc an hae t'exins put up et kirk, Spec. Dial. (1880) pt
ii. 20. n.Yks.2 In some of our moorland churches, after the asking,
the clerk was wont to respond with a hearty ' God speed them
weel.' e.Yks.1 They'r boon te be wed at last ; they'v put up axins.
m.Yks.1 He's agate o' reading t'askings. w.Yks. Wether they
wer struck wi t'assin ... ah dooant naw, bud ah naw this — they
leak'd hard at me, Nidderdill Olm. (1870) ; T'day wor fixed an
t'axins put in, an t' parson spliced them reight off, Yksman. Comic
Ann. (1878) 17 ; Will ye gang on wi' t'axins, an' wed our Marget?
DIXON Craven Dales (1881) 399 ; w.Yks.1 Also called Spurrings.
Lan. I put th' axins up about a fortnit sin, WAUGH Chinm. Corner
(1874) 20 ; I ha no' yerd o' th' axins bein' co'ed o'er, BRIERLEY Cast
upon World (1886) 213 ; Lan.1 Well, thae'rt for bein' wed at th'
lung length ; aw yer thae's getten th' axins in. e.Lan.1 m.Lan.1
When aw put th' axins up, me an' th' lass as were mixt up i' th'
job stopt away fro' th' church for three Sundays just abeawt thad
time. Chs.1 ; Chs.3 Oo had the axings put up ; s.Chs.1 Stf.1 ; Stf.2
Tummas is goin' get married nex' month ; he's put th' axins in.
Der.2, nw.Der.1 n.Lin.1 Did ta hear Bessie's askin's last Sunda' ?
Lei.1, Nhp.1, War.23 Shr.1 They ad'n thar axins put up i' church
o' Whi'sun Sunday. Sur. Fee preferred being married by 'asking,'
as the good Surrey folk call it, BICKLEY Sur. Hills (1890) III. xvi.
Sus. An occasional interest is given to the ceremony of asking
by the forbidding of the banns, EGERTON Flks. and Ways (1884) 93.
I.W.1, Dor.1
[The publication of banns (popularly called 'asking in
the church') was intended as an expedient to prevent
clandestine marriages, CHAMBERS Cycl. (s.v. Banns).]
ASKLENT, adv. and prep. Sc. Irel. Nhb. [askle-nt.]
1. adv. Aslant, on one side, obliquely.
Sc. Frae bush to bush asklent the bank he scours, DAVIDSON
Seasons (1789) 26 ; Read what they can in fate's dark print, And
let them never look asklint On what they see, GALLOWAY Poems
(1788) 102. Ayr. Maggie coost her head fu' high, Look'd asklent
and unco skeigh, BURNS Duncan Gray (1792). Rxb. The hames
that sent the reek asclent, RIDDELL Poet. Wks. (ed. 1871) I. 144.
n.Ir. Ballymena Obs. (1892). Nhb. [Of a ladder resting end up
against a wall] Ye he'd ower straight up ; set it a bit mair asklent.
[Of a high chimney] It'll be doon if it's not seen tee ; it's lyin mair
an' mair asklent (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.1
ASLASH
[83]
ASSIDUE
Applied to action or conduct : dishonourably, not
' straight.' Cp. agley.
Ayr. Sin' thou came to tlie warl asklent, BURNS Poet's Welcome
(1784)-
3. prep. Across.
Sc. An' ilk ane brought their blads asclent her, A. SCOTT Poems
(1808) 45.
[A-, on + sklent, q.v.]
ASLASH, adv. Yks. Lin. Not. Lei. War. Also written
aslosh n.Lin.1 Lei.1 War. [asla'J, aslo'J".]
1. Awry ; obliquely. See Slosh.
n.Lin.1 Ther's a foot-pad runs aslosh toward a steel ther' is e'
th' plantin'. He'd getten his hat on aslosh.
2. On one side, out of the way.
w.Yks.2 Come stan' aslash. Not. (J.H.B.) Lei.1 Stan' aslosh,
wool ye ! War.3
ASLAT, ppl. adj. Dev. [aslae't.] Of an earthen vessel,
piece of furniture, &c. : cracked, split. See Slat, v.
Dev. GROSE (1790) ; Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 422 ; HOLLOWAY.
n.Dev.Yer, [IJeetle Bobby's plate's aslat, ROCK Jim an' Nell ( 1867) 7.
Dev.3 Thickee plate's aslat. Dawntee zit 'pon thickee form, 'e's
aslat.
[A-(pref.*)+slat, q.v.]
ASLAT, see Harslet.
ASLEEP, adv. e.An. Naut. [aslrp.]
e.An.1 Sails are asleep when steadily filled with wind. Suf.
Used of sails in a calm (F.H.). Naut. The sail filled with wind
just enough for swelling or bellying out— as contrasted with its
flapping, SMYTH Sailors' Wd-bk. (1867).
ASLEN, adv. Som. Dev. Also written aslun Som.
[asle'n, asla'n.] Slantwise, diagonally, ' out of the
straight.'
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873) ;
w.Som.1 Au'kurd vee-ul vur tu pluwee een ; aay shud wuurk-n
rai't usliin- [awkward field to plough in ; I should work it right
across diagonally]. Thick post is all aslen [not upright]. Dev.1
[A-. on + slen (adj.), q.v.]
Cum. Yks. La. Not. Sus. Som.
Also
ASLEW, adv.
written aslue e.Lan.1 Som. [ashr, aslur.j
1. Aslant, obliquely, awry.
e.Yks.1 n.Lan. Thoo munnet mak it aslew (W.H. H.). e.Lan.1
Not.2 He's ploughing aslew. Sus. HOLLOWAY; Sus.12 Som. W. &J.
Gl. (1873).
2. Amiss, out of course.
Cum. There's nowt so far aslew, Bobbie, but good manishment
may set it straight, CAINE Shad. Crime (1885) 19 ; Cum.3 There's
nowte sa far aslew, but gud manishment med set it streight, Prov.
An' t'Clay-Dubs isn't far aslew when t'wedder isn't wet, 47.
3. Tipsy.
e.Yks.1
[A-, on + slew (vb.), q.v.]
ASLEY, sb. Sh.I. Used only in phr.
Sh.I. (KA. ) S. & Ork. l Horses in asley, horses belonging to
different persons, bound firm one to another.
ASLEY, see Lief.
ASOL, see Hazzle, v.
ASOON, adv. Dev. Obsol. Written azoon. Anon,
presently.
n.Dev. [Used in] Exmore, GROSE (1790) ; Fegs, they'll be yer
azoon, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) 3 ; Certainly not in common use
(R.P.C.).
[A- (pref.10) + soon.]
ASOOND, adv. Sh.I. [asu'nd.] In a fainting fit.
Sh.I. In very common use (K.I.). S. & Ork.1 He fell dead
asoond.
[This word is due to a mixture of two forms — of asivoon
(ME. on swoune), and swooned (ME. yswowned, CHAUCER),
pp. of swoon, vb.]
ASOSH, see Aswash.
ASP, sb. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Chs. War. Wor. Hrf.
Wil. Also written esp N.I.1 Nhb.1 Cum. w.Yks.14 [asp,
esp.]
1. The common aspen, Populus tremula. See Aps.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Cum. Thur lass noo began teh shadder and trim-
mel like esp leaves, SARGISSON Joe Scoap (1881) 20; Cum.1 He
trimmel't like an esp leaf. w.Yks.1 4, Chs.1 ; Chs.3 Shaking like
a asp. War. (J.R W.) se.Wor.1, Hrf.1 Wil. Woodmen always
call the aspen the ' asp,' JEFFERIES Gl. Estate (1880) 16.
2. Comb. Quaking esp, Populus tremula.
N.I.1
[Asp or aspen-tree, KERSEY ; Populus tremula ... in
English aspe and aspen tree, GERARDE (ed. 1633) 1488;
Tremble, an asp or aspen tree, COTGR. ; An espe, trettiulus,
Catli, Angl. OE. eespe.]
ASPAIT, adv. Sc. [aspe-t.] Of a river : in flood.
Sc. Commonly used of a river or burn (J.W.M.). Cld. I' the
mirk in a stound, wi' rairan' sound, Aspait the river ran, Mar-
maiden of Clyde in Blackw. Mag. (May, 1820) (JAM.).
[A-, on + spait or spate, q.v.]
ASPAR, adv. Cum. [aspa-r.] Stretched out, wide
apart.
Cum. When a man puts himself in fighting attitude, with legs
and arms spread out, he stands aspar (J.P.) ; Cum.1 He set his
feet aspar.
[A-, on + spar (to box), q.v.]
ASPARAGUS, sb. Comb. Bath, French, Prussian,
Wild asparagus, the young flower-scapes of Ornithogalum
pyrenaicMtn (Som.) ; Foxtailed asparagus, Eqiiisetum
maximum (Glo.).
Som. Bath asparagus, tied up in bundles, and sold in Bath market.
ASPEN, sb. Hit. Populus alba.
The name is generally applied elsewhere only to Populus
tremula.
ASPERSEAND, sb. Irel. A term of abuse : a wretch.
w.Ir. The ould dhrunken asperseand, as she is, LOVER Leg.
(1848) I. 198.
ASPLEW, adv. ? Obs. Som. Of the legs : extended
awkwardly, wide apart.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). [Unknown to all our correspondents.]
ASPODE, adv. n.Yks. Of the legs: wide apart,
stretched out.
n.Cy. Aspaud (HALL.). n.Yks. He stood with his legs aspodc
(I.W.).
ASPOLE, adv. Cum. Of the legs : wide asunder.
Cum.1 [Not known to our correspondents.]
ASPRAWL, adv. Brks. Ken. Hmp. [aspr^'l, aspra-1.]
1. Headlong, sprawling.
Brks.1 Falling down with legs and arms helplessly extended on
the ground is said to be ' vallin' all aspraal.' Ken. The horse fell
down and we were pitched all asprawl on to the road (P.M.).
Hmp.1 He fell all asprawl.
2. In confusion, gone wrong.
Ken.1 The pig-trade's all asprawl now.
[A-, on -f sprawl, vb.]
ASPROUS, adj. Lei. War. [a-spras.] Of the weather :
raw, inclement.
Lei.1 It's a very asprous dee. War.3
[Fr. aspre, sharp, harsh, rough (CoxGR.) + -ous.}
ASQUAT, adv. Lan. War. Dor. [askwo't.] In a
squatting posture, squatting.
ne.Lan.1, War. (J.R.W.) Dor.1 A gay-tongued lot of hay-
miakers be all a-squot, 122.
[A-, on + squat, vb.]
ASQUIN, see Aswint.
ASS, see Ash.
ASSAL, see Axle.
ASS'ARD, see Arseward.
ASSEGAR, see Assinego.
ASSEL-TOOTH, see Axle-tooth.
ASS(EN-HEAD, sb. Yks. [a-s-iad.] A blockhead.
e.Yks.1 Assen-heead, MS. add. (T.H.)
ASSHEFLAY, see Accroshay.
ASSIDUE, sb. w.Yks. [a-sidiu.]
1. Thin brass tinsel of a bright gold colour ; a kind of
Dutch metal.
w.Yks. [At the Scotland feast (May 29) in Sheffield] garlands
are composed of hoops, . . . with foliage and flowers, . . . ribands,
rustling with asidew, HONE Evety-day Bk. (1827) II. 1262 ; A thin
knife-blade is said to be as thin as assigew [sic] (S.O.A.) ; w.Yks.2
Mummers at Christmas, not being able to afford gold leaf, decked
their bright and coloured garments with the thin metallic leaf.
People speak of ' working for assidue ' as equivalent to working
for nothing. Also contemptuously, ' as thin as assidue ' ; w.Yks.4
M 2
ASSILAG
[84]
ASTON IED
2. Copperas water used for blacking the edges of boots.
w Yks 2
fAre you pufft up with the pride of your wares .'your
arsedine, B. JONSON Earth, fair, n i (NARES). Etym.
and even the orig. form unknown. The word is spelt in
various ways in lit. E. : arsowde, orsidtie, orsady; see
N ASSILAG, rfb. "'sc. The Storm Petrel, Procellaria
so called in the Hebrides, SWAINSON Birds (1885) 21 1 ; (JAM.)
ASSIL-TOOTH, see Axle-tooth.
ASSINEGO, sb. Obsol. Dev. Cor. Also in the forms
assneger Dev. Cor.12 ; asnegar Dev. ; assegar Dev.1
Dev^osses and marcs, assnegers, moylcs, PETER PINDAR Royal
Vis. (1795) St. 4 ; GROSE (1790) MS. add. ,'C.) n.Dev. My ould
asneger'll doo vor put Into a little gurry-butt. KOCK Jim an Nell
11867) st 74- Dev.1 Polwhcle (Hist. Dev.} says that the common
appellation of [the ass] is assegar, but I have never heard this
term. Cor. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
2. A fool, simpleton.
Cor A term of reproach, not much in use, is ' Thee arc an as-
sineger' ( W.S.) ; Cor.1 Do 'ee be quiet, thee assneger ; Cor.2
fl We jogged leisurely on upon our mules and
asinegoes, HERBERT Trav. (1634) 127 (N.E.D.). 2. All
this would be forsworn, and I again an asinego, B. & I-L.
Scornf. Lady (NARES); An assmego (ed. 1606, asinico)
may tutor thee, SHAKS. Tr. 6* Cr. n. i. 49- Sp. asnico,
a little asse, MINSHEU.]
ASSLE, see Axle.
ASSOILYIE, v. Sc. Also written assoilzie, see
below. To acquit, free from a charge (in law courts) ; to
absolve.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; (JAM).; The defender was
assoilzied, SCOTT Waverley (1814) xlviii; 'God assoilzie her!'
ejaculated old Elspeth, 'she was a hard-hearted woman,' ib.
Antiquary (1816) xxvi.
[ME. assoilen, to absolve. I yow assoile, by myn heigh
power, CHAUCER C. T. c. 913. AFr. assoiler ; cp. que Dieu
assoillef ( = Lat. quern Dens absolvat.'), a prayer for the
departed.]
ASSOL, sb. Irel. [a-sl.] An ass.
Ir. Guiding and whipping the poor assol, KENNEDY Fireside
Stones (1870) 93. w. & s.Ir. Occas. heard (J.S.).
[Ir. asal, an ass.]
ASSUD, see Arseward.
ASSYPOD, sb. Sc. Nhb. [a'si-pod.] A dirty,
slatternly woman. See Ashypet, Ashiepattle, 2.
Bwk. The assy pods o' Blackhill, Will neithur sing nor pray,
HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 38. Nhb. Get away wi" ye ! yor
nowt but an assipod (G.H.T.).
[Assy for ashy, adj. der. of ash, ashes +pod (a person of
small stature), q.v.]
ASSYTH, v. Sc. Also written assyith, syith, sithe
(JAM.). [asi')>.] To make a compensation, to satisfy. A
legal term.
Sc. Still used in courts of law (JAM.).
Hence Assythement, sb. compensation, satisfaction,
atonement for an offence. A legal term.
Sc. The blood-wit was made up to your ain satisfaction by assythe-
ment, SCOTT Waverley (1814) xlviii.
[From ME. asith, satisfaction, compensation. Whom I
begylyd to him I will Make a-sith agayne, York Plays,
215. This is the n. form of aseth. Hit sufficith nat for
a-seth, P. Plowman (c.) xx. 203. OFr. aset'm the phr./ere
aset, ' satisfacere.']
ASTEAD, adv. n.Cy. to Yks. and Chs. ; also Stf. Sur.
Also written isteed Nhb.1 ; asteead Wm. n.Yks. e.Yks.1
w.Yks.; asteed w.Yks. ; astid s.Chs.1 Stf.2 [astrd,
sstia'd.] Instead.
Nhb.1 Dur. Asteed o' putt'n' 'er i' Kitty, EGGLESTONE Betty
Podkins' Let. (1877) 8. Cum. Astead o shuttan snipes, DICKINSON
Lamplugh (1856) 8 ; Cut intull me finger astead ev t'taty, Willy
Wattle (1870) 7 ; Cum.3 Asteed of Amen, I say, ' m'appen I may,'
38. Wm. An waare ote [all the] bit a brass thae hev for im asteead
a gittin t'pooar wife an t'baarns summut tu it, CLARKE Spec. Dial.
(1868) pt, iii. 31. n.Yks. Asteead o' bein' thenkfull, TWEDDELL
Clevtl Rhymes (1875; 36; Astead °' ScttinS awaJ'- Broaii Yks-
'i88si ^ eYks.' w.Yks. He thowt fdicky wor to be used
asteed of a 'shirt. CUDWORTH Dial, and Sketches .1884} 28;
'a bin all reel, a stead o' bein creackt, '
New Year (1888) 10. Chs.1, s.Chs.1 s.Stf. I axed him to let the
rent stond but astid o' that he put the bums in, PINNOCK Blk. Cy.
Ann (1895) Stf.2 Mother went, astid o mC. Sur. 1 canna give
vou a present, but I'd loike 'ee to taike this ride astead, BICKLEV
S«r. Hills (1890) III. iv ; Only used by old people ,T.T.C.X
[A-, an + stead (OE. stede, place). ME. on stede. And
he toe him on sunes stede, Gen. &•* Ex. 2637.]
ASTEEP, adv. Sc. [asti'p.] To lay, set the brain
asleep, to ponder, revolve in the mind, make a mental
effort.
Sc. I daresay you couldn't guess, though you set your brains
asteep, SETOUN Sunshine (1895) 272 ; In common use. I'll lay mi-
brains asleep ower it (J.W.M.). Lnk. I dinna wonder at them
layin' their brains asleep to fin' oot, FRASER Whaups fiSgs) xiii.
[Laying it asleep in ... quickening meditation, RANEW
in SPURGEON Treas. Day. (1672) xxxix. 3 (N.E.D.). A-,
on + steep (to soak in a liquid).]
ASTEER, adv. Obsol. Sc. Yks. Moving about,
active, bustling.
Sc. Ye're air asteer the day (JAM.) ; My minny she's a scalding
wife, Hads a' the house asteer, RITSON Sngs. (1794) I. 45 (JAM.) ;
Ere Martinmas drear set the Factor asteer, THOM Rhymes (1844)
107; The haill Hielands are asteer, SCOTT Leg. Mont. (1830) vi. Ayr.
Wha was it but Grumphie Asteer that night ! BURNS Halloween
(1785). w.Yks.1 Country foak war au asteer, ii. 359.
[A-, on + steer (stir, commotion). ME. on steir. That
lord and othir var on steir (were astir), HARBOUR Bruce
xix. 577.]
ASTEL, sb. Cor. Also written astull, astyllen.
[aste-1.]
1. A board or plank, an arch or ceiling of boards, over
the men's heads in a mine, to protect them (WEALE).
Cor.2
2. A ridge or dam to stop a stream in a mine, or to bank
off ore from rubbish at the mouth ; a wall underground,
to prevent the giving way of the ' deeds,' q.v.
Cor.2 MS. add.
[Astelle, a schyyd, Teda, as/ula, Prompt. OFr. astelle,
der. of aste, a stick, a splint, Lat. hasta.]
ASTHORE, phr. Irel. A term of endearment : my
treasure !
Ir. Don't ye rest aisy, Michael asthore ? Spectator (Oct. 26, 1889) ;
Molly asthore, I'll meel you agin to-morra, TENNYSON To-morrow
(1885). Wxf. Shut your eyes, asthore, and go sleep, KENNEDY Even.
Duffrey (1869) 49.
[An Ir. phr. A- (sign ol the voc.)-f-s/o>, store,
treasure. Cp. ME. stoor, OFr. estor.]
ASTITE, adv. phr. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Also
written asty N.Cy.1 ; astit w.Yks.1 ne.Lan.1 [ss-stai't.]
Of preference or comparison : as soon, rather.
Ayr., Lnk., Dmf. I would astit rin the kintry [would rather
banish myself]. Astit better (JAM.). n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.12
Nhb.1 Aa wad astile slop where aa is. Ye'd astite gan wiv us.
Dur.1 n.Yks.2 I'd as tite nut gan. w.Yks. THORESSV Lett. (1703) ;
WRIGHT Gram. Wndhll. (1892) 50; Common in Wilsden, Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (May 30, 1891) ; w.Yks.1 Ye mud astile at yunce—
hev eshed for our laithe, ii. 293 ; w.Yks.4 Lan.1 1 can go aslile as
him. ne.Lan.1 [Aslide (K.).]
[Astite, as soon, anon, COLES (1677). ME. Antenor
alstite amet to speike, Dest. Troy, 11693. As + tite
(quickly), q.v. The phr. means lit. ' as quickly as possible.']
ASTLEY, see Lief.
ASTOGGED, see Stog.
ASTONIED, ppl. adj. Nhb. Nhp. Obsol. Astonished,
in consternation.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. Still in use, but rare (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.1, Nhp.1
[And anoon al the puple seynge Jhesu, was astonyed,
WYCLIF (1388) Mark ix. 14; For so astonied am I that I
deye ! CHAUCER Tr. &• Cr. n. 427. OFr. estoner (mod.
e'tonner), to astonish.]
ASTOOP
[85]
AT
ASTOOP, adv. Wm. Yks. [astirp.] Of an aged
person : bent, stooping.
Wm. (B.K.) n.Yks. Old John gans sair astoop (I.W.). n.Yks.2
e. Yks. Awd man gets ti gan varry mitch astoop, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp.
(1889) 89. e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks. He gooas varry
mich astoop (B.K.).
[A-, on + stoop.]
ASTORE, adv. Brks. I.W. Wil. Also written astoor
Brks.1; astour I.W.1 [astuaf(r).] Speedily, shortly,
very quickly.
Brks.1 I.W. The duck's [dusk] coming on ; I'll be off in astore,
MONCRIEFF Dream in Gent. Mag. (18631; I.W.1 Wil.1 An ex-
iletive. She's gone into the street astore.
[A-, on + store (quantity).]
ASTOUND, ppl. adj. Chs. War. Astonished.
Chs.12, War. (J.R.W.)
[With staring countenance sterne as one astownd,
SPENSER F. Q. i. viii. 5 ; Ase a mesel ther he lay Astouned
in spote and blode, SHOREHAM, 88 (MATZNER). ME.
astounien (astunien), OFr. estoner, see Astonied. |
ASTRADDLE, adv. Sc. Cum. Yks. Lan. Lei. War.
Oxf. Brks. Hmp. Som. Also written astroddle War.
Lei.1 Oxf. Som. ; astraddle Cum. [astra'dl.] Astride ;
with legs wide apart.
Fif. Astraddle on their proud steeds full of fire, TENNANT Attsier
(1812) 32, ed. 1871. Ayr. The tongs were placed astraddle in
front of the grate, GALT Entail (1823) xxvi. Cum. We pot t'winn-
lass astruddle eh t'wholl, SARGISSON Joe Scoap (1881) 224. w.Yks.
That young lad wot thah seed jump into't sea, an get astraddle on
a piece a powl, Shevvild Ann. (1849) 5. ne.Lan.1. Lei.1, War.
(J.R.W.), War.3, Oxf.1 MS. add., Brks.1 Hmp. Astraddle a harse
( H.C.M.B.). Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; Agian my feavorite hobby
I'm gwain to mount a straddle on, ' AGRIKLER' Rhymes (1872) 10.
w.Som.1 Neef aay diid-n 2ee ur ruydeen dh-oal au's aup ustrad'l,
sae'um-z u guurt bwuuy [if I did not see her riding the old horse
up astride, like a great boy].
[Astraddle, Varicitus, COLES (1679). A-, on + straddle, q.v.]
ASTRE, sb. Obsol. n.Cy. Der. Stf. Lei. Shr. Ken.
Also written aster nw.Der.1 ; aister nw.Der.1 Shr.1 ;
aistre Stf. ; easter n.Cy. ; ester Lei. The back of a
chimney or grate. See Back-aister.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790); (P.R.) ; N.Cy.2, nw.Der.1, Stf.1 ; Stf.2
S bro(> blobard S3 fast Sis mornin Sat S'seistor's 5 squatid wi
gris. Lei.1 My hay was over-heated, and is as black as the ester.
Shr.1 Wy look 'ow y'on collowed yore face ! as if yo'd newly
comen down the chimley and kissed the aister. ' As black as the
aister ' is a phrase employed to express any sooty, grimy appear-
ance. Ken. O65. (P.M.) ; Ken.12 [Easter (K.).]
[Astre, that is to say, the stocke, harth, or chimney, for
fire . . . which, though it be not now commonly under-
stood in Kent ; yet do they of Shropshire and other parts
reteine it in the same signification till this day, LAMBARDE
PerambrKent (1576) 562, ed. 1596. OFr. astre (mod. dtre),
a hearth ; cp. G. estrich, a pavement, It. dstrico ( FLORID).]
ASTREES, sb. Or. I. The beam of a plough.
5. & Ork.1 Or.I. (JAM.)
ASTRIDDLE, adv. Nhb. Cum. [astrrdl.] Astride ;
with the legs wide apart.
Nhb.1
Hence Astriddling, ppl. adj. sitting astride.
Cum. Astriddlin' cocked o th' hallan,GiLPiN Pop. Poetry(i8-]5)6s.
[A-, on + striddle, der. of stride.]
ASTRIDE, adv. Yks. [astrai'd.] Phr. to be, seem astride
of, (i) to make progress with, be master of; (2) to hold a
mortgage.
(i) w.Yks. He hez ta hev it done i' two month, and he seems
weel astride on't (M.F.) ; (J.T.). (2) (J.T.)
ASTROUT, aafr. Nhp. I.W. Dor.Som.Dev. [astretrt.]
Stretched out stiffly.
Nhp.1 I.W.2 My vingersbe all astrout wi' the coold. Dor. The
players' pockets wer a-strout Wi' wold brown pence a-rottlen in,
BARNES Poems (1869) 102 ; Dor.1 He jump'd about, Wi' girt new
shirt-sleeves all a-strout, 206. Som. Vailed down wi' her lags all
astrout, RAYMOND Gent. Upcott (1893) 85 ; SWEETMAN Wincanton
Gl. (1885). Dev.1
[A-strowt, turgide, Prompt. 480; A-, on + strout, q.v.]
ASTRUT, adv. Yks. Lin. Nhp. [astnrt.] Stretched
out; projecting.
n.Yk8.2 Said of the legs in a state of expansion. m.Yks.>
n.Lin.i Jutting out, as a buttress does. Nhp.1 It stands astrut.
[Theyre belyes standinge a strutte with stuffing, MORE
Confnt. Tindale (1532) 589 (N.E.D.) ; Astrut, turgide,
Prompt., ed. Pynson (see Way, 480). A-, on + strut, q.v.]
ASTULL, see Astel.
ASTY, see Astite.
ASTYLLEN, see Astel.
ASWAIP, adv. Sc. Yks. faswe-p.] Aslant, on one
side.
Slk. (JAM.) n.Yks. It lies aswape (I.W.).
[A-, on+swape (to place aslant), q.v.]
ASWASH, adv. e.An. Also in e.An.1 asosh, ashosh.
faswo'J, aso1/.] Awry, aslant.
Nrf. (A.G.), Nrf.1, e.An.i
[Guingois, de Guingois, slovenly, unevenly, awry;
also huffingly, swaggeringly aswash ; . . . Chamarre, a.
loose and light gown that may be worn a swash or skarf-
wise, COTGR. ; A sosshe as one weareth his bonnet, a
gyngoys, PALSGR. A-, on + swash (vb.), q.v.]
ASWIM, adv. Sc. [aswi-m.] Afloat, covered with
water.
Sc. The soldiers sleeping carelessly in the bottom of the ship,
were all a-swim, through the water that came in at the holes and
leaks of the ship, SPALDING Hist. Troubles (1792) I. 60 (JAM.) ;
Commonly used in this sense (J.W.M.).
[A-, on + swim.]
ASWINT, adv. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Also
written aswinDur.1 w.Yks.14; asquin w.Yks.1 [aswi-nt,
aswi'n.] Awry, crooked, obliquely. See Swin.
Dur.1, Cum.1, Wm.1, n.Yks.3 e.Yks. Put blind right, it's all
aswint. Obsol. in Holderness (R.S.) ; e.Yks.1, w.Yks.1 Lan.
Commonly used in Burnley some years ago. Of a footpath
across a field, ' It goes aswin,' Manch. City News (Mar. 21, 1896).
n.Lan. This boord' gitten aswin wi liggen i t'sun (W.H.H.). Lan.1
He geet it aswint, an cudna set it straight hissel. ne.Lan.1
[Prob. the same word as lit. E. asquint, used only with
ref. to looking obliquely.]
ASWIR, adv. ? Obs. Lan. Diagonally, aslant.
e.Lan.1
ASWISH, adv. Yks. Not. Lin. [aswi-J.] Aslant,
slantwise.
w.Yks.2 Now don't cut that truss of hay all aswish. Not.2 s.Not.
Straighten that table-cloth ; yer've laid it all aswish (J.P.K.).
sw.Lin.1 You see it's aswish way ; it's not straiet, it's aswish.
Two pair of cottages recently built at Whisby slantwise to the road
have received popularly the name of ' The a-swish houses.'
[A-, on + swish (vb.), q.v. The mg. of the adv. is devel-
oped fr. the use of swish, yb., in the sense of making
a movement slantingly as with a whip or scythe.]
AT, prep. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. Eng. Amer. [at.]
I. Obsol. Used instead of to as the sign of the infini-
tive.
Cum.1 I's gaan at git my poddish ; Cum.2 Aw wad leyke at gan
to Carel ; Cum.3 An' ivery mak' o' pains they teuk ut git 'em
druven away, 99 ; An priss them hard the'r bit o' land ut swap, 95.
Wm. Parliament's gaan et meak a la' et thear's to be full moon for
three months, BRIGGS Remains (1825) 217; A woman cam fra'
Dent at see a nebbor. At larn at knit, SOUTHEY Knitters e' Dent
in Doctor (1848) 558 ; Wm.1 Ets nowt at dow [it's of no use].
He's nowt at dow [he is good for nothing]. n.Yks.1 What's at
do, now ? Now rarely used. n.Lan. Hev I at gang t3 t'markot
tade ? (W.S.) ne-Lan.1 I don't like at see it.
II. Of place or position.
1. Used redundantly to denote rest in a place, dwelling,
position. In gen. use.
Cum. It's a varra sensible thing and aw, . . . that sheep should know
theer oan ' heafs.' We could niwer ken whar sheep was at if they
didn't, Helvellyn in Cornh. Mag. (Oct. 1890) 383. Wm.1 Whar is
t'at ? n.Lin.1 He's left Croasby an' I doan't knaw wheare he's at
noo. Nhp.1 Now his mother's dead where is he at ? He does
not know where to be at now. Wil.1 Th' rwoad be all up at hill
[uphill]. [Amer. Where is he at ? (BARTLETT).]
2. Referring a condition or sensation to a particular
place : in, about.
Cum. What seesta' at hur, GRAHAM Gwordy (1778) 1. 53. n.Yks.
(I.W.) I. Ma. He has ... no bowels of compassion at him, CAINE
Manxman (1894) pt. II. i ; Lies with a stink at them, BROWNE
AT
[86]
AT
Doctor (i88i) 3. Chs.1; Chs.3 A pain at her stomach. War.
(J.R.W.)
3. Phr. to be at. (i) With obj. of person : to demand of,
to importune. (2) With obj. of thing : to do, set about,
esp. of bad or mischievous acts. (3) With vbl. sb. : in the
act of, at the point of.
(i) n.Yks.1 Well, I was at my lord agen laast neeght, an' he said
he wad nae hev it sae. Ah was at t' priest about it, but 'twur te
na use. (2) Yks. What he'd be at, MUNBY Verses (1865) 66. Not.
I don't know what they'll be at next (L.C.M.). n.Lin.1 Oor Jack's
oot o' Ketton [prison] once moore ; I wonder what he'll be at next
to get his sen putten in agean. Nhp.1 What are you at ? What arc
you going to be at ? is often said when any one is mischievously
inclined. Hnt. (T.P.F.) n.Wil. What be at thur? (E.H.G.)
w.Som.1 Yuur-z aa't ut [here's at it], a very common expression
on beginning or resuming work. Aa-1 bee aa't ut, fuus dhing
maa'ru mau'rneen [I will be at it, first thing to-morrow morning].
(3) Cor. The beef is at roasting, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; The
water is just at boiling (M.A.C.).
4. Motion to, arrival at a place or condition.
Ir. To call at [visit a person] (G.M.H.). Cum. Old people used
to say ' they were gaun at church ' (M.P.). Wm. He cam at a
coffin, liggen, Lonsdale Mag. (1821) II. 267 ; Wm.1 Aa's gang at
sea [I'm going to sea]. Yks. At an' thro", at an' for'ard [to and fro]
(C.C.R.). e.Yks. It's a spot I never gans at (^E.B.). n.Lin.1 When
ye cum at th' big elmin-tree ye mun to'n to th' reight. It'll all
be th' yung Squire's when he cums at aage.
5. In phr. to come, go at. (i) With obj. of person: to attack,
contend with, compete with ; freq. with ellipsis of v. of
motion. (2) With obj. of thing : to attack, set about, do.
(i) w.Yks. If ta duz, il [he will] at ¥>3. I up [he was up] an at
im i' nua taim (J.W.). e.Lan.1 Go at him. At him with your feet.
Chs.1 If tha says that again, I'll at thee. Stf.2 Weet till th' bobby
cums at him, he'll may 'im goo. Dor.1 We dree'll at you dree.
Som. I'll at you in a game, PULMAN Sketches (1842) 77, ed. 1871.
Colloq. Up, Guards, and at 'em [saying traditionally ascribed to
Wellington, on the day of the battle of Waterloo, Tune 18, 1815],
(a) Not. (L.C.M.) Nhp.2 What are ye gwain at ?
6. Fig. Of feeling towards a person.
Sc. Angry at him, Scotic. (1787) 8 ; A hatred at him (G.W.);
He was the last to hae an ill-will at ony ane, ROY Horseman
(1895) viii. Ayr. Ye just hae a spite at the bairn, GALT Entail
(1823) viii. Yks. A wor that mad at im wol a cudn't bide (J.W.).
ii.Lan. Me muther's childer were mad at ma, PHIZACKERLEY Sng.
Sol. (1860) i. 6. Not. Was ragged [wrath] at him (W.H.S.) •
s.Not. I wor mad at 'im (J.P.K.).
HI. Of time or occasion.
1. Time when ; often used redundantly.
Sc. When I got home last Monday at e'en, WHITEHEAD Daft
Davie (1876) 131. w.Yks.5 When's he boun?— Haw, to-morn at
neet [to-morrow at night]. He's coming at Setterda neet.
2. In phr. (i) at long, finally; (2) — long and at last, in
the end ; (3) — the first onset, at first ; (4) — the long
length, at last ; (5) — time and time, at various times.
(i) Ayr. So at long . . . Miss Jenny was persuaded to put her
name to the paper, GALT Legatees (1820) i. (a) Ant. At lang an' at
last, Ballymena Obs. ( 1892). (3) Hrt. (H.G.) (4) Lan. At th' lung
length aw geet him laid still, WAUGH Sngs. (1866) 8, ed. 1871.
(5) w.Yks. Thease not a bairn e all Pogmoor but wot ive nurst at
time an^' time, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Trip ta Lunnan (1851) 15.
Lan. Th' pranks 'at it's played abeaut this plaze at time an' time!
HARLAND & WILKINSON Flk-Lore (1867) 62.
IV. Of agent or action.
1. Of agent : by.
I.Ma. You must have been found in the bulrushes at Pharaoh's
daughter and made a prophet of, CAINE Manxman (1894) pt. v.
xviii ; It's never been worn at me, ib. pt. vi. i.
2. Denoting the person from whom a thine is received •
from, at the hands of.
e.Yks.1 Ah weeant tak sike sauce at him. w.Yks.2 Alice took
the milk at him. Lan. The new bride to tak 'em at him, 'EAVES-
DROPPER Vill Life (1869) 9. I.Ma. I'm hearing the like at some of
them, CAINE Manxman (1894) pt. i. iv. nw.Der.1 ' Tak it at him '
applied to taking or reaching something from a person who stands
on a higher or lower level, as on a cart, &c.
3. With v. of listening, asking, &c., denoting the person
or source from which information is received
Sc. I asked at him, Scotic. (1787) 9 ; After some weeks she sought
an opportunity of inquiring at himself by visiting him, WHITEHEAD
Daft Davie (1876) 149 ; To ' ask at ' is an everyday Scoticism. Ask
at, inquire at, the footman. Apply at the gardener (G.W.). Frf.
The bairn juist aye greets when I speir at her, BARRIE Thrums
(1889) xxii. n-Yks.1 T'maaster wur here a bit syne, an' he wur
speirin at me about apples. w.Yks. Listen at it, LUCAS Stud.
Nidderdale (c. 1882) 231. Not. ' Listen at ' is familiar, though
' listen ' itself is little used colloquially, ' hark ' being the common
verb. Just hark at him [expressiveofastonishmentandincredibility].
Hark at what I'm going to say (W.H.S.).
4. Phr. to do something at. (\) With obi. of person : to
molest, interfere with. (2) With obj. of thing : to see to,
mend, alter.
(i) n.Yks.1 What did he do at thee? ne.Yks.1 What hez sha
deean at t'bairn ? Lan. Aw'll pay yon mon off for what he did at
me tother day, WOOD Hum. Sketches, 15. Chs.1 Tak care or
he'll do summat at thee. Stf.2 Tak' care o' th' kid and dunna let
nobody do nuthin at 'im. Not. What's he done at the child?
(L.C.M.) sw.Lin.1 What have you been doing at the bairn ?
Lei.1 Whatiwer are ye a-doin' at him ? War.2 What are yo'
adooin" at the lad ? War.3 Shr.1 Yo' needna be afeard, I amma
gwein to do nuthin at yo' ; Shr.2 'A binna yable to doa anything
at him. (2) Cum.2 Ah can dui nought mairat it. n-Yks.1 Ah caan't
dee owght mair at it [spoken by a workman of a job of work he
had been labouring at]. w.Yks.2 What will you do at it? ne.Lan.1
Hey ta done ouht at it? Not.1 Nhp.1 Your house will tumble
about your ears soon, if nothing is done at it ; Nhp.2 Wants doin'
summat at. War. (J.R.W.) Shr.2 This road ull be daingerous
jist now, if a dunna doa sommat at it. Hnt. (T.P.F.)
V. Of cause, relation, or condition.
1. Used advb. denoting reason : for. •
Nhb.1 What are ye stannin' thereat? [My informant confirms the
use of the ex. given above, but thinks it quite a casual expression,
certainly not of frequent use. I do not know of its occurrence
elsewhere than in Newcastle (R.O.H.).]
2. In exchange for, on ; at nought, on no account, on no
condition.
_ n.Yks. Ah didn't like't at nowt (I.W.). w.Yks. Ah wodn't be
i' his shoes at no consideration, Brighouse News (Aug. 10, 1889) ;
Ah wodn't diu sitch a thing at nowt. Ah wodn't like to live
yonder at nowght (JE.B.). n.Lin.1 I wo'dn't hev sich an aidled
bairn at noht.
3. Phr. to think at, to think of, about.
e.Lan.1 Didn't think at it. Stf.1; Stf.2 Ar mester iz 3 toidi
chap ; ei thinks nuthin at lendin ya eifakrain an nivar aksin for
it bak agen. Shr.1 'Er thought nuthin at it, Introd. Ixxxii.
VI. Phr. (i) at all, used in positive clauses: absolutely,
altogether; (2) —all at all, emphatic form of at all; (3)
— ane mae wft, at the last push ; (4) — a' will, to the
utmost that one could wish ; (5) —back on, behind ; (6) —
gaze, staring; (7) — the head on, in celebration of; (8) -
least ways, — least wise, at least ; (9) — odds, at variance;
(10) — one end of, mixed up in, connected with ; (u) -
oneself, sound, healthy in mind and body ; (12) — outs, at
enmity; (13) —play, unoccupied, keeping holiday ; (14)
— thee, here's at thee, I agree, here you are ; (15) —yonder,
yont on, beyond.
(i) Sc, (JAM.) Ir. And what at all have you got there, BARLOW
Lisconnel (1895) 262 ; It's the greatest fun at all (G.M.H.). I.Ma.
Is the woman mad at all? CAINE Manxman (1895) pt. u. i. (a)Sc.
I canna gang there at a', at a' ( J AM. Suppl.). Ir. Would there be e'er
a funeral iver goin' black on the road at all at all ? BARLOW Lisconnel
(l895) 3a i But whin we got up to him, who was it at all at all
but Maurice. . . . An' shure he havn't the colour av a Christian at
all at all, Spectator (Oct. 26, 1889). w.Ir. Who are you, at all at all ?
LOVER Leg. (1848) I. 6 ; Divil the taste of a burn was an it at all
at all, ib. 41. Lim. (G.M.H.) (3) Sc. He looks as he were at ane
mae wi't, Perils of Men, i. 310 ; As to the storm I can tell you my
sheep are just at ane mae wi't, Blackw. Mag. (Mar. 1823) 313 (JAM.).
(4) Sc. (JAM.) (5) w.Yks. Pitched us tent just at back on it,
Shewild Ann. (1854) 2 ; At back on him wor sum pillars an' flaar
stands, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Fr. Exhibition (c. 1856) 28. (6) When
they had stood at gaze for about a minute, SCOTT Leg. Mont. (1830)
ii. (7) w.Yks. Aw wor wed last Monday. .. an aw'd a treeat
at th' heead on't, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1891) 30 ; Shoo wor foorced
to laff too, an' they left th' childer to laik bi thersen, wol they went
to get a drop o' summat at th' heead on it, ib. (1890) 21 ; A man
finds people feasting or drinking and asks, ' Hullo ! what's this
at t'head on ?' The answer may be, ' It's at t'head o' nought,'
which means they are feasting for feasting's sake (S.P.U.). (8)
AT
[87]
AT-AFTER
Lei.1, War.3 n.Yks.2 At-least-wise it seems to be seea. (9)
Der.2, War. (J.R.W.) (10) Chs.1 If he's not at one eend on it,
it'll be done wrong. If there's to be anny o' that work goin on, aw
mun be at one eend on it mysel. (n) Abd. Hallach'd anddamish'd,
and scarce at hersell, Ross ffelenore ( 1768) 23, ed. 1812. N.I.1 He's
no at himsel [he's not well]. Ant. A haeny [have not] been
at mysel', Ballymena Obs. (1892). (12) Der. Him and me are at
outs (H.R.) ; Der.2, nw.Der.1 (13) Stf. To be 'at play' is most
commonly used by workpeople who are in a situation but are
keeping a holiday: Wei shan bei at pli neks wik [we shall be at
play next week]. Occasionally, but more rarely, the phrase is
used to express ' out of work ' : Oi bin at pli far threi munth an
oi konnar get a job nuwier (A.P.) ; Stf.1 (14) w.Yks. Jim, seein
he wor nobbud a little chap, said ' Hauf-a-craan, mi lad.' ' Here's at
tha,' said little fella, thrawin daan his brass, Dewsbre Olm. ( 1866) 5.
(15) n.Yks.2 It's at yonder on't [it's at a distance further from it].
[I. He ioyid as geaunt at ren the way, HAMPOLE Ps.
xviii. 6 ; Braste out at grete, Wars Alex. 8va (Ashmole
MS.) ; He bat stibest wenes to stande (Vesp. MS., at stand),
Cursor M. 61. ON. at (with inf.), at vita, to know. II. 2.
I am pale at my heart, SHAKS. M. for Meas. iv. iii. 157 ;
Glad at soul, ib. Oth. i. iii. 196. 4. Hit plesit wele the
pepull at Parys to wende, Dest. Troy, 2674. OE. Ge ne
comon set me, Matt. xxv. 43. 5. Have at thee, Jasoun !
CHAUCER Leg. G. W. 1383. IV. 1. I have be shriven this
day at my curat, ib. C. T. D. 2095. 2. Thenne gan Gyle
borwe hors at meny grete maistres, P. Plowman (c.) HI.
176. 3. Aske at Alexander, Wars Alex. 1670; I axed this
at hevene king, CHAUCER C. T. G. 542.]
AT, rel. pron. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Der.(?)Lin. Also written ute.Lan.1; et nw.Der.1 [at.]
1. Who, whom, which, that.
Sc. 'At is gen. used (G.W.). Per. Him 'at wrote Judas Iscariot
the first Residuary, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush (1895) 201.
Wxf.1 He at nouth fade t'zey [he that knows what to say], 90.
Nhb. ' As ' is not used for a rel. pron. ; we should inevitably
say ' Last Monday at ever was.' That varry day it he cam hyem
(R.O.H.) ; Nhb.1 Them at's gan up. Dur. Him 'at went to
foreign parts (A.B.). Cum. He gat helpt up on a plank at was
laid cross two barrels, DICKINSON Lamplugh (1856) 5; T' watch-
men 'et went about t'toon fand ma, ib. Sng. Sol. (1859) v. 7 ; Yan
o' t'best mowers 'at ivver was i' this country, RICHARDSON Talk
(1871) 58, ed. 1873. Wm. Let me net wish ought at's bad,
HUTTON Bran New Wark (1785) 1. 151 ; T'sang o' sangs, 'at's
Solomon's, RICHARDSON Sng. Sol. (1859) i. i ; Where stands a
mansion newly built Et cost a sect o' brass, WHITEHEAD Leg.
(1859) 7. Yks. If ye'll find me a fine lady 'at's been t'boarding
school 'at addles more nor I do mysen, I'll go servant to her
again, TAYLOR Miss Miles (1890) i. n.Yks. Then ther was a
spot . . . 'at's called Fairy Hill, TWEDDELL Clevel. Rhymes (1875)
45 ; T'druffen tyke at shoo calls ur maister, Why John (Coll.
L.L.B.). n-Yks.1 Is there naught at Ah can dee ?— Nowght, at Ah
can tell ; n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1 There's nowt at ah knaws on. e.Yks.
Especially folks 'at's never me'lled wi' you, LINSKILL Exchange
Soul (1888) iv ; Ah deean't want neean o' yer boodin-skeeal
lasses at plays pianners, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889)90; e.Yks.1
That's man at sthrake [struck] him. w.Yks. T'little foxes, at
spoils t'voincs, BYWATER Sng. Sol. (1859) ii. 15 ; T'wor then at
someat did tak place, At made wer chairman pale his face, At made
him sigh, and squeeze his side, An' pool his face al ta one side, T.
Toddle's Aim. (1875) 2; Mally wor dahn o' one fooit 'at rayther
spoilt her walking, CUDWORTH Dial. Sketches (1884) 13 ; w.Yks.12 ;
w.Yks.3 Them 'at Au catch ; w.Yks.5 It wur him 'at did it ! Lan.
He used no drug ut strengthens or ut soothes, RIDINGS Muse (1853)
9 ; Then wur aw in his een as one ut fun fawur, STATON Sng.
Sol. (1859) viii. 10 ; Thoose 'at knew th' owd lad, WAUGH Old
Cronies (1875) vii ; Simon o'th Pump, lad, 'at went off his yead,
CLEGG David's Loom (1894)!. ne.Lan.1 Him at left it? e.Lan.'.
nw.Der.1 ? In Edale. n.Lin. I'd gie him biggest hidin' 'at iver ony lad
hed, PEACOCK Taales (1889) 93. Lin.1 It's a tale 'at's true, 229 ;
n.Lin.1 Them at steals geese should hide the feather poake. Th'
sod wall at I maade was to noa ewse at all to keap them rabbits oot.
2. Followed by the pass. pron. : forming the gen. case,
whose.
Sc. The aald man, hym at hys laeg was broken, cam hyrplan oot.
The man at hys cuot's tuorn, MURRAY Dial. (1873) 197.
Ipai turnyt to here tenttes with tene at bai hade, Dest.
Troy (c. 1400) 9881 ; Thai armyt thame, all at thar war,
BARBOUR Bruce, xv. 5 ; For to bis palais at was sua rike,
Cursor M. 415. ON. at, an indecl. rel. pron., with initial
b lost. OE.fiat, Goth, pat-ei.}
AT,dem.pron. Nhb. Cum. Yks. [at] That ; used after
an assertion, and introducing a clause with the construc-
tion inverted, giving emphasis to the assertion.
Nhb.1 Cum.1 Aa's cum to advise tha', 'at is ee. It's gay bad
wark, at is't. n.Yks.2 You weeant, at weeant ye. He was a good
man, at was he. You will, at will ye [you will of a certainty do so
and so]. They were, at were they. w.Yks.1 As fine a man as
ivver E clapt my een on, at wor he, ii. 309.
[A special use of ON. at, rel. pron. See At, above.]
AT, conj. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Der. [at.]
1. Introducing a subordinate clause : that.
Frf. There's nae doot 'at he's makkin for the minister's, BARRIE
Thrums (1889) n, ed. 1895. Wxf.1 At skelpeares an slaugheard-
hes mye leeigh aar oer vill [that the piglings and pigs may laugh
their overfill]. Nhb. It's well kent 'at Mark Teasdale canna
manish to leave Williamston, CLARE Love of Lass (1890) I. 7; Nhb.1
He's se strang at he can lift a seek o' floor. Cum.3 We ken at guid
stuff Laps up i' lal bundles, an' she's lal eneugh, 38. An' said,
whyte nateral, 'at he wantit somebody to ga wid him on t'fells, i.
Wm. He'd med up his mind et he wad hev her, JACK ROBISON Aald
Taales (1882) 3. n.Yks. Ah'll nut saay 'at Ah've seen her, LINSKILL
Betw. Heather and N. Sea (1884) i ; n-Yks.1 Ah said at Ah wad,
an' Ah ded. Weean't ee ? Bud Ah'll see at thou diz ; n.Yks.3
ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. Ah wish fra me heart at ah yet wor a lad, LUCAS
Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) 231 ; w.Yks. I knaw, I knaw, 'at I'm i'
t'gate, PRESTON Poems (1872) 9, ed. 1881. Lan. We've towd
t'meausturs at we winnot clem, KAY-SHUTTLEWORTH Scarsdale
(1860) I. 85 ; Mony a toime at neet aw've dreamt ut hoo wur ta'en
away, BEALEY Eawr Bessy, 2. n.Lan. Blah on me garden, at t'spices
may run owt, PHIZACKERLEY Sng. Sol. (1860) iv. 16. ne.Lan.1 Der.1
He said at he wou'd.
2. In phr. at how, that.
Der.1 He said at how he wou'd. He said at how he went.
[And at it be swa, rise lord, HAMPOLE Ps. iii. 6 (com.) ;
He persauit weill At thai war strange men, BARBOUR
Bruce, ix. 688. ON. at, that. See At, rel. pron.}
AT-AFTER, advb., prep, and conj. phr. n.Cy. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Stf. Der. Lin. War. Shr. Also written at-eftir w.Yks.1
1. adv. Of time : after, afterwards.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) n-Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 All things
in order, ploughing first, sowing at-after. ne.Yks.1 Obs. e.Yks.
At efter, THOMPSON Hist. Welton (1869) 169. m.Yks.1 I's boon
[going] at-after. w.Yks. Thah kno's they're better at after for it,
BYWATER Sheffield Dial. (1839) 195, ed. 1877 ; He'd managed to
save as mich brass as ud keep him as long as he lived, an' leave a
gradely bit for th' childer at after, HARTLEY Yks. Xmas. Ann.
(1879) 10 ; We went to Tom's first an' to Bill's at after, Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Dec. 13, 1890) ; w.Yks.1 I'll finish my wark, and at-
after I'll gang wi' the haam ; w.Yks.2, w.Yks.4 ; w.Yks.5 Shoo
does her bit o' work at after, when iwry body else is i' bed.
He luked ar him fur two minnits at after wi'art speiking, 68. Lan. I
cried many a night at after, GASKELL M. Barton (1848) iv ; Who's to
tent thee at after, KAY-SHUTTLEWORTH Scarsdale (1860) II. 282;
Ta'en to honest ways at afther, BRIERLEY Layrock (1864) vi ;
Cowd ale afore supper an' aught at yo'n a mind for at after,
WAUGH Owd Cronies (1875) iii ; Aw seed Polly i' Blegburn toothrey
toimes ut after, FERGUSON Dick Moudywarp, 26. ne.Lan.1,
e.Lan.1 Chs.1 Shall you come nae or at after ? Chs.2 I'll be with
ye at after ; s.Chs.1 Stf.1 ; Stf.2 It was many a while at-after then,
afore oi sed 'im. Der. I towd him at-after, o' th' tale Luke ad set
agoin', GUSHING Voe (1888) I. ix ; Der.12 War. (J.R.W.)
2. Of place : at the rear, after.
Chs. Off he cut, an Jock Carter an aw their chums at tatter
[sic], CLOUGH B. Bresskittle (1879) 13.
3. prep. Of time : after.
w.Yks. It's my turn at-after thee, Leeds Mere. Suppl. (Dec. 13,
1890) ; w.Yks.3 Lan.1 Ay, it is a bonny neet, for sure, at-after
this storm, WAUGH Sneck Bant (1868) 14. Chs.1 Stf.2 An' so
at after dinner Turn went and did a bit o' ploughing. n.Lin.1 He
com in at after afternoon chech an' set wi' me maay be a quaarter
o' a nooer.
4. Of place : behind, after.
Lan. Th' noise ov a toothrey crows close at after mi heels,
BOWKER Tales (1883) 50.
5. conj. After.
e.Yks.1 That happened at efther Jack had geean heeam. MS.
ATCH
[88]
ATHOUT
add (T H ) Lan Nat lang at efter t'sun set, HARLAND &
WILKINSON Flk-Lore (1867) 60. Stf.2 At after 'ed bin awee foive
hours, 'e turned up jed drunk. Shr.1 A good wilde at-after
yo'd'n gwun to bed.
[At-after diner daun John sobrely This chapman took
a-part, CHAUCER C. T. B. 1445.]
ATCH, v. Stf. [atj.] To sneeze.
Stf.2 S'lodzar'z gotn sum soup ift'z nuz, an is atsm 0 up an dam
S'hais.
[The word is doubtless onomatopoetic.J
ATCHERN, see Acorn.
ATCHESON, sb. Obs. Sc. n.Cy. Yks. Also written
atchison. A copper coin struck in the reign of James
VI, worth two-thirds of an English penny.
Sc. A billon coin, or rather copper washed with silver, of the
value of eight pennies Scotch JAM.) ; They will ken by an
Atchison if the priest will take an offering, RAMSAY Prov. (ITS?)-
n.Cy. A Scots coin, worth four bodies, GROSE (1790). Yks. (K.)
n.Yks. They're nut worth an Atchison or twenty sike, MERITON
Praise Ale (1684) 1. 400.
[Atchison, a Sc. form of Atkinson, name of an English-
man, who was assay-master of the Scottish mint in the
reign of James VI (James I of England). Mr. Pinkerton
calls the coin 'Atkinson,' Essay on Medals, II. in (JAM.).]
ATCHORN, see Acorn.
ATELIN, see Yetlin.
ATHATN(S, adv. phr. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Not. Lei.
War. Wor. Shr. Also written athaten(s Der.2 nw.Der.1 ;
athatans War.2 ; athatness Lan.1 [atSa't3n(z.]
1. In that way, in that manner.
Lan.1 An' o' thattens their little tongues ran Bo sich prattlin
o" went agen th' grain, RAMSBOTTOM Rhymes ( 1864) so; Makkin
game o' thi poor owd Ant a thattons, Widder Bagshaw's Trip (c.
1860) 6. Chs.1 Dunna do it a-that'ns ; you should do it a-this'ns ;
sithee ? Chs.3 s.v. This'n ; s.Chs.1 Dhaa mun taak uwt)n it
ii)dhaat-n [tha mun tak howt on it a-that-n]. n.Stf. What dost
mean by turning worki day into Sunday a-thatn ? GEO. ELIOT A.
Bedc(i859) xx. Stf.2 What art cuttin th' 'edge athatns fur? Der.2
He's allys a'thatens ; nw.Der.1 A-thaten. Not. (L.C.M.) Lei.
I know he has got a very dirty lane to go down for serving me
a-that-ens, N. & Q. (1858) and S. vi. 187 ; Lei.1 Yo' mutn't dew it
athatns. War.23 se.Wor.1 Thee artst to be ashum'd o' theeself
til byut [beat] the bwoy athattens. Shr. (E.F.NO ; Shr.1
2. To that degree or extent.
s.Chs.1 Mi aa-rm sweld u)dhaafnz dhun ahy thuwt)th bliid
miis) bi peyznd [my arm swelled a-that-ns than (till) I thowl
th' blood must be peisoned],
[A-, on + thatn, q.v.]
ATHATNING, prp. s.Stf. [atSa'tnin.] Acting in
that way.
s.Stf. When I was a dairymaid, a dairymaid was I, An' o' thisnin',
an' o' thatnin', an" o' thisnin' went I, Children' s play-song (T.P.).
[A vbl. der. otathatn, see above.]
ATHEL, sb. Obs. ? Sc. A prince, a noble.
Sc. Childer, wham thou mayist mak athils, RIDDELL Ps. (1857
xlv. 16 ; Pitna your trust in athils, ib. cxlvi. 3 ; Athill, Hathill
JAM.).
[Sone as cure athils be-hind saje bar he entred, Wars
Alex. 1433 ; The here of bat hathell was huet as j>e fire,
Dest. Troy, 3857. OE. cedele, noble.]
ATHER, see Arder.
ATHER-, see Adder-.
ATHERT, see Athwart.
ATHIN, adv. and prep. Nhp. Shr. Brks. Sus. Hmp.
Wil. Som. Dev. Also written adin Sus.12 [atSi-n, adi-n.]
1. adv. Within.
Nhp.2, Shr.1 Brks.1 Be the mc-uster athin ?— Naw, he be
just gan avield. Sus.1, Wil.1 Som. Ees, a be a-thin, JENNINGS
Dial. ai.Eiig. (1869) ; Aal day long athin, or athout, ' AGRIKLER '
Rhymes (1872) 48. nw.Dev.1
2. prep. Within.
Shr.1 Sus. Lik a bit of a pomegranate be yer temples adin yer
locks, LOWER Sng. Sol. (1860) vi. 7 ; Sus.2 Hmp. HOLLOWAY ;
Hmp.1 n.Wil. You've a got dove's eyes athin yer locks, KITE
Sng. Sol. (c. 1860) iv. i. w.Som.1 1 zeed where the shots went
to ; they wadn athin dree voot o' the hare. Not used as an adv.
[For the pron. of unstressed with- as ath- cp. athout.]
ATHIRST, adj. Obs. Nhp. Glo. Thirsty.
Nhp.2 Glo. Affurst, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
[Master when sawe we the anhungred or a thurst,
TINDALE Matt. xxv. 44 ; My soule is a thurste for God,
COVERDALE Ps. xlii. i. OE. offyTst for oflynted, pp. of
offers/an, to suffer thirst. See A- (pref.*).]
ATHIRT, see Athwart.
ATHISN(S, adv. phr. Wm. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der.
Not Lei War. Shr. Also written athisen nw.Der.1;
athisness Lan.1 [at$rsan(z.] In this way.
Wm. If thoo gaas on a thissans, as varra seean net hev a single
thing left aboot t'hoose, Spec. Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 6. Lan.1 Th'
owd felly kept waggin his yed, th' fust a-this'ns and then a-that'ns.
Athissn we went into th' leath [barn], COLLIER Wks. (1750) 71.
said one who was teaching me how to use a scythe. War.2 Don't
mow a-that'n, do it a-this'n ; War.3 Get out, ye will never get
to Amerikey a this'ns. se.Wor.1 Do it athissens. Shr.1 Canna
yo' put the nild [needle] through the stitch athisn an' nod be'ind
it athatn ?
[A-, on + thisn, q.v.]
ATHISNING, prp. s.Stf. [atSrsnin.] Acting in
this way.
s.Stf. When I was a housemaid, a housemaid was I, An' o' this-
nin' an' o' thatnin', an o' thisnin' went I, Children's play-song
(T.P.).
[A vbl. der. of alhisn, see above.]
ATHOF, conj. Yks. [atSo'f.] Used with rts : as if, as
though.
e.Yks. It was as fast as athof it had grown theear, NICHOLSON
Flk-Sp. (1889) 36 ; e.Yks.1 It lewks as athof it wad brust.
[This is a pron. of although. Althofe he fonde coloura-
bill wais to serve his entent, SHIRLEY Dethe of James
(1440) 7 (N.E.D.).]
ATHOL BROSE, sb. Obsol. Sc. Honey or meal
mixed with brandy or whisky, used in the Highlands as
a specific for colds.
Sc. The captain swallowed his morning draught of Athole brose,
and departed, SCOTT Midlothian (1818) xlviii ; An aye since he wore
tartan trews He dearly lo'ed the Athol brose, Neil Gow (MACKAY) ;
A powerful mixture, that no one but a Highlander can safely
indulge in (ib.) ; Athol brose was commonly used thirty years ago,
but is now rarely, if ever, heard of (H.E.F.).
ATHOUT, adv., prep, and conj. Sc. n.Irel. Cum. Wni.
Yks. Lan. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Oxf. Brks. Nrf. Suf.
Sus. Hmp. Wil. Som. Dev. Also written athoot, a'oot
m.Yks.1; adoot Cum.3 m.Yks.1 ; avout N.I.1; uthout
w.Som.1 nw.Dev.1 [«. atSu't, adu't ; s. atSeu't.]
1. adv. Without, outside.
Fif. JAM.', Suf. (F.H.), WH.1
2. prep. Without.
Cum. Fwok 'at can't keep fra't adoot signin' t'pledge, GWORDIE
GREENUP Yance a Year (1873) 18; Cum.3 He tok off his specks,
an he glower't at me adoot them, 13. Wm. It's true, adoot a doot
'. M.P. ). Yks. He can't guide his own bairn athoot shutting him up,
MACQUOID Don's Barugh (1877) xlv; I hevn't watched thee . . .
athoot seein' 'at thee never thinks for thysel', LINSKILL Exchange
Soul (1888) liv. n.Yks.1 2. m.Yks.1 w.Yks. Niwer a year adoot
a summer, Niddcrdill Olm. (1874) ; Ye'll knaw adoot me telling
you, ib. (1878) ; He did it adoot a grummal, LUCAS Stud. Nidder-
dale (c. 1882) 329 ; w.Yks.5 Am barn athout him ! Shoe's athout
owt tul her fortun'. ne.Lan.1 I'se goan athout it. s.Wor.1, Shr.1
Hrf. Im'z a week fool az tawks aathout reazon, Why John (Coll.
L.L.B.). Glo.1 Oxf. An tcl e strayt awf too, athowt much to-doo,
Why John (Coll. L.L.B.). s.Oxf. Athout spilin' th' old un, ROSE-
MARY Chilterns (1895) 77. Nrf. Athowt luking either to the right
or left, SPILLING Molly Miggs (1873) i. Sus. Maidens adout
number, LOWER Sng. Sal. (1860) vi. 8. Hmp.1 I.W. Vorced to
zet wi" clane hands from morning to night athout zo much as
a bit of vittles to hready. MAXWELL GRAY Annuity (1889) I. 159.
Wil.1 He's gone athout his dinner. Som. Noa man eswisc athout
a wife, ' AGRIKLER ' Rhymes (1872) i.
3. conj. Unless.
N.I.1 I could not tell avout I saw it. ne.Yks.1 Wa san't be able
ti lead ti-morn, athoot wa git a bit o' wind. e.Yks.1 MS. add.
(T.H.) War.2 I sha'n't go, athout yo' do. Shr.1 Yo'n never scrat
ATHRAW
[89]
ATOP
a grey yed athout yo' tak'n better car' o' yoreself, Introd. Ixxxii.
Brks.1 I wunt go athout thee comes too. w.Som.1 Yue kaa'n git
good dhing-z udhaewt yiie bee u muyn tu paa~y vaur ut [you
i annot get good things (stock) without you be a mind to pay for
it]. I on't come, athout you'll come too. nw.Dev.1
[Another form of this word is Arout. See also
Athin.]
ATHRAW, adv. Sc. [a}>ra.] Awry.
Edb. The gable end o' that house is athraw (J.W.M.). Dmf.
Shouther your arms, — O had them on tosh And not athraw, M AYNE
Siller Gun ( 1808) 20.
[A-, <m + //iraw (to twist), q.v.]
ATHURTENS, adv. Chs. [atJa'tanz.] Athwart,
across.
Chs.13
[A der. of athwart, q.v. Formed after the analogy of
such forms as Athatnfs, Athisn(s.]
ATHWART, adv., adj. and prep. Sc. Wm. Yks. Lin.
Wor. Shr. Glo. Oxf. Brks. e.An. Hmp. I.W. Wil. Dor.
Som. Dev. Cor. Amer. Also written athert Glo.12 I.W.2
Wil.2; athirt s.Wor.1 Oxf.1 I.W.1 Dor.1; athort Sc.
e.An.1; athurt Brks.1 Shr.2 limp.1 w.Som.1 Cor.12 ; adirt
Dor.1 [aj>3-t, aSa-t.]
1. adv. Across, crosswise.
Sc. Athort (JAM.). Wm. A star fell directly athwart, HUTTON
Bran New Wark (1785) 1. 368. Yks. It was knee-deep in snow,
but I got athwart (C.C.R.). s.Wor.1, Shr.1 Glo. As cross as two
sticks athurt (F.H.) ; Glo.2 I.W.2 Be you gwyne athert [across
the Channel] to-day ? Wil. Athwart, across a field at right angles
to its sides, ELLIS Pronunc. (1889) V. 47. Dor. I was just coming
athwart to hunt ye out, HARDY Greenwd. Tree (1872) I. 16 ; Won't
he come athirt? — No, he's beyond the brook, BARNES Poems (1869)
134 ; I went athirt from Lea to Noke, ib, g. w.Som.1 Dhu pees
u klaa'th wuz u-kuut rai't udhuurtn ukraa's [the piece of cloth
was cut right athurt and across]. n.Dev. Athert, GROSE (1790) MS.
add. (H.) Cor. Athart, Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 422 ; Lookin oal
athurt, for he had a purty squenty, Tim. Towser, 6; Cor.1 He
looks athurt [he squints] ; Cor.23
Hence Athurt-eyed, squinting.
Dev.3 A person who squints is said to be thurt-eyed.
2. Abroad, far and wide.
Sc. There goes a speech athort . . . dissuading the King from
war with us, BAILLIE Letters (1775) I. 83 (JAM.) ; Athwart an'
vvyde abresede haes thrawn the banes o' him, RIDDELL Ps. (1857)
liii. 5 ; He'll gang athort. I have heard this used, but only by very
old people (J.W.M.). Abd. A'wye an' athort [everywhere], is a
common phr. (H.E.F.)
3. adj. Crossing, cross-cut.
Nrf.1 Winterton lighthouses, whose lights intercross, were de-
scribed on the spot as ' thowt lighthouses,' and appeared on the
map, soon after, as ' the Thought Lighthouses.' Thowt pegs are
the pins between which the oars of a boat are confined. Som.
A cross-cut saw is an athirt saw, SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885).
4. prep. Of position or motion : across, over.
Sc. Strange looks athort my winnock pass, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads
< 1806) 233. Abd. Athort the morn's gloamin', ALEXANDER Johnny
Oibb (1871) xxxii. Frf. Athort his godship's trusty naig, BEATTIE
Arnha (c. 1820) 10, ed. 1882. Ayr. Athort the lift they start and
shift, BURNS Vision. Yks. I was going athwart a close (C.C.R.).
Lin. One night I wur sittin" aloan, Wi' Roaver athurt my feeat,
TENNYSON Owd Roa (1889). w.Wor.1 Bring 'er athirt the river,
Bill. Glo. Blow your clouds, ... If thurs nun athirt the sky,
Leg. Peas. (1877) 25 ; Glo.1 He lives athert the park. Oxf.1
Athirt the road. Brks. Stretched athurt the varmer's zaddle,
HUGHES Scour. White Horse (1859) vi ; Thaay've a bin and gone
off somweres athert the wall, ib. T. Brown Oxf. (1861) xxiii ;
Brks.1 I zin 'in run athurt the pe-us o' turmuts. e.An.1 Hmp.
He went athurt th' vield (H.C.M.B.); Hmp.1 I.W. Goo on
athirt them turmuts, MAXWELL GRAY Annesley (1889) I. xcii ;
I.W.1 ; I.W.2 The hare ran right athert the ground. Wil. There
always wur a path athwert thuck mead in the ould volk's time,
JEFFERIES Gamekeeper (1878) 170, ed. 1887; And jogged along
athirt the plaain, SLOW Rhymes (1889) 103. n.Wil. He come
athertthicground(E.H.G.). Wil.2 Dor. Withik girt pain athirt thee
brow, YOUNG Eclogue (1862) 4; But zent noo va'ice, athirt the
ground to me, BARNES Poems (1869) 61 ; Athirt the chest he
wer so wide As two or dree ov me or you, ib. 136; Dor.1 At the
road adirt the wide an' shaller vuord, 73. Som. Ver lan's athurt
th' sey, PULMAN Sketches (1842) 32, ed. 1853 ; Athirt the cadger's
VOL. I.
ling direction
showlders ran Hes wallet, villed wi swag and scran, ' AGRIKLER '
Rhymes (1872) 71 ; Put 'em up in stacks athurt the street to stop
the traffic, RAYMOND Love and Quiet Life (1894) 25. w.Som.1 Ee
vaa-Iud rai't udhuurt dhu aj- [he (the tree) fell right across the
hedge]. Cor. He took the cheeld athurt the back, TREGELLAS
Tales (1860) 15; E wor goin' athurt that saame field, HICHAM
Dia. (1866) 12 ; She were athurt the planchin, and could'n die
till we did put her right along it, N. & Q, (1871) 4th S. viii. 322.
[Nfld. Atert the road, PATTERSON in Trans. Amer. Flk-Lore Sac.
(1894).]
5. Across, from corner to corner, diagonally.
se.Wor.1 Dev.3 When ploughing a field in a slantin
the man is said to plough athurt the field.
6. Through.
Sc. Posts went athort the whole country, BAILLIE Letters (1775)
I. 32 (JAM.). Per. A man that has visited every house in a
parish or town would say, ( I have been athort the hale parish, or
town ' (G.W.).
7. In phr. to come or nin athwart a person, to meet acci-
dentally.
Shr.2 Corned athurt on him. Hmp. Just let me come athert 'un
agin, ' COUNTRYMAN ' in Forest. Miscell. (1846) 164. n.Dev. Nif tha
com'st athert Rager Hosegood, Exm. Seal. (1746) 1. 198. Dev.3
Two persons are said to run ' athirt aitch other."
8. In phr. (i) athert and across, interwoven, trellis- wise ;
(2) athurt and alongst, phr. used to imply double dealing,
' holding with the nare, and running with the hounds';
(3) athwart asquint, from one corner to the other diago-
nally opposed to it.
(i) Dor. I made a pen o' sticks, athert and across (C.V.G.).
(2) n.Dev. A proverbial expression when reflections pass back-
wards and forwards between neighbours, GROSE (1790) MS. add.
(H.) Dev.3 1 tellee yii be a proper chayte [cheat]. Yu urn'th athurt
and alongst as the maggot biteth. (3) Wll. They brought him all
athwart asquint of farmer Pike's field, ELLIS Pronunc. (1889)
V. 46.
[The form athirt occurs in Rom. Partenay (c. 1500) 169.
A-, on + thwart, q.v.]
ATICAST, sb. Sh.I. [a'ti-kast.] One who through
physical unfitness and general incapacity is thrust aside,
rejected, and possibly ill-treated.
Sh.I. In common use (K.I.'!. S. & Ork.1 Aticast, a silly, helpless,
odd sort of person.
[It is prob. that the orig. mg. of aticast was ' one
rejected, an outcast,' and that the word is Norse. Ati-
(Norw. dial, atti- again, AASEN) + cast, pp. of cast (ON.
kasta).]
ATISSHA, v. Yks. To sneeze.
n.Yks. (I.W.), e.Yks.1
[An onomatopoetic form.]
ATO, adv. Or.I. w.Sc. Also written atoo, atae, atto.
[atoe-, ate\] Of motion: to, towards.
Or.I. Quite commonly used everywhere here (K.M.). w.Sc.
Come in atae, come in towards (the fire). Draw the door atae (JAM.
Suppl.).
ATOMY, see Anatomy.
ATOP, adv. and prep. phr. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks.
Lan. Chs. Stf. Lin. War. Wor. Shr. Glo. Oxf. Brks. e.An.
Som. Dev. [ato'p.]
1. adv. On the top.
Ir. An' the furzes an' brooms in a ruffle a-top, BARLOW Bog-land
(1892) 108. ne.Lan.1 Dev. Warm, thick cob walls, and a fine
thatch of straw atop (S.A.A.). Colloq. They laid a sheet to the
door, With the little quilt atop, KIPLING Brk. Ballads (1892) Gift
of the Sea.
2. prep. phr. (a) Atop of, upon, on the top of. Also
fig., invested in.
Ir. As the car grated past below their perch atop of the haggard
wall, BARLOW Kerrigan (1894) 14; 'Twill be much if you land
home afore its atop of you, ib. Lisconnel (1895) 46. Nnb.1 What
he' ye atopa yor heed ? Dur. Whe's this 'at cums up frae t'wilder-
ness, leanen atoppivhur beluved? MOORE Sng. Sol. (1859) viii. 5 ;
Lewk nut atoppa mah, becouse a' as black, becouse t'sun hes lewk'd
atoppa mah, ib. i. 6 ; Dur.1 Cum. A'top o' the greenwood tree,
GILPIN Ballads (1874) 178 ; I know better nor tread atop o' your
bonny happins, Denham Tracts (ed. 1892) I. 178. n.Yks. When
t'last leead was a-top o' t'cart, TWEDDELL Clevel. Rhymes (,1875) 4 ;
Yah hea neea wealth ner gear at all Bud t'cleeas atop o' yer back,
ib. 42. e.Yks. He saw a fellow stanin atop ov a teeable, NICHOLSON
N
ATOUR
ATTER
I'lk-Sf. ( 1889) 35. w.Yks. Noa livin soul a'top o't earth Wor tried
as ah've been tried, PRESTON Poems, &-*c. ( 1864) 6 ; w.Yks.2 Lan.1
Aw took him straight a-top o' th' yed wi't— sich a cleawt, WAUGII
OwdBI. i 1867; iii. Chs.1 He's a-top o' th' stack. A woman who
had lent her savings to the trustees ofa Wesleyan chapel said, ' I've
got all my money a-top ofa chapel.' s.Chs.' Get atop o' th' banks
[hay-loft] Stf.2 Just chuck this timber atop o' th' ruck owt o' th'
road. War. (J.R.W.) ; War.2 Wor. Ketchin' that cowld atop of
the t'other (H.K.X se.Wor.1 Shr.1 I've bin lookin' that cork-screw
up an' down, an' fund it atopo'the cubbert shilf after all: Shr.2 One
atop o' the tother. s.Oxf. ' Why, if there ain't the letter stickin'
atop of your 'ed ! ' cried Rosamond, ROSEMARY Chilterns (1895) 107.
Brks.1 Get atop o' the taayble. e.An.1 I saw Mr. Brown a'top of
his new horse yesterday. Som. Leanen' his two brown arms
atop o' our low stone wall, LEITH Lemon Verbena i 1895 1 6r.
(b) Atop on, upon, on the top of.
Nhb.1 Atopon an aad hoose. n.Yks.2, e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Sa munot
lig atop on am(J.\Y.). n.Lin.1 Glo. I've a-heard folks say as it's a
fine place when you be atop on't. BUCKMAN Darhis Sojourn (1890
179.
ATOUR, see At-ower.
ATOWARDS, prep. Yks. Lan. Also written atort
ne.Lan.1 [atotradz, ata'dz.]
1. Towards, in the direction of.
e.Yks. Bob wer ower anenst Cross Keys gannin atowads chotch
when ah seed him (J.N.) ; e.Yks.1 He was gannin atowards Hull,
MS. add. (T.H.) ne.Lan.1
2. In aid of, in contribution to.
e.Yks. He ga' ma fahve shillins atowads beeldin' a new pig-
stye (J.N.) ; e.Yks.1 He ga ma a pund atowards a new 'oss, MS.
add. (T.H.) w.Yks. I [he] ga ma sumat atadz it (J.W.).
3. Approaching to, close upon.
e.Yks.1 Awd man's gannin atowards a hundhad, MS. add.
(T.H.)
[A /+ towards.]
AT-OWER, prep, and adv. phr. Sc. n.Cy. Yks. Also
written atour, attour, attowre Sc. [atoar.J
1. prep. Of position or motion : across, over, out-over.
See also Out-ower.
Sc. Syne he has gane far hynd attowre Lord Chattan's land sae
wyde, RAMSAY Tea-Table Misc. (1724) I. 228, ed. 1871 ; Wi' un-
kempt hair, grey, rank, and weedy, That 'neath a croonless hat
waved reedy Atour his shouthers, ALLAN Lilts (1874) 2. Frf. It's
weel worth yer while to ging atower to the T'nowhead an' see,
BARRIE Lie/it ^1888) 164. e.Lth. It took him a fortnicht afore he
was able to win atour the bed, HUNTER/. Inwick 1^1895) 241. Edb.
Or spend a nicht attour thebrod [draughtboard] Or in some howff,
M°LAREN Poems (1892) ; Gin ye dinna stop greeting this meenit I'll
come attour ye wi' the tawse [strap] (J.W.M.). Slk. The plaid was
atower ma shouthers, CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) IV. 60.
n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.)
2. In spite of.
Rnf. I'll do this attour ye (JAM.). Slk. I'll do it atower ye
(H.C.).
3. adv. Of quantity, degree : over and above, beyond,
besides.
Sc. An' mair attour, I didna care to bachle my new sheen,
FORBES/>-«. (1742) 16. n.Yks.2 I had rather pay at-ower than at-
under [pay above my debt than not pay at all].
4. Of place : at a distance, away.
Sc. Lat's rive their thirlbans syndry, an' fling atowre their tows
frae us ! WADDELL Ps. (1891) ii. 3 ; To stand attour, to keep off;
to go attour, to remove to some distance (JAM.).
5. In phr. by and at-ower, over and above, into the
bargain.
Sc. Both Aberdeens were ordained to furnish out (by and attour
the footmen) the furniture of six rick-masters, SFALDING Hist. (1792,
I. 230 (JAM.) ; She is ... younger than the like o' me, — bye
and attour her gentle havings, SCOTT Redg. (1824*1 x". Lnk. By and
attour, ten lambs at spaining-time, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. ( 1 725) 65,
ed. 1783.
[1. And he him-selff atour the lave, BARBOUR Bruce, 11.
368 ; To the castell he can hym hy, And clam out-our the
vail of stane, ib. ix. 316 ; Out-ouer bat well ban lokes he,
Cursor M. 1319. 2. How the Pechtis crownit ane king
attouir forbidding, STEWART Cron. Scot. (1535) II. 12
(N.E.D.). At- (the unstressed form of out) + over.~\
ATRY, see Attery.
ATSELF, adv. Irel. Also written aself. [atse'lf,
ase-lf.|
1. Actually, really.
Ir. If you don't hit him atself, V.OVT.R Handy Andy (1843%
2. Merely, even, only so much as.
Ir. It's a good thing to have a pound a month aself (A.S.P. :
A guest declines some cold beef. His host presses him to sonn-
lighter fare. • Take some apple-pie aself,' i. e. at all events take
that, if nothing else. A farmer's daughter expresses a hankering
for a pair of silk stockings : her mother ridicules her with, ' Silk
stockings, aself! ' If I had it [a new dress] aself I wouldn't wear
it at the Smiths', N. & Q. (1885) 6th S. xii. 513. Tyr., Arm.
Well, it's a pity he can't read atself (D.A.S.).
[A/self is a pron. of itself. The word is used to imply
(i) the thing 'itself; the very actual or real thing;
hence, as adv. 'actually, really' ; (2) the thing 'by itself,'
i.e. taken alone, the mere thing ; hence, as adv. ' merely,
even, only-so-much-as ' (D.A.S.).]
ATSET, Sh.I. [atse't.] The turn of the tide, when tlic
ebb begins.
S. & Ork.1
ATSTEAD, advb. phr. w.Yks. [at-stia'd.] Instead.
w.Yks. Ah've corned atsteead o' mi fadher (J.R.) i Atsteead a
bein' t'cart it mud ha' been t'donkey, BINNS Orig. (1889) i. 4.
[At+stead (OE. stede, place).]
ATTACH, v. Hit. [atae-tj.] To be subject to.
Hrt. My husband has been attached to rheumatics from his
youth (H.G.).
[I ... am my self attach'd with weariness, SHAKS. Temp.
m. iii. 5. Fr. attacher, to tye, fasten, bind, COTGR.]
ATTACK, v. Hrf. [atae-k.] To undertake.
Hrf.1 I mean to attack the journey.
ATTACT, sb. and v. Nhb. Lin. War. Wor. Ess. Som.
Dev. Dial, pronunc. of attack.
1. sb.
nXin.1 Oor squire's hed a bad attact o' asmy ; I thoht he'd ha'
deed. Ess. He'd ov the gullion [colic] an attact, CLARK/. Noakes
(18391 27 ; Ess.1
2. v. Esp. used in past tense and pp.
Nhb.1 Attackted is very commonly used in Newcastle. n.Lin.1
He attackted him like a wild fella'. War. (J.R.W.), se.Wor.1
w.Som.1 Used by the uneducated above the lowest class, such
as small tradespeople. If you plaise, sir, I must ax you vor
to keep thick dog a-tied up ; he attackted me wilful, gwain on the
road. Dev. Reports Provinc. (1885) 87.
ATTEAL DUCK, sb. Or.I. Also written attUe.
The Pochard, Fuligula ferina.
Or.I. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 160. S. & Ork.1
ATTER, sb. Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs. e.An. Sus. [a'tar,
a-ta(r).]
1. Obs. ? Poison, venom.
Cld. (JAM. Suppl.), Lan.1, Chs.12
2. Morbid matter from an ulcer or wound ; proud flesh.
Abd. Attir (JAM.). n.Yks.1 Whyah , Willy's han's brussen then '!
— Ay, an' a strange vast o' bloody atter's coomed frae it ; n.Yks.2,
ne.Yks.1 e.An.1 s.Cy. RAY (1691). Sus. Attar [is] corruption
ofa sore or wound (K.).
3. Epithelium produced on the tongue, in cases of fever, &c.
n.Yks.1 Mally's varrey dowly teday ; her tongue's a' covered
ower wiv a thick white alter ; n.Yks.2, Nrf.1
Hence Attered, adj. Of the tongue : furred.
m-Yks.1
4. A scab, a dry sore.
n.Yks. His head is all in a alter (I.W,).
Comp. Atter-scar.
n.Yks.2 Atler-scar, the place of an old sore with an occasional
exudation or discharge.
[1. And alle the other ther it lyth, enuenymeth thorgh his
attere, P. Plowman (B.) xii. 256; Neddren beore¥ alter
under heore tunge, Horn. (c. 1250) 51. 2. Alter, corrupt
matter, gore, snot, BAILEY (1721) ; Alter, vox agro Lin-
colniensi usitatissima, pus, sanies, SKINNER (1671) Cc 2 ;
Attyr, fylthe, sanies, Prompt. OE. at/or, ator, poison,
venom, cp. G. eiter.]
ATTER, v. Yks. Lan.
1. To venom, sting.
Lan. Said ofa toad, and ofa fish called bull-Joan or bull-head,
Manch. City News (Apr. 25, 1896;.
ATTER
ATTWOOD
2. To discharge, as a sore; hence to clot, to curdle, to cake.
See also Hatter.
n.Yks.2 It atter'd weel. Our cream's all atter'd. Also, as the
flesh is scabbed or mattered. Lan.1 He's fair attert wi' dirt.
[Same as alter, sb. (q.v.).l
ATTER, see Hatter Natter.
ATTER-CLAP, see After-clap.
ATTERCOP, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Also Wil. Also in the forms attercap N.I.1; atter-
cob N.'Cy.1 Wm.1 n.Yks.2 Lan.1 ne.Lan.1 Chs.12 ; attercrop
c.Lan.1 m.Lan.1 ; aftercrop e. Lan.1 ; nattercop ne.Lan.1 ;
eddercrop Lan.1 ; edthercrop Lan.1 ; ettercap, ethercap
Sc. ; ottercop Nhb.1 [Sc. a-tar-, e'tar-cop ; a-ts-cop.]
1. A spider ; henceyfrg-. a small, insignificant person.
Sc. As haul' as ony ettercap, FORBES Jrn. (1742) 14. Or.I.
Ettercap (S.A.S.). Wxf.1 n.Cy. Attercob, the venomous spider.
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Cum. LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 296.
Wm.1 n.Yks.12 Obsol. ne.Yks.1 w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Caves
(1781); Who's going to stop me? Not a hatter-cropper
like thee ! WESTALL Birch Dene (1889) II. 28. Lan. Ettercrops,
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; No moore nur e they'd bin us
mony eddicrops, Eggshibishun (1856) 24 ; Aw met weel foind o'
eddercrop creepin' o' mi cwoats, SCHOLES Tim Gamwattle (1857
15 ; Iv E'd bin o greyte eddycrop hoo cudn't o bin moore taen on,
ORMEROD Felley fro Rachde (1864) ii ; Lan.1 Th' wimmen lace
thersels up so, they look like attercops. Th' edges are full o'
edthercrop neesus [nests] ; ne.Lan.1, e.Lan.1 ; m.Lan.1 One o'th'
kings o' Scotland, when i' prison, were wonst watchin' a atter-
crop as were i' th' same cell. Chs.1 2, Wil.1
2. A spider's web.
N.Cy.12, Nhb.1, Cum. K. , Cum.' w.Yks.1 Her hair au full
of attercops, ii. 288. Lan.1 Th' blackberries wur o' covered wi'
attercobs.
Hence Attercop-web, a spider's web.
Wm. The trust of the evil-doer shall be an attercob-web, HUTTON
limn New Wark (1785) 1. 392. n.Lan. oz drai az an atarkopweb
(W.S.).
3. The ant.
Sc. 1 know the ant as the ettercap. A nest o' ettercaps (G.W.\
4. Fig. An ill-natured, petulant, malignant, captious
person.
Sc. A fiery etter-cap, a fractious chiel, As het as ginger, and as
stieveas steel, SCOTT Waverley (1814) Ixiv ; Never an auld carle
but was a bit o' a ettercoup, ROY Horseman (1895^1 xxi. Sh.I.
Coll. L.L.B.) Per. Gin a' hed imagined what the ettercap wes
aifter, a' wud hae seen ma feet in the fire afore they carried
me tae the Free Kirk that nicht, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush (1894,
215; He's juist an ettercap, ib. Auld Lang Syne (1895) 319. Ayr.
But that ettercap. . . is flying through the town. GALT Legatees
(1830) vi. Lnk. It's dafter like to thole An ethercap like him
to blaw the coal, RAMSAY Gentle Shcp. (1725) 86, ed. 1783. N.I.1
Ya cross attercap, ya. Ant. Yon crabbed attercap, Ballymena
Obs. (1892). N.Cy.1 F-dder-cap, a shrewish woman. ne.Lan.1
Natter-crop, a peevish person.
[1. The webbis of an attercop, WYCLIF (1382) Isa. lix.
5; Attercoppe and fule vlije, Owl &• N. (c. 1225) 600. 2.
Addircop or a spinners web, amignee, PALSGR. 4. Thow
irefull attircop, Pilate, apostata, KENNEDIE Flyting (c. 1505)
523 (N.E.D.). OE. attorcoppe, a spider, from ator (attor),
poison, see Atter, 1. For coppe cp. kop in Flem. spitme-
kop, spider (SCHUERMANS).]
ATTERIL, sb. Irel. Yks. Also written atheril,
attheril e.Yks. ; attril w.Yks.2 ; ottrel w.Yks.2 ; hatterel
1. Poisonous matter from an ulcer or wound.
n.Yks.12 A thick yellow atteril. ne.Yks.1 Mi mooth's all iv a
atteril. e.Yks. (H.E.W.) ; e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1
2. A scar or cicatrix with a rough surface ; an eruption.
Sec also Hatterel.
N.I.1 He's all in a hatterel. w.Yks.2 A man with a pimpled face
from drinking is said to have his face ' all in a ottrel.'
3. A shapeless, dirty, or entangled mass ; a complete
wreck.
e.Yks. Poor fellow ! he was smaslit all tiv [to] a atheril,
XICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889 50; e.Yks.1 w.Yks.2 'It wur all
in a attril.' said of clover growing in a thick mass, entangled
together, anrl not uniformly as it should. The fleeces of wool in
scabbed shuep are said to be ' all of a attril.'
ATTERING, ppl. adj. Lan. [a-tarin.] Poisonous.
Lan.1
[On face and hondis thei had gret navies And grette
homes and atteryng taylys, Visions of Tundale (c. 1440),
ed. TURNBULL ( 1843) 6. Altering, prp. of alter, vb. (q.v. ).]
ATTERMITE, sb. Obsol. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lin.
Also in form attramite Lin. [a-tar-mait, a'ta-mait.]
1. A venomous fly much used in fishing.
Wm.1 A'll gie tha a handful o' attermites aback o' thi neck !
2. Fig. An ill-tempered, spiteful person.
Cum. LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 296. w.Yks.1 Lin. Your ears
are dinned, where'er you budge, Wi' little attramites o' bairns,
BROWN Lit. Laur. (1890) 56.
3. One who resembles his parents.
Wm.1 A chip of the old block, or, in the words of my informant,
' a lad as is up to o' maks o' tricks like his fadder afore em," or
' a lass as lies seeam weaas es her mudder.'
[1. Prob. a comp. of alter (poison) +mite (the insect).
See Attercop.]
ATTERN, adj. Lan. Glo. [a'tan, ae-tan.] Venomous.
Of persons: cruel, fierce ; ill-natured.
Glo. GROSE (1790) ; Glo.1
Hence Attern-temper, an irritating, malignant temper.
Lan. People often call a bad temper an ' attern-temper,' GASKELL
Lectures Dial. (1854) 30.
[He burh atterne drench dae'S seal ibolien, LA^AMON,
16084. OE. (eltren, cetren, venomous, der. of attor, ator.
See Atter, sb.]
ATTER-PILE, sb. Obs. Lan. A small fish with
venomous spines.
ne.Lan.1
[A comp. of Atter, sb. For -pile cp. ME. pll in ilespll,
the quill or dart of a hedgehog ; also, the hedgehog, sec
STRATMANN (s.v. f/).]
ATTERY, adj. Sc. Yks. Glo. e.An. Hmp. Wil. Also
written atry Sc. [a'tri, se'tari.]
1. Purulent, used with reference to a sore.
Sc. Atry, attrie. applied to a sore that is cankered (JAM.). n.Yks.2,
e.An.1
2. Of persons : irritable, fretful, grim, ill-tempered.
Cai. An atrie wamblin [misgrown child] (JAM.). Abd. Wi' atry
face he eyed The Trojan shore. FORBES Ajax(i-j^a] 3; Black hairy
warts about an inch between O'erran her atry phiz beneath her
een, Ross Helenore ,1768) 165. Glo. Ofo. SMYTH Lives Berkeley.-*
(ed. 1885) III. 24. e.An. HOLI.OWAY. Hmp.1 Unknown in n.Hmp.
Wil.1
[ME. attry (CHAUCER), attri^ (Ornniluin), OE. cettrig
(Leechdoms), venomous, poisonous. Alter, sb. (q.v.)-t-v
(OE. ig).]
AT THAT HOW, adv. phr. Lin. In that way.
sw.Lin.1 She was born at that how.
AT THIS HOW, adv. phr. Lin. In this way.
sw.Lin.1 If the weather holds at this how. Why, you see,
Sir, it's at this how.
ATTICE, sb. Som. A carpenter's tool ; an adze
( HALL.). Unknown to our correspondents.
ATTILE-DUCK, see Atteal Duck.
ATTIVILTS, sb. Sh.I. [a-tivilts.] Land which has
been worked after lying one year lea.
Sh.I. This rig is attivilts and that one lea K.I.). S. ft Ork.1
[Norw. dial, atti, again +feld (fellt), adapted, adjusted
(AASEN).]
ATTLE, sb.1 Cor. Also written attal, addal, addle,
Cor.12 atal. [ae'tl.] Rubbish thrown out from a mine;
refuse, deads.
Cor. (K.) ; Or cover't ovver 'pon the stull With attle 'tel the
plaace es full, TREGELLAS Talcs (1860) 57, ed. 1865 ; Cor.1 The
Cornish tinner, in Carew's time, called the heaps of abandoned
tin works Attal Sarazin, which he translates, ' The Jewes offcast,"
Survey ofCoi: (ed. 1769 8; Cor.2
ATTLE, see Ettle.
ATTOCK, see Hattock.
ATTOUR, ATTOWRE, see At-ower.
ATTWOOD, sb. War. [se-twud.] A foolish fellow,
stupid person.
War. NORTHALL Flk-l'lir. ,1894 ; War.2; War.3 Probably a name
of notoriety about 1830, when Thos. Attwood was threatening to
N 2
AT-UNDER
[92!
ATWIXT
march on London with Birmingham reformers, and that the pay-
ment of taxes would be refused.
AT-UNDER, adv. phr. [at-u-nda(r).] Yks. In subjec-
tion, under control.
n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 They mun be kept at-under. e.Yks.1 Shoo mur
keep him at undher, MS. add. (T.H.) m.Yks.1
ATWEE, ATWEEA, see A-two.
ATWEEL, adv. Sc. Irel. [atwi-1.] Truly, indeed,
assuredly, of course.
Sc. Atweel I wad fain tell him it wad do him gude to put hand
to wark, SCOTT Antiquary (1816) xxxix ; Atweel it is my bukes.
Atweel it is my peat, CHAMBERS Rhymes (1870) 63 ; ' It should
soften a man instead o' harden him.' ' Atweel should it, gudeman,
said Mary, WHITEHEAD Daft Davie (1876) 23. Abd. Atweel
I danced wi' you on your birthday, Ross Helenore (1768) 19, ed.
1812 ; Wha yokes wi' you's a gowk, atweel ! He needs a lang
speen that sups wi' the deil, Guidman (1873) 40, ed. 1875. Lnk.
Hoo am I, say ye ? Atweel I canna complain, FRASER Whaups
(1895) i. Lth. Oh it's angersome, atweel, An' sune'll mak' me
gray, SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 24. Rxb. Our wa's atweel are
waff enough, RIDDELL Poet. Wks. (1871) II. 129. Ant. Atweel
you'l go tae the market the morn, Ballymena Obs. (1892).
[Atweel repr. (/) wat wed, I know well]
ATWEEN, prep. In gen. dial, use in Sc. Irel. Eng.
Also written atwin e.Yks.1 Suf.1 ; atweun, atwane Brks.1
[atwrn.]
1. Between, in its var. lit. meanings.
Sc. Auld shoon upon his feet were seen, That showed his taes
some rents atween, ALLAN Lilts (1874) 3. Frf. I saw him put up
his hand atween him and the Book, BARRIE Minister (1891) x.
Per. Na, na, the grass 'ill no grow on the road atween the college
and the schule-hoose, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush (1895) 17; That's
naething atween auld neeburs, ib. Auld Lang Sync (189$) 13. Ayr.
There's an unco odds atween being a slave and doing a service,
GALT Lairds (1826) xiv ; Hae had a bitter black out-cast Atween
themsel, BURNS Twa Herds (1785). Lnk. Atween you and me,
FRASER Whaups (1895) xii. e.Lth. Muckle may fa' atween the cap
an' the lip, HUNTER J. Inwick (1895) 127. Edb. There was nae ac-
quaintance atween them, SCOTT Midlothian (1818) iv. Slk. 'Tween
the gloamin' an' the mirk, When the kye comes hame. HOGG Sttg.
(1831) ; And aiblins atween a couple o' hams, CHR. NORTH Nodes
(ed. 1856) III. 3. Gall. There's naebody atween Tweed an' Tay can
come within a lang sea mile o' him, CROCKETT Stickit Min. ( 1893)
150. N.I.1, N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Aa've many a time seen her haddin her
heed atween her hands. Cum. Clwose atween my thoomb and
finger, RELPH Misc. Poems (1743) 23 ; The water it rins merrilie,
The grassy banks atween, BURN Poems (1885) 240; Cum.3 A big
beuk 'at Wiff niver so much as leukt atween t'backs on, 31. A
gay lang nwose 'at wasn't set varra fair atween t'e'en on him, i.
Wm. Atween tahan en t'udder, JACK ROBISON Aald Tales (1882^
3 ; Wm.1 Yks. Ah cann't think theer's onny mair than likin'
atweens [sic] yon lass an" George, MACQUOID D. Barugh (1877)
xxv ; There need be no difference atween us, BLACKMORE Mary
Anerley (1879) bk. n. vii. n.Yks. Ahnivver knew t'rooad atween
t'toon an" our house seea shooat . . . afooar, TWEDDELL Clevcl.
Rhymes (1875) 64. e.Yks. She put 'er heart atween t'bits o' brass,
WRAY Nestleton (1876) 250 ; e.Yks.1 w.Yks. It runs atween thee
and thy wits, Jabez Oliphant (1870) bk. i. ii ; w.Yks.1 Lan. Aw've
manny a toime bin i' justsich a ' strait atween two,' BANKS Manch.
Man (1876) xvii. ne.Lan. There's naught ever come atween thec
and me, MATHER 7rfyWs( 1895) 261. Lan.1, Chs.1, Stf.1, Not.1 n.Lin.
Common sense enif atwean 'em boath to fill my owd brass thimble.
PEACOCK Taales (1889) 9; nXin.1, Lei.1, Nhp.1, War.23. s.War.1
w.Wor. Git her in atween us, S. BEAUCHAMP A^. Hamilton (1875)
I. 282. Shr.1 Glo. There have been a continual difference atween
'em ever since, GISSING Vill. Hampden (1890) II. v ; Where maistcr
and men doan't quite manage to hit it off atween 'em, BUCKMAN
Darke's Sojourn (1890) 73. Brks. Thers a sight o' odds atween
whoam-made troubles and thaay as the Lord sends, HUGHES
T. Brown Oxf. (1861) xxxii ; Brks.1 Thaay haaved [halved] the
apples atwe-un urn. e.An.1 Nrf. Little bits 'o bread with little
mites o' maat in atwaan 'em, SPILLING Giles's Trip (1872) 10. Suf.
Atwin, very common (F.H.) ; Suf.1 Sur.1 Anywhere atween the
two Michaelmases is a good time to get the wheat in. Sus.1
n.Wil. (E.H.G.) Som. There wadn't much t'choose a'tween us
for that, LEITH Lemon Verbena (1895) 98.
2. In phr. (i) Atween hands, at intervals, now and
again, in the meantime ; (2) — lights, the intervening
space between inhabited houses in Sh.L; (3)— times,
(4) — whiles, in the interim.
(i) Sc. And mony a sich atween hands I wat the lady gae, JAMIE-
SON Pop. Ballads (1806) 95. Ayr. Atween hands mak up the
balance-sheet, GALT Entail (1823) xxiii. Nhb. Aye atween hands
raisin'aqueerunyirthlycry, RICHARDSON Borderers Table-bk. (1846)
VII. 137. (2) S.&Ork.1 (3) Frf. I could bide straucht atween times,
BARRIE 'Minister ( 1891) iv. (4) Gall. I wasdrunk every Monday nicht,
an' that often atweenwhiles that it fair bate me to tell when ae
spree finished an' the next began, CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (1895) 410.
Cum.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks.5 Brekfast at eight, dinner at twelve, an'
plenty to heit atweenwhiles. n.Lin.1 I hev' to be at Gaainsb'r i'
th' mornin', an' at Ketton at neet,'bud I shall'staay a bit at Blyton
atweanwhiles. Brks.1 1 never smokes my pipe when I be at work,
but hevs a bit o' baccy zometimes atwe-un whiles.
[Had he not . . . thrown his shield atween, she had him
done to rew, SPENSER F. Q. v. xi. 30. A-, on + (ween (in
lit. E. be-tween).]
AT WEESH, prep. Sc. Also written atweese, 'tweesh,
aqueesh ; acqueesh BURNS, [atwrj.]
1. Between.
Sc. Glowring atweese her and the sky, BEATTIES Parings (1801)
25. Abd. And 'tweesh them twa she liv'd a happy life, Ross
Helenore (1768) 140, ed. 1812 ; A langairm was raxt owre atweesh
the shouders o' twa or three, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xviii ;
Atweesh themselves they best can ease their pain, SHIRREFS Poems
(1790) 33. Ayr. The deil-sticket a five gallopers acqueesh Clyde
and Whithorn could cast saut on her tail, BURNS Lett, to Mr. W.
Nicol (June I, 1787).
2. In phr. atweesh and atween, only indifferently well in
respect of health.
Abd. How are ye the day ? — Only atweesh and atween (JAM.).
[A-, on + tweesh, q.v. See Betweesh. Atweesh is a n.
form of Atwixt.]
ATWINE, adv. Wm. [atwai'n.] Twisted, askew,
awry, zig-zag.
Wm. A road that winds up a hillside is said to be atwine ;
a horse that takes its load from side to side instead of going straight
up a steep hill goes up atwine ; a necktie on one side of its proper
place is all atwine (B.K.) ; Wm.1 T'string's gitten au atwine an
ankled. T'stee's au atwine [the ladder is all twisted].
[A-, on + twine (to twist).]
ATWIST, adv. Yks. Lin. Brks. Som. [atwi'st.]
1. Twisted, awry, tangled.
e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.) Brks.1 w.Som.1 Thick there bisgy
stick's a put in all atvvist [uteos', utwiis'] — id'n no form nor farshin
in un.
2. At cross purposes, at strife.
n.Yks.2 e.Yks.1 Jack and me's rayther atwist, MS. add. (T.H.)
n.Lin.1 Squire Heala an' him got atwist su'mats aboot Ran Dyke !
A-, on + twist, vb.J
ATWIXT, prep, and adv. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Der. Not. Lin. Lei. War. Wor. Shr. Brks. e.An. Sur. Sus.
Wil. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written atwist n.Lin.1 ;
atwix Nhb.1 [aetwi'kst, n.Lin. atwrst, w.Som. atwi-ks.]
1. prep. Between.
Yks. We'd a famous scheme atwixt us, BARING-GOULD Pennycqks.
,1870) 144 ed. 1890. n.Yks. Pinned oop atwixt her knees, MUNBY
Verses (1865) 55 ; n.Yks.2 e.Yks. The things fullockt aboot bahn
fleear, undher tecable an atwixt thrussle legs, NICHOLSON Flk-
Sp. (1889) 34; e.Yks.1 Lan.1 He geet atwixt t'wheels ; ne.Lan.1,
Chs.1 Der. I dunna know the rights o' all that coil atwixt him
and old German, VERNEY Stone Edge (1868) viii. Not.1 n.Lin.
Atwixt her faacc an' pilla', PEACOCK Taales (1889) 86; A-tryin' to
strighten things atwixt 'em, ib. 15; n.Lin.1, Lei.1, War.3 w.Wor.
Atwixt the quarry and the church, S. BEAUCHAMP A'. Hamilton
(1875) I. 3. Shr.1 The poor chap got jammed atwixt the waggons.
Brks. They be both middling good. There aint much odds atwixt
'em, HUGHES T. Brown Oxf. (1861) xxxvi ; Brks.1 He was caught
atwixt the ge-ut an' the ge-ut-pwo-asL Suf.1, Sur.1, Sus.1 n. Wil.
A shull loy ael night atwixt my breastes, KITE Sng. Sol. (1860) i. 13.
Som. Atwixt the two forrels of the hymn-book, RAYMOND Love and
Quiet Life (1894) 109. w.Som.1 Didn Jimmy Zalter look purty
then, way the darbies on, atwixt two policemen ? Dev. Jist take a
pinch between yer vinger an' thumb there, jist atwixt tha eyes
aw'n, an' gie un a jit upwards, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 92.
2. prep, and adv. In phr. atwixt and atween, (i) between,
betwixt ; (2) in an intermediate condition ; (3) shuffling,
full of excuses.
(r) Sc. GROSE (1790" MS. add. (C.) Nhb.1 He was atwix an
atween the twee. e.An.1 A common expression, (a) n.Yks.2 1 feel
ATWO
[93]
AUGHT
nobbut atwixt an atween [only in a middling way, or not very
well]. n.Lin.1 It was nohtto speak on, nayther good nor bad, just
atwixt an' atwean. Cor.1 ' Neither the highest nor lowest ; but
atwixt and atween,' says Bucca. (3) n.Lin.1 He's alus atwixt and
atween, soa I can't get the reight end o' noht.
[A-twyxyn (atwyxt, Pynson), inter, Prompt.; Gret love
was atwixe hem two, CHAUCER R. Rose, 854. A-, on +
hvixt; see Betwixt. Cp. Atweesh.]
ATWO, adv. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Not. Lin.
Lei. Nhp. War. Won Shr. Oxf. Brks. Ess. Hmp. Wil.
Also written atow N.Cy.1; atwee N.Cy.1 Nhb.1; atweea
n.Yks.2 ; atweah Dur.* In two, as in phr. a-two in the
middle.
Cld. Atwa (JAM.). Nhb. Enough to rive atwee the heart, WILSON
Pitman's Pay (1843) 24 ; Nhb.1 Wey, it com atwo i' me hand, man.
Dur. We cannot git it here, withoot cutt'n'd atwee, EGGLESTONE
Betty Podkins' Lett. (1877) J4 '. Dur-1 Brak't atweah. Cum. The
parent's heart atwee, GILPIN Ballads (1874) 191. n-Yks.2 ne.Lan.1,
Not.1 nXin.1 I'm sewer I didn't break missis's cheany bowl ; it caame
a'two 'e my hand. Lei.1 Please,' m, it com a-two. Nhp.1 2. War.2 3,
se.Wor.1 Shr.1 The jug fell a two jest as I wuz 'angin' it up.
Oxf.1 If dhee biginst' en • i u dhuuy eg-urivaitin waiz yuur, uuyl kut
dhii klain u too in dhu mid'l [If thee beginst any o' thy eggere-
vatin' ways yer, I'll cut tha clane a-two in the middle]. Brks.1
Cut the taaytersatwo avoor 'e plaants 'um. Ess. A short saw and
long saw, to cut a too logs, TUSSER Husbandrie (1580) 36, st. 9.
Hmp.1 Wil. What be them bellises at? here they be slat a-two,
AKERMAN Tales (1853) 138.
[Quikliche cam a cacchepol, and craked a-two here
legges, P. Plowman (c.) xxi. 76. OE. on twa, into two
parts.]
AU, see Ea.
AU-, see Aw-.
AUCH, see Argh.
AUCHAN, sb. Sc. QAM.) Also written achan. A
species of pear.
Sc. Red pears. Achans, and Longavil. REID Sc. Gard'ner (1683)
88, s. v. Longueville ; The auchan sometimes receives the epithet
of grey or red ; it is an excellent pear, said to be of Scottish origin,
NEILL Hortic. Edin. Encycl. (1817) No. 113.
AUCHIMUTY, adj. Sc. (JAM.) Also written aughi-
muty. Mean, paltry.
Lth. An auchimuty body. •
{Aucht(aught), property, possession + mootie (niggardly),
q.v. For auch-= audit cp. auchlet. |
AUCHINDORAS, sb. Sc. (JAM.)
Fif. Auchindoras, a large thorn-tree at the end of a house.
AUCHLET, sb. Sc. A measure of meal.
Sc. The auchlet . . . contained two pounds more than the present
stone, Caledon. Merc. Nov. i, 1819 (JAM.) ; To Four Auchlet of
Ait Meal, 35. 4</., SCOTT Old Mart. (1829) Introd. Abd. (JAM.) Gall.
Auchlit, two stones' weight, or a peck measure, being half the
Kcb. bushel (ib.). Wgt. (ib.)
[Auchlet, der. of audit, eight, the measure being the
eighth part of a boll. The suff. -let is prob. for lot, a part ;
vp.firlot, the fourth part of a boll.]
AUCHT, see Aught, Owe.
AUCTION, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Also written
hoction w.Yks.5 ; oction Lan. [o'kfan.] A dirty or
untidy place, room ; a disorderly crowd.
w.Yks. Ah nivver seed sitch a auction i' all mi life as their hahse
is ; t'furnitur'sonnyvvheearbut whear it sud be, Leeds Merc. Suppl.
(June 13, 1891); w.Yks.8 Abart as scarce a material i' this here
hoction as a white crawah, 33. Lan. Very common. It were a
rare owd auction (R. P.) ; Hoo leet a scroid eawt on her ... an
hoo kept at it till aw wiir fain to clear that auction an' get eawt
o' th' heawse, LAHEE Traits (1887) n : Theaw gets a bit o' sun i'
this oction sometimes, aw reckon, BRIERLEY Irkdale (1865) 139.
Chs. It's the dirtiest auction I ever put my head in (E.M.G.) ; Chs.1
A dirty auction [a dirty, muddy place]. A rough auction [an unruly
crowd]. s.Chs.1 A dirty house might be described as a ' rough
auction ' or a ' pratty auction.' There's a pratty pautament o'
rubbitch to be wedden ait i' yander garden ; yo never seid sich a
auction. Stf.2 When oi got theer ur wtir duin ur spring cleenin
an a foine auction Cir'd gotten. Get ait o'th ocshun an' let me du it.
[The dial. mg. refers to the dirt and disorder occasioned
by a public sale or ' auction.']
AUD-, see Old-.
AUDACIOUS, adj. and adv. Not. Lin. Rut. Lei. War.
Hrf. e.An. Ken. Sus. Hmp. Wil. Som. Also in the
forms oudacious Not.1 Rut.1 Lei.1 War.3 e.An.1 Ken.
Sus.1; outdacious Lin. w.Som.1; owdacious sw.Lin.1
War. e.An.1 Hmp. WiL Som. ; outdacious Lin. e.An.1;
alldacious e.An.1 [pde'Jas, oude-Jas.] See 'Dacious.
1. adj. Impudent, shameless, incorrigible. Of things :
very bad, shocking.
Lin. Ya wouldn't find Charlie's likes — 'e were that outdacious
at 'oam, Not thaw ya went fur to raake out Hell wi" a small-tooth
coamb, TENNYSON Vill. Wife. sw.Lin.1 They' re such an owdacious
lot. Rut.1 Them oudacious boys ! War. (J.R.W.) Hrf.1 e.An.1 An
owdacious liar or scoundrel. ne.Ken. (H.M.) Wil. SLOW Gl.
(1892). Som. SWEETMAN IVincanton Gl. (1885"'. w.Som.1 1 sim 'tis
the outdaciousest weather we've a-zeed 'is purty while.
2. adv. Used intensively: exceedingly, uncommonly,
very.
Not.1 Lei.1 Oudacious coold it is, sure-loy ! War.3 Sus. (F.E.) ;
Sus.1 We doant want the rain too oudacious yeasty [s.v. Yeasty].
Hmp. I am not owdacious strong (T.L.O.D.).
AUDIE, see Noddy.
AUDOCITY, see Docity.
AUF, see Awf, Ought.
AUFFOL, see Offal.
AUGER, sb. Yks. Lin. [o-gs(r).] A three-pronged
instrument with serrated edges and a long shaft for
spearing eels.
e.Yks.1, nXin.1
[Contus, an algere. Fuscina, a hqke for fysshe, an algere,
Medulla (in Prompt. 186). OE. eel, ee\+gar, spear; cp.
Du. aalgeer, an eel-spear ; see DE VRIES.]
AUGHT, v. Sc. Also written aucht Abd. [axt.]
1. To own, possess.
Sc. I am answerable for her to those that aught her, SCOTT Bit.
Dwarf (1816) ix; It drives the poor man mad that aught it, ib.
Redg. (1824) i ; He that aughts the cow gaes nearest her tail,
HENDERSON Prov. (1832) 49. Abd. (JAM.)
2. To owe, to be indebted to.
Sc. We aught him the siller, and will pay him wi' our con-
venience, SCOTT Nigel (1822) v. Abd. Fat was auchtin you for fat
ye laid oot, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xlv.
[2. We remember quhat aythe we have maid to our
comoun-welthe, and how the dewtie we aucht to the sam
compellis us to cry out, KNOX Hist. 164 (JAM.).^ Formed
fr. aught, pret. of awe (to owe), OE. ahte, pret. of agan. See
Owe.]
AUGHT, pp. Sc. Yks. Written aucht Sc. ; owght
n.Yks.1 Possessed of.
Sc. Quheae's auwcht that doag ? Quheae was auwcht the syllcr
'at ye fand ? Quheae'll bey auwcht them a hunder yeiraefter thys,
MURRAY Dial. (1873) 193. Abd. Faa's aicht that, ib. 193. Ayr.
Whase aught thae chiels maks a' this bustle here ? BURNS Prologue
(1790). Lnk. ' Will ye daur to threep a lee doon my very throat?'
says I. ' Wha's aucht that? ' FRASER Whaups (1895) xiii. e.Lth.
The haill question cam to be Wha's aucht the siller? HUNTER
J. Inwick (1895) 163. Gall. Let me see wha's aucht the sheet,
CROCKETT Moss Hags (1895) x. n.Yks.1 Wheea's owght thae
beeas? Wheea's owght yon cauf?
[This is a late constr., and a new gram, use of aught.
Aught as a pret. is common. See Awe, Owe. It can
only be used with the interrogative and relative, and some
indefinite pronouns.]
AUGHT, sb.1 Sc. Irel. Also written aucht JAM.;
acht S. & Ork.1 ; aght Irel. [axt.]
1. Property, possession.
Sc. The old Lord was the surest gear in their aught, SCOTT Q.
Dm ward (1823) vii ; The auld dog maun die in somebody's aught,
RAMSAY Prov. (1737) ; Better saught wi' little aught than care wi'
mony cows, HENDERSON Prov. (1832*1 49 ; The Kelpy's putten't by
bein' mistaen whose aught she's intil, ROY Horseman (1895)
I haif na a bawbee in aw my aucht (JAM.). S. & Ork.1 Abd.
The best fairm i' the leird's aucht, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871)
x. Ayr. A new lack of the warst land in the town's aught, GALT
Provost (1822) vii.
2. Applied to persons, often contemptuously.
Sc. Bad aught, applied to an obstinate ill-conditioned child (J AM..L
Abd. Ay auntie, gin ye kent the bonny aughtl 'Tis true, she had of
AUGHT
[941
AULD
warld's gear a fraught, Ross Helenore 1,1768) 36, ed. 1813. Ant.
You're a dirty aght. Begone, you aght you, Ballymena Obs. (1892*1.
[Bitwene his childre he delt his aujt, Cursor M. (c. 1300)
3395 ; We hauen . . . gold and siluer, and michel auchte.
Havelok (c. 1280) 1223. Cp. OE. agan, to own, possess.]
AUGHT, sb.2 Sc. Sus. [axt, ot.] Duty, place,
office.
Ayr. It's far frae my aught to say, but I hae a notion they're no
overly pleased about something, GALT Sir Andrew (1829) xcviii.
Sus.1 I'd no ought to have said what I did [s.v. Unaccountable].
[A sbl. use of ought (pret. of owe). ' My aught' = What
I ought (to do).]
AUGHT, pron., sb.3, adj. and adv. Sc. Irel. and all the
n. counties to Chs. Stf. Not. Lin. Also in Rut. War. GIo.
Suf. Dor. Som. Dev. Also written aucht Abd. ; ought
Nhb. n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1 w.Yks.4; owt N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Cum.3
Wm. n.Yks.12 e.Yks.1 w.Yks.233 Lan.1 e.Lan.1 m.Lan.1 Chs.1
Stf. Not.1 Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 Rut.1 Glo. ; owte Cum. Lan.;
owght n.Yks.1 ; out n.Cy. Wm. w.Yks.1 ; oat Not. Lin.1 ;
oht n.Lin.1; ort War. Dor. w.Som.1 nw.Dev.1; owse
Nhb.1 [§t, out.]
1. pron. Anything ; any conceivable quantity ; any-
thing of worth or value ; in phr. or aught it is sometimes
redundant.
Abd. Nedder aucht nor ocht [one thing nor another], ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb(i8-]i) vi. Wxf.1 Geeth hea [doth he get] aught? n.Cy.
A man may spend and a man may lend And always have a friend If
his wife be aught, Denham Tractsied. 1895)!!. 37; N.Cy.1 Nhb.Wi'
hearts, poor things, it now was clear, Ower full by far owse [owt, ed.
1843] much to say, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1829; pt. iii. st. 62 ; Hae
yeseen owto'.him 'it maw sowl luves? ROBSON Sitg. Sol. (1859) iii. 3 ;
Nhb.1 If ye de owse mair ye'll spoil'd. They niwer i' thor lives gat
owse better. Cum. If he stop here owts [i.e. owt as is] lang he'll
mak tudder fellas as bad as his-sel, SARGissoN/of5coa/>(i88i) an.
Wm.Theears fourteen barns i't'hoose, mare or less, if owt (E.W.P. .
n.Yks.1 He's up tiv owght. Mair by ought. n.Yks.2 He's either
ought or nought [he follows no particular calling or profession].
It's owther ought or nought [it's a mere trifle]. ne.Yks.1 A'e ya
seed owt of oor Dick ? e.Yks.1, m.Yks.' w.Yks. Folk ses owt
when ther i' drink, HOWSON Cur. Craven (1850) 116 ; Owt i' t'pot
line, think ye? (F.P.T.); w.Yks.1 How isto?— Deftly asout; w.Yks.2;
w.Yks.3 Afore owt's so long [before long] ; w.Yks.5 Some fowks
al saay owt bud ther prayers, an' them they whistle, 108. Lan.
To mitch of owt's good for nowt, TIM BOBBIN View Dial. (1746)
8, ed. 1806 ; Hadna aw bin kirsened Simon, aw moight ha' bin
a cobbler, or a whitster, or a wayver, or owt else, BANKS Maitcli.
Man (1876) iii ; Ah ne'er see nocht like it ! this gerse is as toch
as ocht! (F.P.T.) ; Lan.1 A laconic morning colloquy in the Oldham
district is: Mornin' [good morning]. — Mornin' [the reply]. Owt? [is
there anything new ?] — Nowt [not anything]. Mornin' [the fare-
well].-Mornin' [the reply]. e.Lan.1, m.Lan.1 Chs.1 Han you
getten owt? Stf. Owt to better mysen, SAUNDERS Diamonds
1,1888) 29. s.Not. Not as it's oat to me. but a thrupcnny tram
fare, PRIOR Rente ^1895 250. Not.1 Lin. Woa then, wiltha ?
dangtha ! — the bees is as fell as owt, TENNYSON N. Fanner,
New Style (1870) st. 10 ; Lin.1 n-Lin.1 When ther's oht, it maks
noht, an' when it maks oht, ther's noht [when there arc good
crops, prices are low, and when prices are high there is nothing
to sell]. Thoo'd better do oht then noht. sw.Lin.1 They let him
down [into his grave] as nice as owt. I'll stick to it, whether I've
owt to yfiat or nowt. Rut.1 1 don't owe owt. War. (J.R.W.)
Glo. I'll jist step down thur a bit an' see if I can yere owt, BUCK-
MAN Darkc's Sojourn 1,1890 , x. w.Dor. ROBERTS Hist. Lyme Kegis
home]. . „..
anybody was a forced to go, or ort, when they 'ad'n a-got no money
or ort. n.Dev. Nif tha beest a zend to vield wi tha drenking or ort,
Exm. Scold. 1 1746; 1. 197 ; And zo tha merst by ort es know, ib
1. 10. nw.Dev.1
2. Everything.
Chs.1 It caps [exceeds] owt. Lin. ' That caps owt,' says Sally,
an saw she begins to cry, TENNYSON N. Cobbler.
3. sb.3 Of aught, of importance or consequence (JAM.).
Ayr. A quiet succession of small incidents, though they were all
severally ot aught somewhere, Ann. Prsh. Dalmailine (i83t, 200
4. ad). Any.
SU-'uXer b"y °Ught such thi"8s as you have ^C.G.B.V, <
. H,j
5. adv. At all, 'anything like,' in any degree, to any
extent ; also in phr. (i) aught bit like, in a tolerable state ;
(2) aught-likt, anything approaching to suitability or fit-
ness, satisfactory, favourable ; cf. nought-like.
Cum.3 He ola's speaks that way when we're owte sa thrang
[busy], i. n.Yks. Diz t'almanac tell t'weather owt reel ? (I.W.) ;
n.Yks.1 If my knife prove ought sharp. Lan. One young lady uts
owt like yo', BRIERLEY Layrock (1864) viii ; Two leadd o' meeal
wos nin ooer Hie for owte like "a spot, R. PIKETAH Forness Fit.
(1870) 30. (i) w.Yks. An' just to keep it owt bit like He tew'd
aboon a bit. HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1871) 43. (aN. Cum.1 Ought-
like. n.Yks. (I.W.) ; n.Yks.2 Is she ought-like or nought-like?
[pretty or otherwise]. I'll come if t'weather be ought-like.
ne.Yks.1 Ah's nobbut badly yit, but ah'll gan if ah be owt leyke.
e.Yks.1 Owt-like, gen. used of the health, or weather. w.Yks.2 Do
you mean to sell that house? — Ah, mun, if t'price is owt like.
Lan.1 Is it owt-like of a job ? — Aye, it'll pay well enoof. e.Lan.1
Hence Aughtlins, adv. Usually written oughtlins,
see below. In any degree, in the least degree. Also used
as sb.
Ayr. The hizzies, if they're aughtlins fawsont, BURNS Address of
Beelzebub (1790") ; Ifhe was grown oughtlins douser, ib. in, Globe
ed. Lnk. But gin ye be nae warlock, how d'ye ken? DoesTamthe
Rhymer spae oughtlings of this ? RAMSAY Poems (1727) I. 53, ed.
1800 ; Had I been thowless, vext, or oughtlins sour, He wad
have made me blyth in half an hour, ib. II. 6 (JAM.).
AUGHT, sb* In gen. dial. use. [§t, out.] A cipher
in arithmetic.
n.Lin.1 A man doing an addition sum said, ' Ort an' ort's ort, an'
that's noht." ne.Wor. In reply to the reproof • You ought not to
do that,' a saucy child sometimes says ' Ought stands for nothing'
(J.W.P.). nw.Dev.1 Aughts and crosses.
[The same word as naught (nought), with loss of «-; cp.
adder, orange, onc/ie.]
AUGHT, see Owe.
AUGHTIKIN, sb. Obs. Sc. (JAM.) Also written
auchtigen. The eighth part of a barrel, or the half-firkin.
Abd.
[Aucht, eight + i+kin. For the suff. -kin in names of
measures cp. firkin, kilderkin.]
AUGHTS, pron. in pi. Cum. Wm. [outs.] Anything,
a considerable quantity, with of.
Cum. If you're owts of a droll, GILPIN Ballads (1866) 533;
Cum.1 Is't owts of a good an ? [a pretty good one]. This word is
commonly used as an interrogatory. Hes ta gitten owts o' fish
to-day ? — Nay, nowt 'at is owt [not many] ; Aughts o' clash en
reeane [showers and rain] (W.H.H.). Wm.1 Aughts o' brass.
AUGHTS, see Orts.
AUGUST-BUG, sb. Ken. [p-gast-bBg.] A beetle
somewhat smaller than the May-bug, or the July-bug or
cockchafer.
Ken. The term is used but very loosely, and I think no two
persons would agree upon a definition (P.M.); A large black
beetle appearing in August ^ D.W.I..) : Ken.1
AUK, sb. Or.I. The common Guillemot, Lomvia troile.
Or.I. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 318. S. & Ork.1
[ON. alka, the auk (Alca impennis).}
AUL, see Art.
AUL-, see Old-.
AULAVEER, adv. Wxf.1 Altogether.
AULD, adj. Sc. e.Cy.
1. Eldest.
SC.QAM. Sufpl.} Abd. Very rarely used (G.W.). Per. In these
parts an oldest son, daughter, brother, or sister is usually spoken
of as my auld son, daughter, brother, or sister: the 'auld son'
may be a child (<*.). Ayr. My auld son Charlie's a fine callan.
GALT Entail (1833) xii. Lnk. Auld is commonly used about Glasgow
in this sense (ib.'}.'
2. The first or best, a phr. used in games (HALL.).
e.An. That is the auld bowl. Nrf. Here, where the game of
bowls is much in favour, the term Aul' bowl, or bowl closest to
the 'jack,' is extremely common (H.C.-H.).
3. In phr. Auld Chiel, see Auld Thief; aul' day, the day
after a merry-making, when no work is done ; Auui
Hangie, Auld Smith, Auld Thief, jocular names for the
devil ; auld wife, auld woman, a revolving iron chimney-
pot.
AULD
L95l
ALINCEL
Per. The auld chiel' or the auld ane is a common name for
he devil (G.W.). Bnff.1 A met Mm o' the go ; he's haudin' the
aul" day. Ayr. Hear me, auld Hangie, for a wee, BURNS Address
thr Deil (1785). Abd. Tak' an order o' the auld smith, an
ye like, ALEXANDER Johnny Gilili (1871) 49. Sc. Their faces
were by this time flushed with shame, that they should be
thus cuffed about by the auld thief, as they styled him, Perils
of Men, III. 38 (JAM.). Auld wife is so called on account of its
likeness to an old woman's head enveloped in a flannel cap.
During high winds old-wives and pig-taps [i. e. tops of chimney-
cans] are apt to be thrown down, and street walking is dangerous.
Hence the severity of a storm, and one's courage in braving it.
canit- to be represented by the expression, ' raining auld-wives and
pig-taps,' which became corrupted into ' raining auld-wives and
pikestaffs ' (JAM. Snppl. ). Slk. There goes an auld woman frae the
chumley-tap, CHR. NORTH Nodes (1834) IV. 178, ed. 1856.
4. Comp. (i) Auld-auntie; (2) -father ; (3) -headit
(JAM.) ; (4) -mou'd (ib.), sagacious, crafty ; (5) -uncle.
(i) Cld. Auld-auntie, the aunt of one's father or mother (JAM.).
Ayr. (G.W.) (2) w.Sc. Auld-father, grandfather (JAM.). Ayr.
(G.W.) (3) Cld. Auld-headit, shrewd, sagacious (JAM.). (4) Abd.
She looks ill to ca', And o'er auld mou'd, I reed, is for us a', Ross
llflenore (17681 97. ed. 1812. (5) Cld. Auld-uncle, the uncle of
one's father or mother (JAM.). Ayr. (G.W.)
AULD-, see Old-.
AULD GIBBIE, sb. Sc. Morrhua vitlgaris. or common
Cod.
Sc. SATCHELL (1879) 8.
[Cibbie, a familiar form of the name Gilbert.]
AULDLANGSYNE,j*//r. Sc. Nhb.Cum. Also written
aud- N.Cy.1 'Old long ago,' a phrase referring to by-
gone days ; the ' good old times.'
Sc. God be wi' auld lang syne, when our gutchers ate their
trenchers, RAMSAY Prov. (1737) ; Johnny Mortheuch might hae
minded auld lang syne, and thought of his old kimmers, SCOTT
Bride of Lam. (1819) xxxiv. Per. Wull ye no come wi' me
for auld lang syne ? IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush (1895) 289. Ayr.
We'll tak a cup o' kindness yet, For auld lang syne, BURNS Auld
Lang Syne (1793). Bwk. Where in the days o' auld lang syne
The wives were witches a', HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 52.
N.Cy.1 Aud-lang-syne, a favourite phrase by which old persons
express their recollections of former kindness and juvenile enjoy-
ments in times long since past. Nhb. I dreamed of auld lang syne.
Keelman's Ann. (1869) 5. Cum. Wish for times like auld lang
seyne. ANDERSON Ballads (1808) 144. Wm. &Cum.1 The gladsome
page of auld lang seyne, 167.
[The phr. means ' the old long since ' ; see Lang syne,
and Syne.]
AULD LIGHT, phr. used a/Mb. Sc. Said of ministers
and people who are content with the ' Old Light,' the old
way of looking at theological questions, orthodox, con-
servative.
Frf. There are few Auld Licht communities in Scotland nowa-
days, BARRIE Lie/it (1888) ii. Ayr. Some auld-light herds [pastors]
in neebor towns, BURNS To William Simpson (1785).
AULD-WIFE-HUID, sb. Cum. The Monkshood,
Aconitum napellus.
[This name of the plant is der. fr. the manner in which
the flowers grow—' at the top of the stalkes, of a blewish
colour, fashioned also like a hood,' GERARDE (ed. 1633)971.
Hence many other of its various names, such as Face-
in-hood, Granny's Nightcap, Turk's Cap, Monk's Cowl, Old
Wives' Mutches.}
AULIN, sb. Or. and Sh.I. e.Sc. Also written allan.
1. The Arctic Gull, Richardson's Skua, Stercorarhis
mpidatus • also known as Dirty Aulin and Weese Allan
See Oilan Hawk.
Or. & Sh.I. Dirten-allan, NEILL Tour (1706) 201 (JAM. Suppl.).
Lth. An Arctic Gull Hew near the boat. . . . The boatmen styled it
the dirty Aulin, PENNANT Tonr in Sc. (1679) 78 (ib.). Or.I. Weese
allan. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 210. [FORSTER Swallow (1817) 91.]
1. Comp. Aulin-scouty, Scuti-aulin.
S. & Or.I. There is a fowl . . . called the Scutiallan . . . which
oth hve upon the vomit . . .of other fowls, BRAND Zetland(noi)
109 (JAM.) ; S. & Ork.1 Aulin-scouty.
. AUM.si. Sc. Also written awm Bnff.1 fpm.l Alum •
m coinp. Aum-leather, -paper.
Sc. Aum leather, called also white leather QAM. Snppl.). Bnff.1
Avon-leather, the same as awm't leather. Awm-paper, paper
soaked in a solution of alum and water, and used as tinder.
[A pron. of alum, OFr. a/uii.]
AUM, v. Sc. Lan. Also written awm Sc. Bnff.1;
alluin Lan.1
1. To dress or prepare skins or paper with alum.
Sc. (JAM.) ; Aum that skin (G.W.). Bnff.1 Awm, to soak paper
in a solution of alum and water to make tinder.
Hence Awm't, ppl. adj., see Aum, sb.
Sc. Awm't leather, white leather (JAM.) ; Alm'd leither tu fasten
ye cover to ye brods, DICKSON Elder at Plate (cd. 1892) 56. Bnff.1
Z. Fig. To thrash, beat soundly ; ' tan a person's hide.'
Sc. (JAM. Suppl.) Bnff.1 Awm. Abd. I'll aum yer hide for ye
(G.W.). Lan.1 Well, Joe, what did th'mastersay to tin for playin'
truant? — O, he dudn't say varry mich, bod he allum'd me reel weel
for it.
Hence Awman, vbl. sb. a thrashing, chastisement.
Bnff.1
[The same as aum, sb. Cp. Fr. aluner (fr. alim), to
impregnate with alum ; aluner une e'tqffe, ' la tremper dans
une dissolution d'alun, pour y fixer des couleurs ou pour
la rendre impermeable ' (HATZFELD).]
AUM, see Haulm.
AUMBLE, see Amble.
AUMER, see Owner.
AUMERIL, 56. Sc. A stupid, unmethodical person ;
also a mongrel dog.
Sc. That lassie's waur than glaikit, she's an aumerial (J.W.M.X
Slk. (JAM.)
AUMLACH, sb. Irel. A small quantity.
Ir. If a person were expecting a ' gawpen ' of meal, and he only
got a small handful, he would say that he got an aumlach (R.M.Y. i.
N.I.1 Aumlach, a small quantity.
AUMLUCH, «£^'. and adv. Irel. Also written aumlach.
[9-mlax.]
1. adj. Awkward, ungainly.
Ir. He is very aumluch (J.W.ff.).
2. adv. In an ungainly manner, awkwardly.
Ir. It was done very aumluch (J.W.ff.).
AUMOUS, see Almous.
AUMOX, see Hommock(s.
AUMPER, v. Obs. Dor. To foster.
Dor. N. & Q. (1883) 6th S. vii. 366.
AUMPH, see Ahuh.
AUMRY.a^'. Yks. [9'inri.] Shady.
w.Yks. HOWSON Cur. Craven (1850) 112.
[Aumer (the shade, see Owner) + -y.}
AUMRY, see Ambry.
AUN, see Awn.
AUNCEL, s6. Irel. Yks. Also Som. Cor. Also written
ancell Cor.2; ounsells w.Yks.2; ounsel Irel.; andsell,
handsale w.Som.1 [o'nsl, a'nsl, ae'nsl.]
1. The weighing balance called the steelyard.
Tip. An ounsel would be a most essential requisite to this house,
Proc. of Clonmel Union in N. & Q. (1856) 2nd S. i. 377. w.Yks.
An auncel consists of a long straight bar of steel with a sliding
weight and a scale of weights engraved on the bar (S.O.A.) ;
w.Yks.2 w.Cor. (M.A.C.), Cor.2
2. By pop. association with ' hand,' by handsale weight.
w.Som.1 Any article purchased by poising it in the hand without
actual weighing [is said to be sold by] handsale weight. How
much a pound d'e gee vor they? — I can't tell nezackly ; I bought
em out-an-out by an'sl wauyt.
[The pound that hue paiede hem by, peysed a quarter
More than myn auncel, whenne ich weied treuthe, r. Plow-
man (c.) yn. 224. — Awncell weight, as I have beene
informed is a kind of weight with scoles hanging, or
hookes fastened at each end of a staife, which a man
lifteth up upon his forefinger, or hand, and so discerneth
the equality or difference betweene the weight and the
thing weighed. ... It was forbidden anno 25 Edw. 3 ...
yet a man of good credit once certified mee, that it is still
used in Leaden Hall at London among butchers, &c. . . .
It may probably be thought to bee called awnsell weight,
quasi hand sale weight because it was and is performed
by the hand as the other is by the beame, COWELL Interp.
This explanation of the word, suggested by Cowell in
AUNCETER
[96]
AUNTERS
1607, appears in COLES (1677) and BAILEY (1721). But
the word is of French origin : AFr. aunselle, auncelle, prob.
for launcelle (the /- being taken for the def. art.), MLat.
lancella; cp. It. Imicella, a kind of measure (FLORIO).]
AUNCETER, sb., usually in pi. Yks. Lan. Der. Also
in the forms auncetre w.Yks.24; anciter Lan.; onsetter
Lan. e.Lan.1 Der.2 [a'nseta(r), o-nseta(r).] An an-
cestor.
w.Yks.24 Lan. I'd fain ha' yo belov'd, Sur, in yoar turn As aw
yoar anciters before ye wurn, BYROM Poems (1773) I. 118, ed.
1814 ; An' so did their on-setters afore 'em, WAUGH Birthfl. Tim
Bobbin (1858) v ; Lan.1, e.Lan.1, Der.2
[Aunters ... of aunsetris nobill, Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 5 ;
So schaltow gete god los ... as han al bin aunceteres,
Win, of Pal. (c. 1340) 5133. OFr. ancestre, Lat. ante-
cessor.]
AUND, pp. Cum. Yks. Lan. Also written awned
n.Yks.1; owned Cum. [§nd.] Fated, destined, ordained.
N.Cy.12 Cum. It's own'd, it seems to be, And vveel I wake
what's own'd yen cannot flee, RF.LPH Misc. Poems ( r 747) 97 ; Yon
fause man — he's aund to rue, POWLEY Echoes (1875) 144. Yks. I
am awn'd to ill luck (K. \ n.Yks.1; n.Yks.2 At our house we are
aund, I think, to ill luck. m.Yks.1 w.Yks. Hun ON Tour to Caves
(1781); w.Yks.1 I's aund oot. ne.Lan.1
2. Forewarned.
n.Yks.2 If I had been aund.
[Aud (prob. error for 'aund') ordained, BAILEY (1721).
A pp. of a vb. which repr. ON. autina, to be ordained
by fate ; cp. ttuar, fate, destiny. Nonv. dial, aiiden,
ordained, determined (AASEN).]
AUNDER, see Undern.
AUNE, sb. ? Obs. Written awln. A French measure
of length.
Ken.1 The awln is 5 ft. 7 in. ; and is used in measuring nets.
[Not known to our correspondents.]
[Fr. aune. Aulne, an ell, the measure so called ; the
measure varied in different parts of France from two
foot and a half at Dijon to tour foot and (very near)
a half at Bourdeaux, COTGR.]
AUNT, sb. Lin. Also in Glo. Ken. Som. Dev. Cor.
Also written aint, an' Cor.1 ; ount Dev. ; naunt w.Som.1 ;
un Cor.1 2 [ant, ont, ant.]
1. A term of familiarity or respect applied to elderly
women, not necessarily implying relationship.
Ken. Now, Sal, ye see, had bin ta school— She went to old
aunt Kite, MASTERS Dirk and Sa/(c. 1821)51.56. w.Som.1 Poor old
aunt Jenny Baker's a tookt bad ; they zess her ont never get up
no more. Well ! just eens I was comin' along, who should ees
meet but th' old Naunt Betty, so I zaid, s'l, • Well, naunt, and
how d'ye sim you be ? ' n.Dev. Vor than Ount Annis Moreman
could ha blessed vore, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 25. Cor. It is com-
mon to call all elderly persons Aunt or Uncle, prefixed to their names,
Gent. Mag. (1793) 1083 ; They were wont, on the Tamar side, to
call the Mother of God, in their loyal language, ' Modryb Marya,'
or ' Aunt Mary ! ' BARING-GOULD Vicar (1876) vii ; Cor.1 Too
fine, like An Betty Toddy's gown ; Cor.2 Aunt or Un are often
used instead of Mrs. , in speaking of an aged Cornishwoman :
Cor.3 In Redruth district Un is always followed by the Christian
name, as Un Betsy, Un Jenny.
2. A grandmother; also attrib. in phr. aunt grandmother.
Glo. One person will taunt another by telling him to go and
complain to his aunt grandmother. If you do that again I shall
whip you.— Then I will tell mother.— Which mother ? your aunt
grandmother? (S.S.B.) ; Glo.2
3. A bawd ; (rarely) a prostitute.
n-Lin.1
[3. SHAKS. uses this word for a loose woman ; CD. Wint
T. iv. iii. ii.]
AUNTER, sb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Also written
anter n.Cy.1 Cum. ; awnter n.Yks.2 ; onter w.Yks.2 Gen
used m pi. [a'nto(r), o-nta(r), 9'nta(r).]
1. An adventure, misadventure ; a story of adventure an
unlikely story.
N.Cy.i Cum. That was nobbut an oald wife saunter foe]
SARGISSON Joe Saw?(l88i) 201. Cum. & Wm. Auld-wife's anters
(.M.P.i. Wm. Granfadthre's teeals aboot em wer nobbet aald
w.fe santres [»<:], CLARKE Spec. DM. (1885) pt. iii. 31. n.Yks.2
w.Yks.1 He s ollas tellin some girt aunter. ne.Lan.1
Hence Auntersome, bold, daring, adventurous.
n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 Dinnot be ower auntersome. ne.Yks.1 Now
superseded by ' venturesome." w.Yks.1
2. A strange or unusual deed ; anything unusual or out
of the way.
n.Cy. Auters [misprint for anters], strange work, GROSE fi79oX
n.Yks. Thou macks sike anters thou'l mistetch my cow, MERITOM
Praise A le (1697) 1. 14 ; n.Yks.2 Flowtersome ainiU-rs, high-flown
deeds or notions.
3. A pretence, needless scruple, excuse, hesitation.
n.Cy. Aunters, doubts and uncertain resolutions (K.I ; He made
aunters about it, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) ; N.Cy.1 ; N.Cy." 1 Ic
is troubled with aunters. Yks. Many enters, TIIORESBV /.-//
'i703\ n.Yks.2, m.Yks.1, w.Yks.2
[1. In the tyme of Arther thys antur be-tydde. Anturs
of Artlier (c. 1420) I. I ; Fel auntour that this enfermcr
was sek, Metr. Horn. (c. 1325) 192. 2. In a cuntre was
cald Colchos by name, Was an aunter ... a wonderfull
wethur, Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 153. AFr. aventttre, Lnt.
adventural}
AUNTER, v. Sc. Written anter. [a'ntar.]
1. To venture, to chance.
Sc. GROSE ^1790) MS. add. (C.) Abd. Bat be guid luck we
anter'd browliesupo' the rod, FORBES Jin. ^1742) 16; Howanter'd
ye a fieldward sae your lane, Ross Helrnore (1768) 160; But
though it should anter the weather to bide, ib. 284.
2. To walk, to saunter.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
[1. And bid him enter into England and awnter him
selven, The Scottish Field (c. 1600), Chetham Soc. (1856)
xxxvii. ME. pen auntred Ulexes and his erund said,
Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 4985 ; And after auntrede god hym-
self and tok Adam's kynde, P. Plowman (c.) xxi. 232.
OFr. avenliirer, to adventure.]
AUNTERCAST, sb. Obs. ? Sc. Written anter-. A
misfortune.
Sc. GROSE (1190) MS. add. (C.) Abd. Never min', Nor at sic
woeful antercasts repine, Ross Heletiorc (1768*1 107, ed. i8r2.
AUNTERIN, vbl. sb. and ppl. adj. Sc. n.Cy. Also
written antrin Bnff.1 [a'ntrin.]
1. vbl. sb. An occasional one. One here and there.
Bnff.1 Antrins are staivrin' aboot through the girs.
2. ppl. adj. Occasional, rare.
Sc. Thou kens I'm but an antrin chiel, ALLAN Lilts (1874) 116;
' Ane antrin ane,' one of a kind met with singly and occasionally,
or seldom ( JAM.). Sh.I. Aa ye finn in antrin neuks, BURGESS Ras-
mie (1892) 83. Abd. Yet thir, alas ! are antrin folk That lade their
scape wi' winter stock, FERGUSSON Poems (1785) II. 31 ; She never
takes Glendronack [whisky] 'Cep' at an antren time, Good-wtft(iS6tf
st. 10. Fif. Except at antern times I haena kenned him going to
the kirk, ROBERTSON Provost '1894) 160. Lth. For small parcels,
and to occasional or anterin' customers, James was a ready-money
man, STRATHESK More Bits (ed. 1885) 66. e.Lth. But that was but
an auntern ane here an' there, HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) 23. Rxb.
An' Phcebus gies an anterin glowr O' doubtfu' light, A. SCOTT
Poems (ed. 1808) 223.
3. Different.
n.Cy. Antrin, Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.)
[Deriv. of anter, ME. auntren, to come by chance, to
happen, befall. There auntred horn oft onsware to haue,
Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 2862. See Aunter, v.]
AUNTERIN, see Undern.
AUNTERS, adv. and conj. Usually in pi. Nhb. Cum.
Wm. Yks. Also written anthers n.Yks.1 ne.Yks.1
m.Yks.1 ; anter Nhb.1 ; anters N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Cum. Wm.1
n.Yks.3 w.Yks.1 ; antres Wm. w.Yks.
1. adv. Perhaps.
n.Cy. Awnters, GROSE (1790). Cum. Or anters in yon mouldering
heap, STAGG Misc. Poems (1805) 54, ed. 1807.
2. conj. Lest, in case that.
N.Cy.i, Nhb.1 Wm. Antres a git a job, CLARKE Spec. Dial. (ed. 1868)
JonnyShippard'sJoimia; Wm.1 Anters he cums. n.Yks.1 I weant
be far anthers he comes : n.Yks.3 I'll tak my greeat cwoat anters it
sud snaw. ne.Yks.1 Anthers. In use at East Ocklam a few years
ago. e.Yks. MARSHALL 7?;<>-. Econ. (1788). m.Yks.1 w.Yks. We
must have it ready, anters they come (H.F.S.) ; Gang an' fetch him
antres he tummel (R.H.H.); w.Yks.1 I mun endays, anters neet
be omme.
AUNT HANNAH
[97l
AVAST
[Aunters, peradventure, COLES (1677). ME. For oon
the beste knyghtes art them That in thys londe ys levyd
now Awnturs ferre or nere, Syr Eglatnort (c. 1450) 213.
Aniiler, adventure + -s, advb. suff.]
AUNT HANNAH, sb. e.An. Arabis alpina, or white
arabis.
e.An.1
AUNTIELOOMIE, sb. Lin. [antilu'mi.] A children's
game.
Lin. The children join hands, and dance in a circle, with a front
step, a back step, and a side step, round an invisible May-pole,
singing, ' Can you dance the Auntieloomie ? Yes, I can ; yes,
I can.' Then follows kissing, GOMME Games (1894) 9.
AUNT MARY'S TREE, phr. Cor. The holly, con-
nected in folk-lore with the Virgin Mary.
Cor. Now, the holly, with her drops of blood, for me : For that
is our dear Aunt Mary's tree ! BARING-GOULD Vicar (.1876) vii ;
Science Gossip (1881) 267.
AUNTY, sb. Sc. Lan.
1. A term of familiarity, see Aunt, 1.
Lan. Come, fye, Naunty Grace, come, fye, an' ha' done ! Yo'ast
ha' th' mare or money, whether yo' won, HARLAND Ballads
(1865) 122. [Amer. BARTLETT.]
2. Cf. aunt, 3.
Sc. Aunty, a vulgar name for a loose woman, one who keeps a
brothel (JAM. Suppl.}.
3. A name for the ' bottle ' ; a debauch.
Sc. But makin' ower free wi' our aunty Is sure to bring trouble
the morn ; For aunty's a dangerous kimmer, Whistle-Binkie (1853)
II. 237 (JAM. Suppl}.
AUNTY, adj. Chs. Lei. Nhp. Wor. Shr. Also written
anti- Chs.13 [a'nti, o'nti.]
1. Of persons : ready, bold, venturesome, high-spirited.
See Hanty.
Lei.1 Shr.1 'E's a aunty little chap is our Turn, theer inna much
as 'e fi6nna-d-'ave a try fur.
2. Of horses : frisky, restive.
Lei.1, Nhp.2, ne.Wor. (J.W.P.)
Hence Aunty-paunty, -praunty, adj. (i) Of persons :
proud, high-spirited. (2) Of horses : restive.
(i) Shr.1 'E's a aunty-praunty fellow, is young John, 'E 66nna
bar to be put upon. (2) Chs.13 s.Chs.1 This hoss is too aunty-
paunty.
AUNUT, see Earth-nut.
AUPWAY, see Opeway.
AUR, see Arr.
AURNIT, see Earth-nut.
AURRUST, see Harvest.
AUSE, see Oss, v.
AUSKERRIE, sb. Sh.I. A scoop for baling out a boat.
Sh.I. (K.I) ; (JAM.) S. & Ork.1
[Norw. dial, auskjer (Dan. jsekar). ON. aus-ker, for
<utst-ker, austrs-ker, a scoop, pump-bucket. Austr, the
act of drawing water in buckets (der. of ausa, to pump,
esp. a ship) +ker, a tub, vessel ; cp. Goth, kas.]
AUSNEY, see Halseny.
AUST, see Oss.
AUSTERN, adj. ? Obs. Sc. (JAM.) Also written
asterne, astren.
1. Austere.
Rxb. Whow, but he's an austern-looking fallow.
2. Having a frightful or ghastly appearance.
Slk. Astren is often applied to the look of a dying person.
[The form with -n is found in the i4th cent. I dredde
thee, for thou art an austerne (a sterne, 1388) man . . .
I am an hausterne man, WYCLIF (1382) Luke xix. 21.
This passage seems to show that the form is due to assoc.
with stern.]
AUSTROUS, adj. ? Obs. Sc. (JAM.) Frightful, ghastly.
Cld. And a dowie sheen frae his austrous een Gae licht to the
dismal wane, Blackw. Mag. (May, 1820) Marntaiden of Clyde.
[A corr. form, made up of austr- (fr. austere] + -ous, as
in disastrous.]
AUSTRY RODS, sb. ? Obs. Ken. Osier rods used
to bind billet wood for the London market.
Ken. Rep. Agric. Su>: (1793-1813).
[The word austry seems to be the same as ostry found
VOL. i.
in Greene's works. Think, mistress, what a thing love
is : why it is like an ostry-faggot, that once set on fire, is
as hardly quenched as the bird crocodile driven out of
her nest, GREENE Looking Glass (1594) (DAV.) ; Your
small pots and your ostrie-faggots, GREENE Quip for Up-
start Courtier (Harl. Misc. V. 413) ; Ostrey-faggots and
faire chambring, Defence of Coneycatching (1592), ed.
Halliwell (1859) 19. Prob. a comp. of osier (ausier, e.An.1!
+ tree.]
AUTER, see Aunter, Halter.
AUTHOR, sb. Sc. Glo. The person on whose au-
thority a statement is made, an informant.
Abd. (JAM.) Per. I'll gie you my author. My author for saying
so is A. B. (G.W.) Glo.1 Mr. C. is my author.
[I tell you what mine authors say, SHAKS. Per. i.
Prol. 20 ; Myn auctor shal I folwen, if I conne,
CHAUCER Tr. <&-> Cr. n. 49. So in Fr. : Citer son auteur, en
parlatit de celui de qui on tient une nouvelle, HATZFELD.]
AUTLANDS, see Outlands.
AUTORITY.sA. Obs. w.Yks. Authority.
w.Yks.1 Naabody theear hed onny autority, ii. 320.
[Health honoure worshepe frendes and autorite, TIN-
DALE Obedience (1528), in Spec. E. L. XVI. 253. OFr.
auctorite (mod. autorite'), authority.]
AUVE, see Hawve, Helve.
AUVEN, see Hoven.
AUVER, see Hover, Over.
AUVISH, see Awflsh.
AUWIS-BORE, see Awf.
AUX, see Hocks, v.
AUX-BIT, sb. ? Obs. Sc. (JAM.)
Ayr. Aux-bit, a nick, in the form of the letter V, cut out of the
hinder part of a sheep's ear ; cf. Back-bit, Lug-mark.
AV-, see Af-.
AVA, adv. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Also written eva' Nhb.
[ava-.] At all.
Sc. The ill ne'er plantit ava, WADDELL Ps. (1891) i. head; Dinna
sweer ava, HENDERSON St. Matt. (1862) v. 34. Frf. She'll hear it
first frae his ain lips if she hears it ava, BARRIE Minister (1891) xl ;
' I dinna haud wi' that ava,' he said, ib. Thrums (1895) v. Per.
She was na feared ava, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush (1895) 126. Flf.
I've nae doubt ava, ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 21. Ayr. I've aften
wonder'd . . . What way poor bodies liv'd ava, BURNS To/a Dogs
(1786). Lnk. There'll sune be nae leevin' for canny dacent bodies
ava, FRASER Whaups (1895) i. e.Lth. Nae dou't a frail stoup's
better nor nane ava, HUNTER J. Imirick (1895) 64. Edb. When
they arena able to prove that ever there was a bairn ava, SCOTT
Midlothian (1818) iv. Bwk. Folk are no ava as they were lang-
syne, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 83. Slk. Scarcely seen,
no heard ava, CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) IV. 220. Gall. There's
no a Dutchman i' the pack That's ony guid ava, man ! CROCKETT
Raiders (1894) vi. N.I.1 A dinna ken ava. A'll hae nane o' that
ava. Nhb. An' dread that they've come by their death, Ere they
kent thirsells stricken ava' ! Newc. Fishers' Garl. (1844) 168; I could
seenaethingava, RICHARDSON Borderers Table-bk. (1846) VII. 137 ;
Ne doubt eva' they'll tak their corning ? GRAHAM Moorland Dial.
(1826).
[Ava repr. of all.]
AVA, see Awa.
AVAIL OF, v. Irel. Amer. [ave'l.] To take advantage
of. Used without the reflexive pron.
Ir. He availed of the opportunity (P.J.MO ; Used freely in all
newspapers (G.M.H.) ; (J.S.) [Amer. An offer was made but not
availed of, BARTLETT.]
[But how of this can she avail ? SHAKS. M.for Meas. in.
i. 243.]
AVAL, see Awald.
AVAL-CROOK, see Ewil-cruik.
AVANG, sb. Dev. Also written eavang nw.Dev.1
[avae-rj.] A leather strap on a saddle to which the girth
is attached.
Dev. A strap, or stay to which the girt is buckled ; a whang ;
the iron strap under the lap of the saddle to which the stirrup-
leather is fastened, WRIGHT. nw.Dev.1
AVAST,/>Ar. Yks. Lan. Naut. [ava'st.] Stop! stay!
hold!
n.Yks.2 Avast hauling ! Lan. Come, come ; avast with that story,
O
AVEEL
[98]
AVERN
GASKELL M. Barton (1848) xxviii. Colloq. The Captain muttered
a feeble ' awast ! ' DICKENS Dombey (1848) 1.
[Avast, hold, stop, it is enough, ASH (1795) ; Avast,
brother, avast! sheer off! SMOLLETT R. Random (1748)
Ixiv (ed. 1800, I. 438).
AVEEL, see Afield.
AVE GRACE, sb. ? Obs. Sus. Ruta graveolens, or
common rue. Also called Herb Grace, q.v.
[In allusion doubtless to the angelic salutation to the
Virgin, Ave gratia plena (VuLG. Luke i. 28).]
AVEL, sb. and v. Glo. e.An. Also written havel
e.An.2; avil Suf. [e'vl.]
1. sb. The beard or awns of barley or bearded wheat.
Glo.1 e.An. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863) ; e.An.12, Nrf.1 Suf.
RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 287, ed. 1849 ; Suf.1
2 v To take the awns off barley or bearded wheat.
Suf. (F.H.)
Hence (i) Aveller, 5*. a machine for dressing barley ;
(2) Avel- or Havelling-machine, sb. a machine for
removing the avels ; (3) Avelly, adj. used of corn when,
after being dressed, the awns stick to the grains.
(i) Glo.1, Suf. (F.H.) (a) Suf. RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 287, ed.
1849. (3) e-An.1, Nrf.1
[Prob. repr. an ON. cogn. of OE. egl, the ' ail ' or awn
of barley or other corn ; cp. Dan. avn, Sw. agn, OHG.
agana, the ' awn ' of corn.]
AVEL, see Awelt.
AVELING(S, adv. and adj. Obs. Nhb. Suf. Also
written avelling Suf. [e-valin(z.]
1. adv. In an oblong or oval shape. See Avelong.
Nhb.1
2. adj. Out of the perpendicular ; not ' square ' ; as in
comb. Avelling work.
Suf. Reapers or mowers approaching the side of a field not
perpendicular or parallel to the line of wall will have an unequal
portion to do, the excess or deficiency of which is called avelling
work, RAINBIRD Agric. (1849) 287.
[Half a yarde of lyninge clothe cut avelinges, Durham
Wills (1577) 14, ed. 1860 (N.E.D.). Formed fr. avelong,
q.v., with change of suffix to -ling(es, OE. -ling, as in
hading, backwards.]
AVELINS.si.//. Wm. [e'valinz.] Refuse, the useless
portion of any material ; what is left over or rejected.
Wm.1 What a lot o' avelins thoo's left !
[Prob. a der. of avel, q.v. -f -ing.]
AVELONG, adj. Yks. Lin. e.An. Also written avelang
w.Yks.1 ; avellong e.An.1 Nrf.1 Suf.1 [e'valor).]
1. Elliptical, oval ; oblong. See Avelings.
w.Yks.13 ; w.Yks.5 Aside o' t'Grime-cabin cloise — a aavelong
piece o' grund it is.
2. Oblique, slanting.
n-Lln.1
3. Comb. Avellong work, mowing or reaping lying out
of the perpendicular, as on the sides of a field.
e.An.I, Nrf.1, Suf.1
[Warpyn, or wex wronge or avelonge, as vesselle,
oblongo, Prompt. • Oblongus, auelonge, Medulla (in
Prompt. 17). ON. aflangr, oblong.]
AVEN, 56. Shr. [e'van.] A latent promise; that
which contains in itself the element of some special
excellence or usefulness.
Shr. BOUND Prov. (1876) ; Shr.1 A thriving colt would be a good
aven of ahorse ; a stick growing naturally in the form of a scythe-
handle a mighty good aven of a sned. Tother day as I wuz gwein
through Brown's Coppy, I sid a famous aven of a sned ; Shr.2
The aven of a fine cowt.
[ME. efite, euen(e, material, stuff, ability; ON. efhe,
whence Sw. cemna, Dan. evne. Of himself he toke his
euen fiat he of wroght both erth and heuen, Cursor M.
(c. 1300) 335.]
AVENAGE, sb. Obs. Yks.
Yks. Avenage, a certain quantity of oats paid by a tenant to his
landlord as a rent, or in lieu of some other duties, Wkly Post
(June 9, 1883).
[Avenage, or an homage of oats, ROBERTSON Phraseol.
Gen. (1693) 5 Avenage, oats paid to a landlord for some
other duties, COLES (1677) ; OFr. avenage, ' Prestation en
avoine que les paysans fournissaient a leur seigneur,'
AVENLESS, adj. Wor. Shr. Also written evenless
w.Wor.1 [e-vanlas, rvanlass.] Awkward; shiftless,
without any faculty for contriving.
w.Wor.1 Let that cow be, yu e'enless thing, you 11 be the ruina-
tion of everything. Shr.1 'Er's a poor avenless wench 'er is.
\Aven (ME. euen(e, ability, natural powers), q.v. + -/?ss.]
AVER, 5*. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Also written aiver Sc. ;
afer Nhb.1 ; haver, hawfer n.Yks.2 [e'var.J
1. A beast of burden ; a horse, esp. a cart-horse, or worn-
out, worthless animal.
Sc. An inch of a nag is worth a span of an aver, RAMSAY Prov.
(1737) ; Wi' ilka aiver lean and scrae> DKUMMOND Mnckomachy
(1846) 9; The foreman to their carts and creels did yoke the
aivers a', ib. 10 ; The carles and the cart-avers eat it all, SCOTT
Pirate (1821) iv; Peghing [breathing heavily] like a miller's
aiver, ib. Bride of Lam. (1819) xxiv ; Caff and draff is gude aneuch
for aivers, HENDERSON Prov. (1832) 104, ed. 1881 ; MORTON Cyclo.
Agric. (1863). Ayr. Yet aft a ragged cowte's been known to mak
a noble aiver, BURNS Dream (1786). N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 In later
usage, an old or worthless horse. n.Yks.2
2. Fig. A stupid person.
Bnff.1
[Aver, a labouring beast, BAILEY (1755) ; Aver, among
husbandmen, a labouring-beast, KERSEY (1715) ; ' A
false aver,'a sluggish horse or lazy beast, Northumberland,
KENNETT Par. Antiq. (1695). AFr. aveir (aver), Fr. avoir,
property, stock, cattle ; cp. It. avfre, /tave're (FLORIO).]
AVER, adj. Nhb. Peevish, fretful.
Nhb. On authority of Hall. ; but unknown to our correspondents.
[Prob. a spec, use of aver, sb., q.v. (esp. sense 2).]
AVERAGE, sb. Nhb. Yks. Lin. Also the form
averish occurs N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 e.Yks.1 [a'varidg, a-varij.]
1. The pasturage of corn-fields after harvest, stubble ; a
stubble-field. Cf. arrish.
n.Cy. (K.) ; GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.12, Nhb.i e.Yks. Ah sail turn
them pigs into averish (R.S.); MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788);
e.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 Aut average, seea cowarse an roody, ii. 289.
2. Land that is ' fed ' in common by the parish as soon
as the corn is carried.
n.Lln.1
[Average, in husbandry, pasturage or fodder for cattel,
KERSEY (1715) ; In the North they use average for what
in Kent we call the gratten ; in other parts the eddish, .. .
the roughings, the stubble and pasture left in corn-fields
after the harvest is carried, KENNETT Par. Antiq. (1695) ;
Average, pasturage, COLES (1677) ; Average, the feeding
or pasturage for cattle, especially the edish or roughings,
WORLIDGE Syst. Agric. (1669) ; In these monthes after
the cornne bee innede it is meete to putt draught horsses
and oxen into the averish, Archaeologia, XIII. 379 (HALL.).
Conn, with arrish, q.v. Prob. the form is due to confusion
with average (Sc. arage), a service done by the tenant with
his ' avers ' (see Aver, sb.).]
AVERAGE, v. Yks. Also the form averish occurs
e.Yks. To eat the pasturage after harvest.
n.Yks. Still in common use, esp. in the n. Riding (M.C.F.M.).
e.Yks. Not common (R.S.).
[The same as Average, sb.]
AVERILL, see Arval.
_AVERIN, sb. Sc. Also written aiverin GAM.).
[e-vrin.] Rubus chamaemorus, or cloud-berry.
Bnff.1 Abd. And spies a spot of averins ere lang, Ross Helettore
(1768) 25, ed. 1812. Per. Picking up here and there a plant of
the . . . averan, CLUNIE Statist. Ace. (c. 1795) IX. 237 (JAM.).
[Etym. unknown, but perh. cogn. w. everocks, q.v. (with
diff. suff.), with which cp. Gael, oighreag, a cloud-berry
(MACBAIN).]
AVERISH, adj. Wm. Greedy, avaricious.
Wm. A child who was eating or drinking greedily would be told
1 net ta be sea averish ' (B.K.).
[For averous, q.v., with change of suff. (-ish for -ous).]
AVERISH, see Average.
AVERN, adj. Nhp. Bdf. Also written avan Nhp.
[e-van.]
AVEROUS
[99]
AWARRANT
1. Uncouth in person, dress, and manners.
Nhp.1 Applied exclusively to the lower order of youthful females.
A slatternly overgrown girl, or a strong, muscular, slovenly servant
would be called ' agreat avern thing.' Bdf. BATCHELOR Anal. Eng.
Lang. (1809).
2. Filthy, squalid.
Nhp. (HALL.)
AVEROUS, adj. Stf. [a'varas.] Avaricious.
n.Stf. Averous is still common among the miners (J.T.). Stf.2
[Nether theues, nether auerouse men, WYCLIF (1388)
i Cor. vi. 10 ; Auerous men and chynches, that gifes froit,
hot when it is rotyn, HAMPOLE Ps. i. 3 (com.). AFr.
averous. Thiebaut . . . mult ont chastels e viles, e mult fu
avcrous, WAGE Rom. de Rose, 4408 (Moisv). OFr. averus,
der. of avet'r, possession ; see Aver, sb.]
AVIL, see Awald, sb.
AVIS, adv. Irel. Also written aves N.I.1 Perhaps,
may be ; but.
N.I.1 Avis a'll gang there on the Sabbath.
AVISE, sb. Sc. Lan. Also written avyse. Advice,
counsel ; opinion.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Lan.1 I offered him avyse,
and he wodn't hev it.
[Seyeth your avys, and holdeth yow apayd, CHAUCER
C. T. A. 1868. OFr. avis, opinion, advice.]
AVISE, v. Sus. [avai'z.] To warn, caution ; inform.
Sus. I should avise ye not to goo. I 'ull write and avise 'im of it
(F.W.L.) ; So at lass dey greed atween um on a contraption fer
to avise one anuder uf summut wur loike to maak a pucker,
JACKSON Southward Ho (1894) I. 338.
[My wand he bad, in thi present, I shuld lay downe,
and the avyse How it shuld turne to oone serpent,
Towneley Myst. (c. 1460) 61 (MATZNER). Fr. aviser, to advise,
counsel, warn, tell, inform, do to wit, COTGR.]
AVISED, ppl. adj.1 Sc. e.An. Sus. Also written
avized e.An.1 Suf.1 [avai-zd.] Informed, aware of.
Sc. Are you well avised of the way? SCOTT Nigel (1822) xxxvi.
e.An.1 1 am not avized of it. Suf. I a'nt avized of it, CULLUM Hist.
Hazvsted(i8t3); Suf.1 Ar yeowawized ont? Sus.H'm well avised
that John spent all his wages at the Barley-mow.
[Advised, by good intelligence, Of this most dreadful
preparation, SHAKS. Hen. V, n. Prol. 12. ME. avised, pp.
of avisen. See Avise, v.]
AVISED, ppl. adj.2 Wm. Yks. Also written avized
n.Yks.2 [avai'zd.] Complexioned ; featured. See
Black-avised.
Wm. Dark-avised, light-avised, GIBSON Leg. (1877) 91. n.Yks.2
[Cp. Fr. avise, pp. of aviser, to heed, see,, look to, regard
with circumspection, COTGR. See Avise, v.]
AVOID, adj. Wor. Hrf. [avoi'd.] Empty, void.
s.Wor. This house is a-void (H.K.). Wor. & Hrf. It be shut up
now, sir, ecos you see it's a void (W.B.).
[A- (pref.10) + void. The pref. is prob. due to theanalogy
of words with A- (pref.2).]
AVOIRDUPOIS, v. and sb. Wor. Hrf. Suf. To consider,
weigh mentally ; be in doubt.
w.Wor.1 Father an' me, we've avverdepoyed it over, an" us
thinks as our 'Liza 'ad best go to service. Hrf.2 I'm all avoirdu-
poised. Suf. I'm wholly on the averdupois [in doubt] (F.H. ).
AVOIRDUPOIS, adv. Wor. e.An. Also in the forms
haverdepaise, haverdepaze Wor. ; hobble-de-poise e.An.1
1. Evenly balanced ; straight, correct.
w.Wor.1 e.An.1 If we had rocking stones in our country, we
should describe them among ourselves as standing exactly hobble-
de-poise.
2. Undecided, in doubt, wavering in one's mind.
Wor. (H. K. ) s.Wor. I be quite haverdepaise about sending
Jane to service, PORSON Quaint Wds. (1875) 27 ; s.Wor.1, e.An.1
Nrf. Old King be dade, and we are all averdupois as to whether
he shall be crowned or no [as to whether there shall be a coroner's
inquest] (W.R.E.).
AVORE, see Afore.
AVOUT, see Athout.
AW, sb. Shr. Ess. [§.] An ear of oats.
Shr.1 Eels are in season when oats are in aw. Prov. heard
about Aston Botterell. Ess. The oats swelled for the haw, YOUNG
Agric. (1813) I. 197.
Hence Awed-put, phr. of oats : in ear.
Shr.1 The ofiats i' the uvver fild bin awed out, I see.
[Prob. cogn. w. awn, ail, ear (of corn), without cons,
suff. ; cp. OHG. ah, an ear of corn, see KLUGE (s.v.
ahre).]
AW, see All, Ea, I.
AWA, inf. Sc. Also in form ava, aava ne.Sc. Ex-
clamation used in banter, ridicule, or contradiction :
nonsense !
Sc. Hoot, awa' man ! ye're clean wrang (JAM. Suppl.). Bnff.1
Aava ! ooman, dinna say that.
[A spec, use of Sc. awa, lit. E. away ; cp. colloq. Jire
away .']
AWAKED, ppl. adj. Dor. Som. Awake.
Dor.1 Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825).
[ME. awaked, roused out of sleep ; OE. awacod, pp.
of awacian, to awake.]
AWAKKEN, ppl. adj. Yks. [awa-kan, awo'kan.]
Awake.
e.Yks. John wad oft keep Awakken for hoors, NICHOLSON
Flk-Sp. (1889) 42 ; e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.)
[OE. awacen, pp. of Swacan, for onwacan, to awake.]
AWALD, sb. Sc. Also in forms awal, avil, awart,
awat (JAM.). The second of two crops of corn, in the
' shift ' or rotation of crops. Also used attrib.
Sc. It was when it came to the awal, or second crop after bear,
that the contest between the crop and the weeds . . . became most
serious, ALEXANDER Northern Rural Life (1877) 27. Abd., Kcd.
When it came to the awal, or second crop after bear, ib. Per.
(G. W.) w.Sc. An avald crop is thesecond white crop in succession
on the same land, MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). Gall. Awal land
is ground under a second crop (JAM.).
AWALD, ppl. adj. Sc. Irel. Also written aiwal N.I.1 ;
aval, await Sc.
1. Of a sheep or other animal : ' cast,' lying on its back
and unable to move. Cf. award, awkward, awelt.
Rxb. Sheep are most apt to die awald when it grows warm after
a shower, Essays Highl. Soc. III. 447 QAM.). N.I.1
Hence Aval-thrawn, overthrown, cast prostrate.
Gall. And ne'er be aval-thrawn by dearth, HARPER Baids
(1889) i.
2. Phr. to fall awald, to fall helplessly to the ground ;
to roll awald, to roll on the ground, unable to rise.
Abd. A woman in child-birth is said to have fa'en awald (G. W.).
s.Sc. To fa' await, originally applied to a sheep, hence to a person
who is intoxicated (JAM.); In common use (S.R.C.). Gall.
Whane'er they fin1 a ewe fa'en aval, Gallov. Encycl. (1824).
[Prob. the best form is await. A- (pref. e) + wait. ME.
wait, pp. ofwalten, to roll ; OE. wealtian; cp. G. walzen.
See Awelt.]
AW ALT, see Awald.
AW AND, see Awarrant.
AWARD(S, adv. Sc. Nhb. Nhp. Written auwards
N.Cy.1 Nhp.1; auwerts, awert, Nhb.1 Of an animal:
' cast,' lying on its back unable to rise. Cf. awald, awk-
ward.
Per. Awart, MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Nhp.1
AWARRANT, v. Yks. Lan. Der. Lin. Also written
awand e.Yks.1 w.Yks.35 ; awarnd Yks. ne.Lan.1 ; awarnt
w.Yks.2 [awa-nt, awa'nd, awp-nd.] To vouch for,
warrant, assure. Used always with fut. tense.
Yks. ' Keep ma oot, if ye de-arr,' saith he ; ' Ah'll awand here's
the tail o' it,' BLACKMORE Mary Anerley (1879) xxxiii ; I'll awand
we'll know the hand That did it, MUNBY Verses (1865) 17. n.Yks.
What Ah'll awand thou's gahin' t'seeam geeat? TWEDDELL Clevel.
Rhymes (1875) 60. ne.Yks.1 In common use. Ah'll a-wa'nd ya.
e.Yks.1 Ah'll awand tha thou'll see it. w.Yks. Why-a Jinny ah'le
a-wand ta we sal hev a rare day on't, Nidderdill Ohn. (1868) ; There
was nea grass grew under his feet I'll awarnd ye, Girlingtoii
Jrn. Aim. (1875) 45; Tha'llnoane hae t'chonce to cheat me ageean.
Ah'll awand tha(^E.B-); w.Yks.23; w.Yks.s When a child tells
its mother that it cannot perform the task which it has been set
to, she makes answer, ' I'll awand thuh, my lad.' Lan. It'll be o'
reel, I'll awarnd you, WAUGH Hermit, ix. ne.Lan.1, nw.Der.1
n.Lin.1 Gen. used sarcastically. John'll cum hoam drunk agean
to neet I'll awarrant it.
[Some writers awarrante your matter, Chester Plays
(c. 1400) 3. A- (pref.10) + warrant, vb.]
o 2
AWART
[100]
AWE
AWART, see Awald, Award.
A WAT, adv. Sc. Truly, indeed.
Abd. Awat he len'it a hantle, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) x ;
aweit he wiz in gweed order [well dressed] (P.G.).
AWAT, see Awald, sb.
AWAY, adv. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. n.Cy. to Lan.
and Lin. ; also Stf. War. Wor. Shr. HrfL Glo. Oxf. Bdf.
e.An. Wil. Som. Written awa Sc. |awe-,awea',awia'.]
A. Denoting motion.
1. Forward, along ; in the direction of.
Sc. Awa' is in common use for ' along,' in numerous idioms. If
a person were falling behind in a walk with you, you would say
' Come awa', now.' Of a stream : It runs awa' bonnily. Say
awa' and eat [get along with the grace and begin the meal]. A
teacher in Aberdeen was known as ' Ca' awa ' [push along]
because he thus admonished the boys to industry (G.W.) ; ' Come
awa, Bawbee,' says Dauvit, takin' a hand hold o' my airm, SAL-
MOND My Man Sandy (1894) 168. Frf. He cried up the stair,
' Come awa' doon,' BARRIE Thrums (1889) iv. Cum. Call to a
colley dog: Sharp, hie! git away by below [on the far side],
SARGISSON ./»« Scoap ( 1881) 22. n.Yks. He went by the mill away
[the road past the mill] (I.W.). n.Lin.1 You mun gOa to Ferry by
Had'ick Hill awaay.
2. With ellipsis of v. : go away, go.
Sc. She's o'er the border, and awa' Wi' Jock o' Hazeldean,
SCOTT Sng. (1816); James he's awa to Drumshourloch fair, it.
Guy M. (1815) i. Frf. He'll be awa to Edinbory, BARRIE
Thrums (1889) ii. Ayr. The de'il's awa' wi' th' exciseman, BURNS
Sng. (1790). N.I.1 Away and throw moul' on yourself [go and
bury yourself]. Away and divart the hunger aff ye [said to
children who are troubling and crying for a meal before it is
ready]. Nhb. But we'll awa' to Coquet-Side, Coquet-Dale Sngs.
(.1852) 46 ; Nhb.1 Aa mun away. Let's away. Cum. Let them
swine away amang ther muck, SARGISSON Joe Scoap (1881) 102 ;
Cum.1 I'll away to t'church. n.Yks. Ah'll away ti t'mill. Ah'll
away write [begin to write] (I. W.). e.Yks.1 Ah'll awane [or away]
heeam. w.Yks. Ah'll awaay heeam. n.Lin.1 I'll awaay to chech
this mornin'. Bdf. This week away [gone, i. e. last week],
BATCHELOR Anal. Eng. Lang. (1809).
3. Away with, to endure, put up with. Usually with
negative.
Dnr.1 Cum.1 It's a lee and I can't away wid it. nXin.1 I can't
awaay wi' blash like that. s.Stf. It's a thing as I cannot away with,
MURRAY Rainbow Gold (1886) 97. War." In common use. Wor.
We wants some dry weather, but we gets all sorts and we must
away with it (H.K.). Hrf.2 I can't awaay with it. Glo.1 Have
you enough sugar in your tea?— Well, 'twould away with a bit more.
My 'ead's bin that middlin, I don't know 'ow to away with un ;
Glo.2 Oxf.1 My daatur a 'ad a lot a trouble and 'er can't away
wi't. MS. add. Wil.1 Her's that weak her can't away with the
childern at no rate ! A wur allus a terrible voolhardy zart of a
chap, an' I niver coudden away wi' a lot o' that 'oondermentin',
tb. 214. Colloq. I cannot away with that horrible din, That six-
penny drum and that trumpet of tin, BARHAM Ingoldsby (1864).
4. Comp. Away-going, -ganning, adj. departing, out-
going ; sb. death.
Sc. Awa-gain, -gaun, death, departure (JAM. Suppl.). Nhb.1
Away-gannin crop, the cereals belonging to the outgoing tenant of
a farm. Dur. To secure to the tenant a quiet possession of the
farm, and of his away-going-crop, MARSHALL Review (1808) I.
145. n-Yks.1 Away-gannan crop, away-going crop, the crop of
corn which an outgoing tenant is entitled to sow and reap on his
ate farm, in consideration of, and in proportion to, the quantity of
land duly fallowed and manured by him during the last summer of
his occupancy. The rules which regulate the proportion of land
thus appropriated vary slightly, I believe, according to the district •
P°aUWmie'S ' Wa'annin cr°
.
™oV?M'aj' tog°> be off> 8° away> away he went.
War." Now, then, away to go. Shr.» Tak' this an' away to-go.
A young kitchenmaid, describing the depredations of a man-
servant on the pastry-shelf, said, ' It wuz Lucas, ma'am, 'e comen
in out o the all an' took some o' the fancy pies an' away to-go.'
B. Denoting position or state.
1. Mad ; unconscious ; dead.
Sc. When one cannot avoid a reference to the departed ... it is
usual to speak of 'them that's awa'.' My dochter was lang awa'
&« * n°°n]« £ Wh^ ShC Cam af5ain' She tauld us- Black*.
Mag. (Dec. 1818) 503 (JAM.). Fif. They're baith dead an' awa,
four year syne, ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 182. Edb. 'Your
mither is awa,' said the builder ; ' it's a release,' CROCKETT Cleg
Kelly (1896) xi. Rxb. Awa' i' the head JAM.). N.I.1 Away to the
hills, Away in the mind, gone mad.
2. Wearing away, reduced in strength.
Sc. He's awa to skin an' bane (JAM. Suppl.}. Bnff.1 He's unco
sair awa wee't sin' a wiz in scein' him last.
3. To be away with, deprived of, bereft of prosperity ;
rid of. With ellipsis of v. : to get rid of, spend, squander.
Sc. He's clean awa wi't noo ; naebody trusts him [of one broken
in credit] (JAM. Suppl.}. Bnff.1 He ance cairrit on a gey stir ; bit
sair awa wee't noo. Yks. When he does earn money, he aways
with it in drink (C.C.R.). n.Yks.2 I thowt I was clean away wi't
[said of a complaint or illness].
4. Intensive : considerably, at any rate, certainly.
n.Yks.2 She's further than me by age, away. I wouldn't stint
it for size-away. e.Yks. Ah's weel aneeaf off fo' cleeas [clothes]
away, bud Ah's badly off fo' money away. Weather's varry mahld
fo' tahm o'year away, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (June 20, 1891) ; e.Yks.1
Up bi knees away. n.Lin.1 He's ohder than her by aage awaay,
bud she looks fit to be his muther.
5. Comp. (i) Here-away(s, hereabouts, in this direction;
there-, (2) in that direction, (3) approximately, there-
abouts ; (4) where-, where, whereabout.
(i) Ayr. Here awa, there awa, Wandering Willie, Here awa,
there awa, haud awa name, BURNS Wandering Willie. Edb. I be-
lieve he came to some untimeous end hereaway about, MOIR Mansic
\Vauch (1828) 82. Gall. I didna ken he was hereawa', CROCKETT
Bog-Myrtle (1895) 38. Ir. I saw the smoke coming out of the
bog hereaway, when I passed th' other day, Paddiana (1848) I.
108. Nhb. The vera last fairy that ever was seen hereaway,
RICHARDSON Borderer's Table-bk, (1846) VII. 37 ; That's a gran'
tien ye've been playin'. It's not kent, here-away, CLARE Love of
Lass (1890) 1. 34 ; Nhb.1 In these collieries here-a-way, I am
affraid, there are not many dare venture of it, Compleat Collier (1708 ,
29. Cum. Do ye live hereaway (E.W.P.) ; Cum.1, e.Yks.1 Lin.
Sequere hac me intus. Follow me in this way, or hereaway,
BERNARD Terence (1629) 94. n.Lin.1! hevn't seen him hereawaays
sin' Jewne. e-An.1 Hereaways. Som. JENNINGS Obs.Dial. w.Eng.
(1825). (2) n.Yks.2 e.Yks.1 Watther raze aboot up ti there
away, MS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks.1 n.Lin.1 I doan't knaw reightly
wheare he lives noo, bud its aaither at Spittle, or somewheare
theare awaays on. Lei.1, I.W.1 w.Som.1 You can't zee the
church herefrom, but he lies out there away. (3) Sc. Kipple-
tringan was distant . . . four mile or thereawa, SCOTT Guy M.
(1815) i. s.Ir. Twenty-five miles.— Aye, something thereaway,
LOVER Leg. (1848) II. 405. Som. JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng. (1869).
Cor. A sturdy fellow of fifty or thereaway, BOTTRELL Trad.
(l873) 9a- (4) Edb. Some parish or other; but where-away,
Gude kens. MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) 5.
[A. 1. Come away, come away death, SHAKS. Twelfth
Nt. ii. iv. 52 ; Wi> be kyng he jode away, Cursor M. (c.
1300) 8067. 2. For ' get you gone ' she doth not mean
' away ! ' SHAKS. Two Gent. in. i. 101 ; Awaye fro me, ye
wycked, GREAT BIBLE (1539) Ps. cxix. 115. 3. The
calling of assemblies I cannot away with, BIBLE Isa.i. 13;
I can nat away with my wyfe, she is so needy, je ne
puts poynt durer auecques ma femme, elk est si testue,
PALSGR. 475 ; All men can not awaye with that sayinge,
TINDALE Matt. xix. ii. The phr. is to be explained
by ellipsis of a vb. I cannot away with=' I cannot get on
the way (or along) with.' B. 1. Rachel mournynge for
hir children, and wolde not be comforted, because they
were awaye, COVERDALE Jer. xxxi. 15.]
AWAY-GEEAT, see Way-gate.
AWD, see Old.
AWE, v. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Also
written owe N.I.1 Dur.1 ne.Yks.1 ; aa Sc. Nhb.1 [a, ou.]
1. In interrog. phr. Who's awe? foil, by direct obj.: who
is possessed of? to whom belongs ? See Aught, Owe.
Sc. Quheae's aa thyr duiks ? Quheae was aa thys hoose afuore
yee bowcht it ? This construction can only be used with the inter-
rog. and rel. and some indef. pronouns, as sumbodie, neaebodie,
oniebodie, quheaever, MURRAY Dial. (1873) 193. n.Ir. O boys,
here's a funeral ! Whose owe it? N. & Q. (1873) 4th S. xii. 159.
N.I.1 Who's owe it ? Nhb. Here is a glove, whose owe it ? N. tf Q.
(1873) 4th S. xii. 6 ; Nhb.1 Whee's aa the handkersher ? [s.v. Owe.]
Whee's aa'd ? Dnr.1 Whose owe it ? Wheah's awe this hat ? Cum.2
Whee's awe this? n-Yks.1 • Whceas o' thee!' is the question
AWE-BAND
[101]
AWHILE
commonly put to unknown children, meaning, who owns you?
' Wheea's aw"t?' is absolute, 'Wheea's owght? ' takes a case after
it; n.Yks.2 Whceas ow't ? m.Yks.'Whea's o'thee? [whom do you
belong to?]
2. Who's owes, by confusion with the construction v.<lu>
owes (owns).
ne.Yks.1 Only used interrogatively in such expressions as
'Wheea's owes it?' 'Wheea's awes t'box?' m.Yks.1 Whca's
owes this ?
AWE-BAND, sb. Sc. Also written awbun. [a'-band,
9--bun.]
1. A rope or band for fastening cattle to the stake.
Sc. Wull never tak the awbun frae her neck, OCHILTREE Red-
burn (1895) viii. Lnk., Lth. QAM.)
2. Fig. A check, restraint.
Sc. The dignified looks of this lady proved such an aweband on
the giddy young men, that they never once opened their mouths
JAM.).
[2. Awebands (not much used), a check, ASH (1795) ;
An awe-band, a check upon, BAILEY (1721) ; The thenis
tuk sic feir, dredand that the said castel suld be an aw-
band aganis thame, BELLENDEN Cron. (1536) XII. 15 (JAM.).
Awe in sense of ON. agi, discipline, constraint + band.}
AWEBOUND, ppl. adj. Sc. Yks. Also written aw-
bund JAM. ; awebund n.Yks.1 ne.Yks.1 m.Yks.1 ; awbun
n.Yks.2 [a-bun, p'bun.] Under restraint or discipline,
submissive to authority.
Rxb. ( JAM.) n.Vks.1 ; n.Yks.2 They're sadly ower little awbun
[too slightly disciplined]. They were awbun nowther wi' God
nor man [they disregarded all laws, human and Divine]. We were
awbun te t'spot [we were thrilled with the solemn effect of the
place]. ne.Yks.1 In fairly common use. Ah nivver was awebun'
tiv him. m.Yks.1
[Awe + bound, pp. of bind.}
AWEE, see Wee.
AWEEL, int. Sc. [awrl.] Ah well ! well then !
Sc. Aweel, it's the worst thing I ken aboot, SCOTT Rob Roy ',1817)
vi ; Aweel, the sum of the matter is ... that I would hae amends,
Hi. Midlothian (1818) iv. Fif. Aweel, wha was daunderin' doon
the . . . Canongate . . . but my auld frien's. M'LAREN Tibbie and
Tarn (1894) 28. Gall. Aweel, aweel, this is matter that requires
management, NICHOLSON Hist. Tales (1843) 68.
[For lit. E. Ah well! Cp. Fr. eh bien.'}
AWEERS, adv. Sc. In phr. to be aweers of, to be on
the point of, about to.
Abd. She wiz 'at provokin' 'at I wiz aweers o' giein' 'er a skelp
o' the lug (P.G.) ; It was aweers o' foalin' Sarnie, ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb (1871) xl.
AWELT, ppl. adj. Sc. Nhb. Wm. Also written
awelled, avel Sc. ; aweld Nhb.1 Of a sheep : lying on
its back and unable to move. Cf. awald, award, awk-
ward.
Dmf. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (,1863). Gall. To assure himself
that there were no stragglers lying frozen, or turned avel in the
lirks of the knowes, CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (1895) 280. Nhb.1
Some cauld mornin they'll fin' ye, I ween Lyin awelt and frozen
by Wa' bittle Dene, ARMSTRONG Anither Sang(iS^). Wm.1 Yan
o' t'hogs awelt in t'garth.
[A- (pref.l°) + welt, pp. ON. velta, to roll, set rolling; cp.
Goth, wait/an. See Awald.]
AWES, sb. pi. Sc. HAM.) Also written aws.
1. Of a mill-wheel : the buckets or projections on the
rim which receive the shock of the water as it falls.
Sh.I. The water falls upon the awes, or feathers of the tirl, Unst
Statist. Ace. V. 191.
Hence Open-awed, adj.
Fif. When the water is applied to a wheel abreast the axle and
the floats are flat, that sort of wheel is called an open-awed wheel
(J.M.).
2. Of a windmill : the sails or shafts.
Jl. Aubes, the short boords which are set into the out-
e of a water-mills wheel ; we call them ladles, or avc
boords, COTGR.]
AWESOME, adj. and adv. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan.
Lin. Nrf. Also written awsome (JAM.) N.Cy.1 n.Yks.2
w.Yks.5 ne.Lan.1 n.Lin.1 ; awsom Cum.1 ; aasome Nhb.1
[a'sam, o'sain.]
A. adj.
1. Awful, appalling, terrifying.
Sc. He was sic an awsome body, that naebody cared to anger him,
Scorr Redg. (1824) xi ; Sic awsome language as that I ne'er heard
out o' a human thrapple, ib. Rob Roy (1817) xxx ; During these ex-
clamations the awesome din resounded muckle mair, Blackzv. Mag.
(Nov. 20, 1820) 146 (JAM.). Ayr. This is an unco awsome house
for you tolive in, GALTSirA. Wylie ( 1822) Ix. Rxb. The awsome
whirl-blast seemed to fill The whole creation, RIDDELL Poet. Wks.
(1871) I. !9O. N.Cy.1 The lightning was awsome. Nhb.1 The
sect on't wis aasome. Cum. This awesome thing is like to turn
the lad's heed, CAINE Shad. Crime (1885) 103; Cum.1 n.Yks.2
He let flee an awsome curse [he swore tremendously]. m.Yks.1,
ne.Lan.1 nXin.1 A woman speaking of a burning oatstack said,
' Treas look'd bewtiful when leet fra stack shined on 'em at neet,
bud it was real awsum, it was.' w.Nrf. T'war an awesome sight,
ORTON Beeston Ghost (1884) n.
2. Susceptible to fear, terrified.
w.Yks.5 An awsome barn.
B. adv. Very, exceedingly, extremely.
Gall. She's an awesome still lassie, CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (.1895)
39; I wad like awsome well to sec the chap, ib. Popish Parson
(1896).
[A we + -some.]
AWF, sb. Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. War. Shr. Rdn.
Also written auf s.Chs.1 Stf.2 War.3 Shr.1 ; aufe n.Yks.2 ;
naufShr.1 [?f.]
1. An elf, fairy.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). n.Yks.12, Lan.1 Der. GROSE (1790),
nw.Der.1
2. Comp. (i) Awf-bore, a knot-hole in a board, sec
Elf-bore; (2) -shot, -shotten, (3) -strucken, see below.
n.Sc. According to vulgar tradition, an auwis-bore has been made
by the fairies (JAM.). n.Yks. An awf-bore [is] a hole in deal-board-
ing occasioned by the dropping out of a shrunken knot, ATKINSON
Maori. Parish (1891) 66. (2) n-Yks.1 Awf-shot, an arrow-head
of flint, or other like material, of prehistoric origin, but alleged
by popular superstition to have been fabricated and used in
malice by the elves or fairies ; n.Yks.2 To cure an awfshotten
animal, it must be touched with one of the arrows or ' aufshots,'
and the water administered in which an arrow has been dipped.
(3) n.Yks.2 Awfstrucken, equivalent to Awfish.
3. A foolish person, simpleton.
n.Yks.1 Lan. Yon cankard awf, KAY-SHUTTLEWORTH Scars-
dale (1860) II. 163 ; Lan.1 What an awf wur I to pretend rime well
yo, TIM BOBBIN Eawther an his £«£ ( 1 750) 36. e.Lan.1 s.Chs.1
Tha grat auf, tha't fit for nowt bu' root i' th' ess-hole. Stf.2
Der.1 Used adjectivally. Wor.3 You gret awf, what are you
cuffin' that little 'un for ? Shr.1 'E took me for a nauf, but 'e fund
'is match. Rdn. MORGAN Words (1881).
[1. Say that the fayrie left this aulfe, And took away
the other, DRAYTON Agincourt, &>c. (1627) 119 (N.E.D.). 2.
Auff or elf, a fool, or silly fellow, KERSEY (1715) ; An
auff, stultus, ineptus, COLES (1679) ; Though he be an
aufe, a ninny, a monster, BURTON Anat. Mel. (1621), ed.
1836, 229. OE. (elf, an elf; cp. ON. alfr.]
AWF, see Argh.
AWFISH, see Awvish.
AWHEELS, adv. Lan. War. [awrlz.] On wheels,
swiftly.
neXan.1 It went awheels. War. (J.R.W.)
[The world runs a-wheels, BEN JONSON Vision of Delight
(1617)118. A-,on + wAeel(s.]
A-WHICHN(S, adv. and pron. phr. Chs. Der.
[awi-tfan(z.]
1. adv. In which way. See Whichns. Cf. athatns,
athisns.
s.Chs.1 Tha mun look at it a-this-n. — A-which-n ?
2. interrog. pron. Which ?
Der. Give it to the lad. — A-which-'ens ? — The little one (H. R.).
[A-, on + which + 'n(s (en(s). The n is the same suff. as
appears in his'n (=his one).
AWHILE, adv., prep, and conj. Yks. Stf. Not. Lei.
Nhp. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Oxf. Brks. Also written
awaal, awhahl Yks. ; awhilde Shr.1 [awaH, awoi'l.]
1. adv. As yet.
n.Yks.2 I can t do it a-while.
AWHILST
[102]
AWP
2. phr. With can or cannot : to have time, be at leisure.
w.Yks. (S.K.C.) s.Stf. I can't awhile just yet, PJNNOCK Bit.
Cy. Ann. (1895). Not.1 Lei.1 Ah cain't awoil asyettus [as yet-
ways]. Nhp.You couldn't awhile to speak tome, Melia's Mag. (1896)
149 ; Nhp.1 I'm so busy I can't awhile. War. I must go down
again, for I can't awhile to stay, GEO. ELIOT Mr. Gilfil (1858)
xvi. s.War.1 ; War.2 I'll attend to you when I can awhile ;
War.3 Wor. (H.K.), se.Wor.1 s.Wor.1 I can't awhile to stop
now ; I got my washin' agate. Shr.1 Can yo' awilde to draw
the drink ? The men bin gwein to the fild. Hrf.1 : Hrf.2 When
I can awhile. Glo. (A. B.); Glo.1 Oxf.1 I will do it when I can
awhile, MS. add.
3. A short time ago. Also in the form awhihs.
Brks.1 He was yer awhiles, but 'ood'nt waait no langer.
4. prep. Until. See While.
ne.Yks.1 He ligged i bed awhahl dinner tahm. e.Yks. An varry
few fooaks gat ti bed awhahl three, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 41 ;
e.Yks.1 Ah sail stop awaal Maatlemas.
5. con/. While.
War.2 Lay the cloth awhile I make the tea. Shr.1 Now then,
be sharp an wesh them tuthree things awilde I get the batch i' the
oven.
A WHILST, j*re/>. n.Lin. [awai'lst] Until.
n.Lin.1
A-WHOAM, see A-home.
A-WHUMMIL, adv. Sc. Also written a-homel QAM.).
Turned upside down : applied to a vessel which lies
bottom upwards.
Per. A-homel, a-whummel, are used, but are not general ;
whummel is quite common (G.W.). Rxb. (JAM.)
[A-, on + whummil (to overturn), q.v.]
AWK, sb., adj. and adv. Obsol. or Obs. Yks. e.An.
s.Cy. Also written auk N.Cy.12, (K.), GROSE.
1. sb. A stupid, clumsy person.
w.Yks. WILLAN List Wds. (1811). [Not known to our corre-
spondents.]
2. adj. Of persons or things : awkward, untoward.
N.Cy.1 Ess. Ill husbandry drowseth at fortune so auke, TUSSER
Husbandrie (1580) 140, St. 13. s.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; RAY (1691) :
HOLLOWAY. [(K.)]
3. adv. Of bells : inverted, confused.
e-An.1 Bells are ' rung awk ' to give alarm of fire. This is the
only connexion in which the word is used among us. Nrf.1
[1. Auk, untoward, COLES (1677) ; Awke or angry,
contrarius, bilosus, perversus, Prompt. 2. Ringing as awk
as the bells, to give notice of the conflagration, LESTRANGE
Fables (1694) ccci (N.E.D.). This word is found in many
Germ. dial. : Kurhessen afk, afk (also abich), perverse
^LMAR) 5 Saxony afke, a silly, stupid woman (BERGHAUS) ;
KFns. afke, a stupid person (KOOLMAN).]
AWKIR, sb., usually pi. Sc. In phr. to ding, knock,
drive to awkir, or awkirs, to break to atoms, dash in pieces.
Abd. (JAM.) Bnff.1 He dreeve doun the leukin'-glass. an'
dang t in awkirs. Not used in the sing.
AWKWARD, adj. In gen. use in n. and midl. counties ;
also Hmp. Wil. Som. Also written aakert Nhb.1;
aukert Wm.1 ; akard w.Yks.1; akwert n.Yks.1; okard
m.Lan.'; ockerd Hrf.2 See below, [p'kad, p-kat
93'kad.]
1. Of persons or animals : perverse, obstinate, difficult
to manage, bad-tempered.
Nhb.1, Wm i Yks. Na, doant be awkward ; let's agree while
we real it, Yks. Wkly. Post (June 9, l883). n.Yks. (I.W?) ; n.Yks.1
He s bad to do with : he's as awkert as awkert ne.Yks.1 He
wer varry okkard aboot it. w.Yks. Well, yo'v no keishun ta bi
TT j '•vy- j j "•»**-»• . c.j^aii.-, ni.i*an. iNot.
He turned very awkerd when they wanted to take away that bit
o land. His horse turned
the
h,s- ar as awar can be, PEACOCK Taales (.889) 66 ;
this,sid<: "'.Hell 'at's warse thenlivin'
o ae away at t
o land. His horse turned awkerd and he couldn't get him past
the lane end (L.C M.) ; Not.1 n.Lin. Soa he falls tomakkin' on
h,s-sen as awkard as awk'ard can be, PEACOCK Taales (.889) 66 ;
' ''
omicidal tendencies. War.2 He's an
awkward man to reason with. A bull's a okurd bruteto meddle
with ; War.3 Oh let 'im aloan, e's a very awk'ard child, 'e'll goo
and do it by' an' by', when I want 'im to be doin' summut else.
s.War.1, s.Wor.1 Shr.1 Oukit folks. Hrf.2 Maister be very arkard
this morning. Glo.1 What's the good of you bein' so ockurd ?
Oxf.1 MS. add. Hmp.1 He's rather an orkard horse. She's rather
orkard if anything upsets her. Wil. I'll be just as akkerd as ever
I knows how (E.H.G.). w.Som.1 Nif he don't vind Jim a awkard
customer vor to 'an'le [handle], you tell me, that's all.
Hence Awkwardness, Awkwards, sb. perverseness,
obstinacy, impracticability.
n.Yks.1 Ah niwer seen nowght like his awkertness. w.Yks.
(J. R.) nXin.1 Th' lad's up to his awk'ards to-neet. Thoo's as full
of awk'ardness as thoo can stick ; sw.Lin.1 It's nothing but a bit
i >f awkwardness.
2. Of things : perverse, unfavourable. Of the weather or
crops : uncertain.
n.Yks. Awkud weather (I.W.) Lei. E az sich u auk'erd
temper (C.E.). s.Wor.1, Hrf.2 Glo.1 Taters has been rather
ockurd this turn.
3. Backward, back-handed.
Cum. Graeme gae Bewick an ackward stroke, GILPIN Ballads
(1866) 468.
[1. Pervers, perverse, cross, aukward, froward, COTGR. ;
Awkwarde, frowarde, peruers, PALSGR. 2. Twice by
awkward wind from England's bank Drove back again,
SHAKS. 2 Hen. VI, HI. ii. 83. 3. I rynge aukewarde, as
men do whan houses be afyre, or whan ennemyes be
comyng, PALSGR. Awk, q.v. + -ward, formed like backward,
froward.]
AWKWARD, adv. Dur. Yks. Also in form ackwards
n.Cy. Yks.; akward Dur.1; awkud n.Yks.; akwerd,
akwert ne.Yks.1 [§-kad, p-kat.] Backwards; said of
animals lying on their backs and unable to rise. Cf.
awald, award.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). Dur.1 A sheep is said to be ' laid akward.'
Yks. (K.), n.Yks. (I.W.) ne.Yks.1 In fairly common use. Ah
fun yan o' Simpson yows laad akwert. In Cleveland ' rigged ' is
the usual word.
AWKWARDLY, adj. Cum. Yks. [^kadli.] Awk-
ward, troublesome, clumsy.
Cum. An awkwardly job (W.K.); He's a girt awkwardly
fellow (J. A.) ; A girt awkertly fell-heed daal lad, WAUGH Rambles
in Lake Cy. (1861) 175. w.Yks. THORESBY Lett. (1703) ; w.Yks.4
[Awkward+-ly (adj. suff.), OE. -tic.}
AWL-BIRD, sb. Cor. [p-l-bad.] The green Wood-
pecker, Gecinus viridis.
Cor. Also called Wood-awl, Hood-awl, SWAINSON Birds (1885)
100. [FORSTER Swallow (1817) 70.]
[Comp. of aw!, the tool for piercing holes.]
AWM, see Halm.
AWMOUS, see Almous.
AWMUCKS, sb. Sh.I. A kind of fish found upon
sandy beaches. Also called Aggucks, q.v.
S. & Ork.1 There are ' ling-awmucks,' ' skate-awmucks,' and
' shell-awmucks ' ; they possess the power of inflating their bodies.
AWN, see Own.
AWNDER, see Undern.
AWNED, see Aund.
AWNTLINGS, sb.pl. n.Yks. [§-ntlinz.l The bristles
of barley.
n.Yks.2
[Awn (the beard of corn or grass) + -ling, with epenth. /.]
AWNY, adj. Sc. Cum. Also written awnie. [a'ni,
9'ni.] Of barley or wheat : having awns or beard.
Sc. In shaggy wave, the awny grain Had whiten'd owre the
hill an plain, PICKEN Poems (1788) 144 QAM.). Ayr. An' aits set
up their awnie horn, BURNS Sc. Drink (1786). Cum. (E.W.P.)
[Awn + -y.}
A-WORTH, aav. Som. Dev. [awa-J>.] Worth.
w.Som.1 Almost invariably so used, even in such common
phrases as ' Tidn a-wo'th while,' ' He wad-n a-wo'th tuppence.'
Dhu sprang-kur lid-n u waeth main-deen [the watering-pot is not
worth mending]. nw.Dev.1
[A- (pref.10) + worth.}
AWP, sb.1 Sc. [ap.] The Curlew. Also called
Whaup, q.v.
Sc. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 200.
AWPS
[103]
AX
AWP(S, sb.2 and adj. Dur. Yks. Lan. Written aup
N.Cy^Dur^ne.Lan^so. ; hawps GROSE, ne.Lan.1 adj. [§p.]
1. A wayward, mischievous child.
N.Cy.1, Dur.1 w.Yks.1 As soon as t'lile aups hed clapt his een on
this fine fellow, ii. 292.
2. A stupid, clumsy, ' gawky ' person ; also used as adj.
w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. Lan. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) ; ne.Lan.1
Hence Awping, adj., Awpish, adv. clumsy, awkward.
w.Yks. A gurt awpin' lad (JE. B.) ; What are you doing, you
great, awping fellow ? He looks rather awpish, Hlfx. Wds.
AW -PUCK, sb. Obsol. se.Wor. The will-o'-the-wisp.
se.Wor. Most of the older people in Little Comberton know this
name for the ignis fattius , which is also called Pinkit, Hobbady-
lantern, and Jack and his lantern. Awpuck was supposed to be
the most malicious species (J.S.) ; se.Wor.1
AWR, see Arr, Hour.
AWS. see Ox.
AWSE, see Oss.
AWT, see Out.
AWTE, sb. Sc. The direction in which a stone or
piece of wood splits ; the grain ; a flaw in a stone.
Sc. In common use. That awte i' the stane macks't o' nae eess
[use]. The tree is hard i' the awte (W.G.). Mry., Nai., Abd. (JAM.)
AWTER, see Halter.
AWTHER, adj., pron., adv. and conj. Yks. Lan. Der.
Also written auther w.Yks. ; orther w.Yks.5 ; other
w.Yks.2 Der.2 nw.Der.1 ; ather w.Yks.2 ; oather s. and
e.Lan. nw.Der.1 [9'tSa(r), o3'tSa(r).] See Other.
1. adj. Either ; each.
w.Yks. Tak auther one, Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.2 Lan.1 The s. and
e.Lan. form is ' oather.' nw.Der.1
2. pron. Either.
w.Yks. WRIGHT Gram. JVndhll.(i8ga)4$, 126; w.Yks.2; w.Yks.5
Tak orther on 'em, which yuh like ! Orther o' them two did it.
Lan. ' Oather'll do,' said the joiner, BRIERLEY Irkdale (1865) xviii.
Lan.1 Which is the right pronunciation of either — is it eether or
eyether? — Oather will do [said to have been a schoolmaster's
answer to the question of his pupil]. nw-Der.1
3. adv. Either.
Yks. She's noan fit for t'serve swine, nor yo' other, mester,
GASKELL Sylvia ( 1863) II. i. w.Yks. Havvin abaht a dozen gret
fat brussen gamkeepers at as heels o'ther, BYWATER Sheffield
Dial. (1839) i. 2.
4. conj. Either, as correl. to or.
w.Yks.5 Orther goa ur let me goa. Lan. Aw'd oather ha'
Jamie or noan, WAUGH Sngs. (1866) 23 ; It wur oather Sladen
or t'dule, KAY-SHUTTLEWORTH Scarsdale (1860) II. 315 ; Aulus
oather rain or dust here, BRIERLEY Cotters, xv ; Lan.1 Der.2 I'll
Other mak coals or slack on it ; nw.Der.1
[Of all be prisuns bat bar was bat ober (v.r. auber, or) in
prisun war or band, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 4437 ; All bat met
hym . . . auther dyet of his dynttes or were ded wondit,
Vest. Troy (c. 1400) 6528 ; Yf bpu fynde awdir lande or
tree, York Plays (c. 1400) 52; Outher he dyes for thaim
or thai perisch fra him, HAMPOLE Ps. xxx. 8 (com.). OE.
awder, d-hwceder, either.]
AWTHET, int. Obs.l Cum. A term used to direct
horses to turn to the left (E.W.P.).
AWTS, see Orts.
AWVER, see Over.
AWVISH, adj. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. War. Also
written auvish n.Yks.2 w.Yks.1 s.Chs.1 ; awfish n.Yks.1 2
w.Yks. ; hawfish n.Yks.2 Stf. [9'viJ, 9'fiJ.] Silly, dull,
clownish, mischievous.
n.Yks.12 w.Yks.1 ; w.Yks.5 ' Nobbut a bit awvish by t'seet on
him,' is said of a staring, stupid-looking countryman. Lan.
I little thawt ut th' felle . . . wur pleyink sich un awvish, ill-
mannurt trick, BUTTERWORTH Sequel Dial. (1819) 25 ; They han
sich awvish ways in a country place, WAUGH Tattlin' Matty, 325 ;
Lan.1 Keep out of his road, aw tell thi ; he's an awvish nowty
felly ; e.Lan.1 Chs. He's so awvish when he's in drink. Go and
do your work, and don't be so awvish (E.M.G.); Chs.1, s.Chs.1
s.Stf. [Of feigned stupidity] He took on himself haufish-like, but
he was loffin' in his sleeve all the while, PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann.
(18951. nw.Der.1, War. (J.R.W.)
Hence Awvishly, adv. stupidly, queerly.
Lan.1 When he coom in ogen, he glooart awvishly at Mezzil
fease, TIM BOBBIN View Dial. (1746) 53, ed. 1819.
[ME. aluisch (elfish) occurs in Gawaine (c. 1340) 681.
Hence the form awvish. Awfish is a new formation.
Awf, q.v. + -is/i.]
AWVISH, adv. Dur. Yks. Also written awfish
n.Yks.2 w.Yks.; hawfish n.Yks.2; haufish e.Yks.1
[g-vij, 9'fiJ.]
1. Slightly unwell, out of sorts, ' seedy.'
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). Dur. (A.B.) n-Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 I feel
myself queer and awfish, nowther seik to lig nor weel te gan.
ne.Yks. In common use (M.C.F.M.). w.Yks. BANKS Wkfld. Wds.
(1865) ; w.Yks.5 A person feels awvish when he has been up all
night.
2. Reluctant, undecided.
n.Yks.2, m.Yks.1 e.Yks.1 Ah thowt o' gannin tl Hedon tc-day,
but this rain maks ma varry haufish aboot it.
[Prob. for halfish. Half+ -ish.}
AWVISHNESS, sb. Lan. [^vifnas.] Disagreeable
behaviour, perversity.
Lan. We'rn driven to it bi his hawvishness, MELLOR Uncle
Owdem (1867) 25 ; Conduct she described as being ' downreet
auvishness ' on our part, BRIERLEY Cast upon World (1886) 198.
[Awvish (adj.), q.v. + -ness.]
AX, sb.1 Sc. Nhb. Also in Nhp. Wor. Glo. Ken. Sur.
Sus. Hmp. I.W. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Also written eaxe,
yax Ken.1 ; yex Ken. Sur. ; ix Sus.12 Hmp.1 ; ex Sc.
Nhp.1 Glo.1 Suf.1 I.W.2 Wil.1 Dor.1 Som. Dev. ; aix Nhb.1
[aks, yaks ; eks, yeks.]
1. The axle or axle-tree of a cart, wagon, &c.
Glo.1 Ken. De yex is broak (H.M.) ; Ken.1 Sur. A labourer
told me that the snow was up to the yex of the wagons, N. & Q.
(1866) 3rd S. ix. 80. Sus.", Hmp.1, I.W.2, Wil.1, Dor.1 Som.
JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825); SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl.
(1885). Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. ^M.)
2. The axis of a wheel.
Glo.1, Dor.1
3. Comp. Ax-tree, an axle-tree.
Sc. (JAM.) Nhb.1, Nhp.1, se.Wor.1, Suf.1
[2. OE. cex, 'axis,' Epinaland Corpus Gl. (SWEET O.E.T.
36 and 43) ; cp. G. achse. 3. Heav'n's huge ax-tree,
DRAYTON Mooncalf (NARES) ; Axis, an axetre, DUNCAN
App. Elym. (1595) ; Axis, an ex-tree, COOPER Thes. (1565) ;
Exultre, or Ex tre, Prompt. OE. cex-treo.]
AX, si.2 Yks. [aks.] A question.
n.Yks.2 There need be neea ax about it,
[The same word as Ax, v.]
AX, v. In gen. dial, use in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also
written ex Cum. Wm. n.Yks.1 w.Yks. Lan.1 se.Wor.1 Glo.1
Som. [aks, eks.] To ask, in its var. lit. meanings. See
also Ask, v.1
Sc. He axet lifie o' thee, an' thou giefist it him, RIDDLE Ps.
(1857) xxi. 4 ; The peeple axet, an' he broucht quails, ib. cv. 40.
Ir. I was on'y axin' what was in it, BARLOW Lisconnel (1895)
235. s.Ir. I am often axed to tell it, sir, CROKER Leg. (1862) 141.
Nhb. Gan to Newcassel and ax the reel nyem, GILCHRIST Sngs.
(1824) n. Cum.1; Cum.3 Kindly ex't to t'Kersmas feeast, 82.
Wm. A feal ex'd wha is my neighbour, HUTTON Bran New Wark
(1785) 1. 139. Yks. Ax an' hev', Prov. in Brighouse News (Aug.
10, 1889). n.Yks. Ah nivver axt him, TWEDDELL Clevel. Rhymes
(1875) 65 ; n.Yks.1 e.Yks. They gat it all up, an then axt Ned,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 34. w.Yks. He axes her some sooart ov
a gaumless question, HARTLEY Budget (1867) 4; 'E exed fifty or
fifty-five poond for t'tit (F.P.T.) ; It's for mother's sake I axes ye,
MACQUOID Doris Barugh (1877) xvi. Lan. Afore Au've axt a
blessin, BRIERLEY Layrock (1864) iv ; Go and ax after them,
GASKELL^/. Barton (i848)xxv; Lan.1 A slonkin sooart of achapext
for a leet job, BARBER Forness Flk. (1870) 21. Yo're noan shaume-
faced ; yo axen [or ashen] for anoof. Stf.2 Mary sed her'd 'a
married Jack 'ersel — if e'd ony 'a axed her to. Not.2 He axed me
summut as I knowed nowt about. Lin. Summun 'ed hax'd fur
a son, an' 'e promised a son to she, TENNYSON Owd Rod (1889).
n.Lin. Oot cums his wife an' axes him what aails him, PEACOCK
Tales and Rhymes (1886) 61. Wor. I didn't ax 'im fust, nor never
don't (H.K.). Glo. If yu'l only ex ur, Why John (Coll. L.L.B.).
Mid. What's the good o' that, I arx you ? KIPLING Bndalia (1890)
7. Ken.1 I axed him if this was the way to Borden. Sur. He
axes if we's nuthing hot to keep 'ee from starving, BICKLEY Sur.
Hills (1890) I. i ; Sur.1 He was axing on us the other day. I.W.2
He axed me to litter-up vor'n. Wil.1 The doctor axed un how
AX
[104]
AYE
a wur, 211. Dor. An' who, you mid ax, be my praYses A-meaken
so much o'? BARNES Poems (1869) 14. Dev. Tharewiswan purty
gal, . . . Who ax'd mer ta gie hur a bit uv a zwing, NATHAN HOGG
Poet. Lett. (1847) 8, ed. 1865 ; Gie ta hee thit axith thee. BAIRD
St. Matt. (1863) v. 42. Cor. In th' day when she shall be ax'd for,
NETHERTON Sng. Sol. (1859) viii. 8; Cor.2 Ax en [him]. Colloq.
Though the sacristans now are 'forbidden to ax' For what
Mr. Hume calls a ' scandalous tax,' BARHAM Ingoldsby (1840) 19.
[Amer. Now considered a vulgarism. I ax'd the postmaster if
there was anything for me, BARTLETT.]
[It is axed at the mouth of the wyse, COVERDALE (1535)
Ecclus. xxi. 17 ; Axe, and it shalbe geven you, TINDAI.E
(1526) Matt. vii. 7 ; How sholde I axen mercy of Tisbe,
CHAUCER Leg. G. W. 835 ; Whanne he schal axe, what
schal Y answere to hym? WYCLIF (1388) Job xxxi. 14.
OE. acsian (dxian), to ask. See Ask.]
AX, see Ash, Ask.
AXABLE, adj. Ken. Of an age suitable for marriage.
Ken. (A.M.)
AXE, FLOWER OF THE, phr. Dev. Lobelia urens.
Dev. Applied by the country-people about Axminster to this
rare flower, which grows on Kilmington Common, near that town.
[Named fr. the river Axe.J
AXEN, sb. pi. Obsol. Pern. Glo. Hmp. Wil. Dor.
Som. Dev. Also written acksen Wil.1 [a'ksan, ae'ksan.]
Dial, form of ashes.
Glo J s.Pem. Maary, drow that axen into the axen-pit. Obsol.
(W.M.M.) Hmp. & w.Cy. GROSE (1790). Wtl.1 Dor.1 His lips an'
his feace Wer so white as clean axen cood be, 230. Som. Here
niaaid, tccak show! and d'up axen, W. & }. Gl. (1837). Dev. See
Ash, sb.1 Z.
[Erthe and axen felle and bone, Pol. Songs, 203
(MATZNER) ; Holi axen a palm sunedai, Horn. (c. 1250) II.
99; On hjeran and on axan. Gospels (c. 1000) Matt. xi. 21.
OE. axan, ashes, pi. of axe, for asce. See Ash, si.1]
AXES, AXEY, see Access.
AXE-WORK, sb. Nhp. [a-ks-wsk.]
Nhp.1 Axe-work is building with stone that is prepared with
an axe, in contradistinction to ashler or chiselled stone. It is
the usual mode of building in this county.
AXLE, v. Yks. Written assle. [a-sl.] To furnish
with an axle-tree.
n.Yks. He's assled me my cart, and it gans as weel as a new
un (I.W.).
AXLE-HEAD, sb. Cum. The back portion of the jaw
which contains the molars or ' axle-teeth,' q.v.
Cum. It meaad ivery teuth eh me assel-heid chatter, SARGISSON
Joe Scoap (1881) 18.
AXLE-TOOTH, 5*. Sc. and all the n. counties to
Yks. and Lan. Also written axel- N.Cy.2 ; axil-
ne.Lan.1 ; axxle- w.Yks.1 ; assle- Rnf. Lnk. n.Cy. Dur.1
n.Yks.123 e.Yks.1; assal- Lnk. Wm.1 Lan.1 ; assil- N.Cy.1
Nhb.1 aYks.1 ne.Yks.1 w.Yks.5 ; assel- Cum. Yks. ; asil-
Rxb. ; aisle- Rnf. Lnk.; aizle- w. and s.Sc.; azzle- n.Yks.
[a-ksl-, e-zl-, a-zl-, a-sl-.] A molar tooth.
w. & s.Sc. (JAM. Suppl.) Rxb. Asil, asil-tooth (JAM.). N.Cy.12,
Nhb.1 Dur. A nut ed thoo canna crack, even wu the assle teeth,
EGGLESTONE Betty Podkins' Let. (1877) 5 ; Dur.1 Cum. Hoo many
assel teeth may a sheep hev oa tegidder ? SARGISSON Joe Scoap
( 1 88 1 ) 76; Cum.2 Cum. & Wm. Assle-tooth. Aa wadn't part wi't
—as suin part wi' my assel tuith (M.P.). Wm. That's wi ther
assal teeth bin edget wi ittan apples, Spec. Dial. (1885) 10 : Wm.1
Yks. Her grinding teeth, commonly called axle-teeth, KNOWLSON
Cattle Doctor (1834) 3. n.Yks." e.Yks. MARSHALL Kur. Econ.
(1788) ; e.Yks.1, w.Yks.1 Lan.1 Some co'n em wang an' others
assal-teeth. ne.Lan.1
[Axyltothe, molaris, Cath. Angl. ON. jaxl, a jaw-tooth,
grinder ; cp. Dan. axel-tand, Sw. oxeltand.]
AXLE-TREE, si. In addition to the ordinary pronunc.
of the word, the following forms occur : aizle-tree N I J •
^*iSJS-ls assel- Wm.1 n.Yks.1 ne.Yks.1; assil'
£,y' aNh?; ne-Lan-1 Nhp-1 ! assle- n.Cy. (GROSE) Dur.1
n.Yks.3 e.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 Sus. (HOLLOWAY) ; eshle- Lan J
ne.Lan.1; yexle- Ken.12; accles- Suf 1
AXLEWORTH, sb. Obs. ? Chs. A grinder.
Chs.13 [Not known to any of our correspondents.]
AX-WADDLE, sb. Obs. Som. Dev. Also written
-waddler Som. Dev.1 One who collects and deals inashes ;
hence, one who crouches over the fire, a dirty person.
w.Som. Wood ashes are no longer to be had and so the ax-
waddler's trade is extinct (F.T.E.). n.Dev. Thee wud ruckee,
and squattee, and doatee in the chimley coander lick an axwaddle,
Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 144; GROSE (1790); I doan't lick gurt ax-
waddle Sal, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) 12. Dev.1
[The same word as ax-waddle (vb.), q.v.]
AX-WADDLE, v. Obs. Dev.
1. To wallow on the ground.
Dev.i
2. To draw lines in the ashes.
n.Dev. Aliquando etiam designat lineolus in cineribus ducere
stipite ligneo, vice Poker, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
[Ax, see Ash, sb.1 + waddle (vb.), q.v.]
AY, int.1 Sc. Yks. Lin. Also written eh n.Lin.1 [e.]
1. An exclamation of surprise or wonder.
Sc. Monthly Mag. (1800) I. 324. n.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS. add.
(D.A.) w.Yks. Ay ! bonny little buttercup, what are ta dewin'
heear? BINNS in Keighley News(Mzr. 16. 1889) 7. n.Lin.1 Eh, but
she was a bonny lass, th' flooer o" 'em all.
AY, inf.' Var. dial. Usually written eh ; also eigh
N.Cy.1 Dur.1 [e.] An interrogative particle : what ?
what did you say ? See Eh.
N.I.1, N.Cy.1, Dur.1, w.Som.1
AY, int.' Dev. Also written hy. A call to attract
attention ; to have a hy to everybody, of a bold, forward, or
gossiping woman : to be ready to talk with a chance
acquaintance.
n.Dev. Enny body that deth bet zey Ay to tha, Exm. Scold.
(1746) 1. 234 ; Thee wut ha' a Hy to enny kessen soul, ib. 1. 232.
AY-DI-ME, int. phr. Sc. Nhb. An exclamation of regret
or pity ; cf. a-deary me.
Sc. (R.O.H.) Nhb.1 Ay-di-mi ! is often heard as a sigh by old
people.
[Corruption of Ah, dear we/]
AYDLE, see Addle, v*
AYE, adv.1 Sc. Nhb. Wm. Also (?) Der. Lin. War.
Also written ay Frf. Ayr. N.Cy.1 [e.]
1. Always, ever ; continually.
Sc. Be thou well, be thou wae, thou wilt not be aye sae, RAMSAY
Prov. (1737); The bairn aye held an unca wark wi' the Super-
visor, SCOTT Guy M. (1815) xi ; But aye she loot the tears down
fa', ib. Jock of Hazeldean ( 1816). Bnff. Weel, I canna be aye at his
heels, SMILES Sc. Natur. (1879) I. 9. Abd. She has aye some
bizziness or anideron han', ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xxxii.
Frf. A man canna be aye washin' at "imsel, BARRIE Thrums
(1889) 21, ed. 1895 ; That was ay Rob's way, ib. Minister (1891)
iv. Per. He aye seemed beyond man, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush
(1895) 39. Ayr. It's aye the cheapest lawyer's fee To taste the
barrel, BURNS Sc. Drink ( 1786). Slk. I aye gied as gude's I got,CHR.
NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) III. 189. Gall. He's aye sing, singin' at
his hymns, CROCKETT Stic/tit Min. (1893) 14. N.Cy.1 Nhb. But
aye the warst cast still comes last, RITSON N. Garl. (1810) 49.
Wm.1 ' Aye ' still used here, though ' allus ' [always] is gradually
taking its place. He's aye tellin t'seeam teeal. He's aye waren
t'brass [spending money]. Der.12 Lin. SKINNER (1671). Obs.
War. (J.R.W.)
2. For ever and aye, for ever and ever.
n.Cy..Nhb. GROSE (1790). Der. In common use (H.R.) ; Der.12,
War. (J.R.W.1) [(K.)]
[My synn is ay agayns me, HAMPOLE Ps. 1. 4; His
libertee this brid desireth ay, CHAUCER C. T. H. 174 ; He
that hath holy writ aye in hus mouthe, P. Plowman (c.)
xn. 31. OE. a, ever ; cp. ON. ei (ey).]
AYE, adv.2 Sc. Irel. and all the n. counties to Lan.
Stf. Der. Not. Lin. Also in Lei. War. Won Glo. and in
Sur. Sus. Hmp. Som. Dev. Cor. Also in forms ay Irel.
n.Yks^w.Yks.1 Not. n.Lin.1; I N.I.1 Sus. Hmp.(HoLLOWAY)
Som.; ai Nhb.1; aay nw.Der.1; ai Nhb.1; aey n. and
s.Cy. (GROSE) ; eigh N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Dur.1 Cum. Wm. w.Yks.1
Lan.1 ; ey Wm. e.Yks. n.Lin.1 ; ei w.Yks. ; eye n.Lin.1 ;
eyeh Nhb. ; eyh Wm. ; ah Not. nw.Der.1 Lei.1 s.War.1
w.Som.1 ; eea, eeah w.Yks. ; a Som. ; aw Stf. War.1
Won Con; hey n.Yks.2 e.Yks.1 n.Lin.1 ; hei w.Yks.1; hi
w.Yks. Lan.1 e.Lan.1; oi Sun; wyah n.Yks.2 e.Yks.;
weyey e.Yks. [ai, ei, oi, ia.]
AYE BUT
[105]
AYONT
1. Yes.
Abd.Ay,repliedJohnny,itwudbeagrandsicht,ALEXANDER./o/(«Hy
Gibb (1871) 42. Frf. What, no little Jeames 'at ran awa?— Ay,
ay, but he's a muckle stoot man noo, an' gey gray, BARRIE Thrums
(1889") xiii. N.I.1 S.IT. Well, where was I?— Oh, ay! CROKER
Leg. (1862) 247. N.Cy.1 Nhb. Is thee muther shoutin out— eyeh
that she is, BEWICK Howdy (1850) 10 ; Clap on the kettle, hinny.
—Aye, aye, aa'l clap't on (W.H.H.) ; Nhb.1 Dur. Is ta gaaen te
wark? — Aye, aye, sartenly I is! (W.H.H.); Dur.1 Cum. I axt
them if we gat oot here, and they sed eigh, SARGISSON Joe Scoaf>
(1881) 19. Wm. Different spots have their different pleasures,
eigh and difficulties tea, Bmn New Wark (1785) 1. 10; In the
vernacular 'yes' as an affirmative is practically unused (B. K.);
Wm.1 n.Yks.2 e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788); e.Yks.1 The
word ' yes ' is seldom heard in Holderness. w.Yks. Are you the
housekeeper ? — Eea, aw keep th' hause, BRONTE Wuthering Hts.
(1847) xxxii; 'Hei!' says mouse wi' a gurn, 'Bud folk ses owt
when ther i' drink,' HOWSON Cur. Craven (1850) 116; w.Yks.1
Wor the gentlefoak ? — Eigh, be ther talk they wor, ii. 296 ;
w.Yks.3 Lan. Hoo cou'd naw opp'n hur Meawth t'sey eigh or
now; boh simpert an sed iss, TIM BOBBIN View Dial. (1746)
27, ed. 1806; Lan.1, e.Lan.1 .Stf. (J.A.L.) Der.2 Aye, Mester,
I'm welly clemmed (s.v. Clam). nw.Der.1 s.Not Did yer graft
'em yoursen ? — Ah (J. P.K.). n-Lin.1 Did you voate for th' school
board ? — Eye, all five for th' chech an' noht at all for th' chapil.
s w.Lin.1 It is common to hear parents correct their children for
saying Aye and Nay (though they must doubtless have learnt it
from the parents themselves), and tell them they should say Yes
and No. But there seems to be no distinction made in their use,
whether as answers to questions framed in the affirmative or in
the negative. Lei.1 ' Ah ' is sometimes stronger than ' yes.' ' You'
leave them?' and he says 'Yes,' he says, 'yes, I'll leave them.'
'Yes be blamed,' I says, 'will you or won't you? Say "Ah, for
sure.'" War.1, s.War.1, s.Wor. (H.K.) Glo. GROSE (1790) MS.
add. (H.) Sur.Oi,minesterdidnamean it,BicKLEYS«>-..//i7fe(i89o)
I. v ; Snr.1 Ay ! it be an ungain place, I can tell 'ee. Sus. HOL-
LOWAY. Hmp. 'Ay 'is occasionally heard, but 'yes 'is more common
(T.L.O.D.). Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; w.Som.1
Bee'ul-s u-ad dhi naivugee'un? — Aa'U [Bill, hast had thy knife
again?— Yes]. Cor. Aw, my deer, so you shall, FORFAR Jan's
Crtship. (1859) st. 5.
2. Aye and like, yes, certainly ; aye-an'-tye, yes, if you
wish ; aye why.
Let1 Did you dine there to-day? — Hoy an' loike, Oi did. an'
all! (Cf. the cockney 'I believe you, my boy.') War.3 Dev.3
Midden I go til church, mawther? — Aye-an'-tye, but mind yii'm
'ome airly. n.Yks.2 Ay why, Eh why, very well ; yes, yes.
[(a) Ay, yes, BAILEY (1755) ; Ay, answer that if you
can, Sir, ADDISON Sped. No. 568. (6) I (yes), imo, maximi,
COLES (1679) ; / for yes is used in a hasty or merry way,
as / Sir, I Sir, GREENWOOD Eng. Gram. (1711) 159 (N.E.D.) ;
If he be slain, say ' I,' or if not, ' no,' SHAKS. R. &* J. in.
ii. 50.]
AYE BUT, conj. phr. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf.
Der. Lin. Also written abbut Nhb.1 w.Yks.235 ne.Lan.1
m.Lan.1 ; ah but n.Yks. ne.Lan.1 ; a-but n.Yks.1 n.Lin.1 ;
abbud w.Yks.5 ; abud e.Yks.1 ; aa bud ne.Yks.1 ; abber
Yks. Lan.1 nw.Der.1; abbur w.Yks.3 Chs.1; habbad
w.Yks. ; ebbat Wm. ; yabber w.Yks. [ai'bad, a- bod,
a'bst, a-ba(r).]
1. Yes ! but — , but ; expressing dissent from a previous
speaker, or qualifying what has been already said ; also
used as int. to denote admiration or surprise.
Nhb.1 Abbut aa'll not let ye. Wm. Ebbat, ses he, thoo mun gaa
a gae bit fardthre, Spec. Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 31. n.Yks. (I. W.) ;
n.Yks.1 A! but, that was a bigyan. ne.Yks.'Aa ! bud them's bon-
nie'uns. e.Yks.1 Aye-bud Ah wadn't gang if Ah was thoo. w.Yks.
I'se happen manage. — Abbud I woddant if I wor thee, Saunterer's
Satchel (1875) 38 ; Yabber o have, thah'cl as weel say o'm a loiar,
BYWATER Sheffield Dial. (1839) 18; w.Yks.23*; w.Yks.* Let muh
catch thuh thearagean an' al goa tell thee fatther an' he'll gie thuh
a sound hiding! — Abbud he weant! Lan.1 Thae'll not goo, Jim,
belike? — Abberaw will, shuse what thae says. ne.Lan.1, m.Lan.1,
Chs.1 nw.Der.1 Tha winno' goo, belike ? — Abber aw will. n.Lin.1
A ! but Charlie is a big leear, an' noa mistaake ; he'd lee thrif a
three-inch deal. [Wil. I but you shud ha done that before, Masque
(1636) 12.]
2. A' bur the? bur, aye-but though but, an intensive
expression of dissent.
VOL. I.
Stf.2 Thi tell'n mS6 as theer's a lot better harvests when th'
Tories are in. — A' bur tho' btir, they dunna loike th' poor folk,
thc'd nivver give yer three acres an a cai. Oi dunna think as
theer's ony chap livin as could lift this ere stoon. — A' bur tho' bur,
theer is tho.
[I would resort to her by night.— Ay, but (Folios ' I,
but') the doors be lock'd, SHAKS. Two Gent. in. i. in ; Ay,
but she'll think that it is spoke in hate, ib. in. ii. 34. See
Aye, adv.2]
AYE-GREEN, sb. Wm. Lan. Also written aigreen.
[e'-grin.] Sempervivum tectorum, or House-leek.
Wm. Pou up them hay-greens, CLOSE Satirist (1833)159. Lan.1
[lK.)]
[Ay-green, an herb always green . . . House-leek,
ROBERTSON Phras. (1693) ; loubarbe, Houseleek, Seagreen,
Aygreen, COTGR. ; lovis barba . . . Housleeke, Aygreene,
GERARDE (ed. 1633) 511. See Aye, adv.1]
AYE-KELD, sb. Nhb. A perennial well.
N.Cy.1 Akeld is the name of a fine well, village, and township in
the parish of Kirknewton. Nhb.1
[Aye (adv.1), q.v. + fold (a spring), q.v.]
AYE MARRY, phr. Yks. Lan. Lin. Also written ay
marry n.Yks.2 Lan. n.Lin.1 [ai'mari.] An expression
of assent ; yes, indeed. Cf. nay marry.
n-Yks.1 What, they've forgiven you, Mr. Dale, and asked you to
go and see them again ?— Aye marry! Theywantsma' brass, ye ken ;
n.Yks.2 It's coming on rain. — Ay, marry ! it is. ne.Yks.1 e.Yks.1
Aye, marry, it's time they was wed. m.Yks.1 w.Yks.3 : w.Yks.5
Then he's sure to goa then ? — Aye marry is he. Ironically, as in :
Missis! [in a stentorian voice, from a short distance.] — Well?-
Gi'e us a pennorth o' 'bacca wi'that youngster — d' yuh hear muh ? —
Aye marry. Lan. Wed ! ay marry ! that wou'd I, Abrum o' Flup's
Quortiri (1886) 14. n.Lin.1 Let's hev anuther pint o' aale, Jim. —
Aye, marry, that we will.
[Aye (adv.2) q.v. + marry, q.v.]
AYE-NO-BENT, sb. Glo. The perennial rye-grass,
the alternate seeds of which are made to denote ' aye '
and ' no ' in telling fortunes. See Bent.
Glo.1
[See Aye, adv.2]
AYE SURE, phr. Yks. War. Dev. An expression of
assent, occasionally equivocal or slightly interrogative.
n.Yks.1 Well, Josey, I am going to be married.— Aye, seear?
Than thou's gannan to get wed, after all, Jeeams ?— [With a sly
smile, perhaps] Aye, seear [which means, you are at liberty to
suppose so, if you like]. w.Yks.5 Is tuh bown yonder then ? —
Aye-sure. — Noan o' thee aye-stires ; tell us reight if tuh means to
goa ? War.3 It's a fine morning.— A' sure. Dev. Aye zure, BOW-
RING Lang. (1866) I. 27.
[See Aye, adv.2]
AY -GRASS, see Eegrass.
AY-LA, int. phr. Yks. An exclamation of surprise or
grief.
e-Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.)
AYLE, adv. Obs. Nhb. All along, always.
Nhb.1 And ayle I whistled as I came, STUART Joco-Serious Dis-
course (1686).
[SKINNER (1671) X xxx ; Ayl, alwayes, COLES (1677).]
AYMER, see Aim.
AYND, see And, sb.
AYOH, see Ahuh.
AYONT, prep, and adv. Sc. Irel. and all the n. counties
to Yks. Also in Der. [ayo'nt.]
1. prep. Of place : farther than, on the other side of,
beyond.
Sc. For the sake of the auld wife ayont the fire at Stuckav-
rallachan, SCOTT Rob Roy (i8i7)xxiii; By the way o' the sea
ayont Jordan, HENDERSON St. Matt. (1862) iv. 15. Per. Places
o' learnin' ayont the sea, IAN MACLAREN Auld Lang Syne (1895)
218. Rnf. Watty . . . sayne ayont the fire sat doun, WILSON
Watty (1792) 3, Newcastle ed. Ayr. Wi' you mysel, I gat a fright,
Ayont the lough, BURNS Address to the Deil (1785). Lnk. I winna
dout mine ain gude knicht Tho' he's ayont the sea ! MOTHERWELL
Poems (1827) 203, ed. 1881. Slk. Daunderin by himsel ayont
the loneliest shielin amang the hills, CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed.
1856) III. 3. Gall. The brimstane flaming blue ayont the bars o'
muckle hell, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) x. N.I.1 N.Cy.1 Far ayont
the hill. Nhb. He comes from Hexham Green and that's ten
AYROM
[106]
BAAYSTE
miles ayont Hell. Denham Tracts (ed. 1892) I. 279. Dur. GIBSON
Up. Weardalc Gl. (1870). Cum. Born ayont the Gerse-dyke,
Denham Tracts (ed. 1892) I. 178. Wm. & Cum.1 A boggle's been
seen with twee heads . . . ayont Wully' carras [cart-house], 221.
n.Yks.12
2. Fig. In excess of, beyond.
Fif. Mortified ayont description, M'LAREN Tibbie and Tarn (1894)
32. Lnk. This gangs clean ayont me, FRASER Whaups (1895) xiii.
Nhb. Frae toil and pain ayont conceivin', WILSON Pitman's Pay
(1843) 32 ; Nhb.1
3. Of time : after, later than.
Sc. Ayont the break o' day, ROY Horseman (1895) i. Ayr. Some
wee short hour ayont the twal, BURNS Death and Dr. Hornbook.
4. adv. Of place : farther, beyond.
Abd. A burn ran in the laigh, ayont there lay As many feeding
on the other brae, Ross Helenore (1768) 49, ed. 1812. m.Yks.1
He's ayont yonder [s. v. Beyont]. Der. Thow shall not go one
foot ayont, JF.WITT Ballads (1867) 69.
5. From yonder place.
n.Yks.2
[A-, on +yond, q.v.]
AYROM, sb. Nhb. (?) Wm. An unpleasant upstir,
display of temper, ' tantrums.'
Nhb. Is thee muther shoutin out — eyeh that she is — ayrms aye
by George ! for aw heard her, BEWICK Howdy (1850) to. [? Mis-
print. The quotation, in this form, is not understood by dialect
speakers (R.O.H.).] Wm.1 What an ayrum thoo's makken agen !
AYVER, see Eaver.
-AZ, suff. Chs. A termination of vbs., corresponding
to the frequentative suff. -le.
s.Chs.1 The change of le final into as is quite regular and not
infrequent; cf. dongaz, dangle; fummaz, fumble; goggaz, goggle;
scrammaz, scramble ; yaggaz, yaggle. Hey fummazed in his
pocket for a ha'penny, s.v. Fummaz. Dongazin about the lanes of
a neight, ib. s.v. Dongaz. To scrammaz up a bank, ib. s.v.
Scrammaz.
AZURINE, sb. Leudscus caeruleus.
SATCHELL (1879) 7.
AZZALD, sb. and adj. Yks. Lin. Also nazzald
w.Yks.5 ; nazzle w.Yks. n.Lin.1 ; nassel w.Yks. [a'zld,
na'zld.]
1. sb. A peevish, wayward, mischievous child. See
Azzard, Azzy.
w.Yks. Tha nazzle, tha, Leeds Merc. Stiff!. (Jan. 3, 1891); Hlfx.
Wds. ; w.Yks.5 A child who has been guilty of deceptive practices
is termed a ' little nazzle.' Never applied to the male sex.
2. A silly, insignificant, mean person.
w.Yks. SCATCHERD Hist. Morley (1830) 170, ed. 1874 ; w.Yks.5,
n-Lin.1
3. An ill-tempered person ; an habitual fault-finder.
w.Yks. As nasty tempered a nazzle as yo'd find between here
an' Sandy Loin boddom, Saunterer's Satchel (1881) 28.
4. adj. Bad-tempered, irritable.
w.Yks. HAMILTON Ntigae Lit. (1841) 357.
Hence Nazzly, adj. rude, mischievous; bad-tempered.
n.Lin.1 Yisterdaay when th" sun was oot atwean twelve an'
one o'clock them nazzly childer, thaay cum an' brogged a duzen
hoales e' oor causey if thaay maade one.
AZZARD, sb. Cum. Wm. • Yks. Lan. Also nazzard
Cum. Yks. ; nazzart Wm. [a'zad, na'zad. |
1. A peevish, wayward, mischievous child. SeeAzzald,
Azzy.
w.Yks.1, ne.Lan.1
2. A silly, insignificant, mean person.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). Wm. & Cum.1 Cum. LINTON Lake Cy.
(1864) 296. Wm. Didta iwer see sic a wurm itten nazzard i" thi
life ? JACK ROBISON Aald Taales (1882) 13.
Hence Azzardly, adj. poor, ill-thriven.
w.Yks.1
AZZLE-TOOTH, see Axle-tooth.
AZZY, sb. Yks. Lan. A wayward child. See
Azzald, Azzard.
w.Yks.1, ne.Lan.1
AZZY-TREE, see Hazel.
B
B. In gen. use. In phr. not to know a B from a bulfs
foot, to be quite ignorant and illiterate.
w.Yks. He doesnyt knaw a B thru a bull fooit, BANKS Wkfld.
Wds. (1865). sw.Hn.1 w.Som.1 Ee doa-noa B vrum u Beolz
veot. Dev. He's so hignorant's a hound, a don't know a B from
a bull's foot, Reports Provinc. (1882) 8. Slang. He's one of those
uncultivated brutes we get here occasionally, that doesn't know
B from a bull's-foot, MAYHEW Prisons (1862) 258 ; There were
members who scarcely knew a B from a bull's foot, BRACKEN-
BRIDGE Mod. Chiv. (1846) 43 (FARMER).
[I know not ... a B from a bole foot, Pol. Poems (1401)
II. 57 (N.E.D.).]
BA, see Ball.
BAA, sb. Sh.I. A half-sunken rock, covered by the
tide, and only visible at low water.
ShJ. Da shore o Life, Wi shaalds an baas it's bund, BURGESS
Rasmie (1891) 128 ; Ba (Coll. L.L.B.). S. & Ork.1
BAA, v. Sc. Also written baw. To lull to sleep.
Sc. Baa the bairns wi' an unken'd tune, NICHOLSON Hist. Tales
(1843) 82; They baw it, ... thay brace it, WATSON Coll. (1106}
III. 21 QAM. s. v. Baw).
BAA, int. Nhb. An exclamation of surprise or
astonishment.
Nhb.1 A sailor chep conies up, tyeks the beast bi the horns an'
torns hor reet ontiv hor back, 'an aall the people ses ' Baa ! '
BAA, see Ball.
BAACHLE, see Bauchle.
BAAD.'see Bide.
BAAGIE, sb. Sh.I. The greater Black-backed Gull,
Larus marinus.
Sh.I. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 208.
BAAKER, see Balker.
BAAKOOZE, see Backhouse.
BAAKY, see Backie.
BAAL, see Bold.
BAA-LAMB, sb. In gen. use. [be'-lam, ba'-leem.] A
child's name for a lamb ; sometimes also extended to sheep.
ne-Lan.1, nw.Der.1, n-Lin.1, Nhp.1, War. (J.R.W.), War.",
Oxf.1 MS. add., Brks.1, e.An.2 Cmb.VAnd there's such a heap of
baa-lambs a-coming down the road. Suf.1
BAALIE, sb. Sh.I. A thin cake of oatmeal hastily
baked or underdone.
Sh.I. (K.I.) S. SOrk.1
BAALONED, see Belloned.
BAALTY-BRAINS, sb. Cor. [bea'lti-brenz.] A
stupid person.
Cor. (F.H.D.); Cor.3 Still in use, but by no means frequent.
BAAM, see Barm.
BAAN, see Bonn.
BAARGE, see Barge.
BAAT, see Bout.
BAA-WAA-BODY, sb. Nhb. A silly or insignificant
person.
Nhb.1 Hadaway ! he's oney a baa-waa-body.
BAAYSTE, see Baste.
BAAZ
[107]
BABBY
II
BAAZ, sb. Obs. ? Sh.I. A large, fat, clumsy person.
See Barge.
S. & Ork.1 [Not known to our correspondents.]
BAB, sb.1 Yks. Lan. Chs. War. e.An. [bab.]
1. An infant.
w.Yks. Aw've a little nest misel. An' two young babs, aw'm
praad to tell, At's precious too. HARTLEY Dili. (1868) 18 ; w.Yks.1,
ne-Lan.1, e.Lan.1, War. (J.R.W.)
2. A child's name fora picture of any kind. See Babby.
w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. Lan. Aw've a book full o' babs, WAUGH
Come IVhoam (1856) ; Lan.1 There's a bab o'er lev [over the
leaf] ; e.Lan.1, Chs.1, e.An.1
[1. Alas, my bab, myn innocent, Towmley Myst. (c. 1460)
149. 2. The mg. ' a child's picture ' is prob. developed
fr. the mg. ' puppet, doll,' once very common : Babe
that children play with, pouppee, PALSG.]
BAB, sb? Lm. A flat-bottomed boat, used for re-
moving the mud from drains. See Babbing.
n.Lin.1 The bab or babbing-boat is dragged along, so as to dis-
turb the warp, which is carried by the current into the river Trent.
BAB, v.1 Sc. (JAM.) To dance.
Fif.
BAB, v.z Ayr. (JAM.) To close, to shut.
Ayr. He could na' bab an ee, TRAIN Poet. Rev. (1806) 100.
BAB, see Bob.
BABA, int. Yks. [ba'ba.] A word used as a warning
to children not to touch or taste anything hurtful or dis-
agreeable.
w.Yks. If a child picked up a piece of alum and was about to put
it in his mouth its parent would exclaim, ' Ah, babbah ! babbah ! it's
babbah ! throw it away,' Leeds Merc. Stippl. (July 4, 1891) ; Come
away, ba-ba (H. L.).
BABALOOBIES, sb. pi. s.Pem. [babalu-biz, ba'ba-
lubiz.] Water-worn limestones used to decorate walls
or houses.
s.Pem. Not the ordinary round or pebble stones ; they are curvi-
linear (W.M.M.) ; (E.L.)
BAB AT THE BOWSTER, phr. Sc. Also written
babity bowster, babbity bowster. An old dance
similar to the ' Cushion Dance ' formerly performed at
the close of festive gatherings, weddings, &c. ; now a kind
of singing-game played by children, sometimes with
a handkerchief instead of a cushion.
Sc. The words sung by the company while dancing round the
individual bearing the ' Bowster ' were, ' Wha learned you to
dance . . . Bab at the Bowster brawly ? ' to which the ' Bowster-
bearer ' replies, ' My mother,' &c. After which, throwing down the
cushion before one of the opposite sex, they both kneel upon it,
and kiss, N. & Q. (1851) ist S. iii. 45 ; A dance on the hunkers.
Wha learned you to dance Babbity Bowster, Babbity Bowster ?
CHAMBERS Rhymes (1870)36; The verses are sung by children
at their sports in Glasgow. It has degenerated in s.Brit. to the
ordinary ' Drop Handkerchief games of kiss-in-the-ring, GOMME
Games (1894) n.
[The phr. means ' Bob (curtsy) at the bolster.']
BABBING, vbl. sb. Lin. [ba'bin.] The process of
stirring up the deposit of mud in drains by means of
a ' bab,' so that the current sweeps it all away to the
river, and the drains are thus kept clear.
nXin.1
Hence Babbing-boat ; see Bab, sb.*
Lin. When a deposit of mud has been carried, by leakage of tidal
water from the Trent, into the land-drains, it is removed by the
process of babbing, for which purpose a babbing-boat is used.
This is a square, flat-bottomed boat, provided with boards which
are lowered into the drain and serve as a kind of dam. As the boat
is dragged down towards the river, the mud is stirred up by the
boards and carried into the tideway (A. A.). n.Lin.1
BABBISH, adj. Yks. Also written babish n.Yks.1
1. Childish, puerile.
n-Yks.1
2. Weak, helpless, faint.
n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 I felt babbish enough to be knocked down with
a feather.
[1. Babish, childish. If he soon blush, they call him
a babish and ill brought up thing, ASCHAM (BAILEY).
Bab, sb.1 + -is/t.]
BABBLE, sb.1 e.Yks. [ba'bl.] A leathern bag with
a stone inside, attached to a string. See Babble, v.1
e.Yks.1
[Bable, pegma, LEVINS Manip. ; Babulle or bable,
libnlla, pegma, Prompt. MLat. pegma is thus described
in ' Catholicon ' : Pegma, ' baculus cum massa plumbi in
summitate pendente, et ut dicit Cornutus tali baculo
scenici ludebant' (cited in Prompt.).}
BABBLE, sb.2 Wm. Yks. Lan. [ba'bl.]
1. An idle, foolish story ; gossip.
n.Yks.1 Babbles and saunters [aunters, q. v.]; n.Yks.2, ne.Lan.1
2. A lie.
Wm. Never tell your mother a babble (B.K.).
3. The noise made by hounds when they give tongue
before being sure of the scent.
ne.Lan.1
BABBLE, v.1 Obsol. e.Yks. To go round the village
on the eve of Nov. 5 striking the cottage doors with
a ' babble,' in accordance with an ancient custom.
e.Yks.1 Now confined to Ottringham, Keyingham, and a few
other villages.
Hence Babbling-night, the night of Nov. 4.
e.Yks.1
BABBLEMENT, sb. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lin. [ba'bl-
ment.] Noisy, foolish chatter.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Thor myekin" sic a babblement 'at ye canna hear
yorsel speak. Cum.1 w.Yks.5 Generally used in regard to
children. n.Lin.1 [HoLLOWAY.]
[Deluded all this while with ragged notions and babble-
ments while they expected worthy and delightful know-
ledge, MILTON (JOHNSON).]
BABBY, sb. In gen. dial, use in all the n. counties to
Der. Also in War. Won Hrf. Glo. Dev. Cor. [ba-bi,
bs-bi.]
1. (a) A baby.
n.Yks. Ah hev a little babby there, TWEDDELL Clevel. Rhymes
(1875) 28. w.Yks. Shoo let ma lewk at t'babby, CUDWORTH
Sketches (1884) 9 ; w.Yks.4 Lan. A poor little babby fur thi to
tend, BANKS Manch. Man (1876) i; Them big eyeso' hers — most
loike a babby's, BURNETT Lowrie (18771 xi. ne.Lan.1, m.Lan.1,
Chs.1, nw.Der.1, War. (J.R.W.) Wor. He was blartin away like
a babby, Why John (Coll. L.L.B.). Hrf.1 Dev. Jinny Parr's
babbies . . . be tfl twins, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 115.
(b) In comp. (i) Babby-boilies, food for babies boiled
with milk ; (2) -boody, a bit of broken crockery or glass
used as a plaything by small children ; (3) -clouts, clothing
or napkins for babies ; (4) -house, an arrangement of
stones or bits of china made by children to represent the
ground-plan of a house ; (5) -job, a midwifery case ; (6)
•rags, small bits ; (7) -wark, insignificant doings ; used
sometimes in contempt for things bearing fine names.
(i) Cum., Wm. (M.P.) (2) N.Cy.1 Nhb. A whirlwind cam an'
myed a' souse, Like heaps o' babby boodies, MARSHALL Snfs.
(1819)4; Nhb.1 (3) Ayr. Whamybabie-clouts will buy ? BURNS,
213, Globe ed. Cum. LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 296. (4) Nhb.1 A
babby-hoose is made preferably with pieces of china [boodies] or
shells [chucks]. Dur.1, Win.1, Chs.13 (s)Glo. Mun be sommat queer
as calls 'er 'way such a night as this. 'Tain't no babby -job, is't? —
'Er've a-give that there babby-job up some time now ; 'er be t'owld
fur that there, BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn (1890) x. (6) Cor.12
(7) Cum., Wm. (M.P.)
2. (a) A doll, puppet ; any model of the human figure.
Dur. In my childhood porcelain figures, statuettes, dolls, and
even statues, were familiarly called babbies. A house in Monk-
wearmouth used to be called ' The Babbies ' because of two
statues of haymakers in the garden (W.H.H.); Dur.1, Wm.1,
ne.Lan.1, n.Lin.1
(b) In comp. (i) Babby-clouts, rags of different colours
given to children to dress their dolls with ; (2) -house,
a doll's house.
(i) Dur.1 (2) n.Lin.1 Thaay've the grandest ohd babby-hoose
that I iver seed. Parson plaays aboot wi' chech like a bairn wi"
a babby-hoose.
3. (a) A child's name for a picture. See Bab, sb.1
Dur.1 Used in pi. to denote prints. n.Yks.3, e.Yks.1, w.Yks.2
w.Yks.3 Children, guessing whether there were an illustration on
the next page, would say, ' Babby o'er the leaf? ' n.Lin.1
P 2
BABBY-LAKER
[108]
BACHELOR'S BUTTON
(b) In comp. -cards, picture or court cards.
e.Yks.1 Babby-cayds.
4. The reflection of oneself seen in the human eye, or
any other small reflecting surface.
n-Lin.1 A lady . . . saw some little children gazing intently at a
door-knob of polished brass. She asked what they were doing,
and the reply was, ' 'Pleas'm' we're looking for babbies."
[2. A baby or puppet that children play with, ROBERT-
SON Phras. (1693) ; A childs baby, pupus, pupa, COLES
(1679) ; It was the part of children to fall out about babies,
BACON Henry VII ( 1622) , ed. Lumby, 145. 3. More pleased
with babies in books than children are, FULLER Hist. Camb.
(1655) 39 (N.E.D.). 4. When a young lady . . . Looks
babies in your eyes, MASSINGER Renegado, 11. iv.]
BABBY-LAKER, sb. Yks. [ba'bi-lekar.] One who
entertains foolish speculations.
n.Yks.2
[See word below, and Laker.]
BABBY-LAKIN, sb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. [ba'bi-
lekin, -lekan.] A child's toy; hence a trifling thing,
a triviality.
Dur.1 Wm. & Cum.1 Here's baby-laikins, rowth o" speyce,
190. Wm.1, n.Yks.2 w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (July 4, 1891).
[Cp. BARET (1580), s.v. Babie : A laykin babie, puppet,
or trifles given to children, Craepundia. Poupee on
petites chases donnes aux enfants. Babby (sb.) + lafcin (sb.),
q.v.]
BABBY-LAKIN, vbl. sb. Playing with pictures,
drawing for amusement. Cf. babby, sb. 3.
w.Yks.3 A boy seeing his tutor teaching Euclid with diagrams,
expressed his idea of the study by remarking ' Its babby lakin'
yon ! '
BABES-IN-THE-CRADLE, phr. Wil. Scrophularia
aquatica, or Water Figwort.
Wil.1
BAB-HOUSE, sb. Yks. Lan. [ba'b-as, ba'b-es.]
1. A child's toy-house.
w.Yks. (S.P.U.)
Hence Bab-housing, child's play, nonsense.
Lan. To owd Sam wi' th' French Revolution, and o' sich like
bab-heawsin, BRIERLEY Irkdale (1865) 14.
2. Applied in contempt to any ugly, useless, clumsy thing
made by hand.
w.Yks. (S.P.U.)
BABIES' SHOES, sb. Wil. Ajuga reptans, or common
Bugle.
Wil. Babies' Shoes is a quaint fanciful name for the Bugle, Sarunt
Dioc. Gaz. (Jan. 1890) 6 ; WiH
BAB-NET, see Bob-net.
BABY, see Babby.
BABY-BOT, sb. Yks. The Lady-bird, Cocdnella
septempunctata. Also called Coo-lady, Lady-cow.
n.Yks.2 The small scarlet black-spotted field-beetle.
[See Bot]
BACCARE, sb. War. A boy's game.
War.2 The players, at the call ' Baccare ' of their leader, leave
sanctuary, and attempt to cross a certain space to another sanc-
tuary. The space is guarded by a boy who may make as many
prisoners as he can, and these must mount guard with him. The
guard has various tricks to induce the leader, or one of the party,
to give the starting word : e. g. [to the question] ' What does your
father smoke ? ' an unwary boy would reply ' Bacca,' and perhaps
get one of his party caught.
[The exclamation Baccare! means ' back ! stand back ! '
and is found not unfrequently in the dramatists and other
writers of the i6th and rrth cents. Backare, quoth Mortimer
unto his sow, CAMDEN Rem. (1636) 293 ; Baccare ! you are
marvellous forward, SHAKS. T. Shrew, n. i. 73; Both
trumpe and drumme sounded nothing for their larum
but ' Baccare, Baccare ! ' Golden Aphroditis (1577) (HALL.).!
BACCOBOLTS, sb. pi. I.W. Typha latifolia, or
common bulrush.
I. W. So called from the spikes resembling a roll of tobacco.
[See Bolt.]
BACH-, see Bauch-, Baugh-
BACHAL, see Bauchle.
BACH(E, sb. Yks. Chs. Der. Won Som. Also written
bage w.Yks.2 Der.a ; batch Wor. Som. [batj, baetf.]
1. A river or stream ; the valley through which a stream
flows.
Chs.1 There is a small piece of water near Chester called the
' Bache Pool ' ; and at Rainow there is a spot called the ' Black
Patch,' or ' Black Batch,' through which a dark and deep stream
flows. Prob. only used in place-names. Chs.3 Cf. Sandbach.
n.Wor. Several fields are called Batch (e. g. Little Batch) in the
neighbourhood of St. Kenelm's valley (J.W.P.).
2. A ditch, or a sunk fence with a ditch, dividing one
field from another.
w.Yks.2
3. A flat piece of ground, usually moorland.
w.Yks.2 A tract of moorland between Dore and Hathersage is
called Bage. Der.2, nw.Der.1
4. A sand-bank or small hill lying within, or near a
river.
Sora. HERVEY Wedmore Chron. 1,1887) I. 116; (J.S.F.S.); In
the names Churchill-batch, Chelvey-batch, W. & J. Gl. (1873).
5. Comp. (i) Duck-batches, land trodden by cattle in
wet weather ; (2) Emmet-batch, an ant-hill.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873 X
[Blostrede forth as bestes ouer baches and hulles
(bankes and hilles, B ; valeyes and hulles, A), P. Plowman
(c.) viii. 159. — The word has never been much used
except as forming the second element in place-names.
Cou-bache me chpede bis valeye, Si. Kenelm (c. i
244 ; Under be born of Coubage, ib. 289 (MATZNER). Ut.
bcec, see KEMBLE Cod. Dipl. III. 380.]
BACHELL, see Bauchle.
BACHELOR, sb.1 Irel. Wor. e.An. Dor. Nfld.
1. An admirer, suitor.
Ir. I hard thim — Molly Magee wid her batchelor, Danny O'Roon,
TENNYSON To-morrow (1885) ; Commonly used in this sense (J.B.).
2. Used as title.
e-An.1 Elderly single men of a better rank are mostly so styled.
3. Used attrib. in comp. (i) Bachelor-bird, (2) -finch,
the chaffinch ; (3) -man, an unmarried man ; (4) -woman,
a spinster.
(i) Wor. Bachelor-bird, the chaffinch, so called because the
females leave in November and the males remain, Wor. Jrn. (Mar.
3, 1888). (2) [The bright bachelor-finch stands out from his
pure setting, and the Daws look black against the snow, WATSON
Natureand Wdcraft. (1890) xx.] (3) Dor. Did ye know en, shepherd
— a bachelor-man ? HARDY Madding Crowd (1874) viii. (4) [Nfld.
Bachelor woman is common, spinster being unknown (G.P.).]
[1. Broom-groves, Whose shadow the dismissed
bachelor loves, SHAKS. Temp. iv. i. 67.]
BACHELOR, sb.2 Yks. A stone slate 27^ inches long.
w.Yks. (T.H.H.); A bachelor may be any width (J.F.) ; (H.V.)
BACHELOR COAL, sb. Sc. GAM.) Dead coal which,
instead of burning, turns white in the fire.
BACHELOR'S BUTTON, sb.
1. Applied to many plants having a round or button-
shaped flower: (i) the double garden variety of Achillea
ptarmica (Nhp.) ; (2) Aquilegia vulgaris, common Colum-
bine (Wil.) ; (3) the flower-heads of Arctium lappa,
Burdock (Dev.) ; (4) the double variety of Bellis perennis,
Daisy (Lin. Shr.) ; (5) Centaurea cyanus, blue Cornflower
(Yks. Der.) ; (6) Centaurea nigra (Irel.) ; (7) Centaurea
scabiosa (Glo.) ; (8) Core/torus japonica (Wil.) ; (9) Coty-
ledon umbilicus (Dev.) ; (10) Geranium lucidum, shining
Crane's Bill (Lan.) ; (n) Geranium robertianum (Sus. Dev.);
(12) Lychnis diurna, red Campion (Cum. Yks. Lan. Nhp.
War. Wor. Suf. Ess. Ken. Sus. Dev.) ; (13) Lychnis flos-
cuculi, Ragged Robin (Sus.) ; (14) Lychnis vespertina,
white Campion (Yks. Sus.) ; (15) Pyrethrum parthenium,
Feverfew (Wm. Nrf.) ; (16) the double variety of Ranun-
culus acris, meadow Crowfoot (Cum. Lin. Lei. Oxf. Mid.) ;
(17) Scabiosa arvensis, field Scabious (Glo. Brks. Wil.
Som. Dev.) ; (18) Scabiosa succisa, Devil's bit (Glo. Hmp.) ;
(19) Stellaria holostea, common Stitchwort (Bck. Suf.) ;
(20) Trollius europaeus, Globe flower (Glo. Cor.); (21) a
small rose (Lin.).
(i) Nhp.1 So called from the resemblance which the numerous
and closely set petah bear to a neatly worked button. Bachelor's
BACHRAM
[109]
BACK
buttons were formerly supposed to exercise a secret influence
over the fortunes of rustic lovers. (3) Dev.1 The burrs or flower-
heads of the common Burdock ; called also Beggars' or Cuck-
holds' buttons. (4) Shr. When flowrets cluster round the parent
blossom, the name Bachelors' button gives place to that of Hen-and-
chickens. (8) Wil.1 (12) w.Yks.2, ne.Lan.1, Wor. (J.W.P.) (16)
Cum.1 (i71)Brks.1,WiU 119) Bck.,Suf. Also called Shirt-buttons,
from its button-like capsules. (20) Glo.(S.S.B.), Cor.3 (21) n.Lin.1
2. Comb, (i) Little Bachelor Button, Geranium Robertt-
anurn (Sus.) j (2) Red—, Lychnis diurna (War. Suf.) ;
(3) White — , Lychnis vespertina (War.) ; Ranunculus
aconitifolius (Ayr) ; (4) Yellow — , the double-flowered
variety of Ranunculus acris (Ayr).
(2, 3) War.3
[Now the similitude that these floures (Lychnis diurna)
have to the iagged cloath buttons anciently worne in this
kingdome gaue occasion to our gentlewomen ... to
call them bachelours buttons, GERARDE (ed. 1633) 472 ;
Thereby I saw the batchelors' buttons, whose virtue is
to make wanton maidens weepe when they have worne
it forty weekes under their aprons for a favour, GREENE
Quip for an Upstart Courtier (1620) (NARES) ; Bassinets,
the flower Crowfoot, . . . that which we call Batchelors
buttons is one (the double one) of them, COTGR.]
BACHRAM, sb. ? Obs. Sc. (JAM.)
Dmf. A bachram o' dirt, an adhesive spot of filth ; what has
dropped from a cow on a piece of hard ground.
BACK, sb.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. Eng. and Colon.
1. The rear, or hind part of anything, as in comp. Chimney-
back, Fire-back.
Dor. Chimney-back, the back part of a grate or the adjoining part
ofachimney; in everyday use (H.J.M.) ; Fire-back, the ornamental
large cast-iron plate which was placed against the masonry of the
chimney: obsol. (ib.) [Aus., N.S.W. Back-country is that portion
of a run which lies farthest from the frontage, i.e. the lands
remote from all visible means of subsistence for flocks and herds,
'as far as water was concerned, BOLDREWOOD Colon. Reformer
(1890) III. xxvii ; The herd had spread itself by degrees over the
wide plains of ' the back,' as well as over the broad river flats and
green reed-beds of 'the frontage,' ib. Squatter (1890) iii.]
2. The back premises or courtyard ; cf. backside.
Gall. The mistress had been up an' aboot frae seven, an' had
the bairns a' washt an' dresst, an oot at the back, CROCKETT
Stickit Min. (1893) 128.
3. In wrestling : a fall, as in phr. to sell one's back.
Dev. Down he crashed, but turned in falling, so that the back
was doubtful. . . . The umpires gave award . . . 'We allow it true
back, for Cornwall,' BLACKMORE Perlycross (1894) xxxv. Cor.2 A
wrestler who has bargained not to win, is said to have ' sold his
back' [s.v. Fagot] ; Cor.3 A wrestler who sells his back receives
money in a competition in consideration of which he allows his
opponent to throw him.
4. Of a mineral vein : the upper surface.
Cor.2 Back of the lode, that part of it which is uppermost or
nearest to the surface of the earth.
5. The outermost boards from a sawn tree.
n.Sc. In common use. Loon, yoke the mare, an gyangt' the saw-
mill for a lade o' backs (W.G.) ; (JAM.) Abd. Backs are also
known here as slabs (W.M.).
6. A support or protection to a growing hedge.
Hrt. [The short thorn forms an] inside back, or outside back
[to a hedge], and saves the quick, ELLIS Mod. Husb. (1750) I. 97.
7. A party, following of supporters ; cf. backing, sb? 1.
Sc. The most part had returned home . . . [the rest] would have
staid with a thin back [small following], GUTHRY Memoirs (1747)
28 JAM.) ; He's sure to win throuw, for he hiz a gueede back
(W.G.). Per. VG.W.) [Aus., N.S.W. He's got another good back,
though he don't know it, BOLDREWOOD Colon. Reformer (1800) III.
xxiv.]
8. In phr. (i) back d1 backs, behind one's back ; (2) back of
my hand to you, phr. implying contempt or rejection ; (3)
on the back of, of time : after, later than ; (4) to be the back
of an old tradesman, artisan, Sfc., to have once practised
that calling, esp. of one who has since changed his occupa-
tion for the better ; also of things : to be worn out, to
have seen better days ; (5) to be never off a person's back, to
watch and correct him continually ; (6) to make a person's
back, to do him a benefit.
(i) Cum. It wasn't fair to speak this way back o' backs, BURN
Fireside Crack (1886) 19. (2) Sc. (JAM.) Per. The back of my
han' till her [1 have jilted her, cast her off] (G.W.). Ir. The phr.
' The back of my hand to you,' arises probably from the gesture
of waving one away (A.S. P. ). w.Ir. The back o' my hand and the
sowl o' my feet to you, LOVER Leg. (1848) I. 170. (3) Sc. (W.G.)
Gall. Lyin' snorin'inyourbedon thebacko' five o'clock! CROCKETT
Bog-Myrtle (1895) 273. (4) n.Sc. That's the back o' a fine horse.
He's jist the back o' fat he ance wiz (W.G.). Abd. He's the back
of an auld fanner (JAM.). Per. ' Sma' thanks to him,' said a neigh-
bour of a farmer, who had made a good job of mending a door,
' he's the back of an auld joiner ' (G.W.). (5) N.I.1 I'm never off
his back. (6) w.Hrf. N. &•> Q. (1871) 4th S. viii. 396.
9. With prep, up in phr. (i) of the back : to be up, (2) to
get, have, set one's back up, to be angry, provoked ; (3) to
get, put, set another person's back up, to provoke, arouse.
(i) Sc. Weel, Nelly, since my back is up, ye sail tak down the
picture, SCOTT Ronan (1824) iii; [The phr. 'back up'] evidently
refers to an animal, and esp. to a cat, that raises its spine, and bristles
up the hair, in token of defiance, or when about to attack its
adversary (JAM.). w.Yks.1 Nhp.1 His back's up. Oxf. Baxup
[ac](K.). Hnt. (T.P.F.) (2) Cum.1 Wm.1 Now, thou needn't set
thy back oop ! Not.1 n.Lin.1 You've yer back up to-daay like
a peggy otchin goin' a crabbin" [Hedgehogs are believed to carry
crab-apples to their haunts by rolling or falling on them, and
causing thefruit to stick upon their spines]. Lei.1, War.23, Brks.1,
e.An.2 (3) Sc. I think I set up her back in a hurry QAM. ). n.Yks.
That set his back up desperately (I.W.). ne-Lan.1 Lei.1 Yo' git
'is back oop, an a'll let yor knoo ! Nhp.1 I've put his back up.
War. (J.R.W.), War.23, Wor. (J.W.P.) e-An.1 Tha' got his
back up. Colloq. There were others sneering and giving them-
selves airs, and that puts a fellow's back up, HUGHES T. Brown
Oxf. (1861) viii ; There was an insolent look about them which set
Tom's back up at once, ib. xix.
10. In phr. back o' behint, (i) a place in the rear or behind ;
the back of; (2) an utterly remote spot, also attrib. ; cf.
back o' beyont; (3) behindhand, tardy, late ; (4) of slow
intellect. See Aback.
(i) Yks. Come away round here ! a've found a way to t'back
o' behint, where belike its not so well fenced, GASKELL Sylvia
(1863) II. ix. Stf.2 Oi 'eer as owd Jimmy Johnson's gone jed,
'im as lived at th' back o' behind Teelor's farm. (2) Chs.1 A house
in a very secluded part of Mobberley was always spoken of as
a very back o' behint place ; Chs.3 (3) Chs.1 Oh, you're always
back o' behind. (4) Chs.1
11. In phr. back o' beyond, (i) far away beyond all ken,
a remote, obscure place, ' ultima Thule ' ; (2) very far
behindhand ; also attrib. See Aback.
(i) Sc. Whirl'd them awa to the back-o-beyont, to look at the
old Roman camp, SCOTT Antiquary (1816) ii. Lnk. The engine
will rin away wi' us to the back o' beyond, FRASER Whaups (1895)
xv. e.Lth. Mony's the time I'm suir I wushed them a' at the
back o' beyont, HUNTER J. Inwick (1895) 124. Edb. Like an
auncient hermit far away among the hills, at the back of beyont,
MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) 35. Gall. I come from the Back o'
Beyont, CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (1895) 291. Ir. Same as if the'd
set out from the back o' beyant, BARLOW Bog-land (1892) 4.
Nhb.1 Wm.1 Back-a-beyont, whaar t'meer fooalt t'fiddler. e.Yks.1
w.Yks. Back o' beyond. A farm near Hebden-Bridge bears this
name, Hlfx. Wds. ; I's bin back o' beyond, BANKS Wooers (1880)
III. ii ; w.Yks.1 (2) n-Lin.1
12. Comp. (i) Back-bar, a horizontal bar in an open
fire-place, on which the kettle is hung ; (2) -bit, a sheep's
ear-mark ; (3) -brae, a bank at a distance from the house ;
(4) -burden, a load borne on the back ; (5) -can, a milk-can
made for carrying on the back knapsack-fashion in hilly
country ; (6) -chain, a chain passing over a horse's back,
and supporting the shafts of the cart ; (7) -faulds, fields at
a distance from the farm-house ; cf. back-brae ; (8) -hood,
the back of the fire or chimney ; (9) -jouster, an itinerant
fish-dealer who carries the fish in a cawal or basket on
his back ; (10) -load, -loaden, to overload a cart so that
the weight presses on the horse's back ; also fig. ; (ii)
-place, a washhouse ; cf. back-house ; (12) -setter, (13)
•shaft, see below ; (14) -skin, a leather covering worn as
a protection against wet, £c. ; (15) -slamming, see below ;
(16) -sweat, the warmth caused by beating the back ;
(17) -theeaker, -theeaking, clothing, 'thatch' for the back ;
(18) -tree, the leather strap placed across the back of a
BACK
[no]
BACK
trace-horse; (19) -trees, the joists in a cot-house or cottage;
(20) -wecht, a burden, weight ; (21) -wechted, burdened,
weighed down ; also fig. ; (22) -wind, a wind blowing to
one's back.
(i) Dev. The back-bar is an iron bar fixed inside the chimney,
stretching from side to side, to support the bar-crooks, HEWETT
Peas. Sp. (1892). (a) So. (A.W.) Cld. Back-bit, a nick in the
form of the letter V cut out of the back part of a sheep's ear ; cf.
Aux-bit (JAM.). (3) Bwk. A few green allers that he cut or broke
in his back brae below Kaeta-Cleugh. HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes
(1856)86. (4) n-Yks.1 (5) w.Yks. When the kye are feeding up i'
t'Far Pastoor, they are milked at the High Lathe, and as that is
some 600 feet above the house he takes the back-can, LUCAS Stud.
Nidderdale (c. 1882) 31. (6) w.Som.1 The middle part [of the back-
chain] is made of flat twisted links. It is no part of the harness,
but is always fixed at one end, to the off or right shaft. It is
hooked on to a back-crook [a crook sliding upon a rod of iron,
fixed to the near, or left, shaft of a cart], when it has been passed
across the cart-saddle. (7) Abd. They've been makin' bonny wark
i' the back-faulds, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xv. (8) Der.1
(9) Cor. Not in common use (M.A.C.) ; In gen. use at Newlyn about
half a century ago (F.W.M.) ; Cor.2 ; Cor.3 This term is found at
Mousehole, but is apparently purely local, not extending even as far
as Newlyn, nor known in fishing villages of e.Cor. (10) Abd. That
horse is back-loaded [when there is too much weight on the horse's
back]. Ye're back-loadenin' yer cart, my man (G.W.). Lth. The
funeral expenses often seriously backloaded poor widows and
orphans, STRATHESK More Bits (ed. 1885) 242. (n) s.Oxf. The
cottage has one good-sired room below, a back-place or wash-
house, and two bedrooms above, ROSEMARY Chilterns (1895) 13.
(12) Nhp.1 Back-setter, a stick or piece of wood placed outside
the back of a slaughtered animal; each end of the stick being
inserted into a slit, for the purpose of keeping the body open
and extended. War.2 (13) Nhb. & Dur. Back-shaft, the part
of a shaft bratticed off for an air-shaft, or pumping-shaft, NICHOL-
SON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888). (14) Nhb.1 A back-skin was worn by a
putter's ' foal ' [assistant] as a protection when he had to thrust
back against a loaded corf in its descent of an incline in a pit.
Nhb. & Dur. The back-skin is fastened in front with crossed
straps ; it is used in sinking and shaft-work, as a protection from
the falling water. Old gig aprons make good back-skins, GREEN-
WELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1888). ne.Lan.1 Worn by fishermen. (15)
Lan. In back-slamming the offender is swung against a door, or
wall, by two or more persons, who hold him, face upwards, by the
arms and legs, and thus turn him into a sort of battering ram,
HARLAND & WILKINSON Leg. (1873) 175. (16) n.Yks.2 I'll gie
thee a back-sweeat. (17) n.Yks.2 A rare back-theeaker [a thick
great coat]. (18) Oxf.1 (19) Rxb. QAM.) Per. (20) He's sair
hauden down wi' a back-wecht o' naething [handicapped by
poverty] (G.W.); (21) I'm sair backwechted wi' her (i'A.). Lth.
A hard-workin', well-meanin' man, but sair back-wechted for want
o' cash, STRATHESK More Bits (ed. 1885) 154. Edb. Back-wechted
is occasionally used by Gillmerton carters (J.W.M.). (22) [A face
or back-wind signifies little in sowing time, LISLE Husbandry
('757) s-v- Wind.]
BACK, sb? Som. The name given in Bristol to a
strip of wharfage, from a quarter to half a mile in length.
Som. This name occurs several times in the older parts of Bristol,
as in Welsh Back, Redcliffe Back, Temple Backs, St. Augustine's
Back (J.R.B.) ; (F.W.L.)
BACK, sb.3 Chs. War. Pern.
1. A hill.
s.Pem. LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 419.
2. A ridge of land, thrown up out of a ditch, upon which
a hedge is planted.
Chs.1 Back, also called a cop ; Chs.3 They grow on dry backs.
War. (J.R.W.)
[1. Prob. the ridge of a hill ; cp. Lat. dot-sum, a back of
a man or beast, also a ridge or side of a hill.]
BACK, sb.* Nhb. Dur. A diagonal parting or fissure
in a coal-seam, where the strata are not dislocated.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. Where he was buffin' [labouring] at a back As hard
as whinstone, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) 27 ; A back or knowe
sometimes 'tis true Set down maw top wi' ease eneugh, ib. 33 ;
Nhb.1 Back, a slippery division in the coal seam, extending from
the thill [floor] to the roof, Mining Gl. (1852). Nhb. & Dur. At a back
there is frequently a glossy parting, and sometimes a little sooty
dirty coal. When, on approaching a back, it is observed to form
an acute angle with the thill of the seam, it is called an east back;
when it forms an obtuse angle, a west back. As there is rarely
anything to indicate a back, and as there is little or no cohesion
between its faces, the coal often unexpectedly falls away and
causes accident, GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849) ed- l888-
BACK.sA.5 Sc. War.
1. A wooden vessel for carrying fuel, &c. bee Backie,
Backet.
Sc. After narrowly escaping breaking my shins over a turf back
and a salting tub, SCOTT Rob Roy (1817) xxviii. Per. Used here
only in the expression ' put on a back o' fire' [a backetful of fuel]
(G.W.). Rxb. Back, a wooden trough for carrying fuel (JAM.).
2. A large vat for cooling liquors. In gen. use.
Sc. Backs are used professionally both by brewers and distillers
throughout the country (J.M.). Abd. A tub or back in the under
floor of the brewery, Caledon. Merc. (Dec. 14, 1815) (JAM.). War.2
3. A vessel or bowl for kneading dough.
Sh.I. (K.I.) S.&Ork.1
4. Comp. Salt-back, a vessel for holding salt. Also
called Salt -backet, q.v.
[Fr. bac, ' auge, cuve en usage dans certaines professions
pour la maceration du houblon, la clarification du sucre,
etc.,' HATZFELD ; Bac, an open vessel of copper, and full
of water, for wine-pots to stand in at meal-times, COTGR.
OFr. bac, ' cuve en pierre pour recevoir 1'eau de pluie,'
GODEFROY (CompL). The word is found in the sense
of tub, vat, trough, in LG.. dials. ; cp. MLG. bak
(ScHiLLER-LtJBBEN), EFris. bak (KOOLMAN), Du. bak
(KLUYVER).]
BACK, sb.6 Sc. QAM.) An instrument for toasting bread.
Sc. The back resembles a girdle in form ; but it is much thicker,
and made of pot-metal.
[Prob. the same as bake, vb. ; cp. back- in comp., as in
backhouse, backstone.]
BACK, sb.7 Nhb. Yks. A line used in fishing for
haddocks, £c., at sea.
Nhb.1 The back is the principal line to which snoods are spliced, .
each snood being attached to a hook by a hair line. n.Yks. In
this district the term ' back ' applies to the loops fastened to the
line carrying the cork and bladder buoys, which serve to join
any number of nets the fisherman may wish to cast from his craft.
Generally called back bands (G.W.W.).
BACK, adj., adv. and prep. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel.
Eng.
1. adj. Of the seasons : late, backward.
Win. Hay wes a faer crop consideran t'back spring, Spec. Dial.
(1885) pt. iii. 39.
2. Old-fashioned, ancient, belonging to bygone times;
cf. backward.
s.Chs.1 s. v. Backward.
3. adv. Backward ; behindhand, late.
Cum. Willie Mains was a little back with his ploughing, DALBY
Mayroyd (ed. 1888) I. 73. Wm.1 Haytime's back this yeear.
T'lile an's varra back at walkin.
4. Comp. Back-bred.
Cum.1 Back-bred, bred late in the season or year.
5. In compar. and superl. : further or furthest back.
neXan.1 Backer, Backst. War. (J.R.W.) Wor. He corn't goo
no backer, ./V. & Q. (1878) 5th S. x. 10. Hrf. DUNCUMB Hist. Hrf.
(1804). Glo.1
6. In phr. (i) back and fore, backwards and forwards,
also attrib.; (2) back and forrat (forret), backwards and
forwards ; (3) back and to, to and from ; (4) back 0,
backwards ; (5) to be back of, to be behind ; (6) to go back
of, see below ; (7) back up, in return.
(l) Sc. (JAM.) ; Haud, mind your skirt on yon auld nail ! My
ain's a' fair in bits wi't, gaun back and fore, ROY Horseman
(1895) vii. w.Som.1 Back and fore sull, a ' two-way sull,' a plough
made to turn a furrow at will either to the right or left ; called
also a ' vore and back sull.' (2) e.Lth. There she sat rockin hersel
back an' forrat, HUNTER/. Inwick (1895) 203. Lan. Then back an
forret o' owr t'land, HARLAND & WILKINSON Flk-Lore (1867) 60.
(3) Chs.1 (4) Lan. Hoo'd o gwone bak O in o scutter aw'm
welley shnre, ORMEROD Felleyfro Rachde (1864) v. (5) Nhb.1 He
wis back o' the engine-hoose at the time. (6) Myo. Only this day
has the Lord seen fit to spare you from a terrible death ; and yet
you dare to go back of His mercy with your angry passion, STOKER
Snake's Pass (1891) iii. (7) Wor. I've wrote a letter back up to
'er, and I 'onders [wonders] I an't 'eerd again (H.K.).
BACK
Cm]
BACK-A
7. C0w/>. (i) Back-alley, a backward stroke in a game
of marbles ; (2) -answer, a retort ; cf. back-talk ; (3)
•bargain, the reversal of a previous bargain ; cf. back-
swap ; (4) -ca', a call commanding a person to return ; a
relapse in illness ; a misfortune ; (5) -come, -coman,
a return ; of food : to ' repeat,' return ; (6) -draucht.a gasp,
esp. of the convulsive breathing of a child with whooping
cough ; (7) -drawer, an apostate, obs. ? ; (8) -ends, the
refuse of corn ; (9) -fa', the side sluice or outlet of a mill-
dam ; (10) -fling, a relapse during illness ; (n) -handed,
underhanded, deceitful ; (12) -hap, to draw back from an
engagement ; (13) -happen, a mental reservation ; (14)
•knock, a relapse during illness ; (15) -look, a retrospect,
a record of the past; (16) -money, see below; (17) -name,
a surname ; (18) -rent, see below ; (19) -sight, a back
view ; (20) -slang, see below ; (21) -stream, a channel
to carry off surplus water ; (22) -swap, to cry off a bar-
gain ; also as sb. ; (23) -talk, saucy replies to a superior ;
(24) -thrust, a relapse during illness ; (25) -vage, the
homeward voyage; (26) -wash, (27) -week, see below;
(28) -went, going away, on the way back.
(i) Oxf.1 In a game of marbles, if the taw strike some substance
and in the rebound knock a marble out of the ring, it is called
back-alley, and is not fair winning, MS. add. (2) s.Wxf. They
set to callin' names an' givin' back answers for half an hour,
Fenian Nights in Shamrock Mag. (1894) 454. n.Yks. Back answers,
saucy replies from an inferior (I.W.). (3) s.Chs.1 ' Noo back-
bargains,' said by one who has accomplished an advantageous
exchange. (4) n.Sc. (W.G.) Per. You called me back, but I paid
no heed to the back-ca' (G.W.). (5) Sc. An ill back-come, an un-
fortunate return : used when an unlucky accident has happened to
a person who has been from home (JAM. ). n.Sc. (W.G.) (6) Abd.
The bairn hesthe kinkhost, an' a terrible backdraucht wi't(W.M.).
Fif. He was whaslin like a blasted stirk i' the backdraught (JAM.).
(7) Such back-drawers and turners-aside, M'WARD Contendings
(1723) 89 (JAM.). (8) Yks. Take linseed, linseed cake, and back
ends of wheat, and grind them all together, KNOWLSON Cattle
Doctor (1834) 127. ne.Yks.1 Ah wants sum backends for t'chicken.
(9) Per. Back-fa', the outlet for the by-wash or spend-water when
the mill is turned off (G.W.). Edb. (J.M.) Rxb. Through the back-
fa' the water runs when the mill is set, or when the water is turned
oflf the wheel (JAM.). (10) Cum.1 n.Yks.2 (n) Som. I don't
like zuch back-handed ways, RAYMOND Gent. Upcott (1893) 132.
(12) Sc. QAM.) (13) w.Yks. ' No backhappens' [you must keep
your word literally] is said by boys when playing at ' taws ' (J.T.);
An artful child will promise another to do some obnoxious task
in this manner : ' Ah'll dew it ' (said aloud) ' happen ' (said men-
tally only, and thus unheard by the one to whom the promise
is made). When charged with not fulfilling the task the child
will reply, ' Abbut, ah said " happen " low dahn,' Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (July n, 1891). (14) n.Yks.2 (15) Cum. The Todhunters
had not quite such a steady name nor such a backlook as the
Postlethwartes, LINTON Silken Thread(i88o) 259. Wm.1 The term
back-look is mostly employed in cases of disaster with reference to
the retrospect of better times. Aa ! nobbet to think of him afore :
what a back-luik it is! (16) Lan. Back-money, in the Southport
tailors' dispute, money retained by the employer owing to a doubt
as to whether the men were entitled to it, until the question
was settled by arbitration, Gl. Lab. (1894). (17) Lan. Ah newer
know'd jus'ly what wur Sam's back noaum. Happen he had
noan. He wur allus caw'd Sam o' th' Fowt i' th' villige. His fay-
thur's noaum afore he wur wed wur Bill Blister, but uv cooarse
that's nowt to goo by, New Wkly. (Jan. 5, 1895) 7. (18) Bwk.
The rent . . . did not become due till . . . twenty months after
entry ; this mode of payment was technically called back-rent, as
the rent was always considerably in arrear, Agric. Surv. 140 (JAM.).
(19) n.Yks.2 I nobbut gat back-seeght on him [I only saw him with
his back turned]. e.Yks.1 Ah just gat a back-sect on him as he went
alang. (20) w.Yks. Back-stang, the beam over which the warps are
drawn in dressing. (21) w.Som.1 To every water-mill there is
necessarily a back stream, to carry off the surplus water. The
leat [water-course] and the back stream are as indispensable as the
waterwheel itself. (22) n. & e.Yks. Used chiefly by schoolboys.
There is nearly always an actual ' swopping ' in the case : e. g. a boy
exchanges a knife for a toy pistol and if he thinks the other may
cry off the bargain he shouts ' No backswaps." The word could
not be used if the boy actually sold his knife for cash (R.S.).
w.Yks. Backswap is common, esp. among boys (M.F.). Slang.
' Then it's agreed ? ' . . . ' Yes, no backswaps,' FOTHERGILL Lever-
hottst (1888) ii. (23) N.I.1 Uls. Ulster Jm. Arch. (1858) VI. 41. (24)
n.Yks.2 (25) il>. Back- vage. (26) Wm. Back-wash or wesh is the
water that, after flowing over the mill-wheels, rebounds underneath
it before flowing away down the race (B.K.). (27) w.Yks. Some
employers of labour keep one week's wage from each operative.
This is called the back-week, and prevents him from leaving his
employment without giving due notice (S. K.C.). (28) Sus.1 I only
saw him backwent [as he was going away from me].
BACK, v . In van dial, and colloq. uses in Sc. and Eng.
[bak, bask.]
A. sb. used as v.
1. To mount, ride on a horse.
Lan. The beast has na' been ridden sin ye backed her on Friday,
ROBY Trad. (1872) I. 293.
2. To carry on the back or shoulder.
Ken. Then what is your work?— Oh, I back coal (D.W.L.) ; If
a farmer bought some hop-poles in a wood close to a road, he
would stipulate with the vendor that the latter should have it
backed out to the road (P.M.).
3. To beat, thrash ; also fig. to conquer.
n.Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; I'll back en 'vore es buoys,
ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 118. Dev.3 I'll bak thee ef thee dis-
sent urn. I can du't zo well's 'e, I wunt let 'e bak me.
4. To fill in the space behind the rings of cribbing in
a pit-shaft. See Backing, sb.1 4.
Nhb.1 The sinking was cribbed and backed, and then walled,
Borings (1881) 10.
B. Of a letter : to write the address.
Sc. (JAM.) Frf. He had written a letter to David Alexander
and wanted me to ' back' it, BARRIE Thrums (1889) ix.
Hence Backing, vbl. sb. the act of writing an address ;
Backit, ppl. adj. (JAM.) addressed.
Abd. It was not the mere writing that dismayed him, it was the
backin', ALEXANDER Johnny CM (1871) xiv. Sc. An ill-backit
letter.
6. Fig. To stake or wager in support of an affirmation,
to bet. In gen. colloq. use.
War. I'll back you won't (M.D.H.). ne.Wor. That farm don't
pay, I'll back (J.W.P.). Oxf.1 Um bee gaun td Naur-luuy, uuyl
bak ! fuur uuy sin um goa buuy uuwr top gyet- ['Em be gone
t'Nor'ligh, I'll back ! for I sin 'em go by our top gate]. w.Som.1
Aa'l baak dhai bae'un aum vore twuulv u-klauk u nait [I'll bet
they will not be at home before twelve o'clock at night].
7. Phr. (i) to back on, (2) to back out, to urge, support,
egg on ; (3) to back up, to support, in gen. use ; hence
backed up, in good circumstances.
(i) n.Lin.1 His muther backs him on in iverything he duz. (2)
We'll back him out (I.W.). (3) Chs.1 He's rarely backed up.
B. adv. used as v.
1. Of a deer, &c. : to run back on the same track.
w.Som.1 If a deer has gone to water shortly after passing through
a wood, it not unfrequently happens that the cunning animal has
merely soiled when he entered the stream, and then backed it on
his foil, and laid fast in the covert, COLLYNS Chase of the Wild
Red Deer, 137.
2. To change, alter.
Glo.1 Back your fancy, to change your mind, alter your opinion.
3. To keep down or under, to retard ; cf. backen. In
phr. to back-down, to ignore, to treat as of no account.
n-Yks.1 T'doctor did all he could to back t'inflamation ; bud
t'warn't te neea use. That fit o' caud weather jest afore Mayday
backed t' grass strangely. Lan. The Government cannot back-down
Chamberlain (S.W.).
4. In phr. to back out, (i) to retreat from a bargain or
engagement ; (a) to draw back, pull away.
(i) w.Yks. BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865). Lan. (S.W.) n.Lln.1
He boht th' taaties at five an" twenty pund an aacre, but th' markit
dropp'd, an' soa he tried to back-oot. Nhp.1, War.3 Oxf.1 MS.
add. (2) Yks. Thay pulled an' thay screwed an' t'parson tried
to back oot his heead, but it wur all te neea use, Specimens
Dial. (1879) 18.
[A. 1. To put his horse to be back'd, Equum domilori
tradere, WALKER Idiom. (1680) ; To back a horse, Equum
conscendere. To back a horse at first, Equum domare,
COLES (1679) ; That roan shall be my throne. Well,
I will back him straight, SHAKS. i Hen. IV, n. iii. 74.]
BACK-A, sb. Cmb.
Cmb.1 Back-a, the top part of a pig's head, salted and smoked.
BACKAGRUF
[TI2]
BACK-BRAYING
BACKAGRUF, sb. Sh. & Or. I. Also written backy-
gruve, bakkagruf, bakkagref Sh.I. A ridge at the
bottom of a peat-bank formed by the surface of the peat-
moss, which is pared off and thrown on the bottom of
the ditch before the peats are dug out.
Sh.I. (K.I.) ; (Coll. L.L.B.) S. & Ork.1
[ON. bakki (in comp. bakka-), a ridge, bank +£?•<>/, a pit,
hole dug ; cp. kola-grdf, a coal-pit, peat-pit.]
BACK-AISTER, sb. Shr. [bse-k-esta(r).] The back
of the grate immediately behind the fire. See Astre.
Shr.1 Yo'n got a face as black as the back-aister.
BACK-ALONG, advb. phr. Som. Dev. Cor. Also
written backlong Dev. ; back 'longs Cor. [bae'k-alorj,
bae-k-log.]
1. Of time : back ; formerly, in the past ; recently,
a little while ago. Cf. first-along.
Dev. I've been zavin' my 'arnings vor a long time back along,
MORTIMER Tales Moors (1895) 219; 'Twur when I worked vor
Varmer Biddlecombe, he what died back along at Chaggiford
Town, ib. 289 ; Back-along he used to go there two or three
times a week. The phrase [usually] implies a short but indefinite
time past, Reports Provinc. (1889). nw.Dev.1 Us 'ad a terrible
zight o' rain back-along. Cor. Back 'longs in the summer there
was a pretty good find, PARR Adam and Eve (1880) I. 274 ; Cor.2
Formerly, in olden days, MS. add.
2. Of position : far in the rear, a long way off.
Cor. What eyes you have ! Can you see what time it is by your
watch back-a-long there ? (M.A.C.)
3. Of direction: back, homewards, on one's homeward
way.
w.Som.1 Kum au'n, Jiim ! lat-s zee baewt gwai-n baa-k lau'ng
[come on, Jim ! let us see about going homewards]. Dev. I be
gwain zo vur's Holy Well Lake, but I can't stap now, but I'll call
in back-along, Reports Provinc. (1887) 3 ; How long avore yfl be a-
gwaine backalong, Bill ? HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892). nw.Dev.1
Cor.2 MS. add. w.Cor. He went back along home (M.A.C. ).
4. Backwards.
Dev. Now, let me cast backlong a minute in me mem'ry, STOOKE
Not Exactly, xi ; Reports Provinc. (1877) 127.
BACK AND EDGE, phr. Cum. Yks. Chs. Der. Not.
Lin. Lei. Nhp. Mid. Sus. Hmp. Aus.
1. In a thorough manner, entirely, completely ; cf. hip
and thigh, tooth and nail.
w.Yks. O'll stick to it back an edge, BYWATER Shevvild Ann.
(1854) 7. nw.Der.1 Not. A've stood up for Mm back and edge ever
sin hecome(L.C.M.) ; Not.1 n.Lin.1 He was beaten back an' edge;
he hedn't a wo'd to saay for his sen. Lei.1 A went intew 'im back
an' edge. Nhp.1 I gave it him back and edge. Mid. He stood
me out it was so, back and edge, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (M.)
[Aus., N.S.W. She stuck to him back and edge till at last he turned
tail, BOLDREWOOD Sydney-side Saxon (1891) viii.]
2. In negative, back nor edge, nothing, ' neither head nor
tail ' ; in no degree.
Cum.1 1 can mak nought on him, nowder back nor edge. w.Yks.
Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.1 Chs.13 I can make back nor edge of him.
Sus., Hmp. Back ner edge. Cf. Moss nor sand, Head nor tail,
HOLLOWAY.
[1. They have engaged themselves ours, back and edge,
Lady Alimony (NARES). 2. I'll have no more to do
with you back nor edge, BEHN Dutch Lover (1716) n. iii
(N.E.D.). Here ' back ' means the thick edge of a knife,
as opposed to the ' face ' or cutting edge. Cp. the phr.
' fall back, fall edge,' that is, at all adventures, let the con-
sequence be what it will, BAILEY (s.v. Edge).~\
BACKARD, see Backward.
BACK-AS, see Backhouse.
BACK AT THE WA', phr. Sc. In evil or desperate
circumstances, sore beset ; esp. in exile or in hiding to
evade the rigour of the law.
Sc. The term Back at the wa' includes the idea of the neglect with
which one is treated by the generality of those who appeared as
friends during prosperity. It was said of any one who had been
engaged in the rebellion (1745), although remaining in the country
as long as he [remained in] hiding, that his back was at the wa'
GAM.) ; Ye haud him aye down, whase back's at the wa' fin exile!,
HOGG Jacob. Rel. (1819) II. 34 ; O send Lewie Gordon hame, And
the lad I darena name ! Tho' his back be at the wa', ib 81 Ayr
Altho' my back be at the wa1, BURNS Here's his Health in Water
BACK-BAND, sb. Sc. Dur. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Not.
Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Also written backban' Sc. [ba'k-
band, ba'k-ban.J A strap or iron chain passing over
the cart-saddle in a groove and supporting the shafts ;
rarely used in pi. Cf. back-chain, -widdie.
Sc. Backban, another name for the backwiddie or rigwiddie (JAM.
Suppl. ). Dur.1 The back-band is made of a strong i ron chain of twisted
links. n.Yks.Thereisasaying'Asstrongasabackband.' Whenused
for light work the backhand is made of leather (W.H.) ; n.Yks.2
e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Belted him wi t'backband, Yksman. (Apr. 29,
1877) ii ; Charley even devised a better dodge than this by fasten-
ing the door with a backhand, CUDWORTH Dial. Sketches (1884
126 ; w.Yks.1, ne.Lan.1 Chs.1 A backhand is also called a ridgerth.
nw.Der.1, Not.2, nXin.1 Lei.1 The back-band passes over the back
of the thiller or shaft-horse. Nhp.1, War. (J.R.W.), War."
[A cart sadel, bakbandes and belybandes, FITZHERBERT
Husb. (1534) 14. Back, sb.1 + band.]
BACK-BEARAWAY, sb. Yks. The bat, Vespertilia
pipistrellus. See Backie, sb}
n.Yks. Ah was as wakrife as a backbearaway i' t'gloaming,
ATKINSON Moor/. Parish (1891) 137 ; n.Yks.2, ne.Yks.1 e.Yks.
MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796). m.Yks.1
[Back (a bat) + bearaway. The word bearaway prob.
denotes ' sailing away, floating away,' used gen. of ships.]
BACK-BIND, sb. Sc. A ' back-band,' q.v.
Bnff.1
BACK-BIRN, sb. Sc. A burden borne on the back ;
also^. ; cf. back -burden.
n.Sc. GAM.) Abd. And frae this sad back-birn of sorrow free,
Ross Helenore (1768) 23, ed. 1812 ; That's a gey backbirn ye've
gotten (W.M.).
[Back, sb. + birn (contracted form of burthen), q.v.]
BACK-BOARD, sb.1 Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Also
written bac-board (K.) ; bakeboard Nhb.1 ; backboord
Cum.1 Wm.1 A board used for kneading dough or paste,
esp. for oat-cake ; see Back-brede.
n.Cy. The board on wch they bac or buke [sic] their clapt-cakes
upon(K.). Nhb.1 Cum.(M.P.); Thear was muse-deer hworns, as
bryad as our back-bwoard, Borrowdale Lett. (1787) 5, ed. 1866;
Cum.12 Wm. The housewife sat down on the floor, with the
back-board on her knees. On this board she laid a piece of
paste, Lonsdale Mag. (1822) III. 325 ; Wm.1 w.Yks.1 A thin board
on which meal is riddled for oat-cake dough. ne.Lan.1
BACK-BOARD, sb.2 Sh.I. Written backburd. The
larboard of a boat.
S.&Ork.1
[Du. bakboord, the left side of a ship ; OE. bcecbord.}
BACK-BOARD, sb.3 Sc. Lin. The hind board 01
a cart.
e.Lth. A man wha disna ken the trams o' a cairt frae the back-
buird, HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) 87. n.Lin.1
BACKBODY, sb. Yks. The posteriors; cf. back-
side, 3.
n.Yks.2
BACKBOTE, v. Lan. Past tense of backbite. See
Bite.
Lan.1 They natter't, an' braw'lt, an' backbote ; and played one
another o' maks o' ill-contrive't tricks, WAUGH Barrel Organ
(1865) 15.
BACKBOUT, v. 1 0bs. Hrt. To draw the plough
backward and forward through land which has been
thrown up into small ridges. See Bout.
Hrt. In March he backbouted the single bout down, ELLIS Mod.
Husb. (1750) I. i. 74.
Hence Backbouting, vbl. sb.
Hrt. ELLIS Pracl. Farmer (ed. 1759).
[Back, adv. + bout (sb.), q.v.]
BACK-BRAND, sb. Dor. Som. Also written back-
bran Dor. ; -brawn Som. A log of wood put at the back
of the fire. See Brand.
Dor. On the hearth, in front of a back-brand to give substance,
blazed a fire of thorns, HARDY Wess. Tales (1888) I. 7 ; Dor.1 We
got a back-bran', dree girt logs, 223. Som. SWEETMAN Wincanton
Gl. (1885).
BACK-BRAYING, vbl. sb. Yks. A beating.
n.Yks.2 A whent backbraying [sound drubbing].
[Back, sb. + bray (to thrash), q.v.]
BACK-BREADTH
["3]
BACK-END
BACK-BREADTH, sb. Sc. A fall on the back. Sec
Back-breed.
Abd. He got his backbreeth o' the fleer [floor] (W. M.).
[Back, sb. + breadth.}
BACK-BREDE, sb. Sc. Yks. Lan. Also written bak-
bred, -breid, -brod (JAM. Suppl.) ; baikbred Lth. (.(AM.) ;
bakbread Sc. ; backbreyd w.Yks. ; bakbrade w.Yks.3 ;
•breyd e.Lan.1 ; -brede Lan. A kneading board used esp.
for oat-cake. See Back-board.
Sc. (.JAM.) ; A bakbread and a bannockstane, RAMSAY Tea-Table
Misc. (1724) I. 174, ed. 1871. w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.3
A portion [of the ' dofe '] is taken out with a ladle or ' maispot."
... It is poured on the bakbrade, where it is ' reeled,' or made
round. Lan.1 A broad thin board, with a handle, used in riddling
out the dough of oatcakes before they are put on the spittle, and
turned down on the bak-stone. e.Lan.1
[Bake, vb. + brede (OE. bred), q.v.]
BACK-BREED, sb. Sc. The breadth of one's back,
hence a throw, fall. See Back -breadth.
Bnff.1 The little ane geed up till 'im, leet a bleach at 'im i' the
face, an' ga' "im's back-breed o' the green.
[Back, sb. + brede (breadth), q.v.]
BACK-BY(E, advb.phr. Nhb. [ba'k-bai.] A miners'
term : just behind, a little way off.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Away from the face of the coal nearer the shaft
is said to be ' back-by.'
Hence (i) Back-bye men, shifters, wastemen, men
who are not engaged in work at the face of the ironstone
workings. (2) Back -bye work, work not at the face of
the ironstone workings.
[Gl. Lab. (1894).]
BACKCAST, sb., ppl. adj. and adv. Sc. Nhb. Cum.
Wm. Yks. Lin. Also written back-kest Cum.1 n.Yks.2
mYks.1; bak-kast Wm.; bak-kest Cum. [ba'k-kast,
ba'k-kest]
1. sb. A misfortune, reverse ; used esp. of a relapse
during illness, or a moral backsliding. Also used attrib.
Sc. She got a sair back-cast wi' the slaughter o' her husband,
SCOTT Midlothian (1818) li; They'll get a back-cast o' his hand
yet, that think so muckle o' the creature, and sae little o' the
Creator, ib. Tales of my Landlord, II. 200 (JAM.). Wgt. (A.W.)
N.Cy.1 Impediment in the working in coal-mines. Nhb. The wife
wad'a been onher feet agyen ornoo, but she gat a backcast wi' tryin
ti get aboot ower syun. He still carries on the bit-shop ; but he gat
a sair backcast wi' the lang strike, an* hes hivvy tews ti had his
heed above waiter (R.O.H.) ; But eftor that things teuk a turn, iv
a back-cast kind o' way, HARBOTTLE Fishing Club (1887) ; Nhb.1
Aa wis gettin' nicely better, but aa's hed a sair backcast. Cum.
(W.H.H.); (M.P.); Cum.1 He was mendan nicely, but he gat
a sair back kest i' winter. Wm.1 Kit's nobbet doin badly ; he's
gitten a terr'ble back-cast. The word is in very common use;
it is also applied to a check in the growth of crops, &c. n.Yks.
(I.W.) ; n-Yks.1 Josey Deal's lessen three of's kye : Ah doots it's
. gannan to be a sair back-kest tiv 'im ; n.Yks.2 He's getten a sair
back-kest. ne.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 Lin. STREATFIELD Lin. and Danes
(1884) 315. n.Lin.1 He was the punct'alistmanat prayer meatin's
ther' was e' all th' toon, but he got a straange back-cast thrif that
lass bein' wi' bairn to him.
2. A retrospect.
n.Sc. The back-cast's sad, noo it he's awa (W.G.).
3. A backwater, q.v.
n.Ltn.1
4. ppl. adj. Retrospective.
Sc. I'll often kindly think on you ; And on our happy days and
nights, With pleasing back-cast view, TANNAHILL Poems, 97.
5. adv. Of time : long ago, in the past.
Cum. An' 'yont hoaf a life time, Far back-kest, yan sees A lad
wid two sweethearts, GILPIN Ballads (1874) 84-
[Back, adv. + cast, sb.]
BACK-CHAP, sb. Sc. A back-stroke, esp. in phr. to
hand in a back-chap, to play the part of an assistant, or
' second fiddle.'
Abd. 1 mith [might] hand in a backchap till anither ; but to
attempt a discoorse — I wud be owre the theets ere we got weel
streiket, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) 104. Per. (G.W.)
BACK-CREEL, sb. Sc. A wicker basket formed to
fit the back, chiefly used by fishwives. Cf. creel.
Sc.. Sh. & Or.I. Before wheelbarrows came into common use,
VOL. I.
back-creels were used in cleaning out byres, stables, &c. ; and in
such creels manure, &c. was carried to the fields (JAM. Sufp/.).
Abd. Back-creels are carried by means of abroad strap from near the
creel-mouth passing round the breast just at the shoulders. The
heavier the load the more the bearer bends forward. Formerly
the creel was more widely used : e. g. put on carriers' carts to
hold small parcels, or slung one on each side of a beast of burden
(W.M.). Edb. At Newhaven the creel or back-creel strap passes
round the brow (W.M.). Gall. There was the full of a back-
creel of peats set together in the midst of the house floor, NICHOL-
SON Hist. Tales (1843) 10.
[Back, sb. + creel (sb.), q.v.]
BACK-DOOR, sb. used as adj. Irel. Yks. Lin. Ken.
Som. [ba-k-doa(r), bayk-doa(r).]
1. Fig. Mean, stealthy, underhand ; cf. back-stairs.
N.I.1 Back-door work.
2. (i) In phr. back-door boy, a boy employed in a farm
house for domestic purposes ; cf. backhouse boy ; (2)
back-door trot, the diarrhoea ; (3) on the back-door trot,
afflicted with diarrhoea.
(i) Ken. The back-door boy cleans the knives and boots and does
other work of a like nature (P.M.) ; Where's the back-door boy?
Send him here (D.W.L.). (2) w.Yks. He deed o' t'back-door
trot (JE. B.). n.Lin.1 w.Som.1 I be saafe, nif I was vor ate very
many o' they there, twid zoon gie me the back-door trot. (3)
w.Yks. Are teh poorly ? — Ay, ah've been on t'back-door trot this
mony a day (^E.B.).
BACK-DYKE, see Backit-dyke.
BACKEN, v. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der.
Lin. Rut. Lei. Nhp. War. Won Shr. Hrf. Glo. Oxf. Hnt.
Suf. [ba'kan, ba'karj, bae'kan.]
1. To retard, delay, check.
Cum.1 Wm.1 T'frost sadly backens oor ploan [ploughing].
ne.Yks.1 T'maaster hesn't com'd ; wa mun backen t'dinner a bit.
e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Here's awlis summut cummin to backen a bodda, BY-
WATER Sheffield Dial. (1839) 4 ; w.Yks.1 This pash o' rain 'ul backen
our potatoes. Lan. Aw've had to go up to th' Ho yonder, wi' some
yarbs . . . and it's backent me, BRIERLEY Red Wind. (1868) 8.
ne.Lan.1 e.Lan.1 Chs.1 A gathering may be backened by holding
the part affected in very hot water ; Chs.3 This fou weather
backens ploughing ; s.Chs.1 Dhis1 wedh'ur)! bi veri baak-nin tti
mahy w6eut [this weather'll be very backenin' to my wheeat].
Stf.2 My men's sprained 'is arm a bit. It'll backen us with th' 'ay
iwer so. Con y' backen dinner a trifle, missis ? Th' mester wants
us tak some shcp to market. n-Lin.1 Dinner's been backen'd a good
hooer thrif soot tum'lin doon th' chimla' ; sw-Lin.1 It no-but
backens them for a week or so. Rut.1 These frostes hev backened
'em a bit. Lei.1 Put a bit o' sieck o' the foire to backen it a bit.
Nhp.1 The child would have walked before now, if its teeth hadn't
backen'd it. War. (J.R.W.) ; War.2 Backen the meat, it'll be
done too soon. This frost'll backen the spring ; War.3 w.Wor.1
I doubt thaay're too forrat ; 't'ull do 'em no 'arm to be backened
a bit ; se.Wor.1 This caowd weather 'ull backen the craps ; s.Wor.1
Shr.1 Missis, we mun backen dinner ; the Maister's sen' word now
jest as 'e 66na be in at the time ; Shr.2 This caud weather ull
backen the quern. Hrf.2 Glo. The cold winds will backen the
corn (A.B.) ; Glo.1, Oxf.1, Hnt. (T.P.F.), Suf. (F.H.)
2. To get worse, have a relapse in illness.
Yks. Nora . . . asked him how his wife was. ' She's badly, miss ;
she's backened sin' yesterday,' said the old fellow, PRICE Little
One (1891) I. vi.
3. To go back ; to back, or push farther behind.
Stf.2 You'd better backen three or four rows [of knitting].
Shr.2 Backen the oss, wunn 'e.
[Back, adv. + -en, vbl. suff., as in lit. E. darken, harden,
lessen, slacken^]
BACK-END, sb. Sc. and all the n. counties to Lan.
Chs. Stf. Der. Not. Lin. Also in Rut. Lei. Nhp. War.
Shr. [ba-k-end, bark-end.]
1. The latter part or end of any period of time, esp. the
latter part of the year, the autumn or winter ; also
attrib.
Sc. The back-end o' hairst [harvest] (JAM.). Frf. This travel-
ling show visited us regularly twice a year, once in summer for
the Muckle Friday, . . . and again in the ' back-end ' of the year,
BARRIE Lie/it (1888) 42, ed. 1893. e.Lth. It was an ill back-end
for the maister, HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) 10. Gall. Yer boast
[cough] is no' near as sair as it was i' the back-end, CROCKETT
Stickit Min. (1893) 4. N.Cy.1 Nhb. They were talking together
Q
BACK-END-FORE
L«4]
BACKET
of the price of sheep and cattle at the ' back-end ' fair, CLARE Love
of Lass (1890) I. 39 ; Nhb.1 Last back-end. Dur. The accident
happened the back end of last week (A.B.) ; Dur.1 Cum. T'back-
end's ola's t'bare-end, Prov. (E.W.P.) ; Cum.1 ; Cum.3 Last back-
end, hooiver, Betty was fashed sadly wid t'rheumatics, 17. Wm.1
We've a varry clushy [rainy] backend this year. Yks. She's
allays for carrying in t'milk since t'rhematiz cotched my shouther
i' 't'back end, GASKELL Sylvia (1863) II. i. n.Yks.1 Back-end o'
last week ; n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1 We'd nobbut a dowly [dull] tahm
t'last back-end. e.Yks. Bob's getten a pairo' bellas'd beeats [boots
with the tongues sewed to the uppers] this back end, NICHOLSON
Flk-Sp. (1889) 89; Back-end lasts from harvest to Martinmas;
the period following is called 'efther Martlemas' or 'a bit afooar
Kesmas' (J.N.) ; Back-end is the only word in use for the
end o' next week, LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) ; w.Yks.1 It's
fit for nout bud liggin by to t'back-end for sheep sauve, ii. 290 ;
w.Yks.23 Lan.1 n.Lan.1 1'se gaen ta leeav me spot [situation] this
back-end. neXan.1, e.Lan.1 mXan.1 Backend. This word meeans
autumn, winter, an" pert o' spring ; or yo' may reckon id as stertin'
at the end o' yo'r summer halladays, an' endin' when yo'r Ayster
halladays stert. Chs.1 s.Chs.1 Dhem wilts uz wfln soa'n ut dhu
baaken-d [them wuts as wun sown at the back-end]. Stf.1 ;
Stf.2 Farmer Jones is sellin some on 'is beasts this back-end, 'C
'anner much 'ey fur th' winter. Der.2, nw.Der.1 Not. There's
a deal of keep i' the Lord's meadow this back-end (L. C. M. ) ; Not.1
Lin. Mea an' thy sister was married, when wur it? back-end o'
June, TENNYSON N. Cobbler. n.Lin. Oud hezzel-pear bloomed i'
back-end, PEACOCK Taales (1889) 101 ; n.Lin.1 Them back-end
anemones is ruinaated wi' drought. Back end o' th' week, Friday
and Saturday ; sw.Lin.1 They're back-end ducks, not this year's
birds. Rut1, Lei.1, Nhp.1, War. (J.R.W.), War.3 Shr.1 We
sha'n 'ave time to do them little jobs to'erts the back-end. Slang.
That's two years ago, the back-end of this year, MAYHEW Land.
Labour (1864) III. i.
Hence Backendish, adj. Of weather : proper to autumn
or winter, autumnal, wintry, rough.
ne.Yks.1
2. The back part of a house ; the premises attached
thereto ; cf. backside, 2.
Nhb.1 nXin.1 It's at the back-end o' th' hoose, just agean th'
watter-tub.
3. In mining : the part of a judd left in the working place
of a pit, after the sump is brought down by an explosion
of gunpowder.
Nhb. Mining Gl. (1852) ; Nhb.1 Nhb. & Dur. In working a wide
board, an excavation or kirving is made in the bottom part of the
coal, half of the width of the board, and as far in as the hewer is
able to make it with his pick. This is followed by a vertical
cutting, equally far in, next to the side of the place. A hole is
then drilled near the roof, and fast side of the coal is undermined,
and in it gunpowder is placed and the coal blown down. This is
called the sump or vantage. The remaining half of the place is
called the back-end, and is similarly undermined and shot down,
GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
4. In phr. back-end minders, minders in charge of the end
of the carding-machine.
w.Yks. Back-end minders are workers who wind the sliver into
a ball when there are no coiler-cans (S.A.B.).
[Back, adj. + end.]
BACK-END-FORE, advb. phr. Som. Dev. Written
back and fore w.Som.1 ; backanvore Dev. Backwards,
hind-part foremost.
w.Som.1 Waut bee baewt ? Kas-npuut aun dhee jaa-kut baak--n
voa-ur [What are you about ? (Thou) canst not put on thy jacket
backwards]. Dev. She was in such a temper on going out, she
put her bonnet on backanvore, Reports Provinc. (1886) 91.
BACKENING, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin. War. Ken.
[ba'knin, ba'kanin, bae'knin.]
1. Relapse in illness ; fig. a hindrance. Cf. back-cast.
ne.Yks.1 Jane's neea bether ; woss if owt ; sha's had sum sad
backenings. w.Yks. Bud i' t'spite o' all backnins I've a little
cake for my owd age, Yksman. (Oct. 1878) 362 ; Hlfx. Wds. ;
She took cold and has had a bad backening (J.T.) ; w.Yks.1 ;
w.Yks.2 I hope he'll have no more backenings. eXan.1 Chs.1
Our little one is not right yet ; he had a serious backening the
day we were at Beeston. nXin.1 She's got a backening in her
liggin-in thrif takkin' cohd. War. (J.R.W.) Ken.1
2. Of a fire : preventing its burning out.
War.3 Get some slack damped for backening the fire.
[Vbl. sb. of backen, vb.]
BACKER, sb. Lon. Ken. [bae'ka(r), be-ks(r).] A
porter, carrier, unloader.
Lon. The same rule holds good in the coke trade, . . . those pos-
sessing vans reaping the largest amount of profit; . . . and, least of all,
the ' backers,'as they are sometimes called, MAYHEW Land. Labour
(1864) II. 86; A 'backer' is the man (in a squad of five at dock
work) who ties the mouth of a sack of grain, &c., when full, lifts
it on to his back, and then tilts it into the cart or truck for removal,
Gl. Lab. (1894) ; The method pursued was for the quarters of meat
to be raised from the hold and dropped on the quay side, and
then labourers, called 'backers,' lifted the meat on their backs,
and placed it in the vans for transit, Standard (Mar. 3, 1891) 3,
col. 3. Ken.1 A word in common use at the docks.
[Back, sb. + -er.]
BACKER,fl<#. Som. [bas'kafr).] Back, rear. Notusedas
a comparative any more than hinder. Never used as an adv.
w.Som.1 I know I zeed-n down in under the jib, there in the
backer-zide o' the cellar, s'now [dost thou know]. The backer
end o' thick there field's mortal rough, sure "nough. Tord the
backer part o' the wagin limbless [broke it to pieces].
[Back, adj. + -«r, comp. suff.]
BACKER-END, sb. Yks. [ba'kar-end.] The farther
end of a room ; see Back, adj.
e Yks. Y'u cudn'tsee ti backer-end o'spot.itwas seeah fullo' reek,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 50 ; e.Yks.1 The backer-end is used
as a depository for articles not in general use in a household.
BACKERLY, adj. and adv. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan.
Shr. [ba-karli, ba-kali.]
1. adj. Backward, behindhand, late ; also fig.
Dur.* A backerly hay time. Cum. It's been sec a backerly sum-
mer, ye see, there's nowder sweetness ner ripeness amang t'fruit
(M.P.). n-Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 A backerly spot, where things are slow
of growth. A backerly bairn, a puny child ; n.Yks.3 ne.Lan.1
Shr.2 A backerly harrast
2. adv. Backward, late.
Nhb.1 The tormits is varry backerly thae 'ear. n.Yks.1 T'far
side o' yon field weeant be fit yet a bit : it wur ower backerly
sown. ne.Yks.1 Them ooats is a bit backerly. Heard more in the
«. than in the e. Riding.
3. Shy, retiring.
Nhb. What can a girl do, when a lad is so backerly as was
Hughie Henderson? Tynedale Stud. (1896) v.
[Backer, adj. + -fy.]
BACKERMOST, adj. Yks. Hindmost.
m-Yks.1
[Two seat roomes in the gallery at Hampton in the
backermost seat, Churchw. Ace. (1669) inArchaeol. XXXV.
449 (DAV.). Backer, adj. + -most]
BACKERT, see Backward.
BACKET, sb.1 Sc. [ba'kat.]
1. A small square wooden trough, for carrying coal,
ashes, mortar, &c. ; a scoop-shaped vessel used for the
same purpose. See Ash-backet, Back, Backie.
Abd. The common term for what in Per. is called a hackie or
baikie (G.W.). Per. A scoop-shaped article carried on the thighs,
filled with a coal-rake made of wood (ib.). Fit Flung among
the Deevil's ace '[ashes] to be whummelled in red-hot backets to
a' eternity, ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 99. Lth. Seeking backets
and mason's auld duds, TENNANT Card. Beaton (1823) 154 (JAM.).
2. An oblong wooden trough, with a sloping lid, kept by
the fireside for preserving salt. More freq. called saut- or
salt-backet, q.v.
Sc. (JAM.)
3. Comp. Backet-stane, a stone at the back of the
kitchen fire, on which the saut-backet rests.
Sc. At length it reachtthe backet stane, DUFF Poems, 123 (JAM.).
[Fr. Baquet, ' Petit cuvier, vase de bois fait de douves
cerclees, qui sert a divers usages domestiques.' HATZFELD.
Dim. of bac, see Back, sb.5}
BACKET, sb* Ken. [bae'kat] A broad strap placed
over the back of a horse.
Ken. This strap is generally of leather, and is attached to the
traces of a plough harness on either side to keep them off the
ground (P.M.).
[Back, sb. + -et.]
BACK-FEAR
["5]
BACKHOUSE
BACK-FEAR, sb. ? Obs. Sc. (JAM.) An object of fear
from behind.
Sc. He needed not to dread no back fear, LINDSAY (of Pitscottie1)
Hist. Scotland (1728) 105.
BACK-FEAST, sb. Obs. Sh. and Or.I. An entertain-
ment given by the best man or ' groomsman,' in return for
the wedding feast given by the bride's friends.
Sh.I. The ordinary term for this entertainment is a treat orhame-
fare. It is given by the young men of the wedding company, is
managed by the best man, and usually takes place a week afier
the wedding (K.I. ). S. &Ork.J
[Back, adv. + feast.}
BACK-FETCH, sb. Cum. Wm. Lan. An after-thought ;
a recalling to mind of something forgotten or omitted ; cf.
afterfetch.
Cum. (J.P.), Wm.1, n.Lan. (W.H.H.)
[Back, adv. -f -fetch, sb. (the same as fetch, vb.).]
BACK-FLOODED,///, adj. Yks. Lan. Of a mill-wheel :
having a back-flow from the lower stream in flood time, so
that there is no fall of water,and thewheel is unable to work.
w.Yks. Obsol., but in common use twenty-five years ago(J.W. ).
n.Lan. In common use near Ulverston. The word is unknown
in s.Lan., where steam has supplanted all the mill-wheels (S.W.).
e.Lan.1
BACKFRIEND, sb. Sc. Cum. Chs. Stf. Der. Not. Lin.
Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Shr. Glo. Wil. Som.
1. A person who seconds or supports another, an abettor.
Sc. The people of God that's faithful to the cause, has ay a good
back-friend, BRUCE Lectures (1708) 60; We have a good back-
friend that will gar our cause stand right again, it. 61 (JAM.) ; I had
in case of the worst a stout back-friend in this uncle of mine,
SCOTT Q. Durward (1823) vi.
2. A secret enemy.
Sc. Ye have back-friends, my lord, that is un-friends, or to be
plain, enemies, SCOTT Nigel (1822) xv. n-Lin.1, se.Wor.1
3. An agnail, q.v.
Cum. He had a troublesome ' back friend' or 'agnail,' at which he
often bit, LINTON Liesie Lotion (1867) xxiv. s.Chs.1 Stf.1 ; Stf.2
Moi finger's as sore as sore can be, olve got a back-frend. Can yo
tell me ha fur'tcureit? Der.2, nw.Der.1, Not.1, Lei.1, Nhp.1 War.
(J.R.W.) ; NoRTHALi-Flk-Pfir. (1894); War.23, s-Wor.1, Shr.1, Glo.
(A.B.), Glo.1, Wil.1, Som. (F.H.)
[Backfriend, one that is no friend, a secret enemy, ASH
(1795) ; A back-friend, falsus amicus, occultus hostis,
COLES (1679) ; My backe freends or such as be out with
me & beare me a grudge, or owe me small good will,
BARET (1580) ; I harde somwhat by hym off a bakke
ffreende, Past. Let. (c. 1465) III. 40.]
BACK-GAIN, vbl. sb. Sc. Nhb. Written -gaun Bwk.
Nhb.
1. A relapse in illness.
Per. He was nae waur yester e'en, but there's a back gain' the
day [more Treq. back-gang] (G. W.). Bwk., Nhb. (W. H. H.)
2. A decline, consumption (JAM.).
[Back, adv. +gain (lit. E. going) ; lit. a ' back-going.']
BA.CK.-GATN,£pl.adj. Sc. QAM.) Also written -ga'en.
1. Receding, going back.
Sc. A back-gain tide.
2. Of persons: not thriving in health or in worldly
concerns. See Back-gone.
Sc. A backgain bairn. A back-gane geit, an ill-grown child. A
back-gain family. The back-gaen tenant fell ahint [in arrears
with the rent], Harst Rig, st. 48.
[The same word as above.]
BACK-GANNIN, vbl. sb. Nhb. Wm. [ba'k-ganin.]
A retrograding in health, circumstances, or condition.
See Back -gain.
Nhb.1 Wm.1 Rarely used. A doubt it's a back-gannin wi 'em.
[Back, adv. +gannin, vbl. sb. of gang (vb.), q.v. ; lit. a
' back-going.']
BACK-GATE, sb. Sc. [ba'k-get.]
1. A way or road that leads behind (JAM.).
2. Fig. Cunning, deceitful action ; immoral or degrading
conduct.
Sc. Ye tak ay back-gates, you never act openly (JAM.) ; He's
a' t' the back-gate wi' drink (W.G.). Per. (G.W.)
[Back, adv. + gate (way), q.v.]
BACKGONE, ppl. adj. Irel. Sickly, pining away ;
usually applied to a so-called changeling.
n.Ir. In common use (M.B.-S.). Don. The 'backgone' child,
though small, and fractious, and sickly, was as wise as an old man,
Fit-Lore in Cornh. Mag. (Feb. 1877) 179.
BACKGRUND, sb. Lan. War. [ba'k-grund.] A
place of concealment.
ne.Lan.1, War. (J.R.W.)
[The same as lit. E. background.]
BACK-HALF, sb. Sc. In phr. to be worn to the back-
half, to be nearly worn out.
Lnk. [This metaphorical use of back-half may] be borrowed from
a knife . . . that by long use is worn nearly to the back (JAM.) ;
(W.G.)
[Back, adj. +half (side).]
BACK-HANDER, sb. Stf. Lin. Lei. War. [ba-k-
anda(r).]
1. A blow given with the back of the hand.
Stf.2 Ei gen mi a wizar i" dh' laroul [a blow in the ear-hole],
3 reglar bakandar. n.Lin.1 He gev him a backhander into th'
mooth. Lei.1, War.3
2. A blow with a stick or other weapon when the hand
is raised over the shoulder to deliver it with greater
force.
Lei.1
3. Fig. A sarcastic retort or snub. In gen. use.
Lei.1 War.3 A nasty back-hander.
4. An unanswerable argument or proposition.
War.3 I am afraid that is a back-hander.
[Back-hand, the back of the hand + -er.]
BACK-HASH, sb. and v. Sc. Also written baghash.
1. sb. Ill-natured talk.
Per. In common use (G.W.).
2. v. To abuse, to scold violently.
Per., Fif. When routhless whip-men, scant o' grace, Baghash an*
bann them to their face, DUFF Poems, Old Horse (JAM.).
BACK-HEADWAYS, sb. pi. Nhb. Dur. The second
or back of any pair of headways or drifts.
Nhb. & Dur. The direction of the cleat, also a place or holing
driven in this direction. When a pair of headways are driven
for exploring or winning the coal, they are called exploring or
winning headways, the principal of which is called the fore-head-
ways, and the other the back-headways, GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl.
(ed. 1888) ; In driving a pair of head-ways, one is kept in advance
of the other, and is called the fore, and the other the back-
headways, NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
BACK-HEAVE, v. Oxf. Wil. Also written backaive
Oxf.1 [bae-k-ev.]
1. To winnow corn a second time, through a fine sieve.
Oxf.1, Wil.1
Hence Backheaved, ppl. adj. winnowed a second time.
Wil. DAVIS Agric. (1813).
2. To hinder.
Oxf. (M.A.R.) ; Oxf.1 Don't 'ee backave m'! MS. add.
[Back, adv. + heave (vb.), q.v.]
BACK-HEDGE, sb. War. A thorn hedge left as pro-
tection to the quick ; called also Foot-hedge, Foot-set, q.v.
See Back, sb*
War.8
BACK -HEEL, v. and sb. Cum. Wm. Lan.
1. v. To throw down one's antagonist in wrestling by
means of the back-heel trick.
Cum. Ah back-heel't her, an doon she went atween t'skemmels
SARGISSON Joe Scoap (1881) 60.
2. sb. A trick of planting the foot behind that of the
opposing wrestler in order to trip him up. Also called
Back-heeler.
Cum. In the back-heel the wrestler places his right heel behind
the right heel of his opponent, and, throwing the weight of his body
against that of his antagonist, fells him by throwing him on his
back. The same chip can be done with the left heel (J.A.). Wm.1
n.Lan. (W.H.H.)
BACK-HOD, see Back-hold.
BACKHOUSE, sb.1 Nhb. Cum. e.An. Som. Dev.
Also written bakhus Cum.1 ; backus Nhb.1 e.An.1 Nrf.
Suf. ; backas Suf.1 ; back-ouze Dev.3 [ba'k-as, bae-k-euz.]
The back-room of a house ; the back-kitchen, scullery,
Q2
BACKHOUSE
BACKIT-DYKE
vvashhouse. Also attrib. in phr. backhouse-boy, a boy em-
ployed to do scullery work ; cf. back-door boy.
Nhb.1. Cum.1 e.An.1 Backus, cf. wuddus for wood-house ; e.An.2
Nrf.(C.W.B.N.) Suf.(C.T.); Backhouse boy, scullery boy (F.H.) ;
Suf.1 Ess. Arch. Soc. (1863) II. 173. w.Som. Backhouse, the second
or back room of a cottage, Reports Provinc. (1891) ; w.Som.1 The
term for the living room and the ground-floor generally is house
[s.v. House]. Dev. I was layving . . . without going to the zider
cask in the back-houze, BURNETT Stable Boy (1888) xxvii ; I wish
you'd be so kind's vor to have the back-ouze a-saled [ceiled]. He s
so mortal cold, Reports Provinc. (1891) ; Dev.3
[Backhouse, a building or room behind the chief part of
the house, ASH (1795) ; Back-house, the buildings behind
the house, office houses. Their back-houses, as kitchens,
stables.— Caray, BAILEY (1755).]
BACKHOUSE, s£.2 and v. Irel. and all the n. counties
to Yks. and Lan. Also in Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. Suf.
Also written backus Nhb.1 Dur.1 Cum. Yks. w.Yks.4 ;
back-us w.Yks.2; bakhus Cum.1 Wm.1 w.Yks. Nhp.1;
bak-hus Lei.1 ; back-as Wm. w.Yks. ; bakus n.Yks.2 ;
bakhouse ne.Lan.1 War. ; baakooze Wxf.1 [ba'k-as,
bea-k-as.]
1. sb. A room or house containing an oven, a bakehouse ;
a public bakery.
Wxf.1, N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Dnr.1, Cum.1 Cum. & Wm. Back-house, the
public bakehouse of the village, heated once a week for brown
bread, other things being usually baked at home (M.P.). Wm.
Thae'd dew weelanuff toleeat t'backas vie, Spec. Dial. (1885) pt. iii.
6 ; Wm.1 Yks. THORESBY Lett. (1703). n-Yks.1 w.Yks. Az warm
az bein in a backas, nearly, TOM TKEDDLEHOYLE Manch. Exhib.
(1857) ii ; w.Yks.2 Back-us, cf. Brew-us, Malt-us ; w.Yks.4;
w.Yks.5 Nip to t'bak'hus', my lass, an' fotch muh a faew o' tins.
ne.Lan.1, Lei.1, Nhp.1, War. (J.R.W.) Shr.1 The back kitchen or
' brew-'us,' as it is generally called, has an oven, and usually serves
as the bake'us. Put them bags o' bran an' gargeons i' the bake-'us,
an' lock it up, or else the one 'afe'll find its way into the stable.
Suf. (C.T.)
2. v. To bake bread in an oven.
Wxf.1 Baakoozee.
3. Comp. (i) Bakus-boord, (2) Backus-neet.
(i) n.Yks.2 Bakus-boord, a board to make dough upon. (a)
Cum. Backus-neet, the night when the bakehouse was at work
'J.PO-
[Bakhowse or bakynge howse, pistrtnum, Prompt. ;
Hoc pistrinum, a bakhows, WRIGHT Voc. 729. 27. Cp.
MHG. bach-hits, a bakery (LEXER) ; G. backhaus (GRIMM).
Back (—bake in comp. ; cp. backspittle, backs/one) + house.]
BACK-HOUSE DYKE, sb. Yks. Lin. In phr. in back-
house dyke, late, behindhand ; in difficulties, in a dilemma.
w.Yks. (E.S.A.) n.Lin.1 I've overligged my sen this mornin'an'
hev' been e" back-hoose dyke all th' daay thrif.
BACKIE, sb.1 Sc. Also written baukie GAM.),
bauckie Ayr. The Bat. See Back-bearaway.
Sc. The laverock and the lark, The baukie and the bat, The
heather-bleet, the miresnipe, How mony birds be that ? Answer
— two, CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes (ed. 1870, 198. n.Sc.(jAM.) Abd.
Backie is freq. heard (J.M.).
2. Comp. Backie-bird.
Sc. The modern name is backie-bird (JAM.). w. & s.Sc. (ii.
Suppl.) Cld. (G.W.) Ayr. When lyart leaves bestrew the yird,
Or wavering like the bauckie bird, Bedim cauld Boreas' blast,
BURNS Jolly Beggars (1785) ; They may hook a baukie-bird in the
air, GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822) xxxiv.
[Back+-ie (-y). Back repr. an old and once very
common name for the bat. Reremowse or backe whiche
flyeth in the darcke, nycteris, HULOET (1552) ; Backe
a beest that flyeth, chauve souris, PALSGR. ; Foule backes,
Wars Alex. (c. 1450) 3936 ; Bakke, vespertilio, Prompt. ;
Molde-warpis and backis, WYCLIF (1388) Isa.ii. 20. Only
in comps. in Scand. dials. Cp. Dan. aflen-bakke, evening-
bat ; OSw. natt-bakka, night-bat (RiETz).j
BACKIE, si.2 Sc. Also written baikie GAM.). A
square wooden vessel or trough, used for holding ashes,
provender for cattle, &c. See Back, Backet, Ash-backet.
Abd. A baikie [oftener backie] is a box for carrying ashes (G. W.).
Lnk. The cow's baikie. Also a wooden vessel in which dishes are
washed (JAM.).
[Back, sb.° + -ie(-y).]
an
some
BACKIE, sb.a Sc. In phr. to give a backie, or backie-up,
to hoist up on one's back.
e.Sc. In very common use, chiefly among boys. trees a
bauckie! I'll gie ye a bauckie-up (J.W.M.).
BACKING, sb. and adj. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks.
Lan Chs. Stf. Not. Lin. Rut. Lei. Nhp. War. Also Mid.
Dor. [ba-kin, bee-kin.] Of something behind or at the
back of another object. See Back, sb. and v.
1. sb. Small, refuse coal, or 'slack 'piled on a fire to check
the quick consumption of fuel by the flames.
Stf.2 Oi'l just chuk a lump on dh' foior, an 3 shuvl a bakin,
dhen'wi shan bi reit far dh' neit. s.Not. Go and throw s
backing on the fire back (J.P.K.). Not.1, n-Lln.1 Rut.1 Your
stoves will take a good deal of backing. Lei. (C.E.) ; Lei.1 Botli
' slack ' and 'backing ' are named from ' slacking,' or ' backing,' the
more rapid burning of the larger coal. Nhp.1 Backing is thrown
on for the double purpose of economising fuel and increasing the
heat. War.23
Hence Backin'-turf, sb. turf used for ' backing.'
Sc. This word was formerly common, but is now dying out
(G.W.). Rxb. Backin'-turf, a turf laid on a low cottage-fire at
bedtime as a back, for keeping it alive till morning ; or one placed
against the hud [back of the fireplace] in putting on a new turf-
fire, for supporting the side-turfs (JAM.).
2. Usually in pi., refuse of flax, cloth, or wool ; also
attrib.
Sc. Katie Beardie had a cock, That could spin backin' rock
[distaff], CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes(e<\. 1870) 35 ; In the manufacture
of flax the tow, thrown off by a second hackling, is denominated
backings, and is sometimes made into sail-cloth (JAM.). Abd. The
waft was chiefly spun by old women, and that only from backings or
nails, Statist. Ace. XIX. 207 (ib.). Ant. Backins, refuse of flax
which sticks in the teeth of the cards in the carding of tow, GROSE
(1790) MS. add. (C.) Arm. 8 Ib. flax for coarse linen ; and 4 Ib.
of dressed tow, and some for backens, YOUNG Tour (1780) I. 141.
Cum.1 Backins, cotton wool prepared for filling up, and clippings of
cloth formerly used by tailors for stiffening coat collars. w.Yks.
Backins, wool drawn from the back of the comb ; milkins are
drawn from the front (E.W.) ; (E.G.)
3. An embankment, esp. in phr. hedge backing, a bank of
earth on which a hedge grows.
Lan. Owd 'Siah with some difficulty mounted a low backing and
took a survey of the country, BRIERLEY Tales (1843) 85 ; Leaping
over five-barred gates and old hedge backings, ib. Daisy Nook
(1859) 6; (S.W.) ne.Lan.1 Soil placed behind wattling is called
backing. Chs.13, War. (J.R.W.)
4. Sprays of foliage placed at the back of a bunch of
flowers.
Lon. In the winter I get all kinds of wild flowers and roots, . . .
' backing ' off of trees (' backing ' it's called, because it's used to
put at the back of nosegays), MAYHEW Land. Labour (1864) II. 72.
5. Fig. A body of followers ; support.
Sc. A quarter whence assuredly he expected no backing, SCOTT
Rob Roy (1817) viii. n.Sc. Nae thanks till him for getting the
place, he hid sic a backan (W.G.). Per. The skip of a winning rink
at a curling match (1895) said, ' Brothers o' the broom, I'm glad
that I take the prize hame wi' me ; but I'm mair behauden to my
backin' than to my direction or play (G.W.).
6. adj. Comb, (i) Backing bed ; (2) — deal ; (3) — weft.
(i) Dor. Backing bed, a structure of stone in Swanage quarries,
fit only for the inside of a wall (C.W.). (a) Nhb.1 Backing-deals
keep back loose strata, Mining Gl. (1853). Nhb. &Dur. Backing
deals, deals placed behind cribs [or circles of wood] for the support
of the walls of a pit where the stone is bad, GREENWELL Coal Tr.
Gl. (1849). w.Yks. Backing weft, yarn for the backing or back
part of cloth (J.M.).
BACKING, vbl. sb.1 Hrt. The process of allowing the
short thorn to grow up to protect the hedge. See
Back-hedge.
Hrt. ELLIS Mod. Husb. (1750) I. i. 97.
BACKING, vbl. sb* Yks. In phr. backing off, a back
motion in mule spinning.
w.Yks. The back motion of the frame to allow the drawn and
twisted thread to be wound on to the cop (J.C.).
BACKIT-DYKE, sb. Sc. Cum. Wm. Also in form
back-dyke Cum.1 A stone fence backed up with earth
on the inner side.
Abd. They stood upon the top of the backit dyke, ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb (1871) xi. Cum.1 Many of the fences against commons
BACK-JAW
BACK-RECKONING
vere formerly breasted with stone on the exposed side, or with
itone and sod, and backed up with earth on the inner side, hence
the name. Wm.1
[Backed, pp. of back (vb.), q.v. + dyke, q.v.]
BACK- JAW, sb. Sc. A retort ; mutual abuse.
Bnff.1 Per. Gie's nane o' yer back-jaw (G.W. ).
Hence Back -jawan.tJW.sA. the act of retorting, or abusing.
Bnff.1
[Back, adv. + jaw (coarse abuse), q.v.]
BACK- JAW, v. Sc. To retort ; altercate ; abuse.
Inv. (H.E.F.) Bnff.1 The twa back-jawt ane anither till a" wiz
aivt wee thir ill tungs. Per. Dinna back-jaw langer wi' them
(G.W.).
BACK- JETTY, sb. Cmb. A causeway at the back of
a house.
Crab. So called at Whittlesea [where a narrow passage between
buildings, an ' entry ' (q.v.), is known as a jetty or gitty], N. & Q.
(1868) 4th S. ii. 177.
[Bac6,sb.+jetfy.]
BACK- JOINT, sb. Yks. A vertical fissure at the back
of a block of slate in a quarry.
w.Yks. Miners in some districts call the joints furthest from
them the ' back-joints,' in others they are called shortly ' backs '
(H.V.). [Gl. Lab. (1894).]
BACK-KEST, see Backcast.
BACK-LANE, sb. Yks. Lin. Rut. Lei. War. Wor.
[ba'k-len, Yks. ba-k-loin. | A narrow, unfrequented street,
gen. a by-way leading from the main thoroughfare.
w.Yks. The side street in Snaith running parallel to the High
Street is usually called Back Lane (E.S.F.). Lin. I tooke to my
heels as hard as I could runne and got my selfe into a back-lane.
BERNARD Terence (1629) 156. n.Lin.1 Thaay're buildin' a sight o'
new hooses agean As'by back-laane fer th' iron-stoan men to live
in. Rut.1, Lei.1 War.3 When there is more than one road through
a village, the least important is generally known as the back lane.
Wor. (J.W.P.)
BACK-LASH, sb. Yks. Lan. [ba'k-lej.]
1. The amount of play in toothed wheels which permits
of their revolving easily.
w.Yks. (S.K.C.); (J.T.)
2. The slight backward motion of a machine in starting ;
the slight jarring when the motion is not uniform.
w.Yks. (J.T.), s.Lan. (S.W.)
3. The upper or surface return current where there is
a fall of water.
w.Yks. (J.T.)
BACK-LASH, v. Lan. [ba'k-laj.] To How back,
as water upon a mill-wheel in a flood.
n.Lan. (S.W.), e.Lan.1
[Back, adv. + lash (to whip).]
BACK-LEDGE, sb. Obs. Dev. Cor. A court or back-
yard. See Backlet ; cf. backside, 2.
Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Dev. &Cor. Monthly Mag.
(1808) II. 422.
BACKLET, sb. Glo. Som. Dev. Cor. [bas'klat.] The
back premises of a house, a court, yard ; cf. backside, 2.
Glo.1 What pretty back-lets these old houses have got. Som.
W. & J. Gl. w.Som.1 Dhai-v u-roa-uzd mee rai'nt tu vaa'wur
paewn u yuur, vur dhee-uz yuur aewz, un dhur ed-n noa gyur-dn
nur neet u beet uv u baak-lut [they have raised my rent to four
pounds a year for this house, and there is no garden, and not any
back-door, or back premises]. ' Good backlet ' is often seen in
advertisements of houses to let. Dev. Monthly Mag. (1808) II.
422 ; nw.Dev.1 Cor. They buried un out in a soort of a backlet,
TREGELLAS Tales (1860) 75, ed. 1865 ; Cor.12
[Back, sb. + -let, dim. sun".]
BACKLINGS, adv. Sc. Cum. Yks. Also written
backlins, backlan's Sc. [ba'klinz.] Backwards, in a
backward direction.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; An' backlins frae the Bull to
shift His blazing coursers cour, A. SCOTT Poems (ed. 1808) 80 ; To
gae backlins, to go with the face opposite to the course one
takes (JAM.). S. & Ork.1 Abd. To take a step ' backlan's,' THOM
Rhymes, &c. (1844) Preface. Ayr. Backlins-comin . . . she grew
mair bright, BURNS To W. Simpson (1785). Cum.2, n.Yks.1, m.Yks.1
[OE. baecling, only used in phr. on hading, ' retrorsum.'
On becling, Cant. Ps. cxiii. 3. Back, sb. + -ling, with advb.
gen. -s.}
BACKMOST,^'. Yks. Lan. [ba'kmast.] Hindmost.
m.Yks.1 w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. I July n, 1891). e.Lan.1
[Back, adj. + -most. A late formation.]
BACK NOR EDGE, see Back and Edge.
BACK-ORDER, sb. Chs. Der. [ba'k-9da(r).] A
countermand, a reversal of a previous command.
s.Chs.1 Ahy woz tu A too-kn dhem bee-uss tu)th fae-r, bu mes-tur
sent mi baak'-au'rdiirz [I was to ha'tooken them beas-s to th' fair,
bu' mester sent me back-orders]. Der. (H.R.)
BACK-ORDER, v. Der. To countermand, to revoke
an order or command.
Der. He has changed his mind, and back-ordered the cart
(H.R.).
[Back, adv. + order, vb.]
BACK-OUT, sb. Ken. [bae'k-eut.] A back yard.
Ken. HOLLOWAY ; n.Ken. (W.F.S.) Ken.1
[Back, sb. + out, adv.]
BACK-OUT-OWRE, advb. phr. Sc. Nhb. Also written
•our Sc.
1. Backwards.
Sc. (JAM. Suppl.) Abd., Per. He fell clean back out owre
(G.W.). Nhb. Fell back-out-owre in a swoone, RICHARDSON
Borderer's Tablt-bk. (1846) VII. 142.
2. Back to a place, and implying return (JAM. Suppl.).
Sc. I'll rin back-out-owre and get your bag.
3. Back, away from.
Sc. Come back-out-owre the fire this minit ! (JAM. Suppl.) Abd. ,
Per. (G.W.)
[Back, adv. -f oul-owre, equiv. to At-ower.]
BACK-OVER, adv., prep, and adj. phr. Sc. Nhb. Dur.
Yks. Also written -owre Sc. (JAM.) ; ower Nhb.1
1. adv. Behind.
Sc. QAM.)
2. In phr. (r) to come back-over, to return ; (2) to fall, go,
back-over, to fall backwards.
(i) Nhb.1 He cam back-ower tiv us. (2) n.Yks. He fell back
ower (I.W.). Nhb.1 He went back-ower.
3. prep. From the back of.
Sc. He skailed the taties back-owre the cairt (G.W.).
4. adj. phr. In phr. a back-over turn, a turn which makes
an angle less than a right angle with the original road.
Dur. Go as far as the church, and then take the back-over turn
to the right (A.B.).
BACK-OVERMAN, sb. Nhb. Dur. A superintendent
at a coal-mine. See Back-shift.
Nhb.1 The back-overman superintends the management of the
pit from the time the overman leaves until five o'clock in the
evening, when the pit is said to ' loose ' or stop work. Nhb.
& Dur. Back-overman, an overman who has the responsible
charge of the workings and workmen in the absence of the over-
man during the back-shift [or while the second shift of hewers are
in the mine], NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
[Back, adv. + overman, q.v.]
BACK-PART, sb. Ken. [bark-pat.] Of persons:
the back.
Ken. Well known and in common use in connexion with the
idea of being rid of a person (D.W.L.) ; (P.M.) ; Ken.1 I shall be
glad to see the backpart of you [to get you gone].
[I will take away Mine hand, and thou shalt see My
back-parts, BIBLE Ex. xxxiii. 23 ; Derriere, the hinder
part, back-part or back-side, COTGR. Back, sb. +part, sb.]
BACKRACKETS, sb. pi. Glo. [bae'k-raekits.] Fire-
works ; cf. backrapper.
Glo.1 Samson ketched dree hundred foxes, and tied squibs and
backrackets on their tails, Roger Ploughman's Second Visit to
London.
[Back, adv. + rackets. Cp. G. raket, a kind of firework,
a rocket ; Du. raket ; orig. the name for the stiff cartridge
cylinder ; see SANDERS.]
BACKRAPPER, sb. War. [bark-raep3(r).]
War.2 Backrapper, a firework so folded that the charges in the
folds detonate in succession ; War.3 Back-rapper, the firework
known as a cracker.
BACK-RECKONING, sb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Lin. War.
[ba'k-rekanin.] A settlement of old money differences ;
fig. a reference to an old cause of quarrel ; a past record.
Cum.1 n.Yks. (T.S.) Lan. Almost invariably used negatively.
We'll have no back-reckonings ; we'll start fair — let all bygones
BACK-ROUP
[118]
BACKSIDE
be bygones (S.W.). ne.Lan.1 n.Lin.1 1 could do very well wi' my
olid man noo, if he wasn't alus reapin up back-reckonings. I doant
talk much aboot it, bud I've a back-reckonin' to paay him when I
nobut get a chanche. sw.Lin. There's a bad back-reckoning agen
him (R.E.C.). War. (J.R.W.)
[Back, adv. + reckoning]
BACK-ROUP, v. Sc. [ba'k-raup.] To bid at a public
sale merely to raise the price.
Inv. The person who back-roups is known as a ' white-bonnet '
or ' puffer ' (H.E.F. V Bnff.1
Hence (i) Back-roupan, vbl. sb. the act of bidding at
a public sale merely to raise the price ; (2) Back-rouper,
sb. a person who thus bids at a sale.
(i) Bnff.1 (2) Bnff.1 Per. Back-roupers, white-bannets (G.W.).
[Back, adv. + roup (an outcry, a sale of goods by auction),
q.v.]
BACK-SCOUR, sb. Lin. [ba'k-skua(r).] The process
of letting in the Trent water to wash out the inside of a
drain.
Lin. (E.P.) ; There is no back scour at the sluice, MILLER &
SKERTCHLY Fenland (1878) vii.
BACK-SCRAWTER, sb. Obs. Yks. A scratcher for
the back.
n. Yks.2 An ivory claw with a long handle, used by ladies in
days long ago.
[Back, sb. + scrawter ; see Scrat.]
BACKSET, sb. Sc. Irel. Cum. Yks. Lan. Lin. [ba'kset.]
1. A check, hindrance ; a reverse, misfortune.
Sc. The weeds . . . cannot, after such a backset and discourage-
ment, come to seed so late in the autumn, MAXWELL Trans. Agric.
(1743) 82 (JAM.) ; The people of God have got many backsets one
after another, WODROW Hist. Church Sc. (1721) II. 555 (ib.). Per.
The caul' frosty nichts in May gya the tatie-crap a back-set (G.W.).
Gall. He had received his first backset, and it told on him like a
sentence of death, CROCKETT SiickitMin. (1893) 16. Wgt (A.W.)
w.Yks. Ov coorse mooast fowk have ther bits o" backsets, sick-
ness an losses, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1889) 60.
2. A relapse in sickness.
Per. (G.W.) Wgt. (A.W.) Uls. (M.B.-S.) Ant Backset is
always used of a relapse after illness, never in a moral sense
(R.M.Y.).
3. A something in reserve, esp. applied to a store of
money or goods held in reserve against an emergency ;
hence, a prop, a support.
Cum.1 w.Yks. He's saved a bit o' brass an' that'll be a nice
backset for him (F. K.) ; A rich relative or patron is a backset
(B. K.) ; Aw'll hev' two pair o' traasers an' then one pair al do for
a backset (S.K.C.) ; w.Yks.3 Lan. He'd bin sich a backset to ther
church, BRIERLEY Irkdale (1868) 49 ; Lan.1 Hoo's noan so badly
off; hoo's a bit ov a backset i' th' Bank. Feight him, Jim ; aw'll
bi thi backset. e.Lan. ' [Is applied to a supporter] gen. in a
financial sense.
4. An excuse, colourable pretext, set-off.
w.Yks.8 If a woman knows that her neighbour is watching her
enter another person's house against whom she has vowed enmity
to that neighbour, she will look about her mentally for a ' backset ' ;
thus, she may say that she went for the purpose of blowing her up.
5. An outshot at the back of a building.
nJUa.1
6. A sub-lease.
Sc. By means of a backset the possession is restored to those
who were primarily interested in it. Marischall, having got a fifteen
years tack of the customs of Aberdeen, sets the same custom in
backset to some burgesses of Aberdeen, SPAI.DING Hist. Troubles
in Sc. (1792) I. 334 QAM.) ; Still in use (W.G.).
[3. Chiens de relais, dogs laid for a back-set ; such as
are held by the side of a long course, to be hounded after
a deer already pursued by other dogs, COTGR. Back, adv.
+ sel, pp. of set, vb.]
BACKSET, v. Sc.
1. To fatigue, weary ; usually in pp.
Bnff.1 Abd. The long walk quite backset him (G.W.) ; Backset,
wearied, fatigued QAM.).
2. To disgust.
Bnff.1 Abd. Castor-oil backsets me (G.W.). Per. The word
backset is hardly known here (ib.).
3. In phr. backset and/onset, overwhelmed with difficulties,
beset behind and before.
Cum. ' He's backset and foreset,' she said in a low tone. ' Ey, ey ;
he's made a sad mull on't,' CAINE Shad. Crime (1885) 114 ; Cum.1
Wm. Poor Lib, she war fair backset and foreset, en she didn't kna
what tu du, JACK ROBISON Aald Tales (1882) 6. n.Yks. He was
backset an' fooarset wi' them (I.W.). Lan. She's backset and
foreset, wi' a good for nowt of a husband, ' EAVESDROPPER ' Vitt.
Life (1869) 99.
[The lit. mg. is to set upon in the rear. Back, adv. +
set, vb.]
BACK-SEY, sb. Sc. The sirloin.
Sc. He'll make as muckle about buying a fore quarter o' lamb
in August, as about a backsey o' beef, SCOTT Antiquary (1816) xv ;
Yours [a piece of beef] ... is out o' the back-sey, ib. Bride of
Lam. (1819) xxxiv. Lnk. A healthfu' stomach sharply set, Prefers
a backsey piping het, RAMSAY Poems (1727) 363 (JAM.).
[Back, adv.+sey, q.v.]
BACKSHAVE, sb. Wm. [ba'kjev.] A spokeshave,
a kind of plane with two handles for planing curved
surfaces.
Wm. Cum. and Wm. Trans. XIII. ii. 267 ; Wm.1
BACK-SHIFT, sb. Nhb. Dur. Yks. [ba'k-jift] The
second set of hewers that go down into the coal mine ;
the time (usually eight hours) during which they work.
See Back-overman and Shift.
Nhb.1 In a colliery the first period for working is called the
fore-shift, and the next the back-shift, and the hewers are simi-
larly called . . . according to their rotation in starting work (s. v.
Shift). Nhb. & Dur. The backshift commences about four hours after
the pit begins to draw coals, GREENWELL Coa/ Tr. Gl. (1849); When
a colliery is worked by two sets of hewers, each working for eight
hours, one set following the other, the first set is called the
fore-shift and the second the back-shift, ib. (ed. 1888) s.v. Shift.
BACK-SHORE, sb. Lin. A piece of ground on the
unscreened side of a decoy pipe, left for the birds to
lodge on.
Lin. MILLER & SKERTCHLY Fenland (1878) xii.
BACK-SHOW, sb. Lon. A peep-show carried on the
back.
Lon. MAYHEW Land. Labour (1864) III. 96.
Hence Back-showman, sb. a man who carries a peep-
show on his back.
Lon. On their first coming out, the oldest back-showman as
I know on told me they could take 155. a day, MAYHEW Land.
Labour (1864) III. i.
BACKSIDE, sb., rarely pi. Sc. Irel. and all the n.
counties to Chs. Stf. Der. Not. Lin. Also in Lei. Nhp.
War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Brks. Mid. Ken. Sur. Hmp.
I.W. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. [bak-, bark-said, -soid.]
1. The rear or hinder part ; the side of an object which
is farthest from the speaker.
Ayr. The hedge along the back side of Thomas Thorl's yard,
GALT Ann. Par. (1821) ii ; Backside, the more private entrances
into a town by the back of it. The Provost had privately returned
from Eglington Castle by the Gallows-knowes to the backsides,
Gilhaiee, II. 173 (JAM.). Rnf. Backside, all the ground between
a town on the sea-coast and the sea (ib. ). Nhb.1 The backside of
a church is the n. side. Burials formerly were only made on the
& side. [The backside of a churchyard, the side farthest from the
town or village, N. &• Q. (1850) ist S. ii. 93.] Chs.1 The backside
of a hedge ; Chs.3 Stf.2 The'll foind that brindled cow o' thoine at
th' backsoide o' the wood. Lin. I haue a certaine parlor in the
backside, in the furthermost part of my house, BERNARD Terence
(1639)233. n.Lin.1 The street in Winterton, to which the name of
'East Street' has now been given, was previously called 'Mr.
backside," from the name of the principal inhabitant Also
applied to land behind a house running down to a back-lane
or street. To impound all swine and other catel that shall be found
trespassing in the . . . back-sides belonging to the towne, Manor
Rec.(^i8)inSTARK.ffis(.Gainsburgli,s3T. War. (J.R.W.); War.3
You may fish on the back side of the mill [the ' pound' or water
of the mill stream above the mill]. Hrf.1 [A porter at a
London terminus told me I should find [a suburban branch line]
at the backside of the station. I did find it so situated -literally
at the side of the back of the larger station, JV. & Q. (1890) 7th
S. ix. 95.]
2. The back premises of a house or building; freq.
applied to a curtilage, back-yard, farm-yard, or the garden
or fields adjoining.
Rxb. (JAM.) Ker. You shouldn't have brought him [a strange
BACK-SPAIVER
["9]
BACKSTAY
visitor] in through our backside (A.S.P.). N.Cy.1 Nicholas Ward,
unfortunately smoor'd to death, in sinking for a draw well in his
father's backside, roth Feb. 1716, SHARP Chronuon Mirabile. Nhb.
As up Jenny's backside we were bangin, Kix Geordy, How !
where are ye gannin ? N. Minstrel (1806-^ pt. iv. 76; Nhb.1 Billy
Purvis used to invite the crowd from his front stage to enter his
show, adding, * Them 'at dissent like to waak ower the stage can
come in bi Billy's backside.' Dur.* Cum. The witch weyfe begged
in our backseyde, ANDERSON Ballads (1805) 84, ed. 1815 ; Obsol.
(M.P.) Wm. & Cum.1 Yea Sunday mworn, i' Bell' backseyde, 196.
ne.Yks.1 Wa've gitten wer back-sahds fettled up, an' they leeak
weel noo. w.Yks.23 Lan.1 He used t'sit smookin' of a neet
at th' backside, among his bits o' posies. ne.Lan.1 Chs.1 In
the nw. district backside is a very frequent name for the field
which is nearest to the back of the farm buildings. Stf.1 ; Stf.2
Wheers th' missis?— 'Ers at th' backside fedin th'pigs; mun oi
fatch 'er? Der.12, nw.Der.1 n.Lin.1 You'll find the tool o' th'
backside, nigh-hand th' swill-tub. Lei.1 Homestead, orchard,
garden, yard, and backside thereto adjoining and belonging.
Nhp.1 Phanaticks, who having forsaken the Church would not
be buried in the Church yard, but in their orchards or backside of y1'
houses, Bugbrook Prsh. Register (1668) in BAKER Hist. Nhp. I. 128 ;
Nhp.2, War. (J.R.W.), s.Wor.1, se.Wor.1 Shr.'Thelan'lord toud me
as I should 'ave some 'en-pens put at the backside ; Shr.2 Hers gwon
o' the backside, her'l be back anon. Hrf.1 He went out at the
backside now just. Glo.12, Brks.1 e. & s.Cy. RAY (1691) MS. add.
[s.v. Curtilage]. Ken. Backside often occurs in old conveyances, and
it might still be used in a legal document conveying a property
where it was desired to follow the old parcels, esp. in the case of
copyhold land, where the description on the Court Rolls is always
followed with superstitious awe (P.M.); Ken.12, Hmp.1 I.W.
(J.D.R.); I.W.1; I.W.2 To ax you if you'd lett'n putt hes
keert into your backside [farmyard] till to-morrow mornen. Wil.
Barken is commonly used for a yard or backside, KENNETT Par.
Antiq. (1695) s.v. Barken; Wil.1 n.sai. Obsol. Dor. (N.B.);
BARNES Gl. (1863). w.Cy. GROSE (1790). Som. JENNINGS Obs.
Dial. w.Eng. (1825). Dev.3 Dev. & Cor. You will find the ladder
in my backside, Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 423. Cor.1 s.v. Backlet;
Cor.2 [LISLE Husbandry (1757).]
3. The posteriors, buttocks.
w.Yks. When a bear gets o'er a wall, he awlis gets dahn we his
backsoide first, BYWATER Shevvild Ann. (1851) 4. Stf.2 Not.2 I'll
kick thi backside. n.Lin.1 n.Wil. (E.H.G.)
4. The under or reverse side of anything.
ne-Yks.1
5. The close of the year ; cf. backend, 1.
Chs.8 The backside of the year.
6. In mining: the side of the shaft where the empty
tubs are put in, or taken out, of the cage.
Nhb. & Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1849) ed. 1888.
7. In phr. backside first, backsides front, hind-part foremost,
hind-before.
n.Yks. (I.W.) Sur. I'd turn the house backsides front furst,
BICKLEY Midst Sur. Hills (1890) II. i.
[1. He'had him about to the back side of the wall,
BUNYAN P.P. (1678) 26 ; Estaitn de glace [a kind of tin],
used in the tinning of the back-sides of looking-glasses,
COTGR.; He led the flock to the backside of the desert,
BIBLE Ex. iii. i ; On the backe side of their campes, pone
castra, BARET (1580). 2. Backside, the back yard belonging
to an house, ASH (1795) ; A back-side or yard, cortis
posiica, COLES (1679) ; His fare is plain and common . . .
if he addes anything for a great day . . . his garden or
orchard supplyes it, or his barne and back-side, HERBERT
Priest (1652) 44; How, in my back-side! where?...
Rachel ! thieves ! thieves ! B. JONSON Case is Altered
(c. 1598) iv. iv ; The backside of the house was neither
field, garden, nor orchard, SIDNEY Arcadia (1580) ed.
Friswell, 16. 3. A poor ant . . . with her head down-
wards and her backside upwards, ADDISON Guardian
(1713) No. 156 ; (The lynx) turneth the backside forwarde,
BARET (1580).]
BACK-SPAIVER, see Back -spare.
BACKSPAN, sb. ? Obs. Lan. [ba'kspan.] A baking
plate for oat bread.
ne.Lan.1 [Not known to our correspondents.]
BACKSPANG, sb. Sc. Irel. (Wkspar).]
1. An underhand trick, esp. a retreat from a bargain. Cf.
back-bargain.
Sc. Backspang, a trick by which one takes the advantage of
another, after the latter had supposed everything in a bargain or
settlement to be finally adjusted (JAM.). n.Ir. In common use
(J.S.); N.I.1 He's a decent man, there's no back spangs about him.
Ant. Bally mena Obs. (1892).
2. A reverse, recoil ; cf. backset, 1.
Wgt. Back-spang has a stronger meaning than backset (A.W.).
[Back, adv. + spang (sb.), q.v.]
BACK-SPARE, sb. Obs. Sc. Also -spaiver Abd. Of
breeches : the cleft, or opening.
Sc. (JAM.) Abd., Per. Back-spares and front-spares are not now
used in making trousers (G.W.).
[Back, adj. + spare (an opening), q.v.]
BACK-SPAULD, sb. Sc. Also written -spaul.
[ba'k-spald.]
1. The back part of the shoulder.
Or.I. I did feel a rheumatize in my backspauld yestreen, SCOTT
Pirate (1822) vii.
2. The ' hind-leg.'
Sc. If sae mickle as a collier or a salter make a moonlight flitting,
ye will cleek him by the back-spaul in a minute, SCOTT Redg.
(1824) vii. Per. Back-spaul of cattle (G.W.).
[Back, adj. + spauld (sb.), q.v.]
BACK-SPEIR, v. Sc. Also written back-speer.
[ba'k-spiar.]
1. To inquire into a report, by tracing it as far back as
possible (JAM.).
2. To cross-question, cross-examine.
Sc. To examine a witness with a retrospective view to his former
evidence (JAM.) ; She so speers and backspeers me when I come
home . . . that I darena look . . . lest a bird of the air should carry
the tidings to her, WHITEHEAD Daft Davie (1876) 13, ed. 1894.
Bnff. Tell him fan he speirs at you again, that an umman is com-
posed o' twa hunner an' forty-three bones. . . . Faith, ye'Il bleck
[beat, puzzle] the minister — tell him to backspeer ye there (G. W.).
Per. (»4.) Frf. I winna be back-speired, RAMSAY Remin. ( 1872) 117.
Hence Backspearer, sb. (JAM.) ? Obs. A cross-
examiner.
[Back, adv. + speir (vb.), q.v.]
BACK-SPITTLE, sb. Lan. Der. Also in form back-
sprittle Der.2 [ba'k-spitl.] A wooden shovel or board
used in baking oatcake. See also Baking-spittle.
Lan. In common use (S. W.) ; An owd oak back-spittle he slung
by his side, BRIERLEY Marlocks (1867) iv; Lan.1 s.v. Bakin'-
spittle. Der. 1746. Goods in ye Workhouse ... a Backsprittle,
Youlgreave Overseers' Ace., Cox Churches (1877) II. 343 ; Der.2
[Back ( = bake in comp. ; cp. backhouse, sb.2, backstone) +
spittle, q.v.]
BACKSPRENT, sb. Sc. [ba'k-sprent]
1. The backbone, ' in allusion to the elastic power of the
spine.'
Sc. Learn to forbear To curse and swear By your backsprent,
DRUMMOND Muckomachy (1846) 35. Slk. An tou'lt worstle a fa'
wi' I, tou sal ken what chaunce tou hess, for I hae found the back-
sprents o' the maist part of a' the wooers she has, HOGG IVint.
Ev. Tales (1820) I. 272 (JAM.).
2. A spring or catch (JAM.).
Sc. Backsprent, the spring of a reel for winding yarn, which
rises as the reel goes round, and gives a check in falling, to direct
the person employed in reeling to distinguish the quantity by the
regulated knots. The spring or catch which enters the lock of
a chest. The spring in the back of a clasp-knife.
[Back, adv. + sprent (a spring, leap), q.v.]
BACK-SPRITTLE, see Back-spittle.
BACK-STALK, 56. e.An. [bavk-st^k.] The back
of a low hearth. See Back-stock.
e-An.1
[Back, adj. + stalk, q.v.]
BACKSTAN(E, see Backstone.
BACKSTAY, sb.1 Ken. Sus. [bavkste.]
1. A flat piece of wood attached to the foot by a strap,
used in walking over shingle. See Backster, so.2
Ken. They slip their food into a leather thong attached to a piece
of wood shaped something like a snow-shoe, and glide over the
shingle, Time (Mar. 1889) 257 ; (F.E.) ; Ken.1 The flat piece of
wood put on the feet in the manner of a snow-shoe, and used by
the inhabitants of Romney Marsh to cross the shingle at Dunge-
ness. Sus.1
BACKSTAY
[120 1
BACK-SWIMMER
2. A stake driven in to support a raddle, or stick fence.
Ken. (P.M.); Ken.1
BACKSTAY, sb2 Yks. [ba-kstes.] An iron bar,
with forked end, attached to the back of a mining car, or
' corf,' when ascending an incline, for the purpose t
stopping the car, in case of breakage of the hauling rope
or other accident. Cf. drag.
w.Yks. (S.J.C.); (B.K.); The backstay is sometimes called
a ' drag ' or ' dog* ; also a ' deevil ' [devil] or ' coo ' [cow] in Nhb.
and Dur. (S.K.C.)
[Back, adv. -f stay (to stop, restrain).]
BACKSTER, sb.1 Obsol. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Der.
Also written bakster n.Cy. n.Yks.1 Lan.1 Der.2 ; baxter
Nhb.1 n.Yks.1 (K.) A baker ; also occas. a female baker.
See also Bakester. ,
Sc. One of the attendants, in appearance a baxter, i. e. a baker s
lad, handed her out of her chair, SCOTT Midlothian (1818) vi. Note.
Abd. He who kneads is called the Bakster (JAM.). n.Cy.(K.) ;
GROSE (i 790) ; N.Cy.12 Nhb. Becoming rare now. Bread baking
is mostly, and until recently it might have been said entirely, in
the hands of females (R.O.H.); Nhb.1 n.Yks.1 e.Yks. Obs.
(R.S.) Lan.1 Der.2 A female baker.
[Baxter (obsolete), a baker, ASH (i?95); Backster, a
baker, BAILEY (1721) ; A baxter, pistor, COLES (1679) ; A
bakster, artocopus, pistor, pistrix, Cath. Angl. ; Brewe-
steres and bakesteres, bocheres and cokes, P. Plowman
(B.) HI. 79. OE. bcecestre, baker (female or male).]
BACKSTER, sb.2 Ken. Sus. [bae'ksta(r).] A flat
piece of wood attached to the foot by a strap, used in
walking over shingle. See Backstay.
Ken. Similar things are used in Hmp. for walking on the sort
mud deposited in harbours by the sea, and are there called mud-
pattens, HOLLOWAY ; Ken.1, Sus.2
BACK -STICK, sb.1 Cum. [ba'k-stik.] The rod con-
necting the footboard of the spinning-wheel with the
crank.
Cum. (M.P.) ; Cum.1
BACK-STICK, sb.2 Obs. Som. Single-stick; cf.
backsword.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
BACKSTITCHING, vbl. sb. e.An. Also backsticking.
[bae-kstitfin, bae'kstikin.] A process of ploughing in.
e.An.1 In backsticking, the earth having been previously
turned is turned back again. e.Nrf. Backsticking is fairly common
here (H.C.-H.).
[Back, adv. + stitching, der. of stetch (sb.), q.v.]
BACK-STOCK, sb. Cmb. Suf. [bae'k-stok.] The
back of a low hearth or open fireplace. See Back-stalk.
Cmb.1 Your hands wus washed only half-an-hour ago, and now
they're as black as the back-stock. Snf. This word, for the
ordinary hearth-back, is used here by everybody. A back-stock
is the iron plate at the back of a fire-place or grate, or a shelf at
the back of a low fire-place ; also the iron plate, in a blacksmith's
forge, through a hole in the middle of which the wind to blow the
fire comes from the bellows (F.H.) ; (P.H.E.)
[Buche de bois, a log, back stock, or great billet, COTGR.
Back, adj. + stock (sb.), q.v.]
BACKSTONE, sb.1 Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf. Der. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. Also Dev.? Also
written backston e.Yks. w.Yks. Lan. nw.Der.1 ; backstun
w.Yks. Chs.1 War. ; backstan Wm.1 w.Yks. ; backstane
n.Yks.3; bakstone Nhb.1 n.Yks.1 m.Yks.1 w.Yks.234
e.Lan.1 Der.2 ; bakston n.Yks.2 Lan.1 n.Lin.1 ; bakstun
w.Yks. ; bakstan n.Yks.1 ne.Yks.1 w.Yks.5 ; baxstone
War.1 ; baxtone War.3 ; baxton n.Yks.2 w.Yks. ; baxtan
w.Yks.; bakestone w.Yks.1 War.2 Shr.1 [ba'kstan,
bae-kstan.]
1. A flat piece of iron or stone, generally with a handle
over the top, upon which oat-cakes, &c., are baked. It
was formerly made of stone or slate, but is now mostly
made of iron. Cf. girdle.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Cum.1 Wm. (J.M.) ; Kirn,
beeat t'backstan, peel tales, Spec. Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 34 ; Wm.1
Yks. (K.) n.Yks.1; n.Yks.2 As nimble as a cat on a heeat bakston;
referring, doubtless, to the practice of training animals to dance by
placing them on heated iron ; n.Yks.3 ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. MARSHALL
Rur Econ (1788). m.Yks.1 w.Yks. (S.K.C.) ; The annancement
spread like butter on a boat baxtan, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Batrnsla
Ann (1875) 33 ; Mi throit's as dry as a baxton, HARTLEY Budget
(1871) OS" Bob went as flat as a backston, Sattnterers Satchel
:i88i) 27- Tha'rt like a worm on a whut back-stun, HARTLEY
Paris 42 • w Yks.1234; w.Yks.5 ' Baxstones ' used to be brought
about' tor' sale, the mode of conveyance generally by panniered
donkeys the men-drivers making the still street resound to their
sonorous cry of ' Baxston's ! ' Lan. We'st ha' to look as wakken
as a cat on a wot backstone, BRIERLEY Marlocks (1867) vn ; Jone
was one day ... turning over the cakes ... and occasionally
flaking the back-stones with the finely spread patches of meal
dough, ib. Cast upon World (1886) 130 ; At th' top o' Rooly Moor,
where o's as bare as a bak-stone for five mile round, WAUGH
Chimn. Comer (1874) 108 ; Lan.1, e.Lan.1, Chs.1, s.Chs.1 Stf.1 A
plate of iron with a handle on which ' pikelets are baked ; Stf.2
baked on her own bakston, STREATFIELD Lin. and Danes, 264.
n.Lln.1, Lei.1, Nhp.1, War. (J.R.W.), War.123 Shr. ELLIS Mod.
Hush. (1750) III. i ; Shr.1 Obsol. The bakestone is still occasionally
seen 'in old houses. Patch the bak' stwun an' I'll mak' tuthree
barley crumpits, for the maister nor me canna ate that bread;
Shr.2 Used for baking oat-cakes and ' pikelets.' Dev. The oats,
oh the oats, and the silver, silver oats ! Here's to the oats with
the backstone on the board ! BLACKMORE Lorna Dootte (1869) xxix.
2. Comp. Backstone-cake.
w.Yks. Backston cakes are kneaded with wheaten flour, salt,
and water only, and baked in the frying pan in bacon dripping.
They are always eaten hot, because they become very tough when
cold. They are not the same as ' hawer-cake,' which is baked
on a backstone (M. F.) ; Round Sheffield these are small cakes
baked on the backstone after the oat-cakes (S.O.A.) ; Sometimes
the cake is placed on the bottom of the oven and baked. Its chief
features are, the readiness with which it can be prepared, its sweet-
ness, and toughness (B.K.).
3. The iron plate on which a ' printer ' (q.v.) in the
pottery works mixes his colours.
Stf.2
[Back (=bake, in comp. ; cp. backhouse, sb.2, back-spittle)
+ stone.]
BACKSTONE, sb.2 Irel. A stone placed at the back
of a turf fire, between the fire and the gable.
N.I.1 The backstone is not less than two feet high, a foot and
a half broad, and one foot thick.
[Back, adv. + stone.]
BACK-STONING, sb. Nhp. A mode of ploughing in
which the earth, having been previously turned, is turned
back again. Cf. back-striking.
Nhp.1
BACKSTRAP, v. and sb. Cor.
1. v. To hitch in wrestling.
Cor. An' cud backstrap tha in a moment, DANIELL Tales, 35.
2. sb.
Cor.3 A fall given in wrestling by catching a man on any par
of his body, at the same time throwing your ' near ' (or most for-
ward) leg behind his ' off' (or most rearward) leg and pressing him
backwards.
BACKSTRIKING,s6. e.An. [bae'kstraikin.] A mode
of ploughing, in which the earth, having been previously
turned, is turned again.
Nrf.1 Suf. RAINBIRD Agric. ( 1819) 287, ed. 1849 ; Still used in
this sense (F.H.) ; Suf.1 Suf., Ess. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
BACK-SUNNED, adj. Dor. Som. Also in the forms
backsunded Dor. Som. ; -zunded, -sundered Dor.
[bae-k-zBnd, bffi'k-zBndad.] Having a northern aspect,
shady.
Dor. Gl. (1851). se.Dor. This house is all back-zunder'd (C.W.) ;
Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863) s.v. Zun. Som. (G.E.D.); W. & J. Gl.
(1873). w.Som.1 'Cold back-zunded field o' ground' is a very
common description. Thick 'ouse is back-zunded, he ont suit me
in no price.
BACK-SWIMMER, sb. Sus. A water insect, Noionecla
glauca. Also called Boatman.
Sus. Boatmen or backswimmers are rowing themselves about by
their long hind legs, Gent. Mag. (May 1890) 463.
[Back, adv. + swimmer.]
BACKSWORD
[MI]
BACKWARDS
BACKSWORD, sb. Obs. or obsol. Wor. Brks. Hmp.
Wil. Som. Also written backswyrd Brks. ; -zwoord
Som. The game of single-stick, in which one hand was
held behind the back, and the other held the heavy stick.
Wor. Despert mon to plahy at baack-sword, or at baack-sword
plahyin (H.K.). se.Wor.1 Brks. At backswyrd break each other's
yead, HUGHES Scour. White Horse (1859) vi. Hmp.1 Not very
general in Hants. Wil.1 Obs. , the game being only remembered
by the very old men ; Wil.2 Som. The roughest form of single-
stick is still remembered in many Somerset villages, notably
Wedmore, though I think it has fallen into desuetude. One hand
was held behind the back, and the other, swathed with fustian or
hide, held the basket-guarded stick, and with the exclamation
'God save 'ur eyes ' they laid on in fine style (W.P.W.) ; Two
sticks were used, one as guard, the other as an offensive weapon,
with baskets or without (G.S.) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873).
[Backsword, a sword with one sharp edge, ASH (1795) ;
A back-sword. Machaera, COLES (1679) ; I knew him
a good back-sword-man, SHAKS. z Hen. IV, in. ii. 70.
Back, sb. + sword.]
BACKSWORDING, vbl. sb. Obsol. Wor. Brks. The
act of fencing with single-sticks. See Backsword.
Wor. The practice of backswording has ceased with the cessa-
tion of the wake years ago. Dahyvid Staight, 'e as worked for
Mr. Whitaker, 'e wuz a despert mon fur baack-swordin. 'E'd
come an' cry the 'at, an sahy. who'll plahy at baack-swordin' fur a
'at? (H.K.) Brks. Backswording and wrestling were the most
serious holiday pursuits of the Vale. . . . The great times for back-
swording came round once a year in each village, at the feast,
HUGHES T. Brown (1856) ii ; A bout at backswording (M.J.B.) ;
Brks.1 Back soordin is still kept up here and in the counties west-
ward.
BACKSYFORE, advb. and adj. phr. Shr. Dev. Cor.
Also written backsyvore nw.Dev.1 ; backsevore Dev.1 ;
backseevawr, backsivore Dev. ; backysyfore Cor.1
[b8B'ksifua(r), bae-ksivua(r).]
1. advb. phr. The wrong side first, hind-before ; the
contrary way.
Shr.1 Dev. Aw yu stupid cheel, theest a-put thee apporn on back-
sivore, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) ; Dev.1 Thee hast a' put on thy
hat backsivore, 20. n.Dev. Rab was made backsevore, ROCK Jim
an' Nell (1867), st. 85. nw.Dev.1 Cor. Wemmen be oogly things
ef you rub em backsyfore, Tim. Towser, 147; Cor.12
2. adj. phr. Hind-part foremost ; fig. clumsy, awkward.
nw.Dev.1 He's the moas' backsyvore zoart o' chap I iwer zeed.
A cruel backsyvore job he'th a-made o't.
[Backside + fore.]
BACKSYFOREMOST, advb. phr. Dev. Hind-before.
See Backsyfore.
Dev. Turned backsyforemost, BARING-GOULD J. Heriing (1888)
240 ; Dev.3
[Backside +foremosl.]
BACKSYFORSY, advb. and adj. phr. Dev. Cor. Also
written back-see-fore-see Dev.
1. adv. Hind-before. See Backsyfore.
Cor."
2. adj. The backsyforsy side, the back view.
Dev. The road we are now upon leads us to what the Devonians
call the Back-see-fore-see side of Vixen Tor, BRAY Desc. Tamar
and Tavy (1836) III. 278.
[Backside +foreside.]
BACKTENT, v. Lan. [ba'ktent.] ,To attend to
the ' roving' or ' intermediate ' frames in the card-room of
a cotton-spinning mill.
Lan. A girl stands at the back of the frames to take off the full
bobbins, replace empty ones, or do other things necessary to keep
the frames going (S.W.). ne.Lan. That lass o' mine that back-
tents for yo', MATHER Idylls (1895) 187.
Hence Back-tenter, sb. a girl employed to ' back-tent '
in a card-room.
Lan. ' Lasses' are invariably employed as back-tenters (S.W.).
[Back, sb.-f tent (to attend to), q.v.]
BACKTURNED, adv. Sur. Sus. [bse'ktand.]
Standing with back turned towards anything.
Sur.1 He was backturned when I saw him. Sus. Harry was
back-turned while dis was a gooin on, LOWER S. Downs (1854)
160 ; Sus.1
VOL. I.
BACK UP, v., prop. phr. Nhb. Chs. Lin. War. Oxf.
[ba'k up, bas'k Bp.]
1. To stand by, uphold or support one's friend or party
or opinion.
Nhb.1 If ye'll just gan on, noo, we'll back ye up. n.Lin.1 If thaay
summon yg up to Winterton, I'll go an back yd up. Oxf.1 Hmp.1
ADAMS Wykehamica (1878) 416.
Hence Backed up, pp. in good circumstances ; Backing
up, vbl. sb. encouragement, support.
Chs.1 He's rarely backed up, he is. War. (J.R.WVi n.Lin.1
He duzn't want noa backin' up at all ; his caase is as clear as
daayleet.
2. To subscribe to.
Nhb.1 We've caaled to see if ye'll back up the list.
3. To repair the cop or ' back ' of a hedge with fresh
soil dug from the ditch.
Chs.1, War. (J.R.W.)
4. To call out, shout.
Slang. A junior would be sent to ' back up ' for college porter
at hours when there was no access to the lodge, Winchester Sc/i.
(L.L.S.) ; To back up names calling, ib. <E.F.)
BACK-US, see Backhouse.
BACKWARD, adj. and adv. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Not.
Nhp. War. Shr. Oxf. Written back'ard, backert,
backud. See below, [ba'ksd, ba'kat, bavkad.]
1. adj. Unwilling, reluctant ; shy, diffident ; slow.
w.Yks. Still he felt back'ard te propooas His visit should be
endin, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1889) 28. eXan.1 Stf.2 Our Mary's
rather a backert wench, er hadna onythin to see [say] fur 'ersen.
That chap's very backert at his work, mayhappen e's fresh to't.
s.Not. P'raps yer was too backard. and p'raps too forrard, PRIOR
Rente (1895) 221.
Hence Backartly, adv. in a backward or reluctant
manner.
Lan. I never threw th' sponge up moore backartly. I con tell
thee, BRIERLEY Ab-o'lh-Yate Yaakeeland (1885) iv.
2. Of the seasons, vegetation, &c. : behindhand, late.
e.Yks.1 Oor taties is very backad this year. Chs.1 A backard
spring. Not.1 Lei.1 Last year wur a back'ard year, but this is
a back'arder. It's the back'ardest ever I see. Nhp.1 It's a very
backerd spring. War.2 A backud season ; War.3 Oxf.1 My pays
[peas] be backard, MS. add.
3. Belonging to the past, old-fashioned, ancient.
s.Chs.1 A gentleman who was fond of antiquarian research was
described as ' u ter-ubl mon fur rbo-tin aaf'tur au- ky'eynd u baak'-
wurd stiif ' [a terrible mon for rootin' after aw keind o' backward
stuff].
4. adv. In compar. degree : farther behind, more to the
rear.
Stf.2 Shove that cart a bit backeter and then oi can get through
with this 'oss. Nhp.1 Stand a bit backerder, will you. War. A
widow on being condoled with on the death of her husband
intimated that her state was not without its consolations ; there was
no one now to say ' sit back'arder ' as she warmed herself by the
Hre (M.D.H.) ; War.2 Shift the chair backuder. Shr.1 Shift that
lung table backerter ; Shr.2 Goa a bit backerter, wool 'e ?
6. (i) Backward road, backwards ; (2) backward road OH,
with the order inverted, backwards; cf. backwards
road on.
Lan. I've been running back'erd road, WESTALL Birch Dene (1889)
I. 258. nw.Der.1 (a) Lan. Bukes printud ut reyd'n backurt rode
on, so ut yo han to begin ut th' end, SCHOLES Tim Gamwatile
(1857)9.
[1. Backward, unwilling, slow, sluggish, ASH (1795) ;
Perish the man, whose mind is backward now, SHAKS.
Hen. V, iv. iii. 72. 2. The yeare will proue backward,
SURFL. & MARKH. Counlr. Farm (1616) 28 (N.E.D.).]
BACKWARDING, prp. and vbl. sb. Chs. [ba'kadin.]
1. prp. Relapsing into sickness.
Chs.1 Ah ! poor thing, oo's backarding ; it'll soon be aw up wi'
her.
2. vbl. sb. A change from joy to mourning.
Chs.1 ; Chs.3 ' There is always a bacarding ' [said when for
instance, a child dies after the rejoicings on its being christened].
BACKWARDS, adv. Yks. Lan. Stf. Lin. Lei. War.
Shr. Hrf. [ba'kadz, ba'kats, bae'kadz.]
1. Behindhand.
Shr.2 Backerts in his work.
BACKWARN
[122]
BACON
2. Awkward, clumsy.
Stf.2 Oi anner used to this job, Oi feyl a' backerts at it.
3. In phr. (i ) backwards oiver, backwards ; (2) backwards
and forwards'; (3) backerts road on, (4) backwards way,
(5) backards way aboot, (6) backwards way on, backwards
ways on, (7) backwards way over, backwards ways over,
backwards.
(i) n.Yks. He fell backwards ower (I.W.). (2) Hrf.1 Backwards
and forwards, not a word further, there's an end of the matter.
(3) Shr.1 Backerts road on, wrong way before. (4) w.Yks.
Backerds way, BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865). neXan.1, Lei.1, War.3
(5) w.Yks. (B.K.) (6) e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks. (B.K.)
n-Lin.1 Th' bairn get's noa good at school, he's goin' back'erds-
waays-on. (7) w.Yks.1 To fall backards-way ou'r. n-Lin.1 He
tum'l'd back'erds-waays-oher doon th' graain'ry steps.
BACKWARN, v. Wor. To put off, countermand.
s.Wor. (H. K.) ; s.Wor.1 An old parish clerk would say, ' They've
a-put off that 'ere funeral, and I must be to backwarn the
parson,' 35.
[Back, adv. + warn.]
BACK-WASH, v. and sb. Yks. [ba'k-wej.]
1. v. In wool-combing : to cleanse wool from oil after
carding.
w.Yks. The common term round Bradford (J.W.).
Hence (i) Back-washer, sb. the worker who attends
to the back-wash ; (2) -washing, vbl. sb. the process of
re-washing the wool after carding.
w.Yks. (i) (S.A.B.) (a) (S.K.C.) ; (E.G.)
2. sb. A machine used in ' back-washing.'
w.Yks. A backwash is a machine for straightening the fibre of
the wool and taking out the lumps. The wool is passed through
two bowls of hot water, then through a variable number of cylin-
ders, and then through a set of fallers,— long pins, whose prongs
are graduated from coarse to fine VS.A. li.).
[Backwashed (with woolcombers), cleaned from the oil
after combing, ASH (1795).]
BACK- WATCH, sb. Yks. A reserve fund put by
against an emergency. Cf. backset.
n.Yks. (I.W.) m.Yks.1 There's nought-but poor addlings now-
a-days, but somewhat must be laid by for a backwatch.
[Back, adv. + watch (a keeping, guarding).]
BACKWATER, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lin.
Nhp. Shr. Ess. Also written backwatter Nhb.1 [ba'k-,
bse'k-, -wata(r), -wota(r), -wata(r).]
1. The overflow of a mill-race, which, if not carried off,
impedes the revolution of the mill-wheel.
Sc. When the water in a mill-race is gorged up by ice, or by
the swelling of the river below, so that it cannot get away from
the mill, it is called the backwater QAM.). Per. If there is not a
sufficient fa' below the mill-wheel, the water in which it turns is
called the back-water (G.W.). Nhb.1 w.Yks. The opposite term
[to backwater] is slackwater. which describes the effect of a de-
ficiency, Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.1, n.Lin.1 Nhp.1 The back-water is
carried off by a sluice. Shr.2
Hence Back-watered, pp.
Cum.1 Wm. A mill-wheel that is choked by the race getting
flooded is said to be back-wattered (B.K.).
2. The water near the side of a river, which, when the
current is strong, flows the contrary way to the stream.
n-Lin.1
3. A stream from the sea.
Ess.1
4. The ebb of the tide.
nJLin.1
5. The still or dead water that rises in a field during a
river flood.
Nhb.1
6. To cause the eyes to stand backwater in one's head, to do
one's utmost.
Bnff.1 A'll baud till 'im till's een stan' back-wattir in's hehd [he
is unable to get the better of me].
BACKWAY, sb. Yks. Ken. [ba-k-wea, bark-we.]
1. The yard or space at the back of a cottage.
Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1
2. Fig. in phr. to go the backway, to decline, fall off after
coming to perfection.
w.Yks. When this month [September] gets turned, things'll
begin o' gooin' th' back-way, HARTLEY Ditt. (c. 1873) 109.
BACKWAY, adv. Yks. Lan. Also backways w.Yks.
[ba'k-we, ba'k-wea.]
1. Wrongly, awkwardly ; in a manner opposed to the
proper mode of procedure ; also in phr. backway-on.
w.Yks. He ollus does things backway (M. F.). e.Lan.1 Backway-
on. tail first.
2. In phr. backivays on, backwards, hind-before.
w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. ; (B.K.)
BACK-WIDDIE, sb. Sc. Also back-woodie (JAM.).
[ba'k-widi.| The chain which goes over the cart-saddle
and is attached to the shafts. See Back-band. Cf. rig-
woodie.
n.Sc. (JAM.) Nai. The backwoodie was made originally of
plaited withies, Gl. Stirv. iib.) Bnff.1 Backbin' is the same as back-
widdie [s.v. Backbin']. Abd. Occas. heard, but the usual name is the
back-chain (G.W.).
[Back, sb. + widdie, see Withy.]
BACK-WORD, sb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Oxf. Ken.
[ba-k-, bae-k-wad.]
1. A withdrawal from an engagement ; a countermand.
Cum. (M.P.) ; Cum.1 They ax't us to t'tea yaa day, and then
they sent us back-word. w.Yks. In consequence of her death, I
was obliged to give a party who were to have dined with me
backword [put them off], HAMILTON NiigaeLit. (1841) 357 ; Nivver
a wun . . . sent backwurd, like wot a menny foaks ar i't habbit
a doin', TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1866) 39 ; Brother S.
had better give his sperit backword, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1871)
32 ; Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.8 ne-Lan.1 Chs.1 We were to have gone
to-day, but they sent us back-word. s.Chs.1 Used in same sense
as back-orders. Oxf.1 I sent a back word to mother. Ken. I
'greed ter goo an I thought better an it an gfin [give] back-word
(H.M.) ; (P.M.) ; 'Greed ter goo an den give back-word (W.G.P.).
2. A contention, retort, reply.
Cum. Whietly Kit bore her clatter, Nca backwurd he'd gien
her, GILPIN Ballads (1874 j 92 ; Ah kent reel weel it wasn't a crum
eh use givan them enny back-wurds, SARGISSON Joe Scoaf ;i88i)
9 ; It was the first time he had ever given his mother a back-
word, LINTON Silken Thread (1880) 276.
[Back, adv. + word.}
BACKY, sb. In gen. dial, and colloq. use. Also
written bacca, baccer, backer, bacco. [ba'ka, bavki.]
1. Tobacco.
Nhb. If he's drinking gills o' yell, or axing pennies ti buy bakky,
OLIVER Local Sags. (1824) 8. Cum.3 An' t'bacca — I's up-ho'd the'
nut to forgit that, 19. w.Yks.1 m.Lan.1 Wodever wod a werkin'
mon do beawt his pipe o' bacca ov a neet ? Chs.3, Der.2, nw.Der.1,
Nhp.1, War. (J.R.W.) Wor. I have me bit o' bacca as I comes
home(H.K.). Hrf.1 Brks.Yourbacchy'sjiearlyout,Dick,HuGHEs
Scour. White Horse (1859) i. Hnt. (T.P.F.) Sns. He would buy
four ounces of baccer and sit on the 'mixen' and smoke it out,
EGERTON Flks. and Ways (1884) 15. Wil. The young uns thay did
dance and zing, The woold uns blow'd their baccy, SLOW Rhymes
(1889) 99 ; ib. Gl. (1892). Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w£ng.
(1825). Colloq. I'll take my bit o backer, DICKENS Dombey (1848)
xxxviii.
2. Comp. Backy-shop.
Colloq. I asked the gentleman at the baccer-shop, MAYHEW
Land. Labour (1864) II. 490.
3. Fig. Nonsense. Cf. smoker.
Nhb. ' It's aal baccy,' the local equivalent of ' It's all my eye '
(R.O.H.); Nhb.1
BACK-YET(T, sb. Sc. [ba'k-yet.] A gate leading
to the back of the house.
Sc. In common use. The herd-loon and the orra man dreev the
kye in at the back-yet (W.G.). Ayr. Come na unless the back-yett
be a-jee, BURNS Whistle and Fll come to you; The back-yett that
opened into the manse-garden, GALT Ann. Parish (1821) Inlrod.
BACON, sb. Van dial, uses in Irel. and Eng. [be'kan,
bea'kan.]
1. A quarryman's name for layers of fibrous carbonate
of lime.
Dor. DAMONS Geol. Weymouth (1864) 106.
2. (i) To make, pull, bacon, to make a derisive gesture,
' take a sight,' put the thumb to the nose and spread out
the fingers ; (2) to save one's bacon, to come off without
injury, save oneself from harm ; (3) to strike bacon, to
cut a mark in the ice in sliding ; cf. to strike a candle.
(i) NJ.1 He made bacon at me ; the remark that accompanies
BACON
[123]
BAD
gesture is ' Could you eat bacon that fat ! ' w.Yks. The
officers spoke to him. when he put his fingers to his nose and
pulled bacon at them. N. & Q. (1887; 7th S. iv. 325. Chs.1 [The
action of pulling or making bacon] is frequently accompanied by
the query ' Have you ever seen bacon so thick ? ' War. (J.R.W.)
Dev.3 The words used are ' Didee ivver zee bacons that thick ? '
to which the reply is ' Noa, not in thy mother's cupboard.' <2) Slang.
His friend having saved, to the letter, his bacon, BARHAM Ingoldsby
; 1864") Me reliant of Venice. (31 Wil.1
3. Comp. (i) Bacon-bee, see Bacon-fly ; (2) -dumpling ;
(3) 'flY' Dermestes lardarius, a small beetle, the larva of
which eats bacon ; (4) -ham ; (5) -hog, see Bacon-pig ;
(6) -hooks ; (7) -rack ; (8) -pig, a pig of a size to make
bacon; (9) -pudding; (10) -settle.
(i] Lei.1 The bacon-bee is black, with a band of brown. What
is a bacon-bee, Mrs. D. ? — Oh, it's loike a paason [parson,
the common black beetle] but not so big. (a] Oxf.1 A bacon
dumplin is made of bacon cut into small pieces, and mixed with
sage and onions. (3) n-Lin.1 (4) Sc. His face was like a bacon
ham, RAMSAY Tea-Table Misc. (1724) II. 129, ed. 1871. (5 Sul.
As fat as a bacon-hog (F.H.). (6) n.Lin.1 Bacon-hooks are fastened
into the beams of a kitchen or larder on which bacon is hung to
dry. (7) Oxf.1 Bacon-rack, a rack on the ceiling of farm-houses
where sides of bacon are stored. MS. add. Hmp.1 w.Som.1 The
bacon-rack is suspended horizontally under the beams in most
farm-house kitchens ; here the bacon dries, and is kept safely from
rats and cats. (8) Shr. Those who are industrious and rear
plenty of potatoes, contrive still to kill a bacon-pig in winter,
MARSHALL Review (1818) II. 242. w.Som.1 Wai, u zaak u
baa-rlee mae-ul ul mak u bae-ukn-paig oa un [why, a sack of
barley meal will make a bacon-pig of him]. nw.Dev.1 (9) Oxf.1
A bacon pudding is made like a roily-poly jam pudding, with the
bacon, &c., substituted for jam. (10) w.Som.1 The settle consists of
a curved seat six or seven feet long, and having a very high back,
often forming cupboards with folding doors, nearly reaching to the
ceiling. ... It is often called bacon-settle, from the use to which
the cupboards are applied [s.v. Settle].
Hence Bacony, adj. of the nature of, appertaining to,
bacon.
n.Yks. It hez a bacony flavour (I. W.).
[2. (2) ' To save the bacon ' is a phrase for preserving
one's self from being hurt ; borrowed from the care of
housewives in the country, where they have seldom any
other provision in the house than dried bacon, to secure
it from the marching soldiers, JOHNSON; But here I
say the Turks were much mistaken, Who, hating hogs,
yet wished to save their bacon, BYRON Don Juan, vn. 42 ;
No tricks shall save your bacon, FIELDING Author's Farce
(1729) III. 3. (5) My followers are smooth, plump, and
buxom, ... as so many bacon-hogs, KENNET Praise of
Folly (1709), ed. 8, 17 (DAV.) ; A baken hog, Saginatus
porcus, ROBERTSON Phras. (1093).]
BACON, see Birken.
BACON -AND-EGGS,s6. Wil. Linaria vulgaris,ye\\ovi
Toad-flax ; so called from the two shades of yellow in the
flower. See Eggs-and-Bacon.
Wil.1
BACON-CRATCH, see Cratch.
BACONER, sb. Hrt. [be-kana(r).] A pig kept for
bacon.
Hrt. ELLIS Mod. Husb. (1750) I. i.
[Bacon + -er, cp. porker.}
BACON-FLICK, sb. Yks. [be'kan-flik.] A Hitch of
bacon.
n.Yks.2
[Bakon-fliks, beffe-flicks,
(N.E.D.). Bacons flick, q.v.]
BACON-SILT, sb. Hmp.
salted.
Hmp.1
BACON-STAYBAND, sb.
York Wills (1462) II. 261
A trough in which bacon is
Yks. A strip of bacon-fat
bound across the windpipe to cure a sore throat.
n.Yks.2
BACON-SWORD, sb. Stf. Lei. War. Wor. Also
written bacon-soord, -sward Stf. Lei. [be'kan-swad,
•swad.] The rind of bacon. See Sword.
n.Stf. As if they'd never tasted nothing better than bacon-sword
and sour cake, GEO. ELIOT A. Bede (.1859) I. 138. Let', War.3,
ne.Wor. (J.W.P.)
[Bacon + sword (OE. sweard, the skin of bacon).]
BACON-TREE, sb. Lan. A humorous term for pig,
' growing bacon.'
Lan. Whether the parson would have cared to leave the ' nut-
brown ' [ale] for a sight of a whole Smithfield of ' bacon trees,'
BRIERI.EY Marlocks (1867) 121 ; I must go and look at my bacon-
trees (S.W.).
BACON-WEED, sb. Dor. The plant Chenopodium
album, goosefoot.
Dor. Gl. '1851); Dor.1
[It has been asserted that the plant is so called because
it denotes rich, fat land. The following extract, however,
suggests another explanation of the name : It is reported
that it (Goose-foot) killeth swine if they do eate thereof,
GERARDE Herb, (ed. 1633) 329.]
BAD, adj. and adv. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Chs. Stf. Lin. Rut. Lei. War. Won Shr. Hrf. Glo.
Oxf. Brks. Som. Dev. [bad, baed.]
1. adj. Profligate, tyrannical, and cruel in conduct.
w.Som.1 Ee'z u bae-ud luy u-baewt fuul'ur, ee doa'n aa'rlee kaar
uur airm noa'urt [he is a profligate, drunken fellow, he scarcely
carries her (his wife) home anything — i. e. of his wages]. A shock-
ing bad fellow would mean always a drunken profligate.
2. (a) 111, sick, in pain.
Slg. How are you ? — Very bad (G. W.\ Edb. Ye're looking gey
bad [very ill] (J.W.M.). N.I.1 He has been bad this month and
more. Ant. A wus very bad, Ballymena Obs. (1892). Nhb. He
lucks, poor body, verra bad, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1826) 15;
Cumfort us wiv apples, for aw's bad o' luve, ROBSON Sng. Sol.
(1860) ii. 5; Nhb.1 Cum., Wm. (M.P.) n.Yks. Mah teeas is seea
bad, TWEDDELL Clevel. Rhymes (1875) 68; n.Yks.1 She's desput
bad in her booels an' sair follered on wiv a lax. ne.Yks.1
w.Yks. I [he] wa Sat bad wol fouk font i wa ban ta di (J.W.).
ne.Lan.1 Chs.1 Awfu' bad wi' roomatics. Stf.2 Tell 'er yer mother's
very bad. n-Lin.1 He's tekken bad wi' th' ohd complaaint,
an' I doan't think he'll get oher it this time. sw-Lin.1 Bad of
a fever. War.12 s.Wor. PORSON Quaint Wds. (1875) 20. Shr.1
Mother's bad, er canna spar me to goo to school. Hrf. He was
bad, ELLIS Pronunc. (1889) V. 74. Glo. Ei bee unconron baad
(E. D. ); Er's very bad to-day; very bad 'er be, BUCKMAN
Darke's Sojourn (1890) 121. Brks.1 A was bad vor a year or moor
avoor a died. w.Som.1 I bin that bad, I 'ant a'sard [earned] zix-
pence, is dree weeks. Dev. When I were bad . . . and forced to
lie abed, O'NEILL Idylls (1892) 87.
Hence Badness, sickness, illness, disease.
s.Chs.1 There's a jell [deal] o' badn'ss i' th' country. Stf.2 It's
bin desprit far badnas dhis Tar. Dev. The ded body's han didden
kure the harm, vur herth the same badness now, GILES in n.Dev.
Jrn. (Sept 17, 1885) 6, col. 5.
(b) Phr. (i) bad-a-bed, so ill as to be obliged to remain
in bed ; (2) bad in oneself, ill generally, but without any
particular local ailment ; (3) bad way (in a), dangerously
ill; (4) bad yellow, the plague.
(i) Oxf.1 MS. add. w.Som.1 Plaise mum, father's bad-abed, and
mother zen me up vor t'ax o' ee. vor to be so kind's to gee un a
drap o' spurit. nw.Dev.1 (2) Oxf.1 Whur be in pain ?— Noo'er,
I be bad in myself, MS. add. (3) w.Som.1 1 be ter'ble afeard her's
in a bad way [that she will die]. (4) Bwk. The pestilence some-
times called 'the bad yellow,' HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 131.
3. Sorrowful.
s.Chs. Only used wjth v. ' to be.' To be bad about a thing
(T.D.); s.Chs.1 They'm bad abowt this Liberal mon bein chuckt
alt. Stf.2 Mrs. Jackson's felin very bad abait ur sun as is gon jed.
Hence Bad-hearted, melancholy, miserable, down-
hearted.
nXin.1
4. Difficult, hard.
Cum. That's bad to beat (M.P.); Cum.1 Bad to bide. Wm.
Whenivver Tomson set hissel i' that way, he war bad ta shift, JACK
RoBisoN^4a/rf Taales (1882) 3. n-Yks.1 ne.Yks.1 Bad to do, bad to
find, are universal. e.Yks.1 Bad-ti-beeat. w.Yks. ' Coal is bad ta
git ' when the roof is dangerous. A cheat, sharper, or bad-
tempered man is ' bad ta dew wi', 'LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882).
n-Lin.1 Haxey field's bad to beat fer grawin taaties an' wheat year
efteryear. sw.Lin.1 He's bad to light of. Lei.1 'A's a bad un
to beat," common eulogy of a horse, dog, prize-fighter, game-cock,
&c. War.23 Hrt. He's a bad one to part [close-fisted] (G.H.G. ).
R 2
BAD
[124]
BADGE
Colloq. Faith! you were bad to follow, SMART Ratltkellv (1888)
I. v.
5. In arrears, behindhand.
Lei.1 His illness threw us bad with the clothing club. Rut.1
She got a quarter bad in her rent. War.23
6. In compar. and superl., badder, baddest, worse,
worst.
Cum.1 Many a badder thing med happen. It's t'baddest thing
"at could hev happen'!. w.Yks. Jim's a bad lad, but Tom's badder,
an' Walk's t'baddest i' t'lot, Leeds Merc. Snppl. (July u, 1891);
w.Yks.1 n.Lin.1 I've knawn badder things then this happen to a
man, a vast sight. It was the baddest year we iver hed fer wild
ducks. Lei.1 Oi nivver knood a badder man nur what that man
weer. War.23
7. adv. Very much.
s.Oxf. Now, las' week there was a job doin' up at the squire's,
an' I wanted to go bad, ROSEMARY Chiltems (1895) ga.
8. Phr. (i) Bad luck top end, defective in mental powers ;
(2) bad-off, in poverty ; (3) bad off for, poorly furnished
with ; (4) bad place, a child's name for hell ; (5) bad to do,
in poor circumstances ; (6) bad to like, of unpromising
appearance ; (7) bad way (in a), ruined ; (8) bad-weather
Geordy, the cockle-seller whose trade is most flourishing
at the stormiest season of the year ; (9) not half bad, not
so bad, very good.
(i) Chs.1 Thah's getten bad luck top end, thah cumberlin ; Chs.2
(a) s.Stf. Them as used to ha' plenty o' money bin bad enough off
now, PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895). Oxf.1 I.W.2 They be
miserable bad off. w.Som.1 Poo-ur dhing, uurz u-laf' tuur-ubl
bae-ud oaf luyk [poor thing, she is left very badly off]. (3 ) Dor.
He's bad off vor apples to-year, BARNES G/.|(i863). (4) N.I.1, e.Yks.1
w.Som.1 Neef yue bae-un u geo'd maa-yd-n zai yur praa-yurz-n
keep yur chuurch, yue ul geo tu dhu bae-ud plae'us [if you are
not a good girl, and say your prayers and keep your church, you
will go to the bad place]. (5) War. (J.R.W.) Hrf.1 Bad to do in
the world. (6) n.Yks.2 e.Yks. There's a pluke cummin upov his
aym, at's bad ti like, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 92. (7) w.Som.1
Neef ee- doan au'ltur liz an, ee ul zeon bee een u bae-ud wai [if
he does not change his course he will soon go to the bad al-
together]. (8) Nhb. The sailor, when he hears the cry of ' cockles
alive,' concludes that a storm is at hand, and breathes a prayer,
backwards, for the soul of Bad-weather Geordy,' OLIVER Rambles
(1835) 207 ; Nhb.1 (9) War.2 This pie's not half bad, or ' not so
bad.'
[2. Bad, sick ; as, he is very bad a-bed, BAILEY (1755) ;
To be very bad [sick] , vehementer laborare, pessime se habere,
COLES (1679). 6. But as it is, it may be better, and were
it badder, it is not the worst, LYLY Euphues (1579) (NARES) ;
They demen gladly to the badder ende, CHAUCER C T.
F. 224.]
BAD, sb.1 Glo. Wil. [baed.] The pericarp or green
outer husk of a walnut, used sometimes also of filberts
and other nuts.
Glo. (H.T.E.) ; At Staunton, near Red Marley. bad is also used
lor the husks of filberts and other nuts (H.S.H.); Glo.1 Bad or
BAD, sb? Sh.I. Any article of clothing.
Sh.I. (K.I.) S.ftOrk.1
BAD, sb.3 Obsol. Yks. Lan. Chs.
1. A small knot of wood, or short, thick stick (sometimes
sharpened at the ends like a 'tip-cat,' q.v.), used in playing
the game of bad. See below.
Hence (i) Badding, vbl. sb. playing at hockey with
sticks and a wooden ball or piece of wood called a kiffev •
Bad-stick, sb. also called Bat-stick, (2) a long tapering
stick with a pummel-head, used to drive the 'gell' or
knur mthegameof'knur-and-spell'; (3) the game now
known as shinty or ' knur-and-spell ' (q v )
(i) Chs.13 (2) w.Yks. (S.K.C.) ; (J.T.) ; Seldom heard except
among farmers or old men, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Dec. 27, 1890).
(3) Lao. , Obsol The name is known to elderly people round
Wigan, though boys now call the game ' shinty' (S W )
2. A rude kind of cricket, in which usually the bat is
stick3 OT • bid/ 'besom-stale' and the ball by a piece of
•Tl'^h8'.1!16 i ka<V WaS thrown with a whirling motion to the boy
with the « steyl,' who struck the ' bad' and then ran to the goal-
stone, which counted one, and back again, if there was time, which
counted two. The • bad ' was thrown in to either the stone at
which the player stood to strike, or the goal-stone, and if it struck
either stone before the player touched it with the hedge-stake,
he was out (M. F.). w.Yks.3 Lakin' at bad means playing at bat,
a rude kind of cricket, with a bat and ball, and wall toppings for
wickets. There was no lakin' at bad sixty years ago ; they call
it 'cricket' naa. Lan. Playing at t'bad, HARLAND & WILKINSON
Leg. (1873)150; (J.L.)
3. A game, prob. the same as trippet or tip-cat, q.v.
Yks. To play at bad w"1 a badstick, to play at cat or trippet w"1
a catstick or trippet stick (K.).
Hence Bad-lump, sb.
Lan. A bad-lump is a flat piece of wood fixed to a hazel rod to
strike the bad with after it is flirted up from the edge of a stone by
a gentle tap, the game being who can send the bad to the greatest
distance (J.L.).
BAD, v. Obsol. Nhp. Glo. Wil. Also written bod
Nhp.2 Glo.1 [baed.] To remove the outer green husk
from walnuts.
Nhp.2 Glo. Cum and bad the bannets, GROSE (1790) ; Declaring
that he might go and ' bad the bannuts ' somewhere else. Household
Wds. (1885) 141 ; Glo.12 Wil. Gave me a basketful of green wal-
nuts, and then asked for them back ' to bad em ' ;G.E.D.) ; Wil.1
BADDERS, sb.pl. Sc. Also in form bathers ; baddords
Abd. Low raillery.
Sc. Bathers is in very common use (J.W. M.). Abd. Ye're but
scant o' grace, To tell sic baddords till a bodie's face, Ross Hele-
nore (.1768) 61, ed. 1812 ; Usually badders (G.W.).
BADDISH, adj. In gen. dial. use. [ba'dif, bae'dij.]
Rather bad.
Not.1 Lei.1 They're pretty baddish this turn. War.3 He is in
a baddish way, I fear.
BADDLE, v. Chs. [ba'dl.] To fool away.
Chs. He'sbaddling all his money away (E.M.G.).
BADDOCK, sb. Sc. The fry of the coal-fish, Gadtts
carbonarius. Also called Prinkles.
Abd. We catched in the tide whiles the baddock and fluke,
ANDERSON Rhymes (1851) ; Gray fish called haddocks, Statist Ace.
XVI. 551 (JAM.) ; SATCHELL (1879).
BADE, v. Yks. Stf. Not. War. Shr. Also written baad
w.Yks.) ; baade m.Yks.1 [bed, bead.] To bathe in the
open air, in a pond, in a river, in the sea.
m-Yks.1 Whear's tuhbarn to baade at, Jack ?— At Sandy-lobby—
... ah baaded thear at drinking-time yesterder, an' it tuke us up
t'neck. w.Yks.1 I aim to baad her i' th' beck, ii. 291 ; w.Yks.2
Come on, surrey, let's go an' bade us. Stf.2 Oi beleve that lad's
gone a badin. Not. (W.H.S.) War. (WRIGHT). Shr.1 Bading.
Hence Bade, sb. a bath.
w.Yks. (J.W.) Stf.2 Cum an 'ave a bade, lads, th' wayter's iwer
so warm. Not. (W.H.S.)
[This form is perhaps due to contam. of bathe with
wade.}
BADGE, si.1 Oxf. [baed?.] A moth of a medium size.
Oxf. (W.F.R.)
BADGE, sb.2 Obsol. Sc. A large, ill-shaped bundle.
Sc. (JAM.) Slk. There came in a ' puir man ' carrying a bundle
of firewood, and said ' Will ye hae a badge o' sticks ? ' (J. M.)
BADGE, v.1 Shr. Glo. Wil. [badg.] To buy up farm
and garden produce in order to sell it again at market.
Shr.1 Glo. (H.S.H.);Glo.' Wil.1 Obs. Md. to make pees [pro-
cess] against all the Badgers that doe badge without licence,
Extracts from Records of Wilts Quarter Sessions (1576), Wilts
Arch. Mag. XX. 327.
[Some others followed her [i. e. Fortune] by badging
land, DA VIES Humour's Heaven on Earth (i6os), ed.
1876, 37 (DAV.).]
BADGE, v? Obsol. Yks. Chs. Stf. Der. Not. Lei. War.
Shr. To cut corn, peas, beans, &c. close to the ground by
means of a badging-hook, q.v. See Bag, V?
w.Yks.2 Done by ' driving ' the corn with the left hand and cut-
ting close by the root with the hook in the right hand. Chs.13,
s.Chs.1, nw.Der.i Not. This word and the operation have been
almost extinct within this last twenty years (W.H.S.). Lei1
They havn't begun badging the beans yit. War.3 The growing
corn is grasped about halfway up the stalk, by the crook held in
the left hand, in a sufficient bundle forthe cut. A sharp blow with the
hook, held in the right hand, severs the growing stalks much closer
to the ground than is possible in reaping; hence the process was
in greater demand before the use of reaping machines. Shr.1 Obs.
BADGE-
[125!
BADGING-BOOK
Hence Badging-hook, a curved hook resembling
a sickle, used in cutting corn, peas, beans, &c., also in
trimming hedges.
w.Yks.2 Chs.1 It differs from the ordinary sickle in having a
broad smooth-edged blade instead of a narrow blade with a ser-
rated edge. s.Chs.', Stf.2, nw.Der.1
BADGE-, see Bag.
BADGER, sb.1 Obsol. All n. counties to Der. Also Lin.
Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Wil. Cor. Also
written bager Cor.3 ; badjer w.Yks.1
1. A corn-dealer, miller, or miller's man ; originally one
who was licensed to buy corn in one market to sell in
another. Also called a Swailer or Swealer.
n.Cy. 'As impudent as a badger's horse' is still a common
proverb, N. & Q. (1871") 4th S. vii. 245. Nhb.1, Dur.1, Cum. (M.P.),
Cum.1 Wm. (B. K.~) n.Yks.3 w.Yks. Shopkeepers mix their
goods, badgers their flour, and publicans their drink, ' EAVES-
DROPPER ' Vill. Life (1869) 16 ; A badger may also be a grinder of
corn, or he may not, Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.1234 Lan.An exact List of
all Badgers, Swealers, Corn-Dealers, Millers, Advt. ; 1757) quoted
in Manch. City News (April 25. 1896). Chs.123 Der. GROSE (1790:
MS, add. (P.); Der.12 nw.Der.1 e.Lin. Now an extinct occupation
(G.G.W). Lei.1, Nhp.1, War.1 Wil.1 Used freq. in old accounts
in n.Wil. but now obs. Urn for stayeinge Badgers & keepinge
a note of there names viijrf, Records of Chippenham (1620), ed.
Goldney, 202. Md. that I take order of the Badgers that they do
name the places where the Badgers do use to badge before they
resieve their lycens, Extracts from Records of Wilts Quarter Sessions
(1576) Wilts Arch. Mag. XX. 327. Cor.
Hence Badger's clout, sb. a wisp of hay or straw used
to stop a hole in a sack.
w.Yks. (J.T.)
2. A huckster ; an itinerant dealer who buys up farm
produce, &c., and carries it elsewhere to sell. Also used
specifically, as butter-badger, pig-badger, tea-badger.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Obs. Cum. Carel badgers are
monstrous sad fwok, The silly peer deils how they wring up,
ANDERSON Ballads (1805) 39, ed. 1881 ; Cum.1, Wm.1 n.Yks.
Butter ... is bought up by the badgers, who go round the
parish, ATKINSON Maori. Parish (1891) 10 ; n.Yks.12 m.Yks.1
Thou's always hungry : thou'd eat a badger off his horse. w.Yks.
Badger, a travelling, originally walking, grocer and butterman,
licensed victualler, LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882). n.Lan.1,
ne.Lan.1, Chs.13, Stf.12, Der.2 War.12; War.3 There is a badger
at the door with his basket w.Wor.1, s.Wor.1 Shr.1 In spite of
roguish badgers, The price it must come down, sir, Old Sng. ;
Shr.», Hrf.1 Glo. He is a butter-badger, you know (A.B.) ; A
badger acts as a sub-factor between the producer and the larger
merchants or the consumer (S.S.B.) ; Glo,1
3. One who keeps a small shop where groceries and
provisions are sold.
w.Yks. CUDWORTH Norton (1886) ; w.Yks.5 Lan. DAVIES Races
(1856) 22j> ; Eawer Alick keeps a badger's shop, WAUGH Eawer
Folk (,1859) st- 2 ; They nan fur to goo to th' badgurs fur to get ther
stuff oppo tryste, ORMEROD Felley fro Rachde (1864) iii ; Lan.1
4. A wholesale grocer; one who buys and sells in batches.
e.Lan.1
[1. Badger [in law], one who has a licence to buy corn
in one place and sell it in another, a dealer in corn, ASH
(1795) ; A badger, or carrier of corn, or a buyer of corn
to sell it again, ROBERTSON Phras. (1693) ; A badger, celui
qtti porte ou voicture le bled de lieu en lieu pour le vendre,
SHERWOOD ; The wealth of this town consisteth much in
buying of corne and selling it againe to the mountaines,
for all the inhabitants be as it were a kinde of hucksters or
badgers, HOLLAND Camden (1610), ed. 1637, 555 ; Item
that the clerke of the Merkett doth suffer baggers to by the
corn in the merket afore the bakers and brwers of this
town be serued, Nottingham Records (1530), ed. Stevenson,
III. 364 ; Bagers, suchasbryngeth whete to towne, aswele
in trowys (barges) as otherwyse, by lande and by watir, in
kepyng downe of the market, Ordinance of the office of
Mayor of Bristol (1479) in English Gilds, 424. 2. Badger,
a huckster, BAILEY (1721); Badger, one that buys corn,
salt, or other victual in one place to transport it to another
for gain, BLOUNT (1670).]
BADGER, sb* Nhb. Dur. Yks. [ba-dzar.] A thin
stratum of a coarse mixture of coal and carbonate of
lime or pyrites, freq. found lying at the roof of a seam
of coal, GREENWELL. See Brat.
Nhb. A very thin stratum lying between the coal seam and the
next stratum above it, and partaking frequently of the nature of
both(R.O.H.); Nhb.i Dur. Borings (1681) II. 124. w.Yks.(H.V-)
BADGER, v.1 Sc. Wm. Yks. Lan. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp.
War. Wor. Shr. Glo. Brks. I.W. Wil. Dev. [ba'd73(r),
bae-dg3(r).] To tease, worry, torment ; to beat.
Fif. ' Badger the loon ' is a common expression (JAM.). Wm.1
Cum don't badger ma ! n.Yks.1 Mebbe t'lad's not mich aboon
a gauvison ; but they badgered him ower sair for owght. e.Yks.'
MS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks.1 Lan. Awm a bit fond o' badgerin'
eawr Betty, FERGUSON Preston Eggsibishun (1865) v ; Yo're a
brave lot, yo' are, badgerin' a slip o' a wench loike this, BURNETT
Lowrie (1877) ii ; Owd Lot Foure'en badgert him wi' sayin,
' Will yo' regester it neaw ? ' FERGUSON Moudywarp, 4. ne.Lan.1
Not. (J.H.B.) n-Lin.1, Lei.1, Nhp.1, War.2 w.Wor.1 E'll badger
you as if it wuz ever so ! se.Wor.1 Shr.1 E's al'ays badgering
some one; never 'eed 'im. Glo. Don't badger him so (A.B.).
Brks.1 If a badgers "un any moor a ooll get his back up. s.Cy.
HOLLOWAY. I.W.1 Wil. Baggering a sould as ye do, PENRUD-
DOCKE Content (1860) 30. Dev. You thief! you baggerin' gert liar!
PHJLLPOTTS Dartmoor (1896) 117. Slang. Which I meantersay,
that if you come into my place bull-baiting and badgering me,
come out, DICKENS Gt. Expectations (1860) xviii.
Hence Badgeran, vbl. sb. a beating.
n.Sc. He got a badgeran he winna seen forget (W.G.).
[The word means lit. to treat like a badger (or brock),
which is ' used to be hunted,' JOHNSON ; A ' brock "...
led such a persecuted life, that to ' badger ' a man came
to be the strongest possible term for irritating, perse-
cuting, and injuring him in every way, WOOD Anecd.
Anim. Life (1855) 238 (N.E.D.).]
BADGER, v.2 Yks. Lan. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Glo.
[ba'dga(r), bae-dga(r).] To beat down in price, to haggle
over a bargain.
n-Yks.1 He wad ha' badgered me doon to nowght ; n.Yks.2
w.Yks. He's niver satisfied ; he's allus badgering and baiting,
Leeds Merc. Sitppl. (July u, 1891); BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865).
ne.Lan.1. n.Lin.1, Lei.1 Nhp.1 You needn't badger me any longer,
I won't sell it no cheaper. War.2 Glo. Joseph fot out his earn
weout badgering, Leg. Peas. (1877) 63.
Hence Badgerer, one who makes another abate his
price.
n.Yks.2
[The same as Badger, sb.1]
BADGER-PIED, adj. Hmp. [bavdija-paid.] Badger-
coloured, tawny.
Hmp. Applied to the tame boars found in the New Forest, WISE
New Forest (1883) 259 ; Hmp.1 [A colour of hounds indicative of
strength, MAYER Sptsmn. Direct. (1845) 147.]
BADGER'S BAND, phr. ? Obs. Hmp. The clashing
of kettles, pans, &c., in front of the house of an obnoxious
person ; a rural form of punishment for notorious
offenders. Cf. rough music.
Hmp. For wife-beaters, husband-beaters, and men guilty of
certain flagrant breaches of chastity . . . our good Hampshire folks
reserve the punishment of ' rough music,' or the badger's band,
N. &" Q. (1860) and S. x. 258. [Not known to our correspondents.]
[Conn. w. badger (the animal), see Badger, v.1]
BADGE-SHOP, sb. Lan. [ba-dg-Jop.] A small shop
where groceries and provisions are sold, gen. on credit ;
known also as a ' badge.'
Lan. He keeps a badge-shop (S. W.) ; Manch. City News (May 2,
1896) ; In a village near Bury, some'years ago, the only grocer's
shop was called the badge, ib. (May 9, 1896) ; She opened a small
grocery shop, or ' badge,' WESTALL Old Factory (1885) 115.
[Badge, the same as Badge, v.1]
BADGET, sb. An. [bardgat.] A badger (the animal).
e.An.12 Suf. Very commonly used (F.H.); Suf.1
[Badgerd is an old name for the badger. As the selfe-
swelling badgerd . . . First at the entry of his barrow
fights, SYLVESTER Du Bartas (1598) 514 (N.E.D.). This
is supposed to be from badge (a mark) + -an/. The form
budget may be explained as a pron. of badgerd^
BADGING-BOOK, sb. Obsol. Lan. A book in which
purchases on credit are entered, kept in the possession of
the purchaser.
BAD-LIKE
[126]
BAFF
Lan. ' Why, this is a badgin' book,' cried th' visitor. WOOD
Hum. Sketches, 96 ; Well-known in the neighbourhood of Bury
On receipt of his or her wages, the customer is expected to dis-
charge the amount debited in the badgin'-book since the previous
settlement, Manch. City News ! May 2, 1896) ; More frequently
called 'shop-book' (S.W.).
[See Badge, v.]
BAD-LIKE, adj. Yks. [ba'd-laik.] Of forbidding
aspect, ill-favoured.
n.Yks.2 A bad-like fellow. e.Yks.1
BADLING, sb. Obsol. Sc. Wm. A worthless person.
Rxb. (W.H.H.) N.Cy.1 Wm.1 Known, but not in common use.
[A wregh to were a nobill scarlet goun, A badlyng,
jurryng parsillit wele with sable ; It may wele ryrne bot
it accordis nought, PINKERTON Sc. Poems (c. 1600) ed.
1792, III. 125 (JAM.). OE. bcedling, an effeminate person,
der. otbceddel, hermaphrodite.]
BADLY, adj. and adv. Sc. and n. counties to Der.
Also Not. Lin. Rut. Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. e.An. Dev.
Sick, ill, unwell.
Sc. I have been badly for some time, Scotic. (1787) 15 ; I hae been
badly a' the time (J.W.M.). Wgt. Badly refers to incipient or
slight symptoms of illness (A.W.). n.Cy. Sadly badly, very ill,
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) ; N.Cy.1 Nhb.l She's nobbut badly,
poor body. Dnr.1 Cum. It is not often we meet her away from
home, unless it be among ' badly folk,' RIGBY Midsummer (1891) i ;
Cum.3 It mead ivery body else badly to hear't. 12. Wm. Neeabody
ta . . . leeak eftre er when she wes badly. Spec. Dial. (1885)
pt. iii. 12 ; Wm.1 A doubt he's nobbet badly. n.Yks. Loike a bairn at
wur badly, Why John (Coll. L.L.B.) ; n.Yks.1 Our Mary's very
badly, for seear ; n.Yks.2 A badly bout, a fit of illness ; n.Yks.3
e.Yks.1 Nobbut badly. w.Yks. One on his childer fell badla,
BYWATER Sheffield Dial. (1839) 122, ed. 1877; w.Yks.2; w.Yks.3
' Oh, Au'm badly with tooithwark,' &c.; but if really ill, they say
' poorly' ; w.Yks.5 How d' yuh feel to-daay then like Tommy? —
Badly, varry badly; t'weather suits noan on muh. Lan. Stop tell
tha' ert badly, an wants cuddlin up a bit, FERGUSON Preston
Eggsibishun (1865) ix ; Hoo sed hoo thowt awd bin ... badly
afoor, ib. Moudywarp, 16 ; Lan.1, ne-Lan.1 Chs.1 Whey, aw'm
badly. Stf.1 ; Stf.2 My mester inner o'er toppin this mornin, in
fac' 'e's feylin rayther badly. Der.2 Th cawfs nowt amiss, but
the ka [cowjs badly. nw.Der.1 s.Not. Are yer badly, lass ?
PRIOR Rente (1895) 261 ; Not.1 n-Lin.1 I'm a poor badly creatur
noo. swim.1 He's nowt but a poor badly thing. She has two
badly bairns, and hersen badly too. The nurse fell badly [was
taken ill]. Rut.1 Pepper' child baddly : gave them 45. 6d., Prsh.
Aces, (1708). Lei. Shi wer bad'li aul win'ter (C.E.) ; Lei.1 A
favourite answer of an invalid to the inquiry ' How are you ?' is,
' Sadly badly, sore and sickly.' Nhp.2, War.3 Shr.1 This term is
not nearly so strong as ' bad,' in the sense of ill. e.An.1, Nrf.1
Dev. Her wouldn't let me [come] 'cause her knovved you was badlv
O'NEILL Idylls (1892) 14.
Hence Badliness, illness, sickness.
Nhb.1 Felt 'at he couldn't stan for badliness, HALDANE Geordy's
Last (1878) 1 1. e.Lin. Very common (G.G. W.). sw.Lin.1 There's
a deal of badliness about. It was the nurse as nursed me in my
first badliness.
BADLY, adv. In phr. (i) badly able, hardly able ; (2)
badly looking, of repulsive or evil appearance ; (3) badly
put on, shabbily or insufficiently clad.
(i~) Cum. Badly able is common enough among older Dalesmen
(R.H.H.). (2) Wm^A! what a badly-leukin chap that is. (3)
Yks. A chap oot of place, and luck, mabbe, badly pool on and
dooncast, FETHERSTON Farmer, 7. e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T H.)
BAD MAN'S BREAD, phr. Yks. Buniumflexuosum,
also known as Earth-nut, Pig-nut, &c., q.v.
BAD MAN('S OATMEAL, phr. (i) Capsella bursa-
pastoris, Shepherd's-purse (Dur.) ; (2) Cochlearia officinalis.
common Scurvy-grass (Dur.); (3) Conium maculatiim,
common Hemlock (Nhb. Dur. Yks.).
(3) Nhb.1 Also called Deed-man's oatmeal. e.Yks. The flowers
of the 'humlock ' are known as 'badman-whotmeal,' NICHOLSON
Fit-Lore (1890) 122 ; e.Yks.1
BAD MAN'S POSIES, phr. Nhb. Lamium purpureum,
red Dead-nettle.
BAD-NAUGHT, sb. Lan. [ba'd-naut, -nout.] A
worthless, good-for-nothing person.
Lan. Theaw yung bad nawt, SCHOLES Tim Gamwattle (i8=,i">
29; A name applied to a naughty boy or a bad man, Manch. City
News (Apr. 25, 1896). s.Lan. Bad-nowt, a fairly common term
(F.E.T.).
[Bad '+ nowt (nothing, applied to persons), see Naught.]
BADNESS, sb. Yks. [ba'dnas.] Depravity, active
wickedness, vice.
n-Yks.1 Nobbut a ragally chap, at allays had a vast o' badness
iv 'im ; n.Yks.2 Yan o' t'warst mak o' badness. ne.Yks.1 There's
neea badness aboot her. e.Yks.1
[As duteous to the vices of thy mistress As badness
would desire, SHAKS. K. Lea*, iv. vi. 259; The bewte of
hir body in badnesse she dispended, P. Plowman (B.)
xn. 49.]
BAD-STICK, see Bad, sb?
BAD-YABBLE, adj. Obsol. Yks. Unable.
n.Yks.<*
B AERIE, sb. Sh.I. A boar pig.
Sh.I. (K.I.) S.&Ork.1
[Baer +-ie (-y). Baer repr. hair, n.dial. pron. of boar.
Certane landis namit the Bairrink, because ane bair . . .
was slane in the said feild, BELLENDEN Chron. (1536)
XII. 15.]
BAESSY-FLAAS, sb. pi. Sh.I. Litter for cattle, com-
posed of heather and dry earth.
Sh.I. Still used, but more frequently the words are heard
separately. A beasy or bizzy is just the compact mass of litter
composed of heather or straw and dry earth, which has accumu-
lated in a cow-house for so long that it has to be torn off the
floor. Each piece would be a flaa, just what is 'flayed off' (K.I.).
S.&Ork.1
[Baessy is cogn. w. Norw. dial, bysja, to strew the floor
with coarse grass, leaves, or straw (AASEN). See Flaa.]
BAFF, s6.f Sc. [baf, bef.]
1. A blow, stroke, shot ; a dull, heavy thud.
Sc. For fear John Heatherblutter, or some siccan dare-the-deil,
should tak a baff at them, SCOTT Waverley (1814) Ixxi ; To hae a
baff at the popinjay, ib. Old Mortality (1816) vii ; He gaff Clark's
broggit-staff Siccan a baff, DRUMMOND Muckomachy (1846) 35 ; For
a whole hour they would hae been at it, baff for baff, ROY
Horseman (1895) i. n.Sc. GROSE 1790) MS. add. (C.) ; He cam
doon wi' a bef on's doup (W.G.).
2. A stroke in golf, in which the ground is struck with
the sole of the club-head.
Sc. QAM. Suppl.)
[Brabant dial, baf, baffe, a blow (Idiot. 26, cited in
SCHUERMANS Suppl.}. Cp. G.baf, interj. ' fragorem indicans,'
and baffeti, to strike (GRIMM).]
BAFF, sb.2 Yks. [baf.] A suppressed bark.
n.Yks. (I.W.) w.Yks. The suppressed bark of a dog, the
ghost of a sound, DYER Dial. (1891) 95.
[The same as Baff, v.2]
BAFF, sb.3 Sh.I. [baf.] A cold, the effects of expo-
sure to cold.
Sh.I. A dose of cold after exposure to bad weather (K.I.).
S. & Ork.1
[Perh. the same word as Baff, sb.2 ; see BaflF, v.2, 2.]
BAFF, adj. Nhb. Dur. [baf.]
1. Of cards : valueless, worthless ; not a trump.
Nhb. ' Th's nee use playin, aa've getten sic a baff hand.' Said by
a partner who has received a bad deal in the game of whist
(R.O.H.); Aa had some pictors but a bad, baff hand (T.E.F.);
Nhb.1
2. Of wood : useless, worthless. See Baff -end.
Nhb. The outer or ' sappy ' portion of a tree is valueless for
oinery. In a plank this ' sappy ' part is called the baff-edge, and
s cut off and thrown aside for firewood. A foreman's instruction
.o his joiner is thus given : ' Rip the baff-edge off' [saw off the
iseless edge] (R.O.H.).
3. Of a week or day : the alternate week or day of that
week on which the fortnightly wages are not paid.
N.Cy.1 The week in which pitmen receive no pay is called the
baff-week.' Nhb. Several collieries in Northumberland . . . decided
o cancel their recent voting in favour of not working on ' baff'
Saturday. It is expected that other collieries will follow in the
botsteps of the workmen of East Holywell, who were, it is
understood, about the first to make the proposition in favour of
he abolition of work on a 'baff' Saturday, Newc. Wkly. Chron.
Dec. 14, 1889) 8, col. 4 ; The newspapers reported an agitation at
he collieries to have Baff-Saturday made a holiday as well as
BAFF
[127]
BAG
(1894) ; Nhb.1 A pitman, it' paid fortnightly, speaks of the alternate
weeks as ' the baffweek,' and ' the pay week.' The Baff week is
o'er — no repining — Pay Saturday's swift on the wing, ROBSON
Collier's Pay Week (18631 237. Nhb., Dur. GREENWELL Coal Tr.
Gl. 1849) ; NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
[The same word as Bauch.]
BAFF, v.1 Sc. Also written beff GAM.), [baf, bef.]
1. To beat, to strike.
Sc. (JAM.) ; GROSE i 1790) MS. add. {C.) ; Has ne'er in Mony-
musk been seen Sac mony wecl-beft skins, SKINNER Poems
(1859) 12. n.Sc. (W.G.)
2. To strike the ground with the sole of the club-head in
playing golf.
Sc. GAM. Suppl.)
3. To struggle, either against illness or weather.
Shi. Used when speaking of struggling with any illness,
but chiefly when speaking of animals, suffering uneasily (K.I.).
S. & Ork.1 To buffet a storm.
[The same word as Baff, sb*~\
BAFF, v.2 Yks. Lin. Also written bef w.Yks.5 ; beff
n.Lin.1 [baf, bef.]
1. To bark gently, in a low tone.
m.Yks.1 A dog baffs when it dares not bark, though it may
happen that it commits itself in the latter way at intervals.
Hence Baffing, (i) vbl. sb. ; (2) ppl. adj.
(i) Lin.1, nXin.1 12) w.Yks.2 When a dog hunts for game in
a wood he is said to make a baffing noise.
2. To cough, to hack.
w.Yks.5 To cough short, with little movement, and a quick
noise; generally prelusive to a violent 'coughing bout.' Coughing
an' beffing t'daay through.
Hence Baffing, vbl. sb. coughing, hacking.
n-Lin.1
[To baflfe, as a dog, latrare, LEVINS Manip. ; Baffyn as
howndys, baulo, baffo, latro. Prompt. Cp. Du. baffen, to
barke (HEXHAM) ; MHG. baffen (LEXER) ; Bavar. dial.
baffen, beffen, to bark like a fox, to quarrel (SCHMELLER).]
BAFF, v.3 Sh.I. [baf.] To bathe an injured part to
give it relief.
Sh.I. (K.I.)
BAFF-END, sb. Nhb. Dur. [ba'f-end.]
1. The partly decayed or root end of a tree or log.
Nhb.1 The partly decayed, split, or root end of a log or tree of
timber is called the baff end ; and from the baft" ends, or otherwise
useless pieces or ends of timber, are cut baffs, which are used to
keep the wooden cribs in position, when sinking pits in our North-
Country.
Hence Baff-ended, ppl. adj. worthless, blunted.
N.Cy.1 Picks are so called when the points are off. Nhb.1
2. A wooden wedge used to keep cribs in position.
Nhb. A kind of blunt wedges driven in behind the cribbing in
order to pack up the space behind. Odds and ends of timber arc
cut up for the purpose, and any waste ends of wood will do for it
(R.O.H.). Nhb., Dur. GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
[Baff, the same word as Baff, adj.']
BAFFER, sb. Sh.I. A struggle.
Shi. (K.I.) S. & Ork.1 To get a baffer, to have a struggle
against a storm.
BAFFLE, sb. Sc. A trifle, thing of no value.
S. & Ork.1, Or.I., Sth. (JAM.)
[A der. of baff (adj.), q.v. It is the same word as Bauchle.]
BAFFLE, v. Chs. Stf. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Shr.
Glo. Oxf. e.An. Ken. Sur. Sus. Also written boffle s.Chs.1
Stf. Lei.1 Nhp.1 War.28 se.Wor.1 Shr.1 Glo.1 Oxf.1 Ken.1
e.Sus. [ba-fl, bo'fl.]
1. To confuse, perplex, worry, annoy.
s.Chs.1 The questions put to a candidate at a political meeting
were said to be intended to boffle him. Lei.1 s.Wor. A robin
singing and flying about in church, caused the clergyman to
hesitate and stumble painfully and to conclude his sermon abruptly.
The comment of the congregation was, ' That there robin fairly
boffled the parson ' (R.M.E.). Shr.1 I knowed right well 'e wuz
tellin' me a lie, so I cross-waund 'im a bit an' soon boffled 'is story.
Glo.1, Oxf.1
Hence (i) Boffled, />/. confused, rendered stupid; (2)
Bofflement, sb. a bother, state of perplexity.
(i) Sur.1 A fox that has been repeatedly headed and prevented
from making his point is said ' to be regularly boffled.' (2) Glo.1
2. To impede, obstruct, thwart, balk.
s.Stf. I shall hit the mark if yo' wo' boffle me just as I'm shootin',
PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895). sw-Lin.1 They seem to baffle us
off any-how. Nhp.1 The grass was so long, it quite boffled me to
get through it. War.2 This long grass boffles my feet. When
I start to jump, keep still, or else you'll boffle me. Wor. Used of
almost any hindrance. When a boy is writing and another shakes
his arm he says, ' I wishes a'd mind wot a be alter, 'ee keps
bofflin' mah.' 'Ee maakes sich a despret n'isc, I con't read nothm, a
boffles mah (H.K.). se.Wor.1 Ken.1 I should ha' been here afore
now, only for de wind, that's what boffled me. e.Sus. HOLLOWAY.
Hence Baffling, ppl. adj. impeding, obstructing.
Sus. Nothing is more common at sea than to speak of a ' baffling
wind,' in the sense of a wind that varies so as to prevent a steady
course from being held (R.H.C.).
3. To twist irregularly, entangle ; cf. bauchle.
e.An.1 Nhp. ./V. & Q. (1889; 7th s- vi!- 337 > Nhp.1 Applied to
corn or grass irregularly beaten down by wind or rain. ' Scraily '
is synonymous; but if grain be regularly beaten down in one direc-
tion it is said to be ' laired."
Hence Baffled,///, adj. beaten about, entangled.
Nrf.1 Standing corn or grass, beat about by the wind or stray
cattle, are said to be ' baffled about ' or baffled. Nickled, snaffled,
and waited, are other terms applied to standing corn beat about
by wind or rain. Suf. RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 287, ed. 1849 ; Suf.1
4. To cheat, humbug, make a fool of.
Lei. Used to describe a cattle-dealer (for instance) trying to get
round a purchaser to buy his cattle, so as to gain an advantage
over him (C.E.) ; Lei.1, e.An.1
5. Of children or animals : to manage capriciously, to
bring up badly.
e.An.1 He was sadly baffled in his bringing up. Nrf.1
6. To insult, bully, tease.
Lei.1
7. To strike, beat.
Lei.1 Oi boffled un o'er the yead wi' the mop. Nrf.1 Suf.1 'A
[he] baffled 'em about the hid.
[1. Baffled, confounded, ASH (1795). 2. To baffle
[disappoint], frustror, COLES (1679). 4. To baffle, or
befool one, aeludere, ROBERTSON Phras. (1693) ; But
friends are men, and love can baffle lords, GREENE Fr.
Bacon (c. 1590) v. 83. 6. Alas, poor fool, how have they
baffled thee ! SHAKS. Twelfth Nt. v. i. 377.]
BAFFLER, sb. Chs. War. [ba-fla(r).] A top rail to
a sunk fence or wall.
Chs.13 A rail to 'baffle' any attempt of cattle, but particularly
sheep, to break fence. War. (J.R.W.)
[Baffle, vb. + -er.]
BAFFLES, sb. pi. Nhp. [bayflz.] Gaiters, leggings.
See Bofflers.
Nhp. His threadbare suit of labourer's clothes, patched top and
bottom, with leather baffles and gaiters to match, MARTIN Life of
Clare (1865) 112.
BAFFLET, sb. Nhb. [ba'flat.] A wooden mallet for
killing salmon.
Nhb.1 It is esteemed very unlucky to produce the bafflet until
the fish are drawn ashore.
[Baffle, vb. 1 + -et.]
BAFFOUND, v. Yks. To perplex, bewilder.
m.Yks.1 Thou'd baffound a stoop ! [post].
Hence (i) Baffounded, ppl. adj. perplexed, bewildered;
bodied i
n.Yks.2 He had a baffounding way with him [a cross-questioning
or harassing manner],
BAFFUM, see Bargham.
BAG, sb. Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. Eng. [bag, baeg.]
1. A sack.
Chs.1 s.Chs.1 A bag o' curn. Glo.2
2. A dry measure of quantity or weight varying according
to locality and the nature of the contents. Of wheat,
potatoes, &c., gen. equivalent to three bushels.
Chs.1 Farmers frequently speak of having so many bags of
BAG
[128!
BAG
wheat per acre ; in which case a sack containing four bushels is
intended. s.Chs.1 A bag o' curn. Lei.1, Hrf.2 War.3 A bag of
potatoes contained so many pots, a bag of coal so many pounds,
and a bag of coke so many bushels. se.Wor.1 Shr. MORTON
Cyclo. Agric. (1863). s.Wal. Bag of oats, 7 heaped measures or
8 J striked, il>. s.Wor.1 Glo. (A.B.) Ken. Bag of hops, 2 cwL
2 qrs., MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). w.Som.1 Ordinarily, a bag is
a sack made to hold three bushels. Potatoes, apples, turnips, and,
in some local markets, corn, are always sold by the bag ; and for
each article the bag is by local usage understood to be a certain
fixed weight ; thus a bag of apples or turnips is always six
score, or 120 Ibs., while of potatoes it is always 160 Ibs. The
bag of corn of different kinds varies in different markets, and
as a grain measure is obsol. in most places. Dev. Bag of wheat,
2 bushels, MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). nw.Dev.1 A bag of po-
tatoes is seven score (140 Ibs.); a bag of apples is four heaped
half-bushels ; and a bag of grain is two strike or imperial bushels.
s.Dev. On the borders of Dartmoor the ordinary equivalent is
a bag, i.e. half-a-sack of wheat, HENDERSON Flk-Lore ( 1879) ix.
3. The udder of any domestic animal.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Cum.1, Wm.1 Yks. One quarter ... of the bag
becomes inflamed, KNOWLSON Cattle Doctor (1834) 7. e.Yks.1,
w.Yks.1 s.Chs.1 Hoo's gotten a good bag. s.Not. That cow's got
a rare bag (J.P.K.). Lin.1, n-Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 What a beautiful bag
she has! Nhp.2, War.12, s.Wor.1, se.Wor.1, Hrf.2, Glo.2, Oxf.1
MS. add., Brks.1, e-An.1, Suf.1, Hmp.1 u.Wil. That there cow
have a-got a good bag (E.H.G.). Wil.1, w.Som.1
4. (a) The stomach ; in //., sometimes, the entrails.
Sc. Ane may lo'e a haggis that wadna ha'e the bag bladed in
his teeth, RAMSAY Prov. (1737). Slk. (JAM.; Nhb. Next to the
tents we hied te get Some stuffin for wor bags, man, MIDFORD
Coll. Sngs. (1818) 6; They thowt how weel their bags to stuff,
MARSHALL Sngs. (1829) 17 ; Nhb.1, Cum.12 Wm.1 He's swelled
his bag. n.Yks. (I.W.) Stf.2 Na, just blow yar bagz ait, ar ois'l
rekn ya dunar fansi moi mil-getin. nXin.1 1 have frequently found
the principal stomach or bag nearly eaten through by these
destructive vermin, Compl. Grazier (1810) 143.
(b) The womb of any domestic animal.
n.Lin.1, w.Som.1
5. A cavity in a coal-mine ; usually in phr. bag of gas,
bag of water.
Nhb. An Account of a Bag of Water which was broke in his
greatest Colliery, NORTH Life Guilford (c. 17331 J38, ed. 1742;
Nhb.1 A cavity found occasionally in fiery seams of coal, containing
highly condensed gas. Usually called 'a bag of gas.' Also, a
cavity in a pit, filled with water, as 'a bag of water.' Nhb.,
Dur. Bag of gas, a cavity found occasionally in fiery seams of
coal, containing highly compressed gas, GREENWELL Coal Tr.
Gl. (1849).
6. One of the short flues inside a potter's oven, con-
ducting the flame and heat from an oven-mouth into the
oven.
Stf.2 There are as many bags as oven-mouths or fires around
each oven.
7. The long-tailed Titmouse, Pants caudatus (LINN.).
Nhp. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 32; Nhp.1 The nest of this skilful
little mechanist is called Bag's-nest, and it has other appropriate
local appellations, as Oven's-nest, Pudding-bag, Bum-barrel, and
Bottle-tit ; all allusive to the singular and curious construction of
its snug and elegant little mansion ; Nhp.2 The smallest of the
titmouse species.
8. Fig. An epithet applied to a child, playfully or as a
term of reproach.
Abd. A child is familiarly and kindly called ' a little bag,' or
otherwise ' a coorse bag ' (G.W.).
Comp. (i) Bag-fox, a fox brought in a bag to be turned
out before the hounds ; (2) -hosier, a small middleman
among the stocking-weavers of the villages of Not. ; (3)
•pudding, any pudding boiled in a cloth or bag; (4) -rope,
a rope used in thatching ; (5) -shakings, (a) the refuse,
last remains of anything; (b) the youngest of a large
family ; (6) -stuff, (a) sacking, (b) artificial manure sold in
bags.
(i) n-Lin.1 (2) s.Not. The bag-hosier gives work out for some
wholesale house, collects it, and carries it to the town in a con-
spicuous white bag, hence his name (J.P.K.). (3) nXin.1 (4) Sc.
The bag-rope is kinched to the cross-ropes, then tied to what is
called the pan-rope, and fastened with wooden pins to the easing
or top ot the wall on the outer side JAM.). (5) (a) Cum.». Wm.»
(4) Cum. The last born of a large family, if the child be diminu-
tive and badly nourished (J.A. ). (6) (a) Glo. Only a feaw owld
rags, bits o' bag-stuff an' the like for to cover 'erselfwi', BUCKMAN
Darkens Sojourn (1890) xvi. (A) Chs.1 Aw may no accaint o'
bag stuff.
Phr. I. (i) To get the bag, to be discharged from em-
ployment. (2) To give the bag, (a) to dismiss an employe,
cf. Bag, v. ; (b) to disappoint the expectations of another,
to give the slip ; (c) to jilt in love. (3) To offer the bag, sec
2 (a). (4) To take the bag, see 1.
vi) Per. Ye'll get the bag gin ye canna behave better i^G.W.).
Ir. The world may wag Since I got the bag For thousands have
got it before me, Old Sng. (P.W.J.). Nhb. What myed ye get
the bag! WILSON Sngs. (1890) 116; Nhb.1 He's gettin' the bag.
w.Yks.3 Lan. He'll geet th' bag for that, said Ben, WAUGH Yeth-
Bobs (1870) i; Getten th' bag? BURNETT Haworths (1887) v;
' Hello, Will ! ' cried one , ' got th' bag yet ? ' FRANCIS Fustian (1895)
218. w.Som.1 Zoa ee-v u gaut dhu baig, aa'n ur ? [So he has got
the sack, has he not ?] (a) (a) w.Wks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (July
18, 1891) ; w.Yks.3 Lan. I've gan thee th' bag mony a time, but
thou's taen it thisel' at last, WAUGH Old Cronies (1875) iv; Lan.1,
e.Lan.1, nw.Der.1 (b) Lth. (JAM. ) (c) Per. She gave me the bag
[I was jilted] (G.W.). Lnk. (JAM.) Edb. She's tired o' him and
gi'en him the bag ;J.W.M.). ^3) s.Stf. As long as her lives her'll
never forgive me for offering you the bag, MURRAY Joint Vale
(1890) xxx. (4) Nhb.1 An' we maun shortly follow them, An' tyek
the bag, GILCHRIST Bold Archy.
Phr. II.(i)£«^attrf6aJg-,gtt£-e>,goodsandchattels; (2)— and
pump, meal and water ; (3) — and staff, used/ig. to denote
beggary ; (4) — (his) is down, he is put out, in a temper (?) ;
(5) — (the) mouth is open, all is known ; cf. ' the cat is out
of the bag ' ; (6) — o' bones, an extremely thin person ; (7)
— o' lies, a ' pack of lies,' a string of falsehoods ; (8) — of
moonshine, nonsense, idle, untrue stories ; (9) — o' tricks,
any combination of things naturally connected, any
miscellaneous collection of articles ; (10) bags with the
strings (to send back), to pay on delivery of goods.
(i) Sc. Bag and baggage on her back, Old Sng. ; General Lesly
returned, bag and baggage, SPALDING Hist. Troubles in Sc. (1792)
II. 59 (JAM.). Edb. I'll pack ye oot o' the hoose bag and baggage
(J.W.M.). n.Liiii.' n-Lin.1 Thaay've to'n'd us oot i'to New
Frodingham toon-streat bag an' baggage. Nhp.1 He went away
bag and baggage. War.2 (a) Chs.3 Bag and pump don't pay
[have not good fattening qualities] like bag and milk. (3) Ir. God
grant that we mayn't come to the bag and staff, CARLETON Fardo-
rougha (1848) ii ; Not a common expression in Munster. The
beggarman of half a century ago had a bag for contributions
(potatoes, oatmeal, &c.) and a great staff, often with a spike, for
walking and as a defence against dogs (P.W.J.). (4) Stf.1 (5)
Chs.1 ; Chs.3 Au never knew how things were with him, till the
bailies were in the house, and then the bag-mouth was open.
(6) Brks.1 Slang. Get down stairs, little bag o' bones, DICKENS
O.Twist (1850 iv. (7) n.Yks. (I.W.) (8) nXin.1 swXin.1 Such
bother ! why it's all a bag o' moonshine. Nhp.1 It's all a bag of
moonshine. War.23,Oxf.1,Hnt.(T.P.F.). (9)Cum.Ahdooant care
a pin for aw t'bag-o-tricks o' them (J.D.). e.Yks.1 Noo then, tak
away all yer bag-o-thricks and give us some room. w.Yks. Aw
wished Nancy an' th' station-maister, an' all th' bag-o'-tricks,
at Jericho, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1879) 39; I' five hahrs all
t'beg a tricks wor burn'd to t'grund (JE.B.). Lan. Aw '11 chuck aw
th' bag o' tricks in fur a bob, New Wkly. (Jan. 19, 1895) 7, col. 3.
m.Lan.1 n-Lin.1 A young man lately ' broht in ' at chapel, prayed
for the conversion of his ' faather, muther, brothers an' sisters, an',
yea Loord, all th' bag o' tricks on 'em.' (10) Lei.1 What did your
master say about the wheat ? — Oh, only that I was to bring back
the bags with the strings.
[2. Bag, in commerce, ... a bag of almonds is about
3 hundred weight ; ... of goats-hair, from 2 to 4 hundred,
CHAMBERS Cycl. (1788) ; Bag [in traffic], a particular quantity
of some sort of commodities, as of pepper from i to 3
hundred weight, or hops, BAILEY (1755). 3. Bag, a cow's
udder, BAILEY (1770) ; So may thy cows their burden'd
bags distend, DRYDEN Virg. (1697) Ed. ix. 41 ; Thy ewes,
that wont to haue blowen bags, SPENSER Sh. Kal.
Feb. 81.]
BAG, v.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. [bag, baeg ;
w.Yks. beg.]
1. To swell, expand, bulge, distend ; sometimes with prep.
out.
BAG
[129]
BAGGAGE
Sc. (JAM.*! Wm.1 T'wo [wall] bags out. Yks. I have known cattle
bag under the jaws, KNOWLSON Cattle Doctor (1834) 64. e.Yks.1
Stf. I'm fair bagged, I can't ate another mossel, PINNOCK Bit. Cy.
Ann. (1895).
2. To yield or bend ; to ' give.'
Der. That plank is warped : it bags in the middle (H.R.) ; Der.1
A board or beam, when it yields or bends, is said to bag.
3. With prep, down : to droop, to hang loosely.
e.Yks.1 Bag-doon, like the festoon of a curtain.
4. With prep, up : to put into a bag and carry away.
Chs.1 War. (J.R.W.) Hrt. Leave to mow and bag up so many
half-acres of haulm or stubble, ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) VI. ii.
5. To put up hay in small heaps before putting it into cocks.
Rut.1
6. To assert a prior claim to anything.
w.Yks.3 The boy entering the bedroom first ' bagged the bowls,'
i. e. claimed the right of apportioning the washing apparatus.
Bags me to go in last ; he'll have to go over [thrash] five of you,
and he'll be pretty well tired by the time he comes to me, HOPE
My Schoolboy Friends. Chs.1 War.2 Bags me the top corner.
w.Som.1 In games it is usual to cry out ' Bags I fust go,' ' Bags
I thick,' &c. Dev. Bags ! — by this simple formula he had claimed the
cromlech as personal property to himself, BARING-GOULD /. Herring
(188814. Slang. It is agross breach of etiquette for anyone to take a
thing which has been verbally bagged, ./V. &Q. (1870) 4th S vi. 517.
7. To seize upon, appropriate, secure for oneself.
Lin.1 He bagged my money and went agaitsward. n.Lin. ', Brks.1
Dor.1 1 bagged some apples var to quench my drith, 159. w.Som.1
Used in a jocular sense, and not intended to convey the full force
of ' to steal.' Ee bagd aul dhur dhingz-n uyd um uwai' [he cribbed
all their things and hid them away]. Slang. The idea of being led
up to the Doctor for bagging fowls, quite unmans him, HUGHES
T. Broivn (1856) iv ; He bags another fellow's cap when he has
lost his own, A'. & Q. (1870) 4th S. vi. 517 ; Saying of a clever man
of business that he has bagged a good thing, COLLINS Thoughts
(1880") I. 163 (FARMER).
8. With prep, out : to dine away from home.
w.Yks. Used of farm servants taking their food away in the fields
(G.DO ; ' Bagging out ' is in use in Hlfx. parish (J.H.) ; w.Yks.2
8. To dismiss, discharge from employment ; to jilt.
Per. He bagget me aboot my business. I was bagget off (G.W.).
n.Yks. At t'lang last Jimmy telt em 'at t'master hed bagged him,
TWEDDELL Clevel. Rhymes (1892) 84. w.Yks. Hlfx. IVds. Lan.
When their sweethearts begin to tell "em that they've een like
diamonds, cheeks like rooases, . . . bag 'em at yance, ' EAVES-
DROPPER ' Vill. Life (1869) 62 ; He wur bagged for thieving game,
KAY-SHUTTLEWORTH Scarsdale (1860) III. 75 ; He says he shall
bag tha to-neet, MELLOR Poems (1865) 7 ; They should ha bin wed,
but he bagged her, STATON Rays fro' Loominary (c. 1861) 57 ;
Lan.1 He'll bag thi, as sure as thae'r wick, if thae comes late
again. m.Lan.1 Chs. He's been living at th' farm, but they've
bagged him (E.M.G.) ; Chs.1, Stf.1, nw.Der.1 Nhp.1 In common use.
Shr., Hrf. He is bagged, BOUND Prov. (1876). Cant. Life of
B. M. Carew (1791) Gl. [s.v. Sack],
10. With prep, off: to go away.
Hrt. I shall knock off work now, mister, as I want to bag off
home (H.G.).
[1. Bag, to swell like a bag, ASH (1795); Well, Venus
shortly bagged, and ere long was Cupid bred, Alb. Engl.
vi. 148 (NARES). Baggyn, lumeo, Prompt.}
BAG, v? Obsol. Lan. Chs. Lin. Nhp. War. Won Shr.
Hrf. Glo. Oxf. Suf. Ken. Wil.
1. To cut corn, peas, beans, &c., close to the ground with
a bagging-hook, q.v. See Badge, v?
n.Lin.1, Nhp.12 s.Wor. PORSON Quaint Wds. (1875) 2I- se.Wor.1
Shr. Pease are cut up or bagged with a bill or bagging-hook,
MARSHALL Review (1817) II. 246 ; Shr.2 Bagging pase [pease],
bagging fitches [vetches]. Hrf. DUNCUMB Hist. (1804); Hrf.12
Glo. To cut wheat close to the ground with the help of a ' pick-
thank' (A.B.); GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) ; Glo.1 Oxf. The
working-man, taking a hook in each hand, cuts [the pease] with
his right hand, and rolls them up with that in his left, which they
call bagging of pease, PLOT Oxfords/tire (1677) 256. Ken.1 Wil.
They cannot mow it with a sythe, but they cutt it with such a
hooke as they bagge pease with, AUBREY Nat. Hist. Wilts (c. 1697)
51, ed. Britton ; Wil.1
Hence (i) Bagging-bill, (2) Bagging-iron, see Bag-
ging-hook.
(i) Chs.3, Shr.2 (a) Suf. (F.H.)
VOL. I.
The female of the lump
mackerel, baggety, sand-eel,
A tribute granted to the
2. To cut stubble.
Lan. To cut stubble with the scythe and foot, MORTON Cyclo.
Agm.(iS63). War. Bagging stubble (J.R.W.). Oxf. ' Bagging
the haam ' is a well-known term and a necessary process after
reaping wheat, but it is not so much used as formerly (M.A.R.) ;
(K.) ; Oxf.1 MS. add.
3. To cut peat for fuel.
n-Lin.1
BAG, see Bog, Pag.
BAGA-ROOT, sb. Cor. One of the varieties of the
Swedish turnip, the Purple-top. See Baggie, sb.3
w.Cor. And I had twenty lases [Cor. perch] of baga-roots, THOMAS
Randigal Rhymes (1895) 6.
[The name is der. fr. the Lat. rutabaga. Of the eighteen
varieties of the Swedish turnip described by Mr. Lawson,
the Purple-top (Brassica campestris, napo-brassica ruta-
baga, of De Candolle) has long obtained the preference,
STEPHENS Bk. of the Farm (1855) I. 199.]
BAGATY, sb. Sc. (JAM.)
or sea owl, Cycloplerus lumpus.
Fif. The fish caught here are . . ,
&c., DYSART Statist. Ace. XII. 521.
BAGAVEL, sb. Obs. Dev.
citizens of Exeter by charter of Edward I, by which they
had the power of taxing all wares brought into the city
for sale.
Dev. In the Exeter Receiver-General's Accounts for 1752, ap-
pear the terms: Bagavel,Chippingavel, Beltingavel, and Wheelage,
Reports Provinc. (1895).
[Of the meaning of gavel in this word there is no doubt.
It is OE. gafol, tax, tribute. The meaning of the first
element is uncertain. BAILEY (1755) gives two forms :
Bdgavel or Betftiigavel.]
BAGE, see Bache.
BAGES, sb. pi. Hrf. [be'dgaz.] Clots, lumps.
Hrf. There's bages of butter all over it now (W.W.S.).
Wage, lit. a mark. The same word as ' badge ' (a mark,
a device), of which the Prompt, form is bage. OFr. bage
(GODEFROY).]
BAGGABONE, sb. Bdf. Dev. A vagabond.
Bdf. BATCHELOR Anal. Eng. Lang. (1809). nw.Dev. You lazy
young baggabone, I'll tan your hide for 'ee (R.P.C.) ; nw.Dev.1
[The word vagabond corr. fr. assoc. with bag o' bones.]
BAGGAGE, sb.1 Sc. Ess. Rubbish, worthless stuff.
Bnff.1 Abd. Bad tea would be called 'sic baggage' (G.W.).
Per. A number of useless things bought at a roup [auction] wascalled
' a lot of baggage' (G.W.). Ess. Obs. Foule priuiesare now to be
clensed and fide, Let night be appointed such baggage to hide,
TUSSER Hush. (1580) 58, st. 21.
[When brewers put no baggage in their beere, GAS-
COIGNE Steele Glas (1577) ed. Arber, 79 (DAV.). Fr. bagasse,
Sp. bagazo (Port, bagafo), remains of things which have
been squeezed or strained ; see HATZFELD.]
BAGGAGE, sb.2 Sc. Lin. Nhp. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Hmp.
Dev. [ba'gidg, bae-gidg.]
1. A term of reproach and depreciation applied chiefly
to women or children. Also, sometimes to oeggars.
Inv. (H.E.F.) Abd. She's an idle baggage (W.M.). n.Lin.1
Nhp.1 You good for nothing baggage. Shr.2 Yah ! you nasty im-
perint baggage. Hrf.2 Go away, you dirty baggage. Glo. A dirty
old baggage (S.S.B.). Hmp. (H.C.M.B.) Dev. And thee art a
. . . chockling Baggage, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 44 ; I sez you'm
a lyin' baggage, an' so you be, PHILLPOTTS Dartmoor (1895) 153 ;
Wat 'ee want, you g'oastly baggage, eh ? STOOKE Not Exactly, xi.
2. Used familiarly, playfully, or endearingly of a young
woman or a child.
n.Lin.1 Colloq. Beauty goes off in a huff. Let the baggage go !
SMITH Dreamthorpe (1863) 12 (FARMER).
[1. A baggage or souldiers punk, scortum caslrense,
ROBERTSON Phras. (1693) ; Bagasse, a baggage, quean,
fjrll, punk, flirt, COTGR. ; Y'are a baggage, SHAKS. T.
hrew, Induct, i. 3. 2. Many will marry their sons very
young to lusty baggages, on purpose to gain able servants,
NORTH Life Sir D. North (1744) 13. This word is
prob. the same as Fr. and Prov. bagasse, ' Terme injurieux,
fille publique, femme debauchee' (ROQUEFORT). Its
BAGGED
[130]
BAGLE
form is due to assoc. with baggage (sb.1), q.v. See
Baggish.]
BAGGED, ppl. adj. Chs. War. [bagd.] Of cows :
having an udder.
Chs.1 Go's a rare bagged un. s.Chs.1 War. (J.R.W.)
[A pp. der. fr. bag (sb. 3), q.v.]
BAGGER, sb. w.Yks. [be'ga(r).] A half-timer em-
ployed to fill bags with cocoon cases, for the purpose of
washing.
w.Yks. (S.K.C.)
BAGGERMENT, sb. Lin. [ba'gament.]
1. Nonsense, worthless talk.
Lin. THOMPSON Hist. Boston (1856) 698; Lin.1 Have none of
yer baggerment here. sw.Lin.1 He talked a lot of baggerment.
2. Rubbish, worthless things.
Lin.1 Your land is full of baggerment. sw.Lin.1 A lot of bagger-
ment and rubbish will grow, if nowt else will.
BAGGIE, sb.1 Sc. Nhb. [ba-gi.] The belly.
Ayr. Hae, there's a ripp to thy auld baggie, BURNS To his
AuldMare. Nhb.1
[Bag (sb. 4), q.v. + -ie (-y), dim. suff.]
BAGGIE, sb? Sc. Nhb. [ba'gi.]
1. A large minnow, Leuciscus phoxinus.
Sc. The minnow of the Solway area (G.W.) ; SATCHELL.
2. The stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus.
Nhb.1 Which boys call the baggie, Newcastle Dy. Chron. (Jan. 4,
1888).
3. Comb, (i) Baggie-mennon, a large minnow; (a)
•mention net, a net in which to catch minnows ; (3)
•menim, the three-spined stickleback.
Slk. (i) You beat the Major ! You micht at baggy mennons,
but he could gie ye a stone wecht either at trouts or fish, CHR.
NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) III. 48 ; (2) Sae takin a baggy-mennon
net he sallies out, ib. 179. (3) Nhb.1
BAGGIE, sb.3 Sc. Nhb. Also written bagie Nhb.1
One of the varieties of the Swedish turnip, the Purple-top.
See Baga-root
e.Lth. A wheen baggies, an' twa-three rows o' tatties, HUNTER
J. Jnwick (1895) 12. Nhb.1
BAGGING, sb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der.
Shr. Ess. (?) [ba'gin, bas-gin.]
1. Food, provisions.
Cum. Baggin . . . ready cuok'd is fetch'd, STAGG Misc. Poems
(1805) 136, ed. 1807 ; Gl. (1851). Wm.1 Hest to gitten thi baggin
wi tha ? w.Yks. For Him who has mi laddie sent He'll send his
baggin too, HARTLEY Ditties (1868) 57 ; They'd all gotten seeated
an wer reddy fer ther baggin, Dewsbre Olnt. (1880) 8 ; A drop
a reight oalsum good drink To hiz pipe az weel az hiz baggin,
TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1862) 46. Lan. Mae'st may
thy baggin of ass's milk and babby thumbs, KAY-SHUTTLEWORTH
Scarsdale (1860) II. 223 ; They should . . . goo beawt their bag-
gin for me, BEALEY Jottings (1865) 43 ; T'tell 'em to sit down
on th' grass, while He gen 'em their baggins wi' a meracle, LAKE
Longleat (1870) II. vi ; Before the men had finished their baggin',
BANKS Forbidden (1885) xxvi. Chs.1 It is the custom for the
master to provide bagging for his men during hay or corn harvest.
Ess. Mehalah provided him with ' baggings,' provision during his
absence, BARING-GOULD Mehalah (1885) 245.
2. Food taken between regular meals, (a) Food taken
in the forenoon, either breakfast or luncheon.
w.Yks. She adjures her repentant spouse never to call break-
fast ' bagging,' HAMILTON Nugae Lit. (1841) 313. Lan. With his
head on the rough knobby root of a tree, taking a snooze after his
baggin, KAY-SHUTTLEWORTH Scarsdale (1860) II. 28; The rest of
the tanners were eating their ' baggin,' BANKS Manch. Man
(1876) vi ; A woman came . . . with her husband's 'baggin,'
FOTHERGILL Hcaley (1884) xxv. e-Lan.1 Chs. Billy had getten
his breksfast an' his baggingk, CLOUGH B. Breskittle (1879) 4 ;
Chs.l s.Chs.1 St£2 The collier's term for his lunch. Shr.1
(b) The afternoon or evening meal ; tea.
w.Yks. Yks. Mag. (1871) I. 30. Lan. Tea and rum baggin,
BRIERLEY Layrock (1864) iii; It'll be breakfast, dinner, an' baggin'
for thee for awhile, ib. Irkdale (1865) 71, ed. 1868; Th' baggin
were ready, WAUGH Sngs. (1866) 27, ed. 1871 ; He did eita looaf
an' a peawnd o' ham an' three eggs at his baggin, FERGUSON
Moudywarfs Visit, 7. ne.Lan. Yo're just i' time fur baggin,
MATHER Idylls (1895) 209. Lan.1 In the afternoon, oatcake and
cheese, or butter, or oatcake and buttermilk, sufficed for bagging,
BAMFORD Iiitrod. Tim Bobbin (1850) 9. e.Lan.1 m-Lan.1 A werkin'
chap's baggin' is th' best meal as he hes, an' even thad gi's him
neetmare. Chs.1 Among the Macclesfield mill-hands breakfast and
tea are called baggin ; s.Chs.1, nw.Der.1
Hence Baggingless, without tea.
Lan. We'rn i' doubts as to whether we shouldno' ha' to f;o to
bed without supper, sayin nowt about bein bagginless, BRIERLEY
Ab-o'-th-Yate Yankeeland (1885) xv.
3. In comp. (i) Bagging-can, a can for holding tea, beer,
or milk, &c., used by labourers; (2) -time, the time at
which 'bagging' is taken, gen. either at ten o'clock in the
morning, or four in the afternoon.
(i) Lan. The women rushed out, and beat their bagging cans till
they were flattened, BAMFORD Walks (1844') 200; A can to hold
a pint or a little over, made with a deep lid or cover so as to be
used as a saucer (S.W.). (2) n.Cy. GROSE (1790). w.Yks. Hlfx.
Wds. Lan. Put th' tay-pot upo' th' oon, It's gettin on for baggin-
time, WAUGH Poems (1876) Neet-fo, st. a; At baggin-time we
getten a good meal, GASKELL M. Barton (1848) ix ; Piking nobs
o' sugar eawt o'th lay cups at baggin toime, Widder Bagshaw's
Trip (c. 1860) 15 ; When I called on her at,, bagging time,
N. & Q. (1873) 4th S. xi. 203. Chs.1 2 a ; s.Chs.1 Ut baag'intahym
dhey kum eyur [at baggin-time they come here], Ruth ii. 14.
nw.Der.1
[A vbl. sb. expressing the act of carrying food in
a bag.]
BAGGING-HOOK, sb. Chs. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf.
Glo. Hit. Ess. Ken. Sur. A curved hook resembling a
sickle with a smooth edge, used in cutting corn, peas,
beans, &c., and also for trimming hedges.
Chs.1 War.3 The bagging-hook takes various shapes, and the
technical names presumably denote the district in which they are
used, as the Abingdon bagging-hook, &c. se.Wor.1 Larger and
heavier than the sickle, and used with a chopping action. Shr. Pease
are cut up or bagged with a bill or bagging-hook, MARSHALL Review
(1817) II. 246. Hrf.2, Glo. (S.S.B.) Hrt. Baggin-hook (G.H.G.).
Ess.1 Ken. They use a bagging-hook for cutting crops (D.W.L.) ;
Ken.1 Very like a reaping hook, but with a square, instead of a
pointed, end. The handle is not in the same plane as the hook
itself, but parallel to it, thus enabling those who use it to keep their
hands clear of the hedge. Sur.1
BAGGISH, sb. Nhb. Cum. Yks. [ba'gif, be'gif.]
1. A term of reproach applied to women or children.
Nhb.1 Come oot ! ye baggish. Cum.1 e.Yks.1 Ivver si monny
awd baggishes gossapin i my hoose.
2. Applied familiarly or playfully to a woman or a child.
Cum. Whene'er the baggish sings, GRAHAM Gwordy(i^S) 1. 53;
Be duin ! leyle baggish ! I'll gie thee a slap, ANDERSON Ballads
(1802) 82, ed. 1840.
[Prob. der. fr. Fr. bagasse. See Baggage, sb.*]
BAGGIT, sb. Sc.
1. A feeble, sickly sheep.
Rxb. And what's to come o' the poor bits o' plotting baggits a'
winter, is mair nor I can tell, Brownie of Bodsbeck, I. 224 QAM.).
2. A contemptuous name for a child.
Rxb. (JAM.)
BAGGOT, sb. Nhb. A useless, contemptible person.
Nhb.1 It is applied to a little, vixenish child, or to a worthless
man. A drunken baggot. [Unknown to our correspondents. ]
BAGGY, sb. and adj. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Also written
baggie Sc. [ba'gi, be'gi.]
1. sb. A corpulent person.
Sc. (JAM.)
2. adj. Corpulent, big-bellied.
Sc. (JAM.) Bwk. Unbousome and baggie, HENDERSON Pop.
Rhymes (1856) 77. Nhb. A baggy man (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.1 n.Yks.
(I.W.)
3. Large ; hanging in loose folds.
n.Yks. His britches is rather baggy (I.W.).
[Bag (sb. 4), q.v. + -ie (-y), adj. suff.]
BAG HARVEST, phr. Obs.l e.An. A harvest when
the men board themselves, carrying their food in bags.
e.An.1 [Unknown to all our correspondents.]
BAGHASH, see Back-hash.
BAGHLY, see Bauchly.
BAGHT, adj. Obs. w.Yks. Timid, frightened.
w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. [Not known to our correspondents.]
BAGHT, see Bout.
BAGLE, see Beagle.
BAGLIN
BAIK-
BAGLIN, 56. Sc. A misgrown child.
Sc. JAM.) [Not known to any of our correspondents.]
BAG-MENNON, sb. Sc. A large minnow.
Sc. (JAM.) s.v. Baggie.
BAGMENT, sb. Lin. [ba'gment]
1. Rubbish, worthless things.
Lin. It's a strange thing that a man as calls hissen a preacher o'
th' gospel should fill his head with such bagment, PEACOCK 7?.
Skirlaugh (1870) II. 107. n-Lin.1
2. Foolish talk, nonsense.
n-Lin.1
Hence Bagmentally, adj. rubbishy, worthless ; usually
applied to persons.
Lin. He's a bagmentally chap, PEACOCK R. Shirlaugh (1870) III.
327. n.Lin.1
[Bag- of baggage (sb.1), q.v. + -ment, as in payment.}
BAGNET, v. Dor. [bae'gnat.] To pierce or stick
with a sharp instrument, not necessarily a bayonet.
Dor. ' Well — I can bagnet a few,anyhow,'said the miller, HARDY
Trumpet Major (1880) xxvi ; (O.P.C.)
[The same word as bagonet, q.v.]
BAGONET, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf. Der. War. Wor. Shr. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also
written baggonet,bagganet, bagginet, baganet, baginet,
bagnet, bagnat, baignet, bajonet. See below, [be'gnat,
ba'ganat, bse'ganat.]
1. A bayonet.
Abd. Sattle the minaisterat the point o' the baignet, ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb (1871) xviii. Ayr. Where baiginets o'erpower'd the
targe, BURNS Sheriffmuir, si. 3. Gall. Eyes with three-cornered
pupils that look at you like baggonets, CROCKETT Raiders (1894)
xxvii. s.Ir. I hear the jinketing of their . . . bagnets on the paving
stones, CROKER Leg. (1862) 352. Wxf. So many sensible people
together with pitchforks, and slanes, and bagnets, KENNEDY
Evenings Duffrey (1869) 68. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.) Nhb.
(W.G.), Dur.1, m. Yks.1 w.Yks. Nearly 200,000 guns and bagnets,
TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Trip ta London (1851) 48. Lan. What could
yo' do ... again sooards an' baginets ? BRIERLEY Waverlow (1863)
44, ed. 1884. Chs.1 s.Stf. Here comen the sojers wf bagnets an'
swerds, PINNOCK Bit. Cy. Ann. (1895). nw.Der.1, War. (J.R.W.).
se.Wor.1 Shr.2 Bajonet. Wil. His stinge as zharp as a baganet,
AKERMAN Tales (1853) 96. Dor. Bagnet is well known here
(H.J.M.). Som. Za vine with es bagginut, JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng.
(1869). w.Som.1 Au'l dhu soa'ujurz-d u-gaut dhur muus'kuts wai
dhu bag'unuts u-fik's [all the soldiers had their muskets with their
bayonets fixed]. Dev. Tha saujers wis all awmin cal'd up be
night, Way thare bagganit guns, NATHAN HOGG Poet. Lett. (1847)
26, ed. 1858 ; When I was in the Tavistock Local Fencibles I
always car'd a virelock and a bagginett, PASMORE Stones (1893) 4,
Cor.12 [New Eng. That peace, to make it stick at all, Must be
druv in with bagnets, LOWELL Ed. Creed, st. 12.]
2. A tall grass growing in the water.
IT. (E.M.)
[This repr. an old pron. of bayonet. The word is der.
fr. the Fr. bayonnette, a great knife to hang at the girdle,
like a dagger (CoTGR.). In the Land. Gaz. (1692), No.
2742, this knife is called a baggomt (N.E.D.).]
BAGPIPES, sb. pi. Yks. Nhp. The labourer's name
for a thrashing flail.
n.Yks. Those famous old bagpipes, contrasted with the gin-horse
driven [thrashing] machine, and the steam thrasher, TWEDDELL
Hist. Cleveland (1873) 68. Nhp.1
BAGREL, sb. Sc. (JAM.)
1. A minnow.
Slk. Baiting a hook for a bagrel, Perils of Men, III. 382.
2. Applied to persons or animals that are corpulent and
not otherwise well-grown. Also attrib.
Sc. He's a bagrel body. Rxb.
3. A child.
Dmf.
[Bag, sb. 4 + -rel (-erel), dim. suff. as in mongrel, cockerel,
hoggerel.]
BAGRIE, sb. Obsol. Sc. Trash, worthless rubbish.
Sc. I sigh when I look on my threadbare coat, And shame fa" the
gear and the bagrie o't, HERD Coll. (1866) II. 19 (JAM.). Per. Orra
bagrie (G.W.).
BAGS, sb.1 pi. Obs. Lin. The upper part of peat,
intermixed with roots of grass, cut for fuel.
nw.Lin. In current use 40 or 50 years ago. Since then peat-
cutting has not been carried on, and the word has fallen out of
use (A. A.). n-Lin.1 It is laide in paine that none of the said inhabi-
tantcs shall grave or shote any bagges beneath Micklehouses or
Triplinghouses, or beneath any sik, betwene them in paine of
every load to the contrarie, xiia, Scatter Manor Roll (Oct. n,
1599) in Arch. XLVI. 388. Bagmoor, near Burton-upon-Stather,
possibly derives its name from these bags. There is a place called
Newington Bagpath, in Gloucestershire. The spot on which the
battle of the Standard was fought was, it is affirmed, at one time
called Bagmore, perhaps because bags were wont to be cut
there.
BAGS, sb.2 pi. Obs. Chs. Old name for the commercial
traveller, who used to carry his samples with him on
horseback, in a pair of saddle-bags.
Chs.3
BAGSKIN, sb. Chs. [ba'gskin.] The stomach of a
calf cleaned, salted, and cut up, used for curdling milk in
the process of cheese-making.
Chs.1 The stomach of a calf cleaned and laid in salt, used for
curdling the milk in the process of cheese-making. Bagskins are
dried by stretching them upon pieces of stick, in which form they
are cleaner, and can be kept almost any length of time. Some
dairy-maids prefer them wet, and some dry. The preparation of
the bagskins is almost a special branc^h of trade. It is thus de-
scribed by Sir Henry Holland in his General View of the Agriculture
of Cheshire (1801) : ' When it [the maw-skin] comes from thebutcher,
the chyley matter is taken out, and the skin cleared from slime
and every apparent impurity, by wiping or a gentle washing; the
skin is then filled nearly full of salt, and placing a layer of salt
upon the bottom of a mug, the skin is laid flat upon it ; the mug
is large enough to hold three skins in a course : each course of
skins should be covered with salt, and when a sufficient number
of skins are thus placed in the mug, that mug should be filled up
with salt, and with a dish or slate over it, be put into a cool place,
till the approach of the cheese-making season, in the following
year. The skins are then all taken out, laid for the brine to drain
from them, and being spread upon a table, they are powdered on
each side with fine salt, and are rolled smooth with a paste roller,
which presses in the salt ; after that, a thin splint of wood is
stuck across each of them, to keep them extended while they are
hung to dry.' Chs.2 s.Chs.1 Also called Steep-skin.
[Bag, sb. 4 + skin.}
BAGWAME, sb. Obsol. Sc. A silly, greedy fellow.
Sc. Not gen. known (G.W.). Slk. QAM.)
[Bag, sb. 4 + wame (womb, stomach).]
BAGWESH, sb. Cum. [ba'gwej.] Wreck, ruin,
bankruptcy.
Cum. Teh be bangt oa teh bagwesh be t'papers, fairly capt meh,
SARGISSON Joe Scoap (1881) 65 ; Aa's gafin ta bagwesh (J.W.O.) ;
Cum.1 He's gone to bagwesh.
BAHANGS, adv. Obsol. Nrf. Suf. Of clothes:
hanging down untidily, ragged at the bottom.
e-An.1 Nrf. Obsol. or obs. (A.G.F.) ; Nrf.1 Suf. ' Her clothes
are all bahangs; she'll soon be a draggle-tail.' This was given
me by an old man who says that people expressed themselves so
in his youth (F.H.).
[Back + hangs, adv. fr. hang (sb.), q.v.]
BAHFAM, BAHFIN, see Bargham.
BAHM, see Barm.
BAIBLE, v. w.Sc. (JAM. Suppl.) [be'bl.] To sip
often, tipple ; to drink carelessly, with spilling.
Hence Baibling, ppl. adj. tippling, ' boozing.'
BAICHIE, sb. ? Obs. Sc. (JAM.) A child ; used
rather contemptuously.
Per. Cld. Nearly obs.
[Batch is used in this sense in Polwarfs Flyting:
They bad that baich should not be but (without) ... all the
plagues that first were put Into Pandora's purse, WATSON
Coll (1706) III. 13.]
BAICHIE, v. n.Sc. (JAM.) To cough.
[Unknown to our correspondents.]
BAIGLE, v. Sc. (JAM.)
1. Of a child : to run or walk with short steps.
Slk.
2. To walk slowly, as if much fatigued.
Slk. [Not known to our correspondents.]
BAIK-, see Back-.
89
BAIKEN
[132]
BAILIE
BAIKEN, sb. Sc. (JAM.) A burden ; used only ol
skins or hides.
Slk. ' A baiken of skins ' or ' hides.'
BAIKIE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Also written baaky Nhb.1
bakie Sc. ; byeakie Nhb.1 [be'ki.]
1. The stake to which an ox or cow is bound in the
stall.
Sc. (JAM.) ; MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863^.
2. A piece of wood with rope attached to tie up a cow
to the stake.
Lth. A piece of curved wood, about 18 ins. long, with a hole in
each end of it, through which a rope passes to fix it to the stake
below (JAM.). Nhb.1 The upright portion of a wooden cattle band
formerly in use. It was attached by a loose joint to a bent wooden
band called a frammelt.
3. The stake of a tether.
Abd. If the stake, provincially termed a baikie, be not frequently
removed, the cattle tread down a great proportion of the grass,
Agric. Sum. 355 (JAM. ).
4. Comp. (i) Baikie-stick. a piece of wood attached to a
cow's neck ; (2) -tow, a rope for tying up a cow.
Nhb.1
BAIKIE, see Backie.
BAIKINS, sb. pi. Sc. QAM.) A beating, a drubbing.
Slk. [Not known to our correspondents.]
[Cp. G. baken, to strike, bruise, esp. flax (GRIMM,
SANDERS).]
BAIKLET, sb. Sc. QAM.) Also written becklet.
1. An under-waistcoat or flannel shirt, worn next the
skin.
Rxb.. Dinf.
2. A piece of linen, sometimes of woollen dress, formerly
worn above the shirt of a very young child.
Twd.
BAIL, sb.1 Yks. Lan. Nhp. Hrt. Nrf. Suf. Ken. Sus.
Hmp. Also written bale n.Yks.2 Nhp.1 Hrt. e.An.1 ; bayl
Suf. ; beel w. Yks. ; biel w.Yks. ; beild w.Yks.1 [bel, bD,
bial.J
1. The curved handle of a bucket, pail, pot, or kettle.
See Bule.
n.Yks.a The bowed handle of a metal porridge-pot. w.Yks.
The curved handle of a mug, teapot, &c. A stael is a straight
handle, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Dec. 27, 1890) ; This pot has a funny
shap d beel on, ib. (Dec. 13, 1890) ; Only the handle of pots and
pans, as opp. to steel, steyl, the straight handle of implements
like brushes, spades, hammers, &c. (J.W.D.); Hlfx. Wds. Lan.
Hats on summat like porritch pons th' wrong end up, an' th' beels
undher ther chins, Accrington Times (May 16, 1868). Nhp.1 The
staples that the bale hooks into are called ears. The frosty
morning bites as sharp as fire, The rime e'en blisters on the
bucket bale, CLARE Poems (1820). e.An.1, Nrf.1 Nrf., Suf MOR-
TON Cyclo Agric. (1863). Suf. To this day the Suffolk labourer
tells his lad to 'tak' hou'd o' the pail by the bayl,' or semi-circular
iron handle which falls down on the side of the pail,^V & Q (1886)
nr\ S>PXM ¥ °v' I?AINBIR?I ASric- (18I9) 287, ed. 1849. Ken.
(K.) ; (P.M.); Ken.1 Sus. HOLLOWAY ; Sus.1, Hmp.1
2. A handle or bow attached to a scythe.
„ Hrt> Jhe si'he with a bale fixed to it, ELLIS Mod. Husb. (IKO)
V. 11. 16. e.An.1 A slight withy stick or rod, bent so as to form a
bow, and attached to the scythe stick. Nrf.i Nrf., Suf. MORTON
Cyclo. Agnc. (1863). Suf. RAINBIRD Agric. d8i9) 287, ed. 1840
Sus. HOLLOWAY.
3. The straight handle of a milk-pail ; the handle of a
w.Yks. The handle of a ' skeel ' [milk-pail] formed by leavinc
SSfiS i StaVES Pr°Jeetine ab°ve the others. Wa'ahs brokkan
t beild, lass ? LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) 31 • w Yks *
[About the same vessel [kettle] binde this . . .'to the
rr r^ ^ °f> JOP5ELL Serfmts ^l6°7) ?6?
Cp. Dan. bftle, a bar ; Norw. dial, bygla ( AASEN) •
3 SW°rd ; SW' diaL Mgd> bos*ed>
BAIL, sb? Irel. Nhp. Nrf. Suf. Hmo NZ Akn
written bale Wxf. Nhp.1 [bel.]
1. A frame to which cows are tied in the byres
to^ ^hen m.lking is over, we of the rougher make are invited
to bear a hand ,„ fastenmg up the cows in their bales, KENNEDY
Banks Boa, (1867) 204. w.Wxf. (P.J.M.) Nrf, Suf. MORTON
Cyclo. Agric. (1863"!. [N.Z. To milk her it was . . . necessary to
put her in the bail — an arrangement which secures the head of the
cow in somewhat the same manner as some of the old-fashioned
instruments of punishment used to secure the head of a man
BARLOW Kaipam (1888) xiii.]
2. A hanging bar to separate horses in a stable.
Nhp.1, Hmp.1 [The simple bails afford a very insufficient security
against the thefts of a neighbour, YOUATT The Horse (1830 135.]
BAIL, sb? Irel. Yks. Pem. Nrf. Also written bale
Nrf.1 A bucket or small vessel used on board ship for
emptying out water.
[Bayle, an old term for bucket, SMYTH Sailor's Word-bk (1861")
(N.E.D.).]
Hence (i) Bail out, v. to remove water from a boat,
with a small bucket or vessel ; in gen. use ; (2) Bailer, sb.
a vessel or bucket for bailing out water.
(i) w.Yks. BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865). Nrf.1 (a) N.I.1 s.Pem.
(W.M.M.)
[The gentlemen likewise saw the bail of a canoe . . .
made of a human skull, COOK Voy. (1790) 1. 157. Fr. bailie,
'(Marine). Grand baquet en forme de cone trouque'
(HATZFELD). Borrowed fr. Bret, bal (or bail/), a pail (Du
RUSQUEC).]
BAIL, v. Sh.l. Irel. Lan. Aus. Also written bale
Irel. Lan. [bel.] With prep, up : to tie up, fasten. In
imp., a command to cows : stand still !
S. & Ork.1 Crl. (P.J.M.) Lan. Why, wheer did yo' find th'
cows ?— Wheer should I find 'em, lad, but baled up as I laft 'em
this afternoon ? LAHEE Acquitted (1883) 62. [N.Z. A distant noise
of yelping, barking, and grunting reached our ears. 'Come along!
they have got a pig bailed up!' cried Mr. C excitedly, BARLOW
Kaipara (1888) xii ; It is a boar, one of the largest any of us ever
saw, and he is now bailed up below the great tree, HAY Brighter
Britain (1882). Aus., N.S.W. One of the young cows was a bit
strange with me, so I had to shake a stick at her and sing out
'Bail up' pretty rough before she'd put her head in, BOLDREWOOD
Robbery (1888) III. xiv ; Some old hand like father, as had been
assigned to a dairy settler, and spent all his mornings in the cow-
yard, had taken to the bush and tried his hand at sticking-up
people When he wanted 'em to stop ' Bail up, d— yer,' would
come a deal quicker and more natural-like to his tongue than
' Stand.' So ' bail up ' it was from that day to this, ib.]
Hence Bailing-up pen, sb. a place for fastening up cattle.
[Aus. Alec was proud of the stockyard, and pointed out ... the
superior consiruction of the ' crush,' or branding lane, and the
bailing-up pen, PRAED Romance of Station, I. ii.]
BAILCH, sb. Sc. Also written belch, bilch (JAM.).
1. A very fat or lusty person, breathless from cor-
pulence.
n.Sc. (JAM.) Abd. Nae bursen bailch, nae wandought or mis-
grown, But snack and plump and like an apple round, Ross
Helenore (1768) 14, ed. 1813.
2. A brat; a contemptuous term for a child. Cf.
belshagh.
Cai. (JAM.)
BAILEY, sb. Ken. Also written baily Ken.12 A
court within a fortress.
Ken." The level green place before the court at Chilham Castle,
between the little court and the street, is so called.
[This is a late use of ME. baily, the external wall
enclosing the court of a feudal castle, pere stonden bre
bailyes wiboute bat wel kepen bat castel From arwe shet
& quarel, Curs. M. (c. 1300) 10034.]
M?A£IE' sb- Sc' IreL Cum. Win. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf.
Nhp. War. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Brks. Ess. Ken. Hmp. Dor. Som.
Dev. Also written baalee Wxf.1; baayley Brks.1;
bailey Lan Nhp.1 Shr.2 War. Glo.1; baillie Ayr. Lnk.
Wm.» Lan.1; baily Cum. ne.Lan.1 Chs.1 Shr. Hrf. Ken.1
b T'b'°n m'' bealie Cum-; bealy Dev. [be'li,
1. A municipal officer or magistrate, corresponding to an
p C\ FretLand safe as a Wh'S bail'e, SCOTT Bride of Lan,.
1819) x; The bailies and councillors danced bare-headed in our
BAILIER
BAINSOME
There's not Luck; To the folks of Dun Edin the douce baillie
spoke, The People (June 16, 1889) 13, col. 3 ; Town councillors are
elected in burghs by the citizens who pay not less than a certain
rental. From the councillors the bailies are chosen. They have
seats on the civic bench and police courts, &c. (A.W.) Fif. They
made him a councillor and bailie in one day, ROBERTSON Provost
( 1894) 132 ; Takes his seat i' the bailie's loft on Sabbath day,
TENNANT Anster (1812) St. 18. Ayr. Ye're ettling at the magis-
tracy, and I'll no let ye rest if ye dinna mak' me a bailie's wife or
a' be done, GALT Provost (1822) ii. Lnk. I'll bring ye afore a' the
baillies o' Glasgow for runnin' off wi' my muckle bundle, FRASER
Whaups (1895) xv. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.)
2. A bailiff or sheriff's officer, appointed to serve writs
and make arrests and executions. Also called Bum-
bailey, q.v.
Cum. But suin for that job he was teane by the beaylies,
GILPIN Sngs. (1866) 404 ; A shottle the bealies hae ta'en, ib.
Ballads (1874) I5°- Wm.1 They've gitten t'baillies et' hoose.
w.Yks. Be gat sa bakad wit rent, wol t'lanload sent bealiz (J.W.).
Lan. I dud hear at once th' baillies were in his heawse, WAUGH
Rambles in Lake Cy. (1861) iii ; Owd Billy o' Dans sent th' bailey
one day, GASKELL M. Barton (1848) iv. ne.Lan1, Chs.13, Nhp.1
War. I sent Luke directly they'd put the bailies in, GEO. ELIOT
Floss (1860) I. 319. Shr.2 Dor. Wi sich a lot o' pigs in sty, The
Bailies you mid well defy, YOUNG Eclogue (1862) 28. w.Som.1
Who's the bailie to the County Court, now th' old "s dead ?
3. A bailiff, steward, superintendent of a farm or estate.
Sc. Had such a formidable effect upon the frame of Duncan
Macwheeble, the Laird's confidential factor, baron-baillie, and man
of resource, SCOTT Waverley (1814) vi. Stf.2 My feyther's gotten
two farms na, bur'e's goin put a beeli i' th' owd un. War.2 Shr.1
His duties are very multifarious : he gives directions to the men
under him ; where there is not a shepherd he manages the flocks,
he shears the sheep, measures hedges, sows broadcast, leads the
field in harvest, &c. Aye, Bayly 'ere, an' Bayly theer, as if I could
be i' twenty places at once. I dunna know who'd be Bayly. Shr.,
Hrf. BOUND Prov. (1876). Hrf. (W.W.S.), Glo.1, Brks.1 Ess.
Make husbandrie bailie, abrode to prouide, TUSSER Husbandrie
(1580) 20, st. 18. Ken.1 At a farm, in what is called ' a six-horse
place," the first four horses are under the charge of the wagoner
and his mate, and the other two of an under-baily. Hmp.1 Dor.
She went out again to see all was safe, as she usually do, and
coming in found Baily Pennyways creeping down the granary steps
with half a bushel of barley, HARDY Madding Crowd (1874) viii.
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825% n.Dev. Who shud be
hard by ... bet tha Square's bealy, F.xnt. Scold. (1746) 1. 170.
4. An under-manager of pottery-works.
Stf.2 Ar Sail's doin foine and well, 'er"s married one o' th' beelies
on Wedgwood's potbonk.
5. Comp. (i) Bailie-boy, a boy employed on large farms to
take messages and make himself generally useful ; (2)
Baillie days, days in which farmers were bound to labour
for their lairds, and work under the supervision and orders
of the bailiff or steward; (3)Banff-baillies,the large white
clouds called cumuli.
(i) Ken. (D.W.L ) ; The farmer's orderly or Serjeant, sent to see
if things are in order and to do odd jobs. There is on most farms
an odd man called ' all-works," but a bailie-boy only on the largest
(W.F.S.) ; Boy under the immediate commands of the bailiff to
assist him by carrying messages and generally doing odd jobs for
him (P.M.) ; Ken.12 Boy employed by the farmer to go daily over
the ground, and to see that everything is in order, and to do every
work necessary [sic], (a) Sc. Obs. in the Lowlands, but still common
in many districts of the Highlands and Islands (JAM. Suppl.). (3)
Bnff.1
6. A clever man.
Wxf.1
[1. Schireffis, prouestis, and bailyeis, LINDSAY (1592)
166 QAM.) ; Schyrreffys and bailjheys maid he then, And
alkyn othir officeris, BARBOUR Bruce (c. 1375) '• I9°- Fr.
bailli, a magistrate appointed within a province (CoxcR.).
OFr. baillif. 2. Heer faste by, quod he (the Somnour), is
myn entente To ryden, for to reysen up a rente That long-
eth to my lordes duetee.— Artow thanne a bailly?— Ye,
quod he, CHAUCER C. T. D. 1392. 3. Ther was a riche
man that hadde a baili. . . . The lord preiside the baili of
wickydnesse, WYCLIF (1388) Luke xvi. i, 8.1
BAILIER, sb. Dur.Yks. [be-lia(r).] A bailiff or sheriff's
officer.
Dur.1 n.Yks. He'd getten t'bailier's in for rent, BROWNE Yk.
Minster Screen (1834) I. 146. m.Yks.1 w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl.
(July 18, 1891).
[Bailie, sb. 2 + -er. For the needless addition of this
suffix cp. upholsterer (for upholdster), and poulterer (for
poulter}.]
BAILIERY, sb. Sc. Also written baillierie, bailary
(JAM.). The extent of the jurisdiction of a bailie or
sheriff.
Sc. Quhiles thou, whiles I, so goes the bailleri, RAY Prov.
(1678)399; GAM.)
[Bailie, sb. \ + -ry (-rie), Fr. suff. ; cp. Juiverie, the
Jewry.]
BAILIFF, sb. Stf. An under-manager of pot-works.
Stf.1 [According to our correspondents, always in form bailie, q.v.]
BAIN, adj. and adv. Irel. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Not. Nrf. Suf. Also written bane Cum.1 Wm. Yks.
m.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 Not. ; been Wxf.1 Lan.1 e.Lan.1 [ben,
bean, bian.]
1. adj. Flexible, lithe, pliant ; fig. nimble, clever.
Wxf.1 Lan. GROSE (1790) ; Lan.1, e.Lan.1, e-An.1 Nrf. GROSE
(1790); Nrf.1 Suf. Limber-jointed, that can bend easily, BAILEY
(1721); (K.); (P.R.); RAY (1691); Suf.1
2. Ready, willing ; officious.
n.Cy. (K.), N.Cy.2, Cum.1 Wm. PoorGeordie! hewasagraadly
bain fellow, HUTTON Bran New Wark (1785) 1. 375. w.Yks.
HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781): Very bain about one, THORESBY
Lett. (1703) ; w.Yks.4 ne.Lan.1
3. Of a road : convenient, direct, near.
N.Cy.1 Dur.1 Bainer way, a nearer way. Cum. He was ganging to
his oan 'heaf,' bainest way, was tip, Helvellyn in Cornh. Mag.
(Oct. 1890) 383 ; Nea sneaking suitor frae his lass, Tho' this were
e'er sea bain, But snaiped wi' fear o' goblins dire, Another gait has
taen, STAGG Misc. Poems (1805) 75, ed. 1807 ; An' I kna' neeah
rooad as bain or breet, GILPIN Ballads (1874) 215 ; Cum.1 Yon's
t'bainest way ; Cum.3 Cockermuth's ooar reg'lar market — it's a
gay bit t'bainer, 17. Wm. (J.M.) ; A swind mi ways t'banest
geeat ower t'fell inta Sleddle, Spec. Dial. (18681 n ; HOLLOWAY.
n.Yks.123, ne-Yks.1 e.Yks. THOMPSON Hist. Welton (1869) 168.
w.Yks. (S.P.U.); WILLAN List Wds. (1811) ; This is t'baner way
(F.P.T.); A bain cut to Kettlewell, HARPER Wharfedale (1869)
20 ; LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) ; w.Yks.34, Lan.1, ne.Lan.1.
Chs.123 Not. This is the gainest way, but that is the bainest [one
may be the most convenient, but the other is the nearest]
(W.H.S.).
4. adv. Near, near to, adjacent. Sometimes used as prep.
Wm. A child is ' bain to watther' whose tears are near the surface
(J.M.). m. Yks.1 It's as bane again that gate [it's as near again that
way], w.Yks. It wad be a varra gradely mak o' a bran new house,
or bane to it, DIXON Craven Dales (1881) 185 ; Bane ta Claapam
town-end lived an aud Yorkshire tike, INGLEDEW Ballads (1860)
160 ; He lives bane Jim Smith's (W.F.) ; Bain Grain Beck, LUCAS
Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) ; His garden is varry bain [not far
from his home] (J.T.) ; w.Yks.1 Thou knaws, Bridget, we're vara
baan tot' beck, ii. 392. Lan. My dowter weyves bane to her,
and heerd o' 'ut hoo sed, N. & Q. (1868) 4th S. i. 259. Lan.1
Not. (J.H.B.)
[1. Beyn or plyaunte, flexibilis, Prompt. 2. Bain,
willing, forward, BAILEY (1770) ; Bayne, promptus, obse-
quens, LEVINS Manip. (1570) ; John, be aught with harte
and will To be full bayne To do his bidding, York Plays
(c. 1400) ; If I in littil find be bain, Cursor M. (c. 1300)
28806. ON. beinn, straight, direct.]
BAIN, see Bane.
BAINGE, v. Glo. Also written bange Glo.12 To
bask.
Glo.(W.H.C); GROSE MS. add. (1790) (H.); (H.S.H.); Glo.12
A gamekeeper's word, to express the basking and dusting them-
selves by feathered game.
[Fr. baigner, to bathe, cp. PALSGR. : I baske, I bathe in
water or any lycour, Je baigne.}
BAINSOME, adj. Yks. [be-nsam.]
1. Near at hand.
n.Yks.2
2. Obliging, helpful.
n.Yks.1 Applied to persons, as a waiting-maid, a personal at-
tendant. As bainsome a lass as iwer Ah seen.
[Bain, adj. + -some.]
BAINSTICKLE
[i34]
BAIRN
BAINSTICKLE, see Banstickle.
BAINT, see Be.
BAIRGE,1 sb. and v. Sc.
1. sb. The voice used loudly either in speaking, weeping,
or calling.
Bnff.1 She geed oot wee a bairge o' a greet. Gee a bairge after
'irn, an' tell 'im t'come seen back.
2. A person who raises his voice in a strong, loud
manner.
Bnff.1 Fah wid hae him for a minister ? He's jist a mere bairge,
fin he preaches ; an' it croons a', fin he praies.
3. v. To raise up the voice in a loud manner.
Sc. To scold, rail, or taunt loudly ; also to drive about like one in
anger. She jist likes to gae bairgin about (JAM.). Bnff.1 He jist
bairges fin he reads.
Hence Bairgan, (i) vbl. sb. the action of raising the
voice loudly ; (2) ppl. adj. having the habit of raising the
voice loudly either in speaking or weeping.
(i) Bnff.1 He hauds a sair bairgan o' a'thing intill's lug. He's
unco dull o' hearin'. (2) Bnff.1 He's a bulliein', bairgin' bairn,
that o' yours. The new minister hiz a bairgin' wye o' readin'.
BAIRGE,2 sb. and v. Slk. 1. sb. An affected bobbing
walk. 2. v. To walk with a jerk or spring upwards.
3. Abd. To strut QAM.).
BA1RMAN, see Bareman.
BAIRN, sb. and v. Sc. Irel. and all the n. counties to
Chs. Der. Lin. ; also Lei. Also written barn Cum.1
Wm.1 ne.Yks.1 w.Yks. Lan.1 ne.Lan.1 Chs.13 Der.1 Lin.
Lei. ; barne Cum. Yks. Lan. Lin. ; bayn e.Yks.1 ; bayrn
Nhb. [bern, bean, ban.]
1. sb. A child.
Sh.I. An laves da weedow an her bairns Scarce oucht beside
dir grief, BURGESS Rasmie ( 1892) 43. Sc. It wad better set you
to be nursing the gudeman's bairns than to be deaving us here,
SCOTT Waverley (1814) xxx ; We are a' one man's bairns, ib. Leg.
Mont. (1830) iv ; A tarrowing bairn was never fat. Auld men
are twice bairns, RAMSAY Prov. (1737). Bnff. There, woman,
there's yer bairn ! but for God's sake keep him awa frae yon place,
SMILES Sc. Natur. (1876) I. 7. Frf. The trudge between the two
houses must be weary work for a bairn, BARRIE Licht (1893) 3.
Per. Chose a site for the bairns in the sweet pine-wood, IAN MAC-
LAREN Brier Bush (1895) 5. Ayr. I winket to the mistress to
take the bairns to their bed, GALT Provost (1822) vii. Gall. I
talked to the bairns for a wee, CROCKETT Stickit Mm. (1893) 63.
N.I.1 n.Cy. Let the bairns and women fly, While we thirty win
or die, TODD Ballads (1895); (K.); N.Cy.1* Nhb. Pier bairn,
and she's cum to t'yage when a muther's maist missed, CLARE
Love of Lass (1890) I. 49; Me muthor's bairns gat kaingry wiv
us, ROBSON Sng. Sol. (1859) i. 6; Nhb.1 A bit bairn is a little
child. The pronunciation is sometimes lengthened, and a mother
is heard to call ' Gan upto the barin ! ' or' Mind the baiorin ! ' Dur.1
Cum. The peer peer bairn does oft complain, BLAMIRE Poet. Wks.
(c. 1794) 156, ed. 1842; The prattlin bairns rin toddlin roun,
ANDERSON Ballads (1808) 30 ; Cum.1 Wm. An bits a barns are
larnin ta thresh, Spec. Dial. (1868) 17 ; Billey's a courageous barn,
HUTTON Dial. Storth andArnside (1760) 1. 49. n.Yks.12s, ne.Yks.1
e.Yks. Pawky bayns Ah can't abide, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889)
51 : e.Yks.1 To wet bayne heead, to drink the health of a new-
born child, MS. add. (T.H.) [See Head.~\ m-Yks.1 w.Yks. For
love o' the nurse, th' bairn gets mony a cuss, Prov. in Brighouse
News (July 23, 1887) ; You need not fret about the lile barn,
BANKS Wooers (1880) I. iii ; What wi' lewkin' after t'barns an'
dryin' hippins, CODWORTH Sketches (1884) n; w.Yks.1 Daddy's
barn [a child like its father] ; w.Yks.234; w.Yks.5 Awlus t'moast
wark whear ther's t'moast barns. n.Lan. Peggy Wilson was lettin
her lile barn sowk when she heard on't ; an i' her horry she
shov'd t'barn int'l an aid brek ubben, MORRIS Siege o' Brou'ton
(1867)5. Lan.1, ne.Lan.1 Chs.^ Word barn is occasionally heard,
but is probably an importation from Yks. Der.1 Lin. Ho'd
yer noise, bairns, can't ye, Gilbert Rugge (1866) I. 35; But 'e
coom'd thruf the fire wi' my bairn i' 'is mouth to the winder
theere, TENNYSON Owd Roa, &c. (1889). n.Lin. If oor Polly weds
Jack, an hes a bairn, PEACOCK Tales and Rhymes (1886) 61 ;
n-Lin.1 Theare's moore bairns then business agaate noo. sw-Lin.1
She left the poor bairn in the creddle. Lei.1
2. Comp. (i) Bairn-ailments, children's disorders • (z)
-bairn, grandchild ; (3) -bed, the womb ; (4) -birth, con-
finement ; (5) -darts, children's sweetmeats ; (6) -clothes
baby-linen ; (7) -clouts, baby-clothes, dolls' clothes ; (8)
-cures, medicines for infants ; (9) -dole, see -part ; (10)
•fond, child-loving; (n) -gam, see -lake; (12) -heead,
childhood ; (13) -lake, child's play, see Lake, Bairn-
lakings ; (14) -lile, early infancy ; (15) Bairn's-pan, a pan
for preparing a child's food ; (16) -part, inheritance ; (17)
•piece, bread and cheese offered to those who visit or meet
a baby; (18) -play, child's play ; (19) -seek, sick from
pregnancy; (20) -sign, evidence of being in the family
way ; (21) -skep, a shallow basket for baby-linen ; (22)
-time, the time of life for child-bearing ; (23) -weean or
•wife, the woman that has been confined ; (24) Bairn's-
woman, a child's nurse, a dry nurse.
(i) n.Yks.2 (2) ib. m.Yks.1 More commonly graon-be'h'n and
graan-baa'n. ne.Lan.1 (3) n.Yks.1 She's getten a swelling o'
t'bairn-bed [a tumour of the uterus] ; n.Yks.2 (4) n.Yks.12 (5)
n.Yks.2 (6) ib. (7) Gall. An' ye can help Jean to sew her bairn-
clouts, CROCKETT Moss-Hags (1895) iv. n.Yks.2 Dolls' clothes.
(8) ib. (9) m.Yks.1 (10) n.Yks.2 A desperate bairn-fond body
[agreat lover of children]. m.Yks.1 (n) n.Yks.2 [As term of con-
tempt :] It's all bairn-gam. (12) ib. (13) Lan.1 (14) w.Yks.1
Brout up fray barn lile to t'ministry, ii. 323. (15) Sc. Bairn's-pan,
a small pan of tinned iron, for hastily warming a child's meat (JAM.).
(16) n.Yks.2 They gat ower an aboon their bairn-paarts [more than
they were entitled to as the children of the deceased]. m.Yks.1
(17) Fif. A wine-biscuit, topped with cheese, was neatly wrapped
up in a Cambric handkerchief. . . . Nellie said (to the first person she
met on her way), ' Ye maun tak the bairn's piece,' . . . and she
thrust the contents of the handkerchief into the old man's hand,
ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 56 ; Both term and custom now obs. in
the above form, although still, when people call to see a new baby,
they are often offered bread and cheese (A.W.). (18) Nhb.1,
Dur.1 n.Lin.1 I call this croakey [croquet] that gentlefoaks is soa
fond on noht but bairn-play. (19) n.Yks.2 (20) ib. (21) ib. (22)
Sc. (JAM.) Gall. Where I had sic a sweet bairn-time, CROCKETT
Moss-Hags (1895) xi. Cum.1, n.Yks.2, ne.Lan.1 (23) n.Yks.2
(24) Sc. (JAM.) Ayr. The only servant ... he could afford to
retain was Maudge Dobbie, who in her youth was bairnswoman to
his son, GALT Entail (1823) i.
3. A female child, a girl.
N.Cy.1 Among the vulgar, especially pitmen. Is't a lad or
a bairn ? n.Yks. I thought ye'd a' liked a lad.— Oh ! it is a boy.
—Why! I thought ye said it were a bairn (F.P.T.); n.Yks.2
e.Yks. I remember an old gentleman in the East Riding exclaiming,
when his first grandchild (a girl) was born, ' It's nobbut a bairn ' —
meaning to express his disappointment at its not being a boy,
N. Sf Q. (1867) 3rd S. xii. 177.
4. A term of familiarity used irrespective of age ; also
used contemptuously.
Gall. ' Bairn ' is used sometimes in a pitying or semi-contemp-
tuous sense, of a weak-minded or childish person (A.W.). Cum.
Barn, thou dosn't know (M.P.); One gossiping woman having
a chat with another : Aye, barn, they tell't me sec a teall ; they
seed a woman, barn, widout a heed— barn, it's trew (E.W.P.) ;
Cum.1 Wm. Whya barn, en ea mun I'll hev a swoap a tee,
WHEELER Dial. (1790) 73, ed. 1821. n.Yks. Neither do the old folks
call me ' bairn ' any longer . . . although there were some still who
called me so years after I was turned of sixty, ATKINSON Maori.
Parish (1891) Introd. 5 ; n.Yks.1 I'm giving you a deal of trouble,
William, I fear. — Nay, bairn, nay : nowght o' t'soort [from a man
of sixty to the parson, a man of forty-five]. ne.Yks.1 Aw ! Bless
ya, ba'an, t'wo'lld's to'nn'd arsy-varsy sen ah wer a lad. Expressing
humour, reproach, or admiration after some brag or absurd state-
ment has been made. Thoo is a bonny ba'an, Dick, to deea leyke
that. w.Yks. Ah barn, ses shoo, this year ur two, Av hed a deal
o' greef, PRESTON Poems (1864) 5 ; (F.M.L.) ne.Lan.1 n.Lin.1
Often used to adults as a term of affection.
5. Used as an ejaculative expression.
e.Yks. A very common interjection among the older generation of
cottagers, now obsolescent, originally referring, perhaps, to the
Holy Child Jesus, though used by them in utter unconsciousness of
any meaning, SIMMONS Lay-Flits. Bk. 31 1. w.Yks. Nidderdill Olm.
(1874) ; Bless us barn ! Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Aug. 8, 1881) ;
w.Yks.5
6. v. To beget, conceive.
Lin. STREATFIELD Lin. and Danes (1884) 316. n-Lin.1
Hence (i) Bairned, ppl. adj. pregnant ; (2) Bairning,
ppl. bringing forth.
(i) n.Yks.2 She's bairn'd ageean. (2) ib. Bringing forth a child.
[A barne, m/ans, Cath. Angl. (1483) ; Tho this barn was
BAIRNIE
BAIT
ybore ther biased a sterre, P. Plowman (c.) xxi. 243 ; pe
formast barn bat sco him bare, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 1051.
OE. beam, a child, a son or daughter.]
BAIRNIE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Also written
bairney Wm. ; bairny Sc. ; barney w.Yks.5 [be'rni,
bea'ni, ba'ni.]
1. A little child.
Sc. (JAM.); Sin she wes a wee bairnie, IAN MACLAREN Auld
Lang Syne (1895) 285; Bairnies a" ! she's singin' to ye, ALLAN
Lilts (1874)129. Frf. I was makkin" some porridge for my man's
supper when I heard the bairny skirlin', BARRIE Thrums (1889)
211. Ayr. Lay your hand in prayer on the heads o' her bonnie wee
bairnies, G ALT Sir A. Wylie (1895) xli. Lth. An' gin I'm spared
to ither days — I'll see my bonnie bairnie A braw, braw lass,
SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 25. Gall. Used only of very young
children (A.W.). Nhb. Then God help them poor bairnies an'
me, WILSON Tyneside Sitgs. (1890) 398. Wm. Used by old
people as a term of endearment towards a child. Come, bairney, tu
thi ganny (B.K.).
2. A soft character ; having very childish perceptions.
w.Yks.s
[Bairn + -ie (-j>).]
BAIRNISH, adj. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Lin.
Also written barnish Cum. Wm. Yks. ne.Lan.1 ; baynish
e.Yks.1 [be-rnir, be'nif, ba'nij.]
1. Childish ; silly.
N.Cy.1 Having the manners of a child. Nhb. I's mad to hear
Their silly, whinging, bairnish stories, GRAHAM Maori. Dial. (1826)
13 ; Nhb.1 Cum.3 Bonnie Mary Ray an' me Wer' barnish sweet-
hearts,3. Theybegon toshap theirsels intil o' makso' barnish sangs
i' my heid, 23. Wm. (B.K.) n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1 It's nobbut
bairnish deed. e.Yks.1 She's eighteen cum Mahtlemas, but she's
varry baynish yit. w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (July 18, 1891) ; A
term of derision when applied to some, but a term of tenderness
when used in reference to old age or dotage (B.K.) ; w.Yks.1;
w.Yks.5 Doan't be so barnish. Ah reckon nowt o' sich barnish
fowk. ne.Lan.1 Lin. I thowt nowt on such bairnish tricks,
BROWN Poems (1890) 50. n-Lin.1 sw.Lln.1 He has little bairnish
ways, for all he is so old.
Hence Bairnishness, sb. childishness ; weakminded-
ness.
n.Yks.12 w.Yks. Enough o' this barnishness, Nidderdill Olm.
(1874). n.Lin.1
2. Comp. Bairnish-lake, child's play. See Lake, Bairn-
lakins.
w.Yks.1
[Bairn + -ish ; cp. childish.}
BAIRN('S-LAKINS, sb. Yks. Lan. Also written
•laikings n.Yks.1 ne.Lan.1 [-lekinz, -leakanz.] Children's
playthings, toys. See Babby-lakin, Lake.
n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1 In rare use. rn.Yks.1 w.Yks. Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (July 18, 1891) ; w.Yks.1 A lile oud wumman wee a hand-
ful of barn lakens, ii. 356. Lan.1, n-Lan.1 ne.Lan.1 Applied to
potsherds placed in the form of horses or other figures.
BAIRNLESS, adj. Sc. Yks. Lan. Lin. Also written
barnless ne.Lan.1 Childless.
Sc. (JAM.) n.Yks.2 They're tweea bairnless bodies [said of a
married couple without offspring]. ne.Lan.1, n-Lin.1
BAIRN-LIKE, adj. Cum. Yks. Also written barn-
like Cum. Childish ; weak-minded.
Cum. An' I preech't that lal sarman Sae barn like and green,
GILPIN Ballads (1874) 76. n.Yks.2
BAIRNLY, adj. Sc. Childish.
Sc. (JAM.) ; I think it is a bairnly thing, not worthy in you to
ask or me to render, STEVENSON Catriona (1892) xx ; Woman,
thou'rt but a bairnlie playke, Wi' nought but beauty's blossom,
CUNNINGHAM Sngs. (1813) 50. Per. There wes nae thocht worth
mentionin', and onything he hed wes eked out by repeetition.
Tae say naethin'o' bairnly stories, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush (1895)
201. Ayr. It's bairnly to mak sic a wark for a bit tig on the haffet
[blow on the head], GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822) v. Gall. Think
shame o' yer bairnly weys, man, CROCKETT Stickit Min. (1893) 55.
Hence (i) Bairnly-like, adj. childish; (2) Bairnli-
ness, sb. childishness.
(i) e.Lth. It wad be a bairnly-like thing, an' a cooardly-like
thing forby, HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) 216. (2) Sc. (JAM.)
BAIRN-TEAM, sb. Sc. n.Cy. Nhb. Yks. Also written
bairn-teeam n.Yks.2 ; -teme (JAM-) i -time Sc. ; -tyme
(JAM.) ; beam-team N.Cy.2 Yks. [-tim, -tiam.] A large
family; offspring.
Sc. (JAM.) Ayr. The bonie Bairntime, Heaven has lent, BURNS
A Dream (1786) ; My pleugh is now thy bairn-time a', ib. To his
Auld Mare. n.Cy. GROSE (1790); HOLLOWAY; N.Cy.12, Nhb.1,
Yks. (K.), n.Yks.12, m.Yks.1
[Beam-teams, broods of children, BAILEY (1721) ; Wepe
nothyng for me Bot for joure self and joure barneteme,
Towneley Myst. (c. 1450) 212 ; We ar alle an monnes barne-
teme (Trin.MS. oon monnes childer are we alle), Cursor
M. (c. 1300) 4828. OE. bearnteam, offspring, family of
children. See Team (offspring).]
BAIRNWORT, sb. Yks.
1. The common daisy, Bellis perennis. See Banewort.
n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 Also called Banwoods, or Bessy-banwoods.
e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788).
2. The violet.
n.Yks.2
[berz,
BAIRSE, sb. Nhb. Also written baise Nhb.1
bez.] The space for provender in a cow-stall.
Nhb.1
[ON. bass, a stall in a cowhouse, the equiv. of OE. bos
(found in bosig), whence boose, q.v. For the pron. bairse
cp. Sc. hairse, fr. OE. has (hoarse).]
BAIRSE, adj. Nhb. Also written baerse Nhb.1 Im-
pertinent, impudent.
Nhb.1
BAISE, sb.and v.1 Sc. [bis.]
1. sb. Haste, expedition.
Sc. (JAM.) Bnff. The idea is that of rude, clumsy haste, ac-
companied by force. He geed throuw wi's wark wi' an unco'
behss (W.G.).
2. v. To move or walk with energy.
Bnff. He behsst doon the road jist as gehn he wiz gyain t'redd
fire (W.G.).
BAISE, v? Sc. (JAM.) To persuade, coax.
Frf. [Not known to our correspondents.]
BAISEL, v. Nhb. [bi'zl.] To wait upon cattle, to
fodder.
Nhb. In use in Tynedale (R.O.H.); Nhb.1
[A der. of baise, see Bairse, sb.}
BAISEL, see Basel.
BAISELER, sb. Nhb. Also written baseler N.Cy.1
Nhb.1 [be'zlar.] A person who takes care of cattle.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. Well known here (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.1
[Baisel, vb. -I- -er.]
BAISIER, see Bazier.
BAISLE, v. Cor. [be'zl.] To make dirty.
Cor.3
[Formed fr. baistly ; see below.]
BAISS, adj. Obs. Sc. (JAM.) Also written baise.
Ashamed ; sad, sorrowful.
Slk. But quhan yer Maigestye jinkyt fra me in the baux . . .
I was baiss to kum again wi' sikkan ane ancere [answer], HOGG
Winter Ev. Tales (1820) II. 41.
[The same word as baiss, an old form of bash, aphetic
form of abash, vb. to be ashamed or abashed ; cp. abaissed
in P. Plowman (c.) vn. 17 : Nought abaissed to agulte God
and alle good men. OFr. esbaniss-, prp. stem of esbahir
(mod. e'banir), to astonish profoundly.]
BAIST, see Baste, Boist.
BAISTLY, adj. Cor. [be'stli.] Dirty ; like a beast.
Cor. I wouldn't spaik to such a baistly woman, she drinks
(M.A.C.) ; A child that has been playing in the dirt or mud, and
had soiled its clothes, would be called 'a baistley little thing'
(J.P.T.); 'Twas wan of tha bastliest ould plaaces, Tim. Towser
(1873) 97-
[Batst, pron. of beast +-fy.]
BAIT, sb.1 Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin. War.
Wor. Shr. Hrf. Rdn. Glo. Ken. Sur. Sus. Som. [bet,
beat.]
1. Food, a meal ; for men and horses.
Sc. QAM.) Fif. A fine bait amang the corn — what for no? A
lippie, or a peck, a firlot or a bow, CHAMBERS Rhymes (1870) 150.
Nhb. Scairsh a spunk i' the grate, an" ne suppor, ne bait, ROBSON
Evangetine (1870") 326; Howay get thy bate, man, ARMSTRONG
Waiiay Blossoms (1^6) 45. Nhb.1 Cum. (M. P.); A bite o' cheese
BAIT
BAITIE
an' bread, They'd brow't for't bait, RICHARDSON Talk (1871) 89.
w.Yks. Wis wont mue beat no Sis, lad. e ya oni beat wi ye ?
(J.W.) Rdn. MORGAN Wds. (1881). Ken. Food for one meal is
a bait (P.M.).
2. A workman or labourer's meal in the middle of the
day.
Nhb.1 With a tin bottle, full of cold water or tea, [and] a piece of
bread, which is called his bait, the hewer says good-bye to his
wife, and speeds off to work. Nhb., Dur. Food taken by a pitman
to his work, GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl, (1849). ne.Lan.1 War.2
Ain't it time we 'ad our bit o' bait ? s.Wor.1 Shr.1 The bayte time
is 10 o'clock A.M., in ordinary seasons, but in harvest-time there
is Onder's bayte^ from 4 to 5 o'clock P.M. Bin yo' aumust ready for
yore Onder's bayte ? — Aye, as soon as I've put on this jag o' rakin's ;
it 66nna 'ardly cover the ripples. Hrf.12 Glo.1 We be just 'avin'
our bit o' bait. Ken. A workman's ' bait' is more freq. called his
' 'lowan ce ' [allowance, q. v. ] ( P. M. ) ; HOLLOWAY ; Ken.1 A luncheon
taken by workmen in the field. Sur.1 The afternoon meal in
haymaking or harvest time. The morning meal is called the
ElevenerorBeever. In Nrf. the afternoon meal is called Fourings
or Four. e.Sus. HOLLOWAY. Sus.1 Afternoon refreshment, with
which strong beer is given, in the hay and harvest field ; Sns.2,
w.Som.1
3. A rest, a halt, gen. for refreshment.
Cum. A halt for refreshment on a journey (M. P.). n-Lin.1 A rest
from labour, generally for the purpose of taking food. Commonly
used in relation to animals, but sometimes to men also.
4. Comp. (i) Bait-bag, the bag in which the farm-
labourers carry their luncheon to the field ; (2) -house,
a hedge ale-house, especially in the neighbourhood of
the collieries ; (3) -irons, irons, fixed into the shaft of
a cart, which support a piece of sacking to hold horses'
food ; (4) -poke, a workman's provision bag ; (5) -time,
the time for taking food.
(i) Shr.1 Axe the waggoner w'eer e' put 'is bayte-bag ; if 'e put
it i' the cofer for the mice to ate, like the last (2) N.Cy.1 MS.
add. (3) Chs.1 (4) Nhb. Bag in which the miner carries his
bait or food. Tyuk mi b'yet-poke, went ti wark, CHATER Tyneside
Aim. (1869) 7 ; Aw've maw bait-poke reel chock full, BAGNALL
Sngs. (c. 1850) 12 ; Aw put the bait-poke on at eight, WILSON
Pitman's Pay (1843) 23. Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl.
(1888). (5) Nhb., Dur. ib.
[1. A bait at an inn, refectio, COLES (1679) ; Bayt, refri-
geriutn, refectio, LEVINS Manip. (1570). ON. beit, pasturage.]
BAIT, sb* Suf. [bet] A small bundle of hemp.
e.An.1 In Suff. hemp, when pulled, was tied up in small ' baits,' to
cart home. Suf. It [hemp] is tied up in small bundles called baits,
MARSHALL Review (1817) III. 442.
[Baits of hemp denote bundles of that plant pulled and
tied up, ready for steeping in water, CHAMBERS Cyclop.
(1788). The same word as Bait, sb.1]
BAIT, sb* Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Also
written bate Cum. Wm.1 w.Yks.1 ne.Lan.1 e.Lan.1 [bet,
beat] The grain or cleavage in wood or stone.
Abd. (JAM.) Nhb.1 The longitudinal direction of wood. After
wood has pined it is said, ' You can see the bait'— that is, the grain
has become visible. Cum. Aye, aye, that's foreign stuff, however, by
t'bate of it (J.Ar.) ; Sliven gangs wud t'bate (E.W.P.). Wm.1
That's t'wrang way o' t'bate [that's the wrong way of the
cleavage]. w.Yks. Against the bate, Hlfx. Wds ; w.Yks.1 n.Lan.
Yar straikan t'rang we o' t'bet (W.S.). ne-Lan.1 e-Lan.1 The
mark of growth in wood or stone.
Hence Baited, adj. as used in comp. (i) cross-, with
twisted and crooked fibres ; (2) long-, with long spaces
between the knots in wood ; (3) short-, with short spaces
between the knots.
(i) w.Yks.1 (2, 3) w.Yks.2
[Bate, the texture of wood, BAILEY (1755) ; Finding the
gram and bait of the stone to lye fit for their tranation,
POWER Exp. Philos. (1664) III. 159 (N.E.D ) ]
BAIT, v.1 Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Lin. War. Shr.
Oxf. Hrt. Ess. Dor. Som. Also written bayt (JAM.).
| DGtf D£3 1. 1
1. To feed, to pasture.
Sc. (JAM.) Hrt. Bait [the sheep] on clover, ELLIS Mod. Hush.
(.175°) HI. i. 146.
2. Of men and horses : to stop to feed.
Sc. (JAM.) Nhb.1 Hadaway bait the horses. w.Yks. Wis e nua
taim ta beat, wi man ger on wi wa wak (J.W.). ne.Lan.1 Chs.
We baited at Bostocke's at Woodhead, where we paid twopence
a pint for ale, and 35. 3d. for victuals, BRERETON Travels (1634-5)
71 ; Chs.1 To feed horses in the interval of work. The horses
themselves are said to be baiting. nJLin.1 Thoo mun baait thy
herses twice atween here an' Gaainsb'r. War. (J.R.W.) Oxf.1
MS. add. w.Som.1 Dhee kns staa-p-m bauyt s-noa tu Raas-n bee
Dhangk-feol [thou canst stop and bait, thou dost know, at (the) Rest
and be Thankful (name of a well-known public-house)].
3. Of a fire: to feed.
Stf.2 To bait an oven is the ordinary pottery expression for
feeding the oven-fires. Dor. An' zing your zong or tell your teale,
While I do bait the vire wi' logs, BARNES Poems (1869) 100.
Hence Baiting, ppl. adj. feeding, eating.
Shr.1 Obs. Among the accounts of the bailiffs of Shrewsbury is
a paper endorsed, ' The byll of expens don at the assyssys at
Ludlow, St. Jamys Yven, a" h. viij. xix. (July 24, 1527). Here
followeth the costs don then betweyn the town and Mr. Vernan.'
Among other items is : — ' Paid at Lebothod (Le Botwood) for
Mr. Bayleys baytyng, urf.' — OWEN & BLAKEWAY'S History of
Shrewsbury, I. 307. Ess. Obs. Plough cattle a baiting, call seruant
to dinner, TUSSER Husbandrie (1580) 174, st. 2.
4. To take a rest, cease from labour for a short time.
n.Lin. ' Noo then, chaps, we mun baait a bit.
5. Comp. (i) Baiting-time, time for refreshment; (2)
•tools, implements used by ovensmen in earthenware
manufactories to feed and regulate their fires.
(i) w.Yks. CUDWORTH Horton (1886). (2) Stf.2
[To bait at an inn, divertor, diversor, COLES (1679) !
Cattel is always eatynge or beytynge, FITZHERBERT Hus-
bandry (1534) 32 ; A litill quhile thai baitit thar, BARBOUR
Bruce (1375) xm. 599. ON. beita, lit. to cause to bite; to
graze, feed sheep and cattle.]
BAIT, v.2 Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lin. Nhp. Ess. [bet, beat.]
To tease, worry, harass.
Nhb.1 The baiten, tee, was deev'lish gallen, WILSON Pitman's
Pay (1843) 28. w.Yks.5 Doan't baat muh soa! He's bin baating
him an' at him awal t'afternoin — he'll get t'length o' t'band enow.
n-Lin.1 Nhp.1 To endeavour to obtain anything by teazing and
importunity.
Hence (i) Baiting, vbl. sb. a teasing; (2) Baited, pp.
adj. worried, teased.
Cum. I'll git frae our tweasome a baitin', GILPIN Ballads (1874)
First Luive. Ess. Take heede as from madde bayted bull to keepe
thee fro his home, TUSSER Husbandrie (1580) 149.
[To bait one, i. e. to set upon him, and not let him alone,
aliquem impetere, invadere, sollicitare, ROBERTSON Phras.
(1693); Withouten respyt been they bayted, CHAUCER
R. Rose, 1612; pej; durrstenn bejjtenn menn Forr
asbelike gillte, Ormulum (c. 1200) 10171. The orig. mg.
is to set on (a dog) to bite or worry. ON. beita, to cause
to bite. The same word as Bait, v.1]
BAIT, v.a and sb* Sc. ? Obs.
1. v. To steep skins in a ley of hens' or pigeons' dung
to soften them, that they may be properly cleaned before
being put into the tan or bark.
Sc. (JAM. i Slg. (G.W.)
2. sb. The ley in which skins are put.
SC. (JAM.)
BAIT, see Bate.
BAITHERSHIN, int. phr. Irel. An expletive : it may
be so.
Ir. Ah, baithershin ! you never knew that song, LEVER Doltons
(1852) II. xx ; Baithirshin ! but, sowl, if things goes an, it won't be
longso, CARLETON TraitsPeos. (1843)!. 341. w.Ir. Oh, baithershin !
says the king, LOVER Leg. (1848) I. 100. Wxf. Baithershin ! How
could any one, KENNEDY Evenings Duffrey (1869) 88.
[This repr. Ir.feidir (ability, possibility) + sin (this) ; lit.
' this is a possibility.']
BAITIE, sb. Nhb. A fisher girl who gathers bait.
Nhb. Baities are the wives and daughters of fishermen, and are
accustomed to do nearly all the work required on shore ; namely,
procuring bait, baiting the many hundred hooks, receiving and
selling the fish when landed, &c. These women are proverbially
industrious and possess great physical powers. They are trained
from childhood to carry loads, small creels being made forthechildren
to carry, and laden proportionately to their strength. The chief
bait used is mussels, which form a very heavy load, and which
BAITTLE
BAKER-KNEED
[Not known to any of our
about ; to run after shows,
taking
have to be carried from great distances. The other baits are
sand-worms, limpets, and dog-crabs — all of which are dug for or
gathered by the women (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.1
BAITTLE, adj. Sc. Rich with grass, affording good
pasturage.
Sc. Green and baittle gangs. RIDDELL Ps. (1857) xxiii. 2. Slk.
It properly denotes that sort of pasture where the grass is short and
close (JAM."). And round on Ettrick's baittle haugh Grew no kin
kind of graine, HOGG Poet. Wks. 1,1838-40) Thirlcstane, st. 8. Dmf.
Applied to lea, that has a thick sward of fine sweet grass. This
is called a bettle bit (JAM.).
[Bait, sb^ + 'le (-el), adj. suff., as in fickle, nimble.]
BAIT-YAUD, sb. Sc. Nhb. A woman who gathers
bait for fishermen.
Bwk. The women who gather bait for the fishermen are some-
what reproachfully called ' Bait-yauds,' HENDERSON Pop. Rhyntes
(1856) 107. Nhb. Raw lads and bait yauds, On wi' creels and on
wi' pads, And o'er Ross Hill to Berwick, Johnnie, Denham Tracts
(ed. 1893) I. 292 ; Nhb.1 s.v. Yaad.
[Bait+yaud (& jade), q.v.]
BAIVEE, sb. Sc. A species of whiting ; Morrhua
lusca.
(JAM.~I ; SATCHELL (1879).
BAIVENJAR, sb. Sc. QAM.) A tatterdemalion, a
ragamuffin.
cid.
BAIVER, v. Sc. (JAM.)
correspondents.] To gad
weddings, &c.
Hence Baivering, ppl. adj. gadding about ;
interest in trifles, finery, &c.
Sc. She's grown a daidlm, baiverin gawkie.
BAIZE, see Baze.
BAK, v. Dev. Obs. [baek.] To beat.
n.Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
BAK, see Bake.
BAKE, sb.1 Sc. Also written baik. [bek.] A biscuit.
Sc. We'll need twa three tea bread and a bake or twa, OCHIL-
TREE Redbum (1895) ix. w.Sc. There are various kinds of baiks
named from their shape, colour, kind of flour of which they are
made, &c. (JAM. Suppl.) Ayr. Here's crying out for bakes and
gills, BURNS Holy Fair (1785) st. 18; We can divide the bakes,
GALT Entail (1823) xciii. Lth. Mind the cookies, snaps, an
bakes, That young folk like sae weel, SMITH Meny Bridal (1866)
16. Gall. A butter bake is a biscuit baked with butter, called a
'soft' biscuit in other parts of Scotland (A.W.).
BAKE, sb? Stf. [beik.] A child's term for its share
of anything. Also known as baking.
Stf.2 Giv uz moi beiks an dhen oi wunar it [hit] dhi.
BAKE, v.1 Sc. n.Irel. Yks. Lin. Lei. Nhp. Glo. Oxf.
Hrt. Suf. Sur. Wil. Aus. Slang.
1. Of bread : to toast.
Glo.i, Oxf.1 Sur. Shall I bake your bread to-day t.N.&Q. (1878)
5th S. x. 222.
2. To dry, harden, or become incrusted ; also some-
times with prep, on, to adhere by incrustation.
n.Yks. T'ground beeaks in summer (I.W.). w.Yks.1 n.Lin.1
Look at that theare soo', Master Edward ; she's fairly baaked wi'
sludge. Lei.1 Let it bake before you brush it [said of mud-splashes
on cloth]. Nhp.1 The dirt is so baked on the child's face it won't
come off. Oxf.1 MS. add. Hrt. Great rains . . . are apt to bake
and cake ... the ground, ELLIS Mod. Husb. (1750) II. i. 33 ;
Horses . . . thereby miss treading and baking, as it were, the
ground so close, ib. II. ii. 104.
3. To knead dough or paste of any kind.
Sc. A woman kneads or bakes this paste into masses of the
shape and size of peats, WALKER Essays (1808) II. 121 (JAM.).
Ags. It is not reckoned happy for two persons to bake bread to-
gether QAM.). N.I.1 Ant. Are you bakin' the day? (J.S.)
Hence Baking-case, a kneading-trough.
Abd. The dough is kneaded in the baking-case QAM.).
4. To exhaust, tire.
[Aus.,N.S.W. It wasn't one twenty-fourhours or near it that would
bake two such horses in regular good buckle, BOLDREWOOD Robbery
(1888) III. xv.] Slang. Long before the Cherwell Drysdale was
completely baked, HUGHES T. Brown Oxf. (1861) xii.
5. Contb.(i) Bake-faggot, a rissole of chopped pig's liver
VOL. I.
and seasoning, covered with ' flare ' ; (2) -office, a baker's
shop ; (3) -oven, an ordinary oven.
(r) Wil.' (2) Suf. (F.H.) (3) sw.Lin.> We're building a small
bake-oven. We seem lost without a bake-oven. It does for stack-
steddling and bake-oven heating.
BAKE, v? Slang. To sit or lie at ease.
Slang. Used at Winchester School (A.D.H.) ; (E.F.)
Hence (i) Baker, a cushion to sit or kneel upon ;
anything placed on a form to sit upon ; (2) Bakester,
a lazy fellow, one fond of lying about ; (3) Baking-leave,
permission given by the owner of a study for his friends
to sit there ; (4) Baking-place, a sofa or couch.
Slang, (il The term would not in my time have been applied to
a blotting book, as stated in Mansfield, SHADWELL Wyke. Slang
(1859-1864); (E.F.); Anything comfortable to sit on, ADAMS
Wykehamica (1876) 416 (COPE). (2) (E.F.) (3) (E.F.) ; Commoner
praefects used to give ' baking leave ' in their studies to juniors
whom they teejayed. A college boy would give a ' baking leave '
at his scob to a commoner friend, SHADWELL Wyke. Slang (18^0-
1864). (4)(E.F.)
[That pope of Rome when he lay beaking himself in
the midst of his luxuries had cause to cry, Heu quantum
patimur pro Christo .' SYMMONS Vind. Charles I (1648)
(NARES) ; At home we take our ease And beake ourselves
in rest, KENDALL Flowers of Epigrammes (1577) in.]
BAKED MEAT, phr. Lin. Roast meat, as distin-
guished from boiled.
n.Lln.»
[Look to the baked meats, good Angelica : Spare not
for cost, SHAKS. R. &•» /. iv. iv. 5 ; The funeral baked
meats Did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables, ib.
Mantlet, i. ii. 180.]
BAKE-HOUSE, sb. Yks. [bea'k-as.] In phr. bake-
house bread, that made by a baker, as distinguished
from home-made bread. See Baker's bread. Cf. back-
house.
w.Yks. Wi olas beak wasen, cos wi duant laik beakas briad
(J.W.).
BAKELET, sb. Chs. Stf. [bei'klet] A flat circular
piece of wood with handle attached, used for turning oat-
cakes, &c., over the fire on a bakestone or frying-pan.
Chs. SAra/(i884) III. 195. Stf.1 ; Stf.2 We shanna be able fur
have eny moor paiklets yet a while ; that lad's just smaished my
bakelet aa to smithereens.
BAKEN, />/. of D. to bake. Sc. Baked.
Lnk. God be praised, I've found it ! I've found it ! my bread's
baken ! my bread's baken ! PROCTER Barber's Shop (1856) 3.
[A cake baken on the coals, BIBLE i Kings xix. 6 ;
The baikyn stane vald thole the fyir, Complaynt of Sc.
(1549) 46 ; Benes and baken apples the! brouhte in here
lappes, P. Plowman (c.) ix. 318. OE. (ge)bacen, pp. of
bacan, to bake.]
BAKER, sb. Lan. Stf. Wor. Oxf. Cor.
1. A potato or apple suitable for baking.
Lan. I wur covert wi bakers un keaws ut gan milk, COLLINS
Poems (1859) 43 ; In looking at a lot of potatoes in a sack or on a
stall a person would probably say ' Thoose are good bakers' ^S.W.).
2. A shallow utensil used for baking on peat.
Cor."
3. Comp. Baker -crab, a crab of the genus Xantho.
Cor.a There are two species of Baker-crab, Xantho florida and
Xantho rivulosa. They resemble in colour iron which has been
heated and then greased — in fact, that of the iron ' baker. '
4. Pottery term : a pie-dish.
Stf. Gl. Lab. (1894).
5. A small pebble placed in an oven to indicate when it
is sufficiently heated.
se.Wor.1 This is shown by the stone then presenting a floury-
white appearance. Oxf.1 MS. add.
BAKER-KNEED, adj. phr. Chs. [be'ka-nid.] Knock-
kneed.
Chs.13
[His voice had broken to a gruffish squeak. He had
grown blear-eyed, baker-kneed, and gummy, COLMAN
Poet. Vag. (1814) 13 (DAV.). The older phr. was baker-
legged. His body crooked all over, big-belly'd, baker-
legg'd, and his complexion so swarthy, L'ESTRANGE Life
BAKER'S BREAD
[138]
BALCHIN
ofjfcsop (DAV.) ; Billardier, baker-legg'd, that hath crooked
legs, or goes in at the knees, COTGR.]
BAKER'S BREAD, phr. Lin. Wor. Oxf. Bread made
by a baker as distinguished from home-made bread.
nXin.1, Wor. (J.W.P.), Oxf.1 MS. add.
BAKER'S DOZEN, phr. In gen. use. Thirteen,
rarely fourteen.
w.Yks. BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865"); w.Yks.2 Der.1 Baker's
dozen, fourteen. Lei.1 Yours is a small curacy, Mr. L. Have you
any family ? — Only a baker's dozen, your Majesty. Nhp.1, War.23,
Oxf.1 MS. add., Brks.1, Hnt. (T.P.F.) Cor. Th' ould Mennear
wan day bought a baker's dozen o' porc'lain eggs, ' Q. ' Troy Town
(1888) xiii. Colloq. Fourteen kisses, and that's a baker's dozen,
you know, HORNE Olla Podrida (1820) I. 128.
[Hercules labours were a baker's dozen, CLEAVELAND
Poems (1651) (NARES) ; Serqua, a dozen, namely of egges,
or as we say a bakers dozen, that is thirteene to the
dozen, FLORID (1611).]
BAKESTER, sb. Cor. [be-ksta(r).] A baker.
Cor. He is a bakester by trade (M.A.C.) ; Cor.12
BAKE-STICK. see Beak-stick.
BAKESTONE, see Backstone.
BAK-HUS, see Backhouse.
BAKIE, sb.1 Sc. (JAM.) A kind of peat.
Sc. From the manner of the operation, these peats are called
Bakies, WALKER Essays (1808) II. 131.
[See Bake, v* 2.]
BAKIE, sb* Sh. and Or.I. The black-headed Gull,
Lams rudibundus.
Sh. & Or.I. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 209 ; S. & Ork.1
BAKIE, see Baikie.
BAKING, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Der. Lin. War.
Wor. Oxf. Dor. Som. Dev.
1. All the bread, pastry, &c., baked for a household at
one time, a batch ; also fig. the period at which the
' baking ' takes place.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 A bakin o' breed. w.Yks. It's mony a bakin' sin'
ah wor at Bradfurth (JE.B.) ; w.Yks.5 Yer've a rare baaking,
missis, this week ! — Aye barn, my bankings is as bigagean as they
used to be. ne-Lan.1, Der.2, nw.Der.1 n.Lin.1 We hev' a heavy
baakin' this weak. War. (J.R.W.), Oxf.1 MS. add. w.Som.1 So
good a baking as ever I put in the oven.
2. The quantity of corn sent by a farmer to the mill to
be ground for the use of his family.
n.Yks. Our Bakin I put up 'ith Harden seek, The Milners let it
fall into the Beck, MERITON Praise Ale (1684) 1. 191 ; n.Yks.1 What
Batch is in connection with the oven, that Baking is in reference
to the mill.
3. A family dinner sent to the bakehouse.
w.Som.1 Aay-d u-guut u oa'vm-veol u bae'ukeenz tiie, haun
dhu kraewn oa un vaa-ld een [I had an oven full of family
dinners, too, when the crown of it fell in].
4. Comb, (i) Baking-kettle, an iron cover placed over
a flat cake while it is being baked on a hot hearth-stone ;
(2) -lotch, a kind of bread (?) ; (3) -peel, a shovel with
a long handle, used by bakers in moving bread in and out
of an oven : see Peel (a baker's shovel) ; (4) -spittle,
a thin spade-shaped board with a handle, used in baking
oatcakes : see Spittle, sb. ; also a slang word for tongue ;
(5) -trendle, a baking tub : see Trendle, sb.
(i) Dev. JAGO Gl. [s. v. Wilver] ; Dev.3 This kettle is covered with
hot ashes, which are constantly changed until the cake is thoroughly
cooked and of a pale brown colour. (2) Sc. For there was
nowther lad nor loun Micht eat a bakin-lotch, Evergreen, II. 180
(JAM.). (3) se.Wor.1 A nicely-made baking peel, with its handle
broken in two, 75. (4) Yks. They tell me my tongue's like
a baking-spittle (F.P.T.). w.Yks. Awve heeard tell on her
clatterin' his lugs wi' t'bakin-spittle, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1874)
19 ; Don't mak that chap any flatter ner he is ; if tha duz he'll be
too thin to mak a bakin-spittle on, Pudsey Olm. (June 1889) ;
Wot a ta stikin at Si beakin spitl laik Sat fo ? (J.W.) ; w.Yks.2 ;
w.Yks.5 Used for putting the rolled-out cake into the oven, and for
turning it round, and over, at successive stages. Lan. Tother's as
dryasabakin'-spittle,WAUGHSxec£.Ba«/(i868)i; Lan.1 eian.1
(5) Dor. I walked on and seed a clock with a face as big as
a bakmg-trendle, HARDY Madding Crowd ' 1874)
BAKKAGREF, see Backagruf.
BAKSTON, see Backstone.
BAL, sb.1 Cor. [bael.J
1. A mine ; the surface of a mine.
Cor. And whether in church, or going to bal, they sing hymns,
O'DoNOGHUE St. Knighlon (1864) vi ; Jan was discontented, and
went to Bal and returned from Bal always a sullen man, HUNT
Pop. Rom. w.Eng. (1865) I. 97 ; P'rhaps I'll meet somewan or
awther who'll be comin' from bal about now, PEARCE Esther Pen-
fraiM (1891) 24 ; Cor.12
2. Comp. (i) Bal-girl, a girl who works at a mine ;
(2) -ire, a crowbar; (3) -maid, -maiden, a bal-girl, q.v.
(i) Cor. With carts, bal-girls" and gooses, J. TRENOODLE Spec.
U846) 21 ; Cor.12 (2) Cor.2 MS. add. (3) Cor.2
[Ball is used in Cornwall for a tin-mine, CHAMBERS
Cyclop. (1788) ; Godolphin Ball is the most famous of all
the balls or mines in Cornwall, Phil. Trans. (1678) XII.
951 (CHAMBERS). Cornish bal, collection of mines.]
BAL, sb.2 Cor. A nuisance, bother.
Cor.1 What a bal the dog es ! noozling up agen me.
BAL, sb.3 Cor. Loud talking, chattering.
Cor.2 Hould tha bal, dew [hold your tongue].
BALAAM, sb. e.An. [be'lam.]
1. An ass.
Suf. (F.H.) ; Snf.1 s.v. Baalamb.
2. Comp. Balaam's-smite, (i) the mark or 'cross' on
an ass's back ; (2) -Devil's bit, or wild Scabious ; (3) see
below ; (4) — Sunday, the third Sunday after Easter,
when the story of Balaam is read in the first lesson.
(i)e.An.1 (a) Snf. (F.H.) (3) «*.' You'ld better take some
balaam-smite ' is said to a person who is ailing ; but no one knows
what the medicine is, except that it is in the form of pills (it.). (4)
e.An.1 ; e.An.2 The Sunday on which the lesson relates to the
prophet of Peor ; and on which the Norfolk housewife is reminded
of the approach of the mackerel season.
BALANCE, sb. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf.
[balans.]
1. In phr. to be on the balance, to hesitate, be undecided.
Lan. (S.W.) s.Chs.1 Ahy wuz just u)th baal-uns wedh'ur tu
moa-it wi)th sahydh, urgy'et dhumisheyn Wo it [I was just o' th'
balance whether to mow it wi' th' scythe, or get the machine to
it]. Stf. (A. P.)
2. Comb, (i) Balance beam, (2) -- weight, (3) -
wheel, see below.
Nhb. & Dur. (i) A beam attached by the centre to the winding
rope and a pair of the cage chains shackled at each end, NICHOL-
SON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888). (2) As the ascending and descending
cages [in a shaft] approach each other, the balance weight, which
is of very heavy chain, gradually relieves the winding-engine of
its weight, so that at meetings no influence shall be exerted by the
balance weight; after meetings the descending rope becomes
heaviest and the winding-engine again winds up the balance
weight, to counteract the downward impulse of the descending
cage, it. (3) w.Yks. A wheel at the end of the crank shaft to
balance the running of the loom (J.M.).
BALARAG, see Ballyrag.
BALCH, sb. Dev. Cor. [baeltj.]
1. A small rope ; a sash cord.
Cor. Take a pretty thick balch, J. TRENOODLE Spec. (1846) 28 ;
Cor.12
2. A stout cord used for the head-line of a fishing-net.
Dev. Reports Provinc. (1887) 3. Cor. QuiLLER-CoucH Hist.
Polperro ( 1871) 173 ; Cor.1
3. Corks attached to ropes, to mark the site of mussel-
pots, &c.
Dev. The sea carr'd away they balches, Reports Provinc. (1886)
194 ; ib. (1887) 3.
BALCH, adj. War. Wor. [baeltj, bolt/.] Of persons:
bald. Of birds : unfledged, bare.
War.3 He is quite balch-headed. What's in the nest?— Five
young 'uns, but all balch. We called young birds balch ones ; that
is, when with dowle [down] upon them. ne.Wor. I know to a
nest of young jackdaws, but they're only balch yet. I came down
dab, like a bolch magpie (J.W.P.).
BALCH, see Bolsh.
BALCHER, sb. Oxf. [bo'ltja(r).] A young bird. See
Balch, Balchin.
Oxf.1 Skalley baulchers, unfledged birds [s.v. Skalley].
BALCHIN, sb. Not. Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Also
written bolshin Lei.1 ; bolchin Nhp.1 se.Wor.1 [bae'ltjin,
BALD
BALE
bo-ltjin ; Lei. also bo'ljin.] A young unfledged bird ; also
used attrib.
infant. Nhp.1 Frequently used with the characteristic prefix ' bald,'
as ' A bald balchin.' War.3, se.Wor.'
[Balch, adj. + -ing.]
BALD, sb. Sh.I. A ravelled knot.
S & Ork.1
FCp Dan. balde, ON. bollr (gen. bailor), a ball, ' globus.']
BALD, adj. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Lin.
War. Wor. Shr. Oxf. Ess. Ken. Som. Cor. Also written
balled Yks. ne.Lan.1 ; ball- Ken.1 [bpld, boald ; Sc. bad ;
w.Som. bal, b^l.]
1. Of animals : white-faced, having a white streak down
the face ; piebald. Cf. ball, sb?
n.Yks. We call a spanged cow a balled un (F.P.T.l. w.Yks. A
white-faced horse is said to be ball'd, Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.1 If the
mare have a bald face, the filly will have a blaze. ne.Lan.1, War.
(J.R.W.)
2. Comp. Bald-faced, (i) of animals: white-faced ; (2) of
men : having neither beard nor whiskers ; (3) -head, a
bladder of lard ; (4) -headed, bald ; (5) -pates, see below.
(i) w.Yks.1, n.Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 A bald-faced horse. Oxf.1 A bald-
faced calf. In gen. use, MS. add. (2) w.Som.' You know un well
'nough, but I can't mind hot's a-called ; baald-faced, pock-vurden old
feller. (3) Stf.2 (4) Oxf.1 MS. add. (5) w.Som.1 Poo-ur oa'l blid !
ee-zsubaul ai-dud-z ublad-urulaud [poor old bloodl he is as bald-
headed as a bladder of lard]. A person is never described as
bald, always bald-headed. (6) Ken.1 Roman coins of the lesser and
larger silver were called bald-pates in Thanet by the country
people in Lewis's time. [Obs. Not known to correspondents.]
3. Of birds : unfledged. Cf. balch.
Stf.2 Oi'll shew thee to a nest wi four bald uns in. Shr.1 I know
to throstle's nist 66th five bald young un's in it. Ken.1 Ball-squab,
a young bird just hatched.
4. Applied to birds having white on the head : (i) Bald
Buzzard, the Marsh Harrier, Circus aeruginosus (Ess.) ;
(2) — Coot, the Coot, Fvlica atra (Nhb. Cum. Chs. War.
Wor. Shr. Oxf. Som.) ; (3) — Duck, Fulica atra (Som.) ;
(4) — Goose, Anser albifrons (Sc.) ; (5) — Powt, Fulica
atra (e.Lth. Nhb.).
(i) Ess. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 132. (2) Nhb.1, Cum.1 Chs.1
So called to distinguish it from the water-hen (Gallinula podiceps),
which is also called Coot ; Chs.3, War.(J.R.W.), War.3, ne.Wor.
(J.W.P.), Shr.1, Oxf. (G.E.D.) Sora. SWAINSON Birds (1885)
178. (3) Som. it. (4) Sc. ('A. 148. (5) e.Lth. ib. 178. Nhb.1 Bal-
poot or Bell-poot.
5. Of sheep : without horns.
Cor.2 A bald ram, MS. add.
[1. Bald, white in the face, ASH (1795) ; A black mare
with 3 white feet, and a bald face, Land. Gas. (1690) No.
2575 (N.E.D.). 4. (2) Coote, ... T (i.e. G.) pfaff, ' i. flamen,
sacerdos, a macula alba frontis, quae rasum sacerdotis
verticem refert,' MINSHEU (1617) ; A balled cote, une
blarye, BIBLESWORTH (c. 1300) in WRIGHT Voc. (1857) 165.
BALD, see Bauld, Bold.
BAL-DAG, v. Cor. [bae-1-daeg.] To bespatter with
slime, esp. with slime from a mine.
w.Cor. In use among miners (M.A.C.). Cor.23
BALDER, v.1 Lan. To break stones on the road.
Lan.1
Hence Balderer, sb. a stone-breaker.
Lan.1
BALDER, v.2 e.An. Also written bawda e.An.1 Nrf.1
Suf.1 To use coarse language ; to abuse.
e-An.1, Nrf.1 Suf.1 We should whiningly complain of having
been ' bawder'd and ragg'd in a shameful waah.'
BALDERDASH, sb. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Lin. Glo. e.An.
Sus. Dev. [ba-lda-, barlda-, bolda-daj, -dsef.]
1. Weak, washy drink.
Dub. A pint of porter with a ' dash ' in it is so called in Dublin
hotels, Ulster Jm. Arch. (1854) II. 204. Nrf.1
2. Filthy or obscene talk.
tNhb.1 Or cull one from the vulgar class, She balderdash will
awl, ROBSON Satyr upon Women (1715). w.Yks.1, Lin.1, e.An.1,
Irf.1. Sus.12
3. Impudent language, abuse.
Glo.1 n.Dev. GROSE (I79°) MS. add. (H. )
[1. Balderdash (of drink), mixtapotio; (of other things)
farrago, ROBERTSON Phras. (1693) ; It is against my
freehold ... To drink such balderdash or bonny-clabber,
B. JONSON New Inn (1629) i. i.]
BALDERRY, sb. Sc. Also in form baldberry. (i)
The female handed orchid, O. maculala ; (2) O. latifolia.
Sc. OAM.) w.Sc. Science Gossip (1881) 277.
BALDER('S BRAE, sb. Nhb. Also in form bald
eyebrow. Anthemis cotula, also called Mayweed, q.v.
[Thou may'st have some idea of the beauty of his hair
when I tell thee that the whitest of all plants is called
Baldur's brow, MALLET N. Antiq. (1770), ed. Bohn, 417.
ON. Baldrs-brd; cp. Norw. dial. Bafderbraa, a name for
the 'pyrethrum inodorum' (AASEN); Sw. dial. Balders-bra
' anthemis cotula,' Baldursbra ' pyrethrum inodorum '
(RiETz) ; Dan. Baldersbraa ' anthemis cotula' (Ordbog).}
BALD EYEBROW, see Balder Brae.
BALDIN, sb. Sh.I. The Halibut, Pleuronectes hippo-
^lossus.
S. & Ork.1
BALDMONEY, sb. Wm. Yks. Meum alhamaniicum.
[Baldmony, an herb so called, Meum, BAII.EY (1721);
Meo, the hearbe Spignell, Mew, Bearewort, or Baldemonie,
FLORIO (1611). Baldmony was once a common name for
the Gentian (so ASH, 1795) ; Gentiane, Gentian, Bitterwort,
Baldmoine or Baldmony, COTGR. ; (Gentian) is named in
English Felwoort, Baldmoyne, and Baldmoney, GERARDE
Herb. (ed. 1633) 434 ; Baldemoyn, Genciana, Prompt.}
BALD-RIB, sb. Stf. Lei. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Hnt.
Som. Also written ball- Stf. Som. ; bal- Som. [b^'l-rib.]
A joint of pork, consisting of the lower ribs with some of
the meat removed ; also used for the ' spare-rib,' q.v.
s.Stf. PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895). Lei.1 War. (J.R.W.);
War.3 In preparing the carcase of a pig for bacon the ribs are
usually removed, and are divided into spare-ribs and bald-ribs.
Much of the meat is cut away from both for pork-pie making.
ne.Wor. (J.W.P.) Shr.1 As the spare-rib is spare of flesh, so the
bald-rib is bare of flesh ; Shr.2, Hrf.1, Glo.12 Hnt. When you
killed a pig, before George the Fourth's day, you was obligated to
part with the bald-ribs and spare-ribs, and all the best joints, to buy
salt with, N. & Q. (1865) 3rd S. vii. 295. Som. JENNINGS Obs.
Dial. w.Eng. (1825); W. Sc J. Gl. (1873).
[A bald-rib, costa porcina, COLES (1679) ; Baldrib,
because the bones thereof are made bald and bare of flesh,
MINSHEU (1617).]
BALDRICK, sb. Rut. e.An. Also baldrack Rut.1;
balderick, balderdick e.An.1 A leather band used to
suspend the clapper of a church bell.
Rut.1 Obs. For making a new Baldrack to Bell Clapper, 25.,
Accounts, 1764. e.An.1 A baldrick is made of horse's hide.
[A bawdrick of a bell clapper, ropali corrigia, COLES
(1679); For mendine of _y« baldericke for ye foore bell,
vjrf, Churchw.Acc. South Lynn (i6i»),inJV.*'fl. (1851) ist
'BALE, s*.1 Obsol. or Obs. Sc. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Stf.
Also written bail N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Stf.1 ; baal w.Yks.1 ; bayle
(JAM.) Nhb.; bally n.Yks.12; beal e.Yks.1 [bel, bisl, beal.]
1. A blaze, a flame of whatever kind.
Sc. (JAM.), Stf.1 [(K.)]
2. Comp. Bale-fire, any large fire.
Ayr. A large fire, whether it be in a house or in the fields, is still
denominated a bale- or Baal-fire, AITON Agric. (1811) 154 (JAM.).
3. A bonfire, a signal of alarm.
Sc. QAM.), N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 The custom of lighting a bonfire on
Midsummerevewaskeptupin parts of Northumberland till recently.
The practice may even yet linger in some old-fashioned villages
in the county. Win.1 Obs. e.Yks. The Midsummer bonfires or
' bee-als ' are rarely, if ever, seen ; the name is still in use among
old people (R.S.).
4. Comp. (i) Bale- or bally -bleeze, a bonfire ; (2) -fire,
a bonfire, a beacon or signal fire ; (3) -hills, hillocks on
the moors where fires have formerly been.
(i) n.Yks.12 (2) Sc. (JAM.) Nhb. Bayle fires kindled far and
near, Laird of Thorneyburne (1855) 28. Wm.1 Obs. e.Yks.1 A
bonfire lighted on Midsummer eve. (3) N.Cy.1, w.Yks.1
T 2
BALE
[140]
BALK
5. A place where lead has been smelted.
w.Yks. In this hollow is the site of a Bale or Baal Hill,GRAiNGE
Nidderdale (1863) 59.
6. Comp. Bale-hill, an ancient smelting place.
n.Yks.3
il. All be burje at a braide was on a bale kyndild, Wars
•x. (c. 1450) 2231 ; Thai flaggatis (faggots) byrnand in
a baill, BARBOUR Bruce (1375) xvn. 610. 2. As blesenand
as bale fyre & blake as be hell, Wars Alex. 562. 3.
Ane Bail is warning of thair cumming, Act 12 Jas. II
(1455) ed. 1566 (JAM.). — ON. bdl, a flame, a funeral pile ;
cp. OE. bci>£\
BALE, sb? Obs. Sc. n.Cy. Sorrow, misery.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) n.Cy. GROSE (1790); When
bale is hext boot is next, RAY Prov. (1678) 96.
[Comforte your selfe with this old text . . . when bale is
hekst, boore is next, HEYWOOD Prov. (1562) 38 ; Quen be
bal ys alder hext ben sum time ys bpte next, Cursor M.
(c. 1300) 4775. Cp. ON. begar bdl er hast er bdl ncest, when
bale is highest boot is nighest. ON. bdl; cp. OE. baltt, evil,
sorrow.]
BALE, see Beal.
BALEISE, v. Shr. Also written balase Shr.2 ; bellise
Shr.1 [bae'las.] To beat, flog, whip, scourge.
Shr. BOUND Prov. (1876) ; Shr." ; Shr.2 Balase him well.
Hence Balasing, vbl. sb. a beating, flogging.
Shr.2 Gie him a good balasing.
[jut am ich chalenged in chapitele-hous, as ich a childe
were And baleysed on the bar ers, P. Plowman (c.) VH.
157. From ME. baleys, a rod, a scourge (Prompt.) ; OFr.
balots,balais(Lm-KE); AFr.balai (Moisv) ; cp.OFr. balain
(mod. balai), broom, ' genesta,' Bret, balan (Du RUSQUEC).]
BALFURD, v. Sh.I. To put anything carefully aside ;
to secrete.
S. Sr Ork.1
BALK, sb.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also in
the form baak S. & Ork.1 Nhb.1 I.W.1 ; bauk Sc. N.Cy.1
Nhb. (GROSE) n.Yks.2 e.Yks.1 w.Yks.5 n.Lin.1 ; baulk Sc.
Lin. Glo. Hrt. Nrf. Wil.1 Dor. ; bawk Ayr. Cum. n.Yks.3
w.Yks.14 Lan. e.Lan.1 Der.2 Lin. Suf.1 Cor.2 ; boak Cum. ;
boax (pi.) Lan. ; boke Cum. Wm.1 w.Yks. [bak, bpk,
boak.]
I. A ridge, esp. in ploughing ; a raised piece of ground ;
hence, a division, boundary.
1. The ridges or up-turned furrows of ploughed land.
Sc. Balk and burrall, ridge and furrow alternately, MORTON Cyclo.
Agric. (1863). Abd. The hills and heath ground . . . appear to have
been under cultivation, ... at least that partial kind of it called
balk and burral, which consisted of one ridge very much raised
by the plough, and a barren space of nearly the same extent,
alternately, TURRIFF Abd. Statist. Ace. XVIII. 404 (JAM. ). w.Yks.2
nXln.1 More balks, more barley ; more seams, more beans. War.3,
Shr.2, e.An.1 Nrf. Ridges for sowing mangold, COZENS-HARDY
Broad Nrf. (1893) 83. Suf. 'A clean balk' is when the ridges
are all turned one way (C.T.). Ken. When the land has been
ploughed with a double wreest plough, one speaks of ' ridging the
land into baulks ' (P.M.).
2. A strip of waste land, round a field or by the roadside ;
a grassy pathway across a corn-field.
Sc. Upon a baulk, that is an unploughed ridge of land interposed
among the corn, the Laird's trusty palfrey was tethered by the
head, SCOTT Midlothian (1818) xxvi ; Could tell in his broken lan-
guage upon what baulks grew the bonniest flowers, ib.GuyM. (1815)
viii. Ayr. A rose-bud by my early walk. Adown a corn-enclosed
bawk, BURNS Rosebud. n-Yks.1, ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. NICHOLSON
Flk-Sp. (1889) ; e.Yks.1, Der.2, nw-Der.1 Nhp. Where each way
beats the nodding grain Aside the narrow balk, CLARE Poems ( 1821 )
33. War. (J.R.W.) Hrt. Baulks of grass, the grass lying next
to and partly under the hedges, whereon the ploughing horses are
turned, ELLIS Pract. Farmer (1750).
8. A strip of land accidentally missed in ploughing or
sowing; a piece of stubble or grass which has been
unevenly cut. See Swathe.
N.Cy.12, Nhb.i, Dnr.1 Wm.1 A portion of a field left unploughed
owing to an obstruction, such as rock cropping out, or large
boulders. n.Yks. You think weese mack monny ilfavart bawke.
When we do plew, we mun tack teaume, I reed, MERITON
Praise Ale (1684) 1. 112, 13. nj.Yks.1, w.Yks.3, ne.Lan.1 sw.Lin.1
We made a many balks in ploughing to-day. [Also] a piece of
stubble left high owing to the scythe slipping over it in mowing.
Shr.1 I see theer's a balk in a fild o' corn down by Steppiton ;
I dunna know who it belungs to, but it's no good sign anyways,
theer'H be djeth i' the 'ouse afore 'arr66st. Shr.2 A two-year-
old balk is as good as a ruck" of muck, Prov. Hnt. Plowing an
acre of high land without a single balk, MARSHALL Review (1811)
III. 211. e.An.1 A ridge left in balk-ploughing. I.W.12 Wil.1
When a ' land ' has been accidentally passed over in sowing, the
bare space is considered as a presage of some misfortune. se.Dor.
(C.W.)
4. A strip of ground left unfilled to divide the property
of different owners, esp. to separate the portions of
common or open fields. Also called mere, rean, q.v.
Sc. (JAM.) Lnk. Last night I met him on a bawk, RAMSAY
Gentle Shep. (1725) 124, ed. 1783. N.Cy.12 Nhb. GROSE (1790);
Nhb.1 The freeholds in the system of cultivation before the Com-
mons Enclosure Acts were thus divided. Cum. ' Balk ' is rarely
used in the sense of a division ; a ' rean ' is the word for
divisions in crops (M.P.). Wm.1 ' Deeals ' in fields in common-
able cultivation, called here ' toon-fields,' were regularly so
divided, and the practice survives still in some places. n.Yks.2
' Bauks' hay' is hay grown upon the ridges which separate the land-
portions on a common right. e.Yks. THOMPSON Hist. Welton (1869)
171 ; NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 51 ; Have an eye to the heads,
balkes and divisions, BEST Farming Bk. (1642) 38 ; e.Yks.1 Chs,
Sheaf (1883) III. 30; Chs.8 n.Lin.1 Under a raised ground or
bank, parallel to a balk, the only one in the field, Hist. Lincoln
(1810) 240. Nhp. Down narrow balks that intersect the fields,
CLARE Poems (1820) II. 104; Nhp.12 Rnt.1 Used especially hi
unenclosed lordships. War.12 Bdf. The flocks of the common
fields are kept on the commons and balks between the lands,
MARSHALL Review (1814) IV. 603. Hrt. CUSSANS Hist. Hrt.
(1879-81) III. 320 ; My master has never since suffered the dung-
cart to travel over the shire baulk, MARSHALL Review (1817) V. 10.
Hnt. (T.P.F. ) e.An. Runton, in which an ancient rural practice
still prevails ; namely, the separation of field from field by a strip
oflandarod in width, called a balk or mereing balk, WHITE e.Eng.
(1865") I. 194; e-An.1, Nrf.1 Snf. RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 288,
ed. 1849 ; CULLUM Hist. Hawsted (1813) ; Suf.1, Ken.1 Wil.1 The
strips [in a 'common field '] are marked off from one another, not
by hedge or wall, but by a simple grass path, a foot or so wide,
which they call 'balks' or ' meres,' Wil. Arch. Mag. XVII. 294.
[(K.) ; Make not balks of good ground, RAY Prov. (1678) 96.]
5. Comp. (i) Balk-bred, -braid, the breadth of a balk or
ridge of unploughed land ; (2) -stee, a stile leading to a
narrow pathway through a field.
(i) Sc. (JAM.) (2) Cum. Streetan his-sel up till he was as brant
as a bokes-stee, SARGISSON Joe Scoap (1881) 88. w.Yks. (W.H.)
6. A longish field.
Der.1 I have two, called Margaret Balks, at Osmaston.
7. An old hedge bank on which the ' quick ' is planted.
Shr.1
8. A path on a bank ; a bank or ridge.
n-Lln.1, Glo.2, Ken.1
0. Loose ground that sounds hollow when struck.
Cor.3
10. A ridge or irregularity in the roof of a mine.
Nhb.1 Nhb. & Dur. A species of hitch ; the roof of the seam
coming down into the coal without any corresponding depression
of the thill, thus causing a nip. Balks are most frequent when the
roof of the coal is a stratum of sandstone or post, GREENWELL
Coal Tr. Gt. (1849).
11. A line marked on the ground to jump from.
n.Lin.1
n. A beam of wood ; hence, a projecting bar or block
of masonry.
1. A beam or rafter; a crossbeam in the roof of a house;
freq. used as a place for hanging tools, bacon, &c. ; hence
phr. to lay to the balks, to put aside, lay by when not
in use.
Sc. ' Get a bawk frae the rucks,' was the order he issued, ROY
Horseman (1895) ii ; S. & Ork.1 Ayr. An1 darklins grapit for the
bauks, BURNS Halloween (1785) st. 11. e.Lth. What for should
they want to pu' doun the bawks on oor heids ? HUNTER J. Inwick
(1895) 102. n.Cy. (K.) ; N.Cy.»2 Nhb. GROSE (1790) ; The balks
o' wor hoose are cedor, an' wor raftors o' for, FORSTER Newc. Sng.
Sol. (1859) i. 17 ; Nhb.1 ' To lay to the balks ' is used metaphorically
to denote a disuse of any implement or instrument. Dur. Prov.
BALK
BALK
Aa's not sittin' keepin' a bean ower a baak [I am not beholden to
you for anything] (F.P.) ; Dur.1 Cum. Mostly applied to the beams
of barns in outhouses, and the places above them, where these are
not ceilings (M. P.) ; Fra t'chimley boak his gun he teiik, RICHARD-
SON Talk (1876") 168. n.Yks.2 He neea seeaner gets his legs
ower t'bed-stocks than he's scramping te' t'bacon-bauks ; n.Yks.3
e.Yks. A fower-hoss balk, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 51 ; Ncaver
lye out his sheaves beyonde the balkes but rather within the
balkes, BEST ./?«>-. Econ. (1642) 48; e.Yks.1 A transverse beam under
the ceiling of the kitchen, for supporting the joists, and used in
the interspaces as a shelf for cakes, tobacco-pipes, &c. m.Yks.1
Of a room that has been 'underdrawn ' — i.e. where a roof of laths
and plaster has been constructed below the rafters — it will be
said, ' The walls must be whitewashed, but the balk will have to
hold for another day.' w.Yks. Cheerful songs Were chanted
laadly raand, As if ta split t'owd bauk aboon, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE
BairnslaAnn. (1850) 36; Az sooin az a sprig ortwoon it iz hungup
a t'bauk, ib. (1859) 21 ; Threw it o'er a hoigh bawk, wot went just
o'er t'dooar, BYWATER Sheffield Dial. (1877) 235 ; Th' misteltoe is
fixed to th' bawk, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1896) 25 ; They'd a flick
o' bacon hung up o' t'bawk, PRESTON Yksman. (Oct. 1878) 230 ;
w.Yks.234, ne-Lan.1, m.Lan.1, Chs.1, Der.1 Not. (L.C.M.) ; Not2
He joled 'is 'eead agen a balk. Lin. STREATFIELD Lin. and Danes
(1884) 316; I 'card the bricks an' the baulks rummle down when the
roof gev wa2y. TENNYSON Owd Rod (1889). n.Lin. SUTTON Wds.
(1881) ; n-Lin.1 An upright post in a stud-and-mud (q.v.) building.
swXin.1, Nhp.12, War. (J.R.W.) Shr.i i eard a squake o'er
my yed w'en I wuz throshin, an1 w'en I looked up I sid a rot
gwei'n' alung the balk 66th a waizle oudin' on to the scuft on 'is
neck. The 'chimley balk' is a great beam in front of an old-
fashioned fire-place, where the bacon is sometimes hung to dry.
Obsol. That par o' chawls mun be shifted throm the chimley
balk, they bin gettin quite raisty. e.An.1 Nrf. Yow don't see
them there great baulks in the ceiling now-a-days (W.R.E.);
The summers o' our house are cedarn, and our balks o' dale,
GILLETT Sng. Sol. (1860) i. 17. Nrf., Suf. HOLLOWAY. Suf.1,
w.Som.1 Dev. He fell off and went down, so this man had the
balktohimself, BARING-GOULD J. If erring (1684) 356, [(K.); GROSE
(1790) MS. add. (C.)~\
2. The beam of a pair of scales or steelyard ; also in
comp. Weigh-bauks, and phr. banks and breds.
Sc. Prov. The young lamb comes as often to the bauk as the
auld ewe (JAM.). Rxb. Bauks and breds, a beam for weighing
larger articles than can be received by scales, as wool, See. (ib. )
Nhb.1 Baaks, or ' Balks and breds,' beam and scales for weighing.
n-Lln.1
3. The rood-beam dividing the chancel of a church from
the nave. Esp. in phr. to be thrown over the balk, to have
the banns published ; to hang over the balk, to have marriage
deferred after publication.
N.Cy.1 w.Yks.1 Shoe'd been thrawn ower t'bawk some Sundays
back, bud if what thou says be true, shoe's in a likly way to hing
theer, ii. 297. Before the Reformation the laity sat exclusively
in the nave of the church. The expression ' to be thrown our
t'balk' therefore means, to be helped into the choir, where the
marriage ceremony was performed.
4. A strong piece of timber for supporting the roof of the
seam in a mine.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 We must have either oaken spars or firr bawks,
J.C. Compleat Collier U?o8) 15. Nhb. & Dur. (S.K.C.)
6. A hen-roost ; a perch in a bird-cage.
Rnf. Whan eenin" comes we'll mak your bauk Aboon the hallan
wa', ALLAN Poems (1836) The Robin. Nhb.1 The burd sits
mopin" o' the balk, like somethin' iv a flay, WILSON Washing Day
(1843) st- 4- Win. (K.) Yks. Tu monny foules atop ov the bawk.
FETHERSTON T. Goorkrodger ( 1870) 175. n.Yks.2, m.Yks.1
6. The iron bar fixed across a chimney over the fire-
place, on which the 'reckon' (q.v.) and pots are hung.
Also called Gally-balk, Rannel-balk, q.v.
m.Yks.1, w.Yks.5
7. A yoke or shoulder-piece of wood with straps and
hooks for carrying pails or cans.
m.Yks.1
8. A wooden frame in a cowhouse for securing the cow's
head while being milked.
Yks. MORTON Cydo. Agric. (1863). Nhp.1 e-An.1 The balk
allows the cow to move her head freely up and down, but when
she attempts to withdraw it, she finds herself balked, and that she
must stand still till the dairymaid dismisses her. Nrf.1 Suf.
e.An. N. & Q. (1866) II. 325, 363 ; It is composed of an upright
piece or beam, fixed in the floor and to the top framing, with
a second piece of same length and size, and when upright about
a foot apart from and parallel with the other. It moves on a pivot,
and is pushed by the milkmaid to the perpendicular when it is
fastened by a latch, RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 288, ed. 1849 ; Suf.1
9. A projecting piece of masonry. Obsol.
Shr.1 [Sometimes] the mouth of the oven is inside the house,
but the oven itself, being built outside, projects and forms a balk.
10. A loft for storing hay or straw, immediately under
the roof and between the balks or rafters. Usually
in pi.
N.Cy.1 Cum. GROSE (1790) ; HOLLOWAY ; Gl. (1851). n.Yks.
(I.W.) e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788). m.Yks.1 Go away
to the barn-balks and fetch me an armful of straw-bands. w.Yks.
A hay-mow, elevated on beams, as over a cow-house, is called the
balk's mough, while that on the ground is called the platt [ground]
mough, Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.1 Our Sal clickin fast wi' baith hands to
t'bawk, ii. 287 ; w.Yks.2, Lan.1, eXan.1 Chs. MORTON Cyclo. Agric.
(1863) ; Chs.1 The balks in old buildings consisted of beams, laid
across from wall to wall, upon which round branches were placed
like joists, with spaces between, and the hay or straw was
stacked upon them. There was no regular floor, but the under
surface of the hay itself formed the ceiling of the shippon. [There
are] several instances where this very primitive arrangement is
still existing. In other cases a rude kind of floor was made by
putting rough outside slabs of trees, the round sides uppermost,
on the branches. At present the floor of the hayloft is properly
boarded and nailed over square joists, but the old name is retained ;
Chs.23 s.Chs.1 The old-fashioned hay-lofts consisted of planks
laid loosely across the rafters. Der.2, nw.Der.1, War. (J.R.W.)
11. The top or ceiling of a room of any kind, not necessarily
having beams or ' balks.'
m-Yks.1 w.Yks. BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865).
12. In pi. The gallery in a church or chapel.
Ayr. I hae seen the folk in his time sitting in the balks of the
kirk like bykes [hives] o' bees, N. & Q. (1873) 4th S. xii. 306.
n.Yks.2 They sit up i' t'free bauks. e.Lan.1
13. In fishing : stakes covered with wattles, and so
arranged that fish are directed towards the nets.
ne.Lan.1 A long wattled hedge of a semi-circular form, set upon
the sea sands, compels the fish at the ebb of the tide to make
towards the deepest part, where there is a semi-circular bower of
nets to catch them.
14. Comp. (i) Balk-end, the gable-end of a house ; (2)
-filling, see below ; (3) -height, as high as the ceiling or
balk ; (4) -hooks, see below ; (5) balks-hole, the opening
through which hay is put when housing it in a loft; hence
used humorously for a person's mouth ; (6) -staff, obs.
a stout stick used as a weapon, also called a quarter-staff;
(7) -tree, the principal beam in a building ; (8) -ways, see
below.
(i) e.Yks.1 (2) nXin.1 The filling up with bricks, small stones,
or plaster, of the angle between the wall-plate and the roof of
a building. (3) Sc. He hads his trinkets to the light ;— Syne
a' the lasses lowp bawk height Wi' perfect joy, Farmer's Ha',
St. 28 (JAM.). Abd. He stenn'd [sprang] bauk-height at ilka
stride, SKINNER Christmas Baling (1809) 127 QAM.). Cum. Then
cocker Wully lap bawk heet, ANDERSON Ballads (1805) 13, ed. 1815.
w.Yks. Shoo calls him bauk-heigt ivvery day ov his life, HARTLEY
Clock Aim. (1874) 19; w.Yks.5 T'biggest chap ah ivver seed i' my
life — he'd stand bauk-height, ah'll laay owt he wod ! (4) n-Ltn.1
Bank-hooks are iron hooks fastened into the beams of a kitchen
or larder on which to hang bacon, cooking-vessels, &c. (5)
Lan. Just shut your boaxholes a bit, chaps, an' give o'er heawsin
while he's done, BRIERLEY Red Wind. (1868) x. (6) n.Cy. (K.) ;
GROSE (1790). Chs. (K.) (7) n-Lin.1 I'll niver hev a theaf like
that undernean my bauk-tree. (8) n.Yks.2 We have witnessed
the primitive manner of carrying the corpse ' bauk-ways,' that
is, upon cross sticks beneath the coffin, bearers having hold of
the projecting ends, three or four on each side, Preface, xi.
III. Fig. A blunder, a slip ; a hindrance or stumbling-
block.
1. A clumsy blunder, a muddle ; a stoppage. Of horses :
a ' shy.'
w.Yks.5 Ah'll run thuh a raace an' noa balks. Wah tha'Il mak
a balk theesen if noab'dy else does. Cor.2 He made a bawk of it.
[Also] a shy, as of a horse.
2. Reluctance, objection.
Lan. I eet it snap, for I'r so keen bitt'n I mede no bawks at
BALK
[142]
BALK
o Heyseed, TIM BOBBIN View Dial. (1746) 61, ed. 1806 ; Made no
moor bawks abeawt it, WAUGH Owd Bodle, 257 ; Lan.1 He made
no moor bawks at th' job, but set tone foot onto th' top-bar, ib.
Sketches (1857) 28. Cor.2 He's sure to make a bawk about it.
3. The failure of an expectation ; a disappointment.
Yks. HOLLOWAY. nw.Der.1 Nhp.1 It was quite a balk. e.An.1
4. A false rumour.
Slang. [At Winchester School] any one who originated or
spread such a rumour was said to 'sport a baulk,' SHADWELL
Wyke. Slang (1859-1864).
5. A jeer.
Cor.2 He made a bawk at me.
[I. Balk, a ridge of land unplowed between two furrows,
a mere, ASH (1795) ; Balk, a little piece of ground in arable
land, which by mischance the plough slips over, and
leaves unplowed ; a ridge between two furrows, BLOUNT
(1670) ; Faulte, a fault ; also a baulk untilled between two
furrows, COTGR. ; A balke or banke of earth raysed or
standing up betweene twoo furrowes, BARET (1580) ;
Baulke of lande, separaison, PALSGR. ; A balke betwyx
twa furris, porca, Cath. Angl. (1483). OE. balca, a ridge,
heap, or mound ; cp. Flem. balk, a mound, heap, dam, also
fallow land. Sw. dial, balk, a strip of land between two
furrows (RiEtz). n. 1. Balke of an house, pouste,
PALSGR. ; Many a piece of bacon have I had out of their
balkes, Gammer Gurton, II. 7 (NARES) ; He can wel in myn
y6 seen a stalke, But in his owne he can nat seen a balke,
CHAUCER C. T. A. 3920 ; Bind it first wid balke and band,
Cursor M. (c. 1300) 1671. ON. bjalki, a balk, beam, cp.
MHG. balke (LEXER) ; Du. balck (HEXHAM) ; OFris. balka
(RICHTHOFEN) ; Fris. balken, pi. beams, a house, home
(HALBERTSMA). 2. i balke ferri cum les scales et ponderi-
bus, Fabric Rolls Yk. Minster (1399), Surtees Soc. 336.
MDu. balk, a steel-yard (VERDAM) ; cp. Du. balck-waeghe,
' trutina ' (KILIAN), balck-gewichte (HEXHAM). MLG. balke,
the beam of a balance (SCHILLER-LUBBEN). 5. Foules
shal synge in the wyndowes and rauens shal syt upon
the balckes, COVERDALE (1535) Zeph. ii. 14. Cp. Du. balk,
the beam whereon hens roost, whence called hanebalk
(VERDAM). 6. Unum instrumentum ferreitm in camino
aulae vocatum balk, York Wills (1432) II. 23. 10. Cp.
MLG. balke, a hay-loft, granary (SCHILLER-LUBBEN).
The word is also still used in this sense in various LG.
dial., e.g. in Bremen (Brem. IVtbch,} and in Saxony
(BERGHAUS). 11. Cp. Du. dial, balke, the upper part of a
room, the ceiling (KLUYVER).]
BALK, sb? Yks. [boak.] A piece of cloth woven
and milled, but not finished. Also used attrib.
w.Yks. These clothiers attended the Leeds White Cloth Market
twice a week, selling their cloth in the ' balk,' or raw state, the
merchants dyeing and finishing the same, CUDWORTH Bradford
(1876) 519; A piece of cloth ready for raising (J.M.) ; (W.T.) ;
BALK, sb.a Shr. A small brass ornament fixed at
the top of a wand, usually carried by members of a benefit
club.
Shr.2
BALK, v. In var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng
Also written baulk Sc. w.Yks. s.Chs.1 Stf.1 Lin Suf.*-'
bauk n.Yks.2 w.Yks. n.Lin.1 se.Wor.1 Oxf. ; bawk Dur »
w.Yks. Dev. ; bock nw.Dev.1 Cor.2 ; boak e.Yks. ; boke
Wm.1 ; bulk Cor.1 [bak, bok, bqak.]
I. To miss, pass over. Cf. Balk, sb."1 1.
1. To let land lie fallow ; to plough so that spaces are
left between the furrows.
Chs. The ground which has been balked is split, MARSHALL
Review (1818) II. 33. Lin. At Belesby they have a practice which
is to bauck their turnip land . . . that is, to lap a furrow on un-
stirred land, then harrow and cross-plough, ib. III. 151. Nrf Nrf
Archaeol. (1879) VIII. 167.
2. To accidentally miss a strip of ground in sowing
ploughing, or cutting a crop.
Sc. (JAM.), w Yks.3 Shr.1 Sich ploughin as this 66nna do for
me the one afe o' the groun's balked. Glo. If a man misses
casting seed on all the ground, his master would apprise him of
the fact, ' Thees baulkm o' it, look'ee ' (S.S.B.).
3. To leave work undone ; to do anything carelessly ; to
miss, overlook.
e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. Nrf.1 Suf.1 Applied to one who.
in coursing, passes a sitting hare, without crying ' Soho.' Why
how cum yeow to bawk that there hare ?
4. Of horses : to shy, to refuse to pass an obstacle.
e.Yks. Awd meear balkt at yat stowp, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp.
(1889). Som. Hosses as ud never bauk at hedge, or geate, or stile,
' AGRIKLER ' Rhymes (1872) 30.
5. To keep silent ; to be reticent about.
s.Chs. Ee did-jnu bairk nuwt [he didna baulk nowt, he was
not afraid of speaking his mind, lit. he did not ' pass over ' any-
thing as a balk in a field is passed unploughed],
II. To place a beam or barrier.
1. To dam a stream.
War.3 A stream is balked by a temporary dam of timber placed
across it.
2. To place pilchards in layers or rows in the curing
process.
Cor. THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) Gl. ; Cor.1 To balk, or
bulk, pilchards is to pile them wall-like, in layers of pilchards and
salt.
3. To secure a cow's head during milking-time.
Se. Ah me! shall I baulk my. cow? RAMSAY Tea-Table Misr.
(1724) II. 17, ed. 1871.
4. Phr. balked up, (i) propped up; (2) hidden, screened
from sight.
(i) n.Yks.2 (2) Dev. Plant thickee btlsh between tha rockery
an' tha cassia tree, zo that tha workshop winder chell be a
bawked-up, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) ; E'll 'ave peace an' quiet
an' a braave time wi' your thoughts, biding bawked up heer till
you dies, PHILLPOTTS Dartmoor (1895) 205.
III. Fig.
1. To hinder, prevent, thwart, impede.
Wxf.1 Wm.1 Thor's boked ma. n.Ykg.2 Bauk thy speech.
e.Yks. Ti boak all sike chaps o' ther vahl thievish fun, He'd
wahsly pavahded hissen wiv a gun, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889)
42. w.Yks. He wor detarmined he wodn't be bawked, HARTLEY
Clock Aim. (1894) 7 ; BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865). Chs.3 Oi could
a leapt the bruck, easy enoo, if he hadna bawked me. s.Stt I'm
sure I can jump o'er, if yo' do' balk me, PINNOCK Bit. Cy. Ann.
(rSgs)- s.Not. Ivry time I started to bowl 'e screeted out or
runned across the wicket, or did summat else to balk me (J.P.K.).
Not.2 That was my object, but I was balked. War.3 Just as I was
' taking off' [beginning to spring] he balked me, and I fell into the
and that bauked I, MS. add. Brks.1 He balked muh jus as I was
a-goin' to shoot by callin' out like that ther. e-An.1 n.Dev. Nort,
Dame, shall bock ma luve vor he, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 84!
nw.Dev.1 Doan ee bock ma. Frequently used by boys when playing
marvels [marbles].
2. To disappoint.
Dur.1 w.Yks. He's a chap 'at wean't baulk his fancy (JE.B.).
w.Yks.5 Balk'd o' gehring his cloas this week; t'taalor's ower
threng to lehr him hev 'em. Went tul [such a one's church, or
chapel] wal ah wur i' London, bud ah wur balk'd ; he worrant
thear [did not preach]. ne.Lan.1 s.Chs.1 To offer the hand, and
then suddenly to withdraw it, is to baulk. Stf.1 nXin. When
Fox cums an' axes why she'd bauk'd him, PEACOCK Tales and
Rhymes (1886) 75 ; n.Lin.1 A friend had neglected to keep his
appointment [at dinner] and the host told the other guests that
Mr. had bauked him. Nhp.1 Don't balk your fancy if you've
a mind on't. Shr.2 Balk'd in his fancy.
[I. 1. To balk, aratro sublato praeterire, COLES (1679). 3.
To balk or pass by one, neglectim praeterire. To balk a
thing and not to speak to it, or to leave it unanswered,
omittere, stem pede praeterire, ROBERTSON Phras. (1693) :
Learnd and judicious lord, if I should balke Thyne
honor'd name, it being in my way, My muse unworthy
were of such a walke, DA VIES Scourge (1611) ; Balkyn or
ouerskyppyn, omitto, Prompt, m. 1. To baulk those ills
which present joys bewray, QUARLES Emblems (1635), ed.
1718, 182 (N.E.D.). 2. Balk'd of his prey, the yelling
monster flies, POPE Odyssey (JOHNSON) ; We . . . must not
come so near to baulk their lips, MARLOWE Edw. 77(1590)
"• v.— The same word as Balk, sb.]
BALKER
BALL
BALKER, sb.1 Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written
bauker Som. ; barker Dev. Cor. ; baaker Som. See
below, [ba'ka(r).] A whetstone or rubber for sharpening
scythes. Also in comp. Balker-stone.
Dor. (E.H.G.) Som. Bawker, Bawker-stone, a kind of sand-
stone for whetting scythes, JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ;
W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; Baaker, SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885).
Dev. Barker, MOORE Hist. Dev. (1829) I. 353; Reports Provinc.
(1886) ii ; (T.C.P.) n.Dev. A barker, barraquail. a bittle, ROCK
Jim an' Nell (1867) 20. nw.Dev.1 The balker is carried in a balker-
pooch [pouch] at the back of the leathern buckle-strap usually
worn around the waist. This stone would not under any circum-
stances be termed a whetstone, for the latter is locally applied
to fine-grained stones only. w.Dev. MARSHALL Ritr. Econ. (1796).
8. Dev. Fox Kingsbridge (1874). Cor.123
BALKER, sb.2 Cor. [b§'ka(r).] A man who from
the shore directs the movements of the boats engaged in
the pilchard fishery ; a ' huer,' or ' conder,' q.v.
w.Cor. (A.L.M.) Cor.3 MS. add.
[Balk, vb. + -er. The vb. occurs in an Act of Parliament
(1603) : To balke, hue, conde, direct, and guide the
fishermen ... for the takinge of the saide fishe (N.E.D.).
Cp. Du. balken, to bawl, shout (KLUYVER). MDu. balcken,
tO howl (OUDEMANS).]
BALKER, sb? Lin. e.An. [b?ka(r).]
1. A large beam. Cf. Balk, sb.1 II.
nXin.1, e.An.l, Nrf.1
2. The front of a butcher's shop.
Lin. NALL Gl.e.An. (1866). [Not known to our correspondents.]
BALKIE, sb. Sc. Written baukie. [baki.]
1. A narrow strip of land separating two farms.
Sc. N. & Q. (1868) 4th S. i. 270.
2. A head-stake for fastening a cow at milking-time
(JAM.). See Balk, sb.1
Bcb.
[Balk, sb. + -ie (-y).}
BALKING, vbl. sb. Wor. Oxf. Hrt. Suf. Ess. Ken. Cor.
Also written baulking Wor. Hrt. [bpkin.]
1. A mode of ploughing land in ridges, usually to lie
fallow.
Suf. In this mode the land is not all stirred ; a portion [or balk]
is passed over. Also called Balk-ploughing, RAINBIRD (1819) 287.
cd. 1849. Cor.2 Ploughing the land so as to turn over the turf to
rot. Elsewhere called ribbing and combing, MS. add.
Hence Balking-plough, sb.
Oxf.1 A plough used to make the furrows in which potatoes are
planted or seed sown, MS. add.
2. To miss a strip of ground in sowing or ploughing.
Wor. Baulking or strike-balking, putting in seed too thin, Ann.
Agric. (1784-1815). Hrts. ELLIS Mod. Hitsb. (1750) VI. ii. Snf.,
Ess., Ken. Balking or balk-ploughing, careless ploughing ; see
also Raftering, MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
3. Laying down beams of timber.
[Among barge-builders, baulking with timber is the operation
of laying down on the foreshore timber upon which the men engaged
in barge-building stand and work instead of standing in the water
and mud, Gl. Lab. (1894).]
[See Balk, v.}
BALK-PLOUGHING, see Balking.
BALKY, adj. Wil. Amer. Written borky Wil.1
1. Of a horse : 'jibbing,' unsteady.
[U.S.A. That condition known to Americans as ' balky ' and to
Englishmen as 'jibbing,' Globe (July 23, 1889) i.]
2. Of persons: slightly intoxicated.
Wil.i
[See Balk, v. I. 4.]
BALL, sb.1 Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also
written baa, bal S. & Ork.1 ; bau Wm.1 ; baw Sc. Lan. ;
bo Cum.1 Lan. [ba, b§, boa, b^l, bpal.] Of things
shaped like a ball.
1. A dumpling.
Lan. If a' waur dead beside we'd ha' curran' baws i' the pot,
ROBY Trad. (1873) I. 443 ; As heavy as amustertbo, TIM BOBBIN
View. Dial. (1740) 34. Chs. A barm baw is a yeast dumpling [s.v.
Barm baw].
2. The calf of the leg.
Sh.I. [The dog] sank his yackles fair inta ta baa o' his leg,
BURGESS Rasmie (1893- 14. S. & Ork.1 Kcb. Ane scours the
plain well kilted to the baw. DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 96. Cum.1
T'bo' o' t'leg.
3. The palm of the hand ; the sole of the foot.
S. & Ork.1, Wm.1 n.Yks.1 About t'bigness o' t'ball o' my hand.
ne.Yks.1 It catched ma i' t'ball o' my han'. e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T. H.
w.Yks. Hlfx. IVds. ; Leeds Merc. Suppl. (July 25, 1891) ; w.Yks.1
A bee tang'd me reight i' th' baw o1 my hand ; w.Yks.5 ne.Lan.1
The round part of the bottom of a horse's foot. Whar is it ? —
It's i' t'ball o' t'foot. s.Not. (J.P.K.), Nhp.1
4. The footprint of a fox.
[MAYER Sptsmn.'s Direct. (1845) 131.]
5. A nodule, small lump or mass.
Nhb.1 Brown thill mixed with post balls, Borings 11881) 146.
The charge from a puddling furnace; the fused materials from an
alkali maker's balling furnace. Nhb., Dur. Blue metal with iron-
stone balls, ib. II. 7.
6. Comp. Ball-stone, (i) ironstone lying in balls, found
near the surface ; (2) a kind of limestone found near
Wenlock.
Shr.l*
7. Fuel of anthracite coal-dust and clay made into small
oval lumps.
s.Pem. (W.M.M.) ; LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 419.
8. A knoll, a rounded hill.
w.Som.1 I know many fields in different parishes called ' the ball,'
as ' Cloutsham ball ' ; all are hilly and rounded.
9. A large and compact shoal of herrings.
N.I.1 Sea-birds pouncing on a ball of fry are said to be balling.
10. Comp. (i) Ball-bias ; (2) -cracker, a kind of fire-
work ; (3) -head, a fish-name ; see Bull-head ; (4) -stone,
ironstone lying in balls, found above the top coal ; also a
kind of limestone, see below.
(i) Ken. Ball-bias, a running game, much like ' rounders,'
played with a ball (W.F.S.). (2) Lon. What larks there is with
the ball-crackers ! MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) I. 430. (3) Nrf.
A few ball-heads varied the catches, E. Even. News (Aug. 3,
1889) 3, col. i. (4) Stf.1 Shr. Ball-stones, a name given by
quarrymen to the concretionary masses in the Wenlock limestone
(E.H.G.) ; MARSHALL Review (1818; II. 199 ; Shr.12
11. Phr. the ball on the hat, a scapegoat, ' cat's-paw."
Sur.1 * He'd a mind to make me the ball on the hat between him
and the police,' said a witness before the Godstone Bench.
[3. The ball of the hand, palma, vola. The ball of the
foot, planta pedis, ROBERTSON Phras. (1693) ; A balle of
j>e hand or of fote, callus, Caih. Angl. 8. Cp. ON. bollr,
a ball ; also a rounded hill, in the local name Ballar-a, a
farm in the w. of Iceland (VIGFUSSON).]
BALL, sb.2 Irel. Oxf. In comp. Ball-party, a dancing-
party; phr. ball of dancing,
Tip. He ordered a ball party in memory of it, Flk-Lore Jrn.
(1883) VI. 55. Oxf.1 U baul u daa-nsin. Obsol.
BALL, sb.3 Obsol. Cum. Yks. Ess. A name given to
a white-faced horse. See Bald.
w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. Ess. Obs. Be wise who first doth teach thy
childe that Art [i.e. Musick], Least homelie breaker mar fine
ambling ball, TUSSER Husbandrie (1580) 185, st a.
Hence Bailie, adj. of a horse, pie- or skew-bald.
Cum. (J.Ar.) ; (M.P.) J Cum.1 s.v. Boly.
[Prob. of Celtic origin ; cp. In and Gael, ball, spot, mark
(MACBAIN) ; Breton bal, a white mark on an animal's face
(Du RUSQUEC).]
BALL, v.1 Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also
written baal Con1 ; bal S. & Ork.1 Cor.2 [ba, b§, b^l,
o track the footprints of a fox. See Ball, sb.1 4.
w.Som.1 Aay bau'ld u fauks dai-matir-neen aup-m Naa-pee-
Kloaz [I saw the track of a fox this morning up in Knappy Close].
Dev. A fox had been . . . balled into a brake, DAVIES Memoir
Russell (1878) 134. nw.Dev.1
2. To throw at, to pelt. Hence Balling, vbl. sb. pelting.
S. & Ork.1
3. To beat or thrash.
Dev., Cor. A', d" Q. (1854) Ist S. x. 179, 376. Cor. Howld your
hooghly [cross] tongue Or Use he'l bal ee black (M.A.C.); QUIL-
LER-CoucH Hist. Polpcno (1871) ; Cor.1 ; Cor.2 Bal' en well.
BALL
"J
BALLOT
Hence Balled, ppl. adj. beaten ; Balling, vbl. sb. a
beating, thrashing.
(i) Cor. I'll never more be so baled and abused, J. TRENOODLE
Spec. Dial. (1846) 44; Cor.1 (2) Cor.i; Cor.2 Gibb'n a good
balin.
4. Of snow : to gather in hard lumps, to adhere to the
feet. In gen. use.
Nhb. He had walked a long way in the snow. . . . His iron-shod
clogs 'balled' a good deal, and each step added many ounces
to his feet. He had to stop constantly to kick off the weight
which clung to them, s.Tynedale Stud. (1896) ft. Armstrong's
Wraith. Dur.1, Chs.1, Not.1 nXin.1 It was pag-rag daay five-
an-fo'ty year sin', an' I roade my black mare to Brigg, an' th' snaw
ball'd soa I thoht noht else but that she wo'd be doon ivery
minit. Lei.1, Nhp.1, War. (J.R.W.), War.3, Hnt. (T.P.F.)
5. Phr. to ball off, to finish quickly, to cease.
Nhb. The steam ' balled off' sooner than the engine-man
anticipated, RICHARDSON Borderer's Table-bk. (1846) V. 172. Nhp.1
Ball it off, to do anything expeditiously. A phrase current amongst
mechanics.
BALL, v.2 n.Irel. Of sea-birds : to pounce on a ' ball '
or shoal of herrings. See Ball, sb.1 9.
N.I.1 Sea-birds pouncing on a ball of fry are said to be balling
[s.v. Balling].
BALL, see Bawl.
BALLA, see Ballow, v.
BALLANT, sb. Sc. Nhb. [ba'lant] A ballad, a song.
Sc. I daur say Mr. Skreigh can sing us the ballant, SCOTT Guy
M. (1814) ix ; Like Jock-the-Giant-killer in the ballant, wi' his
coat o' darkness, and his shoon o' swiftness, ib. xxiv ; When I am
tired of scraping thairm or singing ballants, ib. Redg. (1824) xi ;
Peddling ballants, STEVENSON Weir (1896) iii. Edb. Their ballants
and their stories will never be sae funny again, MOIR Mansie
Wauch (1828) 149. N.Cy.1 Nhb. Aw lik'd a ballant, or a buik.
WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) 57 ; Liltin" o'er the auld Scots
ballants, ARMSTRONG Wanny Blossoms 11876) 17; Nhb.1
[A corn of ballad, with change of surf, -ad to the more
common ending -ant.]
BALLARAG, see Ballyrag.
BALLARD, sb. Som. Dev. [ba-lad.] A castrated
ram. See Stag.
w.Som.1 w.Dev. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796).
BALLATRONGH, see Ballitraunt.
BALLERAG, see Ballyrag.
BALLET, sb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Nhp. War.
Shr. Hrf. Brks. Ess. Ken. Sus. Wil. Som. Dev. Also
written ballat, ballit. [ba'lat, bae-lat]
1. A song, a ballad ; sometimes applied to the sheet
upon which several songs are printed.
Cum. Thus Hercules, that ballats say Made parlish monsters
stoop, GiLPiti Sngs. (1866)8; Relph calls one of his pieces 'A Bran
New Ballet' (M.P.). m.Yks.1 Lan. Teighch me that ballit, CLEGG
Daisy (1890) 90. neXan.1, e.L.-in.1 s.Chs.1 Ah)v got-n fl rae-r
baal'it ubaayt dhaat- wum'un uz wuz engd ut Ches'tur fOr peyznin
ur chahylt [Ah've gotten a rare ballet abaYt that woman as was
henged at Chester for peisonin' her chilt]. Der.1, Nhp.2 War.3
Run out and listen — there is a ballet singer in the road. Shr.1
' 'E toud 'er not to mak a ballet on it,' said of news not to be spread.
A ' 'ole i' the ballet ' is some part of a song or story forgotten. Hrf.
An' if thee dust want old English ballets thee casn't do better
thun go an' inquire amung the cottagers (Coll. L.L.B.). Brks.1
A long string of songs on a single sheet sold by itinerant vendors.
Ess. He'd some ballets bote, CLARK /. Noakes (1839) 25 ; Ess.1,
Ken.1, Sus.1 Wil. BRITTEN Beauties (1835). Som. JENNINGS Dial.
w.Eng. (1869). w.Som.1 Such as are sung at fairs. Dev. Julian
remained without, listening to the ballet, BARING-GOULD Urith
(1891) II. xxix ; Kassent thee gie us a ballet or tfi avoreyu go'th ?
HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892).
2. A pamphlet, so called because ballads are usually
published in pamphlet form.
Ken. De books and ballets flew about, like thatch from off de
barn, MASTERS Dick and Sal (c. 1821) st. 77 ; (P M.) • Ken.1
[Balade, a ballet, COTGR. ; The Ballet of Ballets of
Solomon (Song of Solomon), Bishops' Bible (1568) •
I occasioned much mirth by a ballet I brought with me
made from the seamen at sea to their ladies in town,
PEPYS Diary (Jan. 2, 1665). A corr. of ballad; for change
of suff. cp. salade, a sallet of herbs, COTGR.]
BALL-FURNACE, sb. Nhb. The furnace used for
fusing a mixture of limestone, coal, and sulphate of soda,
in alkali works.
Nhb.1
BALLING-HEAD, sb. w.Yks. [bpslin-iad.] A
machine used in wool-combing to wind wool into balls.
w.Yks. After the wool has been through the gill, strong, or
finishing boxes, it runs on to a balling-head (S.A.B.).
BALLION, sb.1 Sc. (JAM.)
1. A knapsack. .
2. A box that can be carried on the back ; esp. a tinker's
box in which his utensils are carried.
[Fr. ballon, a fardle or small pack, COTGR.]
BALLION, sb.2 n.Irel. An awkward, clumsy person.
Ant. (W.H.P.)
BALLIRAG, see Ballyrag.
BALLITRAUNT, sb. Obs. n.Dev. Also in form
ballatrongh. A foolish person, a buffoon ; used as
a term of contempt.
n.Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) ; Monthly Mag. (1808)
II. 422.
[Balatron, a babling, prating, or vain talking fellow,
BULLOKAR (1680) ; Balatron, a rascally base knave,
COCKERAM (1637). Lat. balatro, a babler, prater; also
rogue and rascal, COLES (1679). For the -/ of ballitraunt
cp. peasant, tyrant.]
BALL-MONEY, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Chs. Written
ba'-money Sc. Money demanded and forcibly exacted
at the church gates from the bridegroom and other men
of a wedding party ; originally applied to buying a foot-
ball for the parish.
Sc. Whenever a marriage is about to be celebrated a crowd of
young people very quickly gathers and the cry for Ba'-money is
raised almost with enthusiasm (JAM. Suppl.). N.Cy.1 Money
demanded of a marriage company and given to prevent their being
maltreated. In the North it is customary for a party to attend at
the church gates, after a wedding, to enforce this claim. The gift
was originally designed to buy a football. Nhb.1 Cum.1 Money
given by wedding parties [in «.Cum.] at the church gates to
children to buy balls. In some parishes the scholars buy coals
with this money for the school fires. The men give each, if booted
and spurred, sixpence ; the women nothing. In the w. the money
is given without rule, and is spent on sweets, &c. Chs.1 ; Chs.3
To obtain it, especially if the bridegroom is known as a stingy man,
a rope is sometimes drawn across the road. Formerly the money
was supposed to go towards the football fund of the parish.
BALLOCH, sb.1 Sc. (JAM.) Also written belloch. A
narrow pass.
Slg. The access to the muir is by narrow passes called ballochs,
Gargunnock Stat. Ace. XVIII. 94 ; The road I came leads from
Glen Pheagen, by a belloch, or deep opening through the moun-
tains, Blackw. Mag. (1819) 663.
[Gael, and Ir. bealach, a pass (MACBAIN).]
BALLOCH, adj. and sb* Bnff.
1. adj. Slow, reluctant.
Bnff. In common use. Lassie, I met yir lad i the market. Ye'll
be maid up i the tail o' Yeel [Yule] in ye get yon bit balloch boddie
(W.G.) ; Bnff.1
2. sb. and adj. A plump, short person ; strong, plump.
Bnff. Often applied to children. Sic a bonnie balloch o' a bairn ;
grace an growan till't ! (W.G.) ; Bnff.1
BALLOCK, adj. Yks. Not. Written balack Yks. In
comp. Balack-handed, left-handed ; also fie. clumsy.
w.Yks. Yks. N. &* Q. (1888) II. 14.
Hence Ballocky, adj. left-handed.
s.Not. He bowls bollocky an' bats right-'anded. Also in form
bollocky-'anded (J.P.K.>
BALLOCK, see Bellock.
BALLOON, sb. Obs. Sc. A large leather ball used
in the game called balloon, in which the ball was thrown
or kicked from one player to another.
Sc. Perhaps you would like a game at balloon ; we have an
indifferent good court, and a set of as gentleman-like blades as ever
banged leather against brick and mortar, SCOTT Nigel (1822) xxiii.
BALLOT, sb. Som. [ba'lst.] A bundle, a package.
Som. A person who has a great deal of news to tell is said to
have a ' regular ballot of news ' (H.G.). w.Som.1
[Fr. ballot (balot), a little pack, or fardle, COTGR.]
BALLOW
BALOO
BALLOW, sb. Obs. n.Cy. Not. Ken. A cudgel,
stick, pole.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). Not. There was paid to dyuers for kyddes
and ballowewood, Nottingham Rec. (1621) ed. Stevenson, IV. 375.
Ken.1
[A ballow, a pole, a long stick, a quarter-staff, BAILEY
(1721 ) ; Ise try whether your costard or my ballow be the
harder, SHAKS. K. Lear, iv. vi. 247 ; John Bull Sheriff's Ser-
geant at Mace sues Thomas Hewett cobbler for assaulting
him with a staff beaked with iron called ' a ballowe staff,'
Not. Rec. (1504), IV (Glossary).]
BALLOW, v. Yks. Lan. Chs. [ba'la.] Also written
balla Lan.1
1. To lay claim to an object, partner in a game, &c., by
right of first choice. Cf. slang phr. ' Bags I.'
w.Yks. If two boys shall at the same moment see nuts, or other
fruit, on a tree, and if one of them shall, before the other, pro-
nounce the words ' ballow me those,' he is entitled to them, Hlfx.
Wds. Lan. Balla me that (C.W.S.) ; Lan.1 Balla me th' apples.
Chs.1 ; Chs.2 Used by boys at play, when they select a goal or
companion. I hallow, or I ballow me, that place or person ;
CHS."
2. Phr. balla my hand, signal for truce or a temporary
stoppage of the game for rest, £c., by boys at play. Cf.
barley.
Lan. ' Balla my hand ' is said so that the game may be stopped
a little while for the transaction of other business, ROWLEY Notes
on Slang in Odds and Ends (1870).
BALL-RIB, see Baldrib.
BALL-SQUAB, see Bald.
BALLUP, sb. Sc. Nhb. [ba'lap.] The old-fashioned
flap that fastens over the waistband of the trousers.
Sc. (JAM.), N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
[Then he put on the old man's breeks, Was patch'd
from ballup to side, Rob. Hood ,(c. 1600) ed. Kitson,
xxin. 58. Prob. the same word as baglap, in Complaynt
ofSc. (1549) 66.]
BALLY, see Bale.
BALLYCOG, sb. Sc. A milk-pail.
Bnff. (JAM.) ; A ballycog is also called a bally. A cog is not so
tall as a pail, and has a handle for carrying it. and not a ' bow ' as
a pail has (W.G.).
BALLY-MUCK, sb. Cor. An ill-constructed thing.
w.Cor. (M.A.C.) Cor.2 A ballymuck of a dock.
BALLYRAG, sb. Cor. Slang, [bae-liraeg.]
1. Violent or coarse abuse.
Cor. Old Ann was full of her ballarag (M.A.C.) ; Cor.2
2. A free fight in jest.
Slang. The conclusion of a big ' wine ' [at Oxford] is often
a wholesale ballyrag or melee, always carried on in good temper,
FARMER.
BALLYRAG, v. Irel. Cum. Yks. Der. Also Hrf. Sus.
Hmp. I.W. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written
balarag GROSE ; ballarag Wil.1 Cor.1 ; ballerag w.Yks. ;
ballirag Sus. I.W.1 Som. ; balrag Irel. n.Yks.1 2 ; bally-
wrag Hrf.2 Som. Cor.1 ; bellrag Hrf.1 See also Bullyrag,
[ba'lirag, bae'liraeg.]
1. To abuse violently, to scold or revile in foul language.
Ir. (G.M.H.) ; I'll not be ballyragged, CARLETON Fardorougha
(1848) xviii. Wxf. Jos was after balragging the priest, KENNEDY
Even. Duffrey (1869) 81. n.Yks.12 w.Yks. WILLAN List Wds.
(i8ir). n.Der. I wunna stay for to hear ye ballaragging one as
has iver been kind, VERNEY Stone Edge (1868) xii. Shr., Hrf.
BOUND Prov. (1876). Hrf.12 Sus. HOLLOWAY. s.Hmp. She and
I had had words once . . . she ballaragged me sorely, VERNEY
L. Lisle (1870) xi. Hmp.1 I.W.1; I.W.2 Dedn't the wold dooman [sic]
gimme a ballyraggen? Wil. SLOW Gl. (1892). n.Wil. (E.H.G.)
Wil.1 Dor. She hunted about everywhere, ballyragging Jack by
side and by seam, HARDY Tess (1891*1 172, ed. 1895 ; Many's the
time as I've zaid a good word vor Lotty when other v'oks 'ud
ballywrag she, HARE VUl. Street (1895) 269 ; BARNES Gl. (1863).
Som. Yo beant a-gwaine to ballyrag my awl 'ooman, JENNINGS Dial.
tv.Eng. (1869); He do.. .ballyrag, an' holler hiszelf into zitch a tare,
RAYMOND Gent. Upcott (1893) 87; SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885);
W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 Uur baal'irag-n lig u pik'pau-gul
[she abused him like a pickpocket] is a very common expression.
Dev. Whotiver dfiee kep on zo vor ? Yd bant niver 'appy lest yil
VOL. 1.
can ballyrag zombody, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892). n.Dev. GROSE
(1700) MS. add. (H.) Dev.1 w.Cor. And 'bused and ballyragged
me, THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) 7. Cor.1 Colloq. A low
but ludicrous term in use only with the vulgar, TOONE.
Hence Ballyragging, vbl. sb. scolding, abuse.
s.Lns. With the drink and the balragging the old woman gave
me, my head is splitting ever since, Leg. of Aft. Lns. (1885) pt. iv.
91. Brks.1 Nrf. Let's ha' none o' yar ballyragging here, young
man (W.R.E.). Cor.1 She gov' me a sound ballaragging. Colloq.
I can't have my adjutant aiding and abetting the other subalterns
in every silly bit of bear-fighting and ballyragging, PEACOCK
Soldier and Maid \ 1890) ii.
2. To play a practical joke, to mob or hustle a person.
Slang. [At Oxford] to ballyrag a man's rooms is to turn them
upside down, to make ' hay' of them, BARRERE & LELAND.
BALM, sb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Lin. Lei. Shr.
Pern. Brks. Hrt. Ess. I.W. Wil. Som. Also written
baam I.W.1 ; bame Brks.1 w.Som.1 ; baulme Ess. ;
baum Cum. n.Lan.1 m.Lan.1 n.Lin.1 Hrt. ; bawm(e n.Yks.2
w.Yks.1 Chs.13 Shr.1; borne Der.1 Pern, [bam, b^m,
boam ; w.Som. beam.]
1. The plant Melissa officinalis.
n.Yks.2, w.Yks.1, aLan.1, Chs.13. Der.1, Lei.1, Shr.1, s.Pem.
(W.M.M.), Brks.1 Hrt. ELLIS Mod. Husb. (1750) IV. ii. Ess.
Strowing herbes of all sortes . . . Baulme, set in March, TUSSER
Husbandrie (1580) 95. I.W.1, w.Som.1
2. Comp. Balm-tea, an infusion of balm, used medi-
cinally for feverish colds, &c.
Cum. An old woman from the border, in days when foreign
things and tea were dear, said she had made her husband mint-tea,
and baum-tea, and Rob-run-by-the-dyke-tea, but he wad hae
nought but the real thing! (M.P.) w.Yks. Ther's nubdy nivver
ails owt et a drop o' bawm teah will'nt cure, HARTLEY Clock Aim.
(1889) 45- m.Lan.1 Yo' tawk abeawt yo'r fancy patent med'suns
at thirteen pence ho'p'ny, but o' th' lot on 'em put together isn'd
wo'th a pint o' baum lay. Chs.1 n.Lin.1 Used both for drinking
and for fomentations. Shr.1 I doubt that family's mighty bad off,
the poor 66man said 'er'd 'ad nuthin but a drop o' bawme tay all
the wik. w.Som.1 Bae-um tai- is thought to be a fuyn dhing vur
dh-ee'nfurmae'urshn [fine thing for inflammation].
3. Phr. Balm of Gilead, wild balm, Melitlis mdissophyllum.
Wil.1
[Melisse, the herb called balm or bawm, COTGR. ;
Bawme is called ... in Latine Melissa, ... in French
Melisse, ... in English, Balme or Bawme, GERARDE Herb.
(ed. 1633) 692 ; Bawme, herbe . . . tnelissa, Prompt.}
BALM, v. Yks. Stf. Lei. Nhp. Ess. Also written baum
Yks. Stf. Nhp. ; bawm Lei.1 Nhp.1 [bpm, boam.]
1. To besmear with any sticky substance ; to daub. Cf.
gaum, parge.
Stf. He was all bawmed over (W.H.). s.Stf. He'd bin coortin,
leanin again a fence as they'd baumed wi' gas tar, PINNOCK Blk.
Cy. Ann. (1895). Stf.2 You'n wesh childar nois av a mornin, an
afouar dinar dhei'n bi bormd 0 ouar sluj an muk. Lei.1 You can't
use that leather, it's bawmed all over with oil. Nhp. It is gener-
ally used with respect to little children who baum their fingers
with honey, jam, or other sticky substance. N. & Q. (1890) 7th S.
x. 236 ; Nhp.1 He bawmed and slawmed it all over mortar and
wash. Ess. That dish is all balmed up l^M.W.).
2. To fill up small holes with mortar, &c. ; alsoy?g.
w.Yks. Bring that lime here, and lets baum these hoils up.
I'll baum his een [eyes] up if he mells of me (M.N.).
[He . . . leyde or bawmede the cley on his y?en,
WYCLIF John ix. 6. The same word as Balm, sb.}
BALM, see Barm.
BALMY, see Barmy.
BALN-STONE, sb. Nhb. Dun Also written barn-
Nhb.1 The roof of a coal-pit at the entrance of the
workings ; roof-stone in a pit.
Nhb. Wor nose within the barn-styen set, WILSON Pitman's Pay
(1843) a6; Nhb.1 Nhb. & Dur. GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
BALOO, sb. Nhp. Dev. Also written belew Nhp.2
An uproar, disturbance.
Nhp.2 Des . Anether time, durin prare at Muston Church, thay
yerd a balloo owtzide,'GiLES in n.Dev. Jrn. (Oct. i, 1885) 2, col. 6 ;
Hur got inta sturricks like hummen vokes du, My ivers ! an zot
up a mortal balu, NATHAN HOGG Poet. Lett. (1847) 14, ed. 1866 ;
I wis tole thit a mortal baloo wis aun, ib. ai, ed. 1865.
U
BALOW
[146]
BAMBOOZLE
BALOW, int. and sb. Sc. n.Cy. Also written balou,
baloo. [balu'.J
1. int. A word used in lulling children to sleep ; hush !
Sc. Balow, my babe, ly stil and sleipe. Lady Bothwell's Lament
(1724). Ayr. Hee balou, my sweet wee Donald, BURNS Hee
Balou, st. i. Lth. Baloo, my bairnie, fa' asleep, SMITH Merry
Bridal (1866) 50. N.Cy.i
2. sb. A lullaby.
Sc. In his possession there are two balowes ... the first The
balow, Allan, the second Palmer's Balow, RITSON Essay Sng.
(JAM.) Abd. Sing baa-loo to the bairn. Hence, ' come to yer
baa-loo ' means ' come to bed' (W.M.). Per. A bairn hushed by
mamie's balow. She's singing a Psalm o' David's fora balow (G. W. ).
Gall. Baloo may be sung to any tune, or to one improvised by the
mother or nurse. Psalm-tunes are used and sung slowly and with
many grace notes and slurs (A.W.).
[Well is that soul which God in mercie exerciseth
daylie . . . not suffering it to be rocked and lulled with
Sathan's balowes in the cradle of securitie, BOYD Last
Battell (1625) 308 (JAM.) ; Followis ane sang of the birth
of Christ with the tune of Baw lu la law, Godly Ballates
in Ritson's Essay Sng. Ivi (JAM.).]
BALRAG, see Ballyrag.
BAL-R1B, see Bald-rib.
BALSCAT, sb. Cor. [bae'lskast.] A shrew, a cross-
patch.
Cor.1 She's a regular ould balscat ; Cor.2 3
BALSER, sb. Brks. The largest-sized stone marble,
specially used by boys for Long-taw.
Brks. A balser is about one inch in diameter. It is used in such
games of marbles as ' Long-taw,' ' Big-ring,' and ' Castles' (B.L.) ;
Brks.1
BALSHAG, sb. Cor. [bae-lfasg.] A coarse flannel
with a long nap, used in mines.
Cor. And around many of their ankles they wore a bandage of
very coarse flannel, which the captain told me was called balshag,
TREGELLAS Farmer Brown (1857) 34 ; Cor.12
BALTER, sb. Stf. A tangle ; a lump.
Stf.2 Iz yed waz o' av 3 bortsr 3 kSrlz [all of a baiter of curls].
BALTER, v.1 Wm. Yks. Also written bauter n.Yks.2 ;
bawther e.Yks.1 [bou'ta(r), bou'ba(r).]
1. To tread heavily and clumsily, to walk unsteadily, to
stumble.
n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 To tread in a clownish manner, as an ox does
the grass. e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (July 25, 1891).
Hence Battering, vbl, sb. the footprint of an animal in
the clay.
n.Yks.2
2. To do anything in a bungling way.
Wm.1, e-Yks.1
Hence Baltering, ppl. adj. unsteady, clumsy.
n.Cy. Border Gl. e.Yks.1 Noo mind hoo thoo gans alang,
thoo greeat bawtherin thing !
[1. He (the bear) baltyrde, he bleryde, he braundyschte
)>er after, Morte Arth. (c. 1440) 782 (MATZNER). Cp. Dan.
baltre, boltre, to wallow, welter, tumble.]
BALTER, v? Chs. War. Shr. Bdf. Also written
bauter s.Chs.1 Shr.1; bawter Chs.1 Also bolter, q.v.
To cohere, to form into lumps or balls.
War.1 ; War.3 Baiter, to cohere, as snow on horses' hoofs.
Hence (i) Baltered, ppl. adj. tangled, clogged, matted
together ; (2) Baltery, adj. lumpy, clogged.
(i) Chs.1 Bawtert wi' slutch [clogged with mud]. s.Chs.1
Ahy)v just bin mil-kin, un ahy)m bau'turd wi ky'aaymiik [I've
just bin milkin', an' I'm bautered wi' cal-muck]. Shr.1 Said of hair.
(2) Bdf. Our flour is so baltry, that we put it on the floor and
trample it (J.W.B.).
[To baulter ones hair, complicare crines, ROBERTSON
Phras. (1693).]
BALTIORUM, sb. Yks. Riotous proceedings ; the
boisterous merry-making which often accompanies
a bonfire.
n.Yks.1 They played the very baltiorum.
BAM, sb.1 Sc. Cum. Yks. Lan. Lin. Nhp. War. Cor.
[bam, baem.J
1. A joke, trick, counterfeit, hoax.
Sc. The laird, whose humble efforts at jocularity were chiefly
confined to what were then called bites and bams, since denomi-
nated hoaxes and quizzes, had the fairest possible subject of wit,
SCOTT Guy M. (1815) iii. Cum. Nea doubt he thought scrapin'
was nought bit a bam, DICKINSON Cumbr. (1876) 221; (M.P.);
Cum.1 n-Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 It's all a bam. ne.Yks.1 It's nowt
bud a bam. e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788). m.Yks.1
Slang. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (M.) ; Life B. M. Caretv (1791) Gl.
2. A false or deceitful tale.
w.Yks.1 Lan. DAVIES Races (1856) 226. ne.Lan.1, n.Lin.1
w.Cor.1 Don't make a fool of me, you are telling me a lot of bams.
He tried to pass off a bam upon me (M.A.C.) ; Her whole story is
made out of an old bam told in other parishes, BOTTRELL Trad.
(1880) 3rd S. 64 ; The following story, which she called ' a mere
bam of a Droll,' ib. 68.
3. Fudge, nonsense.
Nhp.1, War.3
[Bam (a local word), a cheat, a sham, a knavish trick,
Sc., ASH (1795) ; Bam, a sham or pretence, a lying excuse,
DYCHE (1748). The first trace of the word appears in
Gibber's Double Gallant (1707). It is discussed by Swift
in his introduction to Polite Conversation (1738), where he
mentions among the exquisite refinements then in vogue
— bam for bamboosle, and bamboosle for God knows what,
FARMER.]
BAM, sb? Wil. Som. [baem.] A rough gaiter oi
pieces of cloth wound about the legs, much used by
shepherds and others exposed to cold weather.
n.Wil. (E.H.G.) Wil.1 The old man ... had bams on his legs
and a sack fastened over his shoulders like a shawl, PARRY Story of
Dick (1892) xii. Som. And a wore zort o' bams tied wi' list, in-
stead ofreglar gaiters, ' AGRIKLER' Rhymes (1872) 18.
BAM, v.1 Sc. Yks. Lin. [bam.] To play a trick or
joke on a person ; to impose upon, delude.
Slk. An air o' insincerity, almost o' banter, plays ower your
features, as if you were bammin the public ; — but the public's no
sae easy bammed, CHR. NORTH Noctes (ed. 1856) III. 126.
n.Yks.1; n. Yks.2 They bamm'd him. Always bamming. ne.Yks.1
In rare use. He bamm'd ma. e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ.
(1788). n.Lin.1 Colloq. Now you're bamming me — don't attempt
to put such stories off on your old granny, MARRYAT King's Own
(1830) xlix. Slang. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (M.)
[The same as Bam, sb.1]
BAM, v? Yks. Lan. [bam.]
1. To beat, to strike.
ne.Lan.1
2. To browbeat, to bully.
e.Yks. Ah couldn't get a wod in neeah hoo, that lawyer chap
bammed ma seeah, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 23; e.Yks.1 MS.
add. (T.H.)
BAMBAZED, adj. Sc. Puzzled, confused.
Sc. I'm clean bambazed, DICKSON Auld Precentor (1894) 97- *"if.
He stood gazing aboot him bambazed, no' kennin' whaur to play
next, M°LAREN Tibbie (1894) 87.
BAMBLE, v. e.An. [bae-mbl.]
1. To shamble, to walk unsteadily.
e-An.1, Nrf.1, Suf. (F.H.)
2. To tread one's boots awry.
e-An.1 How yew dew bamble your shoes. Suf. (F.H.)
Hence Bambler, sb. (i) A person who shambles, or
walks unsteadily; (2) a person who treads his boots
awry.
Suf. (F.H.)
BAMBOOZE, v. Yks. [bambu'z.] To abuse ; to domi-
neer over, push about. See Bamboozle.
e.Yks. Still used, but very occasionally indeed (R.S.). w.Yks.
In common use round Bradford (S.K.C.); w.Yks.3 Au'm nooan
baan to be bambooz'd wi' thee.
BAMBOOZLE, v. Sc. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Lin.
Nhp. War. Brks. Bdf. Nrf. [bam-, baembu'zl.]
1. To deceive, cheat, impose upon.
Per. (G.W.) Ayr. May never wicked men bamboozle him !
BURNS Verses at Selkirk (1787). Wm. (B.K.), n. Yks. (G.W.W.),
ne-Yks.1 w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Mar. 15, 1884); w.Yks.1
ne.Lan.1 Chs.1 He's reg'lar bamboozled me. nw.Der.1, n-Lin.1,
Nhp.1, War. (J.R.W.), War.2, Brks.1 Bdf. BATCHELOR Anal.
Eng. Lang. (1809). Nrf. You have bamboozled me this morning;
. . . tell me what your game is, GIBBON Beyond Compare (1888) III.
xiii. Slang. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (M.)
BAMBY
[i47]
BANBURY TALE
2. To confuse, muddle ; to act or talk confusedly.
Nhb. Aa's fair bamboozelt wi' the job. He tried yen way an'
another, bamboozlin hissel past ivverything. Ye'll bamboozle
me if ye dinna tyek time (R.O.H.) ; Aw think aw see poor
Peter now, Bamboozlin' on for hours together, WILSON Pitman's
Pay (1843) 28.
3. To get the mastery of.
e.Yks. Leeds Merc. Supfl. (Mar. 15. 1884) ; Very rare in this
sense (R.S.).
4. To strike hard, to drive away.
e.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Mar. 15, 1884) ; When I was a boy
it was a favourite cricketing term. If a bowler sent up a careless
ball, the batsman was counselled ' Ti bamboozle it weel,' and if he
succeeded in driving it far away, whereby several runs were
obtained, he was rewarded by cries of ' Weel bamboozled ! ' (J.N.)
Hence (i) Bamboozled, ///. adj. embarrassed, bothered.
(2) Bamboozlement, sb. deception. (3) Bamboozling,
vbl. sb. the act of deceiving. (4) Bamboozling, ppl. adj.
deceiving, false.
(i) Sc. Everybody that went by glowered at her till she began
to feel shamefaced and bamboozled like, WHITEHEAD Daft Davic
(1876) 217, ed. 1894. Chs.3 (2) Sus. Bamboozlement is the
language for it. — Embezzlement she should have said, BLACKMORE
Springhaven (1887) xxxiv. (3) Sc. The species of wit which has
been long a favourite in the city, under the names of bamboozling,
hoaxing, and quizzing, SCOTT Nigel (1822) xviii. w.Yks. Neaw aw
am nut dreomin', nut I, Nur yet to bamboozlin' incloined, Warty
Rhymes (1894) 29. (4) Slang. Och, you bamboozling ould divil,
Raby Rattler (1845) iv.
[Certain words invented by some pretty fellows, such
as banter, bamboozle, country put, and kidney . . . some
of which are now struggling for the vogue, SWIFT Tatter
(1710), No. 230.]
BAMBY, adv. Dev. Cor. Also written barn-bye Dev.
Presently, soon ; by-and-by.
Dev. Thou'It vend out th' rearts on't bamby, ma braw vine
lasses ! MADOX-BROWN Daiale Bluth (1876) I. i ; She will come
bamby, w.Times (Feb. 26, 1886) 2, col. 2. n.Dev. Shalt ha' thee
vill o' appul dumplings An clotted crayme barn-bye, ROCK Jim an'
AW/ (1867) 7. Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 422 ; GROSE (1790)
MS. add. (C.)
[Repr. by-and-by.]
BAME, see Balm.
BAMF.u OAs.? Sc. To stump; to toss or tumble about.
Sc. He wont to be bamfin aff the heads wi' collier briggs whiles,
and they under close-reefed tap-sails, Gall. Encycl. (JAM. Suppl.}
[Not known to our correspondents.]
BAMFER, v. Cor. [baeTnfa(r).] To worry, torment.
THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) Gl.
Hence Bamfering, ppl. adj. tormenting, shrewish.
Cor.3 An unfortunate man told me he had ' a bamfering wife.'
BAMFOOZLE, v. Yks. Som. Cor. Also written bum-
foozle Cor.2 [bamfu-zl, baemfoVzl.] To play tricks upon,
to deceive ; to humbug.
n.Yks. (G.W.W.), ne.Yks.1 w.Som.1 Doa-n yiie lat-n baanv-
feo-zl ee [don't you let him take you in]. Cor. Her's to bamfoozle
th' sodger, PARR Adam and Eve (1880 iii ; Cor.2
[A pron. of bamboozle, prob. from assoc. w. confuse.}
BAMMEL, v. Sc. Yks. Shr. [ba-ml.] To knock, beat ;
to indulge in horseplay. See Bummil.
n.Yks. The man was bammlin' his wife about (I.W.). Shr.2
Hence Bammeling, ppl. adj. clumsy, awkward.
Rxb. A bamling chield (JAM.).
[Cp. LG. dial, bammeln ' hin und her schwanken,
tremulfe moveri ; dafiir sagt man aber lieber bummeln '
(Brem. Wtbch.) ; MLG. bimmeln und bammeln, ' lauten '
(ScHiLLER-LiJBBEN) ; EFris. bammeln, to strike hither
and thither (KOOLMAN).]
BAMMOCK, v. Nhp. Glo. Oxf. Hmp. Also in form
bommock Nhp.1 Oxf.1; bommux Glo.1 To knock about,
beat down ; to strike clumsily.
Nhp.1 How you bommock the children. Oxf.1 Er bommocks
out two or three 'ats a year, MS. add. Glo.1 Hmp. To knock
about, or beat about, so as to break up ; esp. of mole-hills, &c., in
a meadow. Go down there and hammock them about (W.H.E.).
BAMPEDUP,//ir. Chs. Vamped up ; mended so as to
last for a time. Chs.'
BAMS, sb. pi. Cor. Phosphorescence on the sea.
w.Cor. In use among St. Ives' fishermen (J.W.).
BAMSEY, sb. Yks. fba'mzi.] A fat red-faced woman.
Yks. (J.T.) n.Yks.i ; n.Yks.2 What a bamsey, with a face like
a full moon !
BAMSTICKLE, see Banstickle.
BAMULLO, sb. Sc. Also in the forms bomullo,
bomulloch (JAM.). In phr. to dance, laugh, or sing Bamullo,
to make one change one's mirth into sorrow, to make
one cry.
Sc. Strack the bully . . . upon the haffet as garr'd John Lance-
man dance Bamullo, DRUMMOND Muckomachy (1846) 35. Ags., Per.
' I'll gar you lauch, sing, or dance Bamullo ' is a threatening used
by parents or nurses, when their children are troublesome or
unseasonably gay, esp. when they cannot be lulled to sleep (JAM.).
BAN, sb. Yks. Lan. [ban.] A curse.
n.Yks.12, ne.Lan.1
BAN, v. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Ken. Som. [ban, baen.]
1. To curse ; to swear.
Sc. I seldom ban, sir, SCOTT Waverley (1814") xlviii ; Thaye bliss
wi'thair mooth, an' ban inwairdlie, RIDDELL Ps. (1857) Ixii. 4; Bless
thae wha ban you, HENDERSON St. Matt. (1862) v. 44 ; Whilk gart
him ban, DONALD Poems (1867) 15 ; An old wife . . . scolding and
banning as if I was the cause of the whole danger, WHITEHEAD
Daft Davie (1876^, 142, ed. 1894; The tod [fox] never fares better
than when he's bann'd, RAMSAY Prov. (1737). Abd. An' bann'd
his cowardly flight, FORBES Ajax (1742) 8 ; They banned like
Lairds, SHIRREF Poems (1790) 214. Fif. Another by his master
bann'd and cursed, TENNANT Anster (1812) 61, ed. 1871. Rnf.
I'll bann the day thou hither came, ALLAN Poems (1836) 145.
Ayr. The devil-haet, that I sud ban They ever think, BURNS Second
Ep. to Davie; I banned and I bellowed like desperation, GALT
Provost (1822) I. v. Kcb. An' bann wi' birr the geezen'd cap,
DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 112. n.Cy. GROSE (1790); Bannin,
Border Gl. ; N.Cy.2, Nhb.1 Cum. At Scales, great Tom Barwise
gat the ba' in his hand And t'wives aw ran out, and shouted, and
banned, HUTCHINSON Hist. Cum. (1794) II. 322. n/Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2
He bann'd till all was blue. m-Yks.1 w.Yks.1 They thersels winnot
stick at tellin lees, an bannin, ii. 298 ; w.Yks.5 He went banning
an' rawaming abart t'hars like a madman. Thah may ban till tuh's
fonder an' what thah is, fur what gaum I sal tak on thuh. Ken.
He bann'd him to the pit of Hell (K.).
Hence Banning, vbl. sb. swearing, curses.
Sc. Wha are ye, that 'are sae bauld wi' your blessing and
banning in other folk's houses ? SCOTT Pirate (1821) v. [Be it as it
may be is no banning, RAY Prov. (1678) 98.]
2. To scold, to chide.
Lnk. My mither jeers at me, And bans me for a dautit wean,
MOTHERWELL O wae be (1827). Nhb. My Eppie's voice, O wow
it's sweet, Even though she bans and scaulds a wee, N. Minstrel
(1806) 67.
8. To forbid, prohibit, prevent, shut out.
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1835) ; I ban he from gwain
there, W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; w.Som.1 Ee ban un vrum gwai-n ee-n
pun ee-z graewn [he forbid him from going in upon his land].
[1. To bann or curse, execrari, ROBERTSON Phras. (1693);
To ban, curse, maledicere, LEVINS Manip. (1570) ; Quhen
wiffis vald thar childir ban, Thai wald . . . Beteche thame
to the blak dowglass, BARBOUR Bruce (1375) xv. 536 ; To
teche him ... not to bann, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 12050.
ON. banna, to curse; cp. MLG. bannen (SCHILLER-LUBBEN),
Du. bannen (KiUAN). 2. Cp. Du. bannen, to scold
(OUDEMANS); Dan. bandes, to scold, to quarrel (Dansk
Ordbog). 3. ON. banna, to forbid, hinder, prohibit ; cp.
MHG. bannen, under threat and penalty to forbid (LEXER).]
BAN-BEGGAR, sb. Stf. Der. Nhp. War. Also written
ban-bygar Der.2 A beadle, a constable. See Bang-
Stf.1, Der.2 Nhp. He went by the name of the ban-beggar . . .
and every beggar he could see he fidgetted them out of the town,
N. & Q. (1883) 6th S. vii. 106. War. (J.R.W.)
[Ban (to proscribe) + beggar.]
BANBURY TALE, phr. Lin. Also Dev. In form
Bamberry Dev. Silly talk.
n-Lin.1 Dev. w. Times (Feb. 26, 1886) 2, col. a.
[This phrase is doubtless due to the well-known
nursery rhyme, ' Ride a-cock horse To Banbury Cross.']
u a
BANCELLING
[148]
BAND
BANCELLING, see Bensilling.
BANCOR, see Banker.
BAND, sb.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der.
Lin. War. Wor. Hrf. Ess. Also written bant Lan.1 e.Lan.1
Chs.1 nw.Der.1 ; bandtLan.1; bont Chs.1 Der.12 nw.Der.1
[band, bond.] Cf. bond.
1. (a) String, twine, cord ; a string for leading or tying,
or other purposes.
Sc. (S.K.C.) n.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) n.Yks. A dog
in a band, Old Prov. (A.C.) ; n-Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 It's not worth
a band's end ; n.Yks;3 ne.Yks.1, e.Yks.1 w.Yks. T'chap tees a
piece of band rahnd his tooth, BYWATER Sheffield Dial. (1839) 54.
ed. 1877 : It's th' length o' yo'r rule, an' my pocket comb, an' this
piece o' band, HARTLEY Budget (1868) 41 ; Tee some band raand
it neck an festen it to th' wall, it. Clock Olm. (1877) 35; Gi
us a bit o' band to spin mi castle-top wi (H.L.) ; w.Yks.3 Lan.
Aw teed mi owd clog wi o bant, COLLINS Poems (1859) 54 ; He'd
tendered it t'gether wi' a bant, BRIERLEY Marlocks (1867) 97 ; He
put some bant through th' corners o' th' flitch, an' hung it up to
dreigh, WOOD Hum. Sketches, 88 ; Lan.1, Chs.1, Der.1 2 Lin. You
get well howd o' the band while young squire untwisses the hook,
FENN Dick o' the Fens (1888) x. nXin. Wi' a bit o' band fer
a bridle, PEACOCK Tales and Rhymes (1886) 122 ; n.Lin.1 We hed
a moudiwarp e' a band, soa as we could sea how it thrust itsen
i'to th' grund, wi'oot lettin on it get awaay fra us. sw.Lin.1 I've
sent for a ball of band. War. (J.R.W.)
(b) In comp. (i) Band-layer, (2) -maker, one who
spins twine or cord ; (3) -scraper, a fiddler ; (4) -spinner,
see Band-layer ; (5) -string, a species of confection of a
long shape.
(i) n.Yks.2 (2) n.Yks.12 (3) Lan. He con swing his elbow wi
here an there a bant-scraper, CLEGG David's Loom (1894) xiii.
(4) w.Yks. BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865). (5) Sc. (JAM.)
2. (a) Rope.
Sc. The rope or tie by which black cattle are fastened to the
stake (JAM.). n.Yks.1 2 ne.Yks.1 w.Yks. We're teed wi' a bit
o' band, BRONTE Shirley (1849) iii ; Hev ye seen owt of our owd
brown coo, coomin' down yon brow, wi' a band about its neck?
(F.P.T.) Lan. You would ha' to dangle at th' end of a bant,
WAUGH Cliimn. Corner (1874) 30. Der.2
(b) In comp. (i) Band-layer, (2) -maker, a rope-
maker.
( I ) n.Yks.2 (2) n.Yks. 1 2
3. Hencey^. for free play, liberty, scope for action.
Yks. Yuh've gin him far to' much band, Philip Neville, ix.
w.Yks. He's hed a good length o' band (S.P.U.). Lan. Alleaw'd th'
owd woman length o' bant, COLLINS Poems (1859) 7. e-Lan.1 To
give one ' plenty of band.'
4. (a) A rope made of twisted hay or straw, used for
binding sheaves of corn ; also a thin rope of twisted straw
used in thatching.
n-Yks.1 e.Yks. Oor Jack gets a shilling a day an' his meeat
tor twistm hay bands, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) sr- e Yks '
Chs.i2, Stf.2, War. (J.R.W.) Ess. Let greenest stand, For making
of band, TUSSER Husbandrie (1580) 125, st. 17.
(b) In comp. (i) Band-hay, inferior hay used for
making bands, &c. ; (2) -maker, one who makes straw
bands with which to tie the sheaves at harvest-time • (3)
•making, the operation of twisting sheaf-bands
(i) s.Wor.1, Hrf.2 (2) n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.i The bandmakker,
who formed a trio with the takker-up and the binndther. n.Lin.i
A woman or child who makes bands. (3) n.Yks.1 Performed by
twisting lightly together, at the ear end, two handfuls of the long
corn. e-Yks.1 Johnny has not been to school this week ; how is
tnat?-Pleease, sor, he's geean band-makkin'.
5. A chain across a horse's back to hold up the shafts •
see Back-band.
ne.Lan.1
6. A soace of ground, containing twenty square yards.
7. A wooden fastening for a cow's neck.
w.Yks.1, ne-Lan.1, War. (J.R.W.)
8. A hinge or joint.
Sc. The old-fashioned hinge consisted of a hook affixed to the
door-post, and a band (with a loop at the end to fit the hook)
MAS \°J le,d°1?r«,'IuheSe hinges are called hooks and bands
(J AM. 6aA«.).Lnk. Without aroof, the gatCS fa"'n from their bands,
RAMSAY Gentle Ship. ^733) HI. j. 8. N.I.i s.v. Bats and Bands.
M.l,y. An iron joint or hinge used in connecting a flat rope that
has been broken. Nhb.1, Dur. (F. P.) Yks. Made un breeak t'band,
and ding deer off t'creeaks, Spec. Dial. (1800)24. n.Yks.1; n.Yks.2
A pair o' bands. e.Yks.1 Bands, sometimes highly floriated, may
be seen on all church doors, MS. add. (T. H.) m.Yks.i w.Yks. The
part of a hinge which clasps or finds the top rail of a gate (J.T.) ;
Doorbands of iron or brass, with a round hole to hang on a crook
and form a hinge, are called ' Bands and crooks,' BANKS Wkfld.
Wds. (1865); w.Yks.1, ne.Lan.1 Chs.1 Bands for doors of farm-
buildings. n.Lin.1 The iron work on a door to which the hinges
or sockets are fastened. War. (J.R.W.)
9. The piece of wood placed horizontally, to which the
boards of a common door are nailed.
Chs.i, War. (J.R.W.)
10. Phr. (i) There's a band for thee, equiv. to common
saying 'Go and hang yourself; (2) to hang in the same
band, to be concerned in the same matter ; (3) to have
another band by the end, to have a new pursuit in view ;
(4) to keep in band, of forest land : to keep fenced or
hedged in ; (5) to keep the band in the ruck, to keep every-
thing working smoothly, to be able to continue in any given
way (metaphor borrowed from spinning terms).
(l) n.Yks.2 (2) Thoo's hung i' t'seeam band, ib. (3) it. (4)
Nhp. The proprietors of the underwood in the forest woods are
empowered by the ancient laws and customs of the forest, to fence
in each part or sale as soon as it is cut, and to keep it in band, as
it is here termed, for seven years, Reports Agric. (1793-1813) 34.
(5) Nhb.1 w.Yks. Aw mun keep th' band i' th' nick if aw can,
HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1877) 40. Der.1
[1. Two cobill notis uppon a bande, Loo ! litill babe,
what I have broght, York Plays (c. 1400) 122; A purs that
heng [doun] by a bande, CHAUCER R. Rose, 240. 2. A
moder ass yee sal bar find, And yee hir sal undo Ute of
hir band, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 14969. 8. Bande of a dure,
vertebra, Cath. Angl. ; I saide that he shuld breke Youre
barres and bandes, Towneley Myst. (c. 1450) 248; pe
prisun dors left als he fand, Noiber he brak ne barr ne
band, Cursor M. 19306. The word in the form bann
occurs in Irish and Gaelic in the sense of 'hinge'; see
O'REILLY, MACLEOD, and MACBAIN.— ON. band, that with
which anything is bound, a fetter, cord ; cp. OFris. band
(RICHTHOFEN).]
BAND, sb.s Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. [band.]
1. A projecting piece of wood which goes round the top
of a cart.
w.Yks.2
2. The hair-band or brow-band formerly worn by women ;
a snood.
Sc. A good face needs nae band, and an ill ane deserves nane,
RAMSAY Prov. (1737); (G.W.)
3. Of a house : the string-course along its walls.
w.Yks.2
4. An interstratification of stone or shale with coal ;
also applied sometimes to a thin stratum of any kind,
from half an inch to six inches in thickness.
N.Cy.i, Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849) ; White
band, Borings ' 1881) II. 2 ; Gl. Lab. (1894).
5. Comp. Band-scale, a scale by which the hewers are
paid an extra price above the ordinary tonnage price,
according to the thickness of band.
Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
6. Comp. (i) Band-fish, the fish Cepoia rubescens, or
red band-fish ; (2) -gamier, the sheldrake, Tadorna
belonii.
(i) SATCHELL. (a) Nhb.1 This bird has a band of rusty red
colour.
[1. Bande ot a carte, crusta, Cath. Angl. Fr. bande, a
long, narrow piece of material, a strip, edge, side ; cp. It.
bdnda, any side or shore, any thin plate of metall to bind
(FLORIO).]
BAND, sb.3 Sc. Yks. Shr. [band.]
1. A choir.
Fif. It would be a bonnie kirk, wi' the sky for a roof, the birds
for a baund, ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 24.
2. In comp. Band-mate, a fellow-chorister.
w.Yks. I was at a loss for my band-mate, EVERETT Blacksmith
ved. 1831) iii; In use locally (S.K.C.) ; (H.B.J
BAND
BANDS
3. Two things, a brace ; also applied to a number of
things fixed on a string.
Sh.I. Piltacks tied by a short length of string or straw to be
hung over another string or rod to be dried (K. I.). S. & Ork.1
4. Phr. to work in the band, of colliers : to labour for
a whole day at stocking coals down.
Shr.2
[Fr. bande, fr. It. bdnda, a troop of men (FLORIO).]
BAND, sb* Sc. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. [band.]
1. The ridge of a small hill.
Sc. Keep the band of the hill a' the way, Blackzv. Mag. (Mar.
1823)317 (JAM.). Cum. Taylor's Ghyll Band, LINTON Lake Cy.
(1864) 315 ; Cum.1 w.Yks. An elevated ridge on high moors,
LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) 82. ne.Lan.1 Swirl band.
2. The narrow slope of a fell.
Wm.1 Bowfell Band.
3. A boundary on high and unenclosed land. Also in
phr. to break bands, to trespass, break bounds.
Cum. He breaks bands like a Herdwick tip, GIBSON Pop. Rhymes
(1861) 19; Cnin.1
[Prob. the same as Band2, in the sense of ' edge, side.']
BAND, v. Suf. [bsend.] To run a line of hazel
or other flexible wood intertwiningly along the top of
a hedge to keep it more firmly within the hedge-stakes.
Suf. (F.H.) ; RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 291, ed. 1849.
BANDALIER, BANDELEER, see Bandoleer.
BAND(S-END, phr. Yks. Anything worthless and
useless ; also applied to a person of no importance.
w.Yks. Who were there ?— Oh, a lot of band-ends (J.R.) ;
w.Yks.3 It's a owd bandend on a horse, that ; w.Yks.5 Nut worth
a band's end.
Hence Band-ender, sb. a worthless person, a ne'er-
do-well.
w.Yks. T'odds an' ends o' creation gate tumbled down an' left
theer, includin' all t'bandenders an' misfits at wor left after stockin'
other places, CUDWORTH Sketches (1884) 24.
[Band, sb.1 2 + end.]
BAND-END, v. Lin. [ba'nd-end.] To thrash.
aLin.1 If ye doan't giv oher maakin' this here row I'll band-end
ye, and quick an all.
Hence Band-ending, a thrashing.
n.Lin. What he wants, an' that's a good band-endin', PEACOCK
Taales (1889) 87.
[The same as Band-end, sb.]
BANDER, sb.1 Dev. [bae'nda(r).] A border; the
boundary line of a parish or farm.
Dev. BOWRING Lang. (1866) I. pt v. 21 ; Dev.3
[Band, sb.2 + -«•„]
BANDER, sb? Yks. [ba-nds(r).] One of a band of
musicians.
w.Yks.3
[Band, sb.3 + -er.]
BANDER, sb.3 Glo. A derisive term for the mouth.
Glo. ' Shut yer bloomin' banders ! ' was said to some street singers
(S.S.B.).
BANDIE, sb. Sc. Nhp. Also written bandy Sc. Nhp.1
[ba'ndi, bas'ndi.] The stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus.
Bnff. These were the places for bandies, eels, crabs, and worms.
SMILES Sc. Natur. (1879) I. 8 ; ' Mother,' said he, ' where are my
crabs and bandies?' ib. I. 14. Abd. (JAM.), Nhp.1
[Perh. abbrev. fr. another name of this fish, Ban-
stickle.]
BANDING, sb. Yks. Lan. [ba-ndin.] String, cord ;
also spoilt yarn only fit for making cord.
Lan.1 Hast gettcn a bit o' bandin abeawt thi ? Mi shoon han comn
untied. m.Lan.1 s.Lan. BAMFORD Dial. (1854). [Spoilt yarn that
can only be sold at little more than half its value, Gl. Lab. (1894).]
In comp. Banding-stuff, binding materials, such as string.
n.Yks.2
[ba'ndij.] A
[Band, sb.1 1 + -ing.]
BANDISH, sb. Nhb. Yks. Lan.
bandage.
Nhb.1, w.Yks.1, ne-Lan.1
[A form of bandage with change of suff. (-ish for -age).]
BAND-KITT, sb. Obs. ? n.Cy. Yks. Lin. Also written
bend-kitt Yks. ; ben-kit Yks. n.Lin.1 A kind of large can
with a cover. See Kitt.
n.Cy. GROSE ^'79°; ! HOLLOWAY. Yks. (K.) n.Yks. Fill me
th' bend kit, MERITON Praise Ale (1684) 1. 163. w.Yks. A small
wood vessel with a cover that's loose, and fitted with notches to
two prominent lags [? lugs] that have string thro' them to carry it
by, THORESBY Lett. (1703). n-Lin.1
[The can was so called fr. the staves or hoops put round
it. Band, sb.2 + kitt (sb.), q.v.]
BANDLE. sb. Irel. Also written bandele. A measure
for linen and other stuffs, equivalent to two feet.
Wxf. Used at fairs by dealers in frieze, flannel, &c. (P.J.M.) ;
Wxf.1
[Handle, an Irish measure of two feet in length, ASH
(1795) ; so BLOUNT (1681), COCKERAM (1637). Ir. bannlamh,
a cubit (O'REILLY) ; bann, the same word as band, sb.1,
a rope, chain, measure of land (see sense 6) + lamh, hand,
arm.]
BANDLESS, adj. Cld. QAM.) Abandoned to wicked-
ness.
Hence Bandlessly, adv. regardlessly ; Bandlessness,
sb. the state of abandonment to wickedness.
[Band, sb.1 + -less.]
BAN-DOG, sb. Sc. Nhb. Ess. Som. Dev. [ba'n-,
bae-n-dog.] A watch-dog.
Sc. The keeper entered, leading his ban-dog, SCOTT Waverley
(1814) Appen. it to Pref. • Worse to snatch the quarry from a
ban-dog, ib. Abbot (1820) xv. Nhb. Keepers to watch . . . and ban-
dogs to bark, RICHARDSON Borderer's Table-bit. (1846) VII. 280.
Ess. Make bandog thy scoutwatch, to bark at a theefe, TUSSER
Husbandrie (1580) 21, St. 19 ; Thy bandog, that serveth for divers
mishaps, Forget not to give him thy bones and thy scraps, ib.
179, St. a. w.Som.1 n.Dev. To effect an entrance without being
eaten by the ban-dogs, KINGSLEY Westward Ho! (.1855) 45, ed.
1889. [Bane dog, a dog of mischief and murder (K.) .]
[Bandog, a large dog, a mastiff, ASH (1795) ; A band-
dog, cant's catenates, ROBERTSON Phras. (1693) ; Bandog,
band & dog, q.d. cam's vinctus, SKINNER (1671) ; The time
when screech-owls cry and ban -dogs howl, SHAKS.
2 Hen. VI, i. iv. 21 ; We han great bandogs will teare
BANDOLEER, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cor. Also written bande-
leer Cor.12
1. Obs. A leathern belt worn by soldiers, fitted with loops
in which cartridges were suspended.
Sc. A shoulder-belt . . . was crossed by a bandalier containing
his charges of ammunition, Scorr Leg. Mont. (1830) ii. Edb. He
was in his bandaliers to hae joined the ungracious Highlanders, ib.
Midlothian (1818) xii. [(K.)]
2. Obs. A box attached to a band, containing charges for
a musket.
Nhb.1 Pd. one paire of bandelears, 2s., Gateshead Church Books
(1634) ; Pd. for fower pair of new bandaleers with bellts strings
and baggs, 75. 6d., ib. (1669).
3. A wooden toy shaped like a thin flat reel and containing
a spring.
Cor.1 It is made to move up and down by a string which winds
and unwinds ; Cor.2
[1. Bandeleer, a large leathern belt worn by the ancient
musquetiers, ASH (1795). 2. Bandouilleres, a musketiers
bandoleers, or charges, like little boxes, hanging from
a belt about his neck, COTGR.]
BANDORE, sb. Obs. Glo. A musical instrument
with strings ; an old variety of zither.
Glo. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) ; Glo.12
[Port, bandorilha, an instrument of musick, call'd a
bandore, A. J. (1701 ). Sp. bandurria, a bandore, a gittarne,
MINSHEU (1623). From It. pandora, a croud, a kit, or
rebecke with three strings (FLORIO) ; Gk. navSovpa, a
musical instrument. Bandore is the same word as banjo.]
BANDS, sb. pi. Lin. Shr. Banns of marriage.
n.Lin.1 Do it respectable, wi' parson an' bands o' marriage. — Naay ,
not fer me, thenk ye. I wea'nt tie mysen fer good to noa woman.
Shr.1 A pit-girl who presented herself with her ' chap ' to ' put
up the bands," confounded both parson and clerk by giving her
name as Loice-Showd.
[A form of lit. E. baiina due to assoc. w. band, sb.1]
BANDSMAN
[150]
BANE
A binder of sheaves. See
BANDSMAN, sb. Sc.
Bandster.
Gall. The bandsmen are often taken indiscriminately from the
common labourers, Agr. Sum. (JAM.)
[Bands (pi. of band, sb.1) + man.]
BANDSTER, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Also written
banster. [ba-n(d)sta(r).] One who binds sheaves in the
harvest-field.
Sc. Wharewi' the mawer fillsna his han', nar the bandstir
his bozim, RIDDELL Ps. (1857) cxxix. 7. Bwk. In ha'rst, amang
the rigs o' corn, I've been a bandster there, HENDERSON Pop.
Rhymes (1856) 183. Slk. The bandsters are lyart and runkled
and gray, ELLIOT Flowers of For. (1755) st. 3. Nhb. Generally by
the collusion of a friendly bandster, RICHARDSON Borderer's Table-
it. (1846) VII. 376 ; Nhb.l n.Yks.12 [GROSE (1790)^5. add. (C.)]
[Band, sb^-f-sfer.]
BAND-STONE, sb. Sc. Nhb. See Bahn-styen.
1. The stone immediately overlaying the coal at the
shaft and projecting into it.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
2. A stone that goes through on both sides of a wall.
Sc. Such a stone helps to give strength and solidity to the part
of the wall in which it is built. There may be a number of band-
stones in one wall (A.W.) ; (JAM.) ; See siccan band-stanes as
he's laid, SCOTT Blk. Dwarf (1816) iv.
BANDWIN, sb. Sc. Nhb. [ba-ndwin.] A band of
six reapers occupying a man to bind after them.
Bwk. The harvest strength is distributed into bands consisting
each of six reapers . . . with a bandster, which squad is termed
a ban-win (JAM.). Nhb. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863) ; Nhb.1 Six
reapers are usually as many as a bandster can conveniently bind
after.
In comb. Bandwin rig, a ridge so broad that it may
contain a band of reapers.
Bwk. The ridges are commonly thirty feet broad, called bandwin
ridges, and quite flat, Agric. Surv. 132, 133 (JAM.).
BANDY, sb.1 Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin. Nhp. War. Wor.
Shr. Hrf. Pern. Glo. Brks. Bdf. Hit. e.An. Wil. Dor.
Som. Dev. [ba'ndi, bae'ndi.]
1. A game similar to hockey, played with sticks bent and
round at one end, and a small wooden ball, which each
party endeavours to drive to opposite fixed points.
Lan. Or engaged in the games of ... bandy, HARLAND &
WILKINSON Flk-Lore (1867-) 255. Chs. Played also upon the
ice (H.B.). nXln.1, War.", se.Wor.1 Shr., Hrf. BOUND Prov.
(1876). Hrf.2 s.Pem. LAWS LittleEng. (1888)419. Glo. Played
with bent sticks and a cube of wood (about two inches across each
face) or with a cotton reel ; but the wood is the more correct
A ball is never used (S.S.B.). Brks.1 e-An.1 Any game played
with a bandy or curved stick. Wil.1 Dev.1 [GROSE (1790^ MS.
add. (C.)]
2. In comb, (i) Bandy and knurley, a game played
with a stick and a wooden block ; (2) -ball, (a) see
Bandy, sb.1 • (b) the game of ' fives ' or ' rackets ' ; (c) the
game otherwise known as knur-and-spell ; (3) — hoshoe,
see Bandy, sb.1 ; (4) -wicket, a kind of rough cricket.
(i) War. (J.R.W.) (2) (a) w.Yks.1 [GOMME Games (1894*1 ]
(t) n-Lta.1 (c) Lin. (J.C.W.) ; (E.P.) (3) e.An.* The game of
ball played with a bandy, either made of some very tough wood,
or shod with metal, or with the point of the horn or the hoof of
some animal. The ball is a knob or a knarl from the trunk
of a tree, carefully formed into a globular shape. The adverse
parties strive to beat it with their bandies, through one or other
of the goals placed at proper distances. It is probably named
from the supposed resemblance of the lower end of the bandy,
in strength or curvature, to a horse-shoe ; or it may be so called
from being shod, as it were, with horn or hoof. . . . The empty
hoof of a sheep or calf is frequently used. Nrf. (F.H.) ; Nrf.1
Played by two parties, striking the ball into their opponent's
goal. (4) Hrt. ELLIS Shep. Guide (1749) 199. e.An. Cricket
played with a bandy instead of a bat (HALL.) ; e-An.1, Nrf.1 Suf.1
A game with bats or sticks, and ball, like cricket— but with bricks
usually, or in their absence, hats, instead of bails and stumps, for
wickets.
3. A crooked stick; also the club with a curved end
used m the game of bandy. Called also bandy-stick.
w.Yks.1, nXin.1, Nhp.1, War. (J-R-W.), War.", se.Wor.1 Shr.
?Qrfi c°xUND Prov- .(l876)' Glo> GROSE (l'9°) Ms- add- (M0 :
(b.b.B.) e.An.1 The bandy was made of very tough wood, or
shod with metal, or with the point of the horn or the hoof of some
animal. Wil. SLOW Gl. (1892) ; Wil.1 Som. SWEETMAN Wincanton
Gl. (1885). [A stick bent at one end into a bow, GROSE (1790)
MS. add. (C.)]
4. The tool used for spreading manure in the fields ; a
long heavy stick with a curved end.
Glo.1 It is made of an oblong bit of quarter with a pole fixed in
obliquely. Bdf. (J.W.B.) Hrt. He ... beat the mould about with
bandies. ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) VI. ii. no. Dor.1
[1. Bandy, a play in whic.h a ball is struck backward
and forward with a crooked stick, ASH (1795) ; The
prettiest fellows At bandy once and cricket, D'URFEY
Richmond Heiress (1693) (NARES). 3. Bandy, a club bent
at the lower end to strike a ball, ASH ; A bandy, hama,
clava falcata, reticulum, ROBERTSON Phras. (1693). Prob.
the same as Bandy, v.]
BANDY, s6.2 e.An. [bae-ndi.] A hare.
e.An.1, Nrf.1
[The same as Bandy, adj.1 ; the hare so named fr. the
curvature of her hind legs.]
BANDY, adj.1 Stf. Som. [ba-ndi, bae-ndi.] Knock-
kneed, having one or both legs bent inward at the knee.
s.Stf. Why aich one ... Is deformed, aither bow legged or
bandy, PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1889) 10. w.Som.1 A bandy old
fellow.
[Perh. adj. use of Bandy, sb.1 3.]
BANDY, adj.2 Nhb. Mining term ; traversed by
bands of stone or shale.
Nhb. Hard scare bandy coal, Borings (1881) 163 ; Coal, foul,
scared, bandy, ib. 66; Nhb.1
[Band, sb.x + -y.]
BANDY, v. Lin. Wor. Glo.
1. To toss or send backwards and forwards.
n-Lin,1 [GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)]
2. To wander or roam about.
Wor. If he goes bandying about from place to place his friends'll
forget him (H.K.). Glo.1
[Tripoter, to bandy, or toss to and fro, as a ball at tennis,
COTGR. ; Had she affections and warm youthful blood,
She'd be as swift in motion as a ball ; My words would
bandy her to my sweet love, And his to me, SHAKS.
R.&J. n. v. 14.]
BANDY-CAT, sb. Wm. Lan. Also written bandy-
cad, bandy-gad Lan.1 [ba-ndi-kat.] A game played
with a curved stick and a ball (knur) ; also extended to
the stick itself. See Bandy, s*.1
Wm.1 Lan.1 Much the same as the hockey of s.Eng. ne.Lan.1
BANDY-HEWIT,s6. Yks. (?) Lan. Chs. [ba-ndi-iuit]
A contemptuous name for a dog of any kind ; a cur.
w.Yks. Used rather as a borrowed word than a native here,
Hlfx. Wds. Lan. I've o varra fine bandy-hewit to sell, on I hear
yo want'n one, Sur, TIM BOBBIN View Dial. (1746) 28, ed. 1806;
A name given to any dog, when persons intend to use it in
making sport of its master, GROSE (1790) ; O' ghreyt Papper, weh
' Turn o" Williams, th' Bandy-hewit seller," e lung spanking letters,
PAUL BOBBIN Sequel (1819) 24 ; For't most part he'n a big,
black bandyhewit wi' him, AINSWORTH Witches (ed. 1849) i ;
E kares no moore fur his woife un childer nur e they'rn us
monny bandyhewits un kitlins, ORMEROD Felleyfro Rachde (1851)
v ; When aw let goo, ittle scutter awey loike o twitchilt bandy-
hewit, SCHOLES Tim Gantwattle (1857) 12; Lan.1 eXan.1
Chs.123 A turnspit, a bandy-legged, ill-favoured dog.
[Bandy, adj.1 + Hewitt. The latter element may refer
to some bandy-legged man of that name. Hewitt is an
old and common family-name in Cheshire.]
BANDYLAN, sb. Obsol. Cum. A woman of bad
character, an outcast, a virago.
Cum. No bandylan can match her, ANDERSON Ballads (1808) II.
128, ed. 1820 ; Ye've heard o' Bet the Bandylan, RAYSON Misc.
Poems (1858) 35; (H.W.); Cum.1
BANE, sb. Obsol. Yks. Ess. Wil. Som. [ben, bean.]
1. Poison.
n.Yks.2 Ess. In dairie no cat, Laie bane for a rat, TUSSER
Husbandrie (1580) 170, st. 4.
2. Ruin.
Ess. Cut all thing or gather, the Moone in the wane, But sowe
in encreasing, orgiue it his bane, TUSSER Husbattilric (1580) 101,
st. 23.
BANE
BANG
The rot in sheep.
Wil.1 Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
II. Bane, poison, venenum, ROBERTSON Phras. (1693) ;
Like rats that ravin down their proper bane, SHAKS.
M. for Meas. i. ii. 133 ; Bane or poyson, intoxicum,
Prompt. 2. Twill be his death; 'twill be his bane, SHAKS.
Tr. & Cr. iv. ii. 98. — ON. bani, death, esp. violent death ;
cp. bana-drykkr, a deadly drink, poison.]
BANE, v. Wm. Glo. Wil. Som. [ben, bean.]
1. To cause disease, as the rot in sheep.
Wm. FERGUSON Northmen (1856) 205. Wil. BRITTEN Beauties
(1825); Wil.1 Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825).
Hence Baned, ppl. adj. Of sheep: having the rot.
n.Wil. Them ship's baned, bean 'urn? E.H.G.); Wil.1 Som.
[Used only] e. of the Parrel ; w. of the river ' coed ' or ' coathed ' is
used. I count they be beiind, W. & J. Gl. (1873).
2. To wither.
Glo.1
[The same as Bane, sb.]
BANE, int. Yks. A mild expletive. [Unknown to our
correspondents.]
e.Yks.1 Bane ! Ah'll gan, whativver comes on't.
BANE, see Bain, Bone.
BANE-CRAKE, see Bean-crake.
BANEHOND, see Barenhond.
BANEL, sb. Obs. ? Hit. A dairy utensil.
Hrt. Banels, churns, heads, or any other new-invented dairy
utensil, ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) V. ii. 93.
BANEPRICKLE, see Banstickle.
BANES, sb. pi. Som. Dev. [beanz.] The banns of
matrimony.
Som. 'Er banes beant out eet, JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng. (1869).
w-Som.1 n.Dev. Es verly beleive thy banes will g'in next Zindey,
Exm. Crtshp. (1746)!. 455.
[Banns of matrimony or banes, BAILEY (1755) ; Banes
of matrimony, sponsalium publicatio, ROBERTSON Phras.
( 1693) ; Bans, the banes of matrimony, COTGR. ; I'll crave
the day When I shall ask the banns (banes, ed. 1596),
SHAKS. T. Shrew, ii. i. 181 ; The banes must be asked
three seueral Soondaies, Bk. Com. Prayer (!559) ; Bane of
a mariage, Prompt., ed. Pynson (1499). Fr. Publier les
bans, ' proclamer les noms des futurs epoux au prone
trois dimanches de suite a 1'eglise paroissiale' (HATZFELD).
BANESTICKLE, see Banstickle.
BANEWORT, sb. Also written banwort, banwood,
benwort ; bennert Cum.1 (i) Bellis perennis, common
daisy (Nhb. Cum. Yks.) ; (2) Viola odorata, sweet violet
(Dur.) ; (3) any poisonous plant (Yks.).
(i) Nhb.1 The northern men call the herb a banwurt, because it
helpeth bones to knit again. TURNER Herbal, I. 78. Cum.1 (2)
Dur. (K.) (3) n.Yks.2 It's some mak o' bane-wort [some kind of
vegetable poison].
[This word is also the name of various poisonous
plants : (a) the lesser spearwort (Ranunculus flam-
mula), (b) the deadly nightshade, (a) Ranunculus Flam-
meus ... in English speare-woort and banewoort, because
it is dangerous and deadly for sheep, GERARDE Herb. (ed.
1633) 962. (b) Banewort or Night-shade, KERSEY (1715).
Bane (poison) + wort (plant). Banewort as applied to the
daisy has prob. a similar mg. to Bruise-wort ; cp. GERARDE,
637 : The Daisie was called in old time Bruisewort . . . the
leaves stamped taketh away bruises.]
BANG, sb.1 Sc. Cum. Yks. Lan. Lei. War. e.An. Som.
[barj ; w.Yks. berj.]
1. A blow, an onslaught ; fig. a disturbance.
Sc. O' foaming waves then did we meet the bang, A. SCOTT Poems
(1808) 30. Abd. Ye snarlin' critics, spare your bang, SHIRREF
Poems (i 790) 15. Fif. Toss his whizzing cudgel up to heaven That
with more goodly bang it down may light, TENNANT Anster (1812)
58, ed. 1871 ; A storm of wooden bangs, ib. 60. N.Cy.1 w.Yks.
LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882). ne.Lan.1 Lei.1 Old Jonathan's
made another bang, And if we can, we will him hang, YATES Broad-
side (1844). War. (J.R.W.) w.Som.1 Aa-1 gi dheeu banguun'dur
dhu yuur [I will give thee a cuff under the ear].
2. An act of haste, esp. in. phr. with a bang, in a bang,
suddenly, in haste.
Abd. That I sud gang alang And syne be married with him in a
bang, Ross Helenore (1768) 75, ed. 1812. Fif. In a bang (A.WA
N.Cy.1 Cum. Frae aw parts they com in wi' a bang, ANDERSON
Ballads (1808) 129, ed. 1881 ; Cum.1 He come in wid a bang.
3. Cheese made of milk several times skimmed ; also
known as Bang and Thump.
e.An.1 Very hard and tough. Nrf. Master sometimes gon us a
bit o' Suffolk bang, SPILLING Johnny's Jaunt (1879) ii ; Nrf.1
Suf. Locally termed Bang and Thump, TUSSER Hitsbandrie (1580)
Notes, 281 ; Its name derision and reproach pursue, And strangers
tell of ' three times skimmed sky-blue.' To cheese converted, what
can be its boast? What, but the common virtues of a post I If
drought o'ertake it faster than the knife, Most fair it bids for
stubborn length of life, And, like the oaken shelf whereon 'tis laid,
Mocks the weak efforts ofthe bending blade ; Or in the hog-trough
rests in perfect spite, Too big to swallow and too hard to bite,
BLOOMFIELD Farmer's Boy (1805) 17, ed. 1808; Also called Thump,
RAINBIRD Agric. (1849) 288; Bang used to be as good as Stilton
cheese, but is almost a lost art, e.An. Dy. Times (1892); Suf.1
4. A lie. See Banger.
w.Som.1 Naew dhee-s u-toa'ld u bang, aay noa' [now thou hast
told a lie, I know].
BANG, sb* Nhb. Cum. [ban.] A strong fir pole
used for various purposes.
N.Cy.1 A strong heavy lever for raising stones out of the ground.
Nhb. & Dur. I take the liberty to acquaint the country, that Peter
Ditchburn, of Mainsforth, in the county of Durham, will . . . pitch
the bang with any man in England, for ten or twenty pounds, New-
castle Jrn. (June 29, 1754). Nhb.1 A pole, used in the game of
' pitching the bang.' A long pole used for guiding or propelling
a boat, or the poles used in carrying hay when two people take
the bangs between them. A ' cow bang ' is a pole in a byre
to which a cow is fastened. Cum. (J.P.)
[A bangue,/Msfo, LEVINS Manip. (1570).]
BANG, sb.3 Sc. [ban.] A crowd, a great number.
Sc. A bang o' buirdly fishermen, DRUMMOND Muckomachy (1846)
29 ; And first baith bangs . . . look'd murd'rously at ane anither, ib.
61. Fif. Great bangs o' bodies . . . Gaed to St. Andrew's town, TEN-
NANT Papistry ( 1827) i. Lnk. Of customers she had a bang, RAMSAY
Poems (1727) I. 216, ed. 1800. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.)
BANG, sb.* n.Irel. A fork with three flat prongs.
Ant. Used for digging potatoes (W.H.P.).
BANG, v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. [ban ;
w.Yks. ben.]
1. trans. To beat, to strike with the fist or with a whip,
to thrash, knock, handle roughly.
Sc. In Scotland where the nobles can bang it out bravely, SCOTT
Nigel (1822) xxvii ; Our minister . . . has banged the puir Bible till
it's a' fluffers an' lowse leaves, DICKSON Kirk Beadle (ed. 1892) 103.
n.Sc. He bangs the bairn but an ben the fleer jist as gane [if] it
war an aul' shee (W.G.). Ayr. And aft my wife she bang'd me,
BURNS O ay my Wife. N.Cy.1 Bang her amang her een. Nhb.
(W.G.), Dur.1, Cum.2 Wm. It isn't for my foat et I ride et stang,
But for W. B. who his wife does bang, Lonsdale Mag. (1822)
III. 376; Wm.1 He banged up his gob [mouth]. Yks. Bang
his banes, THORESBY Lett. (1703) ; Howe, t'lang sin,thoo knaws,
did bang em weel, Spec. Dial. (1800) Invasion, u. Yks. (T.S.)
e.Yks. He banged mi heead and dooar tigither, Leeds Merc. Suppl.
(Mar. 15, 1884) 8. m.Yks.1 w.Yks. It makes the tinkler bang
his wife, DIXON Sngs. Eng. Peas. (1846) 163, ed. Bell ; CUDWORTH
Horton (1886); w.Yks.14, n.Lan.1, ne.Lan.1 Not. He banged
me about (J.H.B.). Lei.1 Nhp.1 I'll bang you well. How
you bang the things about. War.3 Hmp.1 I just did bang 'un.
Dev. I'd bang mun well, had I a whip, PETER PINDAR Wks. (1816)
IV. 182 ; Jist like I'd be banging our little dog Van, NATHAN HOGG
Poet. Lett. (1847) 9, ed. 1865 ; Dev.1 Cor. N. & Q. (1854) ist S.
x. 179; Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 422.
Hence Banging, vbl. sb. a beating, a thrashing.
Nhp.1 Shr.2 Gie him a good banging.
2. In comb, (i) Bang-down, a coat with square tails;
(2) -tail, the Redstart, Phoenicurus ruticilla, also called
Red Fiery Bang-tail.
(i) e.Lan.1 A coat which swags or bangs against the wearer's
hams. (2) Wil.1 In nw.Wil.
3. To thresh corn.
n.Yks. HALLIWELL Anthol. (1851) Tuiea Threshers. m.Yks.1
4. To throw or thrust violently.
Bnff.1 The loon . . . bangt the ba' in through the window. Nhb.1
And, ay, as the ship came to the land, she banged it off again,
Laidley Worm. w.Yks.5 Beng't ar him ! e.Yks.1
BANG
BANG ABOUT
5. With prep off. Of a gun : to fire, to let off.
Sc. Twa unlucky red-coats . . . banged off a gun at him, SCOTT
Waverley (1814) Ixiv.
6. Fig. To beat, to overcome, to overpower.
Sc. Him they call Bang, or Byng, . . . has bang'd the French
ships and the new king, SCOTT Blk. Dwarf (1816) xvii. Lth.,
Rxb., Dmf. JAM.) n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.)
Hence Banging, vbl. sb. a beating, a defeat.
Kcb. The Yankies brattled doun the brae To save themselves a
bangin, DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 20.
7. To beat, surpass, excel, outdo.
Rxb. It bangs a' prent (JAM.). Kcb. E'en ony rose her cheeks
did bang, Her leuks were like a lily, DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 119.
Ir. Och, murther ! is it mustard with salmon ? That bangs all !
Paddiana (1848) I. 54 ; The figurandyin' you have wid that
baste, . . . bangs all, BARLOW Idylls (1892) 113; That bangs
Bannagher, and Bannagher bangs the devil [Bannagher is a town
in Kco.](G.M.H.) s.Wxf.The likes o'me couldn't go for to describe
the beautiful place it was, at all at all ; for it banged description,
Fenian Nights'm Shamrock Mag. (Apr. 14,1894)470. Nhb.Hebangs
them a' for pith an' speed, MIDFORD Coll. Sngs. (1818) 6 ; Gin nor
Coniac, Nor aw the choicest wines to back, Can bang Newcastle
beer, man, OLIVER Local Sngs. (1824) 8 ; Could bang them a' at
threesome reels, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) 42 ; But we'll awa'
to Coquet side For Coquet bangs them a', Coquet Dale Sngs. (1852)
46 ; Nhb.1 Bradford breedless, Harnham heedless, Shaftee pick at
the craa ; Capheaton's a wee bonny place, But Wallin'ton bangs
themaa, Old Verse. The Reenes,an'the Riding, Langhaugh andThe
Shaw, Bellingham Bogglehole bangs them a*. These rude rhymes
were frequently repeated at the hirings in allusion to the relative
merits of the various ' places.' Some of them conveyed a warning
of ' bad meat houses' — that is, where scant rations prevailed.
Dnr.1 Cum. Sooner shall urchins bang swuft hares in race,
CLARK Poems (1779) Roger; The cock-feghts are ninth o' neist
month: I've twee, nit aw England can bang them, ANDERSON Ballads
(1805) 7 ; That beats all that ever I heard — bangs Banager, as we
say on the fells, LINTON Lieeie Lorton (1867) xiii ; Canny auld
Cummerlan' bangs them aw still (M.P.) ; Cnm.1 He was bad to
bang. Wm. I think imme mind I cud bang awth ward in a horn-
pipe, WHEELER Dial. (1790) 43, ed. 1821 ; An ye'll net fin' a robber
Can bang a horse jobber, BOWNESS Stud. (1868) Jimmy Green, St. 3 ;
Wm.1 Thoo bangs Lang-croon, an he banged the Divvel. Yks. Tha
bangs t'doll, and t'doll banged t'devil [old expression], Yks. Wkly
Post (July 28, 1883). n.Yks. (I.W.) e.Yks.1 That bangs cock-
fi'tin'. w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.1 He bangs aw, quite an clear,
at I iwer heeard tell on, ii. 309. Lan. It bangs boath play-heawse,
fair, an' wakes, RIDINGS Muse (1853) =5 ; That's wheere aw'm
banged,STATON.ffH/a/s(i888) 10; Thi bang lung Jim e Ratchda, un
he kud reytch o kake awf bradefleyk wi his meawth, Sam Sand-
knocker, pt. iii. 10. n.Lan. Joni bangs o' t'skul at hiz buks (J.SA
Lan.1 Well, that bangs o' 'at ever aw seed i' mi life. ne.Lan.i,
eXan.1 m.Lan.1 This Dickshonary bangs Sam Johnson's o to
pieces. Chs.1 * ; Chs.3 I'll warrant I'll bang thee. s.Chs.1 It
did-nu maat-ur wot ky'eynd u tai-lz dhai bruwt aayt, ey)d baangg-
um widh u befur [It didna matter what keind o' tales they browt
alt, he'd bang 'em with a better]. Stf.i ; Stf.2 Didst the se them
foirwiirks last noight ? The banged aa as Tver oi sed afore. Der.2
That bangs a'. nw.Der.1 Lin. It banged all I had ever seen, BROWN
Lit. Laur. (1890) 47. aLin.1 A squire having asked a farmer some
questions as to thebest way of cultivating his land received fora reply,
'Well, sir, God's seasons bangs all manigement.' War. (J.R W
Shr.2This'n bangs yours. e.An.2 s.Cy. GROSE (i79o\ Hmp.»That
bangs me. Slang. It was good stuff and good make at first, and
that's the reason why it always bangs a slop, because it was good
to begin with, MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) II. 41, ed 1861 •
FARMER.
S.intratts. To move, work, speak, &c., with rapidity, to
rush violently; sometimes with preps, out, at, and alona-
Sc. Her bang'd to the door (JAM.). Bnff.1 He thocht he hid
naethmg mair adee nor choose a text, munt the poopiet. an' bang
aff. Abd. For bleed frae's mou' and niz [nose] did bang
SKINNER Amusements (1809) 6. Fif. Syne wi' a majestic air she
banged oot o' the kitchen, M'LAREN Tibbie (1894) 84. Lnk Blithe
wald I bang out o'er the brae, RAMSAY Poems (1727) 393, ed
iBoo ; With a defiant sparkle in her spectacles banged out at the
door, FRASER Whaups (1895) iv. Nhb.i Then helter skelter in we
bang, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1829) pt. iii. 84. Cnm. Gl (1851)
e.Yks.i w.Yks To study which rooad we must bang, Barnsley chap
cLunnon (1862) 7 ; Thah'm bang at an' it'll sooin be done, Leeds
Merc Suppl. (Aug. :, 1891) ; w.Yks.i ne.Lan.1 She bang'd out
o t dure, and we saa na meyar on her. Lei.1 A banged along a
good un [went at a good pace]. Nhp.1 A person who rides or walks
fast is said to ' bang along.' She banged out of the room ; Nhp.2,
War. (J R.W.1, War.2
9. With prep, itp : to start from one's seat or bed.
Sc. Quick bang'd they up their heads to glowr, A. SCOTT Poems
'1811)68; Winna yere honour bang up? SCOTT Waverley (1814)
xliv. Abd. Ajax bangs up, whase targe was shught In seven
fald o' hide, FORBES Ajax (1742) 3 ; Lindy bangs up and flang his
snood awa, Ross Helenore (1768) 12, ed. 1812. Lth. Time's fleein'
— nicht's deein" — Bang up, ye cjaverin' wives ! An' speed ye,
SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 16. Edb. The gummeril bangt up in
a huff an ran oot at the door (W.G.). Cum. The fiddlers bang'd
up on their legs, STAGG Bridewain (1808) st. 41.
10. Term used in salmon-fishing : to push off with the
boats at random, without having seen any fish in the
channel.
Hence Banging, vbl. sb. the act of fishing in this
manner.
Abd. When they are deprived of sight, and can only fish by
banging, STATE Leslie of Pouris (1805") 102 QAM.).
11. With prep. off. Of a weaving loom : to stop of its
own accord when it is not in time, and when the shuttle
does not open the swell of the shuttle-box far enough.
w.Yks. (J.M.)
12. With prep, for: to stand godfather or godmother to
a child.
Dor. (C.K.P.) [Unknown to all our other correspondents.]
[1. My master beats like any Turk; He bangs me most
severely, CAREY (c. 1713) Sally in our Alley • To bang or
beat, caedere,fustigare, verberare, ROBERTSON Phras. (1693) ;
The desperate tempest hath so bang'd the Turks, SHAKS.
Oth. u. i. 21 ; To bangue, fusligare, LEVINS Manip. (1570).]
BANG, adj. and adv. Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also written beng w.Yks.
1. adj. Vehement, violent.
Rxb. A bang fire (JAM.).
2. Agile and powerful.
Sc. She's a bang sonsy wench, TWEEDDALE Moff (1896) 204.
n.Sc. He's a bang chield, that [he's a strong active man] (W.G.).
Hdg. Bang men and folk wha'd striven . . . Cried 'heuch,'
LUMSDEN Sheep Head, 7. Rxb. (JAM.)
3. adv. Quite, altogether, right ; gen. used in conjunction
with adv. up, through, &c.
n.Sc. He sent a stone bang throuw the window (W.G.). e.Yks.1
Ah dhruv nail in, bang up tiv heaad. Hoss bolted off and ran
bang-up ageean wall. w.Yks. Went beng-up to him and akst him,
BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865) ; w.Yks.5 An arrow wings its way beng-
up to the bull's-eye. One person goes beng-up to another and
knocks him down. Lin. Steevie be right good manners bang
thruf to the tip o' the taail, TENNYSON Spinster's Sweet-arts (1885)
st. 10. n.Lin.1 I've a saage tree grawin bang up e' yon corner.
Oxf.1 I'll go bang off, MS. add. Brks.1 Thee'd best go bang
awaay. Dev. Aun, aun, ha urn'd, bang auver stiles, NATHAN
HOGG Poet. Lett. (1847) 64, ed. 1858. Cor. 'Twas jist like ten
hunderds o' thousands o' millions o' sodgers gwain bang awver us !
PASMORE Stories 1893) 6 ; Us trundled mun both right bang into
Truro, into the Red Lion yard, ib. 7.
4. Suddenly, abruptly.
Lnk. He hadn't been a day there till bang went saxpence, FRASER
Whaups (1895) xv. Dev. A wackin girt stone com'd up bang gin
ma nauze, NATHAN HOGG Poet. Lett. (1847) 22, ed. 1865.
5. Comb, (i) Bang-dollop, the entire collection, the
whole number ; (2) —full, brimful, quite full ; (3) — out,
altogether, thoroughly; (4) -swang, headlong, without
thought.
(i) e.Sc. They're careless hussies the whole bang-dollop o' them,
SETOUN Sunshine (1895) 186. (a) Myo. The chist was a heavy
wan— an iron chist bang full up iv goold ! STOKER Snake's Pass
(1891) ii. Yks. Yks. N. & Q. (1888) II. 14. (3) Sus. I wish some-
body would take one of these bub-bub-bats, and hide me bub-bub-
bang out, EGERTON Fits, and Ways (1884) 13. (4) Shr.1
BANG-A-BONK, phr. Stf. To sit lazily on a bank.
Stf.1 [Not known to our correspondents].
BANG ABOUT, phr. Lan. A game known also as
' Please or displease,' see below.
Lan. Both an indoor and outdoor game. In the former case the
players, with one exception, would be seated round a room,
generally having a scramble for seats, the last to be placed, or the
one unaccommodated, having to stand in the centre, holding a hand-
BANG-BEGGAR
BANGLE
kerchief knotted at one end. Then the seated players beckoned
to one another to change places, the knotted kerchief being freely
plied on those crossing the room, unless the wielder could slip
into a seat and so relinquish the post of banger. The outdoor
game was something similar, the players standing either in oppo-
site rows or in a ring, Manch. City News (June 20, 1896) ; The
mode of playing is for the company, one sex, say the females,
each to sit down on a chair and choose a partner, who goes and
sits upon her knee until the chairs are filled. Each female is
asked by the banger if she is satisfied with her partner. If she
answers in the affirmative, she shows the company that she is so
satisfied by kissing her partner. On the second circle she calls out
the name of another male in the company, who has to answer the
call by hastening to the knee of the female who has called, so that
the two men must hasten to change places. During this time of
changing, the banger lays his knout about the backs of these two
changers. [Later] the chairs are changed, and a female banger
takes the place of the male banger ; the females sit upon the knees
of the males, and the operation of changing seats and banging
the changers is repeated, ib. ; Engaged in the games of . . . bang
about and shedding copies, HARLAND & WILKINSON Flit-Lore
(1867) 255 ; We play'd ut blindmon's buff, bang-abeawt, an' a lot
mooar games, FERGUSON Mondywarp, 30.
BANG-BEGGAR, s*1 Sc. Irel. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der.
1. A beadle, constable, or parish officer ; a verger, an
apparitor. See Ban-beggar.
Sc. MACKAY. Dmf. (JAM.) Ir. Previous to the introduction of
the Poor-laws there was in the towns of Belfast and Ballymena
a kind of beadle called a bang beggar, N. & Q. (1870) 4th S. vi.
279. w.Yks. I'll sing the bang-beggar through bang-beggar rage,
N. & Q. (1870) 4th S. vi. 306. Lan. We'rn o bowtin streyght in
us bowd us bangbeggurs, ORMEROD Felley fro Rachde (1851) iii ;
Just then owd Pudge, th' bangbeggar, coom runnin' into th' pew,
an' he fot Dick a souse at back o' th' yed wi' his silver-nobbed
pow, WAUGH Barrel Organ (1865) 29 ; Now, thou'rt as grand as
a parish bang-beggar, ib. Chimn. Corner (1874) 85, ed. 1879 ;
Another ull walk alongside ov 'em wi' two long powls, like two
church bangbeggars, Accrington Obs. (Feb. 2, 1895) 3, col. 7 ;
There is a bang-beggar attached to the chapel of St. John's,
Bury. On Sundays he wears a livery of blue coat and silver
buttons, pink plush knee-breeches, white silk stockings, and cocked
hat ; he carries a formidable mace, A^. & Q. (1870) 4th S. vi. 514 ;
Lan.1 e.Lan.1 One who drives children or other trespassers from
church doors during divine service. Chs.123 Der. GROSE (1790) ;
Der.1 nw.Der.1
2. Comp. Bangbeggar -hall, a town-hall.
w.Yks. From Bang-beggar Hall, in a Bang-beggar's cage I'll
sing the Bang-beggar, through Bang-beggar rage, N. & Q. (1870)
4th S. vi. 306 ; w.Yks.2 At Bang-beggar hall he assembled his
train, MATHER Sngs. Sheffield (1862) 36.
3. A constable's staff.
Rxb. A powerful kent or rung (JAM.).
[Bang, vb. 1 + beggar.}
BANG-BEGGAR, sb? Der.
a vagabond.
Der. (HALL.), nw.Der.1
[Bang, adj. 1 + beggar.}
BANGE, sb. and v. Hrt. e.An. [bendg.]
1. sb. Light, fine rain ; drizzle.
e.An.1, Nrf.1 Ess. Sich rains they'd had E'en banges wor
alarmers, CLARK /. Noakes (1839) 10 ; Gl. (1851) ; Ess.1
2. v. To drizzle.
Ess. (H.H.M.)
Hence Bangy, adj. Of weather : drizzling, overcast ;
misty; stormy.
Hrt. Hrt. Merc. (July 14, 1888). e.An.1 Ess. GROSE (1790)
MS. add. (M.) ; It's not going to be wet, it's only banjy. A banjy
morning (M.J.I.C.) ; Ess.1
[Bangs, vb., repr. Fr. baigner, to bathe, to wet ; cp. the
phr. iljut baigne'par lapluiejusques a lapeau. See Bainge.]
BANGER, sb.1 Lan. War. Shr. Hrf. Brks. [ba-rja(r),
bae'rp(r).] A violent blow.
ne.Lan.1, War. (J.R.W.) Shr., Hrf. He gave me such a banger,
BOUND Prov. (1876). Shr.1 I gid 'im sich a banger as 'e o6nna
forget in a 'urry ; Shr.2 Fat him a banger uv his yed. Brks.1 A
banger on the yead.
[Bang, vb. 1 + -er.}
BANGER, sb? In gen. dial. use. [ba-rp(r), bae-rja(r).]
1. Anything very large in proportion to the rest of its kind.
VOL. I.
A term of reproach :
N.Cy.», Nhb.1 Cum.* It is a banger. Wm.1 That's a banger.
n.Yks. (I.W.) e.Yks.1 That apple's a banger, MS. add. (T.H.)
w.Yks. That horse is a banger (J.T.) ; Shoo is a banger [beng'r]
shoo'll du as mitch wark as two fowk (JE.B.) ; w.Yks.1, e.Lan.1,
nw.Der.1, Not.1 n.LIn.1 Well really them sweades is bangers.
I niverseed noht like it. Lei.1, War.3 Shr.2 Used especially of a
woman. Molly's a banger. Brks.1 e.An.2 Especially applied to
young animals. Of a fine child the nurses say, ' He is a banger.'
Nrf.1 What a bonnka that there mawtha [girl] dew grow [s. v.
Banging]. s.Dev. Fox Kingsbridge (1874). Cor. Esn't he a banger,
TREGELLAS Tales (1860) 50; You've a-put a twister, this time,
an' no mistake. — I reckoned it a banger, ' Q.' Three Ships (1890)
iv ; Cor.1 2
2. A big lie, an obvious falsehood.
ne.Lan.1 n.Lin.1 Noo then, Jim, noan o' your bangers, re-
member it's Sunda'. Lei.1, Nhp.1, War.1, Brks.1
[Bang, vb. 6 (to surpass) + -er.}
BANGER, sb.3 Shr. A pitchfork with three prongs.
Shr.1 A three ' grained ' pikel used for « gathering scutch.'
BANGIE, sb. Ayr. A policeman, a constable.
Ayr. In Annan, when threatening boys with the police for mis-
conduct, it is said, ' I'll send the bangie eftir ye,' N. & Q. ' 1870)
4th S. vi. 398.
[A dim. of bang-beggar (sb.1), q.v.]
BANGIE, adj. Sc. Irritable, quarrelsome, pettish.
Sc. MACKAY. Abd. (JAM.) ; (J.W.M.)
BANGING, ppl. adj. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Der. Lin. Nhp.
War. Glo. Brks. e.An. s.Cy. I.W. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor.
Also written bangin Nhb.1 e.Yks.1 nw.Der.1 Brks.1 ; bangen
Dor.1 ; bangong Glo.1 ; bangun I.W.1 [ba'rjin, bae'rjin.]
An expletive expressive of size : large, huge ; freq. used
in conjunction with great.
Nhb. And wi' a bangin' glass o' rum, We finished off as it struck
two, WILSON Pitman's Pay (ed. 1843) 53 ', Nhb.1 A bangin' lass.
Wm. A throstle-nest hat, wi a girt banging white fedther in't,
Spec. Dial. (1877) Jonny Shippard. e.Yks.1 A great bangin
apple. w.Yks. A gurt strappin bengin wommon, Yksntan. Comic
Ann. (1881) 28. Der.2 A banging lie. nw.Der.1, nXin.1, Lei.1
Nhp.1 What a banging child. We've got a banging pudding for
dinner to-day. War. A banging lot on 'em (J.B.); War.3,
Glo.1 Brks.1 He gin I a bangin' helpin' o' plum pudden. e.An.1,
Nrf.1 s.Cy. GROSE (1790). I.W.1 He's a bangun gurt buoy.
Dor. ROBERTS Hist. Lyme Regis (1834) ; Dor.1 A bangen girt
apple. w.Som.1 Always used with ' guurt.' U guurt bang-een raat
[a great banging rat]. Dev. Ya gurt thonging banging muxy
drawbreech, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 6 ; I'll write thur, deer Jan,
a banging girt letter, NATHAN HOGG Poet. Lett. (1847) 8, ed.
1865 ; I've jist a-zeed a banging gert otter down tha river. Us
chell 'ave brave sport, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 49. n.Dev.
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) e.Dev. Th' bangin' trout be on th' feed,
PULMAN Sketches (1842) 21, ed. 1853. Cor. Used at Polperro,
N. & Q. (1854) ist S. x. 179 ; Cor.2
[See Bang, v . 6.1
BANGLE, sb. War. Wor. [bae'rjl.] The cut branch of
a tree, the larger piece of wood in a faggot.
War.2, s.War.1 se.Wor. PORSON Quaint Wds. (1875) ; se.Wor.1
Branches not less than six inches in diameter.
[Bangle (a local word), a large rough stick, ASH (1795).
A der. of bang, sb.2 Cp. Du. bengel, a logg of wood or
timber (HEXHAM).]
BANGLE, v. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Not. e.An.
[ba'nl, bae'rjl.]
1. To waste, squander, fritter away.
w.Yks.2, Chs.1 23, Stf.1 Der.1 To bangle away money.
2. To ramble without a fixed purpose, to bustle about
awkwardly and fruitlessly.
e.Lan.1, Not.3 e.An. A bangling hawk is one that beats to and
fro in the air to little purpose, instead of rising upwards and
securing its prey by a single swoop, N. &> Q. (1878) 5th S. x.
409.
Hence Bangling, vbl. sb. hanging about, wandering
idly.
w.Yks. Aw feel it soa strange dooin nowt, This banglin abeawt
chills mi blood, Warty Rhymes (1894) 31.
3. To droop, to hang down, as the brim of a hat, or corn
beaten by the wind.
e.An. AT. & Q. (1878) sth S. x. 409 ; e.An.1 When cocked hats
were worn, one of the sides was sometimes let down to protect
BANGLED UP
BANISTER
the face of the wearer. The hat was said to be bangled. Also
said of a round hat with a broad and loose brim, such as is worn
by Quakers. Also applied to the young shoots, or more par-
ticularly the broad leaves of plants, when they droop under heavy
rain or strong sunshine. Nrf. Trans. Phil. Soc. 11858) 147 ; Nrf.1
Hence Bangelled, ppl. adj. knocked about, hustled.
Der. (L.W.)
[1. Thus betwixt hope and fear ... we bangle away
our best days, befool out our times, BURTON Anat. Mel.
(1621), ed. 1836, 181. 2. Cp. the use in MHG. : bengeln,
'hin- und herschweifen ' (LEXER). — Bangle is a freq. of
bang (vb.), q.v.]
BANGLED UP, pp. Hrt. Covered.
Hrt. All bangled up wi' slud [mud], CUSSANS Hist. Hrt. (1879-
81) III. 320.
BANGNUE, sb. Obs. ? Slk. Rxb. (JAM.) A great fuss
about something trivial ; much ado about nothing. [Not
known to our correspondents.]
BANGREL, sb. Sc. Also in the form bangree. An
ill-natured, ungovernable woman.
Sc. MACKAY. Slk. (JAM.)
[Bang, vb. + -rel. For the suff. cp. gangrel, mongrel.}
BANGSOME, adj. Sc. Quarrelsome.
Sc. MACKAY. Abd. Some red their hair, some main'd their
banes, Some bann'd the bangsome billies, SKINNER Christmas
Ba'ing, ed. 1805 (JAM.) ; (J.W.M.)
[Bang, sb.1 l + -some.]
BANGSTER, sb. Obs. ? Sc. Also written bangister,
bangeister.
1. A bully, a rough, violent fellow.
Sc. The bangisters will ding them down, SCOTT Minstrelsy
(1802) I. 223, ed. 1803 ! Ashamed ilk bangster o' himsell, DRUM-
MOND Muckomachy (1846) 63; HERD Sngs. (1776) Gl. Abd. We'll
naething be afore yon bangsters bauld, Ross Helenore (1768) 131,
ed. 1812.
Hence Bankstership, sb. force, violence.
S. & Ork.1 Through bankstership, by force, without permission.
2. A victor, a conqueror.
Sc. If the Pope's champions are to be bangsters, SCOTT Abbot
(1820) xix ; If you are so certain of being the bangster, . . . what
harm will Miss Clara come to by your having the use of her siller ?
it. Ronan (1824) x. Slk. (JAM.)
[Proude ambitious bangsters, Leg. Bp. St. Andrews
(c. 1570) in Scot. Poems i6/A C. (1801) II. 326 (N.E.D.).
Bang, vb. + -sler.]
BANGSTRAW, sb. Obs. ? Lin. One who threshes
with a flail ; said to be applied also to a thatcher or any
farm-servant.
n.Lin.1 We've no bangstraws noo as we ewst to hev afoore
threshin' machines cum'd up ; A nick-name for a thresher, but
applied to all the servants of a farmer (?) (HALL.)
[Bang, vb. + straw.]
BANG-UP, sb. Chs. Stf. Der. [ba'rj-up.] A substitute
for yeast, made of hops, sugar, and flour; sometimes
potatoes are also used.
Chs.1 It is not often used now that German yeast can be bought
at every village shop. s.Chs.1, Stf.12, Der.2, nw.Der.1
BANG-UP, adj. Yks. Lan. Lin. Lei. War.
1. Smart, fine, well-dressed, in first-rate condition, quite
up to the mark.
w.Yks. A dahnreyt,upreyt, beng-up chap, Nut mich unlike mysen,
PRESTON Poems (1864) Natterin' Nan ; w.Yks.5 One splendidly,
though becomingly, dressed or adorned, is ' beng-up, fursure ! '
' Beng-up fur owt ! ' a spectator remarks [in good trim and con-
dition]. Lan. They'n getten a bang-up Union, GASKELL M. Barton
(1848) viii. n-Lin.1 Bang-up is sometimes used as a nickname for
a person who represents himself as very strong, powerful, or rich.
Lei.1 War.3 A bang-up wedding. Slang. His spotted neckcloth
knotted in bang-up mode, LEVER Jack Hinton (1844) ™ > But all
the ' regular bang-up fakes ' are manufactured in the ' Start ' [metro-
polis], MAYHEW Land. Labour(i85i 1.312. Cant. Such a bang-up
cove as your fancy man, AINSWORTH Rookwood (1834) bk. in. ii.
2. Honourable, upright, straightforward, punctual. Also
used advb.
e.Yks.1 He's a bang-up chap ; he awlas meeans what he says
w.Yks. A beng-up chap, BANKS Wkfld, Wds. (1865); If Ah pay
tha nah, there munbe no shufflin, tha'll hae to act beng-up (S. K.C.).
n.Lin.1 He's chollus e' his talk, but he's bang up at sattlin' daay.
[1. The best portrait of a species which, though almost
extinct, cannot yet be quite classed among the Palaeo-
theria, the bang-up Oxonian, R. WHATELY in Quart. Rev.
(1844) XXIV. 368 ; Dance a bang-up theatrical cotillion,
H. & J. SMITH Rej. Addr. (1812) ed. 1817, 123. The
prop. ing. is bang (or close) up to a line ; see Bang, adj.
and adv.\
BANGY, sb. and adj. Slang, [bae'ndgi, bae'rjgi.]
1. sb. Brown sugar.
Slang. Word used at Winchester School, SHADWELL Wyke.
Slang (1859-1864) ; ADAMS Wykehamica (1878) 41 (COPE) ; (E.F.)
2. adj. Brown.
Slang. SHADWELL Wyke. Slang (1859-1864); Bangy bags, or
brown trousers, are also called bangles, Win. Sch. Gl. (COPE) ;
(E.F.) ; So universally was the term bangy used to designate
a brownish hue that a gate of that colour at Win. Coll. . . . was
called the Bangy Gate, FARMER.
BANGY AL, see Banyel.
BANIAN, sb. n.Irel. Written banyan N.I.1 A
flannel jacket still worn by Carlingford oystermen and
fishermen.
N.I.1 Colloq. The name at the R.M. Academy, Woolwich,
thirty years ago, for a lounging jacket or short dressing-gown of
light blue flannel, issued to the cadets as part of their uniform,
which could be worn in their barrack-rooms, N. & Q. (1890) 7th
S. x. 77.
[His banyan with silver clasp wrapt round His
shrinking paunch, GRAVES Spir. Quix. (1773) XI. iv. (DAV.) ;
I have lost nothing by it but a banyan shirt, a corner of
my quilt, and my bible singed, Sufferings of a Dutch Sailor
(1725) in Harl. Misc. VIII. 297 (DAV.). A loose gown of
flannel worn in India, fr. Port, banian (cp. Ar. oanyari),
a Hindoo trader, esp. one fr. the province of Guzerat.]
BANIAN-DAY, sb. Yks. Lan. Wor. Ken. Naut.
[ba'nyan, bae'nyan.] A day when little or no food is to
be had, or when the scraps remaining from the previous
days are consumed.
n.Yks.2 Also called Little-fare day. Lan.1 The day when the
week's odds-and-ends are eaten up. At Goosnargh, pronounced
Banny-ann-day. [At the beginning of this century] there were
often six upon four aboard ship, and two banyan days in a week,
i. e. the rations for four men were served out amongst six, in
addition to which, on two days out of the week, no rations were
served out at all, Dy. News (Mar. 17, 1874). se.Wor.1 Monday,
plenty ; Tuesday, some ; Wednesday, a little ; Thursday, none ;
Friday, Banyan day ; Saturday, go home. Ken. I am sorry you
have come to-day, it's banyan-day with us (H.M.) ; Very common
(P.M.); Ken.1 Saddaday is a banyan-day. — What do'ye mean ? —
Oh ! a day on which we eat up all the odds and ends. Slang. Oh,
Sir ! you little knows what I've suffered ; many a banyan day
I've had in my little room, MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) I. 360.
Naut. Those days in which the sailors have no flesh meat,
W. & Q. ( 1852) ist S. v. 442.
[Banian-day (a cant word among sailors), a fast day,
a day on which no flesh is allowed, ASH (1795) ; They
told us that on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays the
ship's company had no allowance of meat, and that these
meagre days were called banyan days. . . . They take their
denomination from a sect of devotees in some parts oJ
the East Indies who never taste flesh, SMOLLETT Rod.
Random (1748) xxv (DAV.). See Banian.]
BANISH, v. Wm. Ess. Hmp. Dor. [ba-nij, bae'ni/.]
1. To forbid the house, to turn out of doors.
Wm.1
2. To drive away with violence, to assault violently.
Hmp. He banished him wi' clots [pelted him with pieces of turf]
(H.C.M.B.). Dor. The boys set upon him as he came out of school
and banished him. They threw stones till they banished the
door (C.K.P.).
BANISTER, sb. Obs. Yks. A hamper in which
charcoal used to be carried to the furnaces.
Yks. A large sort of hamper in use for the carrying of charcoal
to the furnaces on horseback, one on each side a horse, Yks.
Diaries (1732) 311 (DAV.).
[Of Fr. origin. Cp. Banaslre, ' manne, long panier,'
LESPY Diet. Be'arnais. Prov. banastre, banaste, benate,
' panier ou manne qu'on met sur le dos d'un ane, mesure
BANISTY
BANK
pour le charbon de terre,' ROQUEFORT. Walloon be'nate
' panier d'osier,' banmtte ' panier de boulanger,' REMACLE
(s.v. Bdstai). Sp. banasta. MLat. banasta, ' cista rotunda
et oblonga ... ex palea contorta. . . . Quandoque duae
huiusmodi cistae ad utrumque latus equi clitellarii appo-
nuntur,' DUCANGE.]
BANISTY, sb. Nhb. Wm. Also written benisty
Nhb.1 In phr. under banisfy, secretly, surreptitiously.
Also in children's rhyme for the game of hide-and-seek.
Nhb. She remarked that she might have removed some furniture
of hers from a house without the knowledge of the owner, but
would not do so under benisty (M.H.D.) ; Nhb.1 What is forbidden,
or ' banned,' is termed ' done under banisty.' Wm. An old
doggerel runs as follows — Bogley, bogley, bunisty, Thee find me
An' I'll seek thee, Bogley, bogley, bunisty (B.K.).
BANJIE, sb. Sc. A great number; gen. appl. to a
rude, disorderly mob. See Bang, sb.3, Banyel.
Bnff.1 Sic a banjie o' loons.
BANJOBILL, sb. Nrf. The Spoonbill, Spatula cly-
Nrf. COZENS- HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) 43.
BANK, s*.1 Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Rut.
Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Brks. Bck. Bdf. e.An. Ken. I.W.
[bank, bserjk, borjk ; w.Yks. benk.]
1. A hill, a hill-side, a slope ; sloping, undulating ground.
Nhb. There was of course ' t'bank to clim,' as the parishioners
who lived above expressed it, s.Tynedale Studies (1896) iv.
n.Yks. It is impossible ... to conceive adequately of what is
meant by a ' dale ' without having brought before the mind's eye
the steep or abrupt slopes or ' banks ' which on either side must
aid in its constitution or formation, ATKINSON Maori. Parish
(1891) 185 ; n.Yks.1 A brant bank, a steep hill. ne.Yks. (C.E.F.)
w.Yks.3 A hill, especially where crossed by a road. e.Lan.1.
Stf.1 2 Wor. See 'ow that pony takes the banks (W.H.). s.Wor.
PORSON Quaint Wds. (1875). Shr.1, Hrf.2 Glo. Sloping fields,
the sides of valleys, known as 'thaay banks' (S.S.B.); Glo.1 A
railway incline, or a piece of rising ground in a field, would be
called a bank. Ken. Banks, such as those near Dover. I worked
once upon some banks just like these (W.F.S.).
2. The road up a steep hill-side.
Nhb.1 A steep road or street. Butcher Bank, Byker Bank,
Lang Bank, &c. n.Yks. The terribly steep ' bank,' or hill-side
road, which rises like a house-roof on the side of Stonegate Gill,
ATKINSON Maori. Parish (1891) 40 ; n.Yks.1 Thank's desput sleeap
wiv ice, t'moorn. w.Yks.3 Almondbury Bank, Farnley Bank, &c.
Shr.1 Mr. Gittins o' Churton 'ad a prime mar' spiled the tother
day gwei'n down Welbich bonk. Glo. A smartish bank (S.S.B.).
3. pi. Precipitous rocks, or crags.
Sh.I. (Coll. L. L.B.) S. & Ork.1 The lofty cliffs which the crags-
man climbs in search of wild-fowl and their eggs.
4. An ant-hill.
Bdf. Called also, mouldy banks, BATCHELOR Anal. Eng. Lang.
(1809).
Hence Banking, sb. the process of removing ant-hills.
Rut The occupiers have ' destroyed the ant-hills (here called
banking the land),' Rep. Agric. Surv. (1793-1813) 13. Bck.
MARSHALL Review (1814) IV. 541.
5. A beach ; also in pi., the sea-shore.
Sh.I. Shu gae dee ta me at da banks, BURGESS Rasmie (1891) 25.
e.An.1 Nrf. (A.G.) ; Trans. Phil. Soc. (1855) 29 ; Nrf.1 Suf. Off
Orford, divided from it by the river Ore, is a long and narrow
peninsula, the s. end of which is often called the bank. It is not of
sand, but is covered with large stones rounded by the action of
the waves. No other beach on the Suf. coast is ever called a bank
(F.H.).
6. Any limited area, such as that occupied by farm
buildings and homestead ; the premises.
Chs.1 Uppo' th' bonk. s.Chs.1 A housemaid will speak of
cleaning the kitchen as ' gy'efin Or bongk kleeun ' [gettin* her bonk
cleean] ; and a farmer who has driven a tramp from his premises
will say he has ' buwtid im of )th bongk ' [bowled him off the bonk].
7. A section of peat that is being dug.
S. & Ork.1 n.Lan. Griav sum fpeatl off dhat heimar benk
(W.S.).
8. (a) The mouth of a pit- shaft and the adjoining sur-
face ; the part of the mine which is above ground.
Nhb. But, spite o' rank, aw cum te bank Is happy is a king,
ROBSON Evangeline (1870) 333; You ask for eight hours from
bank to bank, Dy. Chron. (Feb. n, 1896) 6, col. 7 ; Nhb.1 At bank.
Nhb., Dur. GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (18491 '< To draw your coals to
bank, Compleat Collier (1708) 12. [Hours of labour are reckoned
from bank to bank ; that is, the time is reckoned from leaving the
surface to returning to the surface, Gl. Lab. (1894).]
Hence Bonkie, sb. a girl employed on the bank as a
banksman is.
Shr.1
(b) Comb. Bank men, men employed on the surface of
a coal-pit.
Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Ti. Gl. (1888).
(c) A working place from 3 to 20 yds. wide, gen. driven
'on the bord,' i.e. at right angles to the cleavage of
the coal.
w.Yks. (S.J.C.)
9. A pottery manufactory.
Stf.!2
10. Comp. (i) Bank-cress, Barbarea praecox ; (2)
•manager, in a colliery : a man who is manager on the
pit-bank ; (3) -rider, see below ; (4) -thyme, wild thyme,
Thymus serpyllum.
(i) I.W. So called from its growing on hedge-banks, B. & H.
(a) n.Stf. (J.T.) (3) Nhb., Dur. Bank-riders are men who ride the
coal-wagons or trucks moving on self-acting inclines, or inclines
worked by ropes and hauling engines, on the surface or ' bank '
of a pit (T.E.F.). (4) Brks. B. & H.
[1. Banke of an hill, procliuitas, LEVINS Manip. (1570) ;
To reste Vnder a brod banke bi a bourne syde, P. Plowman
(A.) Prol. 8. 4. We suppose a bank of hill ants to amount
to six thousand, GOULD Eng. Ants (1747) 76 (N.E.D.).
5. Litus, the sea banke : lande lying by the sea, COOPER
(1565) ; Banke of be see, litus, "Prompt. ; He sette ones
. . . his chaierin )>e banke of be see, TREVISA Higden (1387)
Rolls Ser. VII. 135.— ON. bakki (for older banke), ridge,
bank of river, &c. ; cp. Dan. bakke, hillock, rising ground.
EFris. bank (in sandbank) (KOOLMAN).]
BANK, sb.2 Obsol. Sc. Yks. Dor. Also written
baenk S. & Ork.1; benk w.Yks.1 A bench, usually of
stone.
S. & Ork.1 w.Yks. A stone bench, often seen at the cottage
door for the housewife's use. Seldom heard now, though twenty
or thirty years ago it formed part of the every-day speech of
working people, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 3, 1891) ; A bench on
which masons face or dress stones, Hlfx. Wds. ; (J.T.) ; w.Yks.1
Dor. I can work the stone better if I put him on a bank (C.W.).
[Bane, a bench, bank, form, seat. . . . Bancelle, a little
bench or bank, COTGR. ; Stod uppen ane boncke (v.r.
benche), LAJAMON (c. 1205) 25185. OE. banca, bench
(in ho-bancd), cp. OFr. bane ; OFris. bank (RICHTHOFEN) ;
MHG.banc, (LEXER).]
BANK, v.1 Nhb. Dur. Lan. Stf. Lin. War. Oxf. Dev.
Cor. [bank, basrjk. ]
1. With prep, up : trans. To heap or pile up.
n.Stf. Said of coal when piled up on the pit-bank (J.T.). n.Lin.1
Th' muck was bank'd up three foot high agaain Bottesworth
Chech wall. Oxf.1 To bank up the fire, to put a chump of wood
and a heap of small coal at the back of the fire, MS. add. Dev.3
I've agot to bank up tha back-ouze vire.
2. intr. Of clouds : to gather in masses.
ne.Lan.1 ' It's banking up,' spoken of clouds gathering. War.
(J.R.W.) Cor. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
3. With prep, out : to 'teem' coals into a heap as they are
drawn, instead of into the wagons.
Nhb.1 Nhb., Dnr. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
[2. Cp. the phr. ' a bank of clouds ' for a long, flat-topped
mass of cloud lying just above the horizon. The word
bank is used in this sense in many Germ, and Scand.
dialects. Cp. Du. bank (KLUYVER, 979), WFlem. bank
(DE Bo). ON. bakki, heavy clouds in the horizon (Vic-
FUSSON) ; so Norw. dial, bakke (AASEN). G. bank (SANDERS) ;
hence LG. banken, used of a bank of clouds (BERGHAUS).]
BANK, v? Yks. Lan. Also written bonk w.Yks.2
[bank, beqk ; Lan. also bonk.]
1. tntr. To become bankrupt, to fail.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). Yks. Dunnot ye know 'at Turner's is
banked ? TAYLOR Miss Miles (1890) xv ; To help the pooir mon
who's bankin', FETHERSTON Goorkrodger (1870) 29 ; Onnyhoo he
banked, and the bankin' broke his heart, ib, 32. w.Yks. He
X 2
BANK
BANNED
bankt varry sooin, BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865) ; Ah'll be bank'd
— if ah sell thee sticks, DIXON Slaaiibtirn /aiV (1871) 12 ; Th' old
Martin had bankt twice, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1889) 44 ; w.Yks.3,
eXan.1
Hence Banker, one who becomes bankrupt.
w.Yks.3
2. trans. To make bankrupt.
w.Yks.2 I've ommast bonked him [won all his marbles] ; w.Yks.3
Lan. Aw known nought abeawt it havin' banked som'dy afore,
but aw know it ud ha' soon banked me, STANDING Echoes (1885) 15.
[An abbrev. of bankrupt.]
BANK, v? ?Obs. Dev. To beat.
n.Dev. GROSE (1790). [Unknown to our correspondents.]
BANK-COCKSIE, see Banky-feather-poke.
BANKER, sb.1 Yks. Stf. Lin. [ba-rjka(r).]
1. A navvy, a drain- and ditch-digger.
e.Yks.1 n.Lin. He leans hissen up agean pig-sty wall, an'
swears like a banker, PEACOCK Taales (1889) loa ; n.Lin.1 The
judge and bar were puzzled by being told that a disreputable
fellow whom the police had found asleep under a straw-stack was
a banker. ' A banker,' exclaimed the judge. . . . ' Yes, sur, and he
is a banker, that I'll tak my bible oath on, for I seed him mellin'
doon kids at the stathe end not ower three weeks sin',' replied
the witness, Stamford Merc. (Aug. 7, 1874). sw.Lin.1 Tom Otter,
who was hung in chains near Drinsey Nook in 1806, and whose
gibbet many can remember standing, is described as a banker.
2. A man who works on the pit-bank, as opposed to
miners working in the pit. Cf. banksman.
Stf.2 Iz i 3 bonksr, ar duz i wark i 8" pit ?
[Bank, sb^-f-er.]
BANKER, sb? Aus. A flood or ' spate ' that rises to
the river-bank or above it.
[Aus., N.S.W. In the gully, at any moment the rain may fall in
the mountains, and the creek come down a banker, washing us
away, CLARKE Valley Council (1891) v ; The river was high, had
come down ' a banker,' and any further rainfall at the head waters
. . . might bring down a flood, BOLDREWOOD Colon. Reformer
(1890) III. xxviii.]
BANKER, sb? Yks. Lin. Nhp. Som. Cor. [ba-rjka(r),
bae-rjk3(r).]
1. The bench or rough table upon which a mason rests
the stone he is working.
Yks. VWy. Post (Sept 22, 1883) 3. w.Yks. (T.H.H.) ; Gen.
three to four feet long, and usually improvised from a packing
case or a stout baulk sawn into three pieces (H.L.). n.Lin.1,
Nhp.1 w.Som.1 A kind of rough erection upon which the stones
for building are dressed or nobbled.
Hence Bankert sand, phr. the sand made by masons
in working stone.
w.Yks. Hl/x. Wds.
2. Rough boards nailed together like a small door, used
by masons on a scaffold to hold their mortar : also called
a mortar-spot.
w.Som.1
3. One who hews rough stone into shape fit for walling.
w.Som.1 Tom's the best banker ever I seed in my life.
4. A cushion.
Cor.12 Bankers and Dorsars, cushions for seats and backs of
settles.
BANK-FULL, adj. phr. Yks. Wor. Full to the brim,
quite filled up.
w.Yks. CUDWORTH Morton (1886) Gl. s.Wor. Said of a stream
when full to the brim, PORSON Quaint Wds. (1875).
BANK-BOOK, sb. Shr. Hrf. A large fish-hook, so
called from being baited and laid in brooks or running
water and attached by a line to the bank.
Shr., Hrf. BOUND Prov. (1876). [WORLIDGE Syst. Agric.
BANKING MAN, phr. Lin. A navvy, or bank mender.
See Banker, sb.1
n.Lin.1
BANK.JUG, sb. Lei. Bdf. Also written bank-jugg
l_rd.
1. The willow-wren or willow-warbler, Phylloscopus
trochilus.
Lei.1 [SWAINSON Birds (1885; a6 ; JOHNS Biit. Birds (1862).]
2. The chiffchaflf, Phylloscopus rufus.
Bdf. Bank-bottle or -jug, from the shape and situation of its nest,
SWAINSON Birds (1885) 26. [JOHNS Brit. Birds (1862).]
[Bank, sb.1 +jug (the drinking-vessel).]
BANK-MARTIN, sb. Wil. The sand-martin, Cotile
riparia. See Bank-swallow.
Wil. Next day the eave-swallow appeared, and also the bank-
martin, JEFFERIES Hdgrow. (1889) 215. [FORSTER Swallow (1817)
n, ed. 6 ; Bank-martin, from its habit of excavating with its bill
a nest in the sandy banks, SWAINSON Birds (1885) 56.]
BANKROPE, sb. and v. Sc. Irel. Also written bank-
rape Sc. ?
1. sb. A bankrupt.
n.Ir. In common use (M.B.-S.) ; N.I.1
2. v. To become bankrupt.
Sc. A wonder the whole city does not bankrape, and go out of
sicht, Lett. Jane W. Carlyle (Sept. i, 1834).
BANKROUT, sb. Obs. ? Dur. Cor. A bankrupt.
N.Cy.1 Dnr.1 Nearly obs. Cor.1 2
[A bankerout or bankrupt, decoctor, ROBERTSON Phras.
(1693) ; A bankrout, to turn bankrout, COLES (1679) ! Time
is a very bankrout, SHAKS. Com. Err. (1623) iv. ii. 58 ; One
that hath riotously wasted his substance, a banqueroute,
decoctor, BARET (1580). Fr. banqueroute (in phr. faire
banqueroute). It. bancardtta, a bankrupt merchant, FLORIO
(1611).]
BANKSIDE, s6. Nhb. Yks. The side of a slope.
Nhb.1 n.Yks.1 Ah seed him gannan' alang t'bank-side an' oop
til t'moor nae lang tahm syne.
BANKSMAN, sb. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Chs. Stf. Der. Shr.
Also written bonksman Shr.12
L Mining term : the man who has control of the shaft
top. See Bank, sb.1 8, Banker, sb.1
N.Cy.1 Nhb. Smash ! a banksman or hewer, No not a fine
viewer, Durst jaw to the noble Bob Cranky, N. Minstrel (1806-7)
pt. iv. 77 ; There is a strict notice taken dayly by the said bancks-
men, if honest, of the filling of the corves with coals, Compleat
Collier (1708) 14 ; Nhb.1 He regulates the descent of the pitmen,
lands the coals at the top of the pit, draws the full tubs from the cages,
and replaces them with empty ones. He also puts the full tubs to
the screens, and teems the coals. Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal
Tr. Gl. (1888). w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. Stf.2 Der. GROSE (1790) MS.
add. (P.); Der.2, nw.Der.1, Shr.12 [Banksmen also have charge of
the signals between the enginemen and the 'onsetter,' Gl. Lab.
(1894).]
2. The foreman in a salt mine.
Chs.1
BANKSTERSHIP, see Bangster.
BANK-SWALLOW, sb. w.Yks. Wor. See Bank-
martin.
w.Yks. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 56. w.Wor. Berrow's Jrn.
(Mar. 3, 1888).
BANKY, adj. Nhb. Yks. War. Shr. Hrf. Written
bonky Shr.1
1. Of a field : uneven, full of ridges ; lying on a hillside.
n.Yks.1 Aye, he's getten t'farm nane sae dear ; but there's a
vast o' banky land iv it. War. (J.R. W.) Shr.1 I tell yo' a double
plough's no chonce i' them bonky pieces, they'n chuck it out spite
o' yore tith. Shr., Hrf. BOUND Prov. (1876). Hrf.1 A banky
piece, a field with banks in it ; Hrf.2
2. Of a road: hilly.
Nhb.1 n-Yks.1 T'rooad to Whitby's sair an' banky. w.Yks.
Ye see it's varra banky i' this countrie, LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale
(c. 1882^ 232. Stf.2
[Bank, sb.1 + -y.]
BANKY-FEATHER.POKE, sb. Not. The willow-
wren, Phylloscopus trochilus.
Not.1 This name is given to the bird because its nest is built in
a bank, preferably near water, and is literally a poke or bag of
feathers. It is also known as Bank-cocksie ; Not.2
BANNA, see Bannock.
BANNAT, sb. Irel. Well-sinker's term : building
material, like burned stone.
Ant. Also called Scruffer (W.H.P.).
BANNED, pp. Dev. [bsend.] Of persons : having
had the banns of marriage published.
s.Dev. (,G.E.D.
BANNEE
[i57]
BANNOCK
BANNEE, v. Obsol. Dev. To contradict rudely.
n.Dev. Than tha wut chocklee and bannee, Exm. Scold. (1746)
1. 233. Dev.3
BANNEL, sb. Cor. The plant Sarothamnus scopanus,
common broom.
Cor. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; QUILLER-COUCH Hist. Polpcrro
(1871)173; Cor.12
[A Celtic word. Cor. banal (WILLIAMS), OCor.
banathel, broom; OW. banadil; MBret. balasnenn; Bret.
balan. See STOKES Cor. Gl. in Trans. Phil. Soc. (1868)
144, and STOKES Urkelt. Sprachsch. (1894). See Baleise.]
BANNER, sb. Glo. [bavna(r).] The stickleback,
Gasterosteus trachurus.
Glo.1
[Ban-, of banstickle + -er.]
BANNERING, vbl. sb. Shr. [bavnarin.] The custom
of perambulating the boundaries of a parish on Ascension
Day.
Shr. At Shrewsbury, the bounds-beating was called Bannering,
and was kept up annually till within the last thirty years. The
boys of the National Schools, accompanied by the churchwardens,
beadles, and sexton of each parish, used to set forth on Ascension
Day, making a hideous noise with penny trumpets, and carrying
long wands called Bannering poles, gaily tied with bunches of
flowers, BURNE Flk-Lore (1883) 345 ; Shr.1 ; Shr.2 A number of
boys, headed by the inferior parochial authorities, walk round the
boundaries of a parish for the purpose of maintaining the local
jurisdiction and privileges. [Going the bounds of a parish on
Holy Thursday is in some parts of the kingdom call'd bannering,
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)]
[In one of Skelton's Merie Tales the poet says to a
cobler, Neybour, you be a tall man, and in the kynge's
warres you must bere a standard. A standard, said the
cobler, what a thing is that ? Skelton said, It is a great
banner, such a one as thou dooest use to bere in Roga-
cyon Weeke. ' Vexilla pro Rogacionibus ' are mentioned
among the banners belonging to Christ Church, Canter-
bury, in MS. Coll. Galba E. iv. See BRAND Pop. Ant.
(1795) ed. 1849, 200.]
BANNET, see Bonnet.
BANNET-HAY, sb. Obs.1 Wil. A rickyard. See
Hay (enclosure).
Wil. (K.) ; Wll.1
BANNICK, v. Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp. I.W. Wil. Also
in the forms bannock Ken.1 ; bannix Wil.1 [bavnak.]
1. To thrash, beat soundly. See Banish.
Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1, Sur.1 Sus. Obs. (R.H.C.) ; Sus.12, Hmp.1.
I.W.2
Hence Bannicking, vbl. sb. a thrashing.
Ken.1 He's a tiresome young dog ; but if he don't mind you.
jest you give him a good bannocking. Sur.1 If you go and get
wet you'll get a bannicking when you go home. Sus.1 I'll give
him a good bannicking if I catch him.
2. To chase, to hunt about.
WU. Pretty gen. distributed in s.Wil. only (G.E.D.) ; Wil.1
Go an' bannix they vowls out. Dwon't bannix about they poor
thengs like that.
BANNIE, see Bannock.
BANNIELS, see Banyel.
BANNIGIN, sb. Stf. A kind of moleskin cloth.
Stf.2 Used esp. in making forgemen's trowsers, or 'banigin
brichiz.'
BANNIN, sb. Som. [bea'nin.] A barrier, anything
forming a temporary fence.
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873).
w.Som.1 When a footpath crosses a field it is very common to
crook down branches of thorn, at intervals, on each side of the
path, to prevent people from straying from the track. This is freq.
called ' puut-een daewn sm bae-uneen ' [putting down some bannin].
[From ban, vb., in the sense of to proscribe, prohibit.
Cp. Milton's use of ban, sb. : That sacred fruit, sacred to
abstinence . . . under ban to touch, P. L. ix. 925.]
BANNIS.56. Wil. [bse-nis.] The stickleback, Gastero-
steus trachurus.
Wil. BRITTON Beauties (1825) ; Wil.i [SATCHELL (1879).]
[An abbrev. of bannistickle, see Banstickle.]
BANNISTER MONEY, phr. Obs. Dev. Money paid
by the mayors of Exeter to poor people, who travelled
with passes, to enable them to depart out of the limits of
the jurisdiction.
Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
[To a bannister souldier to Ashton o. i. 6 (1651) ; For
earring of bannisters and other vagiren parsons some to
the gayle and some to Bridewell o. 4. o (1585) ; To John
Low the tything man for carrydge of bannisters and
others commanded to appear before the Justices for the
whole year o. o. 8 (1572), Chw. Ace. of Chudleigh in HALLE
Letters . . . relating to places in the Vale of Teign (1851)
95> 97> IO1- The word means proscribed, banished, and
is a der. of banished, pp. For the suff. -er cp. barrister,
chorister, sophister.}
BANNISTICKLE, see Banstickle.
BANNO, see Bannock.
BANNOCK, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Stf. e.An. Hmp. Wil. Som. Dev. Also in the
forms bonnock N.I.1 ; bunnock Lan.1 ; bannick Wil.
Som. nw.Dev.1 ; banna, banno Rxb. ; bannie e.Lth. ;
bonnag I. Ma. [ba'nak, ba»'nak ; ba'ni.]
1. A cake composed of oatmeal or barley mixed with
water and baked on a girdle.
Sc. Bannoks is better nor na kin bread, RAY Prov. (1678) 364;
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.); The bones and fragments lay on
the wooden trenchers, mingled with morsels of broken bannocks, '
SCOTT Antiquary (1816) xxvi ; To whang at the bannocks of barley
meal, ib. Midlothian (1818) xxxvii. Abd. For a' the wealth that
she had left at hame Of cheese and bannocks, butter, milk,
and ream, Ross Helenore (1768) 59, ed. 1812; But there's ait
kyaaks and bannocks tee, Goodwife (1867) st. u ; A bit bannock
and butter, COBBAN Andaman (1895) xxii. Frf. A wife was
expected to be cunning in the making of marmalade and the
firing of bannocks, BARRIE Liclit (1888) iv; Her bannocks is
so superior "at a Tilliedrum woman took to her bed after tastin'
them, ib. Thrums (1889^ viii. Fif. Great wallets, cramm'd with
cheese and bannocks and cold tongue, TENNANT Anster (1812) 33.
Cld. Bake me a bannock and roast me a collop, CHAMBERS Pop.
Rhymes (1870) 106; Denham Tracts (ed. 1895) II. 88. Rnf. Owre
a board, wi' bannocks heapet, Cheese and stowps and glasses stood,
WILSON WoWy ( 1 792) 4. Ayr. Bannocks o' bear-meal, bannocks o'
barley, BURNS Bannocks o1 Barley, st. i ; Wi' hale-breeks, saxpence,
an' a bannock, ib. Letter to Tennant, \. 48. Lth. Her bottle sae
mensem' an' bannocks sae denty She brocht out to pree [taste],
SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 116. e.Lth. A roun' gawsy face, like
a Selkirk bannie or a hairst mune, HUNTER J. Inwick (1895) 107.
Bwk. She milked the ewes, the bannas she baket, HENDERSON
Pop. Rhymes (1856) 75. Gall. He had a can o' guid sweet milk
an' a basketfu' o' bannocks, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) xliv. Ir.
When I saw everyone at this refreshing meal with a good thick
substantial bannock, CARLETON Traits Peas. (1848) I. 257. N.I.1
n.Cy. GROSE U79o); N.Cy.12 Nhb. The butter, the cheese, and
the bannocks, RITSON A'. Garl. (1810) 57; Nhb.1 Cum. Wot ban-
nick, cauld dumplin, an top stannin pye, ANDERSON Ballads (1808)
140 ; Their bread was clap-keakk meadd of barley meal, Or hard
havver bannock so thick, DICKINSON Cumbr. (1876) 238. Wm.1
With the universal use of wheaten bread in modern times bannocks
of the old-fashioned kind are rarely now made. n.Yks. Waies is
me husband, our awd bread's all gane, We mun mak bannocks till
th' bakin come hame, MERITON Praise Ale (1684) 1. 193. ne.Yks.1
e.Yks.1 A large shapeless cake. m.Yks.1 Made of coarse meal,
rolled out thinly, and hung upon cords, or on a rack, among
the rafters, to dry and harden. w.Yks. Seldom heard except
among farmers and old men, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Dec. 27, 1890) ;
(J.T.) ; w.Yks.1 Taste ayther it or some bannocks, ii. 300;
w.Yks.3 After baking it is placed on the haver-bread reel to dry ;
w.Yks.4 Tharfe cakes. Lan. COLES Eng. Diet. (1677) ; (P.R.);
Lan.1, n.Lan.1, ne.Lan.1 I.Ma. On potatoes and herrings and
barley bonnag, lived Bridget and her little Pete, CAINE Manxman
(1894) pt. i. iii. s.Chs.1 Ahy kud ee-t uz men'i baairiiks uz yu kud
drahyv u maat-uk throo [I could eat as many bannocks as y& could
drive a mattock through]. Stf.2 e-An.1 A cake baked in a French
oven. Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) 85. Hmp. Banack,
a biscuit (H.C.M.B.). Wil. An brade wur up at zich a rate,
Barley bannicks, mwoastly we'd ta ate, SLOW Rhymes (1889)
4th S. 84. Som. SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885.) Dev.3 A very
hard, dry biscuit nw.Dev.1 Com. in phr. ' hard's a bannick.' The
ground's avrore zo hard's a bannick ; there's no doin' nort to't.
2. Comp. (i) Bannock-even, Shrove Tuesday; (2)
•faced, having a flat face and a short nose ; (3) -fed,
BANNOCK
[158]
BANTER
subsisting chiefly on bannocks ; (4) -hive, corpulency
induced by eating plentifully ; a corpulent person ; (5)
-iron, a plate, fixed on grate-bars, for baking bannocks ;
(6) -stick, a wooden instrument for rolling out bannocks,
a rolling-pin.
(i) Abd. This must have been denominated from the preparation
of bannock for the festivities of this evening (JAM.). (2) Cum.1
Bannock-feass't. (3) Bwk. In the howe hole o' the Merre A' the
folk are bannock fed, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 34. (4) So.
Ye've been nae stranger to the bannock hive, MORRISON Poems
(1790) 178 (JAM.). Fit I behauld that bannock-hive set up again.
TENNANT Papistry (1827) 166. (5) Cum.1 (6) Sc. A bassie, and
a bannock-stick, There's gear enough to mak ye sick, HOGG Jacob.
Rel. (1819) ist S. 118, ed. 1874.
3. A small quantity of meal due to the servants of a mill
in consequence of thirlage (JAM.).
Sc. The sequels. . .pass by the name ofknaveship and of bannock
and lock or gowpen, ERSKINE last. Law (1773) II. 9, sec. 19.
[1. Bannock, an oat-cake tempered in water, and baked
under the embers, BAILEY (1721) ; Bannok,focactus, panis
subcinericius, Cath. Angl. (1483).]
BANNOCK, v.1 Yks. [ba'nak.] To lounge about idly.
ne.Yks.1 Sha wad sit up hauf o' t'neet, an' bannock i' bed hauf
o' t'daay. e.Yks.1
BANNOCK, v.2 Yks. [ba-nak.] To work coal in
layers from the top of the seam.
w.Yks. A seam of dirt running in between the coal is some-
times bannocked, or taken out before the coal (J.H.B.).
BANNOCK-FLUKE, sb. Sc. The turbot, Rhombus
tnaxtmus.
Sc. How much for the bannock-fluke and cock-padle ! SCOTT
Antiquary (1816) xi ; GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Kcd. The fish
commonly caught on the coast of the Mearns . . . are turbot
(called here rodden-fluke and bannock-fluke), Aerie. Surv. (JAM.)
[SATCHELL (1879).]
[A der. of Bannock, sb.]
BANNUT, sb. Chs. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Rdn. Glo.
Wil. Som. Also written bar-nut s.Chs.1 ; bannit se.Wor.1
[ba'nat, bae-nat] The walnut, fruit of Juglans regia ;
also applied to the growing tree itself, and in War. and
Shr. to soft-shelled walnuts of a larger kind.
Chs.1 ; Chs.3 When it is cut up [the wood] is called walnut
s.Chs.1 War. (J.R.W.) ; War.3 I only knew this term applied
to a peculiar kind of walnut— larger, and not so firm in the kernel
as the ordinary walnut. Wor. They picks they stones off the
common, as small as bannuts (H. K.). w.Wor.1 Sarmints is ahl like
bannuts ; d'reckly yu opens 'urn, yd knaows w'ats in 'urn. s.Wor
PORSON Quaint Wds. (1875) 12 ; s.Wor.i A small kind of walnut.
se.Wor.1 The fust time as ever I knaowed 'im wus w'en 'e wus
took up fur stalin' bannits. Shr.1 * Hrf. The growing tree is
called bannut, but the converted timber, walnut, DUNCUMB Hist
Hrf. (1804-12) ; Hrf.1 2 Rdn. MORGAN Wds. (1881). Glo. GROSE
(1790) MS. add. (H.); We cannot tell how many bannuts there
be, till we beat the trees (A.B.); ELLIS Promm. (1889) V. 66.
ne.Glo. The old man . . . forbade the young fellow's visits, bluntly
declaring that he might go and ' bad the bannuts ' somewhere
else, Household Wds. (1885) M1- Clo.1" w.Cy. MORTON Cyclo.
Agnc. (1863). Wil. BRITTON Beauties (1825) ; Wil.1 Som. A
woman, a spaunel, and a bannut tree, The mooar you bate 'em
the better they be, W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; Only used in «. of the
county, JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng. (1869).
[Bannenote-tre, auelcma (a filbeVt tree) (c. 1450), WRIGHT
voc. 629.]
BANNYSTICKLE, see Banstickle.
BANSHEE, sb. Sc. Irel. n.Cy. Also written benshee.
A supernatural being, in the form of a woman, who is
supposed to wail outside a house to announce the
approaching death of a member of the family.
Sc. The cries and shrieks of Benshi, or the fairies wife, uttered
along the very path where the funeral is to pass, PENNANT Tour
(1769) 205 (JAM.). Gall. She deemed the Bible might ward aff
scaitn, Be it benshee, bogle, ghaist, or wraith, NICHOLSON Hist,
lales • (1843) 81 ; Not properly a Gall, word, but imported from
rel. (.A.W.) Ir. As no banshee ever followed her own family
she didn t suppose that it could be such a thing, CARLETON Trait's
Peas (1848) 1. 99 ; The Vargin defend us ... if 'tis not the
banshee ! CROKER Leg. (1862) 267 ; Cock them up with a banshee,
moyah, partly hke, Fit-Lore Rec. (1881) IV. lai ; The banshee
was heard keening round the house, YEATS Ftk-Tales (1888) in •
She's bin hearin' the banshee, M°NULTY Misther O'Ryan (1894) xii
The banshee was said to follow only particular families, principally
the old Milesians. Its form was that of a female weeping, wringing
its hands, and uttering the national keene or lamentation for the
dead (E.M.). n.Cy. Shadows, banshees, Han-hanshees, Dcnliam
Tracts (ed. 1895) II. 79.
[Ir. bean sidhe, Olr. ben side, woman of the fairy
dwelling or mound (MACBAIN, s.v. SitK).}
BANSIL, see Bensil.
BANSKITTLE, see Banstickle.
BANSTICKLE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Glo. Oxf. Brks. Hmp.
Wil. Som. Dev. Also in the forms banestickle Sh.I. ;
bainstickle Nhb.1 ; banskittle Brks.1 ; bannistickle
Hmp.1 Som. ; bannystickle Oxf.1 ; bamstickle Hmp. ;
bonetickle Nhb.1 ; baneprickle Cld. ; bantickle Hmp.1
Wil.1 ; bannytickle Som. ; bramstickle Wil.1 [be-nstikl,
ba-nstikl.] The stickleback, Gasterosteus trachurus.
Or.I. The three-spined stickleback which we distinguish by the
name of banstickle is found in every small running brook or loch
that has any communication with any piece of fresh water BARRY
Hist. (1805) 389 (JAM.). Sh.I. [Coll. L.L.B.] Cld. (JAM.) Nhb.1
Glo. GROSE (1790) JUS. add. (H.) Oxf.1, Brks.1 Hmp. ' He'd
starve a bamstickle ' is a proverbial expression for a very stingy
person (H.C.M.B.) ; Hmp.1 Wil. SLOW Gl. (1892) ; Wil.1 Som.
W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885). Dev.
w.Times (Feb. 26, 1886) a, col. a. [SATCHELL (1879).]
[Bansticle, a stickle-back, BAILEY (1721) ; A bansticle
[fish], Pungitius, Spinochia, COLES (1679) ; A banstickle,
Trachyda, LEVINS Manip. (1570) ; Trachida. I suppose it
is a banstickle, COOPER (1565). Repr. an OE. bansticels :
ban, bone+sticels, a prick, sting.]
BANT, sb. Yks. Lan. [bant.] Vigour, strength,
endurance, ' go.'
w.Yks. He's some bant in him, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Aug. 1, 1891).
Lan. Aw geet us mich meyte un pottytus us aw cud heyte fur
ninepunze, un aw gan it sum bant awl warrant yo, Eggshibishun
(!8s6) 33 ; He're sure to gallop when he should ha walked, an'
get to th' end of his bant in no time, BRIERLEY Red Wind. (1867)
xiv ; They'n some bant about 'em, thoose han, an' fit to be th'
mothers of a young nation, ib. Ab-o'th- Yate Yankeeland (1885^ v;
! A man who ' has no bant in him ' is a poor, feeble being, Tit-Bits
' (Aug. 8, 1891) 280, col. i ; Lan.1 He's good for nowt : there's no
bant in him : he can noather eyt [eat] nor wark.
[Prob. cogn. w. bend, vb. Cp. bent, used in the sense of
concentrated energy, prop, the force with which a bow
bent tends to spring back. Cp. MDu. bant, power, force,
constraint, sway (OUDEMANS).]
BANT, v. Yks. Lan. [bant.]
1. To conquer, achieve, manage.
Lan. ' Hay,' cried Craddy ; ' I've done very weel ! I couldn't bant
another smite,' WAUGH Old Cronies (1875) iii ; Lan.1 Conto bant
it ? Conto bant him ?
2. To beat down in price.
w.Yks. Aw ax him a fair price, an tha can bet thi life he doesn't
bant me (J.H.) ; She bants everybody shus [choose] weer she
gooes to buy ought (S.N.) ; w.Yks.3
Hence Banting, vbl. sb. haggling.
w.Yks. Ah gat 'em at a guinea by banting (M.F.).
BANTAM-SOW, sb. Obs. Hmp. A small sow.
Hmp. A half-bred bantam-sow was as thick as she was long, WHITE
Selborne (1788) 150, ed. 1853. [Not known to ourcorrespondents.]
BANTER, sb. Irel. Chs. [ba'nta(r).]
1. A haggling about prices.
s.Chs.1 Ah)d 0 praafi baan-tur ufoa-r ah kfld bringg- urn tu mi
prahys [Ah'd a pratty banter afore ah could bring 'em to my
price].
2. A challenge.
Ir. County cricket clubs talk of sending or receiving a banter to
play a match (M.B.-S.).
BANTER, v. Irel. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. War.
Shr. Glo. Amer. [ba'nto(r), bae'nta(r).]
1. To cheapen, to haggle.
w.Yks.3 It's o' no use yor tryin' to banter me ; Au s'll tak' no
less. War.2 [Amer. Dial. Notes (1895) 396.]
2. With prep. down, (a) To beat down in price.
Cum. She wantet owre much for her berries, but I banter't her
down a bit (M.P.). Wm.1 T'butter-badger triet hard to banter me
BANTING
[159]
BAR
doon but a stuck to ma price and gat it. e.Yks.1 Ah ast [asked]
him hauf-a-croon fo't, an he banthered ma doon ti two-an-thrip-
pence, MS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks. He bantur'd t'profits daan ta
nowt, PRESTON Poems, tfc, (1864) n ; He wanted £3 los. for it,
but I bantered him down to £3 (S.K.C.). e.Lan.1 s.Chs.'
Dhaat-'s dhii miin'i uz ahy)l taak- ; un ah shaajirii bi baan'tiird
daayn bi ndo'bdi [That's the money as I'll tak ; an' ah shanna be
bantered dai'n by noob'dy]. War.3 I wouldn't sell the cow to him
now at no price, he tried to banter me down so. Shr.1 I dunna
want to banter yo down in price ; if yo thinken yo can get
more for 'im by takin' "im to Ellesmur far', tak 'im, I've toud yo
whad I mane to give ! Glo.1
(b) To get the better of in a dispute of any kind.
s.Chs.1 Ah kud)nu baan'tur iim daayn bii wot ahy mun pree'ch
for urn nekst Sim'di [Ah cudna banter em dai'n bu' what I mun
preach for 'em next Sunday].
3. To squabble, tease, taunt.
n.Ir. A bantered him to box me (W.J.K.). Uls. (M.B.-S.) N.I.1
He bantered me to fight him.
4. With prep, about: to potter about, bustle about.
Glo. Banter about and get the tea (H.S.H.) ; Glo.1
BANTING, sb. Sc. [ba'ntin.] A bantam fowl.
Edb. All the birds and beasts seemed as tame as our bantings,
MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) 34.
[Bantam, contain, w. suff. -ing.}
BANTLING, sb.1 Sc. Lan. Chs. Lin. War. Wor.
[ba-ntlin, bae'ntlin.] A child, a baby.
Sc. Sell me to a gipsy to carry pots, pans, and beggars bant-
lings all the rest of my life, SCOTT Nigel (1822) xxi. Lan. Be at
t'church porch i' half an hour, an t'bantlin shall be delivered to
you safe an' sound, AINSWORTH Witches (ed. 1849) vii ; Here,
Matty wench, tak' thi bantlin' . . . before aw eit it, MULLINS Johnny,
\ ; The Brid an' Bantlin' is colloq. used to represent the ' Eagle
and Child,' a public-house sign (F.E.T.). ne.Lan.1, Chs.1, n.Lin.1,
War. (J.R.W.), Wor. (J.W.P.)
[Bantling (used only in low or droll style), a little child,
an infant, ASH (1795) ; Bantling, a young child, KERSEY
(1715). Prob. the same as G. bantling, bastard (SANDERS).
Cp. Swab. dial, bankle, bantle, ' ein Kleiner dicker Mensch,
ahnlich mit Bankard, worunter man in Ulm ein armseliges
Kind versteht' (SCHMID). The word prop, means 'a
child begotten on a bench and not in the marriage bed,'
see GRIMM (s.v. Bankharf).}
BANTLING, sb* Nhb. Suf. [ba'ntlin, bae'ntlin.] A
bantam.
Nhb.1, Suf.1
[A confusion of bantam w. bantling, sb.1]
BAN-TWIVY TWIST, adv. phr. Som. Askew, awry.
w.Som.1 Same in meaning as ' scurry whiff.' Kyaalth uz-zuul u
weelruyt ! neef ee aan u-ang dhu wee'ul u dhu wag'een aul ban
twuvee twiis, jis dhu vuree sae'um-z u fud'lurz uul-boa [calls
himself a wheelwright ! and if he has not hung the wheel of the
wagon all out of truth, just the very same as a fiddler's elbow].
BANTY, sb.1 Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. War.
[ba-nti.]
1. A bantam.
N.I.1, Nhb.1 Cum. He's as conceitit as a banty, SARGISSON Joe
Scoap (1881) 66; Cum.1 Wm. Stickan up thersels like Betty
Yudal banty, Spec. Dial. 1,1877; pt. i. 37. e.Yks.1
2. Fig. A small, strutting, conceited person.
Cum. Referring to a small, important person. Puir laal banty !
(M.P.); Cum.'
3. In comp. (i) Banty-cock, (a) a bantam cock ; (b)
fig. a small, conceited person ; (c) a haycock of intermediate
size ; (2) -hen, a bantam hen.
(i) (a) e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Aug. i, 1891).
ne.Lan.1, War. (J.R.W.) (b) e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl.
(Aug. i, 1891). ne.Lan.1, War. (J.R.W.) (<r) Cum.1 (2! ne.Lan.1
[Bantam, altered through contam. of final syllable with
suff. -y.]
BANTY, si.2 Glo. [bae-nti.] A stickleback or minnow.
Glo.1
[An abbrev. for bantickle ; see Banstickle.]
BANWOOD, see Banewort.
BANYEL, sb. Sc. Nhb. Also written bangyal Bnff.1 ;
banniel Nhb.1 [ba-nyl.]
1. A bundle, a package.
Sc. Ane banyel o' myrrh is my weel-beloefet til me, RIDDELL
Sng. Sol. (1858) i. 13. Cld. Used in a contemptuous way (JAM.).
Nhb.1 He's off wi' aa his banniels.
2. A slovenly, idle fellow.
Rxb. QAM.)
3. A crowd of people.
Bnff.1 Ban-yals o' bairns came burriein' round the door. The
word contains the notion of disorder and rudeness.
BANYEL, v._ Sc. Also written bangyal Bnff.1 To
crowd, to move in a confused crowd.
Bnff.1
Hence Bangyalan, vbl. sb. the act of crowding.
Bnff.1
BAP, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. [bap.]
1. A thick cake of bread, baked in the oven.
Sc. Gen. [made] with yeast ; whether it be made of oatmeal,
barley-meal, flower of wheat, or a mixture (JAM.) ; Loaves,
penny-rows, thin bakes, thick baps, DRUMMOND Muckomachy (1846)
67. Fif. An auld leddy to show, as she said, her hospitality, . . .
haunded us an aicht-ounce bap and a bowl o' soor dook, MC!.AREN
Tibbie (1894) 15 ; The rent-money . . . was spent, and on sic doon-
richt trash as nikket baps, nutmegs, &c., ib. 98. Lnk. Tell us, are
ye for your burial baps round or square ? RAMSAY Remin. (1872)
14. e.Lth. We were sittin doun o' the bieldy side o' the stocks,
haein oor baps an' yill at the twal-hoors, HUNTER /. Imaick (1895)
ii. Edb. And Thomas Burling's bap account, MOIR Mansie Wauch
(1828) 40. Dwn. (C.H.W.)
2. A roll or small loaf, of various shapes, baked in the oven.
Sc. By the side of it baps and scones, by no means to be des-
pised, OLIPHANT Lover and Lass, 10 ; A flat breakfast roll, N. & Q.
( 1873) 4th S. xii. 215 ; And sowens and farls and baps, RAMSAY Tea-
Table Misc. (1724) I. 86, ed. 1871 ; His buttons were made o' the
baubee baps, And his name was Willy Wood, CHAMBERS Rhymes
(1870)41. Abd. Bakerie baps, sugary snaps (W.M.). Abd.,Rxb.
The shearers frae their baps an' ale, Their rural dinner, rise, A. Scorr
Poems (1808) 97. Slk. The young baker wha brings the baps in the
mornin, CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) II. 200. Uls. A diamond-
shaped loaf of bread usually sold at a penny, Ulster Jrn. Arch.
(1853-1862) VI. 46. Ant. Ballymena Obs.( 1892). N.I.1 A lozenge-
shaped bun, whitened with flour. Nhb.1
Hence Bapper, a vulgar name for a baker.
Abd. (JAM.) ; Still used, but not very common (W. M.). Per. The
term bapper implies a shade of contempt ^G.W.).
BAR, sb.1 Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs. Not. Lin. War. Glo.
Brks. Hmp. I.W. Som. Dev. Also written baar S. & Ork.1 ;
ban- N.Cy.2 w.Yks.* Not.1 [bar, ba(r).]
1. A flail ; the swing or movable part of the flail,
w. & s.Sc. (JAM. Suppl.}
Hence (i) Bar, v. to thrash, swing a flail (JAM. Suppl.),
see Barry ; (2) Barman, a thrasher, one accustomed to
the bar or flail (JAM. Suppl.).
(i) w. & s.Sc. It's no ilka ane can bar. Bar is used to express
simply the act or process, as ' I'm thinkin' to bar .some bear the
morn ' [I intend to thrash some barley to-morrow].
2. A crowbar.
Yks. A crowbar not more than four feet long (C.V.C.). n.Lin.1
Fetch th' bar an' prise it up. Glo.1
3. Comp. Bar-ire, (a) a crowbar, (b) iron in the form of
rods or bars for smiths' use.
(a) w.Som.1 Dev. A bar-ire, or crowbar, BRAY Desc. Tamar and
Tavy (1836) 1. 121 ; MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796). nw.Dev.1 Always
in the form bar-ire ; I have never heard a crowbar called ire-bar.
(b) w.Som.1 In reply to a remonstrance about his charges, a
blacksmith said, ' Well, sir, 'tis a little bit better now; but I didn't
charge no more vor shoein o'm when bar-ire was more-n so dear
again.' nw.Dev.1
4. A bar of iron used by shepherds in making holes for
the fold stakes, when pitching hurdles.
Brks., Hmp. A straight bar made of iron, generally about four
feet high, swelling out in circumference towards the bottom, but,
below this, pointed at the end (W.H.E.). I.W.1
5. The gate of a town or city.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.2 Bootham Bar, Monk Bar, in the
city of York. w.Yks.2 The four gates of York are called bars.
There shall come a hind into Sheffield in at the West Bar on
a market day (s.v. West-bar) ; w.Yks.* [(K.) ; Temple Bar in
London, Bootham-bar in York, KENNETT Par. Antiq. (1695).]
6. A gate across a road, gen. for the purpose of collecting
tolls.
Not.1
BAR
[160]
BARBULYIE
7. fig. An obstacle.
Ayr. It can ne'er be said that I'm ony bar till't, GALT Entail (1823)
xvii.
8. Timber used to support the roof of a seam in a mine.
w.Yks. (S.K.C.) ; (M.F.)
9. A longitudinal slice of a halibut, including the fin on
one side to the tail.
Sh.1. (K.I.), S. & Ork.1
10. A streak of colour on an animal.
e.Lan.1
Hence Barred, adj. striped, streaked.
e.Lan.1 A barred cow. Chs.1 A barred cat is a tabby cat. War.
(J.R.W.)
11. Comp. Bar-length, fig. a good length or way.
Lin.1 He was a bar-length before the others.
[11. I outdo Rousseau a bar length, STERNE Tr. Shandy
(1758), ed. 1770, VI. 145 (DAV.) ; The immodest ones
outdo the worst of us by a bar's length, both in thinking
and acting, RICHARDSON Cl.Harlowe (1748) III. 118 (DAV.)!]
BAR, sb? Sc. An infant's flannel waistcoat. Cf.
barrow, sb.', barrie.
Mry. (JAM.), Abd. (W.M.)
BAR, v.1 Sc. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Stf. Lin. War.
Shr. Som. [bar, ba(r).]
1. To shut, close, exclude, fasten out.
Frf. The shutter bars the outer world from the schoolhouse,
BARRIE Licht (1888) i. Gall. Have the bairns barred ye oot o'
the schule? CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (1895) 232. N.Cy.1 Bar the
door, shut the door. Bar the yet, close the gate. Dur.1 Cum.3
He said his wife had barr't 'im oot, as oft she'd deun afooar, 67.
ne.Lan.1 Bar them out.
2. To stop, forbid, prohibit.
Wm.1 Bars o' that ! [that shall not pass]. w.Yks.4 n.Lin.1 He's
barred takkin' stroa off o' land by th' custom o' th' cuntry.
War.2 Used by boys at play. ' I bar that bank ' would mean ' I
forbid the use of that bank in the game ' ; War.3 A form used in
games. ' I bar that' meant ' I stop that,' as being against the rules
of the game, or unfair. Shr.1 Oh ! 'er's sich a fav'rit, 'e canna
bar 'er anythin' 'er axes fur.
3. To prevent, hinder.
Stf.2 A feyther shouldna ought bar 'is childer from pickin'
their own trade. Shr.1 I'll bar 'im gwl'in theer. w-Som.1 Used
only in the passive voice. Ee wuz u-baa-rd vrum gwai'n, kuz uv
liz wuyy— uur wuz u-teokt bae-ud jis dhoa- [he was prevented
from going, on account of his wife — she was taken ill just then].
4. To deprive, stint.
Stf.2 'Er was ready t'bar 'ersel o' enythin fur sake o' mg.
5. To claim a privilege or possession. See Barley.
Stf. Bar that place. Bar first go, ff. & Q. (1865) 3rd S. vii 229 •
Stf.2 War. B'ham. Wkly. Post (June 10, 1893) ; War.1 Used by
boys at play when they select a particular situation or place ;
War.3 Shr.i Used by children at play. I say, Bill, I bar that bat.
6. To claim exemption from any disagreeable job, to
negative any proposal.
Stf. Bar not to fetch coals. When a boy had first barred any-
thing, his right to possession or exemption was indisputably
established, N. & Q. (1865) 3rd S. vii. 229 ; A boy would say
'He wanted me to do so-and-so, but I barred not,' ib. (1870)
4th S. vi. 517 ; Stf.2 In a game : ' That inner fair, oi bar that.'
7. To ignore a bad hit or faulty start in games.
War.2 Shr.1 A playground term. Oh ! we'll bar that.
[1. A will that bars the title of thy son, SHAKS. K.John,
n. i. 192. 2. To barr, interdicere, ROBERTSON Phras.
(1693)- 3- Ridgy roofs . . . can scarce avail To barr the
ruin of the rattling hail, DRYDEN Virg. Georg. (1697) i.
600. 6. Cp. Fr. barrer, ' annoncer, quand les des sortent
du cornet, qu'on annule le coup ' (LITTRE).]
BAR, v? Nhb. Past tense of to bear.
Nhb.1 He bar up like a man.
BAR, prep. Lan. Stf. Slang. Except.
Lan. I've niverhad no childer o' my own— bar that one I telled
yo' on, FRANCIS Fustian (1895) 270. Stf.2 Ar Dick's gotten sploiced
t th noicest wench as ivver oi sed bar none. Slang. For my
books were all read bar two Verrine orations, GODDARD Brascnose
Ale (1870).
BAR, see Bare, Bargh, Bear.
BARA-PICKLET, sb. Obs. Wai. Cakes made of fine
flour, kneaded with yeast.
[Barapicklet (a local word, fr. the Brit), a kind of cake
made with fine flour, ASH (1795) ; Bara-picklet, bread
made of fine flower, and kneaded up with barm or yest,
which makes it very light and spungy, PHILLIPS (1706) ;
Popelins, soft cakes made of fine flower, kneaded with
milk, sweet butter, and yolks of eggs ; and fashioned and
buttered like our Welch Barrapyclids, COTGR. Wei. bam,
bread + E. pikelet (a kind of cake), q.v.]
BARA RAN, sb. Mon. Dole bread, or bread begged
for the souls of the departed 'on All Souls' Day.
Mon. In many parts of this county the poor of every persuasion
still retain the custom of begging bread for the souls of the de-
parted on All Souls' Day ; the bread is called Bara ran, or Dole
bread, Flk-Lore Jrn. (1883) VI. 378.
[Wei. bam rann, dole bread ; bara, bread + rhann, a por-
tion, part.] _
at
BARB, sb. Dev. [bab.] A peg; a stick hooked
one end and pointed at the other, used for securing the
ends of straw ropes in a ' mow ' or rick, &c. See Nib.
Dev. Aul roun tha wals, pin tap a barbs, Yude zee bags arter
bags uv harbs, NATHAN HOGG Poet. Lett. (1847) 55, ed. 1858.
s.Dev. Barb is used in the same sense as ' nib." It is made from
a forked branch, one limb being much longer than the other and
pointed at the end (R.P.C.).
[This is the same word as ME. barbe, the barb of an
arrow. Arches with arows with atterd barbes, Wars
Alex. 2455.]
BARBARA AND HER BARNS, phr. Yks. A
name given to a formation of clouds in which there is
a thick band across the west with smaller bands above
and below ; a sign of stormy weather.
Yks. (R.H.H.) n.Yks. ' Barbara and her barns,' though not so
common as formerly, is still quite familiar with many (M.C.F.M.);
N. & Q. (1883) 6th S. viii. 446.
[St. Barbara's father was about to strike off her head,
when a lightning-flash laid him dead at her feet. Hence
St. Barbara was invoked in thunderstorms, YONGE Christ.
Names, I. 260.]
BARBER, v. Yks. Lin. Brks. Ess. [ba'ba(r).] To
shave.
w.Yks.5 Bown to barber mysen. Am barn to get barber'd a bit.
As he wur barbering on muh he let t'raazor tummle ! [as he was
shaving me he let the razor fall]. n-Lin.1 I alus barber mysen o'
Setterda' neet ready for Sunda'. No real Christian iver barber'd
hissen o' a Sunda', thoo knaws that, thoo reprobaate. About forty
years ago, Thomas Carr, a poor man, living at Kirton-in-Lindsey,
called on the Rev. Robert Ousby, the curate, and said—' Sir, I've
heard a straange, bad taale, aboot you. I knaw it isn't trew, but
I want to hear you contradict it fra yer awn mooth. A man tohd
me last neet 'at you alus barber'd yersen on a Sunda' mornin'.' The
clergyman had to admit the charge was true, and poor Tommy
Carr went away exceedingly sorrowful. Brks.1 1 be a-gwaayn to
be barbered.
Hence (i) Barberer, sb. a barber ; (2) Barberlie, adv.
like a barber ; (3) Barber's sign, sb. a standing pole and
two wash-balls.
(i) n-Lln.1 (2) Ess. That barberlie handled I dare thee assure,
Cast dust in his arse, thou hast finisht thy cure, TUSSER Husbandrie
(1580) in, st. 4. (3) [The pole has generally two spiral lines, red
and white, representing the fillet to bind the arm when a person
is bled ; barbers having formerly been surgeons, HOLLOWAY.]
BARBER-EEL, sb. Sc. Nhb. The viviparous blenny,
Zoarces vivipants.
Bwk. JOHNSTON Fishes in Trans. Bwk. Natur. Field Club ,1885)
I. 171. Nhb.1
BARBER'S BRUSHES, phr. Ess. Wil.1 The wild
teasel, Dipsacus sylvestris.
BARBINE, see Bearbine.
BARBULYIE, v. and sb. Obsol. Sc. Also written
barbulzie (JAM.).
1. v. To confuse, trouble.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Per. A rare word, almost
unknown (G.W.) ; QAM.)
2. sb. Perplexity, quandary.
Rxb. I — stude — swutheryng what it avysit me neiste to doo in
thilke barbulye, HOGG Winter Ev. Tales (1820) II. 41 (JAM.).
[Every thing apperit twae to my barbulzeit brain,
MONTGOMERY Cherrie &» Slae (c. 1572) in Ramsay's Ever-
BARCLE
[161]
BARE
green (ed. 1876) II. 109. Fr. barbouiller, to jumble, con-
found, huddle (CoxGR.).]
BARCLE, see Barkle.
BARCOM, see Bargham.
BARD, sb.1 Sh.I. A bold headland, the top of which
projects beyond its base.
Sh.I. The projecting headlands of the island of Mousa, and of
Bressay, are called the Bard of Mousa, and the Bard of Bressay
(JAM. Suppl.). S. & Ork.1 The Bard of Bressay, a long, projecting
headland.
[ON. bar$, the verge, edge of a hill ; Norw. dial, rim,
edge (AASEN) ; cogn. w. OE. bord, border, rim, side.]
BARD.sA.2 Sc. [bard.] A bold, turbulent woman; a scold.
Sc. Common in S. & Ork. and throughout the greater part of
the Lowlands (JAM. Suppl.). S. & Ork.1
[Perh. the same as bard (a poet) ; see Bardach.]
BARD ACH, adj. Sc. Also written bardoch. [be'rdax-]
Stout, fearless. See Bardy.
Sc. And bald and bardach the gude-wife, Sae derf couth wield
her gude brown spear, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads (1806) II. 176;
Tho' ye're bardoch and bauld, DONALD Poems (1867) 5. Abd. And
tho' she was right bardach on day-light She was as fly'd as
ony hare at night, Ross Helenore (1768) 62, ed. 1812 ; Tells on her
tale, Right bauld and bardach, ib. 89. Kcd. Ane was a sturdy
bardoch chiel, BURNESS Thrumnty Cap (c. 17961 1. 9. Per. Not
a common word, but fairly well known (G.W.).
[A der. of Sc. bard (baird), in the sense of a strolling
musician or minstrel, a word often connoting insolence and
boldness, and appearing in Sc. Acts of Parl. in close con-
nexion w. vagabonds, masterful beggars, fools, ' sorners,'
and other idle people ; see N.E.D.]
BARDAGH, sb. Irel. A creel or pannier with a falling
bottom, carried by a donkey.
N.I.1 s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890).
BAR-DRAKE, sb. Irel.
1. The red-breasted merganser, Mergus serrator.
N.I.1 Dwn. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 164.
2. The common sheldrake, Tadorna cornuta ; see Bar-
goose.
Ir. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 153. [The bar-drake or bar-duck
prefers flatshores, sandy bars, and links, where it breeds, and in
holes in the soft soil, and has obtained the name of Burrow-duck
and Bar Gander, YARRELL Birds (1845) III. 236.]
BARDY, adj. Sc. Also written bardie (JAM. Suppl.).
[beTdi.]
1. Bold, fierce, turbulent. See Bardach.
Sc. (JAM. Suppl.)
Hence Bardily, adv. boldly, with intrepidity.
Sc. They hardily, and hardily, Fac'd home or foreign foe,
Galloway Poems (1788) 64 (JAM.).
2. Forward, pert, shameless, insolent.
Rnf. No-a neuk i' the house But what thou, bardie mouse
Maun examine, YOUNG Pictures (1865) 56. Ayr. Wasting baith
at heck and manger wi bardie leddies and whirligig fool-fellows
at yon gait, GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822) xvii ; Mrs. Fenton . . . that
gave her heart and countenance to be bardy, even to the bailies, ib.
Provost (1822) xxvii. Gall. A bardy loon, a bold or brazenfaced
woman (A.W.).
Hence (i) Bardish, adj. rude, insolent in language ;
(2) Bardily, adv. pertly ; (3) Bardiness, sb. forwardness,
pertness, esp. as shown in conversation.
(i) Sc. The rest of that day . . . was misspent with the altercation
of that bardish young man Mr. D. Dogleish and the young con-
stable of Dundee, BAILIE Lett. (1775") I. 311 (JAM.1). (2, 3) (JAM.).
BARE, adj. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Stf. Not. Lin.
Nhp. War. Won Som. Dev. Cor. Written bair- (JAM.).
1. In comp. (i) Bare-back, a species of fluke; (2)
•backs, (a) turnips with the tops cut off; (b) sheep after
being shorn ; (3) -barley, a species of barley usually
called French barley; (4) -board, penniless, at a card-
table ; (5) -bolsht, unfledged ; (6) -bub, an unfledged
bird ; (7) -buck, a six-year-old buck ; (8) -cart, a cart
or wagon in which the wheels are not protected by iron
hoops or tires ; (9) -fallow, land left fallow for the whole
of one year ; (10) -gollin, -gollock, -golly, a newly hatched
featherless bird; (n) -gorp, an unfledged bird; (12)
•man, a bankrupt, who gives up all his goods to his
VOL. i.
creditors; (13) -mead, stript ; (14) -muck, the refuse
thrown from the stone upon which the bone handles of
knives are ground ; (15) -powed, bareheaded ; (16) -ridged,
without a saddle, bare-backed ; (17) -snaked, naked ; (18)
•vamped, standing in one's stockings, without shoes ; (19)
•wagon, see -cart.
(i) Bnff.1 (2) (a, Nhb.l (6) Wm.1 (3) Stf. Bare-barley, naked
barley, whose ear is shaped like barley, but its grain like wheat
without any husk (K.) ; Stf.1 (4) Cum. (M. P.) (5) s.Not. Don't
tek it yit, lads; it's a bare-bolsht un (J.P.K.). (6) w.Yks.5
Not.3 n.Lin.1 The names boys give to young birds are bare-bubs,
pen-feather'd uns, flig'd uns, and flig'd flyers. (7) Nhp. (G.F.N.) ;
Nhp.1 (8) nXin.1 Obsol. Before the great enclosures of the last
century almost all the highways were unstoned, and carts and
wagons frequently had not their wheels protected by iron. One
shodd wayne and one bare wayne liij, Invent, of John Nevill, of
Faldingworth (1590) MS. The wheels of bathing machines in
Britain and elsewhere are, at the present day, sometimes left
unshod where the surface they have to traverse is not of shingle
but of sand. (9) War.3 Land that lies fallow for a part of the year,
and on which a root crop is grown in the latter part of the year, is
a fallow, but land that lies fallow throughout the whole of the year
is a bare-fallow. (10) e.Yks.1 (n) Cum.1 (12) Sc. ? Obs. (JAM.)
(13) Wm. SiCum.1 Upon his reddy bare-mead back, 177. (14) w.Yks.
The word was in common use in Sheffield among cutlers, but some-
what olis. at present, as very few bone handles are now ground
upon stone. However ' bare-muck ' is well understood here
(G.B.W.) ; w.Yks.2 (15) Sc. The leddies bare-powed were, baith
auld and young, ALLAN Lilts (1874) 155. (16) w.Som.1 Thee't
never be able to ride vitty, avore canst stick on bare-ridged. Dev.
This task . . . was not only no toil to him, but a real labour of love
— one he would have ridden ' bare ridge ' to perform, DA VIES
Memoir of Russell (1878) viii. nw.Dev.1 Cor. Zenobia Baraguan-
nith at the age of ninety-nine rode bare-ridged on a young beast
(a colt), to the court, Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 422; GROSE (1790)
MS. add. (C.) ; Cor.1 He rides bare-ridged ; Cor.2 (17) w.Yks.
See thee, he's bare-snaked! (S.O.A.) (18) Cor. A common ex-
pression (M.A.C.) ; Cor.3 (19) n-Lin.1
2. In phr. (i) bare as a bo'efs fail, as bare as a bird's tail ;
(2) to ride bareback, to ride without a saddle.
(i) n.Lin.1 Said of a person who has lost everything which he
possessed. (2) n.Yks. (I.W.) n.Lin.1
3. Simple, plain, unadorned.
Lth. Water his drink, his claithing bare, BRUCE Poems (1813)
55. w.Som.1 Au-nkaunvun bae'ur kunsaa'rn [uncommonly bare
concern, said of a shabby performance at a travelling circus].
n.Dev. Vor es olweys thort her to ha be bare buckle and thongs,
Exm. Crtshp. (1746) 1. 546.
4. Mere, only just.
n.Sc. More commonly applied to things than to persons. She
gyah [gave] the bokie a bare saxpins for cairryin the creel. He
jist got a bare shillin an nae ae baubee mehr for a' it he did
(W.G.). Ayr. She carried her scorn o' me sae far as to prefer
a bare farmer lad like John Lounlans, GALT Lairds (1826) vii.
w.Yks. It's bare weight (./E.B.).
5. Thin, lean, poor, in bad condition.
Abd. He did what, had he been keepit bare, He ne'er mith
done, SHIRREF Poems (1790) 9. Kcd. I wad be content In barer
hame than noo, GRANT Lays ( 1884) 179. e.Yks. Come that is sowne
on land that is in hearte will allwayes bee sooner ripe then that which
is sowne on bare lande, BEST Econ. (1641) 53. s.Wor. (H.K.)
w.Som.1 Applied to "animals — bare-boned. Dhai bee'us bee
tuur-bl bae-ur [those beasts are very thin],
6. Audacious ; also mean, base.
Yks. To go and say that — a bare hussy (C.C.R.); It's a bare
piece o' business (B.K.). n.Yks.2 A bare un, a base fellow.
[1. (4) Reduit an tapis (at play), left a bareboord, whose
money is all lost, COTGR. ; (12) Bairman, a poor insolvent
debtor, left bare and naked, who was obliged to swear in
court, that he was not worth more than five shillings and
five pence, BAILEY (1721) ; To hund out bair men and
vagaboundis, Actsjas. VI (1581), ed. 1814, 217 (JAM.).]
BARE, v. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lin. Shr.
1. To remove the surface soil in a stone quarry in order
to get at the stone.
Bwk. In the month of Feb. 1883, while the workmen were baring
the top of the rock at a quarry at Amble, they came upon a cist,
THOMPSON Trans. Natur. Field Club (1882-1884) X. 523. Nhb. In
constant use (R.O.H.). w.Yks. (S.P.U.)
Y
BAREE
[162]
BARGAIN
Hence (i) Barer, sb. a workman who removes the
surface soil in a stone quarry ; (2) Baring, vbl. sb. (a) the
surface soil in a stone quarry ; (b) the process of removing
the surface soil.
(i) w.Yks. (S.K.C.) (2~, (a) Nhb.1 n.Yks. There's a good deal
of baring on t'quarry (I.W.). w.Yks.2 (A) n-Lin.1, Shr.1
2. To undercut the coal in order to ' win ' or get at it.
w.Yks. (S.J.C.); (D.T.)
Hence Barings, vbl. sb. the small coal made in the pro-
cess of undermining the coal. Cf. Kirving.
w.Yks. (S.J.C.)
BAREE, sb. Irel. A goal.
Wxf.1 Yerstey w' had a baree, gist ing oor hoane [yesterday we
had a goal, just in our hand], 84. Tommeen was lous, an zo was
ee baree, 88.
BAREES, sb. pi. Wxf.1 Small sticks placed in a kiln
for drying oats.
BAREFOOT, adj. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf. Der. War. Shr. Also written barefit (JAM.) ; barfet
Cum.1 Wm. ne.Lan.1 ; barfit Nhb.1 ; barfoot Cum. Wm.1
w.Yks.1 Lan.1 Stf.1 ; barfut n.Lan.1 e.Lan.1 m.Lan.1 Chs.1
nw.Der^Shr.12
1. Having bare feet, without shoes and stockings. Also
used as adv.
Sc. (JAM.) ; He maun haebeen baar-fitt, makin' sae little sound,
ROY Horseman (1895) xiii. Ayr. The lassies, skelpin barefit,
thrang, In silks an' scarlets glitter, BURNS Holy Fair 1785) st. 7.
Lth. A barefit birkie fond o' play, I ca'd my girr frae break o'
day, SMITH Merry Bridal (1866'] 34. e.Lth. It's nae mair to see
a wumman greet nor to see a guse gae barefit, HUNTER J. Inwick
(1895) 201 Nhb.1 Cum. To gang barfut and bareleggt, without
shoes and stockings (M.P.) ; Them two gaan wi' their barfet feet,
GII.PIN Ballads 1874) 168 ; Cum.1 Wm. If thu didn't send him
a new paar o' shoos straight off, he'd gay seean be gane barfet,
Spec. Dial. (1880*1 pt. ii. 42 ; Wm.1 Is ta gangen barfoot? w.Yks.1
Lan. Wick folk cawn't abide to go barfoot an' empty, CLEGG
David's Loom (1894; ii ; Lan.1 'Aye, aye, Sam," said Jone,
' barfoot folk shouldn't walk upo' prickles,' WAUGH Chimn. Corner
(1874). n.Lan.1 ne.Lan.1 Barfet an' barlegg'd. e.Lan.1 m.Lan.1
Bein' beawt shoon an' stockin's is bein' barfut. Chs.1, Stf.1,
nw.Der.1, War. (J.R.W. , Shr.12
2. Comp. (i) Barefoot-broth, broth made with butter
and vegetables, without any meat ; (2) -clogs, clogs with-
out irons ; (3) -custard, a custard not enclosed in a crust ;
(4) -feet, bare feet ; (5) -head, a baldheaded man ; (6)
•kail, see -broth.
(i) Abd. The more economical way of using bear or barley is
when it is ground in a barley mill, and boiled as pot barley with
a little butter and a few vegetables, in which case it is provincially
called barefoot broth, Agric. Surv. 518 (JAM.X (2} Lan.1 ; 3) Shrl1
? Obsol. We'n mak a dish o' bar-fut custart 6oth that bystin for the
men's supper ; it'll be a trate for 'em. Cf. Bystin Custard. (4^
Lan.1 Stf.2 To ' go with one's barfut feet on ' is to walk barefooted.
(5) Lan. What has yon owd barfoot-yed bin sayin' abeawt me ?
BRIERLEY Marlocks (1867) i. (6) Abd. I was musin in my mind,
On hair-mould bannocks fed an' barefoot kail, TAYLOR Poems
('787) 3 (JAM.1.
BARENHOND, vbl. phr. Obs. Som. To maintain, to
assure, to lead one to believe. See Bear in hand.
Som. Mister Boord banehond ta I jist now that tha war gwine
ta wimmy [winnow], JENNINGS Obs. Dial. ui.Eng. (1825) 180;
To barenhond, to banehond, to intimate. In very common use
in the w. of Eng., ib. 23.
[Your daughter, whom she bore in hand to love With
such integrity, she did confess Was as a scorpion to her
sight, SHAKS. Cymb. v. v. 43 ; I beare in hande, I threp
upon a man that he hath done a dede or make hym
byleve so, je fais accroyre, PALSGR. ; I bar him on honde
he hadde enchanted me, CHAUCER C. T. D. 575.]
BARF, see Bargh.
BARF AN, BARFIN, BARFON, see Bargham.
BARGAIN, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Crn. Lin. Lei.
Nhp. War. Nrf. Suf. Ess. Ken. Hmp. I.W. Wil. Dor. Cor.
Also written bahgans e.Yks.1 ; bargan Hmp.1 I.W.2;
bargane Sc. ; bargen Dor.1 ; bargun I.W.1 [be'rgan,
bea'gan, ba'gan.]
I. 1. A contract, agreement.
Ant. A bargain's a bargain niver tae rue Till I be black and you
be blue, Ballymena Obs. (1892). Ess. Prouide against Mihelmas,
bargaine to make, For ferme to giue ouer, to keepe or to take,
TUSSER Husbandrie (1580) 34, st. 3.
2. A contract for certain work in a mine, claywork, &c.
Cor.2 [Gl. Lab. (1894).]
3. A piece ot work let amongst the workmen in a colliery,
at a certain price.
Nhb.1 In lead mining, ' Miners .generally take a certain length of
ground, in which they propose to raise ore, for a fixed time, at so
much per bing, according to the richness, quality, or hardness of
the mine. These bargains are taken in partnerships, consisting of
from two to eight men,' MACKENZIE Hist. Nhb. (1825) I. 100.
[Quarrymen work on a portion of rock 9 yards wide, with the
height of the galleiy varying from 50 to 60 feet ; this is called
their bargain, and is re-let to them every month at a certain price,
Gl. Lab. (1894).]
4. Comp. (i) Bargain-letter, the person who lets the
bargains or contracts to the quarrymen ; (2) -man, one
who works by the bargain at special work, such as coal
or stone drifting; (3) -pence, earnest money given on
striking a bargain ; (4) Saturday, see below ; (5) -tacker,
the foreman, who undertakes the work in a section of
a lead mine ; (6) -taker, one who performs bargain-work
in a mine ; (7) -work, (a) work let by tender among the
workmen in a colliery ; (b) work done by the piece.
(i) Crn. In the Dinorwic quarries the bargain-letter is the person
who lets the various bargains or contracts each month to the
quarrymen, rockmen, and others who work by the piece. He has
also to generally supervise the quarries, Gl. Lab. (1894). (a) Nhb.1
(3") Ken.1 (4) s.Sc. The lead mines were divided into sections,
and each section was wrought by a foreman and a number of men
in proportion to the size of the section. This foreman was called
the bargain-lacker (W.G.). (5) I.W.2 There were three of these,
'Vust, Middle, and last Bargan Zadderday,' being the three
Saturdays immediately before Old Michaelmas Day, Oct. n ; they
were the fixed times for hiring yearly farm servants. [(6) Gl. Lab.
(1894).] (7) (a) Nhb., Dur. GREENWELL Coal. Tr. Gl. (1849).
[Work such as stone or coal drifting, rolley-way making, Sec., when
let by tender to workmen in the colliery, is called bargain-work, Gl.
Lab. (18941.] (b} Lei.1, Nhp.1 War.3 I have only heard bargain-
work in rural War. It is known as piece-work in Birmingham.
B. In pi. Value, consequence, importance. Cf. abargains.
e.Yks.1 He's deead and gone ; let him gang, there was neea
great bahgans on him [he was of little or no use in the world,
so he is well out of it]. Lin.1 It's no bargains.
6. A take in, a ' sell.'
Ir. Thrath, Sir, you have the crathur at what we call in Ireland
a bargain, CARLETON Traits P^os. (1843) I. 421 ; Common all over
Irel. Heard very often in reference to those who have made an
unfortunate marriage : ' Well, he has a bargain in her anyhow,' or
she in him, as the case may be (J.S.). Ant. (S.A.B.) s.Ir. A
horse a man buys turns out vicious : a girl a fellow marries turns
out a ' sthreel ' : ' Oh, you've got a bargain !' ' Oh, you've got your
tenth bargain ' was once said to a man whose wife was just
delivered of her tenth daughter (P.W.J.).
7. In phr. (i) a dear bargain, see below ; (2) bargain o'
foolery, stuff and nonsense, or a stupid and empty thing.
(i ) Ant. A drunken husband or mismanaging wife would be
called by the neighbours a dear bargain. Dear knows, he was a
dear bargain, Ballymena Obs. (1892) ; If a man got some sort of
present that was expensive to keep up — a sort of 'white elephant '
— it would be said ' He has got a dear bargain.' The phr. is in very
gen. local use (W.J.K.). (2) Suf. e.An. Dy. Times (1892).
II. 1. An indefinite number or quantity of anything.
e.An.1 Two good tidy bargains of hay from an acre. A poor
bargain of wool from three score hoggets. Nrf. I have a good
bargain of corn this -year — or a good bargain of lambs, GROSE
(1790) ; Nrf.1 A sad bargain of lazy chaps. Suf. A small bargain.
A good tidy bargain, e.An. Dy. Times (1892) ; CULLUM Hist.
Hawsted (1813) ; Suf.1
2. A load, esp. a wagon load.
Nrf. Fetch a bargain o' hay (E.M.) ; One hoss bargain (G.E.D.) ;
Nrf.1 Snf. A cart bargain, e.An. Dy. Times (1892) ; Suf.1 I'd three
bargains off 'a that there small filld. Also called a ' jag,' q. v.
3. A small farm or property.
Nhp.1 That piece of land, or close, is my neighbour's bargain.
s.Hmp. HOLLOWAY. Hmp.1 I.W. From a neighbour's small
BARGE
[163]
BARGHAM
alv
:
bargain, a plot of few lugs He cultures as garden, MONCRIEFF
Dream in Gent. Mag. (1863) 1. 21 ; I.W.1 ; I.W.2 He got a small
bargain in Niton parish. n.Wil. Bargains of land are mentioned
in the terrier of Hilmarton parish 'E.H.G.). Wil.1 They have
always been connected with that little bargain of land. Dor.1
4. A yard, an enclosed piece of ground.
Hmp.1 A rick bargan [a rickyard].
III. Contention, controversy.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) n.Sc. (JAM.1) Bnff. Still in use,
at least among older people (W.G.). Abd. Thus at their bargane
we the lad maun leave Till of the squire some short account we
give, Ross Hflenore (1768) 102, ed. 1812 ; Sair bargain made the
herds to turn again, But what needs mair? ib. 109.
Hence Bargain, v. to contend, fight.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) n.Sc. The lass . . . bargains
teugh and sair That Lindy there sud by his promise bide, Ross
Helenore (1768) no, ed. 1812 (JAM.). Bnff. Still in use (W.G.).
[III. Soche bargens are bytter J>at hafe a bare end,
Dest. Troy (c. i^oo) 2502 ; He helpit hym swa in that bar-
gane That thai thre tratouris he has slane, BARBOUR
Bruce (1375) VH. 221.]
BARGE, sb.1 Irel. A scolding woman.
N.I.1, s.ir. (P.W.J.)
[The same as Barge, v.1]
BARGE, sb.2 and adj. Chs. Shr. Dev. Also written
baarge Dev.3
1. sb. ? Obs. A great fat hog.
n.Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) Dev.3 In the early part 01
the century in gen. use on Exmoor, particularly at Parracombe
and its neighbourhood.
2. A fat,, heavy person ; anything large.
s.Chs.1 Oo zupraafi baa'rj uvuwunrun [hoo's apratty barge of
a woman]. Shr.1 A great barge of a thing. Dev. Philolog. Soc.
Trans. (1858) 147; GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) n.Dev. Lick a
gurt baarge as tha art, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 226 ; Ya blowmonger
baarge, ib. 1. 122.
3. adj. Large, protuberant.
Shr.1 Obsol. A great barge-bellied thing.
4. Comp. (i) Barge-board, ornamental boards which
skirt the edge of the roof and follow the outlines of
a gable; (2) -hook, an iron hook used in thatching, to
fasten the straw to the woodwork of the gable ; (3) -knife,
the knife used in trimming off the straw round the eaves
of the gable ; (4) -rafter, the rafter outside the wall ; (5)
•wads, see below.
(i) Sc. (A.W.) sw.Sur. The gable-ends of roofs were always
finished with barge-boards, N EVILL Cottages (1889) 34. [Sometimes
a fascia — ornamental or otherwise — is fixed to the spars or rafters,
called barge-board (S. W.).] (a, 3-, n.Wil. (E.H.G.% Wil.1 (4) Dev.
A mason, aged about 50, was heard to say, ' Us shall foace vor ha'
a new bairge-refter avore us kin putt the roof to rights,' Reports
Provinc. (1895). (5) Dev. The word ' bairge ' \sgen. applied to the
wads or bundles called bairge-wads, to which the thatch of a house
or stack is secured at the gables by spears [spars] or otherwise, ib.
BARGE, sb.3 Irel. The Godwit, Limosa lapponica.
n.Ir. (S.A.B.) ; N.I.1
BARGE, sb* Sc. Sur. Wil. Dev. Also written bairge
Dev. The outer edge of a gable : gen. used in comp.
n.WiL (E.H.G.), Wil.1 Dev. Bring the thatch well down over
the bairge, Reports Provinc . (1895) ; (R.P.C.1)
BARGE, v> Irel. Yks. Lan. Chs. Not. [badg, beadg.]
1. To scold, abuse, ' slang.' See Bairge.
N.I.1 s.Wxf. An' the girl kep bargein' an' bangin' him with the
beesom, Fenian Nights in Shamrock Mag. (Feb. 10, 1894), 314
col. 2. w.Yks. He barged him soa, 'at Jack turned rahnd an' pawsed
[kicked] him (W.B.T.). Lan. ' I wunnot say whether I am or not,'
cried Jim angrily, ' but I'll say as I wunnot be barged at,' FRANCIS
Fustian (1895) 169.
Hence Barging, vbl. sb. scolding in an abusive manner,
' slanging.'
Ir. So from that they got to bullyraggin' and bargin' one another
outrageous, BARLOW Idylls (1892") 175. w.Yks. Nah. then !
stop thi barging! (W.B.T.). Lan. Yo'n bin agate bargin for nigh
a quarterof an hour, Longman's Mag, (1896) I. 254. Chs.13
2. To boast, to brag.
Not.1 In common use.
BARGE, v? Wil. [badg.] To cut brushwood oft" a
hedge-bank and ditch.
Wil.1 Before a hedge can be ' laid,' all its side, as well as the
rough thorns, brambles, &c., growing in the ditch, must be cut
off. This is called ' barging out ' the ditch.
Hence Bargin, vbl. sb. the overgrowth of a hedge,
trimmed off before the hedge can be ' laid.'
Wil.1
BARGE-DAY, sb. Nhb. Ascension Day, so called
from the barge procession formerly held on that day.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. Dcnham Tracts ed. 1892) 1. 306 ; Nhb.1 Ascension-
Day, on which the Mayor and Corporation of Newcastle, with the
Master and Elder Brethren of the Trinity House, in their respective
state barges, rowed over the tidal limits of the river Tyne from
the Spar Hawk to Hedwin Streams, within which the Corporation
of Newcastle claimed right to the soil of the river. As an annual
custom this has been abandoned, but is now carried out at longer
intervals with little of the ancient pomp and pageantry which
formerly characterised it. O would the Tyne but cease to flow.
Or, like a small burn, bubble, There would not be a barge-day now,
GILCHRIST Bards of the Tyne (1835^ 398.
BARGEMAN'S CABBAGE, sb. Bck. Brassica cam-
pestris.
Bck. So called on the banks of the Thames.
BARGH, sb. n.Cy. Cum. Yks. Der. Lin. Also in the
forms bar Der.12 nw.Der.1 ; barf n.Yks.2 e.Yks.1 m.Yks.1
w.Yks.1 Lin.1 ; barugh n.Yks.1 ne.Yks.1 ; batirgh Cum.1
n.Yks.1 ; bearg (K.) ; berg N.Cy.1 w.Yks.1 [baf.]
1. A long low ridge or hill, gen. isolated.
N.Cy.1, Cum.1 Yks. If Brayton bargh, and Hambleton hough,
and Burton bream Were all in thy belly 'twould never be team.
Brayton Bargh is a small hill in a plain country covered with wood.
Bargh, in the Northern dialect, is properly a horse-way up a steep
hill ; though here it be taken for the hill itself, RAY Prov. (1678)
339. n.Yks.123, ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. Buckland . . . mentions how the
distinct and lofty ridges of gravel mentioned by him also exist in
Holderness in Yks. There they are locally known as barfs, and
are composed chiefly of rolled chalk flints, and a few primitive
pebbles, HOWORTH Glacial Nightmare (1893) I. 81 ; e.Yks.1 A
frequent affix to the names of villages and farmsteads, as Brans-
botton [Brandesburton] Barf. m.Yks.1, w.Yks.1 Lin. N. & Q.
(1871) 4th S. vii. 379 ; Barf is a term in common use in our Lines,
topography, e.g. Beelsby Barf, Ton Barf, Howsham Barf, STREAT-
FEILD Lin. and Danes (1884" 175; Lin.1
2. A horseway up a steep hill.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.2, Cum.1 Yks. BAILEY (1721) ; (K.) ;
RAY Prov. (1678) 339 ; COLES Eng. Diet. (1677) ; (P.R.) ; Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Feb. 9, 1884) 8. Der. GROSE (1790) MS. add.;
Der.1 In the Peak of Der. all those steep and precipitous roads
which run down from the cliffs to the valleys, where the villages
are generally plac'd, they call Bars, whence Bakewell Bar, Beely
Bar, Baslow Bar, Rowsley Bar, &c. In Der. when they say ' I
went up the Bar,' or down it, 'tis the same as saying ' I went up
[or down] the hill,' and indeed there is no other way of ascending
these kinds of hills but by the way or road. Bawcross at Bakewell
is a corruption for Bar-cross, crosses being usually set upon these
hills, especially if the bounds of a parish happen to fall there ;
Der.2, nw.Der.1
[OE. beorh (mount, hill), the same as barrow (a mound),
q.v.]
BARGHAM, sb. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan
Also in the forms bahfam n.Yks. ; bahfin e.Yks. e.Yks.1
bar com w.Yks. w.Yks.3 ; barfam n.Yks.13 ne.Yks.1 ; bar
fan n.Yks.12 e.Yks.; barfham Nhb.1; barfing e.Yks.
barfon n.Yks. ; barfum Cum. ; bariham Lan.1 n.Lan.1
barkham N.Cy.1 Wm.1 w.Yks.1; barkhaam Nhb.1
barkum m.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 Lan^ne.Lan.1; barriam n.Lan.
barrum Wm.1 ; barryham Cum. ; barsham n.Cy. ; barson
Yks.; bar-wham Nhb. (K.) ; baurghham Yks. ; baurgh-
wan n.Cy. n.Yks. ; braffam N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Dur.1 Cum.1 ;
braichum Bnff.1 ; brakum Sc. ; brauchin Cum. ; brau-
gham N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Wm. & Cum.1; brecham Sc. Nhb.
Dur. ; brechom (JAM.) ; briham, brime, Nhb.1 [ba'fam,
ba'ksm.]
1. A horse-collar. See also Bumble-bargham.
cham again,' SCOTT Old Mortality (1816) xvii ; Ye have setyoursell
down on the very brecham that wants stitching, ib. Midlothian
(iSiK) v; N. & Q. (1854) ist S. x. 293 ; The brechams see Fast
bound they be, DRUMMOND Muckomachy (1846) 9. Bnff.1 A horse-
Y 2
BARGHEST
[164]
BARISH
collar, woven of straw. Abd., Kcd. ALEXANDER Notes and Sketches
(1877) 36. Ayr. Wi' ... a braw new brechan, My Pegasus I'm
got astride, BURNS Willie Chalmers. Lth. MORTON Cyclo. Agric.
(1863). Bwk. Monthly Mag. ( 1814) I. 31. n.Cy. GROSE (1790); The
collar, barring, or preventing the names from touching the horse's
shoulders, HOLLOWAY ; N.Cy.1 Nhb. (K.) ; Nhb.1 Paide for a grete
bregham to the carte heede, ss. 6d., Newcastle Munic. Ace. (Mar.
1592). As country lads be a' arrayed Wi' branks and brechan) on
each mare, SCOTT Minstrelsy (1802) Jock o' the Syde. Dur. (K.":,
Dur.1 Cum. Kit gat a braugham in his han', STAGG Misc. Poems
(1805) 14 ; A rig-reape, braugham, pair o' heams, GILPIN Pop.
Poetry (1875) 106; (H.W.) ; Lait up strea brafFms, reapp traces
enue, DICKINSON Cumbr. (1876) 218 ; GROSE (1790); A horse-collar
formed by stuffing straw into an old stocking, GI, (1851) ; Cum.1
Wm. (E.G.) Yks. The collars of straw or rushes put round the
necks of drawing horses to defend them from the hames or pieces
of wood to wch the traces are fastned (K.) ; MORTON Cyclo. Agric.
(1863) ; Some swellings, such as have been caused by bad barfens
on the shoulders, KNOWLSON Cattle Doctor (1834) 246; GROSE
(1790) MS. add. (P.) n.Yks. The neck collar of a horse to
which the heeams are attached for enabling the animal to pull, &c.
(W.H.) ; (H.M.) ; Neither traces, hames, nor baurghwans, MERI-
TON Praise Ale (1684) L 93 ; n-Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 A horse's leathern
collar ; n.Yks.3 e.Yks. What's matther, Bill ?— Matther ! Whah,
yon dizzy-heeaded feeal's teean mah dikin-beeats, an cutten tops
up ti mend bahfin wiv, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 93; MAR-
SHALL Rur. Econ. (1788) ; e.Yks.1, ne.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks.
(S.P.U.); HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781); w.Yks.1 They welted
t'cart ower yusterday, an brak'th barkum, ii. 286. Lan.1 n.Lan.
Dhat bariam wants stufin' afresh (W.S.) ; nXan.1 The hames are
the two crooked pieces of wood round a horse-collar. The stuff-
ing of hay within was called the hamberwe. Thus bariham means
lit. the stuffing protecting the hames. ne.Lan.1 I.Ma. In the interior
of the island these collars made of straw may still be seen (W.H.H.).
2. A flat piece of leather, attached to the top of a horse-
collar.
w.Yks.(S.K.C.) ; Yksman. Comic Ann. (1879)33 ; Apieceof leather
on the top of a horse-collar, of little use, but sometimes turned
down to let off the rain, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Aug. t, 1891) ; w.Yks.3
3. Any untidy, clumsy piece of dress, butesp. anything
wrapped round the neck.
Bnff.1 He's aye unco ill-dereyt; an' for's neck, he hiz eye a great
braichum o' a neckpin thrummt aboot it. Abd. In use, but not
often heard (W.M.).
4. The old-fashioned arrangement of the trouser-band
and front.
Nhb.1 Briham, or Birgham-flap.
[Bargham, Barwam, epiphium, Cath. Angl. (1483) ; Hec
epicia, a berhom, Voc. (c. 1450) in Wright's Voc. 811. OE.
oeorg- (fr. beorgan, to protect) + ham (horn), a covering ;
see Hames.]
BARGHEST, sb. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Der. Not. Lin. Also written bargest Wm.1 e.Yks.1
n.Lin.1; barghast w.Yks.24 Der.2 nw.Der.1 ; barghaist
Nhb. n.Yks.3 e.Yks.1 ; bargheist Cum. Wm. Lan. ; bar-
gast, bargust Not. ; bargas, barghist w.Yks.; bah-geeast
e.Yks. ; bargiss m.Yks.1 ; bargus Not.3 ; bargeist Lan. ;
boh-ghost n.Yks.2 [ba'rgast, ba-gsst.]
1. A ghost, wraith, or hobgoblin.
n.Cy. A frightful goblin armed with teeth and claws. ... It was
gen. believed that the faculty of seeing this goblin was peculiar to
certain individuals, but that the gift could be imparted to another
at the time of the ghost's appearance by the mere action of touch-
ing (HALL.) ; N.Cy.1 A local spirit, haunting populous places, and
howling at midnight before any dire calamity. Nhb. He needed
not to care for ghaist or barghaist, devil or dobbie, SCOTT Rob Roy
(1817) xiv. Nhb.1 The brag and the bar-ghaist are local ' boggles.'
Dur. To. roar like a barguest (prov. expression), HENDERSON Flit-Lore
(1879) vii. Cum. A boggle that haunts burial places (M.P.). Wm.
A barguest is a spirit known only through the sense of hearing,
being a something which, during the dark hours of night, disturbed
the last generations with its awful howling, WHITEHEAD Leg.
(l859) 75. ed. 1896; We sa nowt i't rooad, nea boggles, ner
bargest, ner nowt a that mack, CLARKE Spec. Dial. (1865) 7 ;
He had been afraid of meeting a barguest in his boyish days,
SOUTHEY Doctor (1848) ccxiv; Wm.i Eh, George, a seen a
bargest— it hed eyes es big es saucers an a teeal es lang es three
or foor cart-reeaps. Yks. A ghost, commonly appearing near gates
or stiles, GROSE (1790) ; Of this sort are ... the daemon of Tid-
worth, the black dog of Winchester, and the bar-guest of York,
BRAND Pop. Antiq. (1848) III. 83 ; (K.) n.Yks.1 We hear of bar-
guests in the form of a mastiff, a pig, a large donkey, a calf, &c. ;
n.Yks.2 The barguest is a harbinger of death to those who happen
to hear its shrieks in the night ; for they are not audible except
to people ' whose times have nearly come.' So and so will die
soon, 'for last night he heard the barguest' ; n.Yks.3 ne.Yks.1
e.Yks. A hobgoblin terrible in aspect, and loaded with chains of
tremendous rattle, MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788) ; He skoothered
alang hedge sahd like a patthridge fo' fear White Lady sud
cum wivoot her heead ; or bahgeist, wiv ees as big as teeah
saucers, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889)33 ; e.Yks.1 m.Yks.1 w.Yks.
A spirit or demon attached to a town or village, WILLAN List IVds.
(1811) ; Ah nivver dar goa past t'church be mesen for fear a seein
t'padfooit or a bargus, TOM TREDOLEHOVLEBairnslaAnn. (1853) 40;
Wat 8a war Meari kudnt tel, bat jan an am wa satanli laik a
bagest [what they wer Meary could not tell, but yan ov 'em wer
sartainly loike a barguest], DIXON Craven Dales ^1881) 194; He
would have delighted to have kept a pack of bargests, ib. 6 ;
I heerd again this brush, brush, brush wi' t'chains . . . an' then,
thowt I, this mun be a bargest, LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882)
150 ; w.Yks.124 Lan. The barguest or barn-ghaist of the Teutons
is reported to be a frequent visitor in Lan., HARLAND & WILKINSON
Fit-Lore (1867) 91 ; If t'thing ta sa rattled a cheean and hed
een like sacers, it was t'bargest, ' EAVESDROPPER ' Vitt. Life (1869)
64; The boggart or bargaist . . . resembles the Scotch brownie,
ROBY Trad. (1872) I. Der.1 It has great saucer eyes, and is like
a great dog or bear ; and whoever meets it must give it the wall,
or it will fall upon him ; Der.2, nw.Der.1 n.Lin. He told you some
soft tale maybe about . . . bargests, PEACOCK R. Skirlaugh (1870)
I. 49 ; n.Lin.1
2. One who has the power of perceiving the disembodied
spirits of living men.
Wm. Of one who is dying it will be said, ' He won't be long here,
the bargest has been to see him.' The bargest says, ' Is he gone
yet?' — ' No.' — 'Well,' answers the bargest, ' he'll not be long, for
I met him as I came. ' An old superstition that lingers amongst the
fells and moors (B.K.) ; CLARKE Spec. Dial. (1865) 7.
3. A term of reproach or abuse ; one who is unsightly
in appearance ; a noisy or ill-conducted person.
ne.Yks.1 Thoo barguest ! e.Yks. A little active wilful fellow, who
filled his mother with fear and terror, by constantly running away
from her, was addressed thus, ' Cum here, thoo lahtle bagheeast ;
thoo oramast flays [affrights] ma oot o' mi wits,' NICHOLSON Flk-
Sp. (1889). w.Yks. I can tell yo 'at I wor sich a bargest as yo
ne'er see'd, HALLAM Wadslcy Jack (1881) xvii ; GRAINCE
Nidderdale (1863) 225. Not. ' You noisy bargust ' is said to a child
(J.H.B.). s.Not. Go and pull them fow rags off of yer, yer ugly
bargest, an' dress yersen decent. Y'er allus i'th' road, yer young
bargest. Ger out ! (J.P.K.) Not.3
BARGLE, v. and sb. Sc. [be'rgl.]
1. v. To bandy words, carry on a useless controversy.
See Argle-bargle, v.
Inv. (H.E.F.) Bnff. They barglt wi the aul wife for mehr nor
half an oor, bit she steed up t' them an keepit her grun (W.G.).
Hence (i) Barglan, vbl. sb. ; (2) Barglin, ppl. adj.
Bnff. (i) The barglan o' the twa wiz jist like to ger ma lugs
crack. (a) He's a barglin bit bodie ; he is never richt bit fin he's
conterin some ane (W.G.).
2. sb. A squabble, quarrel, mostly in words.
Bnff. The twa heeld sic a bargle wi ane anither at I wiz jist
fairly daivt (W.G.).
BAR-GOOSE, sb. Nrf. Ess. Ken. Wil. [ba'-gus.]
1. The barnacle goose, Bernida leucopsis.
Ess. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 149.
2. The common sheldrake, Tadorna cornuta.
Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) 43. Ken. Common about
Sittingbourne and neighbourhood, including Sheppey (P.M.) ; Ken.1
3. The white-fronted goose, Anser albifrons.
Wil. It is provincially known as the Bar Goose from the dark bars
upon the breast, SMITH Birds (1887) 459.
BARGUN, see Bargain.
BARISH, sb. Irel. Also written baarich Wxf.1
1. Barley. Wxf.1
2. Comp. Barish-amang.
Wxf.1 Leth aam gaame wee aar barish-amang [let them game
with their barley-mung], 100.
[Bar (bear, OE. 6ere), barley + -ish; for the suff. cp.
Omsk, eddish.]
BAI
bare.
BARISH
BARKEN
BARISH, adj. Nhb. Yks. [bea'rij.] Scanty, rather
re.
Nhb.1 The cupboard wis barish. Thor wis a barish market th<
day. He's barish o' brass the noo. n.Yks. (I.W.) ; ' It's nobbut
a barish spot,' said of any part of a grass or arable field on which
the grass or crop does not thrive (G.W.W.). w.Yks. Of poor
lodgings, especially where the diet is meagre, it will be said,
• Ther's nobbut barish pikin's [lit. pickings, eatables, food] yonder.'
Or of sheep that have to live on bare moorlands, ' They've nobbut
barish pikin' heare' (JE.B.}.
[Bare, adj. + -is/i.]
BARK, sb.1 Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Der. Not. Lei.
Nhp. War. Wor. e.An. [bark, bak.]
1. A box or receptacle, formerly made of bark, used for
holding candles or candle-ends ; also in comp. Candle-
bark.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; A cylindrical box formed now of wood,
but more gen, of tin, Denham Tracts led. 1895) II. 33; N.Cy.1
Nhb.1, Cum.1 w.Yks. Tom's hahce hed a been brokken inta, if it
heddant a been for a cannal bark, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla
Ann. (1869) 8; w.Yks.12; w.Yks.3The cannle bark; w.Yks. "5.
Lan.1, Der.1, nw.Der.1, Not. (J.H.B.)
2. The skin, epidermis.
Lnk. And dang the bark AfTs shins, RAMSAY Poems (1727) 61,
ed. 1733. e.Yks.1 Ah knockt a bit o' bark off, MS. add. (T.H.)
w.Yks. Getten th' clooas riven off ther backs an th' bark takken off
ther shins an elbows, HARTLEY Tales, 2nd S. 66. Lan. If a child
in the yard . . . knocked the bark off an angular limb, it went
crying to BessyClegg, BANKS Manck. Man (1876)!! ; He's knocked
th' bark off his shin wi gittin o'er that rail (S.W.). ne.Wor. ' The
doctor says I've got no bark to my inside,' said a woman who had
been told that the coating of the stomach was destroyed (J.W.P. .
Slang. To the detriment of what is called by fancy gentlemen ' the
bark' upon his shins, DICKENS M. Chuzdewit (1844) xx.
3. The hard outside of cooked or uncooked meat.
Lei.1, Nhp.12, War.2
4. The tartar deposited inside a bottle by wine or any
other liquor. [Not known to our correspondents.]
e.An.1
6. A long, narrow vessel used in dyeing hanks.
w.Yks. (J.G.) ; (S.K.C.) ; (R.S.)
6. In phr. between the bark and the wood, a well-adjusted
bargain where neither party has the advantage.
Nrf.1
BARK, s*.2 Nhb. Lan. Cant. An Irishman.
Nhb. Fond o' toddy, full o' larks, fytin sumtimes wi the barks,
CHATER Tyneside Aim. (1869) 33 ; Some thirty years ago the Irish
residents in Sandgate, Newcastle, formed three-fourths of the in-
habitants, and were always having quarrels with keelmen, &c.
They were, and still are, called barks (M.M.). Lan. An Irishman
is vulgarly called a bark, AT. & Q. (1869) 4th S. iii. 406. Cant.
When I was about fourteen I slung my 'ook and joined some
travellin' Barks, CAREW Autobiog. Gipsy (1891) xxxv. Slang.
FARMER.
BARK, v.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Stf.
Der. Not. Lin. War. Wor. Shr. Brks. Dev. [bark, bak.]
1. To strip a tree of its bark, esp. for the purpose of
tanning.
Sc. (JAM.)
Hence ( i ) Barked, ppl. adj. stripped of bark ; (2) Barker,
sb. (a) a person employed in stripping or rinding trees ;
(b) a rubber or whetstone used for sharpening scythes ;
(3) Barking-iron, an iron tool used in peeling off bark
from trees.
(i) Sc. A barkit aik-snag, SCOTT Rob Roy (1817) xxi ; QAM.)
(2) Dev. w.Times (Feb. 26, 1886) 2, col. 2 ; In some places in Dev.
barker is applied to a piece of wood used in the same way as the
stone balker, and for the same purpose, viz. sharpening scythes
in the field (R.P.C.). (3) se.Wor.1
2. To tan leather.
Sc. Tanning is thus denominated, because the bark of trees is
the great article used in this operation (JAM.).
Hence Barked, ppl. adj. tanned.
Sc. Twa buits of barkit blasint leather, RAMSAY Tea- Table Misc.
(1724) I. 175, ed. 1871.
3. To knock or rub off the skin, esp. from the shins.
Sc. To bark one's shins, is to take the skin off the ancles by a
blow or fall, so that in healing a crust is formed (A.W.). Nhb.1
Cum.1 He bark't his nockles ower tudder fellow's skope. Wm.1
He's barkt his shin. w.Yks. He barked his shins agean tubs
an barrils an boxes, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1886 59; Barkin
t'skin off me shins wi groaping abaht for t'matches, Pudsey Olm.
1889) 29. Stf.2 Ar Dick is lungeous [rough] ; 'e kicked me at
footba' th' other dee, an barked my shins ewer so. Oi knocked my
fut agfin th' cart whel an oi se its barked my shins a bit. Not.
' He barked his shins ' and ' He broke his shins ' are interchange-
able phrases (J.H.B.% War.2; War.3 I have barked my shin
badly. Used by old people in rural War. ne.Wor. (J.W.P.)
Shr. 'Bark' means to knock the skin off shins by kicking, &c.,
BOUND Prov. (1876) ; Shr.1 'E rawled 'im about shameful, an"
barked 'is shins beside; Shr.2, Brks.1 Slang. He barked his
shin bone unaware, CALVERLEY Verses (1862) 87.
4. Of dirt: to clot, harden, encrust, adhere; gen. used
as ppl. adj.
Sc. The face is said to be ' barkit wi' dirt' when it is very dirty
'.JAM.). Bnff.1 He barkit's claise wee red clay. Abel. Yer face is
barked o'er wi' smush, BEATTIES Parings (1801) 5, ed. 1873. N.I.1
Your skin is barked with dirt. N.Cy.1 Barked, covered with dirt as
though with bark. n.Yks.3 e.Yks. BEST Rur. Econ. (1641) n;
e.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 It war parfitly barked wi' muck, ii. 296 ; w.Yks.2
Lan. Barkit, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) neXan.1, Der.1 n.Lin.1
Yer han's is fairly barked wi' muck. War. (J.R.W.)
BARK, v? Sc. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der.
War. Wor. Brks. Sus. [bark, bak.]
1. Of foxes : to utter a short, sharp cry.
ne. Lan.1 Foxes are said to bark at rutting time. [A fox is said
to bark when inclined to copulate, MAYER Sptsmn's Direct. (1845)
M4-]
2. To cough hoarsely.
Dur.1, e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Ad gotten a rare cowd yo mind. . . Off
ah started barking like a yard dog, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Trip ta
London (1851) 28 ; Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Aug. i, 1891). s.Chs.1
Ahy rea'li dii)nu noa' wot wi)sn ddo wi dhu lit'l un ; it diiz nuwt
bubaa'rk, baa'rk, baa'rkair dee' limgg, un it lit'l aan'ds bin dhaat*
thin', yu)kn wel'i sey throo um [I raly dunna know what we
san do wi' the little 'un ; it does nowt bu' bark, bark, bark aw dee
lung, an" it little hands bin that thin, y6 con welly sey through 'em].
Stf.2 Usually in phr. ' coughing and barking.' Mi brethins aafull bad
this mornin, an oi've bin coughin an barkin aa' neght. nw.Der.1,
ne.Wor. (J.W.P.), Brks.1, Sus.2
Hence Barking, (a) vbl. sb., (b) ppl. adj. coughing.
(a) Sc. (JAM. Suppl.) w.Yks. ' Coughing and barking is the
diaphragmatic convulsive clamour of bronchitis, DYER Dial. (1891)
101. War.3 The child cannot sleep at nights for barking. Sus.
I can't abear for my master to goo to church ; for he keeps up such
a barking, that nobody can't hear naun for him. (6) Sc. ' A barkin'
hoast,' a short, hard, rapid cough QAM. Suppl.). n.Yks. A barking
cough (I.W.).
3. To boast, ' crow.'
w.Yks. Jimmy'd done a deal o' barkin 'cos he'd licked all he'd
fo'tten [fought], but when he started o' me Ah gav' him sich a
p'undin', sich a leathering whol' he's niver barked abaht his feightin"
sin' (JE.B.) ; w.Yks.2
4. Phr. (i) Bark at fheck, to wait outside the door ; aUsofig,
(2) barking and fleeing, said of one who spends his property
in a prodigal way, and is believed to be on the eve ot
bankruptcy (JAM.).
(i) Cum. ' Bark at t'heck' is used when a young man follows and
pays suit to a young woman who won't have him. Jwhon Simpton
goes efter Mary Wilson and barks at t'heck, but she willent hev
him. An unacceptable lover is thus compared to a dog barking at
a gate or obstruction which he cannot get over (J.A.). Cum.1
(2) Sc. O, the bonny lands of Milnwood ! . . . they are barking
and fleeing, outfield and infield, haugh and holme, SCOTT Old Mor-
tality (1816) viii. Fif. He's hunting and hawking, but he'll soon be
barking and fleeing (JAM.).
[1. To bark like a fox, gannire, ROBERTSON Phras.
(1693) ; Bark, the foresters say at rutting time a fox
barketh, PHILLIPS (1678) ; Gannio, to barke or crie like
a foxe, COOPER (1565).]
BARKEN, sb. Obsol. Glo. Wil. Dor. Som. An en-
closed space or yard, a farmyard, rickyard. See Barton.
s.Cy. GROSE (1790). Glo. The whole barken be a-fire, GISSING
fill. Hampden (1890) III. x ; Glo.1 2 Wil. Listening to the ' buzzing
of the threshing machine in the barken beyond the farmyard,'
KENNARD Diogenes' Sandals (1893) ii ; SLOWG/. (1892) ; BRITTON
Beauties (1825) ; By seven o'clock the last load was drawn into the
farmer's well-stored barken, AKERMAN TYj/es (1853)131 ; Commonly
BARKEN
[166]
BARLEY
used for a yard or backside in Wil. and other counties. But it
first signified the small croft or close where the sheep were
brought up at night, and secured from danger of the open fields,
KENNETT Par. Antiq. (1695") ; Vox in Comitatu Wilts usitatissima,
atrium, a yard of a house, SKINNER (1671). n.Wil. ' Thaay be up
to barken' [rickyard], said the boy, JEFFERIES Gt. Estate (1880) ix.
Wil.12 Dor. An' spring away right backward, flop Down into
barken pon', BARNES Poems (1863) 70, ed. 1879; An" when in
barkens yoppen dogs Do bark at vo'k a-comen near, ib. 88 ; BARNES
Gl. (1863) ; Dor.1 We hunted you about the grassy barken, 63.
Som. SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885).
[A barken, the yard of a house, BAILEY (1721) ; A barken,
cars, atrium, COLES (1679).]
BARKEN, v. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
[ba'rkan, baVkan.]
1. Of blood or dirt : to clot, become hardened, encrusted ;
gen. used as ppl. adj.
Sc. The best way's to let the blood barken upon the cut— that
saves plasters, SCOTT Guy M. (1815) xxiii ; GROSE (1790) MS. add.
(C.) Edb. Lifting up one of his eyes, the other being stiff and
barkened down, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) xvi ; Got the other
eye up when the barkened blood was loosed, ib. Bwk. Grey
fac'd, barkin't sutor Gib, Wi' a' the wives is unco sib, HENDERSON
Pop. Rhymes (1856) 1 19. Slk. Drought had sooked up the pools,
and left their cracked bottoms barkened in the heat, CHR. NORTH
Nodes (ed. 1856) II. 405. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.) Nhb.1
Generally used in connection with the coagulation of blood. Dnr.1
Cum. 'Fairly barkened wi' dirt' is very seldom heard now, perhaps,
but was very expressive of neglect (M.P.) ; Cum.1 ; Cum.3 For God-
seak put that barne in t'dolly tub an' scrubt ; its fairly barken't
ower wid muck. Wm.1 Whaars ta beean ? tha's au barken'd ower
wi blead an dirt. n.Yks.1 T'puir bairn's heead an' feeace an' airms
an a" wur fairly barkened ower wi' dry muck ; n.Yks.2 Barken'd
ower, encrusted. w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Stippl. (Aug. i, 1891). Lan.1
Eh ! thae art mucky ; it's fair barken'd on thi.
Hence Barkan, vbl. sb. the act of encrusting with dirt
Bnff.1
2. To tan ; gen. used as ppl. adj.
Sc. Effie used to help me to tumble the bundles o' barkened
leather up and down, SCOTT Midlothian (1818) v. Cum. To bawcon
or cure sheep skynes, FERGUSON Hist. (1890) xiii.
[He vmquhile after the cart was rent With barknyt
blude and powder, DOUGLAS Virg. (1513) 48. 3 (JAM.).
Bark, sb.1 + -e».]
BARKER, sb.1 Obs.? Sc. Nhb. A tanner.
Sc. Na sutar, tanner, or barker may buy hydis of mair price
BALFOUR Practices (1754) 74 (JAM.). N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 The Incorpo-
rated Company of Barkers or Tanners in Newcastle. (Obs )
[I am a barker, sir, by my trade, Tanner of Tamworth \
(1596) 67, in Percy's Reliques, ed. 1878, I. 308 ; Hie serdo, \
Hie frumtor, berkere, Norn. (c. 1450), in WRIGHT Voc. \
<»5- 35 5 Barkere, cerdo,frunio, Prompt. In a detailed list I
(c. 1430) of the York Plays and of the crafts assigned to
perform them ' Barkers ' appears in the place of the older
Tannours of Burton's List (c. 1415); see York Plays, Pref.
xix. The word barker is found in the Wei. Bible • Simon
barcer (S. a tanner), Acts ix. 43.]
BARKER, sb.2 Slang. A pistol, firearm.
Slang. They are never without barkers and slashers, SCOTT GuyM
1815) xxxm; ' I have got a pair of barkers that will match yours,'
!"„;.- f ?> °We-lt^lt he also was armed with pistols, ib. Nigel (1622)
barkers, finger on trigger, stand and deliver !
rto/rf/o(i875) xxv ; ' Barkers for me. Barney.'
WHYTF.-
'B
pistols to Turpin, AINSWORTH ~Rookwood (1834-) iTlTx'i'If " P"r °f
[Bark, vb.2 + -er.]
BARKER, see Balker.
BARKER'S .KNEE, phr. Cor. See below.
Cor. Barker did not believe in ' knockers' [mine-fairies, gnomes! •
"u •_ g.ot.am°ngst a lot of them, who threw their mining tools
.and hitting him on the knee he ever afterwards walked stiffly
Ul , Cor.-' Hunt, in his Romances of the IV. of Eng says
ailed buccas, or knockers, once left all their tools on
knee was so injured that it continued stiff
"arkef was l^^*^'* k"~ ' ^^ « P^*"^
BARKING-IRON, sb. Irel. Cant. A pistol. See
Barker, sb*
Ir. I shall be on the bridge to-morrow morning, with a case of
barking-irons, BARRINGTON Sketches (1827-32) VII. ii. Cant. Take
back your snapper, and look you, prick the touch-hole, or your
barking-iron will never bite for you, AINSWORTH Rookwood (1834)
II. vi ; A brace of barking-irons, a pair of pistols, Monthly Mag.
,1799) I. 22 ; Pistols, from their explosion resembling the bow-wow
or barking of a dog, Life B. M. Carew (1791).
BARKLE, v. Nhb. Yks., Lan. Der. Not. Lin. Also
written barcle Nhb.1 [ba'rkl, ba'kl.] Of dirt : to cake,
encrust, adhere.
Nhb.1 Gen. used in connection with the coagulation of blood.
w.Yks. (S.P.U.); He's fairly barkled o'er with dirt. Seldom
heard now, but 20 or 30 years ago part of everyday language
of working people, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 3, 1891) ; He put the
pie in his hat, but soon the juice was running all down his face
and his hair was barkled for weeks after iM.N.) ; Tha's barkled
wi' muck (].T.~) ; w.Yks.24 Lan. An yore hure's o barklt loike mi
naunt's mop full o' red sond, KAY-SHUTTLEWORTH Scarsdate(i86o)
II. 161; Keawerin'i'th'chimbleybarkle'twi'slutch,WAUGHC/;i'»iH.
Comer (1874) JS2. e<J- ^79 ', Those honds'll be barkle't wi' slutch
[mud], ib. Hermit Cobbler, v ; O' lore meh fese wur dawbt un barckult
wi it too, BUTTERWORTH Sequel (1819) 19; DAVIES Races (1856
273 ; Lan.1 Applied to hair upon which dirt has hardened ; also
to a wound when the blood has hardened upon it. cXan.1 Der.1
When yest, or lather, hardens on an object, it is said to barkle.
nw.Der.1 Not. (J.H.B.) ; ' The dirt's barkled on you,' implying that
there are several coats of dirt on one, caked together (W.H.S.) ;
Not.3 n.Lin.1 I was that barkled wi' muck when I com oot of Cleugh
Head, I thoht I should niver get mysen clean no moore.
Hence Barkled, ppl. adj. in phr. barkled ov a lump, see
below.
w.Yks. In order to enable soft warp thread to better endure the
processof weaving, they have from time immemorial been ' sized' ;
when this was applied too strong or too thickly, the warp was
' barkl'd ov a lump.' sometimes ' cotter'd ' [baked] (W.T.) ; Thread
which is slack in the warp and which takes up too much size and
going on the drying machine bakes in a lump (J.C.).
[Bark, vb.i + ./e, freq. suff.]
BARKSELE, sb. Nrf. Suf. Also in form barksel
e.An.1 ; barsale Nrf. ; barsel Suf. [ba'ksl, ba'sl.] The
bark harvest-time. See Seal (season).
e-An.1 Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) as ; GROSE (noo) •
Nrf.1 Suf. e.An. Dy. Times (1892) ; (F.H.)
BARKWAIN, sb. Chs. War. ? The damage done to
a tree when the bark grows into the timber, as in the
case of a yew.
Chs.13, War. (J.R.W.)
BARLEY, sb. Van dial, uses in comb, in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Hordeum vulgare.
I. Comp. (i) Barley-bairn, see Barley-child ; (2) -big,
common barley ; see Big ; (3) -bread ; (4) -broth, ale ;
cf. barley-bree ; (5) -haggle, a scarecrow ; (6) -bump,
a sluggard ; (7) -champer, an instrument for cutting off
the beards of barley ; (8) -child, (9) -crop, see below ;
(10) -dick or -duggar, a cake made of barley-meal ;
(11) -fever, illness caused by drinking to excess; cf.
barrel-fever ; (12) -mow, a stack or rick of barley ;
(13) -mung (mang), barley-meal mixed with water
or milk, to fatten fowls or pigs; (14) -pickle, the top-
most grain in an ear of barley; see Pickle ; (15) -plum,
a dark purple plum; (16) -sele, the time for sowing
barley; cf. hay-sele ; (17) -time, a period during the
Peninsular War, when, owing to the scarcity of wheat,
barley had to be used for bread ; (18) -tommy, see below ;
(19) -zears, the beard of barley.
(i) n.Yks.12 (a) Suf. RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 289, ed. 1849.
Wil.1 Obs. (3) Nhp.2 An amusement practised by children similar
to cockle-bread. (4) Ken. Here, boy! a mug of barley broth,
NAIRNE Tales (1790) 47, ed. i8a4. (5) N.I.1 16) Nhp.2 1,7) Sus.1
Oxf.1 Barley-chomper, MS. add. (8) Shr.i Barley-child, a child
born m wedlock, but which makes its advent within six months of
marriage. The metaphor lies in the allusion to the time which
elapses between barley sowing and barley harvest. (9) n.Yks.1
Not quite synonymous with barley-bairn, inasmuch as it is applied
rather to the fact of the too early birth than to the child born,
bo and so s getten a barley-crop, then. (.10; Nhb.1 in) Edb.
BARLEY
[167]
BARLEY-BREAK
Though then in his sixty-first year . . . this was the first time he
ever had fallen a victim to the barley-fever ! Mom Mansie Wauch
(1828) xxiv. (12) Lei.1 [Hence] a favourite sign for a village inn.
War.3 Dev., Cor. [The barley-mow song is sung when the mow
of barley is completed. It begins] Here's a health to the barley-
mow, my brave boys, DIXON Sngs. Eng. Peas. (1846) 159, ed.
1857. (13) w.Yks.2, e.An.1, Nrf.' (14) Sc. But it'sthe barley-pickle
breaks the naig's back, and wi' my consent it shall not hae any
mair burden laid upon it, SCOTT Redg. (1824) xx. (15) Wm.
(B. & H.) (16) e.An.1 It is time to set barley when a man in
leather breeches can feel the earth warm whilst sitting on the
ground. Nrf.1 (17) w.Yks. This term is applied to two seasons
of severe scarcity, just remembered by old people, when barley
cakes, made like parkin, were very commonly eaten by the poor ;
first, to the famine of 1782-3 ; secondly to the famine of 1799-
1800, when flour was sold at £f> per pack, Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.3
Lan. Notwithstanding which we read of barley times, bad trade,
visitations of pestilence, BRIERLEY Marlocks (1867) 79. (18) Cor.
Three small loaves of barley bread, in the form of a triangle, and
cooked under a baking kettle in the old style, are called ' baarley-
tommies' (F.H.D.). (19) nw.Dev.1
IL In bird-names : (i) Barley-ear, the whinchat, Pra-
tincola rubetra ; (2) -seed bird, the grey wagtail, Motacilla
melanope ; also the yellow wagtail, M. raii ; (3) -snake
bird, the -wryneck, Jynxtorquil/a ; (4) -sower, the common
gull, Larus canus. See also Barley-bird.
(i) Sus. It is known as the Barley-ear probably from the date
of its arrival coinciding with barley earing or ploughing for barley,
SMITH Birds (1887) 151. (2) Yks. The grey wagtail makes its
appearance in the «. of Eng. about March, and is then most
abundant in those elevated parts of the county which are better
adapted for the growth of oats than of wheat, SWAINSON Birds
(1885) 44. w.Yks.1 [In some places the yellow wagtail is called
the ' Barley Bird ' and in others the ' Oatseed Bird,' from its arrival
being coincident with the spring sowing of these two species of
grain, SMITH Birds (1887) 179.] (3) Hmp. SWAINSON Birds (1885)
103. (4) s.WH. SMITH Birds (1887) 534. Wil.1
BARLEY, v. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
[ba'rli, ba'li.] To claim by right of first choice, to be-
speak. Usually in phr. barley me. Cf. ballow, bags I.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 The word is used almost always by children in
play. The expressions, ' He barleyed that seat,' ' Aa barleyed the
shul,' mean that at sight of the articles one has been first to cry
out, ' Barley me that seat," or ' that shovel.' The first to do so has
a right to the use of the article named, and it is a point of honour
among lads to acknowledge and give place to the one so doing.
Cum. (M.P.) ; Cum.2 Barley me that. Wm.1 ' Barley me o that,'
I bespeak that for myself. In play, such as that of blind man's
buff, when the blindfolded person gets hold of any of his play-
mates, he says, ' Barley o tha," signifying that he bespeaks or
appropriates his capture. w.Yks. HAMILTON Nugae Lit. (1841)
359 ; A person goes into a newsroom and ' barleys ' or bespeaks
a newspaper or magazine (M.S.) ; w.Yks.12 ; w.Yks.3 Barley me
that desk.. Lan. The phrase is invariably ' Barley me,' N. & Q.
(1865) 3rd S. vii. 84 ; Lan.1 Generally used by children. ne.Lan.',
m.Lan.1 Chs.1 Used by boys in claiming the first innings
at any game. In playing ' Conquerors ' the boy begins who
first says ' Barley me first blow ' ; Chs.3 ' Barley me the
first blow,' called out at rounders by the boy who first seizes the
bat. s.Chs.1 Ahy baa'rlid dhaat- kau-rnur [I barley'd that corner].
Barley mey fog shot [Bags I first shot]. The word is only used
by schoolboys.
[Barley me (mey) appears to have meant orig. ' Give
me.' Of doubtful origin. Perh. a form (contam. w. parley)
fr. Fr. bailles-moi, fr. bailler, to give, grant, yield over
(COTGR.).]
BARLEY, int. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Stf. Der. War. Wor. Shr. A cry for truce in a game,
used by children when a short rest or break is wanted ;
also in phr. barley hands, barley faa an' king's speech ;
comp. Barley-bay, -faa. Sometimes an acknowledgement
of defeat in wrestling or fighting ; a\$ofig. See Bar.
Sc. A proper lad of his quarters that will not cry barley in
a brulzie, SCOTT Wavcrley (1814) xlii ; 'A barley!' through the
armies baith . . . resoundit, DRUMMOND Muckomachy (1846) 20 ;
Used all over Scotland in children's games, when one chases
another. The one hard pressed saves himself from being caught
if just on the eve he cries 'barley,' N. & Q. (1872) 4th S. ix. 308.
N.I.1 Barley-play. Nhb.' Barley-bay, Barley-faa, or Barley-faa-an'-
king's speech. The words always mean that the speaker wishes
the game to stop until some point of order is settled. Cum., Wm.
(M.P.) w.Yks. Shall therefore say ' barley' to this subject until
more information be obtained, DYER Dial. (1891) 47 ; Used by
children in such a game as 'tigs,' BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865) ;
w.Yks.1 ; w.Yks.3 I cried ' barley ' [or barlow] ; w.Yks.5 When a
juvenile is hard pressed in games where swiftness of foot is the most
necessary, or wishes to stop to tie his shoe-band, or to speak to a
companion, &c., while at other games, if he or she cries out
' Barley ! ' they arc entitled to these privileges and may forthwith
do so, resuming his or her position at any time with the word
' Off! ' Lan. Aw'll hommer him whol he's fain to sheaut ' Barley,'
CLEGG David's Loom (.1894) xxi. n.Lan.^e.Lan.1 Chs.1 A school-
boy expression used in the pause of a game to indicate that the
person is temporarily exempt from playing, or from the penalties
of the game, as ' I'm barley hands.' s.Stf. I was just gooin' to tick
him when he cried ' barley,' PINNOCK Bit. Cy. Ann. (1895). Stf.2
Barlies. nw.Der.1 Barleys. War.2, Wor. (J.W.P.\ Shr.1
[Never fash your noddle about me ; conscience ! I'se no
be the first to cry barley, SMOLLETT Reprisal (1757) II. iii.
Perh. the same as Barley, v. If so Barley \ would mean
prop. ' Grant me truce, quarter, grace.'
BARLEY-BIRD, sb. e.An. Sus. Hmp. I.W. Wil. Dor.
Dev. Applied to the following birds : (i) the common
gull, Lams canus ; (2) the nightingale ; (3) the Ray's wag-
tail, Motacilla flava ; (4) the siskin, Chrysomitris spinus ;
(5) the wryneck, Jynx torquilla.
(i) Dev. The common gulf... is called in some parts here-
abouts the barley-bird from the time of its appearance, at barley
sowing, I suppose, as I never observed them alight anywhere but
in the pastures, BRAY Desc. TamarandTavy (1836) 1. 355. s.Dev.
SWAINSON Birds (1885) 208. (2) e-An.1, Nrf.1 Suf. Science Gossip
(1882) 214 ; Suf.1 (3) Sus. KNOX Ornithol. Rambles (1849) 204.
• Hmp.1 Known in the New Forest as the barley-bird, as it appears
about the time the barley is sown, WISE New Forest (1883) 310.
(4) Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) 43. Ess.1 Wil. SMITH
Birds (1887) 204. (5) Suf. (G.E.D.) Hmp. Called also ' spring
bird,' from the time of its arrival, and ' weet bird ' from its cry
(J.R.W.) ; SWAINSON Birds (1885) 103. I.W.1 Dor. Western
Gazette (Feb. 15, 1889) 6, col. 7.
BARLEY-BREAK, sb. Obs. Sc. n.Cy. Lan. Chs.
Der. Also written barla-breikis, -brack Sc. A country
fame, usually a form of ' tick,' q.v. See below. Also
nown as Prison Bars, Boggle about the stacks.
Sc. And in this grove she means to stay, At barley-breaks to
sport and play, RAMSAY Tea-Table Misc. (1724) II. 218, ed. 1871 ;
Generally played by young people in a corn-yard. Hence called
Barla-bracks about the stacks. One stack is fixed on as the dule
or goal ; and one person is appointed to catch the rest of the
company, who run out from the dule. Any one who is taken . . .
is obliged to assist his captor in pursuing the rest. When all are
taken, the game is finished ; and he who was first taken is bound
to act as catcher in the next game. Obs. in 5. Sc. and obsol. in
the «. (JAM. "i Frf. Wi' warlocks whirl at barley -brack, BEATTIE
Arnha' (c. 1820) 22, ed. 1882. N.Cy.1 Now called Boggle about the
stacks, q. v. Lan. We play at barley-breaks, HARLAND & WILKIN-
SON Flk-Lore (1867) 181. Chs.13, Der.1 [HoNE Table-bk. (1827)
I- 37-]
[Played by six people, three of each sex, who were
coupled by lot. A piece of ground was then chosen, and
divided into three compartments, of which the middle one
was called hell. It was the object of the couple condemned
to this division to catch the others, ... in which case
a change of situation took place, and hell was filled by
the couple who were excluded by preoccupation from
the other places. ... By the regulations of the game, the
middle couple were not to separate before they had suc-
ceeded, while the others might break hands whenever
they found themselves hard pressed. When all had
been taken in turn, the last couple were said to be in hell,
and the game ended, GIFFORD Note on Massinger, I. 104
(NARES) ; And give her a new garment on the grass,
After a course at barley-break or base, B. JONSON Sad
Shep. (1641) i. ii ; He is at barley-break, and the last
couple are now in hell, MASSINGER Virgin-Martyr (1622)
v. i ; Play at ball and barley-breaks, BURTON Anal. Mel.
(1621), ed. 1836, 349; Tiers, a kind of play, somewhat
like our barly-break, COTGR.]
BARLEY-BREE
[168]
BARM
BARLEY-BREE, sb. Sc. Yks. Also in form barley-
brie, -broo Sc. Malt liquor, esp. whisky or ale. See
Bree.
Sc. But we'll take a soup of the barley bree, RAMSAY Tea-Table
Misc. (1724) II. 163, ed. 1871 ; Reared the flagon to his head from
which he withdrew it not while a single drop of barley-broo re-
mained, SCOTT Redg. (1824) xx; Another John had this advice
given him while under the influence of the barley-bree, DICKSON
Kirk Beadle (1892) 141. Ayr. Ay we'll taste the barley bree, BURNS
Willie brew'd ; How easy can the barley-brie Cement the quarrel,
ib. Sc. Drink (1786). Bwk. The browster— wi' his barley bree,
HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 4. n.Yks.2
BARLEY-BUCK, sb. Wil. A guessing game ; see
Buck.
s.Wil.1 A boy's game, played by guessing at the number of
fingers held up.
BARLEYCORN, see John Barleycorn.
BARLEY-FUMMEL, int. Obs. Sc. The call for a
truce by one who has fallen in wrestling or fighting.
Sc. (JAM.) ; DRUMMOND Muckomachy (1846) 20. Flf. On, on,
and cry na Barlafummil, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 30.
[Thocht he was wicht, he was nocht wyss With sic
jangleurs to jummill, For frae his thoume they dang a"
sklyss, Quhyle he cry'd, Barla fummill, Chrysts Kirk
(c. 1550) xv, in Ever Green (1761) I. 10.]
BARLEY-HOOD, sb. Sc. Also in form barlichood
QAM.), barlikhood. A fit of obstinacy, or drunken, angry
passion.
Sc. Barley-hood is the pronunciation of the s. counties ; it is de-
fined as bad humour in consequence of intemperate drinking.
Whene'er they take their barley-hoods And heat of fancy fires
their bludes, A. SCOTT Poems (1811)51 GAM.); (A.W.) Lnk. And
may be in his barlikhoods ne'er stick To lend his loving wife a
loundring lick, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725) 32, ed. 1783.
[And as she was drynkynge, She fyll in a wynkynge
Wyth a barlyhood, SKELTON Efynour Kummyng (c. 1525)
in IVks., ed. Dyce, I. 107. Barley, sb. + -/iooa, suff. of
condition.]
BARM, sb.1 Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Not. Lin. Rut.
Lei. Nhp. War. Won Shr. Hrf. Glo. Oxf. Brks. Hnt. Nrf.
Suf. Ken. Sur. Hmp. I.W. Wil. Dev. Cor. Nfld. Also
written baam w.Yks. ; bahm Suf.1 ; baum n.Lin.1 Hmp.1 ;
bawm w.Yks. Suf.1 ; berm Lan. e.Lan.1 Glo.1 Brks.1 ;
borm s.Chs.1 ; bourn [sic] GROSE ; burm Dev. Cor.12
[berm, bam, bom, boam. j
1. Yeast.
Sc. Work like barm in a barrel, SCOTT Rob Roy (1817) vi ; Fig,
in prov. ' Put out your barm where you took in your ale,' show the
effects of your ill-humour where you meet with the offence (JAM.) ;
Your words were working like barm in my head, WHITEHEAD Daft
Davie (1876) 164, ed. 1894. Yks. Barm interchanges with yeast,
HAMILTON Nugae Lit. (1841) 356. n.Yks.1 2, ne.Yks.1 w.Yks.
(S.K.C.) ; It's not likely a wumman can go all up an' daan t'taan seek-
ing baam, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1849) 49 ; Run and
fetch a pennorth o' barm or we shall have no bread to day (H.L.) ;
w.Yks.* Lan. GROSE(i79o) MS. add. (C ) ; Wi'o'that berm abeawt
him, TIM BOBBIN KKW/>IO/. (1740)26; DAVIF.S Races (1856)240; Un-
kommen fresh o berm, SCHOLES Tim Gamwatlle (1857) 22. neXan.1,
e.Lan.1, Chs.1, s.Chs.1 Stf.2 Sally, just run to th' brewry and
fatch a pint o' barm for yer mother. Der. Monthly Mag. (1815)
II. 297 ; Der.1, nw-Der.1 Not. This is a common term in the s.
district, but in some parts of Nhp. and Bdf. the word is entirely
unknown (L.C.M.) ; Not.12, n.Lin.1 Rut.1 For balm for baking,
Overseer's Ace. (1767). LeMC.E.^Lei.1, Nhp.12 -W&i-.B'ham.Wkly.
Post( June 10, 1893); (J.R.W.); War.i^se.Wor.1. Shr.12,Hrf.12
Glo. BAYLIS Illus. Dial. (1870) ; Glo.l 2 Oxf.1 MS. add. Brks.1,
Hnt.(T.P.F.) e-An.1 Called 'rising' or'raising" in Ess. Suf.(F.H.V,
Suf.1 Ken. (P.M.) ; GROSE (1790) ; Ken.1, Sur.1 Hmp. N. & Q.
(1854) ist S. x. 401 ; Hmp.1, I.W.1 Wil. BRITTON Beattlies (1825) ;
Cicely superintended the baking, passing the barm though a sieve
with a wisp of clean hay in it, JEFFERIES Gt. Estate (1880) viii;
N. & Q. (1881) 6th S. iv. 478 ; SLOW Gl. (1892). n.Wil. Have e got
any barm ? (E.H.G.) Wil.1, w.Som.1 Dev. He fetched home a
drop of barm last night, O'NEILL Idylls (1892) 38; Yeast is only
known in Dev. under the name of barm, BRAY Disc. Tamar and
Tavy(i8s6) 1.279. n.Dev. Her aller wanted letting or jist a soak in
barm [a yeast poultice], ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 107 • GROSE
(1790). Dev., Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 422. Cor. And went
to fetch some barm, THOMAS Randigal Rhymes, 3; Cor.12 [Nfld.
Barm has now generally given way to the word yeast, but it is
still commonly, if not exclusively, used, PATTERSON Trans. Amer.
Flk-Lore Soc. (1894).]
Hence Barman, vbl. sb. the act of mixing yeast with
wort to cause fermentation.
Bnff.1 A wiz at the barman o' the bowie, fin the gauger cam in o'
the closs.
2. Comp. (i) Barm-ball, a light pudding or dumpling
made of flour, yeast, and suet ; (2) -cake, cake made with
yeast; (3) -dumpling, see -ball ; (4) -feast, a yearly
entertainment given or held in an ale-house; (5) -head,
a soft, foolish person ; (6) -spout, a tin or wooden tube
used to convey the yeast from the cask; (7) -stick, a
person of weak intellect ; (8) -whin, a thick close branch
of whin on which barm was laid to preserve it for
brewing.
(i) Lan. I've bin havin' berm-bo an traycle to mi dinner, WAUGH
Chimn. Corner (1874) 167, ed. 1879 ; Lan.1 The children were all
eating a kind of light pudding, known in Lan. by the name of
' berm-bo ' or ' berm-dumpling,' made of flour and yeast, mixed
with a little suet, WAUGH Home Life (1867) xix. e-Lan.1 Chs.1
Small pieces of dough are taken when bread is being made, which
are boiled, and eaten with treacle ; Chs.3 Dough rolled up and
boiled like a dumpling. (2) Cor.1 ; Cor.2 A cake made with much
yeast in it — as opposed to ' heavy cake,' which is made without
yeast and is very close grained, MS. add. (3) w.Yks.2 Lan. Awm
zwellin aw uv a thickness loike a berm dumplin, STATON Loominary
(1863-65)76. Chs.1 Stf.2 It's ar bakin-dee to-dee and my mother's
made us some barmy-dumplins fur dinner. Not. A small dumpling
made of bread-dough boiled (J.P.K.). (4) w.Yks.2 At Barm-feeast
an' at t'wake, SENIOR Smithy Rhymes, 54. A barm-feast is
held every year on the Sat. after the 25th of June (Cold-Aston
feast) at a place called Blackamoor, between Cold-Aston and
Eckington. The innkeeper formerly brewed his own ale, and,
of course, had barm to dispose of. This was readily sold to
customers, and all who were accustomed to fetch it were expected
to attend a yearly feast, which consisted of a good tea, followed by
a dance. I do not find that these feasts are ever held in the town of
Sheffield, but they are common in the villages of «. Der. The old
feast is, in many places, still kept up, under the old name ; though
now the guests generally pay for their feast ; but, in some cases,
the landlord still gives the treat yearly to his regular ale customers.
(5) Lan. Iv hee duzn't larn, he's o berm yed, Sam Sondknocker,
pt. vi. 22 ; That'll do nought for a livin', will it, berm yed ? WAUGH
Sneck Bant (1868) ii ; I 'wouldn't tak up wi every drunken berm-
yed 'at I could rake out o' a gutter, ib. Chimn. Corner (1874) 155,
ed. 1879. Lan.1 Aw'll be bund "at Enoch's hooked it on in a
mistake. Th'berm-yed doesn't know what he's doing th' tone hauve
of his time, WAUGH Besom Ben (1865) ii. (6) se.Wor.1 (7) Not2
(8) Sc. JAM. Suppl.)
3. Froth ; alsoyfg-. nonsense, foolish talk.
Sc. His words gurgled out as thick as the barm from a beer bottle
in warm weather, WHITEHEAD Daft Davie (1876) 283, ed. 1894.
e.Lth. It's aye best to let a wumman pit oot her barm her ain
way, HUNTER J. Inwick (1895) 153. s.Not. It's all barm (J.P.K.) ;
But without barm, Renie, yer do just look as if yer'd been out of
the world for a six-month, PRIOR Renie (1895) 247; Strikes me
you was 'ard on your chap. — Barm ! ib. 249. n.Lin.1 The brown
froth which collects in running water. s.Wor. All barm, all non-
sense (F.W.M.W.).
[Barm, faexcerevisiae,fetmentum, SKINNER (1671) ; Barme
or yeaste, flos, vel spuma cernisiae, BARET (1580); Glas,
berm, wort, and argoile, CHAUCER C. T. G. 813. OE. beorma
(Matt. xiii. 33).]
BARM, sb.2 Lan.
1. The bosom or lap.
Lan. DAVIES Races (1856) 270 ; Lan.1 [K.]
2. Comp. Barm-cloth, an apron.
Lan. ' Barm-clath ' meant a bosom cloth, or apron. The word is
still current, GASKELL Lectures ',1854) 19. [Barm-cloth is the cover-
ing for the barm (bosom or lap), as neck-cloth is the covering for the
neck, AT. & Q. (1861) 2nd S. xi. 239; A belly cloth (K.).]
[1. A barme, gremiutn, Cath. Angl. (1483) ; Hyde thy
hande in thy barme, York Plays (c. 1400) 77 ; And kist
bairn oft apon his barm, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 5442. OE.
bearm (John i. 18). 2. Barm-cloth, apron, COLES (1677) ;
A barmeclathe, corium gremiale, Cath. Angl. ; A barmclooth
eek as whyt as morne milk, CHAUCER C. T. 3236. OE.
beartnclao.]
BARM
[169]
BARN
BARM, v. Sc. [berm.]
1. To ferment, work ; also used fig.
Sc. He said no a word on the wy back, but a' saw it wes barmin
in him, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush (1895) 208. Bnff.1 The ale's
barmin' up. Ayr. Nothing immediately rose out of this, but it set
men's minds a-barming, and working, GALT Provost (1822) I. ii.
Hence Barming, vbl. sb. interest arising from money.
Ayr. My father ordained me a hundred a year out of the harming
o' his lying money, GALT Entail (1823) xx ; (JAM.)
2. To mix wort with barley to cause fermentation.
Bnff.1 I hae jist new deen o" barmin' the wort.
[The same as Barm, sb.1]
BAR-MASTER, sb. Obsol. w.Yks. Der. Also in
form bargh-master. The authority to whom all disputes
in lead-mining were referred.
w.Yks.1 Der. Bergh-master, a bailiff or chief officer among the
Derbyshire miners, BAILEY (1721) ; Used in connexion with lead-
mining only — an industry now nearly extinct (H.R.) ; The Bargh-
master . . . Must view the corps before it buried be, MANLOVE
Lead Mines (1653) 7.
[A bargh master, scaptensulae praefectus, ROBERTSON
Phras. (1693); A bargh-master, curator fodinae. A bergh-
master (a bailiff among the miners), scaptensulae magister,
COLES (1679). A der. of bargh, q.v. : A bargh, i.e. a mine,
whereout of metalls are digged, fodina metallica, ROBERT-
SON.]
BARM-BAW, see Barm.
BARMKIN, sb. ? Obs. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Also written
barnekin Nhb.1 Cum. ; barnkyn Nhb. A fortified wall
built round a castle ; the outermost enclosure within which
the barns, stables, &c. were placed.
Sc. (JAM.) Nhb. Peels — were often surrounded by a moat, and
buttressed outer wall or barnkyn, Laird of Thornyburne (1855) 10 ;
At Ilderton there is a great tower with a strong barmkyn of stone,
HODGSON Hist. Nhb. (1839) III. ii ; Obs. At Eslynton ys a toure
wth a barmekyn, Border Surv. (1541) in DIXON Whittingham Vale
(1895) 82 ; Nhb.1 Cum. The barns and barnekins are full, POWLEY
Echoes Cum. (1875) 108.
[Barmikin wall, barbacane, a bulwark or watch tower,
anlemurale, promurale, murus exterior, SPOTTISWOODE MS.
Law Diet. (JAM.) ; Balaan in be barmeken sa bitterly fijtis,
Wars Alex. (c. 1450) 1301. A corr. of OFr. barbacane.}
BAR-MOTE, sb. Der. Also in form barghmoot. A
court held to settle business connected with the lead
mines. .
Der. To Barmoot Ben [I give] the Tup-scein, FURNESS Medims
(18361 59; Bar-mote and other customs connected with lead-mining
are still kept up at Wirksworth (H.R.) ; Sute for oar must be in
Barghmoot Court, For justice thither miners must resort, MANLOVE
Lead Mines (1653) '• IO3; Barmote, a court held within the Hun-
dred of the Peak in Der. for regulating the miner's trade, BAILEY
(1721).
[Berghmote, a court held to determine matters relating
to mines, BAILEY (1721) ; The Bergh-mote, curia stan-
naria, COLES (1679). Bargh (a mine, see Bar-master) +
mote (OE. mot), a court, assembly.]
BARMSKIN, sb. Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs. [be'rmskin,
ba'mskin.] A leather apron.
Sc. The large leather apron worn by tanners and curriers is
called a bramskin (JAM. Suppl.). S. & Ork.1 w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. •
w.Yks.24 Lan. GROSE (1790) ; His knockus lapt in his barmskin,
TIM BOBBIN View Dial. (1740) 14 ; The aw slappunt, un shewtunt,
un clatterunt weh thur honds o' thur barmskins, BUTTERWORTH
Sequel (1819) 42 ; When the apron is of leather it is called a ' barm-
skin,' GASKELL Lectures (1854) 19; Lan.1 'Neaw lads,' sed Hal,
' mind yer hits : I'll lap meh honds eh men barmskin ot hoo
cannah scrat meh,' TIM BOBBIN Works (ed. 1750) 45. e.Lan.1
Worn by blacksmiths. If the smith is also a farrier the barmskin
is shredded at the bottom corners. Chs.123
[Barme skyn, ntelotes, Prompt., ed. Pynson (1499). See
Barm, sb.2]
BARMY, adj. and sb. Sc. Yks. Stf. Lin. War. Nrf.
Naut. Also written bawmy e.Yks.1 ; balmy Slang,
[be'rmi, ba'mi, bij'mi.]
1. adj. Silly, weak-minded, half-witted.
w.Yks.2, Stf.1 nXin.1 A soft barmy fool. War.2 Naut. I have
known more than one sham lunatic at sea. . . . The shammer gets
known as being 'barmy' (weak-minded) among his shipmates,
VOL. I.
Answers (Feb. 27, 1892) 242. Slang. What with the trips and
the drink I very near went balmy, Macntillan's Mag. (Oct. 1879)
506 ; To be a little bit ' balmy in one's crumpet ' means to be
slightly crazy. Among convicts to ' put on the balmy stick ' is to
feign insanity, BARRERE & LELAND.
2. Comp. (i) Barmy-brained, foolish, giddy; (2) -faced,
having a foolish expression.
Sc. (i) A wheen cork-headed barmy-brained gowks ! SCOTT
Ration (1824) iii ; (JAM.) (2) She's barmy-faced, thriftless, and
bauld, RAMSAY Tea-Table Misc. (1724) I. 201, ed. 1871.
3. sb. A fool, simpleton.
e.Yks. He ommast dodhered hissen ti bits, when a awd coo
beealed ower hedge at him, great bawmy 'at he is, NICHOLSON Flk-
Sp. (1889) 32 ; e.Yks.1 Thoo great bawmy ! thoo mud he knawn
that. w.Yks. A gurt bami (B.K.). Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad
Nrf. (1893) 83. Slang. I tried to act the balmy in Clerkenwell,
but it wouldn't do, HORSLEY Jottings (1887) 98.
[Barm, sb.1 + -jy. The lit. mg. is frothing like barm,
hence, full of ferment, flighty, empty-headed.]
BARMY-SPONGE, sb. Cor. Liquid yeast set to rise
over-night, used in bread-making.
Cor. A common expression (M.A.C.); Cor.3 In frequent use. The
barm is mixed with a little flour or covered over with it. The
product after fermentation is barmy-sponge, which is then used
for baking.
BARN, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Chs. Lin. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf.
Glo. Oxf. Nrf. Ess. Wil. Som. Dev. In comp. (i) Barn-
barley, barley which has always been kept under cover ;
(2) -'s-breaking, an idle frolic ; (3) -'s-door, the door of a
barn ; (4) -door fowl, fowl that have been allowed to
breed indiscriminately ; (5) -door savage, a clodhopper ;
(6) -flake, a wooden slide, fitted into grooves, to which
the doors of the barn are fastened inside ; (7) -'s-floor,
the thrashing-floor ; (8) -'s-floor planch or plank, a
particular size of plank, made of elm ; (9) -'s-floor
planchin, the boards or planks, which form the flooring
of a barn ; also the woodwork of the floor ; (10) -gallon,
seventeen pints ; (ii) -man, a man employed in thrashing
corn; (12) -man's benison, see below; (13) -sieve, a sieve
of which the bottom is made of plaited cane, used in
winnowing; (14) -swallow, the swallow; (15) -yard,
a straw or fold-yard, in which grain or straw is stored ;
(16) -yard beauty, a rustic beauty.
(i) Wil.1 Barley which has never been in rick, but has been
kept under cover from the first, and is therefore perfectly dry and
of high value for malting purposes, JEFFERIES Gt. Estate (1880) viii.
(2) Sc. What barns-breaking have you been at? SCOTT Nigel
(1822) iii; Steenie's awa out about some barns-breaking, ib.
Antiquary (1816) xxvi ; (JAM.) ; GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
(3) w.Som.1 Baa-rnz-doo'ur, or doa'ur, the door of the barn,
generally made in two parts, meeting and fastening in the middle,
while one, and sometimes both of these parts are again divided,
so that the upper half may be opened while the under is kept shut.
The only light in a barn is usually that from the doors when open.
A very common saying expressive of inconsistency is : Mud su
wuul puut u braas nauk'ur pun a baarn-z-doo'ur [(you) may as well
put a brass knocker on a barn-door]. Barn-door is never used.
(4) Sc. Never had there been such slaughtering of capons, and fat
geese and barn-door fowl, SCOTT Bride of Lam. (1819) xxvi ;
(JAM.) War.3 What breed are these chickens?— Oh, only barn-
door fowl. w.Som.1 Barn's-door fowls. (5) n.Yks.2 e.Yks.1 A
townsman's opprobrious appellation of a farm labourer. Shr.1;
Shr.2 In the Wor. dial, a chawbacon. Shr., Hrf. BOUND Prov.
(1876). (6) Chs.1, War. (J.R.W.) (7)nw.Dev.1 w.Som.1 Baa'rnz
vloo'ur is gen. in the centre of the barn, and on the same level as
the sill of the barn's-door, of which there are always two, one at
each end of the floor. It is never made to cover the entire space
within the barn, but is only about ten feet in width, its length
>eing the width of the building. It is gen. raised above the bays
on each side, and has a low wooden partition called the spirting-
>oard, on either side, to keep the corn upon the floor. It is made
of elm planks, two inches thick, while the rest of the barn is
usually floored with concrete, or beaten earth. (8) ib. A particular
size of plank, which is usually two inches thick and eleven inches
wide ; it is of elm, on account of its toughness. (9) ib. Thick
here butt'll cut out some rare barn's-floor planchin [flooring].
'laise, sir, the barn's-vloor's a-come to doin shocking bad ; the
planchin o' un's all a-ratted to tich-eod [touch-wood], (10)
War.3 He sold his milk at 15. id. per barn gallon, Eves/tain Jm.
Z
BARN
[170]
BARN-BRACK
(Apr. 18, 1896). The barn gallon, often contracted in conversation
to ' barn,' is almost obs., the Railway Companies refusing now to
carry milk except by the imperial gallon. Ess. Sending thousands
of gallons of milk every week to London ; the gallon being a ' barn-
gallon ' of seventeen pints, WHITE e.Eng. (1865) II. 217. [But
the farmer's gallon is a barn gallon, which holds two ordinary
gallons and a pint over, Bradford Obs. Budget (May 9, 1896).]
(n) Sc, A barnman of ordinary abilities, commonly threshed
about two bolls (one quarter) of wheat in a day, Agric. Sum.
M. Lth. 94 (JAM.). Bwk. An old thresher or barnman, HENDERSON
Pop. Rhymes (1856) 3. (12) Nhb. Obs. When corn was threshed
with the flail a spell of wet weather caused the corn to be more
readily separated from the straw, and was termed a barnman's
benison (R.O.H.). (13) w-Som.1 (14) w.Wor. Berrow's Jrn.
(Mar. 3, 1888). (15) SC.QAM.). niin.1 Oxf.1 (MS. add.) Nrf.
MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1787); GROSE (1790) Suppl. (16) Sc.
Commonly used to denote a buxom girl, who may appear hand-
some in the eyes of the vulgar (JAM.).
BARN, v. Lin. Nhp. Oxf. Nrf. Suf. [ban.] To house,
put in a barn.
nJLin.1 Barn or stack it after harvest, YOUNG Agric. (1799) 164.
Nhp.1 e.An.1 I shall stack some of that wheat, and barn the rest.
Nrf. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1787) ; GROSE (1790) Suppl. Nrf.,
Suf. To lay corn up in a barn. So in the south, ' to house corn '
has the same meaning, HOLLOWAY.
Hence Earning, vbl. sb. the act of storing corn in a barn.
Oxf. (M.A.R.)
BARN, see Bairn, Burn.
BARNABEE, sb. e.An. Also in forms barney bee,
burney bee e.An.12 The Lady-bird, Coccinella septem-
punctata. Also called Bishop Barnabee, q.v.
e-An.1 2, Nrf.1 Suf.1 One settling on a child is always sent away
with this sad valediction — ' Gowden-bug, gowden-bug, fly awah
home, Yar house is bahnt deown an yar childen all gone.'
BARNABY, sb. Lan. Chs. Der. Wor. Dor. St.
Barnabas' Day, June n ; the day of the summer solstice
before the change from Old to New Style. Usually
in phr. Barnaby bright.
Lan. Barnaby bright, All day and no night, N. & Q. (1877)
5th S. viii. 16. Chs.1 Barnaby Fair is held at Macclesfield on
June 22nd — old St. Barnabas' Day. About Macclesfield itself it is
generally pronounced ' Barmady.' It is also the grand day from
which dates are reckoned, as ' He's three year old come Barmady,'
or ' Oo were bad afore Barmady. ' nw-Der.1 ne.Wor. The rhyme
is still current in the form given by Ray (J. W.P.). Dor. [A similar
form is given in] BARNES Gl. (1863). [Barnaby bright, the longest
day and the shortest night, RAY Prov. (1678) 51.]
[This day the sunne is in his chiefest hight, With
Barnaby the bright, SPENSER Epiihal. (1595) 266.]
BARNACLE, sb.1 A name applied to several birds:
(i) Bernicla brenta, the brent goose (Irel.) ; (2) B. leucopsis
(Sh. & Or.I.) ; (3) Sula bassana, the solar goose or gannet
(Suf.).
(i) Ir. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 149. (2) S. & Ork.1 (3) Suf.1 Also
called Bargander.
[Barnacle, a soland goose, a fowl in the Bass, an island
on the coasts of Scotland, supposed by some to grow of
trees, or by others to be bred out of rotten planks of ships,
BAILEY (1721) ; A barnacle, chenalopex, xi"a\a>ir^, vulp-
anser; quippe anserem specie, vulpem calliditate refert,
Plin. 10. 22, ROBERTSON Phras. (1693) ; Barnacle, Anser
Scoticus, £v\6yovos, SKINNER (1671) ; Bernaque, the fowl
called a barnacle, COTGR. ; Barnacles or great byrdes,
chelonolopices, BARET (1580) ; A barnacle, bird, chelona-
lops, LEVINS Mantp. (1570) ; Chelonolopices I thinke to be
the birds that we cal Barnacles, COOPER (1565). OFr.
bemacle, barnacle (HATZFELD, s.v. barnache).]
BARNACLE, sb.2 Nhb. A stickleback. See Ban-
stickle.
Nhb. Catching ' lyars,' ' streamers,' and ' barnacles ' by sticking
them with a fork, or pocket-knife ... in shallow streams, DIXON
Whittingham Vale (1895) 269.
[Prob. a wrong applic. of the word barnacle, sb.1, to the
Banstickle. One of the mgs. of barnacle, sb.1, is the shell-
fish wh. fastens to a ship's bottom.]
BARNACLE, sb.3 Yks. An incorrigible person.
e.Yks.1
[The word barnacle (the shell-fish) is often used in the
fig. sense of one that sticks close, and will not be dismissed,
a troublesome adherent ; hence the dial, use.]
BARNACLE-GRASS, sb. Irel. Grass-wrack, Zostera
marina.
BARNACLES, sb. pi. Sc. Cum. Chs. Der. Lin. Lei
Nhp. War. Wor. Shr. e.An. Sus. Wil. Som. [be'rniklz,
ba-niklz.]
1. An instrument applied to the nose of a savage bull, or
of a restive horse when being shod. Hence fig. irons
worn by felons in gaol. .
n.Cy. The instrument called a barnacle or brake, put on the nose
of unruly horses, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Cum. Ye'll want
. . . the ass's barnicles to keep your tongue in your mouth, CAINE
Shad. Crime (1885) 33 ; Cum.1, Nhp.1 Shr.1 Obsol. The bar-
nacles are somewhat like the figure 8 in form, consisting of two
rings connected midway by short bars, through which a screw
passes. The upper ring is jointed in the centre, while the lower
one is correspondingly divided. This is put into the bull's nos-
trils, and held there by the screw which serves to tighten the
barnacles at pleasure. The upper ring is attached to the point of
each horn by means of a chain, thus keeping the lower one from
dropping and impeding the animal while grazing. ' It gies the
bull plenty to do to think on 'is nose w'en the barnacles bin on,'
said the village blacksmith of Tilstock. Cant. The irons worn in
gaols, Life B. M. Carew (1791).
2. Hooks attached to chains, used in salt-mining.
Chs.1 A pair of chains with two hooks to hook on each side of
the tub when drawing rock salt.
3. Spectacles ; eyeglasses. In gen. dial, and colloq. use.
Sc. Buy a pair of David Ramsay's barnacles, the King never
reads Hebrew or Greek without them, SCOTT Nigel (1822) i.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) Suppl. Cum.1, Der.2, nw.Der.1 nXin.1 Old-
fashioned spectacles which were held on the nose without lateral
supports. Lei.1, Nhp.1, War. (J.R.W.), War.23, Wor. (J.W.P.),
Shr.1, Nrf. (E.M.), Snf.1, Sue.2 Wil. SLOW Gl. (1892). Som.
SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885). w.Som.1 Colloq. He's heerd
all about you from the sawbones in barnacles, DICKENS Pickwick
(1837) xxxviii.
[1. Museliere, barnacle for an . unruly horses nose,
COTGR. ; Barnacles, an instrument set on the nose of
unruly horses, pastomis, BARET (1580) ; Beting to an hors,
and a bernacle to an asse, WYCLIF (1388) Prov. xxvi. 3.
An older form was bernak. Bernak for horse, chamus,
Prompt. AF. bernac, ' camus,' Neckham (c. 1200) in Wright's
Voc. (1857) I. ico. 3. These spectacles put on ... They
bee gay barnikles, Damon &* Pitheas (1582) (DAV.).]
BARNAGE, sb. Obs. Sc. A military company, army,
followers.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; QAM.)
[pan blisches (looks) he to his baronage, Wars Alex.
(c. 1450) 984 ; Before the baronage at ther burde thus )>e
buerne (hero) said, Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 211 ; Of bairn (>u
sal haue a gret vauntage, Bath to be and bi barnage,
Cursor M. (c. 1300) 8016. AF. barnage, der. of baron,
MLat. baro (-onetn), a military retainer, see HATZFELD.]
BARNARD CASTLE, sb. Dur. A term of reproach.
Dur. Barnard Castle, a Briggate bred-un. That is a female of
a certain class born in Barnard Castle, and bred up in tliat
Billingsgate portion of the town, yclept Briggate, Dmham Tracts
(ed. 1892) I. 104 ; A coward ! a coward ! o' Barney Castle Dare na
come out to fight a battle ! A very common saying. In all proba-
bility refers to the ' Rising in the North,' 1569, and esp. to Sir
George Bowes who had shut himself up in Barnard Castle. Sir
Cuthbert Sharp notices this reproachful saying in his Memorials
of the Rebellion, ib. 98; In Sunderland fifty years ago, a common
taunt was ' A coward, a coward, o' Barney Castle ! ' I stopped to
listen to two viragos . . . holding a ' slanging ' contest ; . . . what
appeared the most pungent and irritating, as well as laconic,
epithets were resorted to, ' Barney Castles ! ' and ' Bewcastle ! '
bandied from side to side, Flk-Lore Jrn. (1883) VI. 228.
BARNAUGH-BLOW, sb. ? Obs. Irel. The goal or
winning stroke.
Wxf. Not now in use (P.J.M.) ; Wit.1 A barnaugh blow might
have been a critical, a judging blow. Mot, all arkagh var ee bar-
naugh-blowe [but all eager for the great stroke], 88.
BARN-BRACK, sb. Irel. A large sweetened bun
containing currants.
Ir. On St. Bridget's Eve every farmer's wife in Ireland makes
BARNEKIN
BARRAS
a cake called Bairin-breac, BRAND Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1849) '• 345-
n.Ir. We hear of barn-breck cakes, HUME People of Dwn. & Ant.
(1874) 24 ; N.I.1 In season at all times, but especially so at Hallow-
eve, when it contains a ring ; the person who gets the ring will of
course be first married. Wxf. Piles of hot griddle-baked wheaten
cakes and wheaten loaves baked in a pot with coals laid on the lid,
and all well buttered inside, barn-bracks, and other varieties of the
staff oflife, KENNEDY Banks Bom (1867) 349.
[Ir. bdirin, a cake of bread (cp. Wei. bara, bread) +
breac, speckled. See MACBAIN (s.v. Bairghiri).]
BARNEKIN, see Barmkin.
EARNER, sb. Lan. Thick, short flags used in flooring
barns.
e.Lan.1
BARNET, sb. ? Obs. Yks. A cart-whip.
Yks. GROSE (1790) Suppl. [Not known to our correspondents.]
BARNEY, sb. Yks. Lan. Glo. Som. and in gen. use as
slang.
1. A disturbance, dispute, altercation.
Glo.1 Lon. Selby runs out, and goes to get another knife, but
I stops him, and the barney was all over, Dy. News (Jan. 4, 1895)
3, col. 7. w.Som.1 Of some quarrelsome neighbours, a man said :
Twas a purty barney way 'em, sure 'nough. I'll warnt there'll
be a barney over thick job. Cant. You'd best clear out of this
before the barney rises, CAREW Autob. Gipsy (1891) xxviii. |Aus..
N.S.W. We had long talks and barneys over the whole thing,
BOLDREWOOD Robbery (1888) II. xiii.]
2. Nonsense, foolery. Also in form barneying.
e.Yks. Let's have none o" your barney-an (S.O.A.). Lan. Aw
won thee i' fair powell — one toss an' no barney, BRIERLEY Irkdale
(1868) I44.
3. A blunder ; a piece of bad workmanship.
w.Yks. Tha'rt makm' a barney o' that (S.K.C.).
BARNEY BRIDGE, sb. Irel. A children's game.
Uls. Still played. Two children take uplifted hands forming an
arch through which the others pass in single file, holding on to
the coat or dress of the one in front. The last to pass through is
caught by a sudden lowering of the arch of hands and arms
(R.M.Y.). Ant The game of Barney bridge is still played (S. A. B.) ;
A common child's game here. The town children also know it by
its Eng. name ' Oranges and Lemons.' In the Ards, the game is
also called 'broken bridges' (M.B.-S.). N.I.1 In playing it the
following rhyming dialogue is used : ' How many miles to Barney
bridge ?— Three score and ten.— Will I be there by candle light ?—
Yes, if your legs be long,' &c.
BARN-GUN, sb. Som. Dev. Also in form barney-gun
w.Som.1 [ba'n-gan.] An eruption on the skin; also
specifically, shingles.
w.Som.1 They zes how tis the barney-gun [shingles], but I sure
you I 'ant got no paice way un [i. e. my husband] day nor night,
he's proper rampin like. Dev. ' Thou art not come to me,' she
said, looking through my simple face as if it were but glass, ' to be
struck for bone-shave, nor to be blessed for barn-gun,' BLACK-
MORE Lorna Doone (1869) xviii ; When I were bad with the
barngun, O'NEILL Idylls (1892)87. n-Dev. Vorewey [immediately]
struck out and come to a barngun, Exm. Crtshp. (1746) 1. 557 ;
Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 422 ; GROSE (1790). Dev.1 It is acommon
but unfounded belief, that if the extremities of the zone [of shingles]
meet, the patient will certainly perish.
[Barn (OE. beornan, to burn) +gun, see Gound.]
EARNING, sb. Obs. Hit. Barn-buildings.
Hrt. They keep whole bays of barning full of turnips, ELLIS Mod.
Hush. (1750) VI. ii.
[Barn + ing. The abstract sb. used in collective sense.]
BARNISDAEL, sb. Sh.I. In phr. to tell a tale from
barnisdael and doun, to tell it from beginning to end with
all particulars.
S. & Ork.1
BARNISH, v. Der. Lei. Nhp. Shr. Sus. [ba'nif.] To
grow fat, to ' fill out ' ; to look sleek and smooth.
Der.2 To grow sleek and fat after an illness. Shr.1 I spect the
young squire's lef college : 'e's as tall as a young poplar, an' as
thin as a pikel-stail ; but 'e'll barnish now for a couple o' 'ears,
an' mak a fine fellow ; Shr.2 You bin bravely barnished. e.Sus.
'That bullock begins to barnish,' that is, to look sleek and bright
in his skin, HOLLOWAY. Sus.2
Hence Barnished, ppl. adj. fat.
Lei.1 Why, you're grown tall, and barnished too. Nhp.2 Ye be
got barnish'd sin yiv bin awey.
[This they could do, while Saturn fill'd the throne, Ere
Juno burnish'd, or young Jove was grown, DRYDEN Juv.
Sat. (1692) xiii ; To burnish, grow big, grandesco, COLES
(1679) ; The childe . . . began to burnesh and sprede, Syr
Generides (c. 1430) 780 (N.E.D.). With this word we may
compare the word burnish, a hunter's term : To burnish,
apply'd to harts spreading their horns after they are fray'd
or new rubbed, KERSEY (1715) ; so English Expositor
(l64l), BULLOKAR (l6l6).]
BARNISH, see Bairnish.
BARNISH YOU, phr. Dev. [ba-nif I.] A mild
imprecation. Cf. burn-you.
Dev.1 A common imprecation of the same import as Burn-you ;
Dev.3 Barnish ee. Ot's 'bout now than, yii young murtchy-
making dowl? Kessen let nort alone, can'st?
BARNKYN, see Barmkin.
BARNSTAPLE FAIR WEATHER, phr. Dev. Cold,
wet, windy weather.
Dev. Yesterday the clerk of the weather made a desperate effort
to restore what is understood to be the normal balance of pro-
portion between fine days and thunderstorms in this country.
He has still a good deal of lee-way to make up, but he has plenty
of time to do it in. According to Dr. Falb, the eminent Austrian
meteorologist, the months of July, August, and September are to
be devoted to this unpleasant process. Throughout all this period
— and particularly in September — what Devonians out of their
experience call ' Barnstaple Fair weather ' is to prevail in England,
Daily Graphic (Apr. 21, 1893) ; Dev.3 A stormy, cold, foggy day is
usually spoken of as Barum-fair-weather, Barum being the local
name for Barnstaple.
BAR-NUT, see Bannut.
BARON, see Barren.
BARR, see Bar.
BARRA, see Barrow.
BARRACAN, sb. Lan. Hmp. Cor. Also in form
barragan ne.Lan.1 ; barragon Cor.12 Fustian.
ne.Lan.1 Hmp. Spinning wool, fer making of barragons, WHITE
Selborne (1788) 13, ed. 1853. Cor. A barracan coat and trousers,
FORFAR Poems (1885) 51 ; Cor.12
[Barracan (in commerce), a kind of woolen stuff, a sort
of camblet, ASH (1795) ; Barracan, a strong thick kind of
camelot, JOHNSON (1755); Barracan, the stuff called
Barracan, MIEGE (1679). Fr. barracan, OUDIN (1642) in
HATZFELD (s.v. Bouracan). Ar. barrakan, camlet.]
BARRAGE, see Barras.
BARRACK, v. n.Irel. [ba'rak.] To brag, to be
boastful of one's fighting powers.
Ant. One boy will say of another ' He's only barracking ' (J.S.).
Hence (i) Barracker, sb. a braggart ; (2) Barracking,
vbl. sb. bragging, boastfulness.
Ant. (i) That fellow's a great barracker (J.S.); (M.B.-S.)
(2) A schoolboy's term, common in Belfast and district (M.B.-S.) ;
(J.s.).
BARRAGE, sb. ? Obs. Chs. An allowance for beer
given to workmen.
Chs.1 Probably now quite obs. Given to the carpenter's two
men for their Barrage, 8d., Goostrey Chwarden. Ace. (1648).
[Beer+ -age ; cp. for suff. mileage.]
BARRAQUAIL, sb. Dev. Also in form barrow-quail
nw.Dev.1 A cross-bar, to which the traces are fastened
in a cart, carriage, &c. ; whippletrees.
Dev. The main object of the barraquail or whippletrees is to form
a draft attachment for the vehicle or implement to be drawn. The
term is still in use at Hartland and in other parts of Dev., but is now
becoming rare (R.P.C.). n.Dev. A barker, barraquail, a bittle,
ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) St. 67. nw-Dev.1
[Barra, prob. conn. w. bar (OFr. barre) + quail, a pin of
wood. Quille de Cliar, the draught-tree whereon the yoke
hangeth, MIEGE (1679). Cp. COTGR. : Quille, a keyl, a big
peg, or pin of wood used at nine pins or keyls. — The form
quail prob. repr. Fr. quille, contam. w. keyl (kail). Quille
and keyl are both identical w. OHG. kegil, a peg of wood
(G. kegel). See Kails.]
BARRAS, sb.1 Obs. Sc. Nhb. Also written barrace
(JAM.). The enclosure or lists within which tournaments
took place.
Sc. We still speak of 'a cock in a barrace,' in allusion to a
Z 2
BARRAS
[172]
BARRING
cock-pit (JAM.1. N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 The word in Barras Bridge in
Newcastle is apparently derived from the lists, or barras, where
knightly encounters took place outside the town in open field.
[He (Macbeth) . . . solistit syndry his liegis with large
money to appele the theuis in barras aganis ane prefixit
day, BELLENDEN Chron. (1536) XII. iv (JAM.); A barras
antetnurale, vallum, Cath. Angl. (1483). Prov. barras
' barre enorme,' MISTRAL.]
BARRAS, sb.2 Dev. [bze'ras.]
1. Canvas or coarse hessian cloth.
Dev. Reports Provinc. (1890).
2. Comp. Barras-apron, aprons of coarse bagging or
hessian.
Dev. I had enough to buy me some barras aprons, Reports
Provinc. (1890) ; Alwes put on a barras apporn til kipyer cloaths
clayne when yu'm tu work, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892).
[Barras, a coarse linen fabric orig. imported fr. Holland,
Drapers' Diet, ; Buckrams, barras and silesia neckcloths,
Land. Gaz. (1714) No. 5240 (N.E.D.).]
BARRAS, sb? Sc. A wire fire-guard.
Edb. Rarely used (W.G.).
BARRATER, sb. Obs. Nhb. e.An. Also written
barrator Nrf.1 A brawler ; an inciter to lawsuits.
Nhb.1 For barratters or disorderly persons, WELFORD Hist, of
Newc. and Gateshead XVI. Cent., 458. Nrf.1 A term of oppro-
brium formerly often levelled at East Anglians, from their litigious
propensities.
BARRED WOODPECKER, sb. Hmp. Som. The
lesser spotted woodpecker, Dendrocopus minor.
Hmp. SWAINSON Birds (1885! 98. Som. [The lesser spotted
woodpecker] is known as the Barred Woodpecker, SMITH Birds
(1887) 285.
BARREL, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
1. A dry measure, varying in different localities and
also with the kind of goods for which it is used. See
below.
Crm., Rs. Of limestone, 32 gallons English, MORTON Cyclo.
Agric. (1863). Kcd. Of flax, 18 pecks, ib. Ir. Twenty stone, Ann.
Agric. (1784-1815) ; Of oats, four bushels (W.W.S.) ; Of barley
[and] rape, 16 stone of 14 Ibs. ; of beans, pease, wheat, and
potatoes, 20 stone ; of malt, 12 stone ; of oats, i stone ; of oat-
meal, 8 stone ; of bran, 6 stone ; of lime, 40 gallons of 217^ cubic
inches each, MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). I.Ma. Of lime
6 Winchester bushels, ib. Wei. Of lime, in some counties,'
3 provincial bushels of 10 gallons each, ib. Suf. Of butter, 256 Ib.,
BAILEY (17311. Ess. Of butter, 106 Ib., ib. nw.Dev.1 A measure
of lime, 2 bushels (?). Obsol.
2. Comp. (i) Barrel-bird, the long-tailed titmouse, Pants
caudatus ; (2) -drain, a round culvert or sewer ; (3) -fever,
sickness caused by excessive drinking; (4) -tears, ale-
(5) -tomtit, Pants caudatus.
(i) [So called with reference to the shape of its nest Poetry
Provinc. in Cornh. Mag. (1865) XII. 36.] (2) Ken. This is a cylin-
drical dram or sewer made of masonry (P.M.) ; Ken.1 (3) w Yks *
Chs.i Cant. He died of the barrel fever, Life B. M. Carew
(r79i)- (4) Lan. Never bin use't to dhrinkin' nowt stranger nor
barrel-tears, BRIERLEY Layrock (1864) iii. (5)Brks.i The long-
tailed titmouse, so called from the shape of its nest.
3. Phr. a good man round a barrel, a man fond of drink.
s.Wor. (H.K.) ; s-Wor.1 A good man round a barrel, but no
cooper.
4. The belly of a horse.
n.Yks.2 w.Som.i Ee du mizh-ur wuul een dhu baa'ree-ul, ee
kn kaa-r-z diin-ur lau-ng wai un, ee- kan [he measures well
round the body, he can carry his dinner along with him, he can]
Very often I have heard the above praise of a stout-bodied horse.
5. A round or barrel-shaped part of a loom or spinning-
wheel. See below.
Fif .We pulled the cards on the barrel!, ROBERTSON Provost
(1894) 127. Shr.i Obs. An appendage proper to the little wheel
[used for spinning hemp and flax], a reel round which the linen
yarn was wound as it was spun. It was, in form, somewhat like
dumb-bell of slender proportions. The cylinder was hollow, to
admit the spindle, and one of its circular ends was flat and capable
of being removed: when the reel was required to be put on the
spindle, this end was taken off for that purpose, and being again
screwed on, the whole affair was ready for the rotatory operation
of winding. The yarn was conducted to the barrel through the
upper part of two ' wings,' as they were called.-pieces of wood,
curved somewhat like the 'merry-thought' of a fowl, — permanently
affixed near to the extremity of the spindle : the barrel, when put
on at the opposite end, was pushed up to these ' wings,' which
extended beyond its circumference, and thus regulated the
quantity of yarn it was required to hold.
6. The curve of the surface of a road.
n.Yks. TUKE Agric. (iSool 153.
BARREN, sb. and adj. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin. War.
Mtg. Ken. Som. Nfld. Also in form baron w.Yks. •
barran Wm.1 ; barren n.Yks.2 w.Yks. [ba'ran, bee-ran.]'
1. sb. The external part of a cow's sexual organs ; also
the womb.
Wm. In regular use (B.K.); Wm.1 n.Yks.1 The cow seems
to be the only animal to which the word is applicable n.Yks 2
w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. ; (J.T.) ; (C.W.H.); w.Yks.i, ne.Lan.1 Lin.
STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes (1884) 316 ; MILLER & SKERTCHLY
Fenland (1878) 126. n.Lin.1, Lei. (K.) [It will swell ... in the
barren and the teats of the bag, KNOWLSON Cattle Doctor (18^41
I5-]
2. A heifer, cow, or sheep that has ceased to breed. See
Barrener.
Mtg. Three barrens were seized for tithe, TV. & Q. (1887) 7th S.
iv. no. Ken. The old ewes, here called barrens, are put to
fattening as soon as their milk is dried after the third lamb,
MARSHALL Review (1817) V. 450 ; (P.M.)
3. adj. Of animals : not with young, not pregnant. Of
persons : having no offspring.
ne.Lan.1 Chs.1 It does not at all imply any incapacity for
breeding. War. (J.R.W.) Ken. The Word implies that the animal
is being kept for fattening (P. M.). w.Som.1 One invariable question
put by the buyer of a cow for grazing, before he completes the
bargain, is : Wuol yiie wau-rn ur baa'reen ? [will you warrant her
barren ?] A barren animal may have had any number of offspring.
[Nfld. Applied to men as well as women. ' I have three children
and he is a barren man,' an applicant for charity will plead (G.P.).]
4. Comp. (i) Barren-flat, a broad extent of unproductive
land ; (2) -spring, water unfit for irrigation, non-fertil-
izing.
(i) Chs.1, War. (J.R.W.) (2) w.Som.1 ' Ted-n geod wau-dr,
tez u baar-een spring,' was said to me by a tenant of a stream of
water running near a farmyard. Though clear and tasteless,
cattle will not readily drink it ; they prefer the foulest ditch water.
Probably it is too cold for them.
BARRENER, sb. War. Ken. Sus. Dor. Som.
[bas-ran3(r).] A cow not in calf. Occas. applied to
a barren ewe. See Barren, 56.
War. (J.R.W.) Ken. (P.M.) Sus. A barren cow or ewe,
HOLLOWAY. w.Eng., Dor. N. & Q. (1887) 7th S. iv. 213. Som. He
was wondering what two young barreners would be likely to fetch
to [at] Bridgetown winter fair, RAYMOND Love and Quiet Life ( 1894)
219 ; Heavy fat steer, three fresh barreners, &c., Wellington Wkly.
News (Apr. 8, 1896) i, col. i ; W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 A cow
which has borne one or more calves, but is not now in calf. One
barrener, two young barreners, one excellent shorthorn barrener,
Som. Co. Gas. (Apr. i, 1882). Four good young dairy cows in
milk and in calf, one barrener in milk, Advt. Wellington Wkly.
News (Oct. 15, 1885).
BARRIE, sb. 'Sc.
1. An infant's flannel petticoat or swaddling cloth. Cf.
bar, barrow, sb*
Sc. (JAM.), Abd. (W.M.), Per. (G.W.)
2. A woman's petticoat (JAM.).
BARRIER, si. Nhb. Dur. [ba-riar.] A pillar of coal
leit between royalties or districts of working, for security
against casualty arising from water or foul air.
N.Cy.i, Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. Barriers are left of various thick-
nesses, according to supposed necessity, from 10 to 50 yards,
'TREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
BARRIKIN, sb. Lon. Slang. High-flown language ;
gibberish, jargon.
Slang. The high words in a tragedy we call jaw-breakers, and
sa we can t tumble to that barrikin, MAYHEW Land. Labour
51) I- 15 I There's nothing o' that sort among us ; the rich has
all that barrikin to themselves, ib 25
BARRING, prp. Sc. Irel. Cum. Yks. Lan. Stf. Der.
-m. Also Som. [ba'rin.]
1. Used as prep. : excepting, except. Also in phr.
batnngof.
Rnf. Barin' Jean Broon, the hale o' the women, NEILSON Poems
BARRING OUT
BARROW
(1877) 52. Ir. You'll have my blessin' for it, an' barrin' the priest's
barrin' the bit of ribbon, and the rapin'-hook. BARLOW Lisconncl
(1895) 101 ; In everyday use (P.J.M.). s.Ir. I drink anything . . .
barring raw water, CROKER Leg. (1862) 217. Cum.1 You may
hev any of my kye barrin t'black an'. n.Yks.2 w.Yks. Barrin'
t'nobill, t'steyl o' t'stick wor as gooid as ivver, Yksman. (1888"
223, col. 2 ; w.Yks.5 Nobbud hersen an' five cats to keep, barrin'
t'parson, 183. Lan. Barrin th' rottans comin' a'-nibblin' at one's
legs, BRIERLEY Cast upon World (1886) 167 ; Aw loikt thees
pikturs uz weel uz awt aw'd sin, barrin th' peep sho, Sam Sond-
knocko; 12. Der. There's not a many . . . barrin' o' me, VERNEY
Stone Edge (1868) vii. n.Lin. I was laid up for a month barrin'
three days, PEACOCK R. Skirlaiigh (1870) II. 108 ; n.Lin.1 I'll goa
wi" y& ony day barrin' Thursda', that's Brigg markit. w.Som.1
Aa'l bee dhae-er, baa'reen musaa-ps [I will be there, barring
accidents]. Baa-reen lats yiie shl shoa-ur t-ab-m [barring hin-
drances occur, you shall (be) sure to have it].
2. Used as conj. : unless, except that.
Ir. He's too young to marry for some years to come, barrin' he
got a fortune, CARLETON Fardorougha (1848) v ; They were cliver
and clane run out of all their writin' paper, barrin' it might be
a sort of butt-ind of loose sheets, BARLOW Lisconnel (1895) 183.
w.Ir. Barrin' they were used to sportin', LOVER Leg. (1848) I. 91.
w.Yks. It's as good as new, barrin it wants a glass in, HARTLEY Sects
(1895) iii. Stf.2 Oi've naught agen 'im barrin 'e's tiu fond on 'is beer.
[Barring, excepting, ASH (1795) ; Barring the wrong
done to religion, MORE Antid. Ath. (1656) III. ix (N.E.D.j.
BARRING OUT, phr. Obsol. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Win.
Yks. Lan. Der. The annual custom among schoolboys,
usually observed shortly before Christmas, of shutting
out the schoolmaster from the room or house, in order to
demand a holiday, £c.
n.Cy. The breaking up of a school at the great holidays when
the boys within bar the door against the master, GROSE (1790)
MS. add. (P.) Nhb.1 On the 6th of December [St. Nicholas' Day]
the schoolmaster found the school door locked in his face and
barricaded with forms to prevent his entrance until the scholars
within obtained from him in writing a list of holidays for the
ensuing year. Obsol. (s.v. Nicholas'- Day). Dur. The custom is re-
tained in the Grammar school in the city of Durham, where the
scholars bar out the master, and forcibly obtain from him what
they call Orders. . . . There is a similar custom at the school of
Houghton-le-Spring, BRAND Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1849) 441 ; Dur.1
A custom in some of the smaller schools in the north. [Some-
times also] on the day of ' breaking up ' for the holidays, a small
subscription is entered into and a mixture made of ale, sweetened
and seasoned so as to be agreeable. The song or glee is then
introduced. Cum. Auld fwok like me hev seen some rare barrins"
oot, RICHARDSON Talk (1886) 19; Cum.1 Cum., Wm. In
September or October the master is locked out of the school by
the scholars, who, previous to his admittance, give an account of
the different holidays for the ensuing year, which he promises to
observe, and signs his name to the orders, as they are called, with
two bondsmen. The return of these signed orders is the signal
of capitulation ; the doors are immediately opened ; beef, beer,
and wine deck the festive board ; and the day is spent in mirth,
BRAND Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1849) 450. Wm. Weed pae t'maestre off
fort when t'barrin'-oot dae com, Spec. (1880) pt. ii. 9. w.Yks. Hlfx,
Wds. \ (J.T.) ; w.Yks.1 Enjoyed by schoolboys at the approaching
holidays ; w.Yks.2 The barring-out took place on the last day of
April. Lan. About the commencement of the present century, a
barring-out took place at Ormskirk Grammar School, a few days
before the usual period of the Christmas holidays, BRAND Pop.
Antiq. (ed. 1849) 444- nXan.1 The door being secured, two
captains were elected ; generally the selection was influenced by
the position and circumstances of the parents. Each captain
then selected a clerk, who entered the names of the boys as they
were called to their respective sides. The school was then
divided into two parties, and the preliminaries were then settled
for a game at football on the holiday which the master was sure to
grant. ne.Lan.1 An ancient custom at schools, until lately preva-
lent, when the boys at the commencement of harvest bar out the
master from the school, and demand the day's holiday. Der.12
Towards the end of November, when days are short, the boys
were wont to fasten the door upon the master, and not to let him
enter till he had granted them certain conditions, &c. ; but this
is in a manner now left off. nw.Der.1
BARRIOTE, sb. Obsol. s.Wal. A fence across a
stream.
s.Pem. LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 418 ; Gen. limited to a fence
across a mill-stream. Obsol. (W.M.M.)
[Prob. of Fr. origin. Barre + -iote. For the suff. cp.
BARROUGHED, ppl. adj. Obsol. n.Irel. Of a cow :
having the hind legs tied up while being milked.
n.Ir. Well known here among older men, but fast disappearing.
A cow is barroughed either by tying one hind leg to the other, or
by tying the hind leg to an iron stake or pin driven in to the
ground. A cow tied by the horns was said to be barroughed
(A. J.I.) ; N.I.1
BARROW, s*.1 Nhb. Yks. Lan. Der. Glo. Bdf. Hrt.
e.An. Ken. Hmp. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written
barra Suf.1 ; barro, borro Cor.1 ; borrow nw.Dev.1
[ba'ra, bae-ra, bo'ra.]
1. A gelt pig.
Yks. If the rind be fat and the fat remarkably tender it is not
boar-brawn but barrow or sow, Yks. Wkly. Post (Sept. 22, 1883) 3 ;
w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. Der.1 Obs. Dev. 01. Times (Feb. 26, 1886) 2,
col. 2 ; Dev.1 n.Dev. Es must ha' wone that es can trest ... to
zar the lit and the Barra, Exm. Crtshp. (1746) 1. 409 ; GROSE
(1790) ; An whare tha busk and barras be, ROCK Jim an' Nell
(1867) st. 5. nw-Dev.1, Cor.1
2. Comp. (i) Barrow-hog, (2) -pig, a gelt pig; (3) the
smallest pig of a litter ; cf. Anthony-pig.
(i) Lan.1 Hrt. ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) V. i. Ken. (P.M.)
Hmp. Barrow-hogs have small tusks like sows, WHITE Selborne
(1788) 149, ed. 1853. (2) N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 n.Yks.2 Also called hog-
pigs. Glo.12 Bdf. BATCHELOR Anal. Eng. Lang. (1809). Hmp.1
Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863) ; The little curly-tailed barrow pig, HARDY
Trumpet Major (i88o)xvi. Som. jENNiNGsOAs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825);
W. &J. Gl. (1873). w-Som.1 Never heard alone, or otherwise than
with ' pig." It could not be said ' the pig is barrow ' — it is always
' 'tis a barrow-pig.' Dev. Now, vathur, when yu go'th tu market,
dawntee vurgit til buy a peg. Have a barrow-peg, not a zow,
HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892). (3) e.An.1 The Pitman has the same
meaning, and perhaps is more general ; also called a Dodman.
Nrf.1 The smallest and shrillest grunter of the litter. Suf.1
[1. Brestes of barowes bat bryghte ware to schewe,
Morte Arth. 191 (MATZNER). OE. beargh. Cp. ON. bo'rgr.
EFris. barg (KOOLMAN). LG. borg, barg (BERGHAUS). 2.
A barrow-hog, Porous Majalis. A barrow-pig, Porcus
castratus, a lib'd or gelded hog, ROBERTSON Phras. (1693) ;
Porcchastre, a hog, or barrow-hog. . . . Garret, a little sheat,
or barrow-pig, COTGR.]
BARROW, v. and sb.2 Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Chs.
Stf. Lin. War. Wor. Glo. Nrf. [ba-ra, bae'ra.]
L v. To carry in a wheelbarrow.
n.Lin.1 Barra' them few taaties i'to steam-hoose.
2. sb. Comp. (i) Barrow-backed, bent from heavy work,
such as wheeling barrows; (2) -drill, see below; (3) -hale,
the handle of a wheelbarrow ; (4) -man, a mason's assis-
tant, who carries mortar on a handbarrow ; a lame beggar
carried from house to house in a barrow ; in coal mines,
a ' putter,' who pushes the tubs of coal from the working
places to the flats or stations ; (5) -steel, the handle of
a wheelbarrow ; (6) -tram, the shaft of a wheelbarrow ;
applied jocularly to a raw-boned person ; (7) -way, the
tram-road in a coal-pit along which ' barrows ' of coal were
carried ; (8) -woman, see -man.
(i) Cum. There I sat, a poor barrow-back't creature, CAINE
Shad. Crime (1885) 9 ; Cum.3 I gat past my prime, Jwohn
barrow-back't and grey, 50. (2) n.Lin.1 Barrow-drill, a small drill
which is pushed forward by hand like a wheelbarrow. (3) n.Lin.1
(4) Sc. I will give you to know that old masons are the best
barrowmen, Perils of Man, II. 326 (JAM.) ; An auld mason makes
a good barrow-man, RAMSAY Prov. (1737) ; Two of the inmates of
one house carried the beggar to the next house, and so on from
one to another (W.G.). Nhb., Dur. Formerly, before the application
of tramways underground, coals used to be conveyed in barrows,
whence the name barrowman, GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
Nhb.1 Trams in a pit were formerly worked by putters and barrow-
men, the latter pulling before, and the former putting or thrusting
behind : boys about fifteen or sixteen years old are employed
in this department of the colliery, HODGSON Descr. of Felling
Colliery (c. i8ia). There is another sort of labourers which are
BARROW
[174]
BARS
called Barrow-men, or Coal-Potters ; these persons take the
hewed coal from the hewers as they work them, or as fast as
they can, and filling the corves with these wrought coals, put
or pull away the full corves of coals, which are set, when
empty, upon a sledge of wood, and so ' hailed ' all along the
barrow-way to the pit shaft by two or three persons, one
before and another behind the corfe, J. C. Compleai Collier (1708)
36. (5) Rxb. When man and wife draw well together, each is
said to keep up his or her ain barrow-steel. The phr. may have
been orig. applied to the bearing, by different persons, of a load
on a barrow (JAM.). (6) Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.); (JAM.);
Ye black barrow-tram of the kirk that ye are, SCOTT Guy M.
(1815) xlvi. (7) Nhb. Cowped corves i' the barrow-way, WILSON
Pitman's Pay (1843) 30 ; Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. Barrow-way, tram road
between the face and the flat along which the putters take the
tubs, NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888). (8) Sc. (W.G.)
3. Phr. (i) Go on with your barrow, mind your own
business, 'get along with you'; (2) it's just my barrow,
about my barrow, it suits me, it is what I am capable of
doing ; (3) you never know till you take the barrow back, you
cannot judge of a matter until the end.
(i) ne.Wor. To a person who is hindering the progress of work
by talking or by raising foolish objections, the retort is sometimes,
' Come, go on [or, get along] with your barrow ' (J. W.P.). Nrf.
Go on wi' yer barrer an take away yer chips (E.M.). (2) War.
' It's just my barra' is commonly heard in Birmingham, A'. &" Q.
(1889) 7th S. viii. 326. Stf., War., Wor., Glo. ' That's about my
barrow' signifies that some job, action, or feat is within the
speaker's capacity, NORTHALL Flk-Phrases (1894). (3) w.Yks.
This is a common saying in Sheffield, meaning that you do not
know the result of a thing until you take the barrow back
(S.O.A.).
4. In a coal-pit : the sledge or tram on which ' corves '
were ' hailed ' or carried to the flats or stations from the
working places. Obs.
Nhb.l
5. In salt-mines or works : a conical wicker basket in
which salt is put to drain ; a salt-maker's tub.
Chs. RAY (1691) ; (K.) ; The waller places a barrow, as it is
called, within the pan, MARSHALL Review (1818) II. 93 ; Chs.1
At the present day at Northwich the tubs are so called which are
used in making lump salt ; Chs.3 A barrow contained about six
pecks. Wor. Used at Droitwich (K.).
Hence Barrow-maker, sb. a man who makes barrows
for salt-mines.
Chs.13
BARROW, sb? Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Wor. Glo. Pern.
Brks. Ken. Dor. Cor. [ba'ra, bae'ra.]
1. A hill ; the side of a rocky hill ; a large heap of stones.
Freq. in place-names.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; HOLLOWAY. Cum. Latterbarrow and Gow-
barrow [are names of hills], LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 215. w.Yks.
HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781). ne.Lan.1 The side of a rocky hill;
quite as often, or oftener, the hill itself, particularly the top or
conical part of the hill. In names Torrisholme barrows, How-
barrow, &c. s.Wor. Berrow, a hill (H.K.).
2. A tumulus or sepulchral mound ; freq. in place-names.
Also in cotnp. Barrow-hill.
Wm. I grovel amongst these knots and barrows, HUTTON Bran
New Wark (1785) 1. 70 ; Wm.1 Applied to hills which have been
used as burial places. m.Yks.1 Glo. GROSE (1790) MS. add.
(H.) Brks.1 Barrow hill, an ancient tumulus. Dor. Common in
place-names. Several occur in the Isle of Purbeck, such as Nine
Barrow Down, near Corfe, and Creech Barrow, a large mound on
the summit of a hill in the Purbeck range. ' It's a hard pull to the
top o' the Barrow,' said an old woman near Creech Grange
(J.B.P.). Cor.2
3. Comp. (i) Barrow-, Barra-mouth, an adit or level
dug in a hillside ; (2) -pence, coins found in a tumulus ;
(3) -roses, the burnet-leaved rose, Rosa spinosissima.
(i) Cum. There are several entrances to the coal-mines at
Whitehaven by inclined passages ; these are called Beermouths
or Bearmouths. There are also two or three drifts from the
surface at a place s. of Whitehaven which gets its name Barra-
mouth or Barrowmouth from this circumstance. It's awesome to
see him in his barramouth in the fell side, CAINE Shad. Crime
( 1885) 29 ; Cum.1 (s.v. Beermouth). (2) Ken.1 Borrow-pence. Obs.
(3) Pern. Possibly so called from their growth [at Tenbyl on sand-
hills near the sea.
[Barrow (a local word), a hillock under which, it is
supposed, the dead bodies of those who fell in battle were
buried, ASH (1795) ; Barrow, tumulus, SKINNER (1671) ;
Those round hills, which in the plains of Wiltshire are . . .
by the inhabitants termed barrowes, CHALONER in Vale
Royall (1656) IV. 10 (N.E.D.); These hillockes, in the
West Countrie . . . are called barowes, LAMBARD Peramb.
Kent (1576) 341. OE. beorh; CP- Luke iii. 5, jelc munt
and beorh (euery hil and litil hil, WYCLIK (1388).]
BARROW, sb* Dur. Chs. [ba'ra.] A grove, copse,
dingle.
Dur. (K.) Chs.1 Also called a Burrow, q. v.
[Barrow (a local word), a grove, ASH (1795) ; Berwe, or
schadewe (berowe, Pynson, 1499), Umbraculum, umbra,
Prompt. OE. bearu (gen. bearwes), a grove, wood. Cp.
ON. dorr (gen. pi. borwa }, a tree.]
BARROW, sb? Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Shr. Pern. Som.
[ba'ra, bavra.]
1. An infant's flannel swathe or pilch. Also called
Barrie, Bar, q.v.
n-Yks.1 The flannel in which a newly-born infant is received
from the hands of the accoucheur. w.Yks. 2 3 A flannel garment
for an infant between the chemise and the ' lapping piece.'
s.Pem. Gi" me that clean barro, I moost change this child
CW.M.M.). Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
2. Comp. Barrow-, Barra-coat, an infant's first under-
dress ; a child's flannel petticoat or nightdress.
N.I.1 A long flannel petticoat, open in front. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
Cum. Hand owre the barra-cwot for mey bairn, ANDERSON Ballads
(ed. 1840) 55 ; Cum.1 n.Yks. (I.W.)
3. A child's pinafore.
Shr.1 Oud your barrow, Polly, for some apples.
BARROW-DITCH, sb. Obs. Ken. Also written
•dick. A small ditch.
Ken. In the beginning of this century, before the roads were
macadamized, step-faggots were placed on one side of the road to
form a footpath, and a barrow-ditch extended from and at right
angles to the footpath into the road. These occurred at regular
intervals, draining the surface water from the road, and also
compelling carts, &c., to keep off the footpath (P.M.) ; Paid W.
Masters for making 76 Rods of Barrow ditch att three halfpence
a rod, 095. o6d., Warehome Highway Bk. (Dec. 26, 1753).
Hence Barrow-ditching, vbl. sb. making a barrow-
ditch.
Ken. Paid James Ifield for 62 Rods barrow Dicking, 105. qd.,
Orlestone Highway Bk. (Nov. 28, 1 784).
BARROW-QUAIL, see Barraquail.
BARR-TREE, sb. Yks. Also written bartree w.Yks.
The frame on which webs are warped.
w.Yks. A rectangular wooden frame, upon the vertical sides of
which stout pins are placed, and the warp yarn is placed from side
to side to the required length and width, to form the ' web,' or
' warp.' The distance apart (side to side) of the pins was 10 feet,
and this length, known as a ' string,' is still the measure of length
for ' webs ' or ' warps ' (W.T.) ; Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 8, 1884) 8.
BARRY, v. Sc. Nhb. Written barrie (JAM. Suppl.)
[ba'ri.] To thrash corn.
w. & s.Sc. Expresses continued action, as ' I've barriedsome nine
hours the day' JAM. Suppl.). Nhb.1
[Here bis boy is, je bade vs go bary With battis, York
Plays, 334; Bi streyt beryd paththis, WYCLIF (1382)
Judges v. 6. ON. berja, to beat, thrash. Cp. barowe,
triturare, LEVINS Manip. (1570).]
BARRY, adj. w.Yks. [ba'ri.] Of cloth : having a
flaw or defect running across the piece in bars.
w.Yks. Any defects in goods, caused by maker, dyer, or finisher,
which are in the form of marks across the piece, would be called
' barry.' Similar defects running lengthways of the piece would be
called 'stripey.' Both terms are in common use (J.F.) ; (R.H.R.) ;
(S.K.C.)
BARRYHAM, see Bargham.
BARS, sb. pi.1 Obsol. Sc. Yks. A schoolboys' game.
Sc. There is a rustic game called base or bars, and in some
places prisoner's bars, STRUTT Sports (1801) 63 (JAM.). e.Yks.
This word is now quite extinct in my district (R.S.). w.Yks. Two
corners of the playground were marked off as places for retreat
About a dozen big boys, formed into two sides, took as many small
boys on their backs, and issued from their respective corners. The
BARS
[i75]
BARTON
small boys of one side attempted to drag the small boys of the other
off the backs of their riders. A boy became a 'prisoner' on being
dismounted. The game was won when all the small boys of a side
had been captured (M.F.).
[So ran they all as they had been at bace, They being
chased that did others chase, SPENSER F. Q. v. viii. 5 ; Lads
more like to run The country base, than to commit such
slaughter, SHAKS. Cyntb. v. lii. 20; Barres, the play at
Bace, or Prison Bars, COTGR. ; Bal and bares and suche
play, Out of chyrchesorde put a-way, MYRC Inst. Par.
Priests (1450) 336. OFr. (jeu de) barres (LA CURNE).]
BARS, sb. pi? Stf.
1. A rest from work.
Stf.2 The full expression is ' five bars,' or a ' five bars' rest.'
Wein av foiv barz na, an 3 drou 3 bakor.
2. Peace, truce.
Stf.2 In quite ordinary use.
BARSALE, see Barksele.
BARSE, sb. Irel. Cum. Wm. The perch, Perca
fluviatilis.
Wxf. (P.J.M.) Cum. Talkin Tarn . . . abounds with perch,
called in the Inquisition of 3131 Elizabeth, barces, HUTCHINSON
Hist. Cum. (1794) I. 131. Wm. (K.)
[Barse (a local word), a perch, ASH (1795) ; Barse, in
Ichthyology, an English name for the common pearch,
CHAMBERS Cyclop. (1788) ; A barse, fishe, tincha, LEVINS
Manip. (1570). OE. beers, ' lupus,' Ep. Gloss. (SWEET
O.E.T. 472). See Base, sb.]
BARSEL, see Barksele.
BARSEN, v. Der.1 pp. of burst.
BARSHAM, see Bargham.
BARSK, adj. Sc. QAM.) Harsh, husky.
BARST, sb. s.Chs. [bast.] A loud noise.
s.Chs.1 Th)skwib' went of widh u praat'i baa-rst [th' squib
went off with a pratty barst].
[Cp. OE. berstan, to burst.]
BARST, v. Sc. Lan. Chs. Der. Past tense of burst.
Fif. Big bluidy draps . . . barst out, TENNANT Papistry (1827)
182. Lan. GROSE (1790). Chs. Owd Betty barst aht i' a flud o' tears,
CLOUGH B. Bresskittle (1879) 8 ; Chs.12 ; Chs.3 He's welly fit to
barst [he's almost ready to burst]. Der.1
[He barst neih heore ribbes, P. Plowman (c. 1370) (A.)
vii. 165 ; }>e grete barrej of be abyme he barst vp at one},
Allit. P. (c. 1360) 963. OE. barst, pret. of berstan.]
BARSTEN, v. Chs.23 [ba'san.] pp. of burst.
BAR-STONE, sb. Obs. or obsol. Sc. Nhb. In form
barra-styen Nhb.1 An upright stone in a fireplace, to
which the bars of the grate are fixed ; the stone seat in
an ' ingle neuk.'
Per. Such grates are now almost unknown (G.W.). Rxb. GAM.)
Nhb. Still in use (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.1 This was frequently a disused and
inverted ' creein trou ' or ' bear-stone.'
BAR-TENDER, sb. w. Yks. One who keeps or manages
a bar for refreshments.
w.Yks. Engine-tenter, bar-tender are in current use with other
combinations of tent, tend, to mind, but they would seem to be
giving way to more modern terms (B.K.) ; Aw axed th' bartender
if he'd onny, HARTLEY Lundun, 53.
BARTER, sb. and v. Slang, [ba'ta(r).]
1. sb. A half-volley at cricket ; a hard hit.
Slang. Barter . . . was so renowned for the tremendous force
with which he was wont to swipe the ball commonly known to
cricketers as a ' half-volley,' that it actually changed its name in
the Wykehamical vocabulary . . . and bore the name of a barter,
ADAMS Wykchamica (1878) 327 ; FARMER ; BARRERE & LELAND ;
SHADWELL Wyke. Slang (1859-1864).
2. v. To hit a half-volley at cricket.
Slang. SHADWELL Wyke. Slang (1859-1864) ; BARRERE &
LELAND.
EARTH, sb. Nrf. Suf. Ess. Ken. Dev. Also written
barfNrf.1 [bab.]
1. A warm place or pasture for calves or lambs ; a shelter
for cattle.
e-An.1, Nrf.1 Suf. RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 288, ed. 1849; MOR-
TON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). Ess. Warme barth giue lams, Good food
to their dams, TUSSER Husbandrie (1580) 73, st. 26. s.Cy. GROSE
(1790) ; RAY (1691). Ken.1, Dev.1 [(K.)]
Hence Barthless, adj. houseless.
Dev. w. Times (Feb. 26, 1886) 2, col. 2; Dev.1 'Tis a poor
barthless and motherless child, her said, 19.
2. Comp. Earth-house, a shed or ground floor open at
the side.
Nrf.1 The barf house is the Yarmouth term for the shed where
the first stage in curing herrings takes place.
[Barth (obs.), a warm pasture for young cattle, ASH
(1795); so KERSEY (1715), BAILEY (1721), COLES (1677).
Prob. a der. of OE. beorgan, to protect, shelter. The
relation of the form barth to barf is obscure.]
BARTLE, sb.1 Sc. Yks. Som. Written bartill HAM.).
[ba-tl.]
1. A contraction for St. Bartholomew.
n.Yks.3 The word is preserved in the name of ' Reeth Bartle
Fair,' a fair held at Reeth on St. Bartholomew's Day.
2. Comp. (i) Bartle-day, (2) -mas, St. Bartholomew's
Day, Aug. 24.
(i) Sc. (JAM.) (2) w.Som.1 Bartlemas fair held August 24th,
called also Bathemy fair [baa'thumee].
BARTLE, sb.2 Obs. Wm. The large pin in the game
of nine-pins.
Wm. At nine-pins or ten banes they have one larger bone set
about a yard before the rest call'd the bartle, and to knock down
the bartle gives for five in the game (K.); Wm.1 Obs., but still
remembered by old dalesmen.
BARTLE-KNOT, sb. Obsol. Nhb. The knot nearest
the ground in straw.
Nhb. The bartle-knot was a guide to the shearer when corn
was cut by hand, and was at that time in gen. use, though now
seldom heard (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.1
BARTON, sb. Glo. Oxf. e.An. Sus. Hmp. Wil. Dor.
Som. Dev. Cor. [ba'tan.]
1. A farm-yard ; a rick-yard ; the outbuildings at the
back of a farm-house ; also called Barken, Backside, q.v.
Glo. The yard or court where the corn-ricks and mows are
made, called the Rick-barton, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) ; The
whole barton and the beasts an' all ud ha' perished, GISSING
Vill. Hampden (1890) I. xi ; Glo.1 Also specifically ' the cow
barton,' a yard with a shed. e.An.1 Used also for a poultry-yard.
Sus. GROSE (1790); Sus.12 w.Cy. A cow barton, a hay barton, &c.,
MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). Hmp. (J.R.W.) ; LISLE Obs. Hush.
(1757) ; Hmp.1 WU. A rick-barton (K.) ; Wil.1 Formerly in very
common use, but now displaced by yard (s.v. Barken). Dor.
N. & Q. (1883) 6th S. vii. 366; Then they drove the animals back
to the barton, or sat down to milk them on the spot, HARDY Tess
(1891)168. w.Dor. (C.V.G.) Som.SwEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885);
W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; The poultry in the yard were seen flying for
refuge«to a covered barton, COMPTON Winscombe Sketches (1882)
98 ; While out in th' barton th' bullicks da stan, PULMAN Sketches
(1853) 19; All the cattle had been driven into the stalls which
surrounded the barton, RAYMOND Misterton's Mistake (1888) 29.
n.Som. Let proper stalls and bartons be erected as a residence for
the cows, MARSHALL Review (1818) II. 527. w.Som.1 That part of
the farm premises which is specially enclosed for cattle ; very
freq. called the stroa baa-rteen, because it is here that large
quantities of straw are strewed about to be eaten and trodden into
manure. It is very common to reserve in leases the use of bartons,
&c. for certain periods after the expiration of the term, for the
consumption of the fodder, which must not be sold for removal.
The enclosure for corn and hay-stacks is called the maew-baar'teen.
Dev. YQ can take a short cut acrass the barton ; there's a gap in
tha hadge that yd can git dril, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) ; Dev.1
n.Dev. In and out of the house and through the precincts of the
farm-yard or barton as he [an Exmoor clergyman] called it,
WHYTE-MELVJLLE Katerfelto (1875) 142. sw.Dev. PENGELLY
P.rovinc. (1875).
2. Hay raked up in rows.
Glo.1. Oxf.1 MS. add.
3. A large farm, esp. the demesne lands of a manor ; a
farm-house.
Oxf. A farm over 300 acres (M.A.R.). e-An.1 Obs. Formerly the
demesne land of the lord of the manor ; not let out on lease,
but held by the lord, in his own hands, for the sustenance of
his household. Cmb.1 Obs. Sus.1 w.Dor. ROBERTS Hist. Lymt
Regis (1834). w-Som.1 Applied to the entire farm and homestead,
but in this case only to the more important farms ; very often
it is the manor farm, or the principal holding in the parish,
whether occupied by the owner or not — generally not. In these
BARVEL
[176]
BASH
cases the farm, including the homestead, generally takes the name
of the parish preceding the barton, as Sampford Barton, &c.
Dev. They call a great farm a Berton, a small farm a Living (K.) ;
MOORE Hist. Dev. (1829) I. 353; There were in it some three or
four gentle families, of as good blood as the Lord of the Manor,
inhabiting bartons, BARING-GOULD Old Cy. Life (1890) i ; Dev.1
innflDlting' Dkuu/uo) j-m*vn'<v.»~vjvui,u *^/ui i— y. •t->t/& 110001 i ; jjcv.*
n.Dev. An' thees day month, if all be well, All meet ta Whitveel
Bartin, ROCK Jim an' AW/ (1867) 14 ; A capital farm, also a grange
belonging to an abbey, GROSE(i79o) MS. add. (H.) : Taken shelter
at the Barten as he'd gone that way about, CHANTER Witch (1896)
109. w.Dev. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796) I. 101. Cor. Monthly
Mag. (1808) II. 422 ; Cor.1 ; Cor.2 MS. add.
[1. Barton, the outhouses belonging to a farm or mansion
house, the courtyard, ASH (1795); Barton, a backside,
fold-yard or out-house, BAILEY (1721) ; Barton, a coop to
keep poultry in, KERSEY (1715) ; so COLES (1677), COOPER
l^s), s.v. Conors; Barton or place enclosed where
husbandry is vsed, cohors, HULOET (1552). 3. Barton, the
demesne lands of a manor, a manor house, ASH (1795) ;
Barton, ' Prcedium Dominicum, vel Terras quas vocant Donii-
nicales, hoc est, quas in distributione Manerii, Dominus
non elocavit haereditarie, sed alendse suae familiae causa,
propriis manibus reservavit. Vox in Devonia & plaga
occidental] bene nota,' SPELMAN (1687) ; Barton in the
West signifies demeans, lands, and sometimes the manor
house, BLOUNT (1670) ; That part of the demaines, which
appertaineth to the lord's dwelling house they call his
barten_or berton, CAREW Cornwall (1602) 36 (N.E.D.).— OE.
bere-tun, a corn-farm, barley-enclosure.]
BARVEL, sb. Ken. Cor. Nfld. Also in form barbel
Ken.1; barvil Cor.12; barwell Cor.12 [ba-vl, ba-bl.]
1. A short leather apron, used by washerwomen.
Ken. LEWIS /. Tenet (1736) 51 ; Ken."12
2. A leather apron or petticoat worn by fishermen, when
hauling in their nets.
Ken. Still used by the Folkestone fishermen, particularly by the
netters, who stay out many hours. It is a kind of apron or petti-
coat waterproof, with a bib fastening over the neck, known as a
barbel (W.F.S.) ; Ken.1 Cor.12 [Nfld. A tanned sheepskin used
by nsnermen, and also by splitters, as an apron to keep the legs
dry, PATTERSON Trans. Amer. Fit-Lore Soc. (1894!.]
[Of a bole hyde ben here barmfellys, Rel. Ant. (c.
I. 240 (MATZNER). Barm, sb.*+/ell (skin). Cp. I
sit in. I
. BARWAY, sb. Ken. Sur. Sus. [ba-wei.] A gateway
in which the bars fit into holes in the posts and can be
taken out separately.
Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1 w.Ken., e.Sus. HOLLOWAY. Sur.1, Sus.1
BAR WEED, 56. Som. Convolvulus arvensis.
BARWELL. see Barvel.
T B-AuS«M' 5*' ?tf- Black earthenware, introduced by
Josiah Wedgwood.
Stf.2 Common black teapots are called basalt ware.
BA-SANG,*«A Nhb. Also written by-song Nhb ' An
exclamation of surprise.
Nhb.1 Ba-sang ! but he'll get it het noo. By-sang ! thor'd a been
a bonny wark, if aa hadn't getten there.
)f Fr. origin Cp. Fr. bon sang!, bon sang de bon Dieu,
oaths used by the common people (DELESALLE) • Sangov
nfvff> ^.jD'^'rust'c oaths (MIEGE and COTGR.). Equivs!
of E .'Sblood(SHAKs.), i. e. Cod's Blood. '}
BASCH, see Bash.
h»^rE' * w Cum-TWm,- Yks- Lan- Hmp. Also written
bass Cum. Wm. ne.Lan.1 [bes, bas.l The nerch Perm
fluviatilis. In Hmp. the sea-perch See Baree
^il=^^;^"= %%%%
£„?? ^ ¥'^i sfe^&'&SSrS
C. HoT^^^.^c^ ($$ 38* -an?1
m— a kind of " '
Barm-
; Bace fysshe, ung bar, PALSGR. (i5|o) •
fysche, Prompt. OFr. bars (also bar), 'loup de mer'
HATZFELD. MHG. bars, perch (LEXER), cp. OE. beers
See Barse.]
BASE, see Bass, sb.1, Beest.
BASE-CHILD, sb. Shr. Som. Dev. An illegitimate child
Shr.1 1689. Expences at y« sealing a bond to saue the Jijh
[Justice] Rarmely from a bace child, oo. 01. oo, Prh. Ace. Clun
w.Som.1, Dev.3
[For this use of base cp. base-born, form, in common
use. A bastard, a base-born person, PHILLIPS (1706)-
Base-born, spurius, nothus, adulterinus, ROBERTSON Phras
(1693) ; A bastard, a base borne, unlawfully begotten
BARET (1580).]
BASEL, v. S_c. Nhb. Also written baisel Nhb ' •
bazzle Sh.I. [be'zl, ba'zl.] To rush about, run in a
hurried and laborious manner.
Sh.I. Bassle, to struggle in water as in drowning (Coll. L.L B )
Nhb. In common use (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.1 A'm baiselin ma sel tii ect
dyun i' time te catch the train.
[LG. baseln, 'verwirrt, vergesslich sein; blind und
wtithend, oder doch unbesonnen auf Etwas losgehen '
(BERGHAUS) ; MLG. baseln, ' kopflos handeln ' (SCHILLER-
LUBBEN). This word is a freq. in -el of a vb. found in
many G. dials. Holstein basen, ' irren, gedankenlos gehn '
(ScHiJTZE); Bremen basen, ' delirare ' (Wtbch.)- LG
basen, 'irrsmmg geworden sein, namentlich in Folge
delirii trementis ' (BERGHAUS). EFris. basen, ' rasen, toben '
(KOOLMAN). Du. basen, to rave (HEXHAM).]
BASES, sb. pi. 06&? Dev. The hangings of a bed.
Dev. She must ha' a bed with vine cornishes, che think they
call em, and bases, and che know not what, Obliging Husband
[Soubassement de lid, the bases of a bed ; that which
hangs down to the ground at the sides and feet of some
stately beds, COTGR. The word was once in common use
>f the trappings of a horse. The basses and bardes of
their horse were grene sattyn, HALL Chron. Hen. VIII
(1548) (RICHARDSON). A spec, use of base (the lower
part).]
BASH, sb.1 Irel. Hrf. Also written baush Wxf1
[baj, basj.] The palm of the hand. See Boss
s.Wxf. (P.J.M.), Wxf.1, Hrf.2
BASH, sb." Irel. A crab with a soft back
Ant. (W.H.P.)
rr,BAffH'i^;S ar"d V^ s?:rNhb- Cum- Wm. Yks. I.Ma.
Chs. Stf. Not. Lin. Nhp. War. Oxf. Bck. Bdf. Hit. Ken
Also written basch Sc. [baj, baj.]
1. sb. A heavy blow.
Sc. An' gae her a desperate bash on The chafts that day,
NICHOL .Poems (1805) I. 36 (JAM.). e.Lth. He said it was a bash on
the heid o nae common kind, HUNTER J. Inwick (1895) 241
Nhb.1 Cum. Doon it went in a bash- in ya bash frae top to
bottom, CAINE Shad. Crime (1885) ao.
2. A dint caused by a blow
Lnk. (JAM.)
3. v. To beat, strike, crush, smash.
Sc. Thou sallt basch them intil flendirs, RIDDELL Ps. (1857)
11. 9. Rnf. Fir'd wi1 indignance I turn'd round And bash'd wi'
?ltn^-au "g The Pack' that day- WILSON Poems (1816) 125.
Lth. To beat to sherds (JAM.). Nhb.1 Aa bashed me heed again
the top. Hi, canny man, ye've bashed yor hat She bashed the
door i me fyece. Cum. (H. W.) ; Cum.i Her bonnet was bash't in
,£a{?\ Wm' He coed mi a Ieer. an> I basht him his een up for't
T? k uYk8' h St> lad> bash il wi> astoan(W.M.E.F.). e.Yks.
ne bashed lad's heead ageean deear powst, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp.
(rang) 23. I.Ma. Bash me on the head for a blockhead, CAINE
Manxman (1895) pt. i. ix. Chs. He threatened to bash her across
ne jaw, Altnncham Guard. (June 29, 1895). Stf.2 One chap bashed
my yed agen th' war [wall] wi' 'is elbor. It fair sings na. Not.
He just bashed him on the head as he roosted in the ivy (L.C.M )
n.Lin. An bashes his hat in, PEACOCK Tales and Rhymes (1886)
92. swiin.1 He took her by the hair, and bashed her head on the
TU • Storm bashed the whate [wheat] (J.W.B.).
ir !oVf' n^C°meTS, bashin? against the window (G.H.G.).
Ken. (P M.) ; Ken.1 Hls hat was bashed in. Slang. Now if Palley
makes his stock quotation I'll bash him, Day at Eton (1877) 168:
The idle unemployed . . . ' bash ' industrious blacklegs into mum-
mies, Sat. Review (1889) 267, col. i.
BASH
BASKET
Hence Bashed, ppl. adj. bruised, dinted ; Bashing, (i)
ppl. adj. of rain : heavy enough to beat down the surface
of the soil ; (2) vbl. sb. beating, crashing.
Slk. Like a heap o' bashed and birzed paddocks, CHR. NORTH
Nodes (ed. 1856) III. 16. (i) Hrt. A bashing wet time, ELLIS
Mod. Husb. (1750) V. i. 57. (2) Cum. Our Matt . . . saw the cradle
wi' the bairn Gan bashing through the window, RAYSON Misc.
Poems (1858) 8.
4. To beat trees with a pole in order to knock down
fruit, or drive out birds ; to strike water with a bough or
stick.
Not. (L.C.M.), Nhp.2 War.3 To bash walnut trees. ' Now then,
bash 'em out ' — phr. used in ' bat-fowling,' i. e. when the net and
lantern are in position this is a direction to begin beating the ivy,
rick, or hedge to drive the sparrows. Hrt. Acorns are commonly
bashed down by poles on purpose for hogs, ELLIS Mod. Husb.
(1750) VI. ii. ox>. Oxf.1, n.Bck. (A.C.) Bdf. BATCHELOR^WI?/. Eng.
Lang. (1809) ; The boys bashed the walnuts on Sundays (J. W.B.).
5. To be injured by crushing (?).
Rxb. Ane whiles could trow this yirthen globe Began to bash
and forret thraw, RIDDELL Poet. Wks. (1871) I. 198.
6. Fig. To work vigorously, in phr. to bash away.
Cum. Develments suer teh gih whoke [folk] back ther oan, if
they'll nobbut bash away, SARGISSON Joe Scoop (1881) 214; Cum.1
BASH, sb* and v? Hrf. [bsej.]
1. sb. The matted roots of a tree.
Hrf. BOUND Prov. (1876) ; Hrf.1
2. v. To trim timber by cutting off roots and boughs
close to the trunk.
Hrf. (W.W.S.)
BASH, sb.6 Hrf.1 The front of the head of a bull or
a pig.
BASH, v.3 Sc. Yks. Stf. Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. Also
written bosh Lei.1 [baj~, baej.]
1. To abash, confuse, check ; also intr. to be abashed or
confused.
Ayr. But bashing, and dashing, I feared aye to speak, BURNS
Ans. to Guidwife (1787) st. 3. e.Yks.1 He was talking varry big,
but ah basht him when ah tell'd him what ah knew about him.
s.Stf. I put the screen up to bash the heat. As the hoss come
tearin' down the hill, I waved my arms to try to bash him, PINNOCK
Bit. Cy. Ann. (1895). War.3 His first plaace bashed him so that
he is afraid to go out again. ' He [the gardener] would get the
netting out — that would bash 'em [the birds] a bit,' ANDERTON Lett,
from Cy. House (1891) 22. Shr.1 Fire yore gun, an' it'll bash them
rooks. Fur shame on yo', John, talkin' so vulgar, yo'n quite bash
these young girls.
2. To lose flesh, to become sickly, to fall off in appe-
tite, &c.
Lei.1 Take care your pig don't bash. He begins to bash in his
victuals. It [the baby] warn't a bit bashed by it teethin'. Nhp.1 A
pig is said to bash when it dwindles and decreases in flesh, on
being removed from good to bad food. ' It goes back,' or is
' pulled down,' are equivalent expressions. War.3
[Bash (not much used), to be ashamed, ASH (1795) ;
Neither bash I to say that the people of Rome invaded
this isle, HOLLAND Ammianus (1609) (NARES) ; I wende
no Bretouns walde bee basschede for so lyttille, Morte
Arih. (c. 1440) 2121, ed. 1871 ; Oure herte basshede,
WYCLIF (1382) Josh. ii. u. Aphetic form of lit. E. abash
(to confound).]
BASH, adj. Lan. [baj.] Shy, bashful.
Lan.1, n.Lan.'
[The same as Bash, v.2]
BASHY, adj.1 Wm. Yks. Nhp. [ba'Ji.] Wet, rainy,
muddy.
Wm.1 Applied to wet, boggy places in fields. n.Yks.2 Bashy
weather, Bashy land. Nhp.1 It's very bashy weather.
BASHY, adj.2 Obs. ? n.Cy. Fat, swelled.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). [Not known to our correspondents.]
BASIC, see Bazzock.
EASIER, see Bazier.
BASIL, sb. Der. Nhp. Also written bassell nw.Der.1;
bassel Nhp.1
1. Sheepskin tanned in bark. See Bassins.
nw.Der.1, Nhp.1
VOL. I.
2. Comp. Bassel-bowls, balls covered with sheepskin
used in the game of bowls.
Nhp.1
[Basil, a tanned sheep skin, ASH (1795); so BAILEY
(i755)-]
BASIL-HAMPERS, phr. Obs. ? Lin.
Lin.1 A person of short stature, taking short steps, who pro-
ceeds slowly : a female whose attire falls awkwardly round her
feet. [Not known to our correspondents.]
BASIN, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Also written bassin
Lan. Chs.13 nw.Der.1 ; bason w.Yks. A large brown
wooden bowl in which milk or butter is kept.
w.Yks. On the hills about Hebden- Bridge the word ' bason ' is
applied only to the large brown bowls in which farmers keep
their milk, and the word ' bowl ' to what is usually called a bason,
Hlfx. Wds. n.Lan.1, w.Lan. (H.M.), Chs.13, nw-Der.1
BASING, sb. Stf. Der. Lei. Nhp. War. Also written
bazing Nhp.1 [be'zin.] The rind of cheese.
Stf.1, Der.2, nw.Der.1, Lei.1, Nhp.1, War.23
[Prob. this word refers prop, to the bottom of the cheese.
Base (bottom) + -ing.}
BASK, v.1 e.An. To beat severely.
Nrf. MILLER & SKERTCHLY Fenland (1878) iv; Nrf.1
Hence Basking, vbl. sb. (i) a thrashing ; (2) a drenching
in a heavy shower.
(i) e-An.1 (2) e-An.1, Nrf.1 [HOLLOWAY.]
[Many things . . . which buffet and baske it shrewdly,
ROGERS Naaman (1642) 443 (N.E.D.). Norw. dial, baska,
to splash in the water like sea-fowl (AASEN) ; Sw. dial.
baska, to beat, strike (RiExz).]
BASK, v." Chs. Shr. [bask, bask.] To cough
asthmatically.
s.Chs.1 Dhee'urdhaa sit's, baas'kin unyaas-kin i)dh aays au- dee'
liingg [Theer tha sits, baskin an' yaskin' i'th' hai'se aw dee lung].
Shr.1 That theer poor oud mon's very bad, 'e'll sit afore the fire
baskin' all day lung.
BASK, v? Yks. [bask.] To parch, to shrivel with
heat.
Yks. (C.C.R.)
Hence Basked,^/, adj. parched, dry.
n.Yks.2 Bask'd, as the ground on a hot day.
[The same as Bask, adj.]
BASK, adj. Sc. Cum. [bask.]
1. Of weather : very dry. Cf. hask.
Dmf. ' A bask day,' a day distinguished by drought, accom-
panied with a withering wind, destructive to vegetation (JAM.).
Gall. A bask blowy day in the end of March, CROCKETT Stickit Min.
(1893) i ; It was a bask day in early spring, ib. Raiders (1894) ii.
2. Of fruit : sharp, bitter, rough to the taste.
Rxb. (JAM.) Cum. Unripe fruit is bask, LINTON Lake Cy. (1864)
296. [Bitter as a bask apple (K.).]
[This is a spec, use of a LG. word widely spread, with
the sense of harsh, austere, bitter. Pride and covetise
and ipocrisie . . . ben bask or bittir synnes, WYCLIF
Sel. W. (c. 1380) (MATZNER). Norw. dial, bask, proud
(AASEN) ; Sw. bask, barsk, stern (WIDEGREN) ; Bremen
bask, barsk, bitter, severe (Wtbch.); Holstein basch, sharp,
bitter (Idiotikon) ; LG. basch, bask, barsk, rough, harsh to
the taste (BERGHAUS) ; G. barsch; EFris. barsk, rough,
severe (KOOLMAN).]
BASK, see Busk.
BASKET, sb. Irel. Lan. Chs. War. Oxf. Ken. Hmp.
Wil.
L A measure of quantity, varying according to the nature
of the contents.
Ken. Basket of cherries, 48 Ibs., MORTON Cydo. Agric. (1863).
s.Wil. At Heytesbury potatoes are sold by the ' basket,' which
contains 3 pecks. Elsewhere they are sold by bag or sack, both
of which measures vary greatly in capacity according to locality
(G.E.D.). Wil.1
2. The stomach. Cf. bread-basket.
Wxf.1 Oxf. I'd sooner have fifty, than one on the basket, BLACK-
MORE Cripps (ed. 1895) Iv.
3. Hatting term : a flat crossing of twigs used to press
down the layers of wool or fur.
Chs.1
4. In comp. (i) Basket-fortune, a small fortune ; (2)
A a
BASKET FERN
[178]
BASS
•money, see below ; (3) -sword, a sword with a hilt formed
to protect the hand from injury.
(i) Hmp.1 Basket-fortune, said, it is believed, of a girl's marriage-
portion. (2) Ken. At the end of hop-picking, some masters give
the pickers a small gratuitous payment, called basket-money, in
addition to the usual wages (P.M.). (3) ne.Lan.1, War. (J.R.W.)
BASKET FERN, sb. Hmp. Cor. The fern Nephrodium
Filix-mas.
Hmp.1 Cor. So called from the hollow, basket-like form in which
the fronds grow up.
BASKETLE, sb. Chs. Stf. Der. Also written bas-
kittle Chs.1 [ba-skitl.] A basketful.
Chs.1 s.Chs.1 6o)z gofn a grae't baas-kitl u korunz [Hoo's
gotten a grat baskettle o' corrans] (s.v. Nose). Stf.2 Goo an fatch
a baskitl o' sticks fur let th' foire i' th' mornin'. Der.1
[A pron. of basketful]
BASKETS, sb. pi. Wil. Ribwort plantain, Plan/ago
lanceolata.
Wil.1
BASKING, see Bask, v.1
BASKY BIRD, sb. n.Dev. The yellow ammer,
Emberiza ciirinella.
n.Dev. (E.H.G.)
BASLARD, sb. Obs. Nhb. Cum. A long dagger, gen.
worn suspended from the girdle.
Nhb.1 Cum. LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 296.
[A bazelarde, ensis, gladiolus, LEVINS Manip. (1570) ;
Baselarde, ska, Prompt. ; Alle that bereth baslarde,
P. Plowman (B.) in. 303. AF. baslard. By Statute 12
Rich. II, c. vi. it was provided that 'null servant de
husbandrie . . . ne porte desore enavant baslard dagger
nespee,' cited in Peacock's Notes to MYRC Inst. Par
Priests, 68.]
BASNET, sb. Obs. Sc. Cum. Der. A light helmet.
Sc. Thou has ta'en the basnet at last, SCOTT Monastery (1820)
xxxvi. Cum. O is my basnet a widow's curch, GILPIN Ballads
(1866) 477. Der. They beat his bassnet to his heade, JEWITT Ballads
(1867) 53.
[A basnet, cassida, LEVINS Manip. (1570) ; A basenet
cassis, galea, Cath. Angl. (1483); With bathe his handis
m-to be brayne his basenet he cleuys, Wars Alex. (c. 1450)
4002. Fr. bassinet, a head-piece, worn in old time by the
trench men of arms (COTGR.).]
BASON, see Bauson.
BASON-CROP, sb. In gen. dial. use. The method of
cutting the hair all round alike.
Nhb. When it happened that a man or boy was cropped so that
the ends of his hair formed a ring straight round his head he was
said to have got a ' bason crop.' The insinuation was that his hair
had been cut at home by an amateur who had used a bason to
guide the scissors (R.O.H.) : Nhb.1 Three apprentices, 'showing
themselves disobedient and very obstinate, were first in open
court (where a dish is said to have been kept, by the edge of
which their hair was cut round) made exemplary by shortninge their
hair, Book of Merchant Adventurers, Newcastle, December? 1640
BASONING, vbl. sb. Chs. Term used in hat-making •'
the process of hardening felt on the 'bason.'
Chs.1 The first process of felting after the material is formed for
the hat body; also called 'Hardening.' [The body-maker com-
menced operations, and for bowing, basining, boiling, and plankine
8 T °eTd '" l8°5 &' PCr d°2en> Hist' Denton ChaPel (Chet- Soc
BASS, sb.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also
[bas, baes.]
". bast.
Hence Bassan, adj. made of ""bass,1 or fibre of the
lime-tree.
their horses with bassan ropes> ELLIS Mod-
on
rus
3. Matting made usually of straw, dried rushes &c •
ne. that made from the inner bark of the lime-tree.' The
ushes or fibre of which matting is made
ba«°nL,DTd rUShCS °';SedgeS- Nhb'1 The soft reeds from which
f H T h » °" T made' Dur" Cum' Dried stems °f bulrush
used to bottom chairs and make mats (J.P.). Cum. Wm
rushes; also the inner bark of a tree, FERGUSON
204. Wm. The chairs were bottomed with bass (B.K.). n.Yks.12
ne.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 Matting made of the inner bark of birch!
n.Lin.1 A kind of rush ; also matting, whether woven or in strips,
as used for tying up garden plants. Lei. Roving from matting!
used by gardeners (C.E.). ne.Wor. (J.W.P.) Glo.2 Matting used
in gardens. e.An.1 Suf.1 Shreds of matting, with which gardeners
tie up lettuces, flowers, &c.
3. A mat made of coarse straw or rushes, esp. a door-
mat.
Sc. When you hear him . . . wipe his feet upon the bass,
RAMSAY Remin. (1861) 100 ; He felt for the key under the bass'
COBBAN Andaman (1895) viii. Sh.I. Just at da door, ipo [upon] da
bass, BURGESS Rasmie (1892) 63. Abd. (W.M.) Lth. Under the
bass at Knowe Park kitchen door . . . Bell found a ten-pound
salmon, and three large trouts, STRATHESK Blinkbonny (1891)
99. e.Lth. If ye think he's gaun to lay himsel doun like a
bass for the disestaiblishers to dicht their feet on, ye dinna
ken your man, HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) rat. Gall. I'll lay doon
a bass for ye to stand and dreep on, CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (1895)
267. Nhb.1 e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788) ; e.Yks.1 m.Yks.i
Door-bass. Pan-bass, at a kitchen supper-table, is a mat to
set a pan on. w.Yks. Seldom heard except among farmers or
old men, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Dec. 27, 1890) ; BANKS Wkfld Wds
(1865) ; (S.P.U.) ; w.Yks.5
4. A hassock, a kneeling-mat in a church ; properly
applied only to those covered with matting or ' bass.'
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.); N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 n.Yks.12A
knee-bass. ne.Yks.1, e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Ah see yov getten a new
bass i' th' pew (M.G.); A kneeling mat was formerly known as
a kneeling bass (J.T.) ; Pd pro 3 Basses pro kneeling at the (font,
as., Bradford Prsh. Ace. (1713); w.Yks."* nXan. As dry as
a bass (W.S.). Chs.1 ; Chs.3 A low stool or kneeling hassock.
Der.1 2 Lin. I'm to put the basses all along, FENN Cure of Souls
(1889) 12. nXin.1, swim.1 Not The singers wants another bass
in their seat (L.C.M.) ; Not.1 Rut.1 This name is now used
regardless of what the material used for covering may be. Them
basses are wore all to muck [of some old coarse straw hassocks
rotted with damp]. Paid pro 3 Basses, 2 pro the Communion
table, the other for the Clark, is. ad., Church Ace. (1720). Lei
(C.E.), Lei.1, Nhp.1 War.2 ; War.3 12 Basses for ye people to
kneel down on, ss. 40"., Ansley Prsh. Ace. (1708). Wor. (J.W.P.),
e-An.1 Cmb.1 Oh ! mother, they've got all new basses at church!
Dev. w.Times (Feb. 26, 1886) 2, col. a.
6. A basket made of straw or matting ; a workman's
tool-basket.
n-Yks.1; n.Yks.2 A tool-bass. ne.Yks.1, e.Yks.1 J/S. add. (T.H.)
w.Yks. BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865) ; DYER.DKJ/. (1891)57 ; (J.T.);
w.Yks.2 A light, limp basket for carrying joiners' tools, vegetables,
fish, &c. Chs.1 s.Chs.1 Aay, ey)z got'n up u bif, naay ; bur ahy
rimem-bur im wen ey ydost ky'aari u baas- on iz baak' [Ay, bey's
gotten up a bit, naT ; bur I remember him when he used carry a
bass on his back]. Stf.2, nw.Der.1, n-Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 He takes his
books in his bass.
6. A cart-horse collar, made of straw or rushes. Also
in comp. Bass-collar.
Cum. (B. & H.) n.Lin.1 Bass-collar. Suf.1
7. The soft dry fibres, &c., of which a bird's nest is
composed.
5. & Ork.1
8. Comp. (i) Bass-bottomed, of chairs : having the seat
made of rushes or ' bass ' ; (2) -broom, a large broom with
bristles of stiff fibre; (3) -mat, a hassock ; (4) -rope, a rope
lormed from the inner bark of the lime-tree ; (5) -wood,
see below.
(i) Wm. & Cum.1 Clogs splinter new, bass-bottom'd chairs, 190.
W Suf. (F.H.) [In^c«.use.] (3) ne.Lan.1 (4) Hrts. ELLIS Mod.
Husb. (1750) IV. i. (5) nXin.1 Bass-wood, a term vaguely used
by carpenters to indicate several kinds of soft wood.
[2. Basse or bed made of rushes or flags, scirpia,
ROBERTSON Phras. (1693). 4. Bass, a cushion made of
straw, to kneel on in churches, BAILEY (1721). 5. A bass,
sarpiculum, COLES (1679). 6. Basse, a collar for cart-
horses made of rushes, sedges, straw, &c., BAILEY (1721).]
BASS, sb* and v. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Shr.
[bas.]
1. sb. Coal mixed with slate or rubbish ; coal which
does not readily burn. Cf. bat, dundick.
r??^ BROCKETT n.Cy. Words (1846). w.Yks. In current use
(B.K..) ; ine word is used among colliers round Dewsbury, but not
BASS
BASTARD
gen. among the lower classes (S.J.C.). Lan.1 That coal's nowtbut
bass. e.Lan.1 Chs.1 ; Chs.3 Clinkers, vitrified part of coals that
will not burn. n.Stf. The rubbish or dirt drawn out of a pit in
getting coal, or iron stone (J.T.); The ' bleeding' came from the roof
of the 10 ft. bass, Dy. News (Feb. 8, 1895^ 3, col. 6. Stf.1 ; Stf.2 Oi
conna get on wi me bakin todee, ar coal's welly a' bass. nw.Der.1
Shr. BOUND Prov. (1876^ ; Shr.1
Hence Bassy, adj. hard, shaly.
Der.2, nw.Der.1
2. In salt-making: 'clinkers 'or hardened cinders formed
in the furnace.
Chs.1
3. v. Salt-making term, in phr. to bass afire.
Chs.1 To ' bass a fire ' is to get the clinkers out of the furnace
before putting on fresh fuel.
BASS, see Boss.
BASSAM, see Besom.
BASS COCK, sb. Sc. The Puffin, Fmtercula arclica.
Sc. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 220.
BASSE, see Bass.
BASSEL-BOWLS, see Basil.
BASSEL-HOUSE, see Bastel-house.
BASSEND, see Bausond.
BASSER, see Bass-goose.
BASSET, sb. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Der. War. Shr.
[ba-sat.]
1. Mining term : the outcrop of a seam or stratum of
coal, &c. ; known also as Basset-edge.
Nhb.1 Its basset forms the limit of cultivated land, SOPWITH Min.
Dist. 4. Nhb., Dur. The basset of the Brockwell seam has not
been discovered, FORSTER Section Strata (1821) 35. w.Yks.
(S.K.C.); w.Yks.2 Lan. (C.B.C.) Der. Where a slight spring
and natural wet place appeared either on the basset of one of the
load-stone strata, MARSHALL Review Agric. (1814) IV. 81. War.
(C.B.C.) [The edges of a formation exposed by denudation are
called its ' outcrop ' or ' basset," WOODWARD Geol. Eng. and Wales
(1876) 422.]
2. Comp. Basset-end, the end of the workings on the
rise of the mine.
Shr.1
BASSET, v. Nhb. Dur. Stf. Der. Mining term : to
crop out as a seam of coal does.
Nhb.1 The great limestone ' bassets out on the north bank of the
Tees,' TATE Trans, of Nat. Hist. Soc. II. New S. 12. The High
Main bassets out in the cliffs between Cullercoats and Tynemouth,
MACKENZIE Hist. (1825) I. 79. Der. MAWE Mineralogy (1802) Gl.
Hence Basseting, vbl. sb. the outcrop of strata at the
surface of the ground. See Basset, sb.
Stf. Pit coal generally lies in the earth obliquely or aslant,
wherein the sloping or shelving upward is call'd basseting (K.) ;
Stf.1
BASS-GOOSE, sb. Frf. The gannet, Sula bassana.
Also known as Basser.
Frf. The more uninformed of the peasantry believe that this bird
grows by the bill upon the cliffs of the Bass, of Ailsa and of
St. Kilda, SWAINSON Birds (1885) 144.
BASSHILLOE, see Bassiloe.
BASSIE, sb. Sc. Also written bossie Bnff.1 ; bassy,
bossy, [ba'si, bo'si.] A large wooden bowl used in
making oat-cake, &c., and in which the meal is mixed and
kneaded.
n.Sc. Used for carrying meal from the girnal to the bakeboard
(JAM.). Bnff.1 Abd. Ye'll hae little to put in the bassie Gin ye be
sae backward to draw, Ross Helenore (1768) Sng. ; Bat set the
bossy back again Upon the bowie heed [head], Goodwife (1867)
='• 37-
[A bassy of bres (broth), Abd. Reg. (1563) V. 25
GAM.).]
BASSILOE, sb. n.Stf. Also written basshilloe. The
mound of earth on or near a pit bank.
n.Stf. The gob is the newly-formed mound near the mouth of
the pit ; and as it contains small lumps of coal it is readily fired.
The bassiloe is really a gob out of which the lumps of coal have
been picked, and hence contains much bass (J.T.).
BASSEN, see Basin.
BASSINS, sb. pi. Lin. Sheepskins dressed.
Lin. THOMPSON Hist. Boston (1876) 699. n.Lin.1
[Basil, the skin of a sheep tanned ; this I believe more
properly written basen, JOHNSON (1755). Fr. bazene,
sheep's leather dressed like Spanish leather (COTGR.) ;
OFr. basane, ' peau de mouton tannee ' (HATZFELD).]
BASSOCK, sb. Obs. ? Chs. Lin.
1. A tuft of coarse grass, a thick sod used for fuel. See
Bass, sb.1
Chs.1 n.Lin.1 That none shall grave any sodes, nor turves, nor
bassocks of the Sowthe Easte syde of the Grene Gaitte and abuttinge
of the South Weste of Grene Howe in pcna vjs. viij'1. Bottesford
Manor Roll (1578).
2. A hassock.
Chs.3 n-Lin.1 For nattes and bassockes for Jie quere, ij§. ixd,
Louth Ch. Ace. (1551) ii. 97. For a bassecke for Mr. Bulmer,
iiij'1, Kirton in'Lindsey Ch. Ace. (1633).
BASSOCK, see Bazzock.
BASSOM, see Bazzom.
BAST, sb. Yks. Lan. Lin. War. Glo.
1. The fibrous inner bark of the lime, Tilia parvifolia.
Also in Lin. the fibre of hemp or flax. See Bass, so.1
n.Lin.1 Spread it on stubbles for three weeks or a month till the
bast clears easy from the bun, YOUNG Agric. (1799) 159. Glo.
The bark is stripped off about Midsummer, dried like hay, and is
called bast, MARSHALL Review (1817) II. 446.
2. Comp. Bast-rope, rope prepared from bast.
Glo. Bast ropes are sold in pairs, for 145. per pair, ib.
3. Matting, a mat made of ' bast.'
w.Yks. To cash pd for two straw basts for y> Church, is.,
Bradford Prsh. Ace. (i 709). ne.Lan.1, War. (J . R. W.)
[OE. bcest.]
BAST, see Baste.
BASTARD, sb. Yks. Chs. Ken.
1. A gelding.
Ken.1
2. A term of reproach for a mischievous or worthless
boy.
w.Yks. SCATCHERD Hist. Morley (1830) 168, ed. 1874; (S.J.C.)
3. Salt-making term : weak brine.
Chs.1
4. An ill-thriven tree or shrub.
w.Yks.2; (S.N.)
BASTARD, adj. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Chs. Lin. Lei.
War. Hit. Mid. Ken. Sur. Som.
1. Of stone, &c. : impure or nondescript.
Nhb. Borings (1881) II. 9; Nhb.1 Bastard limestone. Nhb.,
Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
2. Comp. (i) Bastard-freestone, quartzite ; (2) -whin,
very hard post or sandstone.
(i) Bnff.1 (2) Nhb. A kind of hard freestone, or, as it is called,
bastard whin, Denham Tracts (ed. 1892) I. 9 ; Nhb.1
3. Of land : unproductive, poor, barren.
w.Yks.2 Land is said to be bastard when it will not yield a crop.
4. Comp. (i) Bastard-crop, a crop grown out of due
rotation ; (2) -fallow, grass land ploughed up as soon as
the hay crop is taken off, and then worked as a fallow for
wheat ; (3) -potatoes, potatoes which have been left in
the ground and grow the following spring, without pro-
ducing any fruit worth digging up.
(i) swXin.1 They [oats] are a bastard-crop ; it fell to be turnips
this turn. (2) Chs.1 In the bastard fallow a crop of hay is taken
first, and the land is not ploughed till midsummer, or even later,
and it thus gets only half the working that a true fallow receives
Lei.1 Also called Pin-fallow. War. (J.R.W.) Sur.1 Land which
has been partly fallowed, but off which some green crop has been
taken before it is sown with wheat ; and so distinguished from
what is called a ' whole-foller.' (3) e.Yks.1
5. Of trees : female.
w.Yks.2 People speak of a bastard ash, oak, &c.
6. Of a child : puny, small, ill-formed.
w.Yks.2
7. Comp. (i) Bastard-cock, a large haycock ; (2) -eagle,
the osprey ; (3) -killer, the plant Savin, Juniperus sabina ;
(4) -rig, the smooth hound-fish, Mustelus laevis ; (5) -sole,
the lemon-dab, Pleuronedes microcephalus.
(i) Hrt. Bastard-cocks, that are as big again as grasscocks,
ELLIS Mod. Husb. (1750). Mid. The small cocks, made into
bastard cocks, the bastard cocks, into great cocks, MARSHALL
Revt'ew (i8ii)V. 107. (2) Nhb.1 (3) w.Som.1 (4) Ken.1 [SATCHELL
U879).] (5) Nhb.1 [SATCHELL (1879).]
A a 2
BASTE
[180]
BAT
BASTE, sb. Cum. [best] A blow.
Cum. LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 296.
[The same as Baste, f.J
BASTE, v. In gen. dial, use in Sc. and Eng. Also
written baiss (JAM.); baist Nhb.1 Yks. Lan. nw.Der.1;
beeast Wm.1 ; baest w. Yks. ; baayste Brks.1 ; bast Ess.1 ;
beyast I.W.2 [best, beast]
1. To thrash, flog, beat soundly.
Lth. GAM.) Nhb.1, Dur.1, Cum.", Wm.1, n. Yks. (I.W.) e.Yks. Ah'll
baste tha weel, if thoodizzn't mahnd what thoo'sdeeahin, NICHOLSON
Flk-Sp. (1889)23; THOMPSON Hist. Welton (1869) 171; e.Yks.1
w.Yks. BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865) ; I raised t'stick to baste it wi',
DIXON Craven Dales (1881) 255 ; I'll baste him weel (J.T.) ; Shoe
wanted agirt stick takkin' til 'er, an' bastin' well (F.P.T.) ; w.Yks.4»
Lan. GASKELL Lectures Dial. (1854) 29 ; Lan.1 Chs.s Baste him
well. Stf. SHARP Gl. ; Stf.2 Yo lads get off worn, or oi'll cum an
baste yer starns fur yer. Der.1 I'll baste thy hide for thee.
nw.Der.1, Not. (J.H.B.) n.Lin. Thaay to'ns to agaan an' baastes
wonanuther, PEACOCK Tales and Rhymes (1886) 87 ; n.Lin.1 If I
was nobud t'tell the school maister he'd baaste th' whole lot on
you. Nhp.iz, War.1", se.Wor.1 Shr.1 Turn, I'll baste yore back
fur yo in another 'afe minute if yo dunna be quiet. Glo.2, Brks.1,
n.Bck. (A.C.) Bdf. BATCHELOR Anal. Eng. Lang. (1809); (J.W.B.)
e.An.1, Nrf.1, Snf.1 Ess. I'd had urn basted more.'CLARK J. Noakes
(1839) 29; Gl. (1851); Ess.1 Ken. (H.M.) Hmp.1 Jim was ter-
ribly basted at the fair. I.W.1 I'll beyast thee well vor that •
I.W.2 Wil. BRITTEN Beauties (1825). n.Wil. If I could catch un
I'd baste un (E.H.G.). Som. I doant mian ta zaay vrom that,
tes zactly tha thing to baste her, ' AGRIKLER ' Rhymes (1872) 10.
Dev. I'll baste thy hide vur thee ef thee dissent come intQ ouze
dreckly minit, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892). "n.Dev. Ad chell baste en
to tha true Ben, Exm. Crtshp. (1746) 1. 518. Dev.3, Cor.z Slang.
She'd . . . baste her lord and master most Confoundedly, BARHAM
Ingoldsby (1840) The Ghost.
Hence (i) Baster, sb. a heavy blow ; (2) Basting, vbl.
so. a thrashing, a beating.
(i) w.Yks.1 (a) Slk. (JAM.) Nhb.1 Aa'll gie ye sic a byestm as ye
niwor gat i' yor life. Wm.1 I'll gi tha a beeasting. Lan. Baistin',
GASKELL Lectures Dial. (1854) 29 ; Lan.1 Thae'llt get a rare bastin',
mi lad, when thae gets whoam. Der. Nobory ull mak owt o' yo till yo
get a bastin twice a day, WARD David Grieve (1892) I. i. n-Lin.1
He gev him a good baastin' for thrawin' stoans at th' turkey cock.
Nhp .1 You'll catch a good basting if you don't mind, my lad. se. Wor.1
I ketches thee a runnin' over that gardin agyun, I'll gi' thu a
good bastin. Brks.1 I'll gie 'e a baaystin byn by if e dwoant look
out. Nrf. Yow young willain ! I'll give yow a rare basting if I
ketch yow arter that any more (W.R.E.). ne.Ken. I'll give you a
good basting (H.M.). I.W.2 I'll gi' thee a good beyasten. n Wil
He wantsa good bastin, he do (E.H.G.). Cor.2 Thee'lt jrit a outtv
basting.
2. To conquer, overcome.
N'?/-1 T,° overcome. particularly at cards where one has lost
considerably.
[To bast (beat), fuste caedere, COLES (1679) ; I took a
broom and basted her till she cried extremely PEPYS
Diary (Dec. i, 1660), ed. Wheatley (1893) ; He paid good
Robin back and side, And baist him up and down, Rob.
flood, ed. Ritson, I. 102.]
BASTE, see Buist.
BASTEEL, see Bastile.
.BASTERLY.GULLION, phr. Obs. Lan. The ille-
gitimate child of one who is himself illegitimate.
Lan. GROSE (1790).
BASTHAD, see Bastard.
BASTICK, sb. Som. [bse-stik.] A basket.
Som. Good hooks an' good gut, a rod properly 'lastic Wi'
plenty o' skill, you'll be sure vill yer bastic, PULMAN Sketches
(1842) 15 ; W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; There's a bushel bastick bin here
tneas twelvemonth, RAYMOND Sam and Sabina (j894) 107
n' of basket, with metath. of dental and gut-
,'. SC.QAM.) Also in forms bastish,bastous.
1. Of soil : coarse, hard, bound.
Ayr, Lnk.
2. Of persons: obstinate.
4y.r'c.^T?StOUS hiz2ie' Cf- ramstugerous.
Rut W W' Sb\ Nhb;,Cum- Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der.
Rut. War. Wor. Lon. Also written bastyle Chs.1 ; bastil
Chs.3 ; bastille Chs. Stf. Rut.1 ; basteel Yks. [ba'stail
bae-stail.]
1. Pop. name for the workhouse.
Nhb.1, Cum. (J.D.) w.Yks. If it hadn't been for thee, awst ha'
been i' t'bastile long sin, HARTLEY Grimes' Trip (1877) 118-
Four pint pots filled wi' what's kept mooar teetotal lecturers'
aght o' th' bastile than owt else, ib. Sects (1895) vi ; Lewkin" for
relief to t'Bastile, PRESTON Musins in Yksman. (1878) to; If shoo
gets sell'd up for rent whol I'm away they'll hev to go to t'Bastile,
ib. Yksman. (1880) 298. Lan. Ther's some to th' bastile han to
goo, RAMSBOTTOM Phases of Distress (1864) 78. Chs. I often
hear the workhouse spoken of as the Bastille, Chs. N. & Q.
(1881) I. 36 ; Chs.1 3 This was a very common name when first
the new Union Workhouses were built ; but it is gradually falling
into disuse. Stf. She was but newly emancipated from the dis-
cipline of the Bastille, MURRAY Joseph's Coat (1882) 106. Der.2
I'd elder goo to th' jail than th' Bastile (s.v. Elder), nw Der l
Rut.1, War. (J.R.W.) Wor. I always heard the Kidderminster
workhouse spoken of as the Bastile by the lower classes, N. & Q.
( 18v8) 5th S. ix. 33. Lon. Sending every good man in their villages
to the Bastile ... as a pauper, HUGHES Scour. White Horse (1859) "•
2. Comp. Bastile-nurse, a workhouse nurse.
n.Yks. Deeam wur mooanin' angrooanin enuf to t'freet'a basteel
noorse, FETHERSTON Smuggins Fam. 47.
i JF,.OIty y5ars ago (l838) a $*"• term through England.
With the change of the poor jaws appeared a large book
on the English Bastilles, or a similar title comprising these
words, by G. R. Wyther Baxter. Newspapers adopted
the word and it became at once popular, and the one slang
word for the new union-houses, N. &> Q. (1878) 5th S. ix. 32!
An applic. of Fr. Bastille, the name of the prison-fortress
built in Paris in the I4th cent., and destroyed in 1789.]
BASTLE, sb. Bwk. Nhb. Also written bastile N.Cy.1 ;
bassel Nhb.1 A strong stone tower or fortified house,
formerly used as a place of confinement. Sometimes also
known as Bastel-house, Bassel-house.
Bwk. And we deserve the bastle, For steah'n' yarn, HENDERSON
Pop. Rhymes (1856) 16. N.Cy.1 Nhb. Nae bastles or peels Are
safe frae thae deils, DIXON Whittingham Vale (1895) 192; Nhb.1
Yet common on the Border. A typical example may be seen at
Thropton, near Rothbury. The ground floor is a large apartment
with vaulted roof. Over this are the living rooms of the owner.
The walls are of great thickness, affording its inmates protection
against a marauding party. ' Whalton was probably composed of
bastle-houses, similar in their construction to the Pele towers,
though not so strong or well built,' ELLIOTT Trans. Bwk. Nat. Club,
235-
[Conveys him to enchanted castle, There shuts him
fast in wooden bastile, BUTLER Hudibras (1664) i. ii. Argt. ;
The bodies to be bastell barly to lede, Dest. Troy (c. 1400)
10569.]
BASTON, sb. Obs. Pern. A heavy stick or cudgel.
s.Pem. Yea got a regler baston of a stick. Where be yea gwayin
with that baston, be yea gwayin to meet a rubber? (W.M.M.)
[A baston (club), fustis, clava, COLES (1679); Baston,
a staff, batt, or cudgel, BLOUNT (1670) ; Wit pair bastons
bete bai him, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 15827. OFr. baston
(mod. baton).]
BASTY, adj. Irel. Yks. [be'sty.]
1. Of clay, earth, &c. : tough, hard, stiff, heavy.
N.I.1
2. Of weather: droughty and ungenial.
n. Yks. 2 A basty pining time, a season dry and cold for vegetation.
BAT, sb.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also
written bath Wxf.1 ; batt
I. A stout stick.
L A cudgel, staff, thick walking-stick.
Wxf.1, Not.1, Lei.1, War." Ken.1 Some prisoners were tried for
breaking out of Walmer Barracks, when the constable said, ' One
of the prisoners struck at me with a bat'; which he afterwards
defined as being, in this case, ' the tarred butt-end of a hop-pole.'
Sur.1 Sns. When he walks he keeps putting the staff, which he
calls a bat, in front, and so pies himself along, JEFFERIES Hdgrow.
(1889) 79 ; He took with him a middling thick stick, and said that
if any ghost interrupted him he would by the help of his bat try
and find out what a ghost was made of, EGERTON Flks. and Ways
:884) 109 ; I shook ma bat, LOWER Jan Cladpole, st. 120; Sus.1
Dev. w.Times (Feb. 26, 1886; 2, col. 2. [(K.)]
BAT
[181]
BAT
2. A pole 10 ft. 6 in. long;.
s.Wal. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). s.Pem. LAWS Little Eng.
(1888) 419 ; Obsol. or Obs. An old inhabitant remembers it as a
long pole or stick, 10 feet 6 inches long, used for measuring
land. The n.Pem. equivalent is called a stang, and is 8 yards in
length (W.M.M.).
3. A staff placed between two horses in a team, the
traces of a single horse, or a pair of harrows, &c., to keep
them apart. Cf. batticle.
Ken. When a team is going tandem-fashion, there is a spread-
bat or spreader placed between the horses to spread out the traces.
If the team is arranged in pairs, each pair is kept apart by a gig-
bat. The coupling-bat is a staff attached to the mouthpiece of
both horses in a pair, to keep them apart. (See Gig, Billet.) A
land-bat is the staff which keeps the coulter of a plough in posi-
tion (P.M.) ; Ken.1 Sur.1 The coupling-bat is the stick or piece
of wood put to keep a pair of harrows apart.
4. A round stick used to strike the ball in the game of
rounders.
w.Som.1 Oftener called a timmy.
5. In pi. cricket. Obs.
Cor. GROSE (1790) JUS. add. (C.) ; To play at bats, Monthly
Mag. (1808) II. 422. [Not known to our correspondents.]
6. The long handle or staff of a scythe.
Ken. A sythe batt and dowls [doles, q.v.], Inventory of Poor-
house, Pluckley (1793) (P.M.) ; Ken.*
7. A large rough kind of rubber used for sharpening
scythes.
Ken. This is known either as ' rubber ' or ' rubber bat.' In
some places a distinction is made, ' rubber' denoting a round
stone for sharpening the scythe, and ' rubber bat ' a flat stone
used when the metal is soft, so as not to tear it (P.M.) ; Ken.1 Dor.
Sometimes called rubber-batts or balkers, WOODWARD Geol. Eng.
and Wales (1876) 237. n.Dev. Near Kentisbere irregular con-
cretions of sandstone have been largely worked for scythe-stones
or whetstones, called Devonshire batts, ib.
8. A club used in washing clothes. Cf. battling, dolly.
War.3 The washing bat was used to beat the dirty clothes after
they had been ' put to soak ' in water on the day preceding washing
day. Shr.i ? Obs.
9. A wooden tool for battering clods of earth.
Hrf.1
10. A beam ; a log for burning.
Ken. For a load of wood to the poorhouse, Batt fagotts 75, 15",
Pluckley Overseers' Ace. (Jan. 10, 1782) (P.M.); Ken.1 Pd. John
Sillwood, for fetching a batt from Canterbury] for a middle piece
for my mill, o. io>. o, Boteler MS. Ace. Bks. (c. 1664) ; Ken.2, Sus.1
11. A wooden platform for fishermen ; a plank placed
across a dyke as a foot-bridge.
Nhb. A batt has been put up for the purpose of fishing with
sweep nets, Newc. Dy. Leader (July 6, 1896). Ken. Used in the
marshes between Sandwich and Deal (P.M.).
12. A staple or loop of iron. Also in phr.' bats and bands.
Sc. (JAM.) N.I.1 Bats and bands, a description of rude hinges,
consisting of a hook which is driven into the door-frame, and
a strap with an eye which is nailed to the door, so that the door
can at any time be lifted off its hinges.
13. An iron drag chained to the wheel of a cart or car-
riage when going downhill. Also called drugbat. Cf.
slipper, skid-pan.
Brks.1, Hmp. (J.R.W.), Hmp.1
II. A stroke ; rate of motion.
1. A sharp blow, a stroke. In pi. a beating.
Lth. (JAM.) N.I.1 He geed me a bat on the heed. s.Don. SIM-
MONS Gl. (1890). N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 A bat o' the jaa. It ne'er could
be brought to behaviour, Though it has got many a bat, Midford
Galloway's Ramble. Dur. Augustus V Antony gat te batts aboot
it, V Antony gat lickt, EGGLESTONE Betty Podkin's Let. (1877) 8 ;
Dur.1 Cnm. I's willin to out but bats [expressive of desire for peace]
(M.P.) ; The defendant said a woman broke her nose with a bat
of her clog, Carlisle Patriot (May 10, 1889) 5, col. 5 ; Ah lost
patience an' gave her a sharp bat on t'arm, RIGBY Midsummer to
Martinmas (1891) xiii ; Cum.1 ; Cum.3 An' what cared we for
Fortun's bats, hooiver feurce she struck, 49. Wm. & Cnm.1 At
yea batt he fell't ma flat, 282. Yks. Hit her a bat (K.) ; I did get
a bat, HAMILTON Nugae Lit. (1841) 357. n.Yks. Speer'th deaur
and flay back'th cat ; There's! backon in her mouth, hit her a bat,
MERITON Praise Ale (1684) 1. 319-20; They beared his swipple
• . . gannin' wiv a strange quick bat o' t'lathe fleear, ATKINSON
Maori, Parish (1891) 54 ; n.Yks.1 Puir tyke ! 't gets mair bats an
bites [more blows than victuals]. Tak' heed ! mebbe he'll tak' it a
bat ; n.Yks.2 I'll give thee thy bats ; n.Yks.3 ne.Yks.1 He gav
him sikan a bat ower t'back. Noo thoo'll git thi bats inoo if thoo
deean't behave thisen. e.Yks. Aa'll gi' tha' thi' bats, MARSHALL
Rur. Econ. (1788) ; Give him a bat ower heead for his pawk
[impudence], NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 23 ; e.Yks.1 Thoo'll get
thy bats, my lad, for deein that, when thy fayther cums whom.
m.Yks.1 w.Yks. Bud Poll tuk that a bat at chops An screeam'd
aght, 'Thaa'rtaliar !' PRESTON Poems (1872) Poll Blossom ; Nah an
then givin his stomach a gooid bat wi his fist, as it wor mis-
behaivin' itsel, Pudsey Olm. (1883) 21; Ah doan't care a bat [' don't
care a rap '] (jE.B.) ; w.Yks.5 Gee him a bat o' t'head ! Lan. Aw
up wi' my fist an' gan her a bat between th' een, BRIERLEY Red
Wind. (1868) 25 ; Hoo gien Sarah a bat o'er th' face wi hur fist,
STATON Loaminary (c. 1861) 62 ; Lan.1 n.Lan. Hi gev him a bat
undar t'lug (W.S.) ; n-Lan.1, ne.Lan.1 m.Lan.1 Give id a bat o'
th' chops wi' a cricket bat. Chs.1 Stf.2 Oi noo sooner sed th'
word, tin 'e caat mi u bat us sent me floyin. Der.2, nw.Der.1
n-Lin.1 He fetch'd me such a bat o' th' side o' my head, it maade all
my teath chitter. Nhp.1 [In working stone, or' batting '] each blow
with the mallet is called a bat, and one mason will often say to
another, such a one strikes a good bat (s.v. Batting). War.2,
Shr.1 2 Suf. He come a good bat agin the door (C.T.) ; That
come up agin it a good tight bat (W.R.E.). Dev. He gave the
colt a bat on the side, w. Times (Feb. 26, 1886) a, col. 2.
2. The stroke or blow of a weaver in sending home the
weft.
w.Yks. Used of the movement of the ' slay ' or reed in the
' going part ' of a handloom, whereby the weft was sent home.
Much of the skill of a weaver was shown in the regularity of his
' bat,' which would produce even cloth. If the weft threads could
not be got close enough by one stroke or bat, two were given, or
one and two alternately (W.T.).
3. The stroke of a clock.
Cum. Afoor t'last bat soonded we'd wished yan anudder a Happy
New Year, GWORDIE GREENUP Anudder Batch (1873) 32. n.Yks.1
4. A ' stroke ' of work. Also in phr. to keep one at the bat,
to keep one steadily at work.
Sc. Though he's nae bad hand when he's on the loom, it is nae
easy matter to keep him at the batt, HOGG Wint. Ev. Tales, I. 337
(JAM.). n-Yks.1 Ah hevn't strucken a bat sen Marti'mas. ne.Yks.1
Ah's aboot at t'last bat [at the last stroke, worn out]. w.Yks.
Aar Sammy's nivver struck a bat, ECCLES Sngs. (1862) 101 ; Aw
haven't stricken a bat this wick, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1878) 41 ;
If aw wor him awd nivver do another bat, ib. Tales, 2nd S. 61 ;
w.Yks.3 He has not struck a bat sin' Christmas. Lan. Theaw
hasn't struck bat now for nearly a yer, Ballad, Eawr Nan an' Me.
5. Rate of motion, speed, pace. Also fig. of ' fast ' living:
rate.
N.Cy.1 Dur.1 He went at a terrible bat. He lived at a great bat
[very extravagantly]. Cum. Haud on a bit ! till we get to t'hingin
ground, an' then ye'll see her gan a rare bat (J.Ar.). Wm.1 Tha
walks at a girt bat. n.Yks. He'll niwer get there at that bat
(I. W.) ; n-Yks.1 He gans on at a sad bat. e.Yks. Thoo can't hod
on lang at that bat, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 95. w.Yks. Hlfx.
Wds. ; w.Yks.1 It wer t'varra saam fellow at raad, at a girt bat,
down our loan, ii. 303. Lan. Reight merrily we drove, full bat,
RIDINGS Muse (1853) 26 ; The werld whizzus reawnd at sich o bat
we hannot toime te fo' off, SCHOLES Tim Gamwaltle (1857) 24 ;
Lan.1 ' By th' mon,' said he, as he turn't his collar up and cruttle't
into th' nook, ' it's [rain's] comin' deawn full bat,' WAUGH Sneck-
Banl (1868) ii. ne.Lan.1 e-Lan.1 He ran at a great bat. m.Lan.1
Comin' to'rt tha at a good bat. Chs. He was going at a bonny
bat (E.M.G.) ; Chs.1 He ran full bat agen him. s.Chs.1 Tu goa- ut
ii praafi baaf [logo at a pratty bat]. Not (J.H.B.) ; (W.H.S.)
n.Lin.1 Thaay do go at a straange bat on them theare raailroads.
sw.Lin.1 He was going such a bat, he could not turn hissen.
Lei.1 Doon't ye goo a sooch a bat ; yeen't walkin' for a weeger.
War.3 What a bat you're going. se.Wor.1 I've come along at
a smartish bat, an' it fetches the sweat out on mu, above a bit
Shr.1 'E's gooin at a pretty bat Hrf.2 e.Sus. HOLLOWAY.
Colloq. Here they come, a mixed flock of birds full bat overhead,
Dy. News (Aug. 18, 1887) 6, col. 3 (FARMER). [Amer. slang. A
spree, a drunken bout, FARMER. Aus., N.S.W. I saw him mount
and start off at a rattling good bat along the road, BOLDREWOOD
Robbery (1888) III. xiii.]
6. Manner, rate, condition, state of health. In phr. the
old bat, the same did way, as usual.
Slk. About a bat, upon a par (JAM.). Rxb. About the auld bat
BAT
[182]
BAT
(<6.). N.Cy.1 At the same bat. Nhb.1 If aa divventgan this week
aa'll gan the next, at ony bat [under any circumstances]. Aa's just
th' aad-bat : aa's just th' aad-bat ; . . . elwis aa's glad, whether
good time or bad, Just to say — aa's aboot th' aad-bat, Song, Th'
Aad-bat. Dur.1 He is reduced to a sad bat. Cum. When it's gitten
to that bat, it'll come til an end, ye'll see(M.P.) ; T'felley's, teuh, was
aboot t'seaam batt, fer t'dooal at sud a hodden thur tegidder endwess
was oa brokken, SARGISSON J. Scoap (1881) 218; Cum.1 Wm.
But he war olus et t'aald bat, JACK ROBISON Aald Taales (1882) 8 ;
Wm.1 Well, hoo ist ta?— Whya a's just i't aid-bat. n.Yks.2
e.Yks.1 Jack's at awd bat ageean, MS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks. I
began ta laffat him, but I wor varry sooin at t'same bat, Pudsey
Olm. (1883) 21 ; My feet are all right in the morning, but towards
ii o'clock it's just the same old bat (F. P.T.) ; Ah've nobbut
addled two bob a-day fer three week. — Aw ! whah ah've been on
at that bat fer aboon three wick (JE.B.) ; w.Yks.1 He gangs on at
saam bat ; w.Yks.3 What bat are ye at ? [what are you doing ?]
Lan. My wife's same as usal, too — gooin on at th' owd bat,
CLEGG Davids Loom (1894) ii ; How are things shappin down i" th'
cloof?— About th' owd bat, WAUGH Chimn. Corner (1879) 114;
Lan.1 n.Lan.1 I was varra weel yesterda, but now I'se at t'ald
bat again. ne.Lan.1 n.Lin.1 Oor parson's at his ohd bat, preachin'
agen Methodises and Ranters.
m. A fragment ; a broken piece ; a mass, lump, bundle.
1. A fragment, remnant. Also in phr. bits and bats, odds
and ends, broken pieces.
w.Yks. The remnant of a cigar or pipe of tobacco. Pick up all
t'bits and bats lying about (J.T.).
2. A broken brick, a brickbat.
w.Yks. (J.T.) Ken. Those houses were built with bats (D.W. L.) ;
(P.M.) Sus. (F.E.S.) w.Som.1 Bricks when not whole are called
half or three-quarter bats.
3. The corner of a field ; a short ridge.
Hmp.1 Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 In ploughing a field
there are always some corners and generally other small places
which cannot be got at with the plough, and must be dug by hand
— these are called baats.
4. A strip of land between two trenches in a ploughed field.
Dev. His father used to put one sort of manure on one bat, and
another sort on the next, Reports Provinc. (1895).
5. A parting in coal or in ironstone.
Stf. At Wednesbury the last parting or laming [?] that lies
between the upper and the nether coal is call'd a bat, between
i and 3 yards thick (K.) ; Stf.1
6. Coal which contains pieces of shale or slate. Also
known as Bass or Bath, q. v.
_ n.Yks.2 s.Stf. N. & Q. (1873) 4th S. xii. 376 ; We seed lumps
o' what we thought was coal but it was nuthin but bats, PINNOCK
Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895). Stf.1, Der.2, Lei.1, Nhp.1
Hence Batty, adj. Of coal : slaty, bad for burning.
Lei.1 The coal wur that batty, tworn't good enew to bun bricks
wi'. Nhp.1 It's poor coal, it's so batty. War. (J.R.W.) ; War.23
7. A turf used for burning.
nXin.1
8. Hatters' term : a layer of wool or other material of
which the hat body is made.
Chs.1
9. In pottery works : a flat slab made either of plaster
or of earthenware.
Stf.2 A flat slab, on which unfinished ware stands in the makers'
shops.
10. A kind of cake.
Wil.1 A thin kind of oven-cake, about as thick as a tea-cake, but
mostly crust.
[I. 1. Bat, a heavy stick, a club, ASH (1795) ; A bat or
dubjfustis, baculus, ROBERTSON Phras. (1693) ; Make you
ready your stiff bats and clubs, SHAKS. Cor. \. i. 165 ;
Here bis boy is, je bade us go bary With battis, York
Plays (c. 1400) 334 ; He nemeth is bat and forth a goth,
Sir Beves (c. 1350) 391. H. 1. To have a batt at the Pope
with the butt end of a Dominican, WHALLEY Establ.
Ret. (1674) 22 (N.E.D.). m. 1. Of battys and broken bred
thi bely for to fylle, P. Plowman (A.) xn. 70 (Ingilby MS.).
2. Of a bat of erthe a man and a mayde, ib. (c.) xix. 02 1
BAT, si.2 Sc. Yks. Not Lin. Lei. Also Dev A
bundle of straw or rushes, usually two wheat-sheaves
fastened together. Called also a Batten, q. v.
Edb. 1 asked him about curing the sturdie, and the snifters, and
the batts, and such like, MOIR Mansie Waitch (1828) xvii. ra.Yks.1
w.Yks. WATSON Hist. Hlfx. (1775) 532 ; We a bat a straw teed to
ther backs, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1851)53; w.Yks.3
The straw of two wheat-sheaves tied together ; w.Yks.4; w.Yks.5
A bat o' strawah. Not. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). s.Not.
(J.P.K.) Not.3 A sheaf of straw for thatching or covering stacks.
n.Lin. If he'll let him hev a few bats to mak a bed on, M. PEACOCK
Taales (1889) 122 ; The barrils hoisted into th' cart And covered
down wi' bats, E. PEACOCK R. Skirlaugh (1870) II. 118; n.Lin.1
I alus mak th' last wheat stack I hev into bats agen harvist time.
sw-Lin.1 They're fetching a load of bats to cover down with. He'd
have bats ready, and bat the stack down, not thack them. Lei.1
Dev. TV. Times (Feb. 26, 1886) 2, col. 2.
BAT, sb.a Lan. Som. Dev.
1. A heavy laced boof, with hob-nails.
Som. W. &J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 Called also 'aa-f baats.' Aay-d
u-biin een tu beespai'k u pae'ur u baats [I had been in to bespeak
a pair of bats]. Dev. When he kim'd to a varmer's howze, They
awl wiz gone ta bed 'Sept one, an her sa quiet's a mouze, Zed . . .
' Take off the bats, an kirn inside,' HARE Bn'ther Jan (1863) 18, ed.
1887. Slang. Among thieves, a pair of bad or old boots (FARMER).
2. A child's shoe, made without a welt.
Lan.1
Hence Bat-maker, sb. one who makes children's shoes.
Lan.1 When about twelve years of age I went to learn the trade
of a batmaker, BUXTON Botan. Guide (1849) 4-
BAT, sb* Sc. Nhb. Yks.
1. A river-island. Twd. QAM.) See Battock.
2. A margin of low-lying land which is overflowed at
spring tides or in floods.
Bwk. Various fisheries on the south side of the Tweed between
Berwick bridge and the sea are called bats, such as ' Bailiffs bat,'
' Davie's bat,' &c. Upon these fisheries (and also upon others not
thus denominated) are heaps of stones called bats, upon which the
nets are drawn when there is no means of landing them in the
usual way (from the bank of the river being steep), WEDDELL
Salmon Fishing m Archaeol.Aeliana,\V.y>^ (HESLOP Nhb. Words).
Nhb.1, n.Yks.3
BAT, sb.6 Lin. A boat used for clearing drains in the
fen district. Cf. bab, sb?
Lin. The bat was a flat-bottomed boat, a sort of ' dredge,' with
hooks in the bottom, which tore up weeds, disturbed the mud, &c.
(J.C.W.)
BAT, sb.e Irel. Yks. Lin.
1. A moth.
N.I.1 A bat [vesperlilio] is called a leather-winged bat [to dis-
tinguish it from bat, a moth]. Frm. Science Gossip (1883) 41.
2. Dark specks which appear floating before the eyes
when the sight is impaired.
n.Yks.2
3. Contp. Bat-eyed, near-sighted.
n.Lin.1
[Cp. Fr. blatte (Lat. blatta), a moth. The dial, form may
be due to form assoc. w. bat (' vespertilio '). It may be
noted that MLat. blatta, glossed ' nacht fleddermuss ' (DiE-
FENBACH Gloss. 1867) = Lat. blatta, a moth.]
BAT, v.1 Sc. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Not.
Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf.
1. To hit, strike ; to tap.
Slk. (JAM.) Wm. Oor Susan was batten Jim Dobson's lugs a
Setterday neet, TAYLOR Sketches (1882) 34. w.Yks.5, ne-Lan.1
Chs. He batted him over the head (E.M.G.). s-Chs.1 Baaf iz'
broo for)im [bat his broo for him]. Stf.1 w.Wor. So I bats him
on his yud wi' ma hat, S. BEAUCHAMP Grantley Grange (1874) I.
29. Shr.1 Mothers bat their children in playful reproof; Shr.2
Batt him on the back.
2. To beat with a spade, flail, &c. ; to press down,
flatten, compress.
Cum. To beat with a flail, so as to cause the corn partially to
fall out of the sheaf (M.P.). Chs.1 s.Chs.1 To bat a garden-bed
with a spade, to bat the coals flat down upon the fire, &c. Stf.1 ;
Stt2 Oi want thel bat this turf. s.Not. He raked the soil ower an'
then batted it down with 'is spade. War.2 To bat down uneven
turf, soil, &c. Shr.1 G66 an' fatch a box o' slack to rake the fire ;
an' bring the shovel alung 66th yo to bat it down well as it shanna
burn through, Hrf.1
Hence (i) Batted, ppl. adj. hardened, compressed ; see
below ; (2) Batting, vbl. sb. striking, pressing down.
(i) Sc. Like beildless birdies when they ea' [?] Frae wet, wee
BAT
[183]
BATE
wing the batted snaw, THOM Rhymes (1844) 61. Nhp.1 A stone-
mason's term for stone when it is worked off with a tool instead
of being rubbed smooth ; if a mason inquires how stone is to be
worked, he asks ' Is it to be batted or rubbed?' (a> Lan. Thou
desarves this wot porritch-slice battin about thy mouth, BRIERLEY
Waverlow (1884) 65. Stf.2 Thel costna wheil that barraful o' ess
daln th' road wi'out battin it daln.
3. Of a bird: to beat the wings; also/^. to triumph,
exult. Of persons : to beat the arms across the breast
for the sake of warmth.
Lan. Owd Racketybag'll bat her wings, an' crow o'er thi past owt,
BRIERLEY Traddlepin Fold, viii ; ib. To E. Waugh in Country Wds.
(1867) 164. S.C11S.1 Iv)yu- kon-)u ky'ee-p yursel • waa'rm wi)yur
job, yoa- mun baat- [if yo conna keep yursel warm wi' yur job, yo
mun bat].
4. To blink the eyes.
w.Yks. (S.O.A.) Chs. (E.M.G.) ; Chs.1 Dunna bat thi eye a
that'ns; Chs.23 s.Chs.1 Dhaa kon-ju mai- mi baat- mi ahyz [tha
conna may me bat my eyes]. Stf.1 ; Stf.2 Oi cudna stand th' let
i" chapel last net, it med me bat mi aise ivver so. Der.1 2, nw.Der.1
Not.2 Th' time sames gone afore yer can bat yer eye. Lei.1
War.2 What makes the child bat his eyes so ? w.Wor.1 Now,
Lizzie, thahr yu be a battin' uv your eyes agen ! 'Ow many times
'ave I towd yu not to bat 'em so? Shr.1 'E bats 'is eyes like a
louse i' the ess.
5. To walk at a quick pace. Hence Batting, vbl. sb.
walking fast.
Lan. Heaw they staret when they seed Billy battin away across
a fielt, Old Radicals and Young Reformers, 13.
[1. To batte, fustigare, tundere, LEVINS Manip. (1570).
3. To bat (as a hawk), volaturio, COLES (1679) ; Batting or
to bat is when a hawke fluttereth with her wings either
from the pearch or the mans fist, striving as it were to
flie away, LATHAM Falconry (1615) Gloss. (N.E.D.)]
BAT, v.2 Lin. Lei. To cover with bundles of straw ;
to thatch roughly. Also in phr. to bat down.
n.Lin.1 Stacks are batted down as soon as they are ' topped up,'
i.e. finished, by having bats pinned on them with thatch-pegs.
After the harvest has been got in these bats are removed and the
stack is thatched. To cover a potatoe-pie or a heap of turnips or
mangel-wurzels with straw preparatory to putting earth upon it,
is called batting down. Lei.1 To cover with bats, as a rough roof-
ing for ricks before being properly thatched, or for covering potato
heaps, bricks drying before being baked, &c.
BAT-BIRDING, vbl. sb. Glo. Taking birds by night in
hand-nets. See Bat-fowl, Batfolding.
Glo.12
BATCH, sb.1 Sc. and in gen. use in n. and midl.
counties ; also e.An. Sus. Hmp. Som. [batf, baetf.]
1. The quantity of bread or pies baked at one time ; a
baking. In gen. use.
Nhb° w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds.; w.Yks.4, ne.Lan.1 Chs.1 If barm is
bad, it spoils the whole batch. We speak of making ' a batch of
pies ' to last the whole week ; Chs.23 Stf.2 We'n gotten u rer
gud batch i' th' uven tfidee, oi 6ni 'Op it'll cum ait aa ret. Der.2,
nw-Der.1 Not.(J.H.B.); (W.H.S.) War.(J.R.W.),Wor. (J.W.P.),
Shr.12, Suf.1, Sus.1 w.Som.1 The barm stinkt, and spwoiled all
the batch o' bread. [Gl. Lab. (i&)4\~\
Hence Batchie, sb. a baker (JAM. Suppl.).
2. The quantity of corn sent to the mill for one grinding.
Nhb. The miller — the ' Poker ' as he was termed — came through
the village with his cart laden with the ' batches ' he had ground
for his customers, DIXON Whittingham (1895) 273 ; Nhb.1 The
hinds, when paid in kind by corn, &c., took these small quantities
to the miller, who made them into batches. Cum. And thresh a
lock bigg for a batch, DICKINSON Cumbr. (1876) 240; Cum.1 Cum.,
Wm. The name was modified by the grain, as a wheat-batch, for
white bread, or for brown (of rye and barley mixed), and for oat-
meal a haver-batch. Formerly, in the country, the miller's cart
came round daily to collect and return the batches. ' Batches
ground with despatch. Parties sending batches must have their
sacks properly marked,' Advt. in Penrith Paper (1878) (M.P.).
Chs.1 We're getten short o' flour, you mun send a batch to th mill ;
Chs.3 The small bag of corn taken by a cottager to be ground.
Midi. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796). Not.3 A batch is usually 3 or
4 bushels. Shr.1 The inhabitants of the united parishes of this
town [Shrewsbury] may have their corn ground at Kingsland
Windmill for sixpence a bushel. A cart will go regularly through
the town two or three times a week to fetch and deliver the
batches, Old Handbill (1796) ; Shr.2 Hers gwon to tak the batch
to be gron.
3. Flour used for common household purposes, as op-
posed to ' best.' , Usually called Batch-flour ; see below.
Chs.23 s.Chs.1 Oo)z yoozd au' mi best flaawur, un naay ahy)v
nuwt bu baach- i)dh aays fur nuwt [Hoo's used aw my best flour,
an' naT I've nowt bu' batch i' th' hai'se fur nowt].
4. Comp. (i) Batch-cake, a small flat cake of dough,
baked in the oven with the ' batch ' of bread ; (z) -day,
baking-day ; (3) -flour, coarse or brown flour for house-
hold use ; (4) -loaf, a small fresh-baked loaf.
(i) Lan.1, Lei.1, Nhp.1 War.23 Made of the surplus dough after
the batch of bread is moulded. ne.Wor. Batch cakes are sold by
country bakers for a penny each. They are flat and nearly round,
or oblong, and are not baked so hard as a loaf (J.W.P.). Shr.1
A small ' oven-bottom ' loaf made for immediate use. In farm-
houses the large loaves are made in two parts, a lesser on a greater,
like what bakers call a ' cottage-loaf.' The batch-cake, on the
contrary, is of one undivided portion. We mun inak' a couple
o' batch- cakes to save cuttin' the new bread, for theer is but a
cantel o' the owd left. Oxf.1 Baked at the mouth of the oven, and
frequently taken out and eaten before the batch is done, MS. add.
(2) Edb. Butter-bakes, crimp and new baked, it being batch-
day, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) xxiv. (3) Chs.1 3, s-Chs.1, War.
(J.R.W.) Shr.1 Batch-flour is produced chiefly from wheat,
though barley, rye, and even rice are sometimes admitted into its
composition. (4) s.War.1, Dev.3
5. Of things : a number, quantity. Of persons : a
number, a set, clique, family.
Ayr. A batch of wabster lads— planted themselves at the gable
of the malt-kiln, where they were wont, when trade was better, to
play at the handball, GALT Legatees (1821) 282 ; An' there, a batch
o' wabster lads Blackguarding frae Kilmarnock, BURNS Holy Fair
(1785). Cum.1 The heall batch o' them. n.Yks.1 This word is
used, somewhat disparagingly, to group together any clique or set
of associates, of not the best possible repute, perhaps ; n.Yks.2,
m-Yks.1, ne.Lan.1 Chs.1 ; Chs.3 He's the best of the batch. Stf.2
Thi's u Ol batch o' pOchers just gon i' th' wood ; oi recken the'n
get 'ung sum dee fir that sort o' wirk. Nhp.1 A good batch of
anything is equivalent to a good quantity ; and the whole batch
when applied to persons is synonymous with the ' whole boiling,'
and generally used in the same opprobious sense, as ' the whole
batch of them are good for nothing.' Wor. (J.W.P.), War.2,
Shr.1 Brks. LOUSLEY Gl. (1852). Suf.1 A pretty batch of lambs —
or quaintly, a precious batch of rogues. e.Sus., Hmp. A batch of
drunkards, HOLLOWAY.
6. A bout or turn of drinking, card-playing, gossip, &c.
Nhp.1 ne.Wor. I'll go an' 'ave a batch [of talk] along of 'er
(J.W.P.). Shr.2 A batch at play. e.An.1 e.Sus., Hmp. HOLLOWAY.
7. A pack of cards.
Cum. (M.P.) ; Cum.1
[1. Batche of bredde, fournee de pain, PALSGR. (1530).
5. A whole batch, sir, Almost of the same leaven : your
needy debtors, MASSINGER City Madam (1632) iv. i.
— Cogn. w. bake, yb. The word is not recorded in OE.]
BATCH, sb? Hrf. [bsetf.] The palm of the hand.
Hrf.2
BATCH, see Bache.
BATCHING, sb. War. An unfledged bird. Cf. bal-
chin.
War.2, s-War.1
BATE, sb.1 Nhb. Dur. Yks. Chs. Written bait w.Yks.
[bet, beat]
1. Abatement, cessation, ' break.'
w.Yks. It rains, withaght a minnit a bait, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE
Baimsla Ann. (1865).
2. Comp. Bate-work, in a coal-pit : short work.
Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
3. A defect or fault in minerals, &c. Cf. bait, sb.3
n.Yks.2 The occurrence of some substance different to the main
material, as when a line of silex discovers itself in a lump of jet,
which detracts from its value.
4. A lump of wood or stone used as the fulcrum of a lever.
Chs.1
[The same as Bate, v.1]
BATE, sb* Chs. Der. Written beet s.Chs.1 [bet.]
A contest, contention, argument.
s.Chs.1 Ah'd a terrible beet wi' So and So. A woman said she
had had a terrible ' beet ' with her hens, which refused to go on
BATE
[184]
BATEABLE
the roost. nw.Der.1 [Also in comp. Make-bate, a quarrelsome
fellow, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (M.)]
[Bate (strife), it's, contentio, COLES (1670) ; And breeds
not bate with telling of discreet stories, SHAKS. 2 Hen. IV,
u. iv. 271 ; He boldly with bate bis baret began, Best. Troy
(c. 1400) 5274 ; Bituix mi sistens es be bate (debate, Trin.
MS.), Cursor M. (c. 1300) 9684. The same as Bate, v?}
BATE, sb? Ess. Som. Dev. Slang. Also written bait,
[bet, beat.] A bad temper, a state of irritation. See
Bait, v?
Ess. Daddy's in a bate, I can see (A.S.P.). w.Som., n.Dev. In
quite common use (F.T.E.). Slang. I went calmly on, smoking
my cigar as if nothing was the matter. That put the Proctor in
a bait, I can tell you, ANSTEY Vice-Versa (1882) v (FARMER) ; ' He
was in an awful bait ' was common in the Clapham Grammar
School, 1857 (A.L.M.).
BATE, sb* Lin. [bet] A habit, custom.
n.Lin.1 Sam's harse hed gotten a bate o' stoppin' at ivery public-
hoose atween Barton Watter-side an' Riseholme To'npike. My
lad's gotten a bate o' swearin', all thrif goin' to that damn'd school
o' yours.
[Prob. the same as Bait, sb.1]
BATE, sb.s Lan. In games : a mark to start from.
Lan. Used in such games as football or a footrace (S.W.).
BATE, v.1 In all n. counties to Chs. Stf. Der. Lin.
Also War. Shr. Glo. Oxf. Brks. Lon. Wil. Som. Dev.
Also in form baty Som. Dev. ; beatt Cum.1 ; beate Cum. ;
bait w.Yks.1 [bet, beat.]
1. To abate, diminish, fall off in quantity.
w.Yks. It didn't bate much t' remainder o't week, Wadsley Jack '
(1866) x; Ah wish t'rain ud bate a bit, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Aug.
8, 1891). Lan. Th' rain'll happen bate in a bit, WAUGH Hermit
Cobbler, ix. ne.Lan.1 Chs.1 When white clover comes i' bob th'
cows are sure to bate i' their milk. s.Chs.1 Aan- yur ky'ey bigiin-
tu bai-t yet ? [Han yur key begun to bate yet ?] sw-Lin.1 They
reckon it's bating a deal Glo. (S.L.) Oxf.1 Uuy stopt tu see if
dhu rain ud bait u bit [I stoppt t'see if th' rain 06d 'bate a bit].
n.Wil. The rain don't sim to bate, do it ? (E.H.G.) Som. But if the
rain'll 'batey We'll zoon vorget bad ' zeventy nine' In zunny ' eighteen
eighty,' FRANK Nine Days (1879) 64. Dev. Ill never bate the love
I bears "e, come what shall tu us, PHILLPOTTS Dartmoor (1896) 143.
Hence Bating, vbl. sb. a falling off, diminution.
w.Yks. A roarin trade is nah done, an yo mun expect it ta con-
tinue withat mich batein, Dewsbre Olm. (1875) 7.
2. In knitting : to decrease the number of stitches, to
narrow.
Dev. I won't bate wan more steech. I be batyn the ca've now,
HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) ; Now baty one side each, Reports
Provinc. (1887) 4. nw.Dev.1
' 3. Of the moon : to wane.
n.Dev. You mussen kill a peg when the mune wis batin or the
vlesh wudden plummy in cookin, GILES Gude Old Times in n.Dev.
Jrn. (Sept. 17, 1885) 6, col. 6. nw.Dev.1
4. To make a reduction in price, to lower a bargain ; to
cause to reduce. Also in phr. to bate down, to haggle, to
force the seller to lower his price.
Nhb.1 Aawinna bate a penny. Dur.1 Cum. ' What weage dus te
ax, canny lad?' says yen. 'Wey, three pun and a crown ; wunnet
beate a hair o' my beard,' ANDERSON Ballads (1805) 54 ; Ah won't
beat a strand o' me whupcword, FARRALL Betty Wilson (1886) 119;
Cum.1 Aa'll nut beatt a single fardin. Win.1, e.Yks.1 w.Yks.1
Thou mun bate summat. Lan. I'll not bateabodle [half a farthing],
WAUGH Sneck-Bant (1868) iii ; Lan.1 Well, what'n yobate ? Aw'st
noan gie that mich, as heaw it is. Chs.1 He axed me fowrteen
pound, but ah bated him dain to twelve. s.Chs.1 Kon-)u yi bai't
mi u shil-in ? [Conna ye bate me a shillin' ?] Stf.2 Gi' mi tuenty
pun fur th' oss an it's thoine ; ber oi wunna bet thi u hfipni. Der.
Yo' could bate 'em a bit, WARD D. Grieve (1892) I. iv; Der.1
n.Lin.1 I wean't baate noht at all ; so you tak her [a cow] or leave
her just as you hev a mind. sw.Lin.1 He wants a great raisement,
but mebbe he'll bate a bit. War.3 I won't sell him no more, he
bated me down so with the last If yo'll take the three on 'em I'll
bate sixpence on the lot. Shr.1 Mate's desport dear, tenpence a
pound, tak' it or lave it ; 'e 6odna bate a halfpenny. Glo. Hu
woan't bate the hod yapenny, LYSONS Vulg. Tongue (1868) 46.
Oxf.1 1 wunt bate a penny, whether ye takes or levy 'un. MS. add.
Brks.1 w.Som.1 Bae-ut mee zik-spuns-n aa-1 ab-m [Come down
sixpence, and I will have it]. — Aay oa'n bae-ut u vaar-dn [I will
not abate a farthing]. The above is about the only meaning known
in the dialect. Dev. He didn't git all he axed vir, I bated him
some of the money, w.Times (Feb. 26, 1886) 2, col. 2. [HoL-
LOWAY ; A local term, expressive of the offer which some middle-
men with their non-unionist workmen make to an employer to
perform a Government contract at a deduction, Gl. Lab. (1894).]
Hence Bating, vbl. sb. beating down in price.
Lon. He wouldn't stand 'bating, or be kept haggling, MAYHEW
Land. Labour (1851) II. 135.
6. To reduce a workman's wages ; esp. to make a de-
duction on account of careless work, &c.
e.Yks. NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 51. w.Yks. When th' draw-
day coom, an' they wanted ther brass, aw'd bate 'em, HARTLEY
Clock Aim. (1869) 27 ; Flayed o' gettin bayted, it. (1873) 37 ;
(J.T.) ; I'll bate tha sixpence, Leeds Merc. Stiff!. (Dec. 27, 1890).
Lan. He always past o'er all her faults, And never used to bate her,
GASKEL Comic Sngs. (1841) 7 ; But th' Mester|s just, an' weel He
knows Ut th' yarn were none so good ; He winna bate me when
He sees Aw've done as weel's aw could, BEALEY Jottings (1865)
13. ne.Lan. One day hoo'd a float in her piece, and aw couldn't
find it i' mi heart to bate her, MATHER Idylls (1895) 315. m.Lan.1
When a hoss is baited id geds summat gi'n id, but when a weyver
geds bated he geds summat tekken off him. Chs.1 Having one's
wages bated ; Chs.3 A factory or other hand, having part of his
wages deducted for negligence or other reason, is said to be bated.
s.Chs.1 Dhi bin- thingk'in u bai'tin dhflr wmrrkmun t6o bob fl wik
[they bin thinkin" o' batin' their workmen two bob a wik].
6. To want ; to fall short of.
n.Lin. He bated six months of ninety (M.P.).
[1. Bate (v. int.), to decrease, ASH (1795) ; To bate, de-
cresco, minuor, COLES (1679) ; pe rayn . . . batede, Allit. P.
(c. 1360) B. 440. 4. I will not bate a penny, Life T.
Cromwell (1602) n. iii. 92 (N.E.D.) ; Batyn or abaten of
weyte or mesure, subtraho, Prompt. Aphetic form of
abate.}
BATE, v.2 Som. Dev. [beat.] To contend, quarrel.
w.Som. Still in use (F.T.E.). Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) j
Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 422. n.Dev. Zet voaks to bate, Exm. Scold.
(1746) 1. 226 ; Jim floshed up, ' I shan't bate,' ROCK Jim an' Nell
(1867) st. 114.
[Batyn or make debate, turgor, Prompt. ; And for he
wil bus bate (debate, Trin. MS.) on me, 1 sal him drenkil
in be se, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 5913. Aphetic form of de-
bate, vb.]
BATE, v.3 Lan. In games : to start from a certain
place ; to toe the mark.
Lan. Still in use in games such as a footrace or football. Bate
fair ! Wheer't to bating fro'? (S.W.) ; Lan.1 Wheer did he bate from ?
BATE, v.* Sc. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lin. Also in
form beatt Cum. Past tense of bite.
n.Sc. The common form. The littlin [little one] baits tung fin
he wiz suppin's pothich [porridge] (W.G.). Per. ' He bate his
thoom ' is much more general than ' he bit ' (G.W.). Dur.1
Cum.1 Our dog beatt a lump out o' Tommy Tidy lad leg. s.Wm.
They bark'd and bate sare, HUTTON Dia. Storth andArnside (1760)
1. 53. n-Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 We nowther bate nor supp'd [neither
ate nor drank]. e.Yks.1 w.Yks. A gooid, hard-workin deasant
lad, As ivver bate o breead, PRESTON Poems (1864) 17 ; Yon lal savij
dog bet mi, bat hi didn't brek t'skin (W.H.) ; w.Yks.3 ; w.Yks.5
He baate o' that apple. n.Lin. A fox bate him (M. P.) ; n.Lin.1
My gran'muther, she naayther bate nor supt afoore goin' to th'
sacrament.
[Thai wyth thar mouth anis bait the erd, DOUGLAS
Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, iv. 41 ; For-bi es he ful wele we
wate pat neuer of bat appil bate (boot, Trin. MS.), Cursor
M. (c. 1300) 18732 ; Swa batt he bwerrt ut nohht ne bat
Off mete inn all batt fasste, Ormulum (c. 1200) 12422. OE.
bat, pret. of bitan, to bite.]
BATE, see Bait.
BATEABLE, adj. Obs. Nhb. Cum. Also written
battable Nhb.1 In phr. bateable ground or land, territory
on the borders of England and Scotland, which was
claimed by both countries.
n.Cy. (K.) ; The boundary-line usually follows the watershed.
But in various places the Scotch have encroached over the crest
of the hills. These encroachments are usually marked on old maps
as • batable,' i. e. debateable ground. One such plotof ' batable' land
lay between the properties of Mr. Carr and the Duke of Roxburgh,
WELFORD Men of Mark (1895) I. 503. Nhb. Wae's me God wot
BATED
BATING
But the bcggarlic Scot Though the 'batcablc land has prickit his
waie, DIXON Whittingham (1895) 192 ; Nhb.1 Also called Threap-
lands. Nhb., Cum. The great piece of bateable land lay between
the rivers Esk and Sark in n.Cum., but there were also bateable
lands of smaller extent on the Nhb. border (R.O.H.). Cum.1
[Datable ground, ager controversus, COLES (1679) ; Bat-
able ground seemeth to be the ground in question hereto-
fore, whether it belonged to England or Scotland, 23 Hen.
VIII, c. 16, as if we should say, debatable ground. For
by that name M. Skene (s.v. Plegius) calleth ground that
is in controversie betweene two, COWELL Interp. (1637).
Bate, vb.2 + -able.]
BATED, ppl. adj. Sus. Of fish : in good condition,
plump. Also in comp. well-bated.
Sus. Still in use (R.H.C.). e.Sus. HOLLOWAY.
BATER, sb.1 w.Som. [bea-tafr).] Hunting term : a
stag that has not got all his ' rights ' or projections on the
horns.
w.Som.1 A stag, which either from old age or hard living has
become scanty in his head. ' A heavy-bodied stag with a large slot,
having a head that might equally well indicate a bater — or deer
going back — or a youngish one,' Wellington Wkly. News (Aug. 26,
1886).
[Bate, vb.1 + -er.}
BATER, sb? Obs. ? Wxf.1 A lane leading to a high
road. [Not known to our correspondents.]
BATE-SHAVING, vbl. sb. Chs. A method of shaving
hides in tanning.
Chs.1 Shaving hides intended for upper leather to a uniform
thickness by means of a knife, made for the purpose, which has
its edge turned up.
[See Bate, v.1]
BATFOLDER, sb. Sur. Men and boys who catch
birds by night. See Batfowl.
Sur. N. & Q. (1880) 6th S. i. 238.
BATFOLDING, vbl. sb. Not. Hrt. Sur. Wil. Catching
birds by night in a folding-net. Also in comp. Bat-
folding-net. Cf. batfowl, bird-batting.
Not. Shall you come bat-folding some night? We've a good few
sparrows (L.C.M.), Hrt. They've gone batfolding again (G.H.G.).
Sur. A man has been bat-folding in the garden here, and says, by
way of excuse, that sparrows is very good to eat, N. & Q. (1880)
6th S. i. 238. Wil.1 Bat-folding net, the net used in bird-batting,
more usually ' clap-net' [Two nets, extended on frames with a bat
or racket, [are] folded or closed around the birds, BLACKLEY Wd.
Gossip (iB6cf) 222.]
BATFOWL, v. Obsol. War. Won Glo. Brks. Sus.
Hmp. To catch birds by night, by means of a net at-
tached to poles. Cf. bat-birding, batfolding, bird-
batting.
Brks. He taught them to throw flies, ... to bat-fowl and ferret
for rabbits, HUGHES T. Brown Oxf. (1861) xxx.
Hence -(i) Batfowler, sb. one who catches birds by
night ; (2) Batfowling, vbl. sb. the act of thus catching
birds.
(i) Sus.1 Hmp. The batfowlers, who take many red-wings in
the hedges, WHITE Selborne (1770) xxxi. (a) War. (J.R.W.) ;
War.3 A net is placed round a rick, or against ivy on a house
or building, on a dark night ; a lantern is then held up behind
the middle of the net, and the straw or ivy beaten with long
sticks. The birds fly towards the light, and the two poles of the
net are brought quickly together inwards, the net dropped to the
ground, and the sparrows captured. Wor. An old man near
Inkberrow, speaking of the damage done by birds, said, ' When
I was a lad we used to go a-batfowling ' (J.W.P.). Glo.12 Sus.1
The large folding-net [is] called a bat-fowling net (s.v. Batfowler).
[Breller, to bat-fowl, to catch birds by bat-fowling,
COTGR. ; Batfowlyn (or go to take birdes in the nyght,
Pynson's ed. 1499), aucubaculo, Prompt, (i) Batfouler, a
taker of byrdes, pipeur, PALSGR. ( 1530) ; Battfowlere,
aucubaculator, Prompt. (2) Batfowling, aucupium noc-
turnum, COLES (1679) ; We would so, and then go a bat-
fowling, SHAKS. Temp. n. i. 185.— Bat, sb.1 +'fowl, vb., i. e. to
go a fowling with bats or clubs.]
BATH, sb.1 Chs. Stony lumps in coal. Cf. bass.
Chs.1
BATH.sA.2 O&,.? Hrf. A sow.
Hrf. DUNCUMB Hist. Hrf. (1804) ; Hrf.1
VOL. I.
BATH, v. Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin. Also Som. Written
baiyath ne.Lan.1 [baf>.]
1. To foment with warm water.
n.Yks.1 Ah bath'd him wi' yett waiter, an' laid yett chisseltiv'm,
bud he niwer gat nae ease while moorn. ne.Yks.1 T'doctther
tell'd ma ti bath it weel. w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Aug. 8,
1891). ne.Lan.1, Chs.13, n-Lln.1 w.Som.1 Wee baath liz ai'd
uvuree dai wai chiil wau'dr eens mud waursh aewt au-1 dhu
kuruup-shn [we bathe his head every day with chilled water, so
as to wash out all the matter (from the wound".]
2. To rub liniment or lotion upon the body.
ne.Lan.1
[The same as lit. E. bath, sb.]
BATHE, v. Glo.
1. To toast.
Glo. Used at Dumbleton (H.S.H.) ; Glo.1
2. To wither.
Glo. (S.S.B.)
BATHED, ppl. adj. Obsol. Shr. Of meat: sodden,
underdone. Cf. bathy.
Shr.1 Betty, your fire's bin too slow, the meat isn't enough ; it's
bathed like somethin* between roasted an' boiled.
BATHER, v. Lei. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. [bastSa(r).]
1. Of birds : to take a dust bath.
w.Wor.1 Them chickens o" Tyler's be allus a batherin" in our
gardin. s-Wor.1, se.Wor.1 Hrf.1 ; Hrf.2 Bathering, [said] of part-
ridges roozling or ruffling in the dust. Glo. (A.B.) ; Glo.1
2. To scrape togethe'r.
w.Wor.1 That owd Shukey, er's a covetchous owd piece ! 'Er's
a stockin' full a money as 'er's bathered up some waay.
3. To buffet with the wings.
War.2 That new hen does bather the pullets.
4. To struggle ; to go hither and thither in search of
anything ; to fuss about.
w.Wor.1 My son's bin mighty bad : I thowt I sh'ud 'a lost 'im
sure-lie, but 'e's bathered thraow it now. s.Wor. An old or idle
man ' bathers ' about the house or garden, doing ' little messing
jobs ' (R.M.E.). Glo.1
5. To tread down standing corn or grass ; to shake down
fruit ; to beat down ; to spread abroad.
s.Wor. Men bather ashes when they spread the heaps over the
fields as manure (H.K.). se.Wor.1 Shr.1 The young turkies
bather the mowin' grass sadly. Cf. Father. Hrf.2 To shake
or knock down fruit. Glo. Litter for the sows to bather over
(S.S.B.).
Hence Bathering, ppl. adj. beating, driving.
Lei.1 The smook coom batherin' daoun the chimly.
[Bathe, vb. + -er, suff. of freq. vbs.]
BATHERER, sb. Obs. Wor. In comp. Ash-batherer,
a man who collected ashes for sale.
s.Wor. Formerly, within the memory of many, it was customary
for men to go about and buy up wood-ashes at farm-houses and
cottages, and carry them in bags on horse or donkey-back, and
retail them for making lye for washing purposes, or for cleaning
wooden ware, and as a substitute for soda (H.K.). se.Wor.1
BATHES, sb. Wxf. A goal.
Wxf.1 T'brek up ee bathes h'had na poustee [to break up the
goal they had no power], 88.
BATHIE, see Bothie.
BATHY, adj. Wor. Shr. Glo. Ken. Also written
beethy Shr.1 [be'ol]
1. Damp, moist. Of food : moist, sodden. Cf. bathed.
w.Wor.1 That graay'n 'ull be reg'lar sp'ilt in the loft thahr, it's
as bathy as can be. Shr.1 Said of sodden or underdone meat.
Glo. Be sure you have a bright clear fire or your chops will be
bathy (A.B.) ; Glo.1 e.Ken. Said of damp or mouldy linen (G.G.).
2. Of grass : heavy with moisture ; withered, beaten
down by the heat.
s.Wor. The grass is so bathy, the scythe doesn't come out of it
plim (H.K.) ; PORSON Quaint Wds. (1875). Shr.1 Said of fallen
leaves. Glo.1 1 likes to spread the vetches out a day or two to get
bathy, and get some of the moister out of 'em. The grass is that
bathy, as it bawds the scythe.
[Bathe, vb. + -y.~\
BATIE, see Bawty.
BATING, prep. Sc. Excepting, except.
Sc. My father stood by [John Knox] in his very warst days,
bating a chance time, when the Court . . . was against him, SCOTT
B b
BATLET
[186]
BATTEN
Nigel (1822) vii. Per. He had no money, bating what paid for his
railway ticket (G.W.)- Gall. In common colloq. use (A.W.).
BATLET, sb. Obsol. Yks. Also War.
1. A wooden implement used for beating clothes in the
washing-tub.
Yks. The ballet has been to some extent superseded by the
instrument called a ' dolly,' or ' peggy,' Yks. Wkly. Post (1883).
War. Also called ' Dolly ' and ' Maiden,' WISE Shakespeare (1861)
150. [Obs. ? Not known to our correspondents in War.]
2. An implement used in smoothing linen ; also called
battledoor, q. v.
Yks. These batlers or battledores, as they are now generally
called, are still in use, N. & Q. (1865) 3rd S. vii. 397. n.Yks.2
BATLINGS, sb.pl. e.An. Also written batlins e.An.1
Nrf.1 Suf.1 [bartlinz.]
1. The loppings of trees, when too small for timber. Cf.
bat, sb.1 1.
e.An.1 Nrf.1 The loppings or stowin of trees. Nrf., Suf. GROSE
(1790). Suf. The limbs of a tree which are too large for faggots, and
are sold for firewood (C.T.) ; RAINBIRD^^-W. (1819) 288, ed. 1849 ;
CULLUM Hist. Hawstead (1813) ; Suf.1 [Used] for firing, or hedging,
or hurdle making. When tied up into faggots, they are called
Bavens.
2. An unhewn rail.
e-An.1
BAT-MOUSE, sb. Hmp. Wil. Also in form batty-
Hmp. A bat, vespertilio.
Hmp. The */• form >s 'batty mouses' (H.C.M.B.). n.Wil.
(E.H.G.), Wll.i
[The word mouse occurs in many names of the bat, as,
for instance, ir\flinder-mouse,flitter-mouse, rere-mouse.}
BATON, sb. Obs. ? Abd. QAM.) An instrument for
beating mortar. [Not known to our correspondents.]
BATRONS, see Baudrons.
BATS, sb. pi. Sc. Glo. Also written batt Sc. ; bets Glo.1
1. A disease in horses or dogs, caused by small worms.
Sc. (JAM.), Glo.1
2. The colic.
Sc. (JAM.) Ayr. A countra laird had ta'en the batts, BURNS
Doctor Hornbook (1785) st. 27. Lnk. She never ran sour Jute
[liquor], because It gees the batts, RAMSAY Poems (1721) 30.
[1. The bots in cattel, verminatio, COLES (1679); The
bots, les trenchees, COTGR. ; The bottes, verminatio, ' Morbus
praesertim iumentorum quum torminibus afficiuntur,'
BARET (1580).]
BATSMAN, sb. Obs. Ken. A member of a gang of
smugglers, in the neighbourhood of Folkestone.
Ken. Batsmen was a common term among smugglers. The
term arose from the fact of their carrying stout ashen poles five
or six feet long, called bats. . . . They would arrange themselves
in rows leading from the beach to the spot where the goods were
being stowed or put into vehicles, and as there were often two or
three hundred of them they defied the blockade men, ENGLISH
Remin. 38.
BATSTAFF, sb. Obs. Shr. A wooden implement
used by washerwomen to beat clothes. Cf. bat, sb.\
battril.
Shr.1 In the Great Chamber . . . twelve bedstaves with a batt-
stafe, Inventory, Owlbury Manor-Hoiise, Bishop's Castle (1625) ;
Shr.2
BAT-STICK, see Bad-stick.
BATT, see Bat.
BATT ABLE, see Bateable.
BATT AN, see Batten.
BATTELS, sb.pl. Cum. (?) Oxf. [bze'tlz.] In Univer-
sity of Oxf. : the bill for meals supplied to students from
the College kitchen or buttery.
Cum. Gl. (1851). [Not known to our correspondents.] Oxf.
Battel bills always come in at the beginning of term when they
are flush of money, HUGHES T. Brown Oxf. (1861) 499 ; GROSE
(1790) ; So success to our College, our learning, May all but our
battels rise higher (1837). So short each meal, so long each battels-
bill (1841), GODDARD Brasenose Ale (1878) ; FARMER.
Hence Batteler, sb. Obs. A student who took rank
below a commoner ; one who did not have commons, but
paid only for what he actually ordered.
Oxf. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
[Dr. Charlett (one of his admirers) was sponsor for dis-
charge of his battles, HEARNE Coll. (1706), ed. 1885, I.
220 ; A batteler, a student in the University, that battles
or scores for his diet, BAILEY (1721) ; A battler, i. e. a
scholar, that battles for his commons, ROBERTSON Phras
(1693). See Battle, v?}
BATTEN, sb.1 Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lin. Lei. Nhp. e.An.
Also Som. and gen. tech. use. Also written battin
ne.Yks.1 ; batton Nrf. [ba'tan, bae'tan.]
1. A narrow plank, not mare than seven inches wide ; a
small strip of wood.
Nhb. (J.H.) Cum. Asteed o' his weel trim't riddel, he pull't oot
an oald blackin box, wid a peel't batten nail't on for a neck
FARRALL Betty Wilson (1886) 72 ; Cum.1 n.Yks.1 A spar of wood,
of indefinite length, five or six inches in breadth, and two or three
in thickness. ne.Yks.1, n-Lin.1 Lei.1 Technically, among builders,
a batten is a deal board 7 in. wide by 2^ in. thick ; but a batten of
this kind would cut into a score of pieces, each of which would be
called a ' batten ' in ordinary parlance. Nhp.1 [A scantling of
wooden stuff, from two to four inches broad, and about one thick
principally used for wainscot, and which also are bradded, on the
plain boards, WEALE (ed. 1873) ; In the timber trade battens are
pieces of wood of the same kind as ' deals,' and used mainly for
firewood, but smaller, Gl. Lab. (1894).]
2. A strip of wood used in ship-building or in roofing a
house.
w.Som.1 The strips of wood fixed longitudinally upon the rafters,
to which are fastened the slates, tiles, or thatch, as the case may
be. [Light strips of wood generally used for temporary work in
ship-building are called battens, Gl. Lab. (1894).]
3. A fencing-rail.
Nrf. GROSE Suppl. (1790). e.Nrf. Strong rails or battons, an inch
to one inch and a half thick, and eight or nine inches wide,
MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1787).
4. Comp. (i) Batten-door ; (2) -fence, a fence made by
nailing two or three rails to upright posts ; (3) -stick,
a small stick of peeled oak, taken from the ends of the
branches, gen. sold for fuel.
(i) ii.Lin.' A door made of boards nailed to cross pieces is
called a batten-door, to distinguish it from a panelled door. (2)
"hp-1 (3) Cum. A lot o' them . . . cum ower an fell oa t'trees ; . . .
t'seaal eh t'battin sticks'Il pay t'laber, SARGISSON Joe Scoap (1881)
72 ; Battin sticks are also known as peel'd yak (E.W.P.).
[Batten (a word used only by artificers), a scantling, a
thin strip of wood, ASH (1795) ; A batten (among car-
penters), a scantling of wooden stuff, from two to four
inches broad, and about an inch thick, BAILEY (1721). Fr.
batant, the piece of wood that runs all along upon the
edge of the lock-side of a door, gate, or window (COTGR.).]
BATTEN, sb? Obs. w.Yks. In handloom weaving :
a movable bar which closes the weft.
w.Yks. The threads of the weft are driven together by means of
a framework termed a batten, CUDWORTH Worstedopolis (1888)
53 ; Tewing with a picking stick and a batten (J.K.S.).
[Fr. battant, 'Traverse de bois horizontale qui supporte
le peigne d'un metier a tisser ' (HATZFELD).]
BATTEN, sb? Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf.
Der. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. Also written battin
n.Cy. (GROSE) Cum.1 n.Yks.2 Lan.1 ne.Lan.1 Chs.1 s.Chs.1
nw.Der.1 Shr.1 ; batting Nhp.1 [ba'tan, bae'tan.]
1. A bundle of straw, gen. of two sheaves fastened to-
gether. Cf. bolting.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790); N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Dur.1 Batten o' streah.
n.Yks. Weese git a battin and a burden rape, MERITOH Praise Ale
(1684) 1.5 ; n.Yks.i ; n.Yks.2 A thack-battin, a portion for thatch-
ing with. ne.Yks.1 w.Yks.2 Lan.1 Heaw much a battin, mestur?
ne.Lan.1 Chs.1 The quantity of a batten is the straw from two
sheaves of wheat ; or rather it was so in the days of flails. In
threshing with a machine, there is, of course, no guide to the
quantity of straw to be put into each batten. Twelve hand-threshed
battens of straw make one thrave ; Chs.3, s.Chs.1 Midi. MARSHALL
Rur. Econ. (1796). Stf.2 Eh Turn, just cut up i' th' loft, an chuck
us a batten or two o' straw dain. Der.2 nw.Der.1 Usually from
three sheaves of oats. Not. (J.H.B.) ; Not.1 n.Lin. Small sheaves
>f straw used for covering ricks, Sutton Wds. (1881). Lin.1, Lei.1
Nhp.1 A bundle or bottle of wheat or rye straw after threshing,
bound with bands; sometimes two or three, if large ; confined, I
believe, to the s. district, 'bolting' and 'bottle' being in common use
BATTEN
[187!
BATTER
in other parts of the county. War.3 Shr. N. & Q. (1856) and S. ii.
409 ; Shr.1 The term is used in the singular form only. Twelve
battin make a thrave.
2. In//., straw which has been half-threshed.
Cum. Given as tit- bits to weakly cattle, as combining the grain,
with the usual foddering of straw (M.P.) ; Cum.1
BATTEN, v.1 Yks. Lin. Lei. Nhp. Nrf. Dev. and in gen.
tech. use.
1. To cover the inner face of a wall with laths or ' battens.'
See Batten, sb.1
Lin.1, n.Lin.1, Lei.1 Nhp.1 To batten a wall, is to nail battens
or laths to upright studs previous to papering or plastering a
damp room, to prevent the paperor plaster from coming in contact
with the wall.
2. To fence, to partition off.
e.Nrf. The outer fence of foldyards is mostly battened ; namely,
made with posts, and three or four wide strong rails, or battons,
the lower ones being placed close enough for an effectual fence
against swine, MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1787). Dev. He had bat-
tened off the passage, BARING-GOULD Spider (1887) II. 277.
3. In phr. battened down, of a ship's hatchway : covered
with tarpauling nailed down so as to keep water from the
hold.
n.Yks.2
BATTEN, v.2 Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Stf. Der. Lei, Nhp.
War. [ba'tan, bavtan.]
1. To feed ; to grow fat ; to thrive. Cf. barnish.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; (K.) ; N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Cum.1 n.Yks. Good
beddin, Tibb, will mack it [a calf] battin weel, MERITON Praise
Ale (1684) 1. 27. Stf.2, Der.1 Lei.1 Miss begins to batten out.
Nhp.2 To batten out. War.3
Hence Battening, (i) vbl. sb, a bringing-up, thriving;
(2) ppl. adj. thriving, healthy.
(i) N.Cy.1 ' The wife a good church-going and a battening to the
bairn ' is a common toast at the gossips' feast on the birth of a child.
Nhb.1 After a confinement, all the 'cronies' who had come to assist,
or to congratulate, were regaled with tea or spirits, according to
taste. As they began, the cup or glass was solemnly lifted to the
health of the father and mother, and a wish was expressed in the
formula of ' a good battening to the bairn.' Cum.1 'Here's good
battenin to t'barn, and good mends to the mother,' is a usual toast on
the occasion of a birth. (2) Sc. That's a fine baittenin' bairn (JAM.).
2. To wallow.
Nhp.2 Them pigs batten in the sun.
[1. To batten, to fatten or get flesh, BAILEY (1721) ; To
batten (grow fat), pinguesco, COLES (1679) ; It makes her
fat, you see ; she battens with it, B. JONSON Earth. Fair
(1614) n. i ; Thus they batten here ; but the divell will
gnaw their bones for it, Nest of Ninnies (1608) (NARES).
2. To batten, to welter, roll about in, BAILEY (1721) ; To
batten, fimo volutari, COLES (1679).]
BATTER, sb.1 Sc. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Lin. Also I.W.
[ba-t3(r).].
I. Lit. something produced by beating.
1. A glutinous, adhesive substance ; paste.
Abd. I'll use nae weapon, but my batter, To stap yourmou' [the
author was a bookbinder by trade], SHIRREFS Poems (1790) Pnf.
xvi QAM.) ; They're crying out for want o' batter, And I maun
jump and take about it, We canna bin' a book without it, ib. 332.
Edb. The web was still in the loom. . . . Afraid of consequences,
I let the batter and the bobbin box lie still, MOIR Mansie Wauch
(1828) xxiv ; Batter, in the old handloom weaving days, was the
paste used in sizing cloth (J.M.).
2. Soft, moist dirt ; filth.
Cum. LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 296; Aw bluid an batter, heame
thou rid, ANDERSON Ballads (1805) 70, ed. 1840 ; He picked hissen
up au' bluid and batter (J.Ar.). Wm. Feaces nowt but blead an
batter, WHEELER Dial. (1790) 65 ; His fayce en' 'iz head wez aw
batter en' blead, BLEZARD Sags. (1868) 34. n.Lin.1 Soft, horse-
trampled mud.
II. The act of beating ; a person who beats. Cf. bat,
sb.1 II.
1. A heavy blow or series of blows.
Ayr. Received him with such a thundering batter on the ribs
that he fell reeling from the shock, GALT Entail (1823) xxviii.
ne.Lan.1
2. The action of a fowl in dusting itself. Cf. bather.
I.W.1
3. In cotton or silk trade : one who prepares the
material by beating it.
w.Yks. A workman who beats plush or velvet with a bat-like
instrument in order to raise the pile (S.K.C.). Lan. Bess was a
batter, and her business was to turn and beat the clotted mass,
BANKS Manch. Man (1876) ii ; Lan.1 A woman employed in beating
raw cotton to clean it. The operation is now generally done by
machinery. Who wur it ? — One o' thoose batters at th' fine mill.
[I.I. Batter for pancakes, impensa, COLES (1679) ; Batter
of floure, paste, PALSGR. (1530) ; Batowre of ffowre and
mele wyth water, mola, Prompt. ; Bature, batura, similago,
Cath. Angl. (1483). 2. The batter or lome that goeth to the
making of bricks, HOLLAND Pliny (1601) II. 555 (N.E.D.).]
BATTER, sb? Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Stf. Not.
Lin. Rut. War. Won e.An. Sus. Som. and gen. tech. use.
[ba-ta(r), bayta(r).]
1. The slope or inclination of a wall, railway embank-
ment, &c. ; an expansion or widening. Cf. battery.
Sc. A wall with a great batter (JAM.) ; When the kill is formed to
four and a half feet high, and four and a half feet wide, the second
batter begins ; and from four and a half feet high, she must be
built so as to be exactly ten feet wide within the walls, when she
is ten feet high, MAXWELL Sel. Trans, (i 743) 193 (ib.). Nhb.1 A dyke
is said to have more or less batter, as it deviates more or less from
the perpendicular. Cum. (J.Ar.) ; Cum.1 Field walls are built
wider at the bottom than at the top, and this constitutes the batter.
Wm.1 n-Yks.1 T'wall has a vast o' batter. ne.Yks.1 T'wall
wants a bit mair batter back. e.Yks. In Holderness the sloping
side or embankment of a ditch is called the batter, N. &Q. (1865)
3rd S. viii. 402. w.Yks.1 Let t'wau hev plenty o' batter. Not. Of
a wall that had fallen : It'll stand better this time, we've given it a
batter (L.C.M.). n.Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 The dyke banks will never
Stan" wi'out they tak' more batter off. e-An.1 e.Sus. HOLLOWAY.
w.Som.1
2. The sloping banks of a railway or canal.
n.Yks. Before the wet time had lasted a week, these fair-seem-
ing batters had begun to move, to give way, to slide down bodily
in parts, ATKINSON Maori. Parish (1891) 190. w.Yks. The batter is
on fire (B.K.). Stf. NORTHALL Flk-Phr. (1894). Rut.1 I was on
the battus of the railway an' my fut slipped. War.2, Wor. (H. K.)
['This batter is not to be gardened ' was an order on the Midi.
Railway near London (Sept. 1895) (E.S.); WEALE (ed. 1873).]
3. Fig. In phr. on the batter, on a spree, on a drinking-
bout. Cf. agee.
Sc. My hat was smash'd, my skull laid bare, Ae night when on
the batter, Whistle Binkie (1878) I. 211 QAM. Suppl.). Bnff.1 He's
been o' the batter a' the oock. Nhb.1 He's on the batter agyen.
Cum. Yance he'd been a week on t'batter, RICHARDSON Talk
(1871) 43, ed. 1876; (J.Ar.) [It was among working-men that I
first heard 'on the batter.' To a builder, anything that is askew, or
tottering, is ' on the batter,' N. & Q. (1867) 3rd S. viii. 369.]
[The same as Batter, v?}
BATTER, v.1 Sc. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Nhp.
Also I.W.
1. To give repeated blows ; to pelt with stones. Of rain :
to beat against anything, to drive.
n.Yks.1 T'bairns wer battering t'aud deeam's deear wi' cobble-
stanes; n.Yks.2 w.Yks.5 Batter that bass. Chs.1 Th' lead's
welly done, and th' rain batters through th' windows.
Hence Battered, ppl. adj. reduced to a liquid or to batter
by rapid stirring or beating.
Wm.1 Stirred up with a fork or spoon, as in making batter for
pancakes, &c., or in preparing an egg for making mulled ale.
2. Fig. To labour or walk at a great rate. Cf. Jig. use of
pelt.
I.W.2 To dig or scrape furiously with small effect. Nhp.1 Think
how many a bitter blast, When it snow'd, and hail'd and blew,
I have toil'd and batter'd through, CLARE.
Hence (i) Battered, ppl. adj. tired, overcome by walking
or labour ; (2) Battering, vbl. sb. hastening.
(i) Nhb.1 Aa s fair battered an' deun. ne.Lan.1 A horse with
tender feet is said to be battered. (2) Lnk. Then ye wad see her,
a wee, sharp-set auld body . . . comin' batterin' up, FRASER Whaups
(1895) xii.
3. To paste ; to fasten by a viscous substance.
Sc. (JAM.) Lth. [Of Presbyterian dislike to metrical psalms]
Just batter yer door wi' paraphrases, an' he'll never look the
airt ye're on, STRATHESK More Bits (1885) 249.
u b 2
BATTER
BATTLE
Hence Battered up, phr. posted up, written on a hand-
bill or notice affixed to a board.
e.Lth. I wad raither be cried in the kirk nor battered up on the
registrar's buird, HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) 157.
4. To splash with mud.
Nbp.12
BATTER, v? Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Not. Lin. Lei.
Nhp. War. Wor. Ken. Sus. Som. and in gen. tech. use.
. . . . . . . . .
To build a wall, ditch, embankment, &c., out of the perpen-
e. Of a wall, &c. : to incline, to taper.
1 '
dicular, to slope. , „ , ._ ._r_..
Wm.1 n.Yks.1 The wall batters one foot in six. It batters o
baith sides. w.Yks.1 ne-Lan.1 A wall which diminishes in thick-
ness upwards is said to batter. Chs.1 A wall built against a bank
generally batters ; Chs.3 In building a wall, particularly against a
bank, the term batter is used, and means to make the wall incline
so as to withstand by its inclination the pressure of the earth, which,
were the wall not battered, would bring it down. Not.1 Lin. The
walls batter considerably, MILLER & SKERTCHLY Fenland (1878)
585. n.Lin.1 [Said of] the side of a ditch, bank, wall, or tower.
Lei.1 Yo' mut batter the top o1 the wall a bit. Nhp.1, War.2,
s.Wor.1 se.Wor.Un building atall chimney,to batteris to gradually
reduce the circumference. Ken. They are battering down the cliff
(D.W.L.). Sus.12 w.Som.1 When a wall is made to slope inwards
towards the building or bank, it is said to batter. This word is the
converse of over-hang. [The angular columns ... all stand, as the
workmen term it, battering, or sloping inwards, Archaeol. (1703)
X. 185 (DAV.).]
[Batter (used only by artificers), to lean from the per-
pendicular, ASH (1705) ; To batter (a word used only by
workmen). The side of a wall, or any timber, that
bulges from its bottom or foundation, is said to batter
MOXON Mech. Exercises (JOHNSON).]
BATTER AND CROWN HIM, phr. Obs. ? w.Yks.3
Ine game also called ' Baste the bear,' q.v. [Not known
to our correspondents.]
BATTER.DOCK, sb. Applied to several plants with
large flat leaves : (i) Butter bur, Petasites vulgaris (Chs ) •
(a) Potomogeton natans (Chs.); (3) Rumex obtusifolius
(onr.).
(i) Chs. Water-lilies are Flatter- (or floating) docks, and the
Butterbur is Batter-dock, Science Gossip (1869) 30 • [In the
Physic-Garden at Leyden] All ordinary herbs ... as well as rare
herbs, to be found herein : tansy, . . . bater-docks, &c., BRERETON
7-^(1634-5)42; Chs.1* (a) Chs.' (3) Shr.1 'Beware of a
it be but a batter-dock' is a proverbial saying heard about
Welshampton. It implies the need of caution in dealing with
persons who came of a family characterized by ' failings.'
[Butter-dock, from its leaves being used for lapnine
butter, whence the Scotch name it, Bmair-dock, PRIOR
Plant N. (1863) 36. Cp. Butter-burre, an English name
of the Petasites florens, GERARDE Herb. (ed. 1633) ]
BATTERFANGED, ppl. adj. Yks. Lin. [ba-te-fand.1
Bruised, beaten, scratched.
uF^l n-Yks-2 Beaten and beclawed, as a termagant fights
with her fists and nails. nXin.i Th' Blyton cabinet hes been that
batterfang d aboot so as no carpenter can mend it. He'd been a
sodgeri th Roosian war, an' com hoame reg'lar batterfanged
line poore man was so batterfang'd and belabour'd
with tongue mettle, that he was weary of his life, JOHN
TAYLOR Wks. (1630) 191. Batter, \b.l+fang (vb ) q v 1
BATTERFANGING, vbl. sb. Yks. A sound beating
or scratching.
n/Yks.1 The consequences, in the shape of combined blows and
scratches which await the champion who engages a female com-
batant in battle ; n.Yks.= A good batterfanging, a severe clawine
BATTERING-STOCK, sb. Yks. fta Wstotf A
scapegoat who gets the blows or reproaches due to another,
oee Batting, 4.
talf'T?8 K,I>S nutubo"n to be thy battering.stock [I am not going to
laSr&a&gKir "sr ^i^^-
^2^^^^^^^^^
*r T±e:,?,?^U a^ thf Whitb* ^P boundaries on
keth
Lan. If ever thae wants to see a foo, Ben, thae's nought to do
but peep into that glass ; for thae's less wit nor Batterlash, 'at beat
th' wayter for runnin", WAUGH Ovid Blanket (1867) 18. e-Lan.1
BATTERPINS, sb. pi. Hrf. Draught trees, tongues
of a wagon.
Hrf. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
BATTERY, sb. Irel. Nhb. Also Som. Dev.
1. A sloping wall, an embankment. Cf. batter, si.2
N.I.1 A sloping sea-wall. Nhb.1
2. A buttress.
w.Som.1 Speaking of a wall which was leaning, a man said to me,
' I think he'd stan nif was vor to put up a bit of a battery agin un.'
Dev. Reports Provinc. (1881) 8.
BATTICLE, sb. Nhp. [bse-tikl.] A movable
wooden cross-bar to which the traces of husbandry
horses are secured.
Nhp.1 Called also Sway-tree, Swingel-tree, and Way-tree, in
different parts of the county.
BATTIN, see Batten.
BATTING, vbl. sb. Irel. Cum. Yks. Lan. Lin. Nhp
Also Dev. [ba'tin, bae'tin.]
1. A beating, castigation. See Bat, sb.1 and i/.1
Lan. The ' battin ' he received from the mopstail made him sore
for many a week, BRIERLEY Waverlaiv (1863) 85, ed. 1884.
2. Snaring birds at night with nets. Usually in form
bird-batting, q.v. Cf. bat -folding, bat-fowl.
Dev. w. Times (Feb. 26, 1886) a, col. a ; Dev.1 The art of snaring
birds at night with a net and lantern : the ivy-tod or roosting-place
is beaten in order that the birds may be driven out
3. In stone-dressing : working with a mallet.
Nhp.1 Working stone with a tool instead of rubbing it smooth
or dragging it down with a piece of steel plate.
4. Comp. (i) Batting-board, (a) -rod, see below ; (3)
-stock, (4) -stone, a scapegoat, one who takes the blows
due to another ; also called battering-stock, q.v.
(i)Lin.1 nlin.1 Batting-board, a piece of wood used by thatchers
to beat down the thatch. Dev. w. Times (Feb. 26, 1886)2, col.a. [Cf.
battledore, sb. 2.] (a) Lan. He could hondle a piece o' hoyrn like a
battin'-rod, BRIERLEY Irkdale (1868) 94 ; A batten-rod is one half
of a flail used for threshing corn (S. W.). (3) n.Yks. Birlady but
my barne shall never be A battingstock for her, thou's plainly see,
MERITON Praise Ale (1684) 1. 611-12; (K.) ; n.Yks.2 (4) Ir.
Many another man would put salt-water between himself and
yourself, sooner nor become a battin'-stone for you, as I have been,
CARLETON Traits Peas. (1843) '• 386
BATTIN(G, see Batten.
BATTLE, sb.1 Lan. Lin. In comp. (i) Battle-cock,
a game cock ; (2) -royal, a fight between several cocks, a
free fight between several men ; (3) -stag, a game cock.
(i)'Lan. The gray morning broke and the battle-cock crew,
HARLAND Lyrics (1866) 17. (a) ne.Lan.1 (3) n-Lln.1
Hence Battler, sb. a boxer.
n.Yks.2 w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Aug. 8, 1891).
•[(i) I will give him a couple of good battel-cocks,
ROBERTSON Phras. (1693). (2) Battle Royal (among cock-
nghters), a fight between 3, 5, or 7 cocks engaged all
together, so that the cock which stands the longest gets
the day, BAILEY (1721).]
BATTLE, z,.1 and sb.2 Nhb. Cum. Also Som. Dev.
Amer. Also in form bittle Nhb.1 [batl, ba'tl.]
1. v. To beat cloth. See Battling, Beetle, Bat, sb.1 1.
Nhb.1 A very large whinstone in the Hart is called the battling-
stone, from its being used to beat or battle the lie out of the webs
upon it in the bleaching season, HODGSON Nhb. II. la. Cum.
(M.P.) [U.S.A., Tenn. Dial. Notes (1895) 370.]
2. sb. A heavy wooden mallet bound with two iron
rings, used for cleaving wood. See Standing-battles.
w.Som.i Generally coupled with the wedges. Where be the
battle-n wadges?
3. Comp (i) Battle-head, (a) the fish also known as
miller s thumb; (b) a stupid person ; (2) -headed, stupid ;
(3) -stick, the handle of the 'battle'; (4) -stock, the round
head of the 'battle.'
(i) w.Som.iYu guurt baafl ai-dl Aay niivur ded-n zee dhu
ul-ur u dhee ! [You great battle-head ! I never saw the fellow of
thee!] Dev.s (a) w.Som.1 Ee-z dhu baa -tl-ai-duds guurt dung-ee'ul
uy-ur yue zeed-n yur luyv [he is the battle-headedest great dung-
hill you ever saw in your life]. (3) Dhu bas dhing vur u baafl -stik-s
BATTLE
[189]
BATTLING
u graewnd uul-um [the best thing for a battle-stick is a ground
elm]. (4) Generally made of a junk of an apple-tree. Mus au'vees
pik aewt u zaawur aa'pl vur baafl-stauks — zweet aa'plz bee sau'f
eo'dud [one must always pick out a sour apple (tree) for battle-
stocks — sweet apples are soft wooded],
[1. To battle clothes, excutere, LEVINS Manip. (1570). Bat,
vb.1 + -le (-el), freq. suff.]
BATTLE, v? Obs. Dev. Also written battel. To
render fertile.
Dev.1
[Ashes are a marvelous improvement to battle barren
land, FULLER Worthies (1662) in Ray's Prov. (1678) 304 ;
Engraisser un champ, to marie a field, to battle it, or make
it fertile, COTGR. The same as Battle, adj.]
BATTLE, v.3 Oxf. To have a kitchen and buttery
account in College.
Oxf. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
[Battle (in the University of Oxford), to take up board
in the college books, ASH (1795); To battle, or score for
his diet, as they do at the University, ROBERTSON Phras.
(1693) ; Battle (as scholars do in Oxford), estre debteur au
College pour ses vivres, SHERWOOD (1672); To battle, 'vox
Oxoniensis Academiae propria ; quibus significat victus
debita, et impensas in nomina referre,' SKINNER (1671).
See Battels.]
BATTLE, v* Nhp. Bck. [bae'tl.] To besmear with
mud ; to walk about a room with dirty feet, to ' trapse,'
q.v.
Nhp.1 The pavement at the street door was battled all over as
soon as it was cleaned.
Hence (i) Battled, ppl. adj. bespattered with mud ;
trampled down ; (2) Battled up, phr. untidy, in a litter or
mess ; (3) Battling, vbl. sb. splashing, treading with dirty
feet.
(i) Nup.1 Who, nearly battled to her chin, Bangs down the yard
through thick and thin, Nor picks her road, nor cares a pin ?
CLARE Poems (ed. 1820) 159. Bdf. Grass much walked over, or
wheat trampled under foot, is said to be battled down (J.W.B.).
(2) Bck. The kitchen's all battled up (A.C.). (3) Nhp.1 Don't let
the dog come battling all over the floor.
BATTLE, adj. Sc. Yks. [ba'tl.]
1. Of land or soil : fertile. See Baittle.
w.Yks.1 Battle-land. [(K.)]
2. Fat, thickset.
Bch. A battle horse, the same otherwise called a punch poney
QAM.).
[1. Battel or fruitful, fertilis, ROBERTSON Phras. (1693) ;
Battel, fruitful, GOULDMAN (1678) ; Battle or fruitfull,
MINSHEU (1617) ; Ferax, battle and fertile, COOPER (1565).
The same as Battle, v.2]
BATTLEDEER, see Battledore.
BATTLEDORE, sb. Cum. Yks. Der. Lin. Nhp. Also
I.W.Wil. Also written battledeeare. Yks.1; -deem. Yks.;
•der Cum.1; -door Nhb.1 Der.1 n.Lin.1 ; battel-door n.Yks.1 ;
batt'ldoor ne.Yks.1
1. A flat wooden implement, in shape resembling a
cricket-bat, used as a substitute for the mangle in
smoothing linen after washing, or in the process of
bleaching. Obsol.
Cum. With the battledore, webs were battled or cleaned after
their daily extension and watering on the grass, pinned out by
wooden pegs, in the sunshine along the scar (M.P.) ; Cum.1 (s.v.
Batlin stick.) n.Yks. On their washing-nights the strokes of the
' battledoor ' — that is, the old-fashioned implement for smoothing
newly-washed linen, which has been superseded by the mangle —
were heard as far as Runswick, ATKINSON Maori. Parish (1891) 53 ;
Deeame sit te wark te battledeer the cleas, FETHERSTON Goor-
krodger (1870) 78; (I.W.) ; n-Yks.1 One portion of the former
substitute for the mangle, not yet fallen into entire disuse ; called
also the Bittle. The other portion is called the Pin, or the Rolling-
pin, and in shape and dimensions very much resembles the roller
of a small mangle. The battel-door is a heavy piece of wood, with
a handle, like that of a cricket-bat, at one end, flat on both sides
and about four to five inches wide. The linen to be operated
upon is wound round the pin and then rolled backwards and
forwards on a linen-board under the battel-door, subjected to
whatever amount of pressure the laundress is able or disposed to
put upon it. The process is not unaccompanied with noise from
the clapping of the wood upon wood, or upon the linen rolled on
the wooden pin, and it is this clapping noise that is, at least in
part, impliedin the various local legends touching Fairy linen- wash-
ing. ne.Yks.1, e.Yks.1 n.Lin.1 Very rarely used now.
2. A flat wooden instrument used in mending thatch. Cf.
batting-board, s.v. Batting.
Nhp.1 A battledore is about a foot long and six inches broad,
with a slit at one end for the hand. Used to shore or push the ends
of the new straw under the old thatch. Called on the e. side of the
county a Gillet, on the «. a Stin-ger.
3. A child's horn-book. Obsol. or Obs.
Nhb.1 A flat board with a handle like a battledore. On the
wide face of this a card was fastened, having ABC and other
elementary characters upon it. To protect the card from the con-
stant contact of the wooden skewer used as a pointer in teaching,
a sheet of horn was nailed over the face. Hence the name 'horn-
book.' Battledore is transferred to the folding child's alphabet
card, still for sale (1891) in booksellers' shops. w.Yks. Thay
went ta Huthersfield ta buy im a batteldoor. The prise were a
penne ; thinken it too deer they bout 12 for gd. Went hoam, an
ther gurt hoblen lad larnd ta read his batteldoors, Orig. Speech at
Cleckheaton. Der.1 nXln.1 A piece of cardboard on which was
printed the ABC, the Lord's Prayer, and a few short syllables,
employed as a substitute for the horn-book. Battledoors were in
use here, in dame's schools, in 1843, and probably much later.
The saying, ' He duzn't knaw his A B C fra a battledoor,' refers
to this. I.W.2 A child's first primer, containing the alphabet,
numerals, &c.,on thick coarse paper, made to fold; generally sold
by pedlars.
4. A flat-eared variety of barley. Also in comp. Battle-
dore-barley.
Nhb. Battle-door or sprat-barley is sometimes grown and is
preferred for sowing upon land in high condition, MARSHALL
Review (1808) I. 77 ; Nhb.1 n.Yks. TUKE Agric. (1800) 119. Wil.1
[L Batyldore, battouer a lessiue, PALSGR. (1530) ; Batyl-
doure, or wasshynge betylle, feretorium, Prompt. 3. A
battledore book or horn-book, Abecedarium ... A battle-
dore boy or horn-book boy, Abecedarius, ROBERTSON
Phras. (1693) ; A battle-door (horn-book), Tabella elemen-
tariorum, COLES (1679).]
BATTLER, see Battle, sb.1
BATTLES, see Battels.
BATTLETON, sb. Shr. A wooden instrument used
by washerwomen in beating linen. Cf. bat, sb.1, bat-
stick.
Shr.2
BATTLE-TWIG, sb. Yks. Stf. Der. Not. Lin. Lei.
Nhp. Also in form birtle-twig Der.2; bettle- n.Lin.1 An
earwig.
e.Yks. Should the earwig get into your ear, it will eat its way
to the brain and kill you. It is called a ' forkin robin,' or ' battle-
twig,' NICHOLSON Flit-Lore (1890) 136 ; e.Yks.1, w.Yks.2, Stf.1
Der. GROSE (1790) ; Der.12, nw.Der.1, Not (J.P.K.), Not.12 Lin.
The wool of a thistle a-flyin' an' seeadin' tha haated to see ;
'Twur as bad as a battle-twig 'ere i' my oan blue chaumber to me,
TENNYSON Spinster's Sweet-arts ( 1885) ; (J.C.W.) n.Lin.' A woman
hed hed a battle-twig creap into her ear, an' when she deed an'
th' doctors oppen'd her head, it hed bred her braains full o' worms.
sw-Lin.1 Some calls 'em battletwigs, and some calls 'em earwigs.
Lei.1 Nhp.1 Peculiar to the n. part of the county.
[A corr. of beetle + earwig, contam. w. battle + twig (of a
tree).]
BATTLING, vbl. sb. Obsol. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Amer.
1. The process of beating linen, either to clean it, or to
soften the coarse home-spun webs before being worn. Cf.
battle, v.1
Cum. All home-spun webs used to undergo this process at
intervals, after boiling with soap and wood ashes (M.P.).
2. Comp. (i) Battling-stick, a ' battledore ' (q.v.) or flat
stick used in beating linen ; (2) -steean, -stone, a large flat
stone upon which linen was laid to be beaten ; (3) -wood,
see Battling-stick.
(i) Cum.1 [Used] for beating the linen web previous to its being
laid on the grass to bleach. [U.S.A., Tenn. Dial. Notes (1895) 37°-]
(2) n.Cy. A smooth, heavy, flat-sided stone, set a little aslope by
the side of a brook or river, whereon to beat or battle clothes with a
BATTLINGS
[190]
BAUCHLE
battling-stick, after they have been soaked in wood ashes or other
bleaching lies (J.H.). Nhb.1 (s.v. Battle.) Cum. Battlin' stean or
stone was a large, flat-topped blue cobble, or boulder, fixed firmly
in the brae-edge of the river Eden. It was above the ordinary
level of the stream, and sloped slightly outwards, so that the water
and whatever with it was beaten out of the web, as it was turned
and changed and re-beaten or battled, might run into the stream
again (M. P.); The coat had been growing hard with the frost, 'This
wants the balling stone ower it,' said the old weaver, CAINE Shad.
Crime (1885) 32 ; Cum.1 Wm. Lonsdale Mag. (1822) III. 291.
n.Yks.2 Batlingsteean. (3) Wm. The shirts being steeped in the
water, were laid in folds upon the stone, and beat with a battling
wood, Lonsdale Mag. (1822) III. 291.
BATTLINGS, sb.1 pi. Slang. At Winchester School :
a boy's weekly allowance of one shilling. See Battle, v.3
Slang. SHADWELL Wyke. Slang (1859-1864) ; (A.D.H); (E.F.) ;
COPE Gl. (1883).
BATTLINGS, sb.2 pi. Not. Lei. Written battlins
Lei.1 [ba'tlinz.] Battlements.
s.Not. We got raight on to the roof o' the chutch tower, an'
looked through the battlings (J.P.K.). Lei.l The dark battlins at
Bosworth were the leads of the nave of the church, so called on
account of their being surrounded by battlements, and the dark-
ness of the spiral staircase which led to them.
BATTLINGS, see Batlings.
BATTOCK, sb. Sc. QAM.) Nhb.
1. A tuft of grass or small patch of ground surrounded by
water. Obs. See Bat, sb*
Slk. [Not known to our correspondents.]
2. Flat ground or ' haughs ' by a river-side ; firm ground
between two branches of a river.
Lth., Nhb.1
BATTON, see Batten.
BATTON-HOD, sb. Cmb. A piece of turf 12 in. long
and 3 in. wide.
Cmb. Goss Life Jewitt (1889) 72.
BATTRIL, sb. Lan. Chs. [ba'tril.] A flat piece of
wood used by laundresses to beat linen. Cf. bat, bat-
staff.
Lan. Ah, wedding, wedding, I conno speyk nah boh whiz flies
battril ut meh yead, PAUL BOBBIN Sequel (1819) 31 ; Lan.1, Chs.13
[Batter, vb.1 + -el, the suff. of instrum. sb.l
BATTRY.sA. Obs. ? e.An. A tea-kettle.
e.An.1, Nrf.1 [Not known to our correspondents.]
BATTUS, see Batter.
BATTY, sb.1 Nhb. [ba'ti.] A rabbit. Cf. bawd,
bawty.
n.Nhb. In use at Wooler (R.O.H.).
BATTY, sb.2 Ken. Slang. '
1. Workmen's wages, perquisites.
Slang. FARMER ; HOTTEN ; BARRERE & LELAND.
2. A wife's portion after her husband's death.
Ken. She did not get her batty all at once (W.F.S.).
[An Angl.-Ind. word. Batta, extra pay given to East
Indian regiments when on a campaign; also, an extra
allowance paid to officers serving in India.]
BATTY, sb? Nhb. Also Dor. (?). A small cake.
Also in comp. Batty-cake (?).
Nhb.1 Thoo shall heva spice batty on tha borthday. Dor. I went
to Riggs's batty-cake shop, HARDY Madding Crowd (1874) xxxiii.
[Not known to our correspondents.]
BATTY, see Bat, sb.1 HI.
BATTY-MOUSE, see Bat-mouse.
BATWELL, sb. Chs. Stf. Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. Also
written betwell Stf. Shr.1; botwell Chs.1 A wicker
strainer, used in brewing.
Chs.1 Stf. RAY (1691) MS. add. (J.C.) Lei.1 Placed over the
end of the spigot inside the mash-vat, to prevent the grains passing
through. Nhp.1, War.", Shr.1
BATY, see Bate.
BAUBEE, see Bawbee.
BAUBERY, see Bobbery.
BAUBOSKING, /»•/>. Obsol. Yks. Of cattle : straying
away ; gen. used Jig.
ne.Yks.1 Ah deean't gan bauboskin' aboot leyke sum on 'em • ah
sticks ti t'heeaf.
BAUCH, arf/. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Also written baach
(JAM.) ; bagh- w.Yks. ; baugh QAM.) Nhb.1 [bax, baf.]
1. Unpleasant to the taste.
Sc. Take thee three bites of an black Houre, And Ruebarb baach
and bitter, WATSON Coll. (1706) III. 10 (JAM.) ; In this sense we
now use ' waugh,' ib. e.Lth. As for his sermon, it seemed to me
puir baugh stuff, HUNTER J. Jnwidt(i8g5) 40.
2. Not good, sorry, indifferent. Cf. baff.
Sc. A bauch tradesman, one who is far from excelling in his
profession. A horse is said to be bauch-shod or his shoes are said
to be bauch, when they are much worn. Ice is said to be bauch,
when there has been a partial th^w (JAM.) ; It is a bauch brewing
that's no good in the newing, RAMSAY Prov. (1737). Per. Curlers
speak of dull ice as ' rael bauch ' (G.W.). Lnk. A youth, though
sprung frae kings, looks bauch and blate, RAMSAY Gentle Shcp.
(1725) 79, ed. 1783. Cum. They say beauty withoot bounty's but
bauch, CAINE Shad. Crime (1885) 47.
Hence (i) Bauchly, adv. sorrily, indifferently ; (2)
Bauchness, sb. want, defect of any kind, indifference.
(i) Sc. Compar'd with hers, their lustre fa', And bauchly tell
Her beauties, she excels them a', RAMSAY Poems (1727) II. 397, cd.
1800 (JAM.). (2) Sc. (JAM.) Per. Not common. A curler is asked,
'Was your ice good to-day?' He might say, 'No, there was a
bauchness about it.' A joiner might say, ' I cannot put up with
bauchness in my tools ' (G.W.).
3. Abashed, timid, sheepish.
Abd. Ye're nae to be bauch and chucken-heartit, ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb (1871) xxi. Per. ' He lookit unco baugh,' he looked
much out of countenance (JAM.). Rxb. But if he cracks but little
now 'Tis no that he's a baugh ane, RIDDELL Poet. Wks. (1871)
II. 131.
Hence Bauchness, sb. backwardness or slowness
arising from timidity.
n.Sc. (W.G.)
4. Weak, tired out, exhausted.
Sc. That I may ken howe bauch I am, RIDDELL Ps. (1857) xxxix.
4 ; The auld wise man grew baugh And turn'd to shank away,
HOGG Jacob. Rel. (1819) I. 71, ed. 1874 (JAM.). Nhb.1
Hence Baghly, adv. in feeble health.
w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds.
BAUCHLE, sb.1 Sc. Irel. Also written bachal Irel. ;
baughle Sc. [ba\l.]
1. An old worn-out shoe or boot ; a heelless slipper.
Sc. When . . . the bride and bridegroom went away in the
cart ... it seemed as if all the old bauchles in the parish had
been gathered to fling after them, WHITEHEAD Daft Davie (1876)
298, ed. 1894 ; The new way from bauchels to boots, COBBAN
Andaman (1895) xx ; Palmering abaut in bauchles, STEVENSON
Weir (1896) i ; Hehasna a bauchel to swear by, HENDERSON Prov.
(1832) 1 15, ed. 1881 [Boys yet swear by touching ' cauld steel,' the
nails of their boots (G.W.)]; Tammas Bodkin (1864) 146. Fif.
Tarn searched . . . ower the hale o' Lunnon till he wore the vera
bauchles affhis feet, M'LAREN Tibbie (1894) 69 ; Flung oot like an
auld bauchle, ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 99. Rnf. Maggy
lost her bachals i' the snaw, WILSON Watty (1792) 8. Ayr.
To misuse me as if I were nae better than an old bachle, GALT
Entail (1823) 1 ; With her bauchle in her hand, ib. Ann. Parish
(ed. 1895) iii. Lth. Slipshod bachles, auld and torn, MACNEILL
Poet. Wks. (1801) 169, ed. 1856. Edb. Her shoon were terrible
bauchles, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) 141; And his feet were
slipped into a pair of bauchles— that is, the under part of old boots
cut from the legs, ib. 219. Slk. In shoon little better than
bauchles, stockins that are in fack huggers, CHR. NORTH Nodes
(ed. 1856) IV. 38. Gall. My bauchles made nae noise, CROCKETT
Raiders (1894) xxxvi.
2. A person or thing of no account.
Sc. To make a bauchle of anything, is to use it so freq. and
familiarly, as to show that one has no respect for it. One who is
set up as the butt of a company, or a laughing-stock, is said to be
made a bauchle of (JAM.) ; It's better than war ; which is the next
best however, though generally rather a bauchle of a business,
STEVENSON Catnona (1890) xi. Fif. When I see hoo some men
gang on I m fair scunnered, makin' perfect bauchles o' their wives,
ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 174. Slk. The lassie has walth o' gear
to maintain baeth the sel o' her, an' ony chop she likes to marry.
• • ' Lwod raether that she got a man than a bauchle, HOGG Winter
Ev. Tales (1820) I. 282.
3. An awkward, clumsy person.
,MSo G™S\(\19°) MS. add. (C.) Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892) ;
(M.B.-S.) ; A 'baghal of a child ' (S.A.B.).
BAUCHLE, si.2 Sc. The upright front of a peat barrow.
Per. A peat barrow has no back and no sides ; when being
BAUCHLE
BAUSON
rolled along the contents would drop over the ' trindle ' were it not
for the bauchle (G.W.).
2. pi. Two pieces of wood, fixed one on each side of a
cart to extend the surface.
Per. [Bauchles] differ from ' shilmonts,' as not forming an oblong
frame ; the bauchles having no cross-bars at the top and bottom of
the cart (JAM.).
BAUCHLE, i;.1 Sc. Also written bachle, bawchyll
(JAM.), [baxl-] To shamble, walk loosely ; esp. to wear
shoes out of shape.
Sc. As denoting a loose, awkward, and unequal motion ... it is
applied both to man and beast. To bachle shoon, is to wear them
in so slovenly a manner as to let them fall down in the heels ;
to tread them awry (JAM.). Per. (G.W.) Lth. Beggars come
hirplin' an" bauchlin' out, BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 23.
[A bair clock and a bachlane naig, Leg. Bp. St. An-
drois (i6th cent.) QAM.).]
BAUCHLE, v? Sc. (JAM.) Nhb. Also written bachle
(JAM.) ; baughle Nhb.1 To treat contemptuously.
Lth. To bauchle a lass, to jilt a young woman.
Hence Bauchling, vbl. sb. reproaching, taunting.
Sc. The term seems to include any indication of contempt by
signs as well as by words. Nhb.1 The inhabitants of Tynedale
and Redesdale were in former days given to baughling, or re-
proaching, an adversary — daring him to fight (obs.\ Baughling
at the meetings of the Scotch and English wardens, as it fre-
quently led to blows, was prohibited under the penalty of a month's
imprisonment, OLIVER Rambles (1835) 138.
[The said craft is abusit be vile persones in bachlying
of the hammyrmenis work, Seal of Cause for the Hammer-
men (1496) (JAM.).]
BAUD, sb. Sc. [bad.] A thicket or mass of whins
or thistles growing closely together.
n.Sc. Baud is found as a place-name in Sc. and is applied to
places covered with bushes of whins, broom, &c. (W.G. ) Per.
Well known only in place-names. Scarcely a parish is without a
Baud (G.W.). Lth. (JAM.)
[Gael, bad, a thicket, a clump of trees or shrubs (MAC-
LEOD £ DEWAR).]
BAUDEEN, sb. Irel. A loose white or yellowish
flannel jacket.
Ant. Still in use, but growing rare (M.B.-S.). w.Ir. This woman
wore the usual red Galway flannel petticoat, with a loose white or
yellowish flannel jacket above, known as a ' baudeen,' and worn
by both sexes on the islands, LAWLESS Crania (1892) I. pt. i. v ;
His shoulders, in their yellowish flannel baudeen, stood out square
and well-defined, ib. II. pt. in. vi.
BAUDRONS, sb. Sc. n.Cy. Also written badrans,
badrins, baudrans, baudrens, bawdrons. A familiar
name for a cat ; puss.
Sc. Whiskers ... as long as baudrons, SCOTT Antiquary (1816)
ix ; Is there anybody within the tower with you ? — Naebody but
mysell and baudrons, ib. Blk. Dwarf (1816) ix ; Unless slee
badrins, on" the watch, Intent his little prey to catch, Surprise a
hungry mouse, BEATTIES Parings (1801) 33; Tarn . . . drappin'
the pock wi' baudrons in't frae aff his back ... to the horror and
consternation of a', it began to move alang the ground, M'LAREN
Tibbie (1894) 13; Poussie, poussie, baudrons, What got ye there ?
I got a guid fat mousikie Rinning up a stair, CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes
(1870) 23 ; E'en baudrons tries a canny spang, DONALD Poems
(1867) 188 ; There was poor baudrons crooching close to the wall on
the top of the dresser, and the creature up with a pitiful miow
when she saw me, WHITEHEAD Daft Davie (1876) 138, ed. 1894 ;
In the a;, of Sc. this term has been corrupted into 'pautrons,' as in
the old nursery rhyme, ' Pussy, pussy, pautrons, whare hae
ye been? (JAM. Suppl.) Rnf. An" baudrons there, she daurna
touch A feather o' your wing, ALLAN Poems (1836) 14. Ayr.
Just like a winkit baudrons, BURNS Ordination (1786) St. 10;
Auld Satan, Watches, like baudrons by a rattan, ib. Life (1796)
st. 4. Lnk. O ! will ye come like badrans for a jest, RAMSAY Gentle
Shep. ( 1 725) 52, ed. 1 783. Slk. Sandy heard a noise like baudrons
Murring i' the bed at e'en, HOGG Mount. Bard in Poet Wks. (1834-
40) 96, ed. 1865 ; Oh that bawdrons there were but a civet, CHR.
NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) III. 219. Gall. Like baudrens when she
sees a mouse, NICHOLSON Hist. Tales (1843) 123. n.Cy. Border Gl.
(Coll. L.L.B.)
[But badrans be the back the uthir hint, HENRYSON Two
Mice (c. 1450) in Ever Green (1761) I. 152.]
BAUEN, sec Bavin.
BAUF, v. Sc. QAM.) [baf.] To walk so as to knock
one's shoes against the stones and make a noise ; esp.
when wearing clogs or wooden shoes. See Bauchle, v.1
Dmf. He gangs bauf — baufin' wi' his clogs, ye may hear him a
mile aff.
BAUF, see Baff.
BAUGE, v. and sb. s.Not. [bodg.] [Not known to
our other correspondents.]
1. v. To boast, to brag.
s.Not. But 'e'll bauge an boast anoo for three o' him (J.P.K.).
2. sb. A swaggering boastfulness.
s.Not. That's all his bauge, 'e never did oat o' the sort (J.P.K.).
BAUGH, sb. Chs. ? Obs. A pudding made of milk
and flour only.
Chs. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) ; Chs.3
BAUGH, see Bauch.
BAUGHLE, see Bauchle.
BAUKEN, see Bawken.
BAUKIE, see Backie.
BAULD, see Bold.
BAULEY, see Bawley.
BAULK, see Balk.
BAULKY, adj. Sur. [b§-ki.] Anxious to avoid one,
to get out of the way.
Sur.1 I saw the defendant look rather baulky.
[Same word as Balky, q.v.]
BAULLY, see Bawley.
BAUM, v. and sb. Cum. Yks. [b^m.]
1. v. To bask in the sun or by the fire.
Cum.1 Baum in t'sUn like a hag-worm. e.Yks.1
2. sb. A place on a dry bank or hedge where partridges
bask and dust themselves.
Cum.1
BAUM, see Balm.
BAUM-RAPPIT, sb. Lan. An apparition or imagi-
nary appearance.
Lan. There is a passage in Rochdale leading to St. Mary's Church
called 'The Baum.' A man went through this passage late at
night and afterwards this dialogue took place : ' Wot dost' think
I seed last night ? I seed a rappit.' ' That's nought, a rappit's
common enoof." ' But this were a baum-rappit.' The phr. is in
use at the present time when a person says he has seen an appear-
ance of some kind, which is thought unlikely or merely imaginary,
' It's nowt but a baum-rappit ' (S.W.) ; Th' warst boggart there is
upo' this country side. ... I'd back it again oather witch, fairy . . .
Baum Rappit, Radcliffe Dog, or the dule hissel, WAUGH Old
Cronies (1875) ii ; I have twice met with those who believed in the
baum-rappit, i. e. the phantom rabbit that is supposed to haunt the
doughs, Manch. City News (July 18, 1896).
BAUNIA, sb. Irel. A flannel head-dress.
Glw. A baunia is a large square piece of home-made flannel, like
a shawl, very commonly worn by the women on their heads, and
reaching down to their heels, covering the whole body but the
face. He wore only a baunia until he was a remarkably tall lad
of over sixteen, Flk-Lore Rec. (1881) V. 120.
BAURGH, see Bargh.
BAURY, sb. Irel. Also written baaree Wxf.1
[ba-ri.] The goal in the game of ' hurling.'
s.Ir. The particular gap or spot through which the ball must be
sent, in the game of ' hurling,' in order to win the game (P.W.J.).
Wxf.1
BAUSON, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. War. Shr. Cor.
Written bawsin w. Yks.1 Chs.1 2 3 ; bawson m. Yks.1 w. Yks.2 s
Chs.123 Der.1; bosen w.Yks.4 ; boson w. Yks.23; bosson
Chs.; bowsen Der.2 nw.Der.1; bowson Lan. [bg'san,
bo'san.]
1. A badger.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) m.Yks.1 ; w.Yks.2 ; w.Yks.3
Paid for a pair of bawsons, Old Chuiardens' Ace. He's as silly as
a bauson ; w.Yks.4 Also called a Brock. Lan. Ther we had a
bowson. Wee wrought him out and killed him, ASSHETON Journal
(1617) 18. Chs. Amt. 6, pd. for two bosants' heads, Ace. Stockporl
Prsh. Chwardens (1716); Chs.123 Der.1 Obs. ; Der.2, nw.Der.»
Cor.2 Also called Brock and Gray, MS. add.
2. An over-corpulent person ; a term of opprobrium.
w.Yks.3 Chs.1 Tha great bawson thee ! War.2 Shr.1 Whad
a great bauson 'e's grown.
BAUSON
[192]
BAVISH
3. An ugly person, a fright ; any ugly thing.
w.Yks. Yts. N. V Q. (1888) ii. 14; w.Yks.2 You do look a
bawson. Thah'll meet a bawson [goblin]. What a bawson you ve
made of it.
4. A clamorous, noisy, empty-headed person.
w.Yks. SCATCHERD Hist. Morley (1830) 168, ed. 1874 ; Diet, of
Bailey Dial (1860) 4 ; w.Yks.1 ; w.Yks.5 What's tub clam'ring at
thah gurt bawason !
[1. Bawsin, a badger, ASH (1795) ; A bawsin, taxus,
meles, COLES (1679) ; Taisson, a gray, brock, badger,
bauson . . . blaireau, a boason ; . . . Redone, a bason,
badger, COTGR. ; Bawsone or a gray, taxus, Prompt. ;
Bores, boles, and baucynes, Wm. of Pal. (c. 1350) 2299.
2. A great bawsin, ventrosus, ROBERTSON Phras. (1693).
Repr. OFr. baucenc (pi. battfans], white-spotted (of a
horse), cogn. w. It. balzdno (mod. Fr. balsan),a horse with
white feet; see HATZFELD, LITTRE (s.v. Balzan). The
badger takes this name from the white mark on its face.
See Bausond, adj.]
BAUSON, adj. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Lin. Shr. Also
written bawsin Chs.23 ; bawson Chs.123 s.Chs.1 [b^-san.]
1. Big, fat,. unwieldy, swollen ; also used fig.
Lan, Ehud went an stabt a grete fat baws n king, WALKER
Plebeian Politics J^i^ff) 31. Chs.1 He towd me a bawson lee ;
Chs.23 s.Chs.1 0 bau-sn swej'il uv u wum-fln [a bawson swedgel
of a woman], Stf.2 'er's a greet fat bors'n wumman, an 'er was
dancin' about loike a young wench. nw.Der.1 sw.Lin.1 The old
man's gotten quite bauson. A bauson pig. Shr. BOUND Prov. (1876) ;
Shr.2 Applied to a hog or sow when their bag or belly hangs down,
none of the accustomed operations of the knife having been per-
formed on the former.
2. Comp. Bauson-faced, fat-faced.
s-Chs.1
[Bawsin, big, gross, BAILEY (1721) ; so COLES (1677) ;
Bawsin, magnus, grandis, SKINNER ( 1671) Xxxx. 2. The
same as Bawson, sb.]
BAUSOND, adj. Sc. Dur. Lan. Chs. Also written
baisoned Sc. ; bassand GAM.) ; bawsand (JAM.) Dur.1 ;
bawsant Lan.1 ; bawsint (JAM.) ; bawsont Chs.3
[ba'sand, bo'ssnd, be'sand.]
1. Of animals : having a white spot or streak on the face.
Cf. bald.
Sc. The stirk stands in the tether, And our braw bawsint yade
Will carry ye hame your corn, BAILLIE Woo'd and Married and a'
(MACKAY). Per. (G.W.) Ayr. His honest sonsie baws'nt face,
BURNS Twa Dogs (1786) St. 5; Your bausent cout, your quey, an
rigget cow, SELI.AR Poems (1789) 118. Lnk. Ye said your crum-
mock and her bassen'd quey, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725) 39, ed.
1783. Bwk. (A.W.) Dmf. I'd rather he'd gien him the bausand
cow, CROMEK Nithsdale Sng. (1810) 77. Gall. That horse ye ride
. . . cam' frae aff the Border side. I ken the breed by the bonny
baisoned face o' him, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) xxxi. Kcb. Speer
gin they had seen his bawsant ram, DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 99.
Lan.1, Chs.3
2. Comp. Bausand-faced, streaked with white on the
face.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Ye might try it on the bauson-
faced year-auld quey, SCOTT Midlothian (1818) xxviii. Dur.1
[A bawsonde curtail nagge, Wills N.C. (1549), ed. 1835,
131 (N.E.D.) ; A hors . . .with bawsand face, DOUGLAS
Aen. (1513), ed. 1874, n. 257. OFr. bausant. See Bauson, sb.]
BAUSY, sb. and adj. Sc. Also Wil. Also written
bawsy, borsy, bozzy Wil.1
1. sb. A big, fat person or animal.
n.Sc. Sic a bausy o' a wife's he's mail-net! She'll fill's oxter
(W.G.).
2. adj. Large, corpulent, coarse.
n.Sc. Applied commonly to human beings, in preference to
woman, as, ' That's a fell bausy dehm [dame] it he's gotten for a
kitchie [kitchen] lass.' Applied to animals, as, ' A big bausy cat
wiz sittin o' the aul wife's knee' (W.G.).
3. Comp. Bawsy-faced. Of cloth : having a coarse sur-
face or ' finish.'
Wil.1 Bozzy-faced cloth hain't good enough vor I.
[And bawsy hands to ber a barrow, DUNBAR Maitland
Poems, no (JAM.). Perh. cogn. w. bawsin, see Bauson, adj.
For change of suff. cp. haughty and OFr. hautain.]
BAUTER, see Baiter.
BAUTIE, adj. Cld. (JAM.) [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] Guileful.
[Prob. the same as bawty (a hare), q.v.J
BAUTIN, see Boltin.
BAVER, see Bever.
BAVIN sb1 Yks. Lei. Nhp. War. Glo. Brks. Hrt. Nrf.
Suf. Ess. Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp. I.W. Wil. Dor. Also
written baven Nrf.1 Ken.1 Dor.1 : bauen Ess. ; bavon
Glo.1 Ken. Sus.; bavine I.W.12; bavvin, beuving
n.Yks.2 [bse-vin, ba'vin.]
1. A bundle of brushwood used for fuel, or in fencing,
draining, &c. ; a faggot ; a log.
n.Yks.2 Stout branches sawn into lengths before being cut into
short clumps for firewood. Lei.1 A faggot of brushwood with
three bands used for the draining of land. Nhp.1 A bavin tied
with two bands is a hedge-cutter's perquisite, in contradistinction
to a kid, which has only one band, and is consequently smaller;
Nhp.2 Glo. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (18631; Glo.1 Brks. (Co/I.
L.L.B.); Gl. (1852); Brks.1 A bavin differs from a faggot in
having the brushwood of much smaller description. Bavins arc
used principally for burning in kilns, and for lighting kitchen
fires. Hrt. Bavins and faggots, ELLIS Mod. Husb. VII. ii.
98. e.An. Brush-faggots, with the brushwood at length, RAY
(1691) ; e.An.1, Nrf.1 Sut RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 288, ed. 1849;
MORTON Cyclo. Agric. ( 1863). Ess. In stacking of bauen, and piling
of logs, Make vnder thy bauen a houell for hogs, TUSSER Hus-
bandrie (1580) 133, st 33. Ken. LEWIS /. Tenet Wds. (1736) 51 ;
GROSE (1790) ; The faggots or bavins are made into lengths of
five feet, MARSHALL Review Agric. (1817) V. 430 ; 'This Bavin will
be found only to contain a little of the spray-wood carelessly
pilfered from about the precincts of Parnassus,' from A Bavin of
Bays (1762), N. & Q. (1860) 2nd S. ix. no; The cry of ' bavins !
bavins ! ' . . . is familiar to the frequenters of the Isle of Thanet,
ib. 471; In some parts 'baven' means a large faggot made of
stoutish wood (P.M.) ; Ken.12 A fagot of brushwood bound
with only one wiff. Sur.1 A kind of faggot such as bakers use ;
it differs from a spray-faggot in that all the rough ends are cut off
or tucked in, and that it is more neatly dressed. Sus. De fellur
as hed de pumpkin ketched he's fut in a liddle pet full ov bavins
wud an ammut caste, JACKSON Southward Ho! (1894) I. 433;
(F.E.) ; Sus.1 e.Hmp. A bundle of pea-sticks (W.M.E.FA
s.Hmp. Help me drag in these bavins, VERNEY L. Lisle (1870) xiii.
Hmp.1 Not a faggot, only a bavin. The word faggot is unknown
in n.Hmp. , all bundles of lop or underwood being called
bavins. I.W.1 Faggots made of large branches ; I.W.2 Wil.
BRITTON Beauties (1825) ; The woodman had been cutting brush-
wood, and had laid the bavins and faggots in separate heaps,
KENNARD Diog. Sandals (1893) vi ; (K.) n.Wil. A long faggot of
thorns or bough wood tied with two withs, and used for fencing
the sides of a yard or skillin (E.H.G.). Wil.1 Dor.1 Holes var
rails, An' bavins wi' ther bushy tails, 255.
2. Brushwood, lappings of trees and hedges.
War. WISE Shakespeare (1861) 150. e.An., s.Cy. RAY (1691).
3. Comp. (i) Bavin-lodge, a shed for cattle, the sides of
which are formed of bavins ; (2) -tug, a wagon on which
faggots are carried ; (3) -wood, brushwood ready to be
made into bavins.
Ken. (i)(P. M.) (2) Carriages called bavin-tugs are chiefly used for
faggots, MARSHALL Review (1817) V. 436. (3) Lei.1 Where crackles
bavin-wood or kindly beech, WOTY Poems (1770) 116.
[Bavin, a brush faggot, a stick like those bound up in
a faggot, a piece of waste wood, ASH (1795); Bavins,
brush-faggots, BAILEY (1721) ; Baven, Virgulta, cremia,
' i. e. Arbores minores quarum solus usus est ad focum,'
SKINNER (1671) ; Foiiace, a great kid, baven, or faggot of
small sticks, COTGR. ; Bauen, great fagottes, faullourde,
PALSGR. (1530).]
BAVIN, si.2 Irel. [ba'vin.] A sea fish, the ballen
wrasse, Labrus mamlatus.
Ant. Several species of the Wrasses or Rock fish Labridae,
locally called Bavin, are found here in localities suitable to their
habits, PATTERSON Birds, Fishes, &°c. of Belfast Lough (1881) 245.
N.I.1 Fishermen esteem it of very little account, and generally use
it to bait their lobster-pots with. It is also called Morrian, Murran-
roe, and Gregah.
BAVISH, v. Obs. e.An.1 [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] To drive away.
BAVON
BAWK
N
BAVON, see Bavin.
BAW, see Bawl, Bo.
BAWATY.s*. Obs. n.Cy. Yks. Also written bowety,
bawaty. Linsey-woolsey.
N.Cy.2 Yks. Bawety is a mixture of linnen and woolen (K.).
BAWB, v. Bwk. [bob.] To fish for salmon with a
bob-net.
Bwk. In fairly common use (R.O.H.).
Hence Bawber, one who fishes with a bob-net (now
no longer legally used), a salmon-poacher.
Bwk. HESLOP Gl. ; Fifty years ago the term would convey no
reproach, as the use of the bob-net was not then interfered with
(W.H.H.).
BAWBEE.si. Sc. Irel. n.Cy. Yks. Lei. (?) Also written
baubee Sc. Irel. [ba'bl, bijybl.]
1. A halfpenny ; orig. a Scotch coin equal in value to an
English halfpenny.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; There's mony o' them wadna
mind a bawbee the weising a ball through the Prince himsel, an the
Chief gae them the wink, SCOTT Waverley (1814) Iviii ; It wadna
be creditable for me ... to be fishing for bawbees out at the jail
window wi' the fit o' a stocking and a string, ib. Antiquary (1816)
xxxvii ; Better for her to hae been born a cripple and carried frae
door to door begging bawbees, ib. Midlothian (1818) ix ; I fled
from the eldritch creature, casting her a baubee, STEVENSON Catriona
(1892) iii ; To gather in The bawbees, ALLAN Lilts (1874) 7. ne.Sc.
He wud hae been better in's grave, an' his bawbees in their pooch,
GRANT Keckleton, 39. Sc. I know the price tae a bawbee, TWEED-
DALE Moff (1896) 35. Abd. We gave our bawbees, ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb (1871) n ; But did ye no get some bawbees wi' yer
wife ? SMILES Sc. Natur. (1876) ix. Frf. Three bawbees the yard at
Kyowowy's shop, BARRIE Minister (1891) xv. Per. I hear ye're
githering the bawbees thegither as usual, IAN MACLAREN Auld
Lang Syne (1895) 17. Fif. Little urchins with bawbees to spend,
MACDONALD Alec Forbes (1876) 23 ; Ye were aye ower miserly to
e'en waste a bawbee on ... trash, M'LAREN Tibbie (1894) 38. Ayr.
I'll gie John Ross another bawbee To boat me o'er to Charlie,
BURNS Come Boat Me, st. i ; Ye'll hae nae chance to get either plack
or bawbee frae me a' your days, GALT Sir Andrew (1821) x ;
Doing with their bawbees and pennies what the great do with
their pounds, ib. Annals (1821) xlvii. Lnk. Tak' care o' your baw-
bees, bairns, when ye gang to the fair, FRASER Whaups (1895} i.
e.Lth. An' there's me wi' a muckle bucht-seat o' my ain in the
pairish kirk, an' no' a bawbee to pay for't, HUNTER /. Inwick
(1895) 15. Edb. To lay by a wheen bawbees for a sore head or the
frailties of old age, MOIR Mansie Wauch(i82&] xxv. Bwk. You're
like a Lauderdale bawbee, As bad as bad can be, HENDERSON Pop.
Rhymes (1856) 33. Gall. There, guidman o' Airieland, is a bawbee
to pay for the girse, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) xviii. Ir. Before it
came nothing went well with him, he never could make a baubee,
Flk-Lore Rec. (1881) IV. 113; I wasn't to get a ha'penny for it at all,
och no ! not a brass bawbee, BARLOW Kerrigan (1894) 43 ; But
'twas all tatters at the bottom, not worth a bawbee to mine, ib.
Lisconnel (1895) 65. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.) w.Yks.s I
aant a bawbee abart muh, soa ah can't gi'e thuh nowt. ' Nut worth
a bawbee ! ' is a phr. of constant recurrence. It taks a good deal o'
pity to weigh darn a bawbee. Lei.1 Cant. Life B. M. Carew
(1791) Gl.
2. Used attrib. as in (i) Bawbee-dragon, a boy's cheap
paper kite ; (2) -elder, an elder of the church who merely
collects the offertory ; (3) -jo, a lover hired for a bawbee ;
(4) -kirk, name given to the Free Church ; (5) -row, a half-
penny roll ; (6) -whistle, a halfpenny whistle.
Lth. (i) Whyles fleein' high, wi'pridefu" skill, My bawbee dragon
on the Hill, SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 35. (a) (A.W.) (3) Sc.
Cleikin up wi' baubee-joes, STEVENSON Catriona (1892) i ; The
custom referred to is that girls who cannot get young men to walk
out with them for love pay them to do so — a shilling a trip for a
civilian and two shillings for a soldier. I have never heard of this
custom in Scotland (W.G.). (4) Frf. The Free [Church], which
has been called the bawbee kirk, because so many halfpennies
find their way into the plate, BARRIE Lie/it (1888) 64. (5) Sc.
They may bide in her shop-window wi' the snaps and bawbee
rows till Beltane, SCOTT Ronan (1824) ii. (6) Lnk. Deugs of
velvet ; chips of christal, A facon'sbell or baubee whistle, RAMSAY
Poems (1727) 142, ed. 1733.
[Baubee (used in Sc. and n.Cy.), a halfpenny, a farthing,
ASH (1795) I A baubee (farthing), quadrans, COLES (1679) ;
Baubyes 2 to one penny English, BRERETON Trav. (1635),
VOL. i.
ed. 1844, 188 (Chet. Soc.) ; With us thare did not remane
the valow of a babie, KNOX Hist. Ref. (c. 1572) 151 (JAM.) ;
The cause of thir bawbeis cunyeing was the warres that
schortlie begowde betuixt ws and Ingland, Hopetoun MS.
(1542) in Coinage of Scotland, 96 (N.E.D.).]
BAWBELL, sb. w.Yks. A flame, a blaze.
w.Yks. Only used in Wilsden by elderly persons when speaking
to children. It is dark ! Ah'll mak' a bawbell. Moan't touch it ;
t'bawbell burns, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Aug. 15, 1891) ; Baubil, Hlfx.
Wds.
BAWCOCK, sb. Yks. Lin. [bq'kok.]
1. A semi-mocking term of endearment.
w.Yks. If onybody's to handle Mark Nelson's money, it shall be
thee, my baw-cock, SNOWDEN Web of Weaver (1896) xiv.
2. A foolish person.
n.Lin.1
[Bawcock (a word used only in very familiar style), a
fine fellow, ASH (1795) ; Good bawcock, bate thy rage,
SHAKS. Hen. V, m. n. 25. Fr. beau coq, ' fine cock.' For
baw=Fr. beau cp. the form bawshere (= beau sire) in
Towneley Myst. 69.]
BAWCON, see Barken.
BAWD, sb.1 Sc. Der. Not. [bad, b§d.] A hare. See
Bawty.
Bch. I saw (and shame it wis to see) You rin awa' like bawds,
Poems in Buchan Dial. (1785) 23 (JAM.). Der. As soon as he
spied the bawd and bacon, JEWETT Ballads (1867) 127. Not. Not
uncommon in country places (F.E.B.).
[SHAKS. plays upon this sense of ' bawd ' in R. <&•> /.
n. iv. 135 : Mer. A bawd, a bawd, a bawd ! So ho ! — Rom.
What hast thou found ? — Mer. No hare, sir.]
BAWD, sb.2 and v. Glo. Also written bad Glo.1
1. sb. Sticky dirt, as black cart-grease ; also known as
Dodman.
Glo. (S.S.B.); Glo.1
2. v. To soil, to make dirty.
Glo. (S.S.B.) ; Glo.1 The grass is that bathy as it bawds the
scythe.
[2. Her shone smered wyth talowe Gresed ypon dyrt
That baudeth her skyrt, SKELTON Elynour Rummyng
(c. 1525) in Wks., ed. Dyce, I. 98.]
BAWDA, see Balder.
BAWDLE, see Bodle.
BAWDMONEY, see Baldmoney.
BAWDRONS, see Baudrons.
BAWDYKITE, see Bowdykite.
BAWF, adj. Yks. Also written bauf n.Yks.2 m.Yks.1
ell-grown, robust, fine, stout.
luYks.1; n.Yks.2 A brave bauf bairn. e.Yks.1 My eye ! disn't
he begin ti leeak bawf ? m.Yks.1
2. Comp. Bawf-faced, fat-faced, ruddy.
n.Yks.2
BAWGIE, see BAAGIE.
BAWK, v. Yks. Lan. Chs. [bpk, bosk.] Gen. with
prep, out : to cry out, shout.
w.Yks. They screw'd an' pull'd, an' t'parson bawk't aght, TOM
TREDDLEHOYLE Baimsla Ann. (1847) 41 ; When t'train stops at a
stashan at which yo arrant goin ta get aht, doant put yer head aht
a t'winda an bawk aht, yer soft, ib. (1861) 8; Fowks doin nowt
but hoppin abaht wi crutches, an goin dubblefowd wi pain i' ther
back, an bawkin aht when they trade on a pebble, Pogmoor Olm.
(1868) 23 ; Hey an t'chap at laupt into a coud bath bawkt aht, TOM
TREDDLEHOYLE BairnslaAnn. (1873) 7 ; w.Yks.5 To speak loudly
and without premeditation, as several persons anxious to prevent an
accident all 'bawk out' together. Lan. Th' ghost. . . hawked
eawt, jumped reet o'er th' edge, and bowted deawn th' lone,
MELLOR Uncle Outdem (1865) 6; Aw thowt his leeiting plecknoan
good, So bawkt as leawd os e'er aw could, HARLAND Wilsons
(1865)51. m.Lan.1 Chs.1 A lad stood under th' bridge an' bawked
ait as aw passed, an' th' tit took boggart s.Chs.1 Aa'r paa'rsn
bau-ks iz woa-rdz aayt su laayd sumtahymz, yfl)d thingk- ey)d
rau-m dhu choa'rch daayn [Ar parson bawks his woards ait sO
lai'd sometimes y&'d think hey'd rawm the choarch dam].
[Du. balken, to bawl, shout (KLUYVER) ; balcken, to cry or
bray as an asse (HEXHAM).
BAWK, see Balk, Bolk.
c c
BAWKEN
[194]
BAWTY
BAWKEN,s6. Irel. [Not known to our correspondents.]
A soft or innocent youth.
s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890).
[Perh. conn. w. balk, vb. 4.]
BAWKER, see Balker, sb>
BAWKIE, sb. Or.I. Also written baukie S. & Ork.1
The Razor Bill, Alca torda.
Or I. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 217. S. & Ork.1
BAWL, sb. Sc. Irel. Som. Dev. Cor. [bal.] A cry,
noise of talking or weeping, esp. in phr. to hold one's ball.
Sc. E'en weans noo, ere they scarce can crawl, Gie vent to tunes,
wi' tiny bawl, ALLAN Lilts (1874) 43. Ir. Troth, the bawls of his
mother an' sisthers were fit to ha' frighted the best, BARLOW Bo^-
/«Mrf(i8g2) 164. w.Som.1 Oald dhee baa'l, ulsaa-1 maekdhee! [Stop
thy chatter, or I will make thee]. Kaa'n spai'k bud uur mus puut
een uur- baa'l ! [One cannot speak (in reproof) but she must put
in her impertinence]. Kau-m soa-us ! yuur-z moo-ur baa-l-n wuurk,
u puurdee suyt ! [Come mates! here is more talk than work, a pretty
sight]. Dev. Tha Pass'n bid min hole ez bal Vur twidd'n be no
yus a tal, NATHAN HOGG Poet. Lett. (1847) and S. 47, ed. 1866.
Cor. Hold thy ball, QUILLER-COUCH///S/. Polperro(^i) 173; Cor.1
BAWL, v. In gen. dial. use. Also written baal Cor. ;
bal Dor.1 Cor.2 ; bol Wm. [bal, bgl.]
1. To cry out, scream, weep ; sometimes with prep.
out.
Chs.1 Oxf.1 Cryin' an" bawlin'. Lev of bawlin' an' I'll giv ee a
lollypop, MS. add. Cor. GROSE (i 790) MS. add. (C. ) ; Cor.2 Balin.
Hence (i) Bawler, sb. a hawker who cries his wares in
the street ; (2) Bawling, ppl. adj. noisy, screaming.
(i) Lon. The proprietors each employ a special 'bawler,' who,
mounted on a barrow in the roadway, . . . attempts to outbawl his
rival, Sunday Mag. ( 1877) 53. Dev.3 'Ot's tha ol' baler crying's
marning? — Aw, zombody'th agot vish tQ zill. (2) Dor.1 An' balen
merrymen did tumble, 186.
2. To low as a cow.
Wm. T'kye creeanan, t'coves bolan, CLARKE Spec. Dial. (1868)
26, ed. 1872. w.Yks. (C.W.H.)
Hence Bawling, ppl. adj. bellowing, lowing.
Pern. Prov. The bawling cow soonest forgets the calf (E.D.).
3. To read aloud (?).
Sus.1 A mother said of a child who did not go to school on
account of illness, ' I keeps him to his book all the same, and his
father likes to hear him bawl a bit in the evening.' [Not known to
our correspondents in this sense.]
4. With prep, off, to scold.
w.Yks. Ta dew owt nobbut bawl us off fur enjoying wersens,
HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1874) 5.
BAWLEY, sb. Nrf. Ess. Ken. Also written bauley
e.An.1 ; baully Ken.1 [bg'li.] A small fishing-smack.
e.An.1 Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) 77. Ess., Ken.
BREWER (1870). Ken.1 Used about the mouth of the Thames and
Medway. Bawleys are gen. about 40 ft. in length, 13 ft. beam,
5 ft. draught, and 15 or 20 tons measurement ; they differ in rig
from a cutter, in having no boom to the mainsail, which is conse-
quently easily brailed up when working the trawl nets. They are
half-decked with a wet well to keep fish alive. ' Hawley, Bawley
— Hawley, Bawley, What have you got in your trawley ? ' is
a taunting rhyme to use to a bawley-man.
BAWM, v. Cum. Wm. Chs. [bgm.] To dress up,
adorn.
Cum. LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 296. Wm. But naw yee see nea
yan bawnth [sic] ith worsed stockins et can git white yans,
WHEELER Dial. (1790) 22, ed. 1821 ; BROCKETT Gl. Chs. May the
lord of the manor who planted it [a hawthorn tree] thrive, May
the wenches who bawm it all speedily wive, LEIGH Ballads ( iSfn}
167 ; Chs.123
Hence Bawming, vbl. sb. adorning. In phr. bawming
the thorn, see below. Obs.
Chs. This merrymaking (now discontinued) used to be held
annually on St. Peter's day, LEIGH Ballads (1867) 164 ; Chs.1 ;
Chs.2 At Appleton it was the custom at the time of the wake
to clip and adorn an old hawthorn which till very lately stood in
the middle of the town. This ceremony is called the Bawming of
Appleton Thorn ; Chs.3 The landlord of the Thorn and other
witnesses called it 'Earning [sic] the Thorn.'
[Prob. the same as Balm, v.]
BAWM, see Balm, Barm.
BAWMY, see Barmy.
BAWN, sb. Irel. Also written bawen, bane, [b^n.]
1. A court -yard or enclosure for cattle ; a cattle-fold.
Ir. He built some highly superior sheds in the bawn to the
bettering of his cattle's condition, BARLOW Lisconnel (1895) 14. uis.
Ulster Jm. Arch. (1853-1862) VI. 126. Wxf. They were obliged
to remove, one to the south fence of the orchard, the other to the
west end of the great bawn, KENNEDY Banks Boro (1867) 23.
s.Wxf. ' In with him an them into the bawn, an" now," sez he, ' milk
them,' Fenian Nights in Shamrock Mag. (Feb. 3, 1894) 279, col. i ;
I trailed a rose tree our grey bawn o'er, DE VERE Innisfail (1863)
65 ; Six of the twelve . . . entered in the afternoon the bawn of Father
James Murphy, KENNEDY Banks Boro (1867) xxx.
2. Comp. (i) Bawn-ditch ; (2) -gate, the entrance to the
cattle-fold.
(i) Ir. The woman was on the bawn-ditch, YEATS Flk. Tales
(1888) 231. Wxf. Getting on the bawn ditch to spy, KENNEDY
Evenings Duffrey (1869) 41. (a) Ir. And he was driving them out
at the bawn gate, KENNEDY Fireside Stories (1870) n.
3. The fortified enclosure or yard built round a castle
or country-house, orig. as a defence for cattle against
marauders.
Ir. The nobleman put him into a cellar, where was a grate, and
without a baune with an high wale, Paddiana (1848) II. 254 ; And
saw at dawn the lofty bawn Of Castle-Connor fade, CAMPBELL
O'Connors Child in N. &> Q. (1850) ist S. ii. 94 ; Holding ' in
capite ' from the king, with the condition that he builds a strong castle
and a bawn, LEVER D. Dunn (ed. 1872) Ixxix. Uls. A bawn . . .
a kind of 'court-yard which might be used on emergency as a
fortification for defence. They were constructed either of lime
and stone, of stone and clay, or of sods, and twelve to fourteen
feet high, and sometimes enclosing a dwelling-house, and with the
addition of 'flankers,' MACNEVIN Confisc. of Uls. (1846) 171, in
N.&>Q. ( 1850) ist S. ii. 27. s.lT. Before the practice of housing
cattle had become general, every country gentleman's house had
its bawn or bane, N. & Q. (1850) ist S. ii. 60. Wxf.1
4. Land that has been long in grass.
Man. N. & Q. (1850) ist S. ii. 60.
[1. These rounde hills and square bawnes, which ye
see soe strongly trenched and throwen up, SPENSER State
Ireland (i 596), ed. Morris, 642. Ir. ' bdbhtin, an enclosure
for cattle" (O'REILLY) ; Gael, 'babhunn, a bulwark, rampart,
tower, enclosure, a fold where cattle are milked ' (MACLEOD
& UEWAR) ; Mir. bodhun, fr. bo (a cow) and dun (a fortress),
see MACBAIN.]
BAWND, see Bown.
BAWSAND, see Bausond.
BAWSEN, see Bussen.
BAWSEY FERN, sb. Nrf. The crested fern, Lastrea
cristata. So called from its growth at Bawsey.
BAWSY, sb. Sc. Also written bassie.
1. A horse or cow having a white strip or patch on the
face (JAM. SuppL). See Bald, Bausond.
2. An old horse. See Bausy, sb.
Sc. Some bassies niest are pitched upon to ren a race, LIDDLE
Poems (1821) 43 ; Used as a familiar name for an old horse, a
douce canny old beast (JAM. Suppl.) • MORTON Cyclo. Agnc.(iB6s).
Bwk. The Howdie on the auld grey mare, Will never live till
she come here ; She'll perish sure on bassie's back, HENDERSON
Pop. Rhymes (1856) 165. Kcb. The harrows yok'd and now,
Bawsy, reluctant, tears the brechan roots Harsh, spaul frae
spaul, and shuts the sawing scene, DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 8.
BAWSYN, see Bauson.
BAWTRY, adj. Lan. [b§-tri.] Dirty, dauby. See
Bawd, sb?
s.Lan. BAMFORD Dial. (1850) Gl.; In common use (S.W.).
BAWTRY-S ALAD, sb. Lin. The weeds which come
down the river Trent in summer time, when the drains
and ditches which communicate with it in the earlier part
of its course are being cleansed.
Lin. Bawtry is the principal town on the Idle. When the weeds
are cut in the Idle they are carried down to the Trent by the
current, and cause much inconvenience to the fishermen, by
fouling their nets. This term is only used in the lower Trent
district (A.A.). n.Lin.1
BAWTY, sb. Sc. Cum. Also written bawtie.
1. A dog.
Sc. Bourd not with bawty, fear lest he bite you, RAY Prov.
(1678) 363; Whenever our bawty does bark Then fast to the
BAXEN
BAY
door I rin, HERD'S Coll. (1776) II. 82 (JAM.); Gen, term for a
mastif or house-dog, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; DALRYMPLE
Gl. (c. 1800). Ayr. The Spanish empire's tint a head An' my
toothless Bawtie's dead, BURNS Elegy on Yeai-(i"]8g) 1. 10. Bwk.
Bawtie is well known to be a sort of generic name for a colly or
shepherd's dog among the peasantry, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes
(1856) 4. Cnm.1 A dog having a white face is so called.
2. A hare.
Sc. Some distance off where plantins grow . . . There Bawty
hopes to hide her pou, A. SCOTT Poems (1805) 77. Rxb. (JAM.)
s.v. Batie.
[1. Bawte (Bawtie, ed. 1871), the kingis best belouit
dog, LYNDESAY Complaint (c. 1536), in W RS. (E.E.T.S. 47)
566. OF r. baud, 'chien courant, originaire de Barbaric'
(HATZFELD). Cp. COTGR. (s.v. Souillard) : The Bauds,
white and excellent hounds. Baus . . . ' pour ce qu'ilz
sont baus et bons et sages pour le cerf ' (MS. in LA CURNE,
s.v. Band). The same as OFr. baud, gay, proud. Of
Germ, origin; cp. OHG. bald; OE. beald (bold).]
BAXEN, sb.pl. ?Obs. s.Pem. Stockings.
s.Pem. Pull off irwar baxen, I wants to mend am a bit
(W.M.M.).
[Apparently conn. w. Fr. has, pi. (stockings), whence
Du. ' basen, nether-stockins ' (HEXHAM). Cp. the Bearnais
forms, baxar (for baisser), baixs (for has, low) (LESPY).]
BAXSTONE, BAXTAN, see Backstone.
BAXTER, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. [ba-kstar.]
1. A baker ; also occas. a female baker. See also Back-
ster, Bakester.
Sc. Ye breed of the baxters, ye loo your neighbour's browst better
than your ain batch, RAMSAY Prov. (1737) 80, ed. 1776 (JAM.);
Scotic. (1787) 13; Monthly Mag. (1798) II. 436; But what need
he dun us for it, man, like a baxter at the breaking ? SCOTT Nigel
(1822) v; Cunning baxters, excellent cooks, ib. Waverley (1814)
xxiv. Abd. A basket fu' o' cakes— Nae like the bits the baxter bakes,
BEATTIES Parings (1801) u, ed. 1873. Fif. The bluidy butchers,
and the baxters, Had chappin'-knives beneath their oxters, TENNANT
Papistry (1827) 54. Ayr. The baxter in whose shop we saw her
Majesty, GALT Legatees (1820) viii. Nhb.1 n.Yks. Betty Husband
was a baxter (I.W.) ; n.Yks.2 A baxter's stand, a bread-stall.
m.Yks.1
2. Comp. Baxter-chap, a baker's boy or apprentice.
Fif. Hurlbarrows, fillet to their taps Wi' saxpence laifs.and cakes,
and baps, Were haurlit down by baxter-chaps, TENNANT Papistry
(1827) 114.
BAXTON(E, see Backstone.
BAXUP, see Back, sb.1 8.
BAY, sb.1 Irel. Yks. Chs. Der. Lei. Nhp. War. Shr.
Hrf. Bdf. Hit. Nrf. Suf. Ess. Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp. Wil.
Som. Also written bee s.Chs.1 [be, bea.]
L A division or space in a building between two main
beams ; gen. applied to a barn or farm-building.
n.Ir. The- bay is the distance or space from one ' couple ' to
another. A house with one ' couple ' would have two bays.
These bays seem only to mark the divisions of the roof, not
necessarily the ground space (A.J.I.). w.Yks. A row of cottages,
having five rooms to the front, is said to be of five bays, or five
bay, for the word does not appear to be used in the plural. So
a barn, of which the roof is divided by the main cross-beams into
five portions, is said to be of five bay, Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.1 We say
of anything valuable, ' It's worth a bay of wheat. ' nw.Der.1 Lei.1
The vicarage house, consisting of five bayes, and abarn of five bayes,
a stable, and two other little bayes of building, Terrier ofClaybrook
(1638). Nhp.1 A barn is said to consist of so many bays according
to the number of beams ; each is termed a ten, fifteen, or twenty
feet bay in accordance with the space between each beam, and the
quantity of wheat lying on one side of a barn, or more correctly
between the main beams, is designated a bay of wheat ; Nhp.2
War.3 Quite common. e.An.1 We speak of a barn, or a cart-lodge,
of so many bays. Suf. (C.T.), Suf.1, Sus.1 Sus., Hmp. HOLLOWAY.
Wil.1 w.Som.1 If an old roof required new covering in uncertain
weather, it would be usual to give orders only to strip one bay at
a time. It would gen. be about ten feet wide, but depending upon
the construction of the roof. Wee aa'n u-guut uun-ee bud waun
bar u raef'turz vur tu fun'eesh [we have only got one bay of
rafters to finish].
2. The space between the threshing-floor and the end
of a barn, in which corn or straw is stored.
w.Yks.2 That part of a barn in which corn or straw is stored.
Chs.1 The old-fashioned barn consisted of a threshing floor, or barn
proper, in the middle, which was flagged, sometimes boarded, and
in a few of the very oldest buildings, made of a calcareous clay,
which was burnt and hardened into a kind of cement. On one
or both sides of the threshing floor was a bay for storing corn in
the sheaf. The bays were separated from the threshing floor by
a low wall, but were otherwise open to the barn. There are
plenty still in existence ; Chs.8 A division, like a barn, only open
partially on two, three, or all sides, with a slate roof, where hay
is placed instead of being stacked in a hay-rick. It is something
synonymous with balks, except that in the latter case the hay is
completely under cover. s.Chs.1 A compartment communicating
with a barn by means of a large square opening in the wall. Der.2
nw.Der.1 That portion of many barns on one side of the thrash-
ing floor, extending from the floor to the roof, as distinguished
from the bawks on the other side which is the space over the
shippens or cow-houses. Shr. The air penetrates through all
parts of a bay surrounded with boards, MARSHALL Review (1818)
II. 238 ; Shr.1, Hrf.1 Bdf. A bay of corn, a part railed off from
barton, BATCHELOR Anal. Eng. Lang. (1809). Hrt. He had but
half a bay of wheat, ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) V. i. Nrf., Suf.,
Ess. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). Suf. RAINBIRD Agric. (1819)
288, ed. 1849. Ken. In the old-fashioned barns the middle is divided
from eithersideby boarded partitions about four feet high; these sides
so boarded off are termed bays (P.M.). Sur.1, Hmp. (J.R.W.),
Hmp.1 w.Som.1 That part of a barn which is gen. on each side of
the thrashing-floor; in this sense, no doubt, the space partitioned
off by the floor partakes of the nature of a recess. The word is
used to express the entire space on either side of the floor.
3. Comp. Bay-boards, (i) the boards which partition off
the middle of the barn from the bays ; (2) the boards
which fit into the space between the doors of a barn and
the ground ; (3) boards in an oast kiln to prevent the
hops falling out when the door is opened.
(i) Ken. In some places the boards which cover the space
between the bottom of the barn-door and the ground are called
rack-boards, while the term bay-boards is confined to the boards
which partition off the middle of the barn from the bays (P.M.).
(2) Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1 The large folding doors of a barn do not
reach to the ground, and the intervening space is closed by four or
five moveable boards which fit in a groove — these are called bay-
boards. (3) Ken. At the entrance to an oast kiln on the inner side
of the door there is a board about 2 ft. high — detachable, sliding in
grooves, to prevent the hops falling out when the door is opened ;
this is called the bay-boards (P.M.).
4. One of the rooms of a cottage or one-storied house.
N.I.1, w.Yks.2
[1. A bay of building, mensura viginti quatuor pedum,
COLES (1679) ; Travee, a bay of building; the space and
length between the main beams of a room or between
two beams, COTGR. Fr. bate, OFr. bae'e, ' ouverture beante '
(HATZFELD).]
BAY, sb.2 and v.1 Ken. Sur. Sus. I.W. Wil. Dor. Som.
Dev. [be, bea.]
1. sb. A dam or bank across a stream to keep back the
water ; also the pool itself.
Ken. (P.M.) Sur.1 A pond-head, where the water is kept up to
drive a mill, or for ornamental purposes. Sus.1, I.W.2 n. Wil. These
[jacks] will leap a bay or dam if it interrupts their voyaging down
the stream. I have seen a young jack, about a foot long, leap over a
bay, and fall three or four feet on to the stony floor below, JEFFERIES
Wild Life (1879) 355. Wil.1 Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863). w.Som.1
Never applied to the water itself. In mixing mortar, it is usual to
make a circular bay of sand to retain the water poured on the lime.
A very common method of fish-poaching is to make a bay, at a dry
season, so as to divert the stream from a pool or a hole, and then
to dip out all the water in the pool, of course catching all the fish.
Dev. The stream falls over its rocky ledges into deep ' bays,' where
the clear brown water, after eddying round and round as if seeking
an outlet, checks its speed for a moment, PAGE Explor. Drtm.
(1889) xii.
2. v. To dam or keep back water ; gen. used with
back.
Ken. (P.M.), Sur.1, Wil.1 w.Som.1 To bay back the water, is one
of the commonest of phrases. The wind bayed back the tide. Mr.
Baker 've a bayed back the water eens all o' it urnth down his ditch,
and we 'ant a got a drop vor the stock to drink. Dev. The water
was 3 feet in half an hour, and now you would have to bay back
the stream to get a bucket-full, Reports Provinc. (1881) 8.
[Bay, a dam to keep up water, ASH (1795) ; A bay (dam),
C C 2
BAY
[196]
BAZIL
pila, moles, COLES (1679) ; Moile, a dam or bay of planks
whereby the force of water is broken, COTGR. ; Baye or
penne is a pond-head made up of a great height to keep
in a great quantity or store of water; this word is men-
tioned in the statute 27 Eliz. cap. 19, COWELL Interp. (ed.
1637) ; Bay, obstaculwn, Prompt.]
BAY, sb.» Nrf. Suf. [be.] A squirrel's nest. Cf.
dray.
e.An.1, Nrf.1 Suf. ff. & Q. (1852) ist S. v. 67 ; WHITE Selborne
(1788) 286, ed. 1853 ; Suf.1
BAY, sb.* Som. Dev. [be.] The second branch of a
stag's horn.
w.Som.1 n.Dev. Close to the head a point springs from the
beam and is curved upwards : this is called the brow-point. Just
over it a second starts, in shape resembling the first, but not so
long or large : this is called the bay, JEFFERIES Red Deer(i884) iv.
[Abbrev. for bay-antler. Surendouiller, the be-ancler
of a buck, the second branch on either of their heads,
COTGR. The prefixed bay, be- repr. Fr. be'-, bes-, Lat. bis.
The form with bes- is found : Bez-antler, the second
branch of a stag's horn next above the brow-antler,
PHILLIPS (1706).]
BAY, v.2 and sb* Sc. Also Som. Dev. [be.]
I. 1. v. Of stag or bloodhounds : to utter a long, deep
howl.
w.Som.1
2. To assail with barking.
w.Som.1 Hounds are said to bay a deer when they surround
him in some spot where they cannot get at him, but keep baying
at him. ' Here the pack bayed him on a rock for an hour, and in
attempting to turn round he fell, and the hounds closed on him,'
Rec. n.Dev. Staghounds, 41. ' We see below us our quarry, . . .
standing proudly on a rock surrounded by the flowing tide.
. . . The hounds bay him from the land,' COLLYNS, 143.
3. sb. The long, deep howl of hounds when hunting.
w.Som.1 Of staghounds a man would say : Aay yuurd dhu bai-
oa-m [I heard their bay]. Dev. Soon would burst on his ear
that loud and welcome chorus called the ' bay,' WHYTE-MELVILLE
Katerfelto (1875) xxiii.
4. In phr. to break bay, of a stag : to get away after being
brought to bay.
Dev. There's a time for a deer to move, ... a time for 'un to
stand at bay, and a time for 'un to break the bay, WHYTE-
MELVILLE Katerfelto (1875) xxv.
II. 1. v . To raise the voice loudly, gen. in weeping.
Bnff.1 The muckle bairnly breet o' a loon began t'bay an' greet
fin s mither geed awa. ' Got ' is sometimes added. The word
conveys the idea of childishness.
2. sb. The voice raised loudly, gen. used of weeping.
Bnff.1 He ga' a bay nae ordinar, fin he wiz pitten in amo' the
caul wattir.
Hence (i) Bayan, vbl. sb. the act of raising the voice
loudly ; (2) Bayin, fpl. adj. having the habit of raising
the voice loudly.
Bnff.i
[1. The wakefull dogs did never cease to bay, SPENSER
**9- (1596) i. v.3o; This hounde bayeth at somwhat, ce
chyen aboye a quelque chose, PALSGR. (1530). 2. And by the
way continually they bay me, As hungrie wolues at
passengers doe howle, DRAYTON Leg. P. Gaueston (1596),
ed. 1613. Cp. OFr. abater (mod. aboyer), ' donner delta
voix ' (HATZFELD).]
£^£' S*L6, Bnflf'1 [b5'l An unseemly mass.
BAY, sb? ?Obs. e.Lan.1 Baize or coarse woollen
cloth.
[Bay is also a sort of woollen stuff made chiefly in
Colchester, where there is a hall, called the Dutch Bav-
haU, CHAMBERS Cycl. (1727) ; The Flemish bay and say
makers petitioned to have free trade with London during
the siege (1648), MARKHAM Fairfax (1870) 320. Fr. bat*
'baye, the cloth called bayes' (Cork). Cp. Du 'baey
bayes or course-rugged cloath of a small price ' (HEXHAM).]
BAY sb* Nhb. [be.] An imaginary enclosure or
place of safety in outdoor games.
Nhb. Bays are used in three games at least In Bedstocks (a v )
*mah °f P'f ,C iS C^lled the ^ and into this bay *e prisoners
are brought and lodged when captured. One warder on duty can
hold any number of captives provided he retains his foot upon
a stone opposite the bay. In the games of Pie-baal and in Widdy-
widdy-way (q.v.) the bay is a place of refuge. The player is
in danger only when outside the bay (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.1 Thoo canna
catch me, noo aa's i' the bay.
BAY, v? Cum. Wm. [be.] To bend.
N.Cy.1 Cum. Lang willy-wands for hoops I yust to bay, RELPH
Misc. Poems (1747) 13 ; Gl. (1851). Wm. & Cum.1
Hence Bay-ice, sb. ice thin enough to bend.
N.Cy.1
[To be ich buwe and mine kneon ich beie, Horn. (c.
1250) I. 191 ; 3ef bu null to ure wil buhen and beien,
Juliana (c. 1230^27. OE. (Anglian) began, to bend ; WS.
biegan (Kgan, bygari)^
BAYARD, sb. Obs. ? Lin. Som. Slang.
1. A horse of a bay colour.
Lin.1 A Bayard or bay horse is said to have made an extraordinary
leap over a cross road in this county, a little to the «. of Ancaster,
and the place is now known as Bayard's leap. Som. RAY (1691).
2. In phr. to ride Bayard often toes, to go on foot.
Lin.1 Slang. (FARMER) ; The old equivalent of ' Shanks' mare,'
to go on foot. In the old romances Bayard was a celebrated horse,
BARRERE & LELANO.
[1. Bayard (a horse), equus badius, ROBERTSON Phras.
(1693) ; Bayar \-arde, f.), a bay horse (a bayard), COTGR.
OFr. bayard, bay-coloured. 2. The walke of the wofull
and his horse, Bayard of ten toes, BRETON Good and
Badde (1606) 14 (FARMER).]
Nrf. Suf.
The common sheldrake,
BAY-DUCK, sb.
Tadorna cornuta.
e.An,1 From its bright colour, like that of a bay horse. Some-
times the May duck or gargander. Nrf. SWAINSON Birds (1885)
153 ; Nrf.1 Suf.1 In some parts of Suf. bordering on Nrf. the
Shell-duck is called Bay-duck.
BAY LAMBS, sb. pi. Yks. The male flowers of
Finns sylvestris.
BAYLE, see Bale.
BAYNISH, see Bairnish.
BAYS, sb. pi. Nhb. Chs. Lin. Also in form baize
Chs.13 [bez.] In phr. to run or play at bays. See Bay, si.8
Nhb. ' To play at bays ' I understand to mean to play either
at Bedstocks (q.v.), Pie-baal, or Widdy-widdy-way (q.v.) (R.O.H.).
Chs. To play or run at bayze, is a sport used in this county,
GOUGH MS. Chs. 5 ; Chs.1 3 Lin. To play or run at bays, an exercise
used at Boston, BAILEY (1721); Bayze vel Bayes, to play or run
at Bayze, vox omnibus nota, quibus fanum Botolphi seu Bostonium
agri Lincolniensis Emporium notum est, SKINNER (1671).
BAYSOM, see Besom.
BAYTHERSHIN, see Baithershin.
BAZE, v.1 Obsol. Cum. To prize or lift with a lever
or with bars.
Cum. Git thy hack in aback eh mine an try if thoo can baze't up,
SARGISSON Joe Scoap (1881) 225 ; Both this word and ' prize ' are
used indiscriminately for raising or moving by force and imple-
ments (E.W.P.) ; Cum.1
BAZE,_z>.2 Nhb. Cum. Also written baise, baize
Cum. [bez.] To alarm, to puzzle, to bewilder ; used also
in pass, to be at a loss.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Cum. Tom Ridley was aw baiz'd wi' drinkin,
ANDERSON Ballads (1808) II. 149, ed. 1820 ; Gies ty fist, Ellik !
how's tou ?— Wey, aw bais'd, an' bluitert, an' queerish, it. II. 170.
[Du. basen, to rave (HEXHAM) ; LG. basen, to be be-
wildered from drink (BERGHAUS) ; MLG. basen, to speak
and behave as a fool (SCHILLER-LUBBEN).]
BAZELARDE, see Baslard.
BAZIER, sb. Lan. e.An. Dev. Also written baisier
Dev. ; basier Lan.1 The auricula, Primula auricula.
See Bear's ear.
Lan. So called in Eccles, CHAMBERS Bk. Days (1869) I. 547 ;
Science Gossip (1875) 238 ; Lan.1 Our flocks they're all folded, and
young lambs sweetly do play, And the basiers are sweet in the
morning of May, May Song in Ballads, 88. Dev. The name is
commonly used, Science Gossip (1875) 259 ; Reports Provinc. (1885)
87. n.Dev. An' baisiers too in pours, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867)
st. 49.
BAZIL, sb. Sc. A sot, a drunkard. See Bezzle.
Frf. He scorned to soak 'mang weirdlass fellows Wi' menseless
bazils in an alehouse, BEATTIE Arnha (c. 1820) 18, ed, 1882.
BAZING
[197]
BE
BAZING, see Basing.
BAZON, see Bysen.
BAZZ, v. and sb. Lan. Chs. War. Shr. Also written
baz, buz s.Chs.1 [baz, basz.]
1. v. To throw with force.
s.Lan. (T.R.C.) Chs.1 1 bazzed it at him. s.Chs.1 Baaz- u rofn
tuu-rmit fit iz yed [Baz a rotten turmit at his yed]. War.
(J.R.W.)
2. To move quickly or energetically, to rush, to dash.
s.Chs. NaV let's baz into the work, an' get it o'er ; s.Chs.1 Evri
naay On dhen ey)d stop bihin-t tii tairk tu siim un iz plee'maaruz,
an ahy thuwt wi)d lost im, un dhen ey)d kum buz'in up ugy'en
[Hey'd stop behint to talk to some on his pleemarrows, an' I thowt
we'd lost him, an' then hey'd come buzzin up again].
3. To thrash, beat.
s.Lan. (T.R.C.) Shr.1 Young chap, I'll baz yore back if yo binna
sharp.
4. sb. A blow.
s.Lan. I caught him a bazz on the ear (T.R.C.). s.Chs.1 It kum
iigy'en- dhu dbo-urwidh u praafi baaz- [It come agen the door
with a pratty baz].
BAZZ, adv. Lan. [baz.] Suddenly, abruptly.
Lan. Bazz there coom a hondful o' summat i' my face, STATON
Rays (c. 1861) no ; To goo bazz reet o'er th' head [into a bath],
i*. Bobby Shuttle, 3.
BAZZIES, sb. pi. Ken. The flower-heads of bur-
dock, Arctium lappa.
BAZZIL-ARSED, adj. s.Chs.1 [ba'zl-ast.] With fat
buttocks.
BAZZLE, see Bezzle.
BAZZOCK, v, Yks. Also written bazzack, bazzak,
bazzic, bassock, bassack, basic, [ba'zak, ba'sok. | To
beat, to thrash soundly.
n.Yks. He was nearly bassocked to death, Leeds Merc. Suppl.
(Dec. 20, 1890) ; n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1 Ah bassak'd em in wi' a mell.
e.Yks. And he bazzacked her whahl she was stiff as a stowp,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 40. w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Aug. 15,
1891).
Hence Bazzocking, vbl. sb. a thrashing, a beating.
n.Yks.2 A good bazzicking. ne.Yks.1 T'grund's that hard they
want a vast o' bassakin' doon.
BAZZOCKS, sb. pi. Yks. Also in form brazzocks.
Wild mustard, Sinapis arvensis.
n.Yks.2 The runch or wild mustard growing among the corn.
BAZZOM, sb. and adj. Dev. Cor. Also written
bassam, bazaam, bazam.
1. sb. Purple heather.
Dev.1 The innocent face o' an like bassam, 15. Cor. My arms
here like bazam the rogue have abruised, Tales (1873) 81. w.Cor.
Milk as blue as bazzom (A.L.M.). Cor.1
2. adj. Also Bazzomy. Of a purplish tint, heather-
coloured.
Dev. The human skin is said to be bazzam or bozzomy when it
is discoloured, PENGKLLY Prov. (1875) 40. Cor. The lady wore
bassomy bows inher cap, 'Q.' Noughts and Crosses (1891) 19; Cor.1;
Cor.2 Mostly used of the skin, face, and especially the lips ; Cor.3
In comp. Bassomy-red, a reddish-purple colour.
Cor. ' Drat the colour ! ' says ould Mennear, ' I've a-paid my
price, an" I'll ha' the biggest, ef et be bassomy-red,' ' Q.' Troy
Town (1888) xi.
BE, v. [Forms which differ from the lit. E. in pron.
only are gen. omitted.]
I. Indicative Mood, Present Tense.
1. Simple Affirmative.
Sh.I. Du is ; we, ye, dey er (K.I.). Crm. We wez, ELLIS Pron.
(1889) v- 772- Fit Aa'z (?), ib. 724. s.Sc. Aa ym oraa'm ; hey ys
or hey's ; wey, yer, thay yr or wey're, &c., MURRAY Dial. (1873)
219. Dmf. I is (occas.), ELLIS, 497. Ant. I'um, y'are, we be, the
houses is (S.A.B.). Wxf.1 'Cham. Nhb. Aa is or 's, thoo is or 's,
wi ar orwor, yororyer, thor, thehoozes is(R.O.H.) ; At Berwick,
these is, never 'are,' ELLIS, 652 ; Nhb.1 'Is't' is used in the strong
affirmative sense. Is't fower o'clock yit ? — Aye is't [yes, indeed it
is]. He bis ne use at aall. Dur. Lewk nut atoppa mah, becouse
a' as black, MOORE Sng. Sol. (1859) i. 6. m.Cuin. Ah'z or iz,
thoo'z or iz (J.A.) ; Thy brows is like a bit of a pomgranate,
DICKINSON Sng. Sol. (1859) vi. 7. s.Cum. Ah is or 's, thoo is or 's,
t'houses is (J.H.) ; W6r o-wfis, yer or yes (W.K.). Wm. I'se
coed Brigsteer Jonny, WHEELER Dial. (1821) 114 ; Ise reet fain et
see ya, BRIGGS Remains (1825) 181 ; Wm.1 Aa's. n.Yks. Ah'm
or be (R.H.H.) ; Ahz, az, ah iz ; dhooz ; eez, iz, ee iz ; t'ooziz iz
(I.W. ) ; John's hands is hard, TWEDDELL Clevel. 7?/iy»ws(i875) 17 ;
n.Yks.1 Ah, thou, we, they is ; n.Yks.3 Ise. ne.Yks. Ah's, thoo's,
t'hoosesis(M.C.F.M.). e.Yks. I,thoois,hooses is(R.S.) ; e.Yks.1
The word ' am ' is unknown in Holderness. ' Is ' used indis-
criminately for all three pers. sing. w.Yks. Ai, a, i am, aim, am,
or im ; Sa at, ta at, Sat, tat, or tat ; ! iz, 3 iz, tz, or az ; sflz or saz ;
wt, wa aa(r), wf(r), orwa(r) ; jf, jaaa(r), jt(r), orja(r) ; 8ea, Se, oa
aa(r), Sea(r), or tSa(r). The above forms of the present are mostly
used in combination with the pronouns, in other cases we gen.
use iz, az, z, s. Tkoilz iznt dun jat [the coals are not done yet].
Tladz az or a ban wi ja [the lads are going with you], WRIGHT
Gram. IVndhll. (1892) 160, 162 ; At Dent, ' ist ' occas. used for ' is,'
ELLIS, 598 ; At Keighley, ' I is' or ' am ' used indiscrim., ib. 385 ;
These is, LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) 261 ; At Sheffield, ' is'
not used in ist pers. sing, or in plur. (S.O.A.) Lan. IV lither, TIM
BOBBIN View Dial. (1746) 16, ed. 1806; I'se weary o' tramping,
GASKELL M. Barton (1849) ix ; Kollectin' sitch feaw hannimals
as they bin, IViddcr Bagshaw's Visit, 7. ne.Lan, I's, ELLIS,
553. s.Lan. The'rt (S.W.). Lan.* pi. Bin. s.Chs.1 Ahy aanr
or ahy bin; dhaay aaf or bis-t, <wyoa bin- ; ey, oo, itiz" wey
bin-, yai- bin-, dhai- bin-. ' Are' is used in the pi. when unem-
phatic ; ' am ' throughout the pi. is common in its contracted form
'm ; ' am ' only on the Shr. border. s.Stf. I bin, thee bist, they
bin, PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895) ; You'rn a fine figure, MURRAY
John Vale (1890) xvii ; We'm, ELLIS, 477. Stf.1 You're wrong,
though you bin such a wise man. Not2 Seldom I, thou, he be, &c.
n.Lin. Thoo is or thoo's, th' hooses is (M.P.) ; Thou't, thu't,
th'ouses is (J.T.F.) ; I is, are, be, not used, ELLIS, 312. m.Lin.
I be, ib. 307. e.Lin. Thou art (occas. used affectionately), they is
(G.G.W.). s.Lin. I are (rare and emphatic), ELLIS, 299. Rut. I
are, ib. 259 ; Rut.1 1 be. She bis fifteen year old. Nhp.1 1 be very
sadly. There it biz ; Nhp.2 Thee bist. War. Beest (J.R.W.).
n.War. ' Are ' or ' bin ' used in sing, and pi. Also ' am ' in pi.
(G.F.N.) War.2 Yo' am a poor soul; War.3 ' We'm ' and ' they'm '
are common. n.Wor. At Dudley, these bin, ELLIS, 465 ; they'm (?)
ib. 476. w.Wor.1 I be or bin, thee bist ; 'e or 'er be, or 'e's ;
us be or bin, you be, thaay be or bin. s.Wor. Be, sing, and pi.
(H.K.) se.Wor.1 I be, thee bist ; we, you, thaay be. Shr.1 I
are, be, or bin; thee beest, bist, bin, thees't, or yo' be; 'e be,
bin, or are; we bin, we'm. or we'n ; yo' be, bin, bun, yo'm,
or yo'n ; they be, bin, or they'n. The peens a'n loike to goo
through 'er. Hrf. I be, thee be or bes, 'a be, the house be ; we
be, we'm, or us be, you be or you'm, the housen be (R.M.E.).
e.Hrf. I are (rare), thee bist, he are ; ' he be ' never used, ELLIS, 73.
Pern. I are, he 'be (E.D.). s.Pem. The houses is (W.M.M.).
n.Glo. I be, thou beest; he, &c. be (H.S.H.) ; (S.S.B.) Glo.2 At
[art] ; Glo.1 Bist. Oxf.1 1 be, thee bist ; pi. be ; th'ouz'n be, MS.
add. e.Brks. I are, ELLIS, 129. w.Brks. I be, thee beest, he be,
a be, the house be ; we, &c. be (M.J.B.). Brks.1 I be, thee bist
or 'e be ; he, a, she, &c. be ; um is. That be the new man as
belongs to Velder Verm, 14. n.Bck. ' Be ' throughout (A.C.).
ni.Bck. I are or be, ELLIS, 191. Bdf. I are, he'm ; pi. am (occas.),
ib. 205. m.Bilf. I are (common) ; her are ; they be, ib. 206-7.
w.Bdf. I be, ye be, ib. 205. n.Hrt. I be, ib. 200. e.Hrt. I are, but ' I
am' when foil, by an adj. predic. ; he are, common in emphatic asser-
tion ; pi. am ; occas. they be, but in answer to a question, they're,
them's, are used, ib. 198. m.Hrt. I be obsol., ib. 202. s.Hi t. I be,
(occas.), I are (freq.), we am, (6.235. Mid. 'Be' notused; Iare,they
is, ib. n.Cmb. She beesorbe, ib. 252. se.Cmb. I be, she be, ib. 250.
Nrf. ' Be ' ... is used in all persons, principally in the phrases, Here
I be ! Here ye be ! Here t'be, &c., GILLETT Sng. Sol. (1860) 3.
s.Nrf. I are to go, ELLIS, 275. e.Suf. Be, sing. and//. Here be it
(F.H.). w.Suf. 'Be' throughout (C.G.B.). eJEss. ' I be ' and ' I are '
(occas.); never 'we is,' ELLIS, 224. e.Ken. Iare,weam(H.M.); lare
(usual), am (occas.), of be (rare), ELLIS, 142. sX.en.' Be,' sing, and
pi., more emphatic than ' are' (P.M.). Ken.1 They'm gone to bed ;
Ken.2 Them [they are] all well. m.Sur. I be, ELLIS, 130. Snr.1
To the question ' Where be you ?' the answer is invariably ' Here
I are.' We am, they am. Sus. I be for more fat pigs and less fat
parsons, EGERTON Flks. and Ways (1884) 3. e.Sus. I be, HOLLO-
WAY. Hmp. ' Be ' used for all persons, sing, and pi. Also we'm,
you'm (H.C.M.B.) ; Hmp.1 Beest. I.W. I be, we'm, ELLIS, 107;
I.W.1 Beest or bist. n.Wil. I be, thee bist; we, &c. be; thehousen's
(E.H.G.); My beloved uz mine, an' I be his'n, KITE Sng. Sol. (c.
1860) ii. 16. s.Wil. I be, thee bist; we, &c. be; t'housen be (C.V.G.).
Dor. I be, thou bist; we, &c. be, BARNES Gl. (1863). m.Dor. I be,
thabist, erbe ; weor us, &c. be (H.J.M.). w.Dor. Cham, ROBERTS
Hist. Lyme Reg. (1834). Som. Cham, GROSE (1790): Cham
a Zummerzetshire mun, HUGHES Scour. White Horse (1859) vi ;
BE
[198]
BE
Ch'am occurs chiefly in the neighbourhood of Merriott, W. & J.
Gl. (1873) ; Theow beast vair, BAYNES Sng. Sol. (1860) i. 15.
c.Soni. I be, thee at; we, &c. be (G.S.). w.Som. Aay bee, dhee
aa-rt or dhee-rt, ai'z of u ai'z, wee bee or wee-m, yiie bee oryiie-m,
dhai bee [of things], dhai-m [of persons], ELWORTHY Gram. (1877)
55. n.Dev. Cham glad you're come agen, Exm. Crtship. (1746)
1. 479. Dev. I be or I'm, thee'rt, 'e or 'er's, us be, yd be or yQ'm,
they be or they'm, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 3. nw.Dev. (R.P.C.)
e.Cor. 'I are' of 'is' never used, ELLIS, 168. m.Cor. ' I be' is used in
answering a question, ib. 170. w.Cor. I be, thou beest; he, &c.
be (M.A.C.). Cor.3 I be, is, or are; thee art, 'rt, or beest; he es
or are ; we es, am, or 'm ; you'm or you's, they'm ; the houses es.
[Formerly the disuse of ' I be ' was one of the marks by which w. was
disting. fr. e. Cor., ELLIS, 173.]
2. Simple Negative.
Sh.I. Am no or I'm no, du is no, we're no, &c. (K.I.) s.Sc.Aa'm
no, hey's no, &c., MURRAY Dial. (1873) 219. Gall. I'm nae, &c.
(A.W.) Ant. I'm nut, yer nut, the houses arn't (S.A.B.); A imin't,
am no or imnae ; we're no or vie irnae, &c. (W.J.K.) Nhb. Aa's
not or aa iznt, &c. ; wor not orwiarn't, &c. (R.O.H.) m.Cum. Ah,
thoo, he izzent; we urrent or errant, you errant, &c. (J.A.) s.Cum.
Ah's nut or ah isn't, thoo's nut or thoo isn't, &c. ; we arn't or we're
nut, &c. ; t'houses is nut or isn't (J.H.); W6r nut or erent,
&c. (W.K.) n.Yks. Ah'm or ah'se nut, thu'rt nut, it's nut
or it aint, t'hiise isn't oraint, wfir nut,&c., t'huses eint (R.H.H.) ;
Dhooz nut or dhoo izn't, wir nut or we ahnt, t'ooziz iz nut or
izn't ; they annut as good as they war (I. W.); n.Yks.1 Him an' me
beeant no ways kin; n.Yks.2 It beeant seea. ne.Yks. Ah, thoo
isn't, t'hooses isn't (M.C.F.M.). e.Yks. I, thoo is not, &c. ; we're
not, &c. ; hooses isn't (R.S.). w.Yks. Ai, a, i amat or aim, am, im
nat ; $9, tS, ta atnt or $St, tSt, tat nat ; I, a iznt or Jz, az nat ; sfl,
sa iznt or sflz, saz nat ; wf , wa ant or wt, wa nat ; jl, ja ant or jf,
ja nat ; Sea, Se, Sa ant or Sea, Se, Sa nat, WRIGHT Gram. Wndhll.
(1892) 161 ; Ammot, BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865). Lan. There isno'
one, BRIERLEY Layrock (1864) "'• s.Lan. Theaw'rt not or theaw
art no', &c. (S.W.) Chs.1 Isna, isner. There binna his marrow
[equal] ; Chs.3 I, it baint. s.Chs.1 Ahy bin)u ; iz')nu or i)nu are
equally common. Aa)n-u is common in pi. n.Stf. It inna, ELLIS,
414. s.Stf. I ant, baint, ib. 461. Also the peculiar Blk. Cy. neg.
I bit, it it, ib. 475, 477. Stf.1 Is na ; Stf.2 Beint, sing, and pi. Also,
I bei'. s.Der. It inna, ELLIS, 477. s.Not. Ain't is neg. in sing, and
pi., though ' een't ' is more common in 3rd sing. There een't no
sense in it (J.P.K.). Not.2 I, thou arn't orein't, it ein't, we arn't
or ein't, &c. Lin. I beant a fool, TENNYSON N. Farmer, Old Style
(1864) st. i ; Lin.1 They a'dent. n.Lin. I aren't; thoo, he isn't,
&c. ; they aren't or isn't, th'hooses isn't or aren't (M.P.) ; Occas.
I biant, ELLIS, 312. n.Lin.1 It beant his an' niver was. He beant
a gentleman. e.Lin. I, he, it aint (G.G.W.). Lei. Oi'm not, ee |
aint, weer not, dhai aint (C.E.). Nhp.1-! beant or baan't, they
beant or baan't ; I, you arn't. n. War. Ain't, arn't, bain't, or rarely
bisn't, sing, and pi. (G.F.N.) War.2 I baant, bis'n't, baint, beant,
ain't, or arn't ; yo* bis'n't or baant ; you arn't, he ain't, &c. ; War.3
I aint. We aint a coming. There aint many on 'em left. s.War.1
It yent. w.Wor.1 I binna, thee bistna ; 'e, &c. binna. s.Wor.
Bean't, ben't, or yeunt, sing, and pi. (U.K.) se.Wor.1 I byunt,
thee bissent, 'eyunt ; we, you, thaay byunt. Shr.1 1 amma, amna,
ar'na, binna, or bunna ; thee artna, beestna, binna, bis'na, or
bistna ; 'e inna or baint ; we, yo' arnna, binna, or bunna ; they
arnna, baint, binna, bunna, or inna. Hrf. I ben't, thee bean't, he
thouart'na; we,yoube'na; they be'nt (W.M.M.). n.Glo. I be'ant,
&c. (H.S.H.) ; I beant, thee bisnt, ee, er yeant, it beant or teant;
pi. beant (S.S.B.). Glo.1 I be'ant, thee beesn't or bisn't, it yent
or yunt Oxf.1 I byent, thee bisn't, 'e yent ; chent, tyent, orient;
th'ouse yent ; pi. byent, MS. add. w.Brks. I baint, thee bistn't ;
he, a baint ; we, Sec. beant (M.J.B.). Brks.1 I bent, be-ant, ent,
or yent ; thee or 'e bent, be-ant, or bisn't ; he bent, be-ant, ent, or
yent ; we or us, thee or e bent, be-ant, or bisn't, &c. n.Bck. I,
&c. be not, or baint ; the house baint (A.C.). m.Bdf. I baint or
aint, ELLIS, 208. m.Hrt. ' Baint ' used by old people ; ' aint ' more
modern, ib. 202. s.Nrf. 'Taint, ib. 273 ; I baint, ib. 285. e.Suf. I
ben't, een't, oran't; he een't ; 'teen't ; we, &c. an't (F.H.). w.Suf.
Beant, aint, or aren't, sing, and pi. (C.G.B.). Ess. Aint, Gl. (1851).
e.Ken. Aint, sing, and pi. (D.W.L.) s.Ken. I beant ; he, it idn' or
beant; we, &c. beant (P.M.). Ken.1 You baint. Snr.1 It ain't often
beant, thee bistnt, a yunt, teant, the house yunt; we, &c. beant
(E.H.G.). s.Wil. I baint, thee bisn't, he yent, 'tyent; we, &c.
baint (C.V.G.). Dor. Bissen.andsiWg-., BARNES Gl. ( 1863). m.Dor.
Ibaynt, tha bisn't, he baynt; we,&c. baynt(H.J.M.). Dor.1 1 bent
a-fear'd o' noo man's fiace, 246. Som. The moaney mun yunt
to be sneezed at, 'AGRIKLER' Rhymes (1872) 3. e.Som. I baint,
thee atten, he idden, it isn ; we, &c. baint (G.S.). w.Som. Aay
bae'un, dhee aa'rt-n, ai or uur id-n or aed-n ; wee bae-un, yiie
bae'un or bae'unt, dhai bae'un, ELWORTHY Gram. (1877) 55. Dev.
I bant; us, yu, they bant, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 5. nw.Dev.
I baint, thee at'n, he id'n or is'n ; us, &c. baint (R.P.C.) ; nw.Dev.1
Bant. w.Cor. I arent, aint, orbafnt, thou baint ; he, &c. baint (M.A.C. ).
Cor.1 Like Jan Trezise's geese, never happy unless they be where
they baint ; Cor.3 I beint, eint, or aren't ; thee beint, eint, orartent ;
he beint, eint, or aren't, &c.
3. Interrogative Affirmative.
Sh.I. Is du ? er we ? &c. ; er de hooses ? (K.I.) Ant. Is they ?
(S.A.B.) Nhb. Is aa? is thoo orista? is 'ee ? ist? is the hoozes!
(R.O.H.) ; Nhb.1 Is ta ? used only in addressing a person younger
than the speaker or one most intimate. ' What bees thoo deein?' is
sometimes heard. Also ' Hoo bin ye the day ? ' m.Cum. Iz ah, ta ?
(J.A.) s.Cnm. Is ah, ta? is't hooses? (J.H.); Is a? is ta
or be y6 ? er wa or is us ? er y£, is ye, or be ye ? (W.K.) Wm.
Hoo ista, I sed, BLEZARD Sngs. (1848) 33 ; Wm.1 Arta ? n.Yks.
Is ah, ta? (R.H.H.) ; Blaz it? ELLIS, 503; Iss t'ooziz? (I.W.)
e.Yks. Is ah, thoo? is hooses? (R.S.) ; e.Yks.1 Is-ta or is-tha ?
w.Yks. Am ai, a, i? Sfia, 4tS, ata ? izt, iza? iz sfl, sa? or isfl,
isa ? Swf, 3wa ? Sjf, Sja ? aSea, aSe, JSa ? WRIGHT Gram. Wndhll.
(1892) 161 ; w.Yks.1 Arto? Good mornin to the, Bridget, how
isto ? ii. 285. Lan. Heaw bin yoa ? STATON Loominary (c. 1861)
28; Whatever arto talkin' about? WAUGH Cronies (1875) 213;
Lan.1, e.Lan.1 Arto? s.Lan. Art to or art? (S.W.) Chs.1
Wheer bista bahnd? [going]. How bin you? Chs.3 Arto theer?
How bin thee ? Fit. How ben you ? ELLIS, 456. Stf.1 Bin yer or
bist ? Stf.2 Au bist ? Lin. What atta stannin' theer fur? TENNYSON
A'. Farmer, Old Style (1864) st 17. n.Lin. Arta or ista? are they or
is they? is th' hooses? (M.P.) Nhp.1 How bist thee? Be you?
Bin you a gooing wi' uz ? n.War. Are or bin I ? am or bin yer ?
bin 'e ? am or bin it? bin us or we? am or bin yer? bin'm, am
they! am the houses? (G.F.N.) War.2 ' How bist thee ?' is not
so common as 'How bin yer?' Bin you agooin'? War.3 ' Ow
bist?' was a familiar salutation forty years ago. s.Wor. Bist?
PORSON Quaint Wds. (1875) ; Be, sing. and//. (H.K.) se.Wor.1
Be I or e ? bist thee ? is 'e or fl ? be we or us ? &c. Shr.1
Be or bin I ? bist 'ee or bist ? be or bin 'e ? be it ? bin we ! &c.
Hrf. Be, sing, and pi. (R.M.E.) s.Pem. Be,//. (W.M.M.) n.Glo.
Be I? beest thou? be he, it? &c. (H.S.H.) ; (S.S.B.) Oxf.1 The
use of the pi. 'be ' is more refined than the use of the sing. ' bist,'
in the 2nd pers. The pronoun is then often omitted, as ' How be ? '
' Who be ? ' Oxf.1 Be I ? bist ? bist thee ? be us or we ? &c., MS.
add. w.Brks. Be I ? beest th' ? be a ? &c. (M.J.B.) Brks.1 Bist ?
n.Bck. Be, sing, and pi. (A.C.) s.Hrt. Am you? ELLIS, 235.
n.Suf. Ain't it ? ib. 278. e.Snf. ' Be' rarely used for ist and 3rd
pers.; 'be you?' is common (F.H.). w.Snf. 'Be' is used about
equally with ' are ' (C.G.B.). s.Ken. Are or be I ? ' Be ' used for
sing, and pi. (P.M.) Ken.1 2 Where be you ? Sur^Beyou? Sns.
' How byst ? ' is always used in a jocular manner, and will soon
entirely disappear, LOWER S«^-. Sol. (1860) Notes, iii. e.Sus.
Biant, ELLIS, 133. Hmp. Be, sing, and pi. (H.C.M.B.); Hmp.1
Beest or bist? n.Wil. Bel? bist (thee)? be we? &c. (E.H.G.)
s.Wil. Be I? bist thee? be un, us? &c. (C.V.G.) m.Dor. Be I?
bist tha? be ee or un? &c. (H.J.M.) e.Som. Be I ? at thee?
be us? &c. (G.S.) w.Som. Bee aay? urt dhee? es ur or uur? es
ut ? bee wee, yiie, um ? ELWORTHY Gram. (1877) 55. Dev. Be I ?
art thee ? is 'er? be us? &c., HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 5. nw.Dev.
Be I ? art ? be us, ee, min, or um ? (R.P.C.) Dev.3 Be 'e ? w.Cor.
Are or be I ? beest-ee ? be it ? be we or us ? beest ee ? be they ?
(M.A.C.) Cor.3 Be I? beest a? art a? art tha? are he? are it?
are us ? is them ? is the houses ?
4. Interrogative Negative.
Sh.I. Is du no? (K.I.) Abd. Amnin aw? ALEXANDER Johnny
Gibb (1871) xviii. Abd., Per. Am na I ? is na he ? are na we ? &c.
(G.W.) s.Sc. Ym-n' aa ? ys-n'hey? MURRAY Dial. (1873) 219.
Gall. Am I nae or am na I ? &c. (A.W.) Ant. Im a no'? &c.
(W.J.K.) Nhb. Is aa not or iznt aa? is thoo not or iznt thoo?
&c. ; is the hoozes not or isn't the hoozes? (R.O.H.) m.Cum.
Izzant ah? &c. ; errant we? &c. (J.A.) s.Cum. Isa nut or isn't
a? ista nut or isn't ta ? er wanut? erentwa? er or is ye nut? erfint
ye or be-ent ye? (W.K.) ; Isn't houses or is't houses nut ? (J.H.)
Wm. Erent ye an' me far ower keen o" t'varra seeam job ? Spec.
(1880) pt. ii. 46. n.Yks. Aint ah or am ah nut? isn't ta or eint
ta? aint ye, they? (R.H.H.); Izn't ah, dhoo ? izn't t'ooziz ? (I.W.)
BE
BE
ne.Yks. Aren't I, ta? isn't t'hooses ? (M.C.F.M.) e.Yks. Isn't
ah? &e. ; isn't hooses? (R.S.); e.Yks.1 ' Baint ya cummin?' used
only interrog., is the only instance of the employment of ' be '
for 'are' in Holderness, and is confined to the ta. w.Yks. AmDt
ai, a, i? atiiCS, Stnt3, Stnta? iznt f, a? iznt sft, sa? ant wf, wa ?
ant jf, ja? ant flea, Se, Sa? WRIGHT Gram. Wndhll. (1892) 162.
ni.Lan. InDt-it ? ELLIS, 342. s.Lan. Am't aw ? are not theaw, art
no, orartn't? are no we or aren't we? &c. (S.W.) Not.2 Eint or
arnt I? eint thou? &c. n.Lin. Aren't I ? isn't thoo or ta ? isn't
they or th'? isn't th' hooses ? (M.P.) Rut. Ain't it? ELLIS, 255.
Lei. Aint, si'«£-. and pi. (C.E.) m.Nhp. Ain't it? ELLIS, 216. Nhp.1
Bes'n't thee angry ? Bistn't thee well to-day? n.War. Aint, baint,
or arnt I, y6 ? &c. Rarely bisn't yer ? (G.F.N.) s.War. Yent it ?
ELLIS, 114. w.Wor.1 Binna I? bistnathee? binna or baint 'e? binna
or baint us ? binna yii, thaay ? s.Wor. Ben't, beant, yeant I ? &c.
(H.K.i se.Wor.1 Byunt I? bissent thee? yunt 'e or u? byunt
us, you or yd, thaay or 'um ? Shr.1 Ammad or amnad I ? binna
yo', bistna or bis'na thee ? binna 'e, innad-a or 'e ? binna we, yo' ?
binna they or binnad-a ? Hrf. Ben't I ! ben't or yeunt 'a ? ben't us ?
&c. (R.M.E.) ; Hrf.2 Yent it ? s.Pem. Ben't I ? art'n tha ? is'n the
house not ? ben't we ? &c. (W.M.M.) n.Glo. Be'ant I, thee, it ? &c.
(H.S.H) ; Beant or yeant I? bisnt thee? beant or yeant er?
&c. (.S.S.B.) Oxf.1 Byent I ? bisn't or bisn't thee ? yent e or
a ? &c. ; pi. byent, MS. add. n.Brks. Yent it ? ELLIS, 94. w.Brks.
Baint I? bistn't th'? baint he? beant us? &c. (M.J.B.) n.Bck.
Baint, sing, and pi. (A.C.) ; Ain't, ELLIS, 195. e.Suf. An't I?
een'the? an'twe? &c. (F.H.) w.Suf. Aint I ? beant you ? (C.G.B.)
e.Ken. Aint? sing, and pi. (D.W.L.) s.Kun. Be'ant I ? idn' orbeant
he? &c.; beantwe? &c. (P.M.) Ken.1 Banna ye [?] going hopping
thisyear? Hmp. Baint? (H.C.M.B.) I.W.1 Beesn't ? n.Wil.Beant
I? bistnt thee? yunt he? &c. ; beant we? &c. (E.H.G.) s.Wil.
Baint I ? bisnt ? yentur? &c. ; baint us? &c. (C. V.G.I e.Dor. Idn'd
it? ELLIS, 76. m.Dor. Baynt ? sing, and pi. (H.J.M.) Dor.1 Why
bissen strong enough to car a flagon ? 128. e.Som. Baint I ?
beesnt ? idden the house? baint us? &c. (G.S.) w.Som. Bae'fm
aay or ees? aart-n dhee? aed-n ur ? bae-un uus, yiie, dhai', or
um? ELWORTHY Gram. (1877) 56. n.Dev. Ban't us thieves?
ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) 34. nw.Dev. Baint I ? art'n? id'naorer?
baint us ? &c. (R.P.C.) sw.Dev. Ain't it? ELLIS, 166. e.Cor. Idn't
it? id. 168. w.Cor. Arent I ? arnt I or baint I? bainst thou? &c.
(M.A.C.) Cor.3 Beint I ? &c.
5. Continuous.
Sh.I. Am or I'm gaein, &c. (K.I.) Gall. I'm gain' (A.W.). Ant
Am goin', the clocks is or irr goin' (W. J. K.). Nhb. Aa's gannin or
gan, the clocks is gannin. ' Gannin' is used before a vowel or at
the end of a sentence (R.O.H.). Dur.1 Aw's gannin ti wark.
m.Cum. Ah'z gaan (J.A.). s.Cum. Ah's gan', t'clocks is gan (J.H.).
Wm. Ise gangin, WHEELER Dial. (1790) 15 ; I's gaen at du it,
SEDGWICK Mem. Cowgill Chapel (1868) 93 ; Wm.1 Aa's gaan lull
Amelset. n.Yks. Ahm or ah'se geing, t'clokks is geing (R.H.H.) ;
Ahz gahin, t'tloks is gah-in (I.W.). ne.Yks. Ah's gannin, t'clocks
is gannin (M.C.F.M.). e.Yks. Ah's gannin', clocks is gannin' (R.S.).
w.Yks. Ah'm going, t'lock's ar' going (S.O.A.). s.Lan. Aw'm goin
(S.W.). Not.2, n.Lin. I'm gooin' (M.P.); nXin.1 A'm a gooin' to
Eputh o' Setterda'. e.Lln. We was going (G.G.W.). Lei. Ei'm
a-going (CE.). Nhp.1 I baan't a gooing, and they baan'ta gooing.
n.War. I are, I're, I'm, or I bin gooin' (G.F.N.). s.Wor. I be
a-gooing (H.K.). Shr.1 A-going. Hrf. I'm orbe a-goin' (R.M.E. ).
sJ>em. I be going (W.M.M.). n.Glo. I be going (H.S.H.) ; I be
agwine (S.S.B.). Oxf.1 I be agwain, MS. add. w.Brks. I be going
(M.J.B.). Brks.1 I be-ant a-gwaain to stan' 't. n.Bck. I be going
(A.C.). n.Cmb. A-going, used with ist pers. only, ELLIS, 252.
e.Suf. I be going (rare) (F.H.). w.Suf. I be a going (C.G.B. ).
s.Ken. I're goo-in' orl be a-goo-in' (more emphatic) (P.M.). e.Sus.
She be gooin or she's a-gooin, ELLIS, 134. Hmp.1 1 ben't a gwyne.
n.Wil. I be gwain, he's a gwain, 'tis agwain (E.H.G. ). s.Wil. I be
gwain, he'sa-gwain(C.V.G.). m.Dor. I be gwain (H.J.M.). e.Som.
1 be gwain(G.S.). w.Som. Thcpref. u- isgen. preserved, ELWORTHY
Gram. (1877) 53. nw.Dev. I be gwain (R.P.C.). w.Cor. I be or
am goin' (M.A.C.). Cor.8 I be or I's going or I'm a-going. [Also
formed with pref. a- in Rut. m.War. s.Pem. Bck. m.Bdf. Hrt. Hnt.
Cmb. Nrf. e.Suf. Ess. e.Sur. e. and s.Dor. e.Som. e.Cor., ELLIS.]
[In Sc. and all the n. dial, is, iz, as, az are used for all
pers. of the pi. when the verb is not immediately preceded
or followed by its proper pronoun.]
II. Indicative Mood, Past Tense.
1. Simple Affirmative.
Sh.I. I, du wiz (K.I.). Bnff.1 Wiz, sing, and pi. ; they war.
Abd. He war a wee thing better, ALEXANDER Johnny Giub
(1871) x. Abd., Per. You was (occas.) (G.W.). s.Sc. Aa was
or was, waz, wez ; hey was ; wey was, waar, or war, war, wer ;
yee was orwaar; thay waar, MURRAY Dial. (1873)219. Rxb. The
bairns waz laughin, ELLIS, 714. Ant. pi. BCs (S.A. B.). Wxf.1
'Chas. Nhb. Aa wiz or wez, thoo wiz or wez, &c. ; we wor or
war, the hoozes wiz (R.O.H. ). m.Cum. We, &c. war (J.A.). Wm.
Altert . . . fra what they warr, SOUTHEY Knitters e' Dent in Doctor
(1848) 561 ; She wor stoun frae th' dure, WHEELER Dial. (1790)
115, ed. 1821. n.Yks. I were, thii wart ; he, it were (R.H.H.) ;
T'ooziz wuz (I.W.) ; n.Yks.1 Ah, thou, he wur (emphatic 'war').
ne.Yks. Thoo was, we wer or was, t'hooses was (M.C.F.M.).
e.Yks. Thou, we, &c. was (R.S.) ; e.Yks.1 ' Wor ' is freq. used in
the sing. , ' Ah wor just aboot beginnin ' ; while ' was ' is gen. em-
ployed in the pi., ' We wasn't deein nowt.' w.Yks. Ai, a, i wo(r)
or wa(r), &c. ; wf, wa wo(r) or wa(r), &c., WRIGHT Gram.
Wndhll. (1892) 161 ; w.Yks.1 When yan wor seek, ii. 322. Lan.
I wur, TIM BOBBIN View Dial. (1740) 16 ; When t'Ratchda folk
were'n fur trying me wick or dead. Yo were'n o above booard,
parson, KAY-SHUTTLEWORTH Scarsdale (1860) III. 73, s.Lan.
Aw' re oraw' were, theaw were ; he, it were ; we'rn, yo'rn, they'rn ;
th'ouses were or we'rn (S.W.). Chs.1 pi. Wern; Chs.2 Wern,
abbreviation of weren, used only when the following word begins
with a vowel. s.Chs. It were, ELLIS, 415 ; s.Chs.1 Ahy woz ; dhaay
woz or wost, or yoa- won ; ey, 60, it woz ; wey, yai-, dhai- won.
Stf. We wun burried once for welly a hour, and then we wun
fetched out for jed, MURRAY Novelist's Note-Bk. (1887) 53. n.Der.
He were, ELLIS, 319. Der.2 Hay ! it wor grand, lads, that ale
wor. Not.1 I war ; Not.2 Wor, sing, and pi. Lin. An' i' the
woost o' toimes I wur niver agin the raate, TENNYSON N. Farmer,
Old Style (1864) st. 4. nXin. pi. Was (J.T.F.) ; (M.P.) ; n-Lin.1 1 war
agooin' to saay sum'ats. e.Lin. ' Was ' freq. used in pi. (G.G.W.)
sw.Lin.1 She were ill. Rut. I war, ELLIS, 259. Lei. Ei wur ; we,
&c. waz (C.E.). Nhp.1 I, he, we war, &c. War. 'Vfar,sing. and
pi. (J.R.W.) n.War. I were,yO' was ; he, it were ; we, &c. was
(G.F.N. ). w.Wor.1 I wuz or were, thee wust, 'e were, us wuz or
were ; you, thaay wuz. s.Wor. A wuz or wor, &c. ; we wuz, us
wuzorwor, &c. (H.K.) se.Wor.1 Wuz, sing. and//. Shr.Mwere,
theewereorwust,'ewere orwun, we wun orwuz, &c. Hrf. 'Were'
and ' was' often interchanged (R.M.E.). e.Hrf. Thee wust, ELLIS,
73. Pern. I were, he were (E.D.). s.Pem. pi. Was (W.M.M.).
n.Glo. I wur, he wur, &c. (H.S.H.) ; Thee wust, ee wur or wuz ;
we wur orwuz, &c. (S.S.B.) n.Oxf. sing. Wur, ELLIS, 117. Oxf.1
Us or we wuz, &c., MS. add. w.Brks. I were, he were, &c. (M.J.B.)
Brks.1 I was or wur ; thee or 'e was, wast, or wur ; he was or
wur; we or us was ; thee or 'e was, wast, or wur ; thaay, them,
or um was. n.Bck. I, he wore (A.C.). Bdf. sing. Wur, ELLIS, 207.
Mid. I, he were, we was, ib. 235. se.Cmb. I were, ib. 250. Nrf. pi.
Was, ib. 285. e.Suf. I war or wur ; the house war (rare) (F.H.).
w.Suf. He were, ELLIS, 288 ; sing. You were (C.G.B.). Ken. pi.
Was (P.M.) ; (D.W.L.) Sur.1 I were. Hmp. Was, sing, and pi.
(H.C.M.B.) ; Hmp.1 I war, &c. n.Wil. I wur, he wur, t'wur, we
was, &c. (E.H.G.) s.Wil. I wur, thee wurst, he wur (C.V.G.).
Dor. I wer, thou werst ; he, we, &c. wer, BARNES Gl. (1863).
m.Dor. I wur, tha wur (?) ; er, we, &c. wur (H.J.M.). e.Som.
I wur, thee wast, he wur ; we, &c. wur (G.S.). w.Som. Aay wuz,
dhee wust or wuuz ; ai or u wuz or uur wuz ; wee, yue, dhai wuz or
wau'z, ELWORTHY Gram. (1877) 56 ; At Wedmore, 'twur, ELLIS, 90.
Dev. I wuz, thee'st ; 'e or 'er wuz ; us, yu, they wuz, HEWETT Peas.
Sp. (1892) 3. n.Dev. Chur a lamps'd in wone o' ma yearms [I wer
lamed in one of my arms]. 06s. , Exm. Crtshp. (1746) 1. 555.
nw.Dev. Thee wast; us, &c. was (R.P.C. ). Cor.3 I wor, thee
wert ; we, &c. was.
2. Simple Negative.
Sh.I. I wiz no, &c. (K.I.) Abd. The caufies warna negleckit,
ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) i; We wusna jist seer, ib. vi.
s.Sc. Aa was-na, &c., MURRAY Dial. (1873) 219. Ant. A wussin't o>
wusnae, we wurrin't or wurnae, &c. (W.J.K.) Nhb. Aa wiz not,
was na, or wasn't, &c. ; we warnt or wor not ; the hoozes wiz not
or wasn't (R.O.H.). m.Cum. Wewarrent, &c. (J.A.) s.Cum. We
w&rnt, &c. (W.K.) Wm. Thae worrant kent rooads, Spec. (1883)
iii. 7. n.Yks. Ah w5r nut, thu warn't, he warn't, it were nut,
t'huse war not ; we, &c. warn't (R.H.H.) ; A wuznut or ah wazn't ;
we wer nut orwahnt; t'ooziz wuz nut or wazn't (I.W.). ne.Yks.
T'hooses wasn't (M.C.F.M.) ; ne.Yks.1 Ah warn't boun ti ax him
nowt. e.Yks. Warn't, sing, and pi. (R.S.) w.Yks. Ai, a, i wornt
or ai, a, i wa-nat, &c. ; wf, wa wornt or wf, wa-nat, &c., WRIGHT
Grant. Wndhll. (1892) 161 ; w.Yks.5 It worrant me, mother! — Noa,
it worrant thee. s.Lan. Aw wer no or aw're not ; we're not, we
wur no, or we wern't, &c. (S.W.) Not2 Worn't, sing, and pi.
n.Lin. Wasn't, sing, and pi. (J.T.F.) ; (M.P.) ; n-Lin.1 I warn't
agooin' to do as he said. sw.Lin.1 sing. Warn't. Lei. Oi wurn't,
wee wunt orwazn't, &c. (C.E.) n.War. Worn't, sing. and/>/.(G.F.N.)
BE
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w.Wor.1 I wasna, wuzna, or worn't ; thee wasna, &c. ; 'e wasna,
wuzna, or worna ; us wasna, wuzna, or worna ; you wasna, &c. ;
thaay wasna, wuzna, or worn't. s.Wor. Wuzn't or worn't, sing,
and pi. (H.K.) se.Wor.1 I wuzzent or wornt, thee wussent, 'e
wuzzent or wornt; we, you, thaay wuzzent or wornt. Shr.1 I
wer'na, wunna, or wuzna ; thou wer'na,wunna, wus'na,orwustna;
'e, we, &c. wer'na, wunna, or wuzna. Hrf. I wern't, a wuzn't ; we,
thahywuzn't(R.M.E.). s.Pem.pl. Wasn't (W.M.M.). n.Glo. He, it
wurn't (H.S.H. ); I wurnt, thee wusnt or wurnt, &c. (S.S.B.)
Oxf.1 Thee wuz'nst; us, we wuzn't, Sec., MS. add. w.Brks. I weren't,
thee wastn't; he, &c. weren't (M.J.B.). n.Bck. Warn't, sing, and
pi. (A.C.) s.Nrf. He warn't, ELLIS, 284. e.Suf. Waun't, sing, and
pi. (F.H.) w.Suf. You wasn't (C.G.B.). e.Ken. We, &c. was not
(D.W.L.). s.Ken. Wadn', sing, and pl.(PM.) n.Hmp. There want,
ELLIS, 101. n.Wil. I warn't or wurdent, thee wasn't, he wurdent,
the house wurden ; we wasn't or wurdent, the housen wurden
(E.H.G.). s.Wil. I wurden, thee wursn't, he wurden, we wurden
(C.V.G.). Dor.1 That werden any harm, 92 ; Pleates werden then
ov ethen ware, 161. m.Dor. Wurn't, sing, and pi. (H.J.M.)
e.Som. I wurden, thee wurstn't, he wurden; we, &c. wurden
(G.S.). w.Som. Aay waud-n, dhee wiis-n ; ee, ai, u, oruur waud-n;
wee, yiie or ee, dhai waud-n, ELWORTHY Gram. (1877) 56. nw.Dev.
I wad'n, thee wast'n, he wad'n or was'n, 'twad'n ; us, &c. wad'n
(R.P.C.). Cor.8 I warn't or woddent, &c.
3. Interrogative Affirmative.
Sh.I. Wiz du? (K.I.) Abd. Wus ye sleepin' terrible soun'?
ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) iii. Nhb. Was thoo orwasta?
war or wor we ? &c. ; was the hoozes ? (R.O.H.) m.Cum. Was
thoo? war we! &c. (J.A.) s.Cnm. Was ta! w6r wa? &c.
(W.K.); Wast'houses? (J.H.) n.Yks. Wass t'u ? wart'ooziz?
(I.W.); (R.H.H.) ne.Yks. Wast tha? wer or was wa? &c.
(M.C.F.M.) e.Yks. Was thoo? war we? &c. ; was hooses?
(R.S.) ; e.Yks.' Was, sing, and pi. w.Yks. Wor ai, a, i ? woSa,
wota, wota? wor f, a ? wosfi, wosa? wowf, wowa ? wojt woja ?
woftea, woSe, woSa ? WRIGHT Gram. Wndhll. (1893) 162 ; Wor,
sing, and //. (S.O.A.) Lan. What wurt doin' theere ? BRIERLEY
Layrock (1864) vi ; Wor you ever in a cotton factory afore ?
WESTALL Birch Dene (1889) I. 304. s.Lan. Wer aw? wert to?
wer he ? wer or wern we ? &c. (S.W.) Not.2 Wur, sing, and //.
Lin. Warn't I craazed fur the lasses mysdn when I wur a lad ?
TENNYSON N. Farmer, New Style (1870) st. 5. n.Lin. Was thoo or
wast a? was we? &c. (M.P.); (J.T.F.) Lei. Wur oi ? wur ee ?
waz wee ? &c. (C.E.) n.War. Wor I ? was yO' ? wor 'e ? was we
or us? &c. (G.F.N.) s.Wor. Wuz or wor, sing, and pi. (H.K.)
se.Wor.1 Wuz I ? wust thee ? wuz we or us ? &c. Shr.1 Wust
'ee ? wun 'e ? wun, wuz we ? &c. Hrf. Was we or us ? was 'em ?
(R.M.E.) s.Pem. Wast tha? pi. was? (W.M.M.) n.Glo. Wur
I? wust thee? wur th' house? wuz us? &c. (S.S.B.) Oxf.1 Wust
thee? wuz us? &c., MS. add. w.Brks. Were I? wast? was us?
(M.J.B.) n.Bck. Wore, sing, and pi. (A.C.) e.Suf. War it ? pi.
war ? (F.H.) s.Ken. pi. Was ? (P.M.) Hmp.pl. Was ? (H.C.M.B.)
n. Wil. Wur I? was thee? wur he ? was we, you? wur em? (E.H.G.)
s.Wil. Wur I? wurst? wur ur? wur us? &c. (C.V.G.) m.Dor.
Wur I ? wert tha? wur un? (H.J.M.) e.Som. Wur I ? wert thee ?
wur hur? wur the house? (G.S.) w.Som. Wuz aay ? wiiz or
wuurtdhee? wuz ee' oruur? orwauzur? wuz wee orwatiz'us !
wuz dhai ? ELWORTHY Gram. (1877) 56. nw.Dev. Wast ? was us ?
&c. (R.P.C.) Cor.3 Wor I ? wor it ? wor the house ? was us ? &c.
4. Interrogative Negative.
Sh.I. Wiz du no ? (K.I.) s.Sc. Was-n', war-n' ? MURRAY Dial.
(1873) 219. Gall. Freq. with double form, as : He wisna, wis
he? warna we? ye warna, was ye? (A.W.) Ant. Wus he no?
wurrint we or wur ano' ? &c. (W.J.K.) Nhb. Was thoo not or
wasn't thoo ? wast not or wasn't it ? war we not or warnt we ?
Sec. ; was the hoozes not or wasn't the hoozes? (R.O.H. 1 in. Cum.
Wazzent thoo! warrent we? &c. (J.A.) s.Cum. Was ta nut
or wasn't ta ? w6r wa nut ? w6rnt w6 ? (W.K.) ; Wasn't houses
or was t'houses nut ? (J.H.) n.Yks. Warnt ah? warnt ta? warnt
he? Sec. (R.H.H.) ; Wazn't t'ooziz ? (I.W.) ne.Yks. Wasn't
thoo? warn't it? wasn't wa? wasn't t'hooses? (M.C.F.M.) e.Yks.
Warnt ah? wasn't thoo ? warnt he ? &c. (R.S.) w.Yks. Wornt
ai, a, i? &c. ; wornt wf, wo? &c., WRIGHT Gram. Wndhll. (1892)
162; (S.O.A.) s.Lan. Wern't aw or wer not aw? wert no or
wern't to ? &c. (S.W. ) Not.2 Wornt I ? wornt thou ? wornt 'e ?
&c. n.Lin. Wasn't thoo or wasn't ta ? wasn't we. &c. (M.P.) ;
(J.T.F.) Lei. Wur-nt I? wurnt ee ? waz-nt we? &c. (C.E.)
n.War. Wornt I ? wornt or wasn't yO' ? wornt 'e ? wornt or
wasn'tus? &c.(G.F.N.) w.Wor.i Wasna I ? werenathee? wasna
or werena 'e ? wasna or werena us ? wasna yu, thaay ? s.Wor.
Wuzn't or worn't ? (H.K.) se.Wor.1 Wuzzent I ? wuzzent thee
or wussent ? wuzzent 'e or wussent u ? wuzzent we or us ? &c.
Shr.1 Wunnad-I? wus'na thee? wunnad-a? wunna we, yo'?
wunnad-a or wunna they ? Hrf. Wern't I ? wern't or wuzn't
a? wasn't us? &c. (R.M.E.) s.Pem. Wasn't tha? wasn't we?
&c. ; wasn't the houses not? (W.M.M. 1 n.Glo. Wuzzent or
wurnt, sing, and pi. (S.S.B.) Oxf.1 Wuz not thee ? wuzn't
us orwe? &c., MS. add. w.Brks. Want I, th', he, it? (M.J.B.)
n.Bck. Warnt? sing, and pi. (A.C.) e.Suf. Waun't? sing, and pi.
(F.H.) w.Suf. Wasn't we or us? (C.G.B.) s.Ken. Wadn' ? sing.
and pi. (P.M.) n.Wil. Wurdent I ? wurdent thee? wurdent a?
&c. (E.H.G.) s.Wil. Wurden I? wurden ee? &c. (C.V.G.)
m.Dor. Wurn't? sing, and pi. (H.J.M.) e.Som. Wurden? sing.
and pi. (G.S.) w.Som. Wau-d-n aay? waus-n dhee or wiis-n
dhee? waird-n ee or uur? &c., ELWORTHY Gram. (1877) 56.
nw.Dev. Wad'n I ? wast'n? wad'n a? &c. (R.P.C.) Cor.3 Wadd'n't
I ? warn't he ? wadd'n't it ? wadd'n't us, you ? wasn't them ?
III. Future Tense.
1. Simple Affirmative.
Sh.I. I'se be or I sail be, du'll be, &c. (K.I.) Abd., Per. I'se be
or I'll be, thou'lt be, he'll be, &c. (G.W.) Slk. ' Shall ' is not in
use, exc. to denote compulsion (C.G.). Gall. I sail be or I'se
be, &c. (A.W.) Ant. 'Shall' never used (S.A.B.) ; (W.J.K.)
Nhb. Aa's be or aa'll be, thoo's be or thoo'll be, &c. (R.O.H.) ;
Nhb.1 Aa'll beo there the morn. m.Cum. (J.A.), s.Cum. ' Ull' or
''IP used throughout for 'shall' and 'will' (W.K.); (J.H.)
n.Yks. Assl be or ah sal be, dhoo'l be, &c. (I.W.) ; (R.H.H.)
ne.Yks. Ah sail be or ah's be, wa sail be or we's be (M.C.F.M.).
e.Yks. Ah sail be, thoo will be or thoo'l be, he will be or he'll be,
&c. (R.S.) w.Yks. Sal and wil are used indiscriminately. Ai,
a sal, aisl, asl, ais, as ; ai, a wil, ail or al ; SS sal, S9sl, Sis ;
$8, ta, ta wil, S31, tai or tal ; f sal, Jsl, Js ; !, a wil, fl or al ; sfl,
sa sal, Sfisl, Sasl, sfis, sas ; sfl, Sa wil, sfll or sal ; wf sal, wlsl, wasl,
wts, was ; wf , wa wil, wfl or wal ; jf, ja sal, jfsl, jasl, jfs, jas ; jf,
ja wil, jtl or jal ; Sea, Se, Sa sal, Seasl, Sesl, Sasl, Seas, Ses, Sas;
Sea, Se, Sa wil. Seal, Sel or Sal bf, WRIGHT Gram. Wndhll. (1892)
149, 163 ; Ahs'l be, tha'lt be, &c. (S.O.A) ; Tell me thoo'll bea
coming bye and bye, LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) 234.
s.Lan. Aws't be, theaw'l be, wes't be (S.W.). Not.2 I'll be, thou'lt
be, 'e'll be, &c. n.Lin. As'l be, thoo'll be, &c. (J.T.F.); (M.P.)
Lei. Ei or u sail bee, &c. (C.E.) s.Wor. Thee oolt be, 'e ool
be, &c. (H.K.) Shr.1 I 661 or wull ; thee 66t, shan, sha't, sha'st
or wull ; 'e 661, sha' or wull be ; we, yo', they sha'n, 661 or 66n,
yo'n, they'n be. s.Pem. I'll be, thou'lt be, we'll be, &c. (W.M.M.)
n.Glo. I ool be, th'oot be, er ool be, &c. (S.S.B.) s.Wil. Thee 'it
be (C.V.G.). nw.Dev. Thee wut be or thee't be (R.P.C.). Cor.3
I will be, we will be.
2. Simple Negative.
Sh.1. I sa'na be, du'll no be, we sa'na be (K.I.). Abd., Per. I will
not be, &c. (G.W.) Gall. I sanna be or Is'e nae be, thou winna
or wull na be (A.W.). Ant. He'll no be, &c. (W.J.K.) Nhb. Aa
shanna be or aa'll not be, thoo winna be or thoo'll not be. &c.
(R.O.H.) m.Cum. Willent, sing, and pi. (J.A.) s.Cum. Want or
'11 nut, sing. and//. (W.K.) ; (J.H.) n.Yks. A sahnt be ; dhoo, ee,
it weeant be ; we sahnt be ; yoo, dhay weeant be (I.W.) ; Ah sart
be ; thou, he wernt ba ; T'wont ba ; we sarntba ; ye, they weant
ba (R.H.H.). e.Yks. Ah sarnt, thoo, we weeant be ; we sarnt,
you, they weeant be (R.S.). w.Yks. 'Saint' and 'wilnt' used
indiscriminately. Ai, a saint, ai, a sant, aisl, asl nat, ais, as nat ;
ai, a wilnt orwiant ; S3 saint, sant, Sasl, S8s nat, &c. ; f saint, sant,
fsl, fs nat, &c. ; sfl, sa saint, sant, Sfisl, sasl nat, sfis, sas nat, &c. ;
wf, wa saint, wf, wa sant, wfsl, wasl nat, wfs, was nat ; wf, wa
wilnt or wiant ; jf, ja saint, sant, slnat. Seas, 5es, Sas nat bf,
WRIGHT Gram. Wndhll. (1892) 150, 164. s.Lan. Aws't not or
aw shanno be, theaw'l not or theaw winno be, &c. (S.W.)
Not.2 I shant, thou weint be, &c. n.Lin. I shan't, thoo weSn't
be, &c. (M.P.) s.Wor. Wun't or 'on't in and and 3rd pers. (H.K.)
Shr.1 I shanna, 66nna, or wunna ; thee sha'tna, 66tna, or wustna ;
'e, we, &c. shanna. 06nna. or wunna be. s.Pem. I'll not, thou'lt
na, a wonna be, &c. (W.M.M.) n.Glo. Thee ootnt be, er oont
or wunt be (S.S.B.). Oxf.1 Thee ootn't be, MS. add. e.Suf. I
shaun't, in rare use (F.H.). s.Ken. I sheJn' be, he w6an' be,
&c. (P.M.) s.Wil. Thee ooten be, he wunt be, &c. (C.V.G.)
nw.Dev. Thee wut'n be, he wan't be, &c. (R.P.C.) Cor.3 I weint,
thee wussent be.
3. Interrogative Affirmative.
Abd., Per. Will I be ? &c. (G.W.) Nhb. ' Will ' used throughout
(R.O.H.), m.Cum. (J.A.), s.Cum. (W.K.); (J.H.) n.Yks. Sail,
ist pers. sing, and pi. (R.H.H.), ne.Yks. (M.C.F.M.), e.Yks.
(R.S.) w.Yks. Sal or wil bl ? WRIGHT Gram. Wndhll. (1892) 150,
164. n.Lin. Shalta or wilta be? (M.P.) s.Wor. Oot thee be ? ool
'e be ? (H.K.) Shr.1 Ool or shan I ? 661, 66st, or shat 'ee? 661 or
BE
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BE
66n 'e be ? 661, o6n, or sha'n we, &c. be ? s.Pein. Will I be ?
(W.M.M.) n.Glo. Oot or oot th' be? oollum be? (S.S.B.) Oxf.1
Oot thee be ? oot be or oots't be ? ull 'e be ? &c., MS. add. m.Dor.
Wull'eorwultthabe? (H.J.M.) s.Wil. Ull I, ut thee bee? ull we
orshall us be ? (C.V.G.) nw.Dev. Wut be ? shall'ee be? (R.P.C.)
4. Interrogative Negative.
Abd.,Per. Willnal, webe? &c. (G.W.) Gall. Sail I notorsanna
I be ? he'll be, winna he ? (A.W.) Ant. Wull it no be ? (W.J.K.)
Nhb. Will aa not be ? winnet or shannit aa be ? will thoo not be
or winna thoo be? &c. (R.O.H.) m.Cuin. Munnet ah be? (J.A.)
s.Cum. Want a, wilta nut be or want ta be? (W.K.) ; (J.H.)
n.Yks.Weeantdhoobe? &c.(I.W.); (R.H.H.),ne.Yks.(M.C.F.M.),
e.Yks. (R.S.) w.Yks. Saint, sant, or wilnt, wiant ai, a, i bl? &c.
WRIGHT Gram. Wndhll. (1892) 151, 164 ; Wan't, and and 3rd
pers. (S. O.A.1 s.Lan. Winnot he be? shanno we, winno yo be?
(S.W.) Not.2 Weint, 2nd and 3rd pers. n.Lin. Weant or shan't
thoo be? weant he be? &c. (M.P.) nw.Lin._Weantta? (J.T.F.)
s.Wor. On't thee be? &c. (H.K.) Shr.1 Oonna, 66nnad, or
shannad I? 66stna, OOtna, sha'tna thee or 66st'n 'ee? 66nna,
66nnad, orshanna'e ? 66nna orshannawe be ? &c. s.Pem. Won't,
sing, and pi. (W.M.M.) n.Glo. Oot'nt be ? oonterbe? &c. (S.S.B.)
Oxf.1 Oot'nt thee oroot'nt be ? wunt 'e be ? &c., MS. add. s.Ken.
Shean' I, woan' he be? &c. (P.M.) s.Wil. Ooten thee be? wunt
urbe? &c. (C.V.G.) nw.Dev. Wut'n be? wan'tabe? shan't us,
'ee be? (R.P.C.) Cor.3 Shusn't, ist pers. ; wein't, 2nd and 3rd.
IV. Subjunctive Mood. [In E. dial., forms which are
used for the Indie, may also be used for the Subj., or be is
used for all pers.]
1. Present Affirmative.
Bnff. Ifaa bees, ELLIS, 778. Gall. If thoubeest (rare); if he, it
bees (A.W.). Ant. If I, you, the house bes ; //. bes (S.A.B.) ; If
he bes comin" let him come at yinst, Ballymena Obs. (1892). N.I.1
If you biz goin" I'll go too. When that work bees finished ye may
go. Nhb. sing. Beez or biz, obsol. If the hoozes beez (R.O.H.).
s.Cum. sing. Is (J.H. ). e.Yks. sing. Is ; ifhoosesis(R.S.). m.Lan.
If they be, ELLIS, 358. Lan.1 "Tis all one to me, bin they easy
or hard, BYROM Poems (1804) I. 22. n.Lin. If thoo's, if they
is (rare) (M.P.). n.War. If I, 'e are, if it am ; if we, &c. am
(G.F.N.) Oxf.1 If thee bist, MS. add. w.Brks. Nif thee beest
(M.J.B.). s.Ken. If I're (P.M.). s.Wil. If thee bist (C.V.G.).
m.Dor. If tha bist (H.J.M.). nw.Dev. If thee'rt orthee't; if you,
they'm (R.P.C.). Cor.3 If so be thee'rt or if thee beest.
2. Present Negative.
Sh.I. If du is or bees no (K.I.I. Abd. Gin there binna herrin"
get a skate, ALEXANDER Johnny CM (1871) vi. s.Sc. Yf aa bynna,
or bens, MURRAY Dial. (1873) 219. Lnk. You're the only vesitor
I've had the day, if it binna an impident vagabond o' a beggar,
FRASER Whaups (1895) xiii. N.I.1 I can carry it, if it bissent too
weighty. If it bisna the right thing, we canny work wi' it, Nhb.
Ifaa is not, thoo beez not, izn't, or binna ; if he beez not, if the hoozes
binna orizn't(R.O.H.). Cum. My sangs sail be true, if they urrent
sae fine, GILPIN Ballads (1874) 158. s.Cum. sing. Isn't (J.H.).
Wm.1 I wish thoo baint wrang. n.Yks. If ah, thu eint ; if we, &c.
eint (R.H.H.). e.Yks. If I isn't, if hooses isn't (R.S.). w.Yks.1 I
wish ye binnot bown to cheeat me. n.Lan. If they errant freetent
o' thersells, MORRIS Lebby Beck Dobby (1867) 5. s.Lan. Same as
Indie. (S.W.) Not.2 Arn't or ein't. n.Lin. If I aren't, if thoo isn't,
if th' hooses isn't (M.P.) ; (J.T.F.) n.War. Aint, arnt, or baint,
sing.andpl.; also 'm, pi. (G.F.N.) s.Wor. Ben't, bean't oryean't,
sing, and pi. (H.K.) Oxf.1 If thee bisn't, 'e yent, chent, MS. add.
w.Brks. If thee bistnt (M.J.B.). m.Hrt. If it aint or baint, ELLIS,
202. n.Wil. If thee bisn't (E.H.G.1. s.Wil. If thee bisn't, if 't'yent
(C.V.G.). m.Dor. Baynt, sing. and//. (H.J.M.) nw.Dev. If thee
at'n, a id'n (R.P.C.). w.Cor. If I aren't, thou bainst (M.A.C.).
Cor.3 If thou beesn't,
3. Past Affirmative.
Sh.I. sing. Wiz (K.I. ). Abd. As thoo it wez, ELLIS, 772. s.Sc.
Yf aa waar or was, MURRAY Dial. (1873) 219. Nhb. sing. War,
wor, or wiz; if the hoozes wiz (R.O.H.). Cuin. sing. Was
(J.A.) ; (J.H.I ne.Yks. If we was, t'hooses was (M.C.F.M.).
e.Yks. Was, sing, and pi. (R.S.) s.Lan. If we'rn, yo'rn, they'm
(S.W.). n.Lin. Was, sing, and pi. (M.P.), Lei. (C.E.), n.War.
(G.F.N.), s.Wor. (H.K.) Hrf. If s'be I was (R.M.E.). m.Oxf.
If I blsnt, ELLIS, 126. Oxf.1 If I wuz, thee wust ; 'e, &c. wuz,
MS. add. Ken. Was, sing, and pi. (D.W.L.); (P.M.) n.Hmp.
If thee wast, ELLIS, 104. n.Wil. If we, they was (E.H.G.). nw.Dev.
If thee wast ; us, &c. was (R.P.C.). Cor.3 If I was, thou wast or
thee wert; he, &c. was.
4. Past Negative.
Sh.I. If I, du, he wiz na (K.I.). s.Sc. Yf aa waarna or wasna,
VOL. I.
MURRAY Dial. (1873) 219. Nhb. War not, warn't, or wornt; if
the hoozes wasn't (R.O.H. ). in. Cum. sing. Wazzent (J.A.). s.Cum.
Wasn't, exc. 2nd and 3rd pi. (J.H.) ne.Yks. Wasn't, sing, and
pi. (M.C.F.M.) e.Yks. Warn't, sing, and pi. (R.S.), w.Yks.
(S.O.A.), Not.2 n.Lin. Wasn't, sing, and pi. (J.T.F.) ; (M.P.).
Lei. (C.E.) n.War. Wasn't or worn't (G.F.N.), s.Wor. (H.K.)
Oxf.1 If I wuzn't, thee wuzns't ; 'e, &c. wuzn't, MS. add. w.Suf.
Wasn't, sing, and pi. (C.G.B.) s.Ken. Wadn', sing, and pi. (P.M.)
s.Wil. If I wurden, thee.wursn't, he wurden ; pi. wurden (C.V.G.).
e.Som. If thee wasn't (G.S.). nw.Dev. If I wad'n, thee wast'n ;
a, &c. wad'n (R.P.C.).
V. Imperative Mood, Affirmative and Negative.
s.Sc. Bynna, dynna bey, MURRAY Dial. (1873) 219. Ayr. Binna
in owre great a haste, SILLAR Poems (1789) 33. N.Cy.1 Shem bin
ye [shame be on you]. Nhb. Dinna be (R.O.H.). s.Cum.
Dunnot be (J. H.). n.Yks. In strong anger ' See thu ba nut' is
commonly used (R.H.H.). Oxf.1 Bist, bisn't, MS. add. ni.Dor.
Do 'e be (H.J.M.). Cor.3 Don't ee be, beintee, or bissent.
VI. Infinitive Mood.
m.Dor. To have a-bin (H.J.M.). w.Som. Tu bee or vur tu bee,
ELWORTHY Gram. (1877) 57. Dev. Vur to be, to 'ave abin, til be
agwaine vur til be, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 5. nw.Dev. Vor be,
vor to be ; vor have been, vor to have been (R.P.C.).
VII. Participles.
1. prp., usually bein', except in the following cases.
s.Sc. Beyand, beyan, MURRAY Dial. (1873) 219. s.Cum. Be'an
(J.H.).
2. pp. Written been or bin in all cases except the
following.
Wxf.1 Ba. n.Yks. Haaving bian (R.H.H.). Lin. Wheer 'asta
bean saw long and mea liggin' ere aloan ? TENNYSON N. Farmer,
Old Style (1864) st. i. I.W. Ben up hoam, Dacter ? GRAY Annesley
(1889) I. xxix ; I.W.1 Ben. m.Dor. Having a-bin (H.J.M.). Som.
What have 'ee a-bin up to ? RAYMOND Love and Quiet Life (1894)
98. w.Som.1 ' Be' is very common in the Hill district. Uuraath-n
u-bee tu chuurch ziinz Kuursmus [she has not been to church
since Christmas]. Dev. I've a be up to Vicarage, GROSE (1790) MS.
add. (C.); NurseMargery'sbeedoutlookin'vor tha',MADOx-BROWN
Dwale Bluth (1876) bk. n. iii. n.Dev. I've beed a quarter be tha
watch, HOCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 29. Cor. Ef I'd ben killed,
FORFAR Pentowan (1859) '•
VIII. Idiomatic uses of ' to be.'
1. To pay, contribute, be at the cost of.
Ayr. Now, mind, ye' re to pay for't a" : I'll no be a single bawbee,
GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822) xii. Suf. He insists on being his share
(F.H.).
2. To stay, remain, ' bide,' q.v.
Der. O'll beigh [as I am] (S.O.A.).
3. Was used for went.
Rut.1 I never was from Thorpe to Stahmford afoor. Lei.1
4. Is used for have.
Rut.1 In freq. use. I am been wonderful bad. m.Nhp. I am
read (usual), ELLIS, 218. m.Bdf. You'll be to get, ib. 209. e.Hrt.
I are done (common), ib. 198. m.Hnt. I am bought it, ib. 212.
s.Nrf. I are done, ib. 280.
5. Continuous or Frequent, uses ; Frequent, used for
Simple Pres.
High. Sc. It iss nothin' the whitin's iss liking [likes] so well as
a bit of himself, STEEL Rowans (1895) 152. Irel. I do be wonder-
ing, I am often wondering; I did be asking them, I repeatedly
asked (J.B.). s.Wxf. Consuetudinal present, I bees. Well, sez
she, what bees ailin' you now? Shamrock (Feb. 3, 1894) 297.
n.Dev. We've been killing a lot of fish in that water avore now,
Reports Provinc. (1881) 9.
6. Phr. (i) Be (it) as it will, in any case, however; (2)
be na, if it be not, except ; (3) to have been to a meal, to
have had a meal ; (4) to leave or let be, to let alone, to leave
undisturbed ; in gen. use ; (5) as should be, correctly, as it
ought to be ; (6) to-morrow, Sr°c. is a week, a week to-
morrow.
(i) S. & Ork.1 Brks.1 Be't as t'ooll I be a-gwaayn to zell them
ship to-daay. Sus.1 s.v. Letbehow'twill. Hmp.1 Dor. Be't how
'twull, Martha, her be a good-natured zoul, HARE Vill. Street (1895)
244. Dev. Her'th a-married til last then, be-ats-'twill, HEWETT
Peas. Sp. (1892) ; I don't know when he went there, but bee-at-s-
will, he's there, Reports Provinc. (1886) 91. (2) Lnk. The folk are
a' cum, binnae twa-three (JAM.). Hdg. Binna when I tint my Nell,
I've little pree'd o' care, LUMSDEN Sheep Head, 187. Gall. I had
spoken to nobody bena the servant lass frae Aberdeen. CROCKETT
D d
BE
[202]
BEACH
Stickit Miit, (1893) 62 ; A Gall, man never says 'except.' The
bairns are a' weel, be na Tarn that has the branks (S.R.C.). (3)
w.Sora.1 In speaking of meals, the usual mode of inquiry, if the
repast has been taken, is : V-eebiin tu dun'ur? [have you had your
dinner ?] ' I've been to breakfast,' simply means I have eaten it, and
implies no movement whatever, from or to any place in the
process. So ' We went to supper avore we started,' merely means
that we had supper. Dev. Have you been to breakfast? Reports
Provinc. (1883) 81. (4) Sc. He let be the rope, STEVENSON Catriona
(1892) xv. Per. They winna let me be, NICOLL Poems (1837) 144,
ed. 1843. n.Yks. Ah sud a letten him be, MUNBY Verses (1865) 56.
w.Yks. Let that barn be (JE.E.). n.Lin. (J.T.F.), n.Glo. (S.S.B.)
(5) Brks.1 That bed yent maayde as should be. (6) s.Wm. Ye
dunnet addle as mickle ta day, as we did Friday was a week,
HUTTON Dia. Storth and Arnside (1760) 1. 28. s.Oxf. Us clubbed
together las' Thursday was a fortnight, ROSEMARY Chilterns (1895)
98. Nrf. Lizzie corned last Wednesday wus a week (W.R. E.).
Suf. 'Twas there to-morrow is a week (M.E.R.).
BE-,prff. Var. dial, of Sc. Irel. and Eng. [bi-, ba-.]
I. Used to form deriv. v., usually with factitive or
intensive meaning, from v., sb., or adj.
1. As principal v.
Sc. Tak' tent that nae man begowk you, HENDERSON St. Mali.
(1862) xxiv. 4; I beflumm'd [befooled] them wi' Colonel Talbot,
SCOTT Waverley (1814) Ixxi. S. & Ork.1 Bevaar, to protect, guard.
Bnff.1 He misca'ed a word, bit he betook himsel' at aince.
Wxf.1 Besmorth, to besmear. n.Yks.2 It's a noise that be-daffs
fooaks. Come here an' I'll befang thee. Wheea behight thee ?
[what is your name ?] e.Yks. Deean't gan an bemeean thisen bi
gannin wiv hor, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 92. m.Yks.1 Who be-
awes [owns] this barn ? Laii.1 Aw've seen him afore, that's sartin,
but, for mi loife, aw conno bethink me wheer. Chs.1 It's an ill bird
that bedeets its own nest. Stf.2 Wean behopes aa'll come refit i' th'
end. n.Lin.1 The thunner an' lightnin' bemaased me. sw.Lin.1
I don't know what has begot it [happened to it]. Nhp.1 Belace,
to chastise with a strap. The children are bespoke [bewitched].
se.Wor.1 Bemoil, to daub with mud or other filth. Shr.1 Be-fangle,
be-spattle. Besmotter, obsol., to smear or daub with mud or other
sticky dirt. W'eerever han yo bin to besmudge yoreself all o'er
athatns ? Hrf.1 The birds bewray the church. s.Pem. An awl dog
came after me, but I belaid'n (W.M.M.). Glo. I 'ev heard un be-
call the parsons sky-high, GISSING Vill. Hampden (1890) I. xi.
Suf.1 Where did you bestow [stow away] that there hahm ? Sus.1
A common pref. to vbs., generally conveying a reflective and in-
tensitive power, as be-smeared, be-muddled, be-spangled. Hmp.1
Betwit, to taunt, upbraid. Wil.1 Her do becall [abuse] I shameful.
w.Som.1 I do behope ... I shall be able to get about a bit. Twuz
wuul beenoa-d t-au-1 dhu paa-reesh [it was well understood by all
the parish]. A common pref. to vbs., generally having a strengthen-
ing force, as in beknown, beneaped ; but sometimes having the
force of the pref. mis in misbehave, as in becall, &c. n.Dev. Us
wur betwitting Bob to-day, ROCK Jim an' Ne/l(i86i) st. 68 ; Drink
had begoodger'd creunting Dick, ib. st. 105. Cor.1 Your flowers
are bedabbered [faded '.
2. prp. or pp. used as adj. or adv.
Sc. I danced round and round about, . . . rubbing my begritten
face with my coatsleeve, MOIR Mansir Wauch (1828) v. Cum. An'
lasses whilly-liltit out As they had been betrattl't, STAGG Upshot
(1811). Wm. & Cum.1 I think the puir lass is just warse nor be-
deaver'd, 314. n.Yks.2 Be-deeavill'd, evil disposed. Be-grown,
covered over, as a wall with ivy. Be-secked or Be-sacked, dis-
charged from employment. ne.Yks.1 Belantered (in rare use)
belated, benighted. w.Yks. Cattle are said to be betwenged when
suffering from a disease which causes them to swell up about the
eyes and tail, LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale(c. 1882). Chs.iBetwitchelled
overcome with inquisitiveness. n.Lin.1 Thaay did look begone
when thaay seed me. I'm much beholding to you, sir for them
sticks you've gin us. Nhp.1 You're sadly behad [said in ironical
commiseration]. A person walking by the side of another, and
unable to keep pace, would be quite belagged. Oxf.1 'Em be much
behked. Ken.1 I wunt be beholden to a Deal clipper, leastways
not if I knows it Dor.1 The luoaded tree bent low Behune wi'
apples, 1 80.
got a most bedoling pain in my teeth (M.A.C.). Cor.1 A poor
beheemed [sickly] cretur.
II. Used to form sb.
Sc. If I havena gi'en Inch-Grabbit and Jamie Howie a bonnie
begunk, they ken themsells, SCOTT Waverley (1814) Ixxi; That be-
gowker said while he was yet livin', After three days I will rise
again, HENDERSON St. Matt. (1862) xxvii. 63. N.I.1 He has no
behopes of bein' any better. Cum.3 Begonk, a disappointment,
a ' sell.' s.Chs.1 Ahy)m i gud bi-oa'ps, ivah woz tu aav Q uz-bund
dhis ver'i neyt, Ruth i. 12. Stf.2 Oi'm in behopes as oi'll have a
paind or two next wik. w.Som.1 Dhur id-n noa bee-oa'ldeer.ees
cen ut, uuls wee eod-n ae'u-n [there is no beholdingness (obligation)
in it, or we would not have it].
III. Used to form adv. ; also occas. used as prep.
Sc. The lang loan benorth the kirkyaird, STEVENSON Catriona
(1892) xv. S. & Ork.1 Befram, to seaward. Ayr. Belyve, the
elder bairns come drapping in, BURNS Cotters Sat. Night (1785).
Dmf. His father gart them flee for fear and sculk belyve, MAYNE
SillerGnn(i8o8i82. Ir. 'Very belike,' said Mrs. Ryan,' he's bringin'
belyve [soon, after a while]. n.Yks.1 There'll be a service at
'chapel belive [in the evening] ; n.Yks.2 Ivver seea far behither
[very far beyond this place]. Lin. Sweet-arts ! Molly belike may 'a
lighted to-night upo' one, TENNYSON Spinster's Sweet-arts (1885).
Nhp.1 Will you go to the fair • Belike I shall. w.Wor.1 If yfi canna
staay now, behappen you'll step in i' the marnin' ? Shr.1 ' Be'appen,
says Jack Dallow,'is a saying current about Bridgenorth. Brks.1
Now ut raains a wunt come belike. Sur. He is about six yards
befront, N. & Q. (1889) 7th S. vii. 205. Sus.12 Behither, on this
side. Used as adv. and prep. w.Som.1 Behap you mid-n be there,
and then what be I to do ? I shall be up betime to-morrow morning.
Dev. 'E aimeth tu gert thengs, an' belikes'ell git urn, tO! HEWETT
Peas. Sp. (1892) 46.
BE, prep. Var. dial, [bi, ba, Nhb. also be.]
1. The common dial, pronunc. and spelling of by, in its
var. lit. or dial, meanings, q.v.
Sc. John's auld be him [compared with him] (JAM.). s.Sc. '. Be'
and ' bye ' are distinct, ' be ' being used of the instrument or author
I/wo ; ' bye ' of place and mental relationship napd . . . and preserves
this sense when compounded, as bye-common, by-ordnar, MURRAY
Dial. (1873) 229. Rxb. This field is bigger be [than] that (JAM.).
Ir. ' I'll meet you agin to-morra,' says he, 'be the chapel-door,"
TENNYSON To-morrow (1885). Nhb. ' Be,' for ' by,' takes the sound
of the short e , as heard in the words, bet, met, pet. ' Be ' is changed
into ' biv ' before a vowel,'RoBSON Newc. Sng. Sol. (1859) Notes ; Aw
teuk me seat be day an' neet, ROBSON Evangeline (1870) 332.
Cum.3 An' be that time o' day, 3. n.Yks. Like a leeaf be firm decree
Mun fade an' fall, CASTILLO Poems (1878) 35. Lan. O ful tru un
pertikler akeawnt o . . . th' greyt Eggshibishun. Be o felley fro
Rachde, ORMEROD Felley fro Rachde (1851) Title : Lan.1 Nay, thae
mun goo wi me; awst noan tak that gate be mysell. n.Lan.
Fetchin' it yan ... be a round about rooad, PIKETAH Forness Flk.
(1870) 44; n.Lan.1 n.Lin.1 She'll hev gotten her things on be-noo.
You'll not get him to do that be noa means whativer. Dev.
Go thy way vorth be tha vootsteps uv tha vlock, BAIRD Sng. Sol.
(1860) i. 8.
2. Forming the first unemphatic syllable of oaths.
Ir. Begorra, bedad, begonnies. If your bees are as big as
ponies and your hives no bigger than ours are, how do your bees
get into your bee-hives ?— Begob, that's their own affair, Pop.
story (G.M.H.5 ; Bejabers, you've got it now, BARLOW Lisconml
(l895' S8 ; Bedad, I've set fut on a dale of land you'll niver grow
pitaties in, ib. Kerrigan (1896) 112. Nhb.1 Begock, Begox, an ex-
clamation meaning ' byGox,'or 'by God !' Becrike, by Christ ! a
profane exclamation which is often heard as 'becrikey!' or 'crikey!'
Ods marcy ! wey, marrow, becrike, it's Lord 'Size ! SHIELD My Lord
'Size, Allan's Coll. !58. Wm.1 Begok. Chs.1 Bezonter me ! but
aw'm fair gormed. n.Lin.1 Be-gor, be gock, be-gow, be-gum, be-
jegs, be-jeggers. Sur. Be-gum is in common use (G.L.G.). Wil.
Begar thay look'd main queer, SLOW Rhymes (1889) 59. Som.
Begorras, begamme (J. S. F. S.). n.Dev. Begorsey ' vor a
coager's en' I'll till 'e vivety better men, ROCK Jim an' Nell
(1867) st. 85.
BEACE, see Beas.
BEACH, sb. and v. Ken. Sus. [bit/.]
1. sb. Pebbles or shingle taken from the beach or sea-
shore, used for road-making, covering the sleepers on
railroads, &c.
Ken. Paid Thos. Whatt for bringing 18 tuns beach £5 8s. od.,
Warehorne Highway Bk. (1771). The word is very common in both
Orlestoneand Warehorne Parish Bks. ; in every-day use at present
(P.M.). Sns1
BEACH-BOY
[203]
BEAINER
2. v. To cover a road or footpath with beach.
Ken. Paid Mr. Wra. Rowland as per bill for beaching the road
by Sugar Loaf House, Otiestone Highway Bk. (1813) (P.M.).
BEACH -BOY, sb. Sh.I. A boy employed at a fishing-
station to assist in curing fish on the stone beaches.
s. & Ork.1
BEACH-COMBER, sb. I.Ma. Naut. Slang. One who
hangs about the sea-shore or river-bank on the look-out
for jobs.
I.Ma. I'll pay you, you beachcomber, CAINE Deemster 1,1887) 72,
ed. 1889. Naut. slang. A rascally 'beach-comber' planning how
he can best cheat the simple villagers, Standard (Oct. 31, 1889)
5, col. 2 ; Before I reached it a ' beach-comber ' . . . asked me if he
should tow me ' up to 'Ampton,' JEFFERIES Open Air (1885) 137 ;
Beach-comber is the local term for the European adventurers and
long-shore loafers who infest the Pacific archipelagoes, LANG
Longm. Mag. (1885) VI. 417 (FARMER).
BEACON- WEED, see Bacon-weed.
BEAD, sb. sw.Sc. QAM.) [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] In phr. to wake a bead, used to signify that
a ring of people is formed on any hurried or important
business.
sw.Sc. This phr. has originated from the vulgar idea of the
formation of the adder-stone. The adders assemble in a certain
time of summer to cast off their sloughs and renew their age. . . .
The sloughs are collected and plastered over with frothy saliva
and again wrought to and fro till they are condensed and shaped
into an adder bead. . . . The bead is often left, and it is treasured
up by the shepherds as a talisman of good luck, Rent. Nithsdale
"BEAD, v.1 Obs. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Not. Lin. War.
Dev. Also written bede Nhb.1
1. To pray.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). Nhb.1, w.Yks.4
2. In contp. (i) Bead-house, (a)an alms-house or religious
house, (b) a workhouse ; (2) Bead! sfolk, (3) -man, (4)
•wife, (5) -woman, persons who inhabited religious
houses and alms-houses, and offered up prayers for the
repose of the souls of the founders.
(i, «) Sc. (G.W.), Dur. (K.), n.Yks.12, s.Not. (J.P.K.), niin.1,
War.3 Dev.3 The bead-house stood within the boundaries of the
churchyard walls and was occupied, until very recently, by the
sexton or clerk and the butty woman. (A) m.Yks.1 (2) Nhb.1
The hospital of our Lady called West Gate Spital was founded, as
it is reported, by the inhabitants of the town of Newcastle, for
the purpose, among other objects, of keeping six beadfolks in
the almshouse there, WELFORD Hist. ofNevac. in XVI. Cent., 235.
Item : To the bede-folk at certain times, 55. lorf. ; for twenty
chalder of coals to the bede-folk, 175. $d., ib. 202. (3) Sc. The
puirest beadsman of St. Andrews, WILSON Tales (1836) II. 279.
Nhb.1 The hospital of St. Mary Magdalene at Newcastle provides
for 'three poor beadsmen.' n.Yks.1; n.Yks.2 Obs. Beadsman,
one in old times appointed to pray or ' tell his beads ' for the
welfare, temporal and spiritual, of his benefactors ; kings having
their pensioned beadsmen in different places, who wore a cloak
of a given colour with a shoulder-badge. (4) n.Yks.12 (5)
n.Yks.1
[The dial. vb. bead (bede) is the same word as ME. bede,
a prayer. I stode seyinge my bede, Cursor M. (c. 1300)
17672. OE. (ge)bed, a prayer, cogn. w. OS. beda, OFris.
bede. (i) Bedehouse, an alms house, so called because
it is supposed the poor people should there pray for
their benefactors, ASH (1795); Bede-house, an hospital
or alms-house, KERSEY (1715) ; Thre bede houssez in ye
seid town_of Nottingham, Nott. Rec. (1543) III. 397.
OE. bed-hus, a house of prayer (Hatton G. (c. 1160) Matt.
xxi. 13), hence Wei. bettws (in names of places). Cp.
OHG. bete-hus, ' templum ' (Ps. Trev. Ixxviii. i). (3)
Bedes-men or poor people who pray'd for their founders
and benefactors, PHILLIPS (1706) ; Beadsman, orator,
precator, SKINNER (1671); I will be thy beadsman,
Valentine, SHAKS. Two Gent. i. i. 18. (5) My humblest
service to his grace : I am his beadswoman, SHIRLEY
Gratef. Sen. (1629) in. i. (N.E.D.)]
BEAD, v? Yks. [biad, e.Yks. bid.] To fence in land
with long rods, thorns, &c., in order to prevent sheep from
getting out. See Beard.
n.Yks. Its a bad job yon sheep's gitan startid a laupin auar
t'wOl [wall] ut at lotment on tatmQar. Wi man ev t'wol biadid an
stop am if wa kan. Its a piti we didnt biad t'wOl sinnOr; it aut ta
abin biadid wen wa turned em in bints (W. H.).
Hence Beadin, a dead hedge, or a hedge made of dead
thorns.
e.Yks.l
BEAD, int. Obs. ? n.Cy. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] Indeed ! by my beads !
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
BEAD-BIND, sb. Hmp. Black briony, Tamus com-
iiinnis.
Hmp. (J.R.W.); Hmp.l
BEADLE, sb. Obs. ? m.Yks.1 A person receiving
parish pay or alms. See Bead-house, (b).
BEADLESS, adj. Cum. Also written beaddless
Cum.1 [brdlas.]
1. Of persons: intolerant of suffering, impatient of pain.
Cum. Auld Wilson was a headless body, CAINE Shad. Crime
(1885) 29; Cum.13
2. Of pain, suffering, &c. : intolerable, hard to bear.
Cum.3 For it feister't an' wark't wid sa beadless a stoon, 160;
He says the pain's beadless, but then he's a beadless body, ib. 164.
BEADS, sb.1 Irel. [bedz.] A rosary.
Ir. She wanted a ' bades,' a rosary, which was to be kept till
the time that Pat would be able to bless it for her, FRANCIS
Fustian (1895) 9 ; Still used (J.M.ff.).
[Beads, lit. prayers. See Bead. The word was trans-
ferred to the series of little balls threaded upon a string,
by which balls the prayers were counted off.]
BEADS, sb.2 pi. Wil.1 The procumbent pearlwort,
Sagina procumbens.
BEADUS, see Bead-house.
BEAGLE, v. Cor.12 [bi'gl.] In phr. Beagle it! some-
times Ad beagle it ! A mild imprecation, ' bother it ! '
BEAGLE, sb.1 Sc. Nhb. [bi'gl.] A sheriffs officer ;
a beadle.
ne.Sc. They say there's beagles oot aifter the unfortunate
lad himsel', GRANT Keckleton, 132. Per. A gentleman's house
was watched by beagles or bum-bailies, because he had been
declared bankrupt (G.W.). Edb. That it was the beagles come in
search of me, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) 103. Dmf. These beagles
flew To ha'd the souter lads in order, MAYNE Siller Gun (1808) 72.
Nhb.1 Blind Willy slawly led the band, As beagle o' the way, man,
MARSHALL (c. 1869) Lackey's Dream.
[The same as beagle (the small doe for hunting).]
BEAGLE, sb.2 Sc. Yks. Lan. Der. War. Wor. Shr.
Dev. Cor. Also written beeagle n.Yks.1 2 ; baigle Lan.1
War.1 Shr.1 ; bagle Shr.2 Cor.12
1. An oddly or grotesquely dressed figure ; a ' fright,'
a ' guy,' a ' scarecrow.'
Rxb. One bespattered with mud is said to be ' a pretty beagle '
QAM.). n.Yks.1; n.Yks.2 A bonny beeagle! m.Yks.1 w.Yks.
He tummled i t'midden, and when he gat out he wor a bonny
beagle (F.K.); w.Yks.2 Yo niwer saw such a beagle; w.Yks.5
Lan. ' Well, thae'rt a bonny baigle, owd mon,' said Enoch, laughing.
' Baigle ! ' replied Twitchel ; ' feel at mo ! Aw met ha' bin in a
traycle-tub,' WAUGH Besom Ben (1865) v ; Lan.1 ' Thae'rt a bonny
baigle ! ' phr. applied to anybody who is startlingly kenspeckle, or
curious. Der.2, nw.Der.1
2. An opprobrious epithet applied to a depraved, un-
manageable, and troublesome person.
War.2 Wor. Beagle is used here, applied to women and children.
A man will call his wife a beagle ; children are so called in times
of anger or irritation. Goo along oi'ee, 'ee nasty little beagle
(H.K.). Shr.1 'Er's a nasty baigle, that's whad 'er is; Shr.2
n.Dev. Tha art a beagle, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 243. Cor.1 Be
quiet, you young bagle ; Cor.2 [To say ' You are a special
beagle,' is the same as to say 'You are a good for nothing,'
DYCHE & PARDON Diet. (1744).]
[A precious beagle, homofutilis, ineptus, improbus, COLES
(1679). Prob. the same as beagle (a .small dog for hunting),
often glossed with the mg. of 'bitch.' A beagle, petite
chienne, SHERWOOD (1672) ; Begle, canicula, LEVIKS Matiip.
(1570).]
BEAINER, sb. Sh.I. A dog. See Benbiter.
Sh.I. Beainer is a ' lucky word,' used by some of the fisher-
men at the ' haaf ' or deep-sea fishing. During the fishing it was
customary to avoid the ordinary names of persons, animals, and
D d 2
BEAINER-SUNDAY
[204]
BEAL
things, and to use paraphrases. The custom is now obsolete, but
many of these 'lucky words ' or ' haaf- words ' survive, used most
often in joke (J.J.). s- * Ork-1
BEAINER-SUNDAY, sb. Sh.I. The Sunday before
Christmas, on which day it was customary to eat an ox-
head for supper.
Sh.I. This custom is still observed (K.I.) ; (J.J.) S. & Ork.1
BEAK, sb.1 Var. dial. uses, [bik, biak.]
1. The nose, the face.
Nhb. They'll find queer stinks in thor beeks, Keelmin's Ann.
(1869) 28 ; Nhb.1 To the beak o' the second aw held up me fist,
Bob Cranky (1815). We'll get penny loaves, an' drink tiv wor
beak, OldSng., Comet's Rant. War.o
Hence Beaky, having a prominent nose.
Nhb.1
2. A curved cutting mattock used in reclaiming land.
Wil. The rough grass and moss, and the whole surface of the
land, were chopped up with a curved cutting mattock, called a
' beak,' DAVIS Agric. (1811) xii ; Wil.1
3. The ploughed land on the plat of the downs near
Heytesbury, so called from having been reclaimed as
above.
Wil.1 In the Deverills, parts of many of the down farms are
known as the Bake, or, more usually, the Burn-bake.
4. The hook or crane over a kitchen fireplace on which
pots are hung.
w.Yks. LUCAS Stud. Nidderdalc (c. 1882) 233 ; w.Yks.1 n.Lin.1
The reckin-hook.
5. The pointed part of a blacksmith's anvil.
n-Lin.1 w.Som.1 The pointed end of a common anvil is called
the bik u dhu an'vee-ul [beak of the anvil],
6. The outshoot of a spout, a gurgoyle.
n.Lin.1
7. The brim or peak of a hat or cap ; extended also to
the hat itself.
w.Yks.4 T'beak'n a hat The ' beak ' of a cap, the two ' beaks'
on an infantry soldier's full-dress hat, &c. What's tuh geen fur
that beak ? Gotten his granfathther's beak on !
BEAK, sb.2 In gen. dial, or slang use. [bik, biak.]
A magistrate.
Yks. All they [i.e. the police] think about is taking poor chaps,
and bringing 'em before the beak, FETHERSTON Farmer, 10.
w.Yks. Inspector sed as t'beaks wornt sittin' (W.F.) ; w.Yks.2
Mid. I stood in the Court of A'Beckett the Beak, THACKERAY
Ballads (1855) 124. Sus. I scarcely know which is the softer
' beak '—as we are called— you, or Sir Roland, BLACKMORE
Alice Lorraine (1875) HI. vi. Slang. Save you from them air
beaks as catched you, Raby Rattler (1845) ix ; When you walk
by a beak's order, it's not straight forerd, but always a going
up and niver a coming down agin, DICKENS O. Twist (1850)
viii ; I was fined two pounds by the beak, HAGGARD Col. Quarilch
(1888) III. v ; P'raps if I didn't I shouldn't have been dragged up
before the beak so many times for a disturbing of the public peace,
Dy. Tel. (April 8, 1896) 6, col. i ; In the last century Sir John
Fielding was called 'the blind beak,' A', t?1 Q. (1873) 4* S. xii.
200. Cant. Life B. M. Carew (1791) Gl; A rum beak, Monthly
Mag. (1799) I. 22.
BEAK, v. Var. dial. uses, [bik.]
1. To kiss.
Not. (J.H.B.); Not.1
2. Of birds : to attack with the bill.
Dev. Like cocks for ever at each other beaking, PETER PINDAR
Wks. (1816) 140, ed. 1830.
3. To chop up with a ' beak ' or mattock the rough sur-
face of land that is to be reclaimed, afterwards burning the
parings. See Burn-beak.
Wil.1
Hence Beaking, vbl. sb. the process of chopping up the
surface of the ground with a 'beak' or mattock in re-
claiming land.
Wil. The operation is still frequently called 'beaking and
burning,' DAVIS Agric. (1811) xii.
BEAK, see Beek.
BEAKING-FULL, adj. phr. Nhb. Yks. [Unknown to
our other correspondents.] Full to repletion.
N.Cy.i, Nhb.1 w.Yks. Well known but verv little u
amongst old people (J.A.).
known but very little used, and only
BEAK-IRON, sb. Nhb. Der. Bdf. Som. Also written
beck-iron Der.2 nw.Der.1 Bdf. ; hick-iron Nhb.1 [bi'k-,
be'k-, brk-aian.] A cooper's anvil.
Nhb.1, Der.2, nw.Der.1, Bdf. (J.W.B.). w.Som.1 The iron T
used by coopers, on which they hammer and rivet their hoops.
[Beakiron, a bickern, a tool used by blacksmiths, ASH
(1795) ; They have no other word in the Spanish language
for a bickhorn or a bench vice, than Vigornia, DILLON
Trav. Spain (1781) 145 (N.E.D.) ; A black smith's anvil . . .
is sometimes made with a pike or bickern or beak-iron at
one end of it, MOXON Mech. Ex. (1677) 3. This word in its
various forms, which are due to assoc. w. E. words, such
as beak, and iron and horn, is of Fr. origin. Cp. Fr. bi-
gorne, ' petite enclume dont les extremites sont en pointe '
(HATZFELD) ; It. bicornia, ' a kinde of crooked anuile that
gold-smiths vse ' (FLORIO) ; Sp. bigornia, ' the iron upon
which ferriers turne or worke horse shooes ' (MINSHEU).
A der. of Lat. bicornis, with two horns (cp. G. doppelhorn).
The word appears in Flem. as begone (bigorie), see VUYL-
STEKE.]
BEAKMENT, sb. Obs. n.Cy. A measure containing
four quarts. See Beatment.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790).
[She gott a beakment ot wheat flower, Depos. Yrk.
Castle (1673), Surtees Soc. (1861) 194.]
BEAKS, sb. pi. Nhb. A punishment inflicted upon
the loser in a game of marbles, by 'firing' a marble at the
knuckles.
Nhb. ' Knuckle doon, an' tyek yor beaks." The loser of a game
is obliged to place his doubled nief upon the ground and to hold
it there whilst each of his opponents jerks his playing marble
against his knuckles. At the beginning of a game ' Let's play for
beaks ' is called. The loser suffers a painful ordeal in enduring
his ' beaks,' but it is considered mean to shirk or even to wince
at the infliction (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.1
BEAL, s*.1 Dor. [bp.] A small kind of weasel.
s.Dor. ' One of them guinea-pigs has been bitten by a beal.'
Beat is certainly the recognized word in the valley of the Stour —
I think also in ' the Vale.' To make sure of ' beal ' being correct
I applied to one of the ancients, whose opinion is as follows :
' There is three sorts : weazel. stoat, and beal, but all belong to the
same spicey ' [species] (C.K.P.).
[OFr. bele (mod. belle), fern, of bel (beau), beautiful ; cp.
OFr. bellette (mod. belette), a weasel. Belette, ' proprt, la
jolie petite bete ' (HATZFELD). See Fairy (weasel). Cp.
the name of the weasel in various languages : Fr. dial.
(Rouergat) la poulido (pretty) ; Dan. dial, den kiijmne
(pretty) ; Bavarian das schon-thierlein (the pretty little
creature).]
BEAL, v.1 and sb.2 Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Lin. Also written beel Cum. ne.Yks.1 Lin. ; beeal Wm.1
n.Yks.3 e.Yks.1 ; beeall e.Yks. [bil, bial.]
1. v. To bellow or roar as cattle, to shout, sometimes
with prep. out.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Dur.1 Cum. Tom Ridley beel'd out ' Deil may
care!' ANDERSON Poet. Wks. (ed. 1820) II. 152; Ah beel't oot
lull em at he wad ha teh tak rayder mair time if he wantet my
cumpany varra far, SARGISSON Joe Scoap (1881) 43. Wm. Her
bulls beal and bellow naa langer, HUTTON Bran New Wark (1785)
1. 164 ; When t'wind in t'chimley sood, Com bealen doon off
Crossfell heets, WHITEHEAD Leg. (1859) n, ed. 1896 ; Band kickt
up sec a nurration like o t'kye it deeal creeanan an coves beelan,
CLARKE Spec. (1865) 5 ; He began beealing away like a cofe,
Spec. Dial. (1880) pt ii. 35 ; Wm.1 'T bull's beealin. n. Yks. He beals
out like a great cauf, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Dec. 20, 1890) ; n-Yks.1
What gars yon coo beeal sikan a gait ? n.Yks.23 ne.Yks.1 What's
ta beealin at? e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788); Ah was
ommast flay'd oot o' mi wits, when awd bull beeal'd oot at ma,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 52 ; e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1, w.Yks.1 ; w.Yks.s
Ah started a healing an' bealing at ivver ah could beal, xii. ne-Lan.1
Lin. If her bairns are not bealing and yammering round her,
STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes (1884) 264 ; An' thou was a-bealin'
likewise, an' a-squealin', as if tha was bit, TENNYSON Owd Rod
(1889) ; I beal'd out then with all my might, BROWN Lit. Law.
(1890) 47; What is that brat bealing about? (J.C.W.) n.Lin.
An theare thaay stan's bealin' an' carryin" on, PEACOCK Tales and
Rhymes (1886) 62 ; n-Lin.1 Th' bairn beal'd oot that bad, I was
clean scar'd. swXin.1 They bfial out fit to stun one.
BEAL
.[205]
BEAMFILL
I
Hence d) Sealing, vbl. sb. a. noise, uproar, bellowing;
(2) Bealing, adj. noisy.
(i) Cum.3 Stop thy beelin and lissen to me, 30. n.Yks.1 She wares
maist ov her tahm i' beealin' an singin'. e.Yks.1 Keep still, will
ya. Ah weeant he sike a bcalin as that i my hoose. Lin. T'other
da'ay I heerd sich an a healing, and when I looked, some beast
had brok out, N. & Q. (1865") 3rd. S. vii. 31. sw.Lin.1 My word,
if you don't stop that bealing. (2) n.Lin.1 A bealing coo soon forgets
it cauf, Prov.
2. sb. A noise, roar, cry, bellowing.
Cum.3 Lood groans we heard — lang hollow beels, 56. Yks.
T'bull sat oop a greeat beeal, an' sat aff wi' un, Spec. Dial. (1800"
24; Bealsand shouts and claps and gre'ans Eneaf te wakken t'vary
tonpike ste'ans, BROWN Yk. Minster Screen (1834) 1. 107. e.Yks.
.Slke a beeall an a clatther, a yowp an a yell, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp.
(1889) 52. n.Lin.1
[1. To beale, boare, LEVINS Manip. (1570). ON. belja,
to bellow.]
BEAL, sb? and v? Som. Dev. Cor. Also written bail
Som. nw.Dev.1
1. sb. A bird's bill ; the nose.
Som. (W.P.W.), nw.Dev.1 Cor.1 I knawed 'ee by your beal.
2. v. With prep, out, to hatch.
Dev. She watched over the baling out of the chicken and she
made the butter, O'NEILL Idylls (1892) 118. nw.Dev.1 Onny dree
o' min be a bail'd eet.
3. To protrude, as a bird's bill through the shell of
a newly hatched egg, or a person's toes through holes
in a stocking.
Cor. (F.H.D.); Cor.3
[1. pe bryddes woundeb hem wib hir grete beeles,
TREVISA Higden (1387) II. 421. OE. bile, a bill, beak.]
BEAL, v? Sc. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Shr. Amer. Also
written beel Ant. ; bale w.Yks.3 Shr.1 ; bail w.Yks.3 [bil,
bial, bel.]
1. Of a sore : to gather, fester, suppurate ; also trans.
to cause to swell, to raise the flesh in blisters.
N.I.1 Ant. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Own. (C.H.W.)
s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890). Nhb.1, w.Yks.3 Shr.1 The flen ban
bin on this poor child, — jest look 'ow they'n baled Mm on the back.
[Penn., U.S.A. Dial. Notes (1895) 384.]
Hence (i) Beal, sb. a hot, inflamed tumour ; (2) Bealing,
vbl. sb. suppuration from an ulcer, a boil, a suppurating
sore ; (3) Bealing,///. adj. inflamed, gathered, ulcerated ;
(4) Bealed, ppl. adj. festered.
(i) w.Yks. WILLAN List Wds. (1811). (2) Sc. Even a bit wrax,
or a bealin, will whiles near-hand ruin a lad, ROY Horseman (1895)
xxii. N.I.1 Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892). Yks. THORESBY Lett.
(1703). w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.2* (3) Sc. A' thing gaed til
his wyte, an ill hairst or a bealin thoomb, ROY Horseman (1895)
xxxix. (4) Uls. A beeled finger (M.B.-S.). Ant. GROSE (1790)
MS. add. (C.)
2. Fig: To swell with pain or remorse.
n.Sc. (JAM.) Abd. Her heart for Lindy now began to beil, Ross
Helenore (1768) 76, ed. 1812.
[1. Beal, to gather matter, to come to a head like a
pimple, ASH (1795) ; so BAILEY (1721) ; To beal, suppuro,
COLES (1679) ; Boue'r, to beal, to mattar, COTGR. (i) Beal,
a whelk or push, KERSEY (1715). (2) Hypopie, bealing
or matter growing or gathering in a crushed eye,
COTGR. The vb. belen occurs in ME. in sense of 'to burn,
to smart ' : My brest in bale bot bolne & bele, Pearl (c.
1360) 18, in Allit. P. i. ON. bala, to burn.]
BEAM, sb.1 Van dial, usages, [bim, biam.]
1. Of a plough : the back or main support to which all
the other parts are attached.
Sc. STEPHENS Farm Bk. (1849) I. 150. w.Som.1 Now wholly of
iron, but till recently always of wood. Beneath the beam is fixed
the breast or foundation of the working part of the implement, and
from its latter end springs the tail or handle.
2. A steelyard.
n.Lin.1 Them oats'll weigh tho'teen stoan to th' seek at th' beam
this minnit. w.Som.1
3. The space or room in an open fishing-boat immedi-
ately forward of the sheet, where the nets are kept. Cor.3
4. The main stem of a stag's horn.
n.Dev. An antler is judged by the number of points or tines
which spring from the beam, JEFFERIES Red Deer (1884) iv.
5. Tanning term : a rounded piece of wood, stone, or
iron on which hides are placed for the purpose of un-
hairing and fleshing. Chs.1
6. In cotnp. Beam-knife, the knife used at the fleshing-
beam. Lei.1
7. A bank of cloud.
Cor. The sun was darting, a beam was over the West, lying
on the sea, BARING-GOULD Gaverocks (1887) vi ; There's a gale
in thicky black beam, ib.
[1. A beym of ye plwgh, buris ; ubi plwghe beme, Cath.
Angl. (1483). OE. sulh-beam, a plough-beam. 4. Beam
(on the head of a deer), that part which bears the antlers,
royals, and tops, BAILEY (1721) ; Marrein, the beam of a
buck, the branch of a stag, COTGR. ; Beame, the maine
horn of a hart or stag, BULLOKAR (1616). 5. Fer a ravaler,
a tanner or leather-dressers shaving-knife, beam-knife or
working-knife, COTGR. ; Beaming knyfe for a tanner,
PALSGR.]
BEAM, sb? and V.1 Yks. Som. [bun, biam.]
1. sb. Weaving term : a circular piece of wood upon
which the warp is wound.
w.Yks. (W.T.) w.Som.1 In every common loom there are two
beams or rollers, one called the chai-n bee'm, on which is wound
the warp, and from which it is unwound as the cloth is woven ;
the other called the klau'th bee-m, upon which the fabric is rolled
up as woven. [G/. Lab. (1894).]
2. v. To wind the warp upon the chain beam.
w.Som.1 This is a matter of some nicety, as all the threads have
to be kept even and parallel, or [the warp] will not make a good
bosom.
Hence (i) Beamer, sb. one who winds the warp upon
the roller ready for the weaver to place in his loom ; (2)
Beaming, vbl. sb. the process of putting a warp on a beam
or roller ready for the loom ; (3) Beaming-frame, sb. the
machine in which the above operations preparatory to
weaving are performed.
(i) w.Yks. BAINES Yks. Past (1870) 671. w.Som.1 (2) w.Yks.
(J.M.) (3) w-Som.1
[Beam, a large round piece of wood belonging to a
weaver's loom, ASH (1795) ; Ensuble de tisseran, a weavers
beam, COTGR. ; A beme of a webster, iugum, Cath. Angl.
(1483) ; Beeme of webstarrys lome, liciatorium, Prompt. ;
The shaft of his speer was as the beem of websters,
WYCLIF (1382) i Sam. xvii. 7. OE. web-beam, a weaver's
beam.]
BEAM, v? Sc. n.Cy. Yks. Der. [bim.] To cure
leakage in a tub or barrel by soaking it in water, and thus
causing the wood to swell. See Beene.
Abd. To make the bottom and sides of a wooden washing-tub,
which has become shrunk and leaky (called gizzen or gizzened)
through being left dry, to swell and become watertight (P.G.).
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) w.Yks. This tub runs like a
riddle; we'll have to put it outside and beam it (H. L.) ; w.Yks.2,
Der.1
BEAM, v.3 Sc. Of a teapot: to warm or season it
before putting in the tea.
Rxb. (JAM.) [Not known to our correspondents.]
BEAM, see Bean, sb.2
BEAM-BIRD, sb. Nhb. Brks. Bck. Hrt. e.An. Hmp.
Wil. The spotted fly-catcher, Musicapa grisola.
Nhb.1 Brks., Bck., Hrt. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 48. e.An.1, Nrf.
(A.G.) Hmp. SWAINSON, ib. Wil. SMITH Birds (1887) 125. [The
most usual places for this bird's nest are, the side of a faggot-stack,
a hole in the wall, or a beam in an outbuilding, whence arises one
of its provincial names, that of Beam-bird, YARRELL Hist. Brit.
Birds (1845) I. 173.]
[A name sometimes given to the spotted flycatcher,
because it often builds its nest on the projecting end ot
a beam (CD.).]
BEAM-FEATHERS, sb. pi. Som. The stiff quill
leathers in a bird's wing.
w.Som.1 Bee'm vadh'urz.
[Beam-feathers (among falconers), the long feathers of
a hawk's wing, BAILEY (1721) ; so KERSEY (1715).]
BEAMFILL, v. Sc. Yks. Der. Building term : to fill
up the spaces left in the walls of a house after the beams
BEAM-FILLED
[206]
BEAR
have been planted, with chips of stone or brick. Also fig.
to fill up completely, as in packing a box.
Sc. (JAM. Suppl.) n.Sc. He isbeamfillt o' pride (W.G.). w.Yks.1
Hence (i) Beamfilling, vbl. sb. the chips of stone or
brick used in filling up the spaces or chinks that are left
in the walls of a house after the beams have been planted ;
(2) Beamfull, full to overflowing.
(i)Sc.(jAM.) nw.Der.1 (a)n.Sc. Shecamhamewi'hermehl-pyock
beamfoo. Jist fill the bossie beamfoo o' behr mehl (W.G.).
BEAM-FILLED, ppl. adj. Sc. Indulged.
n.Sc. That's a beam-filltlittlan. He'll wint for naethingit he seeks
(W.G.). Abd. Still known, though not in very common use (W.M.).
BEAMING, adv. Yks. [bia'min.] In phr. beaming
hot, intensely hot.
Yks. It's as oft seead ' beeamin yat ' (E.M.C.). e.Yks.1 Ah wus
ommast swelthered wl walkin : sun com beeamin hot uppa ma
MS. add. (T.H.)
BEAN, sb.1 Van dial, usages in Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur.
Yks. Lan. Chs. Not. Lin. Lei. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Pern.
Glo. Hrt. e.An. Ken. Som. Also written byun se.Wor.1
[bin, binn. |
1. A kind of small coals, so called from the size.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Duff is the smallest coal left after screening ; peas
are next in size ; beans next grade higher ; then nuts,— roondy coal
being the largest in size. Nhb., Dur. GREEN WELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
Hence Beany, adj. of the size of a bean.
N.Cy.1 Beany coals. Nhb. ' Beany coals te vend ' is a Newcastle
street-cry of to-day. Chs.1 Beany marl, salt-making term : a kind
of granulated marl. Also called Horsebeans.
2. Money, esp. a sovereign or guinea.
Slang. Zoroaster took long odds that the match was off; offering
a bean to half a quid (in other words, a guinea to a half-guinea)
that Sybil would be the bride, AINSWORTH Rookwood, bk. HI. ix ;
'Here's some of the beans,'as he drew five sovereigns from thesame
pocket, MURRAY Rainbow Gold (1886) 296.
3. Comp. (i) Bean-belly, a satirical epithet applied to
Leicestershire ; (2) -brish, -brush, bean stubble ; (3) -cod
a pod of beans ; see Cod ; (4) -cracker, -crake, the corn-
crake or landrail, Grex pratensis ; (5) -dye, see below ;
(6) -haulm, the stalk of beans after the pods or seeds are
removed; see Haulm; (7) -hook, a short hook for reaping
beanstalks ; (8) -hool, the hull or pod of beans ; see
Hull; (9) -rowers, refuse from bean threshing; (10)
•sharps, (n) -swad, the empty pod of beans; (ia)
•swaup, the pod of beans ; also fig. a useless person •
(13) -weed, common butterwort, Pinguicula vulgaris.
(i) Lei. Leicestershire bean-bellies, Denham Tracts (1854) I. 166,
ed. 1891; RAY Aw. (1678)316; Lei.1 An epithet not yet forgotten'
though beans are by no means so common an article of food as
formerly. (2) War. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863) ; War 3 Se Wor i
(3) ne-Lan.1 (4) Wxf. (P.J.M.) s.Pem. That's a bean-cracker
thats maakm that noise (W.M.M.); Science Gossip (1874) 142-
SWAINSON Birds (1885) 177. (5) Hrt. Bean-dye, a kind of pea (more
correctly beaned-eye) of a whitish colour with a black speck or eve
in it, ELLIS Mod. Husb. (1750) II. i. (6) w.Yks. She began to
drag the bean-haulms into a heap,MACQUoiD Doris Barnzh I 181-1,
2. Shr.1 Glo.i Bean helms. w.Som.1 (8) e.Yks.1 A short
scythe-like implement, generally made of a fragment of a scythe-
^ *' K f- ^f\-(7-?-) S'Not- <J-P-K0' Ken' (P'M-)> ^en.1
Sc. He shall hide himself in a bean-hool if he remains on
bcottish ground without my finding him, SCOTT Midlothian (i8i81
xvm. (9) s.Wor. (H.K.) (10) Slg. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863 .
(ii) n.Lm.1 Chuck them bean-swads to pigs, wilt ta' (12) Sc
An Charlie come, he's as gude as some three, an' his backman's'
nae bean-swaup neither, Perils of Man, I. 88 (JAM.). (10) Hrt
His sheep were so much in love with a certain weed called bean'
weed, ELLIS Sheph. Guide (1749).
4. Phr. (i) To keep all the beans in the sack, to be careful
ot one s money ; (2) to know how many beans make five to
be sharp-witted, knowing; (3) three blue beans in a blue
bladder, see below ; (4) he won't give a bean for a pea, he is
very ungenerous, churlish.
,ew Ee du nau' C°r ee nau-th]
aew mun ee bee-unz maek vai-v ' is a very common description of
a cute, clever fellow. Slang. It is as simple as how many blue
beans make five Dy. Ncvs (Nov. 4) lSSg) 6, col. 5 (FARMER?. (3)
Nrf.i ; Suf.1 Three blue beans in a blue bladder, rattle bladder
rattle, is as old a irolicksome sort of shibboleth as I can recollect'
and is still frequently heard. (4) Hrf.2 Speaking to a bed-ridden
man, 'Your sister, I suppose, . . . does some things for you?'
' Well, mighty little, her won't give a bean for a pea.'
BEAN, sb.2 Dev. Cor. Also written been Dev. In
form beam Dev. Cor.2 [bin.] A withy band, a rope of
straw. See Bine.
Dev. MOORE Hist. Dev. (1829) I. 353 ; A bunnel ov straw
tied up wi' a hay-beem, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892). n.Dev. ROCK
Jim an' Nell (1867) Gl. s.Dev. I shall want something for a been
for this heap of sticks, Reports Provinc. (1882) 8. w.Dev. MARSHALL
Rur. Econ. (1796). Dev.1 nw.Dev.1 Jis make a bean o' withy,
Jan, and bend up they there kidney-bain sticks. Cor. The ghosts
of bad men are ever employed in binding the sand in bundles
with ' beams ' of the same [a local word in use in this neighbour-
hood, as hay-beams for hay-bands], N. & Q. (1850) ist S ii 511 •
Cor.12 „
[The same as lit. E. bind (ME. bynde), a twist of a vine
or hop-plant.]
BEANSELE, sb. Suf. The time of bean-harvest. Cf.
bark-, barley-, hay-sele.
Suf. (F.H.)
BEANWEED, sb. Hrt. The common butterwort,
Pinguicula vulgaris.
[It grows in the moory ground of vales, comes up about
a finger's length, in the spring time of the year, like a
bean, ELLIS Sheph. Guide (1749) 164.]
BEAR, sb.1 Irel. w.Yks. Chs. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp
War. Wor. Shr. Glo. Cmb. Sur. Aus. Slang, [bea(r)
bia(r).]
1. In comp. (i) Bear's-hairs, a name given to a certain
formation of cloud ; (2) -'s-muck, a species of peat mixed
with clay ; (3) -ward, (a) obs. a bear-keeper, (b) a term oi
reproach.
(i) Shr.1 Threads of filmy white, fringing greater masses of
cloud, said to betoken some sort of weather ; but the popular mind
is not at one, whether it be fair or foul, (a) Lin. MORTON Cyclo.
Agric. (1863). Nhp.2 Cmb. The fen land lies 'upon a substratum,
at different depths, of turf moor and bear's muck,' Reports Agric.
(1793-1813); The fen land is composed of vegetable matter, or
loose black mould, upon a turf moor resting upon a bear's muck
and a clay, MARSHALL Review (1811) III. 228. (3, a) Chs.1; Chs.3
In the old accounts of Congleton between 1589 and 1613, we find
payments to the bearward for fetching the bear to the wakes.
(b) Chs.1 He's a rcglar bearward.
2. In phr. (i) baste the bear, a boy's game ; (2) make the
bear talk, a term among frame-work knitters for working
their stocking-frames ; (3) play the bear, to damage, spoiK
ruin.
(i) N.I.1 w.Yks. A game where boys run under other boys'
legs and are battered on their backs, &c. by caps and knotted
handkerchiefs (S.K.C.). (2) s.Not. (J.P.K.) (3) Lei.1 ' To play
Old Harry,' ' Old Gooseberry,' or ' Old Boots ' are equivalent
expressions. The hail has played the bear with the apple-blossom.
Nhp.1 A market-gardener says, ' A wet Saturday plays the bear
with us" — keeps our customers away, and injures our goods.
War.2 The frost has played the bear with the later tops ; War.3
The pigs have been in the garden and played the bear with it.
s.Wor.1, Glo.2 Sur. I lay they've played the bear with him,
N. & Q. (1890) 7th S. x. 285. [Aus., N.S.W. Chaps that have got
something on their minds can't stand idleness, it plays the bear
with them, BOLDREWOOD Robbery (1888) II. ii.]
[I. (3, a) Rogues and vagabonds described by the Act 17
Geo. II, cap. 5, punishable by six months' imprisonment,
namely . . . fencers, bearwards, COLQUHOUN Police (1796)
298 ; A bear- ward, ursarius, COLES (1679) ; so GOULDMAN
(1678) ; I will take sixpence in earnest of the bear-ward,
SHAKS. Much Ado, ii. i. 43 ; Bear warde, gardeur dours,
PALSGR. (1530) ; Berewarde, ursarius, Prompt.]
BEAR, sb.' Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lin. Shr. Suf. Also written
bar Sc. Suf.1; beer Sc. Nhb.; beir N.Cy.1; here Sc.
n.Yks.1 [ber, bea(r), bia(r).j
1. Barley, esp. a coarse kind with four or six rows of
grain in the ear, Hordeum hexastichon or tetrastichon. Also
called Big, q. v.
Sc. Twa bows o' bear and twa bows o' pease, SCOTT Old Mortality
(1816) xx ; Raised tolerable oats and bear, ib. Monastery (1820) i ;
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) Abd. A brewer and farmer en-
couraged his servants to drink ale copiously, as it saved the oatmeal,
BEAR
[207]
BEARBIND
oatcakes, &c. A common saying of his was, • Drink, lads, drink :
the here puckle fills as weel's the ait' (W.M.). Per. I should in
Sc. use 'bar' wherever 'barley' could be used in Eng.(G.W.) Ayr.
I sing the juice Scotch bear can mak us, BURNS Sc. Drink (1786)
st. i. Bwk. Ar she came down the loan wi' here, HENDERSON
Pop. Rhymes 1856) 56 ; Monthly Mag. (1814) I. 31. Gall. Out on the
fields of oats andbear,CRocKErr S/iivW ./!/<'«. (1893)67 ; The crops of
corn, Merse wheat, Lowden oats, and Galloway bear, should be in
the stackyards ... by the and day of September, ib. Raiders (1894)
ii. N.Cy.1 Nhb. Bigg or bear, with four grains on the ear, was
the kind of barley, MARSHALL Reports Agric. (1818) I. 191 ; Obs.
Two stacks of beare, of xx boules, DIXON Whiltingham Vale
(1895) 130 ; Nhb.1 n.Yks. There are several plots of those species
of barley called big, which is six-rowed barley ; or bear, which
is four-rowed, cultivated, TUKE Agric. (1800) 119; n.Yks.1, n.Lin.1,
Sir.' [(K.)]
2. Comp. (i) Bear-barley, a coarse kind of barley; (2)
•curn, see -stone; (3) -feys, land appropriated to the
growing of barley ; (4) -land, see -feys ; (5) -lave or
leave, ground the first year after barley has been raised
on it; (6) -meal, barley-meal; (7) -meal-raik, a fruitless
errand ; (8) -mell, an instrument for beating the husks off
barley ; (9) -pundlar, an instrument for weighing barley ;
(10) -seed, barley ; (n) -sel, the season for sowing barley ;
(12) -stone, a husking trough for barley, used before the
invention of mills.
(i) Nhb.1 [Bere-barleye or bigge wolde be sowen uppon lyghte
grounde, FITZHERBERT Husbandry (1534) 23.] (a) Fif. (JAM.)
(3, 4) Gall. The infield was sometimes sown with oats, commonly,
however, with bear— hence it still retains the appellation of bar-land
or bear-feys, Agric. Surv. 41 (JAM.). (5) Lnk. The grund is in
bear-lave (JAM.). (6) Sc. Bearmeal scones, SCOTT Redg. (1824) xi.
Ayr. Bannocks o' bear-meal, Bannocks o' barley, BURNS, 253(,Globe
ed.). (7) Lnk. Supposed to originate from the disappointment of
one who goes out in quest of oatmeal, and is obliged to satisfy
himself with barley-meal (JAM.). (8) Sc. (JAM.) ',9)8. & Ork.1
Or.I. (JAM.) (10) Sc. (JAM.). (n)Suf.1 (12) Sc. (JAM.) N.Cy.1
Large stone mortar or trough used in the North formerly to unhusk
their ' bear ' before barley mills were invented. Nhb.1
[1. He wyll nocht want ane boll of beir, LYNDESAY
Monarche (1552) 111.4694; Tua fisches and fiue laues o
here, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 13506. OE. here, John vi. 9
(Rushw.). 2. Hordeum polystichum vernum, beare barley
or barley big, GERARDE Herb. (ed. 1633), hence in GOULD-
MAN ( 1678) ; Orge paume, beer barly, big barly, barly with
the square ear, COTGR.]
BEAR, sb? Wm. Lan. Chs. Also written bair e.Lan.1 ;
beer Wm. ; beyer n.Lan.1 [bea(r).] A door-mat.
Wm. N. & Q. (1871) 4th S. viii. 233 ; Poor people peel rushes for
candles, making besoms and bears of the peelings, BRIGGS
Remains (1825) 232. Lan. (H.M.), Lan.1, ne.Lan.1, e.Lan.1,
m.Lan.1 Chs.1 At Hyde ; elsewhere, I think, becoming obs.; Chs.3
Perhaps formerly often made of a bearskin. The rough rope-mat
resembles one.
BEAR, sb* Yks. Shr. Also written bare Shr.2
[beafr), bia(r).]
1. The large block of sandstone, which lies at the bottom
and forms the base of the furnace in ironworks.
Shr.1 After being subjected to the great heat of the iron it
becomes metamorphosed, and represents a hard, solid block of
stone mixed with iron in one heterogeneous mass, when it is pulled
out and called the furnace-bear ; Shr.2 [The bear] is very difficult
to draw out, and when this is the case, the iron is said to be ' in
the bear.'
2. A lode or vein of ore.
m.Yks.1
BEAR, .s/;.5 Nhb. Also written baer Nhb.1 A black-
smith's tool for punching holes in iron.
Nhb.1 To Robert Thickpenny, his servant, a pair of bellows, a
fore hammer, a nail hammer, and a baer, Will of Rd. Hogg, of
Newcastle (Jan. 3, 1502) in WELFORD Hist, of N ewe. XVI. Cent., 2.
[A bear is a powerful screw, working in a strong iron jaw, used for
hand punching (R.O.H.).]
BEAR, v. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Der. Lin.
Lei. Nhp. War. Nrf. Suf. Som. Naut. [ber, bea(r), bia(r).]
1. To carry.
Dur.1 Cum. Canst ta bear it, thinks ta? (J.Ar.) Lan. Wrung
day for bearin whoam, BRIERLEY Layrock ( 1864) x.
Hence (i) Bear 'em, vbl. sb. wood from fencing carried
off at the end of work time ; (2) Bearing, vbl. sb, a weaver's
burden, usually applied to the week's work when taken
back to the employer.
(i) e-An.1 As much wood from fencing as can be tied up and
carried off at the end of work time. Taken as a right in old times,
now often by consent. (2) Lan.1 He'd his week's bearin' upo' his
shoother. se.Lan. The word ' bearin ' used to be exclusively
confined to weavers carrying their pieces of cloth from their
cottages to their employers' places of business. The word went out
of use as hand-loom weaving became extinct, as is now almost
wholly the case, Manch. City News (Aug. i, 1896).
2. In phr. (i) bear the bell, to excel, to be pre-eminent ;
(2) — a bob, to aid, assist ; to be brisk, active ; (3) — a
bull's neck, to bear a grudge ; (4) — down, see — home ;
(5) — a hand, to help, assist ; (6) — at hand, to resent,
bear a grudge ; (7) — home, said of a weaver carrying
home his materials ; (8) — a part, to join in ; (9) — up,
to recall to memory; (10) — upon, to restrain oneself,
conceal one's real feelings.
(i) Rnf. An'aye amang the thrifty wives He says I bear the bell,
ALLAN Poems (1836) rai. Ayr. Thou, Toothache, surely bear'st
the bell Amang them a' ! BURNS Address to the Toothache, st. 5.
Lth. Kind and gentle was her nature ; At ilka place she bore the
bell, MACNEILL Poet. Wks. (1801) 126, ed. 1856. Nhb.1 Still Piper
Tony bears the bell, Joco-Serious Disc. (1686) 20. Lei.1, Nhp.1,
War.3 [In allusion to the first horse wearing a bell, to give
warning in former days, when roads were very bad and very
narrow, HOLLOWAY.] (2) Der.1 ' To bear a bob,' to assist or join
in singing. Nhp.1 e.An.1 To lend a helping hand, at the risk, as
it should seem, of receiving a bob, or blow. From ringers, who
have several sorts of bob, all, of course, involving the idea of a blow.
Naut. (.FARMER) ; We have a similar phr. in the nautical ' bear a
bob,' be brisk, N. & Q. (1890) 7th S. ix. 98. [HoRNE Table-
bk. (1827) I. 178.] (3) [GROSE (17901 MS. add. (H.) (M.)] (4)
See -home. (5) Sc. (JAM.) n-Lin.1 Cum noo, bear a hand, I can't
get this peace o' wood oot'n hohle by mysen. Som. W. & J. Gl.
(1873). [GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)] (6) n.Yks.2 I'll bear thee
at hand for't. (7) Lan. Gen., if not invariably, applied to a weaver
when carrying home his materials from the mill or the warehouse
(J.H. N.) ; Bearing home to this place was a pleasure, BRIERLEY
Layrock (1864) i; In the early part of the century, when weaving
was done by hand, the warps were fetched from the warehouse
and the woven cloth carried back every week. This was called
' bearin' down ' and ' bearin' whoam ' (S.W.). (8) e.An.2 A phr.
in ringing, or in music, gen. meaning to join vocally or instru-
mentally in the harmony. (9) n-Lin.1 1 knaw his naame well enif,
but I can't bear it up just noo. (10) Sc. (JAM.) Abd. He boore
upon him, and ne'er loot her ken That he was any ways aboot
her fain, Ross Helenore (1768) 33, ed. 1812.
[1. The begger diede and was borun (carryed, Tindale)
of aungels in to Abrahams bosum, WYCLIF (1388) Luke
xvi. 22 ; And on his bakke he bar . . . His olde fader,
cleped Anchises, CHAUCER Leg. G. W. 943 ; Al bat ten
camels moght ber, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 3248. OE. beran, to
carry (Luke xvi. 22). 2. (i) Whoso demaundes What dame
doth most excell; . . . Faire Bridges beares the bel,
GASCOIGNE Fair Bridges (1572) 4, in Percy's Reliques (ed.
1887) II. 152; Sen je bere of bewte be bell, Blythely
schall we bowe as je bidde, York Plays (c. 1400] 228;
Lat see which of yow shal bere the belle To speke of love
a-right, CHAUCER Tr.Sr> Cr. in. 198. (2) We'll sing it next
Sunday at St. James's Church, and I'll bear a bob,
FIELDING Amelia (1751) X. ii, ed. 1893, III. 75.]
BEARAWAY,s6. n.Lin.1 [bia'rawe.] A bat, vesper-
tilio. See Black Bearaway.
[The same as bear away (vb.), often used of the move-
ment of birds. The . . . bird claps his wings, and bears
away, BLAIR Grave (1742) 767 (N.E.D.).]
BEARBIND, sb. Also in forms barbine Shr.1 ; bear-
bine Chs.3 s.Wor.1 Hrf.2 Ken. (i) Bindweed, Convolvulus
arvensis (Yks. Wor. Shr. Ken.) ; (2) C. septum (Hrf. Bck.
Hit. Mid. Ken. Sur.) ; (3) the honeysuckle, Lonicera
peridymenum (Chs.) ; (4) Polygonum convolvulus (Stf.).
(i) s.Wor.1 Shr.1 Also called Devil's guts and Billy-Clipper.
Ken. Generally known as ' bearbine' (P.M.) ; Ken.1 (2) Hrf.2 Hrt.
Apply the rough part of the leaf bearbind to a green wound, ELLIS
Cy. Housewife (1750) 266. Ken. (D.W.L.); (G.G.); Ken.2, Sur.1
(3) Chs.13 (4) Stf. Reports Agric. (i793-r8i3)-
BEARD
[208]
BEAR'S EARS
[Bearbind, a species of bindweed, ASH (1795). Bear-
bind was also the name of the herb called knot-grass,
Polygonum mas, which, ace. to Gerarde in Herb, (ed. 1633)
565, was called in shops Corrigiola. Corrigiola, berebynde,
Alphita (c. 1450) 142.]
BEARD, sb.1 Sc. Shr. Dev.
1. A name given to the sepals of apple-blossom.
Dev. A Rockbeare man. age about sixty, said, ' I like the look
of your orchard, because the beards of 'em stuck out so nice and
stiff. The term ' beard ' seems to be applied to any kind of vegetable
substance which can at all be considered hairy -like. Reports Provinc.
(1893).
2. In phr. (i) to put one's beard in a blaze, to be in a great
rage ; (2) the beard won't pay for the shaving, it is not worth
the trouble.
(i) Sc. This put MacCullum More's beard in a bleize, as
gude reason there was, SCOTT Rob Roy (1817) xiv. (a) Shr.1
Peggy, the Maister's gid me that owd 'edgerow atween the barley
bonks for tatoes, if I'll rid it ; but I 'ardly think the beard'll pay
for the shavin'.
BEARD, sb.2 and v. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin. Shr.
1. sb. A hedge made by putting branches of thorns up-
right in the ground. See Bead.
n.Lin.1
2. Comp. Beard-hedge, see Bearding.
3. v. To trim a hedge, either by cutting it at the top or
thickening the lower part by putting thorns into it.
Chs.13 Shr. BOUND Prov. (1876) ; Shr.1 As the top of a hedge
is ' brushed,' so the lower part is ' bearded,' by putting the ' brush-
ings ' into the thin places. I've tined the glat, an' bearded the
bottom, so as the pigs canna proke through ; Shr.2
Hence Bearding, vbl. sb. (i) bushes which are put
into the bank of a new hedge to protect the newly planted
thorns; (2) making hedges of thorn.
(i) ne.Lan.1 Chs. Sheaf (1879) '• 2I1 ; A low hedge or fence
made of bushes stuck into ye ground w'h out stakes or binders,
w"* in Oxf. we call a foot-hedge (K.) ; Chs.123 (a) nXin.1
4. To put thorns, &c., on the top of a wall to prevent
sheep, &c., getting over.
Cum.1 Wm. We'll hev that wo' bearded (B.K.). ne.Lan.1
5. To make smooth.
w.Yks.2
Hence Bearding-stone, vbl. sb. a stone used by scythe-
grinders to make a scythe smooth after the grinding on
the grindstone.
w.Yks.2 The bearding-stone comes from Ashover, and consists
of fine hard grit. The application of the bearding-stone is a process
intermediate between rough grinding and the final glazing or
finishing.
BEARD, sb.3 w.Yks. A tip of metal on the end of a
knife-haft.
w.Yks. (H.W.B.) ; w.Yks.2
BEARDED PINNOCK, sb. The bearded titmouse,
Panurus biarmicus.
So called from the tuft of black feathers, resembling a moustache,
beneath the eye, SWAINSON Birds (1885) 30.
BEARDIE, sb.1 Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Also written
bairdie Sc. [be'rdi, bia'di.]
1. The loach fish, Cobitio barbatula.
Lnk. QAM.) Gall. Ye could hae catched bairdies an' young
puddocks, CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (1895) 397. w.Yks.3 Lan.
Science Gossip (1882) 164 ; (G.E.D.) [SATCHELL (1879).]
2. Comp. (i) Beardie-loach, (a) -lowrie, see Beardie.
(i) Lth. Beardie-lotch, so called from the six small fibres or
beards on its upper mandible (JAM.). Nhb.1 Called also the
' Tommy Lodger ' (q. v.). (2) Rxb. JAM.)
3. The bird whitethroat, Sylvia cinerea.
Sc. Its light-coloured head and neck feathers stand out more
thickly than is usual in other birds, SWAINSON Birds (1885) 23.
BEARDIE, sb.2 Sc. A name given to a jar.
Abd. Obsol. or 065. (J. F.) Per. Grey -beard, a jar with the figure
of an old man with long beard on it. Hence similar jars were
and are known as grey-beards, which, by familiarity, came to be
called beardies, and are known by this word pretty gen (G W )
Lth. Fetch doun the bairdie frae the press, Wi' rowth o' namely
cheer, SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 204.
BEARDLY, see Buirdly.
BEARED,!;. n.Yks. Wil. Cor. Past tense of to bear.
n.Yks.1 Wil. She's th' darlun' o' her as bear'd her, KITE Sng.
Sol. (c. 1860) vi. 9. Cor. She es th' chooice waun of she that
beered her, NETHERTON Sng. Sol. (1859) vi. 9.
BEARER, sb. Dun Yks. Lan. Lin. Lei. War. Ken.
Som. [bea'ra(r), bia'ra(r).]
1. A girder, a support to a bridge or other building
nXin.1, Lei.1, War.3
2. A floor of timber submerged in a ditch or drain to
make a drinking-place for cattle.
n.Lin. In one of the drains a sunken floor of wood called a bearer
PEACOCK K. Skirlaugh (1870) II. 89 ; n.Lin.1
3. A martingale, a bridle.
ne.Lan.1 S.LUH. A groom's word for the bearing-rein (F.E.T.).
4. A bier.
Ken.1
5. A person who assists in carrying a corpse to the grave.
In gen. use.
Dur.1 w.Yks.5 Bearers, the four men who bear the corpse to
the hearse, and from thence into the chapel, and to the grave ; gen.
amongst those who were in intimate friendship with the deceased.
n.Lin. ', Ken.1 w.Som.1 At funerals there are two classes of bearers.
The under-bearers,who actually carry the corpse ontheir shoulders,
and the pall-bearers, gen. friends not related to the deceased
person, who walk by the side and hold a corner of the pall in their
hands— the pall [pau-1] being thrown over the coffin and the heads
01 those carrying it. All this used, until lately, to be de rigut-nr,
but now it is becoming obs.
BEARING, vbl. sb. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Som.
[bea'rin.]
1. The block in which a spindle or shaft revolves ; also
the part of the shaft which touches a support or on which
it turns.
w.Som.1 A long shaft may have many bearings in it, as well as
under it. [Supports which are used for carrying or holding up
shafts or shaftings, and on which the shaft bears, Gl. Lab. (1894).]
2. A longitudinal course of vein of lead.
w.Yks. BAINES Yks. Past (1870) 20.
3. Comp. (i) Bearing-door, the main door in a pit,
which forces the air through an entire district ; (2) -feast,
a supper given to workmen when a building is completed.
(i) Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888). (a) Cum.
The Bearing-feast (the supper given to the workmen when the
roof of a building is raised) they could understand, LINTON Lizeie
Lorton (1867) xxxiii ; Bearing-feast is known among builders, but
little used, the usual word being Timber-rearing supper orTimber-
raising (J.A.).
4. In phr. to bring to a bearing, to call to account. In
gen. use.
e.Yks i MS. add. (T.H.) Not.1
BEAR IN HAND,//zr. Dor. Som. Also in form bean-
hond, bear -in -bond Som. [bea'n-aen.]
1. To conjecture, think ; to foresee; to hold or maintain an
opinion. See Barenhond.
Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863) ; Dor.1 Voke da beanhan' now, that
miaster's lot Wull be a-drow'd along wi what 'e got, 197. Som.
I do beanhond et'l rain zoon, W. & J. Gl. (1873).
2. To take notice of, to regard.
Som. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) (M.)
BEAR-LEAP, sb. Obs. Nhp. Bck. A large osier
basket to carry chaff out of a barn, borne between two
men.
Nhp., Bck. (K.)
[Sporta, a here lepe or basket, Ortus (1500) ; Barlep,
cumera, Prompt, (ed. Pynspn, 1499) ; Hishendeseruydin ber
lepe (v.r. bere lepe), that is a vessel in the whilke the iwes
bare mortere in egipt, HAMPOLE Ps. Ixxx. 6 (com.) (c.
JSS0)- Bear prob. the same as bear, vb.1 + leap (a basket),
q.v.]
BEAR -MOUTH, sb. Cum. Wm. The subterraneous
passage by which men and horses descend to a coal-mine,
iee Barrow-mouth.
N.Cy.1, Wm. & Cum.1
BEARN, see Bairn.
BEAR'S EARS, sb. Sc. Yks. Der. Glo. e.An. Primula
auricula. See Bazier.
Sc. A^. &Q. (1871) 4thS.vii. 350. w.Yks.3, Der.1, Glo.1 e.An.
N. & Q. (1871) 4th S. vii. 350; e-An.1
BEAR'S FOOT
[209]
BEASTLE
[Bears-ear (herb), Auricula ursi, COLES (1679) ; Gerarde
in Herb. (ed. 1633) 784, mentions seven kinds of Auricula
ursi or ' Beares eare,' of the nature of Primula veris.
Oreille if ours, Bears-ear, a kind of mountain cowslip,
COTGR.]
BEAR'S FOOT, sb. Also in form barfut w.Wor.1
(i) Aconitmn napellus (Not.) ; (2) Alchemilla vulgaris
(Nhb. Hmp.) ; (3) Helleborus foetidiis (Yks. War. Wor.
Wil.) ; (4) H. viridis (Glo.).
(3") w.Wor.1 The leaves are baked in the oven and used as
a remedy for worms. The long centre leaflet is removed, as it is
considered poisonous. Wil.1 (4) Glo.1
[(3) Bearsfoot, a species of hellebore, ASH (1795);
Black Hellebor ... is called in English, Beare-foot,
Setter-wort and Setter-grasse, GERARDE Herb. (ed. 1633)
977; Hellebore negro, called in English, Beares -foote,
Tetwort, FLORID (1611); Hellebotus niger, the hearbe
named beares foote, COOPER (1565).]
BEAR-STAKE, sb. w.Yks.2 A square block of wood
put under a grinder's ' driving belt,' to keep it steady.
BEAS, see Beast.
BEASLE, see Beastle.
BEASLINGS, see Beestings.
BEAST, sb. In gen. dial, use in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also written beas w.Yks.5; best Shr.1 ; bist w.Wor.1
In pi. written baes S. & Ork.1 N.Cy.1 ; baisn.Yks.2 ; beas
Nhb.1 w.Yks.5 ne.Lan.1 Chs.1 nw.Der.1 n.Lin.1 Shr.1 ;
bease Win. & Cum.1; beeas Cum.1 e.Yks.1 w.Yks.12
Lan.1 n.Lan.1 e.Lan.1; beece N.I.1; bees Nhb.1 Cum.;
beese Cum.1; beess N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Dur.1 ; beoss Wm.1
w.Yks.1
1. An animal of the ox kind as opposed to horses or
sheep. Freq. used as a collective sing, or pi., cattle.
Sh.I. An peerie Keetie's aa 'at's left At haem ta guide da
baess, BURGESS Rasmie(i8gi) 45, ed. 1892. S. & Ork.1 nw.Abd. Bin
up the beasts : pit girse in -the forestaa, Goodwife (1867) st. 15.
Kcd. Rin, laddie, rin, an' leave yer beasts, The wordle's at an en',
GRANT Lays (1884) 15. N.I.1, Wxf.1, N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Torn thor
beess, lad. Dur.1 Cum. Yan cannot gang to fodder sheep or
bease, GILPIN Pop. Poetry (1875) 206 ; When Scotch fwok starts
to pou their geese It's teyme to house baith nags and bease, Prov.
(E.W.P.); GROSE (1790); Gl. (1851); Cum.1 Wm. & Cum.1 To
th' fells they druive beath bease and sweyne, 170. Wm. One bease
has been dry ... a fortnurth or mair, GIBSON Leg. and ./Votes (1877)
67; Some weel taen views of nags an bease, WHITEHEAD Leg. (1859)
41 ; Hed cleaned a shuppen, foddered beease ur helped wi' soving
t'hogs, Spec. Dial. (1880) pt. ii. 37 ; Wm.1 Ye've gitten a gradely
beeast theear. n.Yks. Bud tokin' about beeas, TWEDDELL Clevel.
Rhymes (1875) 61 ; n.Yks.1; n.Yks.2 Horses an bais. ne.Yks.1
They're gran' beeas is them. e.Yks. He's sellin' a lot o' beeasts,
WRAY Nestle/on (1876) 127 ; MARSHALL Rur.Econ. (1788) ; e.Yks.1
w.Yks. His horses and beas dwined away an deed neabody knew
how, GRAINGE Pedlar (1866) 24 ; Sum sheep an' bease 'at wer grazin
near all leak'd up, Nidderdill Olm. (1873) ; All kinds of cattle are
known in Wilsden as ' beeas,' this word being used both in a singular
and plural sense. That's a fine beeas. Billy's a lot o' rare beeas,
Leeds Merc. Suppl. (July 18, 1891) ; T'beeas'll be sould first, then
t'sheep, then t'horses (F.P.T.) ; I'd read at a urchin suckt beeas i'
t'neettime, PRESTON Yksman. (1881)314; w.Yks.1; w.Yks.2 When
a butcher is said to have so many beasts in his shop, what is
meant is that he has so many cows, bullocks, &c., as distinguished
from sheep ; w.Yks.5 Lan. I con mexun beeos, kern un fodder
th' horses, BUTTERWORTH Sequel (1819) 16; Aw"l see wat mak o
beyse they han e this kuntry, ORMEROD Felley fro Rachde (1851) i ;
Lan.1 Dunnot ye kna 'at t'farmers ma's t'brackens i' t'back-end,
ut bed ther beeas's wi'? GIBSON Flk-Sp. (1869) 79. n.Lan.1,
ne.Lan.1, e.Lan.1 Chs.1 Fetch th' beds worn, it's welly milkin'
toime. A man's position and probable wealth is generally judged
by the number of cows he milks. ' Well, Jack, has ony one
caw'd wheile aw've been off?' 'Ah, a mon caw'd.' 'What
were he loike ? ' ' Aw hardly know ; he looked as if he met
keep eighteen beas an' two horses.' The farmer would quite
understand what sort of a man had called. Stf.1 I bought three
beast ; Stf.2 Jack, goo an droive them beas out o' th' clover. Theer
wur a lot o' very foine beas at Utcheter fair o' Wednesday. Der.
GROSE (1790-) MS. add. (P.) nw.Der.1 Lin. Some beast had brok
out o' Mr. Ward's crew, and there they was a-ramping about the
gardin, N. & Q. (1865) 3rd S. vii. 31. n-Lin.1 ' Beast' is often
VOL. I.
used as a plural for horned cattle ; the more common form is
' beas.' Them Scotch beas' was dear ; thaay'll eat their heads off
afoore gress begins to graw. sw.Lin.1 May be seen in any ad-
vertisement of sale of stock, as ' Three very fresh beast,' ' The beast
are all fresh, well-hair'd.' Rut.1 Paid (by the Churchwarden) to
the Inspectors for taking an account of the Beast, los. (17481.
Lei. There's a good few beast in my field (C.E.); Lei.1 Calves,
lambs, with plenty of good beast, Worth full five hundred pound
at least, Will of Sir W. Dixie. Did you go to see the wild beast ?
[animals in Wombwell's menagerie]. Nhp.1, War.3, w.Wor.1,
Shr.1, Glo.12 Oxf.1 Twenty fat beast, MS. add. Bdf. BATCHELOR
Anal. Eng. Lang. (1809). e.An.1 Suf.1 A bullock of any de-
scription— not, I think, a bull. A ' cow-beast ' — a cow fattening
for the butcher — not when in milk or breeding. Ess.1 I.W.1 ;
I.W.2 Bist thee gwyne to sar [feed] the beeast Jack? Dor.
BARNES Gl. (1863). Som. 'Tes my beastezes sure 'nough, that's
whose 'tes, RAYMOND Love and Quiet Life (1894) :°8. w.Som.1
Very seldom used as a sing. Wuur bee gwaa-yn wai dhai
bee'us? [where are you going with those beast?] When used
severally, which is not very often, this word becomes bee-ustez,
and more rarely bee -ustezez. D-ee meet dree bee'ustez kau'meen
au'n? [did you meet three oxen as you came onwards ?] A farmer
told me : Aay-v u-gid aewt tu wuur*keen u bee'us — doan paa*y ;
dhai doan kaum tu beef zu zeo'n bee u yuur [I have given up
working ' beast,' (it) does not pay ; they do not become beef so
soon by a year (as those not used for ploughing, &c.)l. Dev. 'Ow
minny baistes avee a-tiiked up tii Zmithveeld thease yer then,
maister? HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1893). Som. JENNINGS Dial. iv.Eng.
(1869).
2. Comp. (i) Beast-band, a chain for fastening cattle to
their stalls ; (2) -craft, farriery ; (3) -gate, summer pas-
turage ; (4) -graithing, harness for oxen ; (5) -house, a
cow-house ; (6) -housing, accommodation for cattle ; (7)
•leech, a cow-doctor; (8) -market, cattle-market; (9)
•provven, cattle-food; (10) -stang, a short stick thrust
through the legs of cows to hang them up by, when
killed ; (n) -time, feeding time for beasts, eight o'clock
at night.
(i) n.Yks.z (2)16. (3) w.Yks.2 (4) n. Yks.2 The wooden neck-
collar for the oxen. (5) Shr.1 (6) n.Yks.2 There's a good stand
o' bais-housing. (7) Shr.1 One Peter Braine, an excellent beast-
leech, GOUGH Hist. Myddle, 120. (8) Glo.1 (9) n.Yks.2 (10) w.Yks.
That stick hanging there ? that is the beast-stang, LUCAS Stud.
Nidderdale (c. 1882) 31. (n) Nhb. Till about eight o'clock, or
beast-time, RICHARDSON Borderer's Table-bk. (1846) VII. 243.
3. A horse.
Sc. By way of eminence, a horse is in Teviotdale denominated
the beast, no other animal receiving this designation. A man is
said to have both a cow and a beast, when he possesses a cow and
a horse (JAM.).
4. pi. A term for lice.
Sc. (JAM. Suppl.) Rnf. There's nae beasts in my heid this mony
a day, NEILSON Poems (1877) 52. Ayr. Flaffan wi' duds an' grey
wi' beas', BURNS To Beelzebub (1790).
5. Child's name for the devil.
Sc. (G.W.I
[1. Beasts or cattle, pecora, ROBERTSON Phras. (1693) ;
Beastes alone, nor horses alone, nor shepe alone . . .
wyll not eate a pasture euen, FITZHERBERT Hush. (1534)
62. 3. A beast for service, jumentum, COLES (1679) ; And
layed him on his beaste (on his beest, Wyclif, 1388), and
brought hym to a commen hostry, TINDALE (1526) Luke
x. 34. Wyclif (1382) has 'on his hors.' The Vulg. has
'jumentum.']
BEAST, see Beest
BEASTHES, see Beast
BEASTIE, sb. Sc. Nhb. A diminutive of beast.
Sc. Gen. used as expressive of affection or sympathy (JAM.). Abd.
'Twas dootless first-rate fun to you To squeeze the beastie i' yer
mou, OGG Willie IValy (1873) 38. Ayr. Wee, sleekit, cow'rin,
tim'rous beastie, BURNS To a Mouse (1785) St. i ; I doubt na, whiles,
but thou may thieve ; What then ? poor beastie, thou maun live !
ib. st. 3. Nhb.1
BEASTLE, v. Som. Dev. Also written beasle, beysle
Dev. ; beezle Som. [bia'sl, n.Dev. bi'sl.] To soil, to
befoul, to make filthy ; also used Jig.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (i873\ w.Som.1 Muyn un neet bee-usl yur
kloa'uz [mind and not soil your clothes]. Draat dhu chee'ul!
neef ee aa'n u-bee'usl uz-zuul au-1 oa-vur! [drat the child! if he
E e
BEASTLINGS
[210]
BEAT
has not befouled himself all over !] How thick pony do drow the
mux ; he'll beastle anybody all over, nif they baint awake to un!
Dev. 'l don't need to beas'le my fingers, SHARLAND Ways Village
(1885) 13 ; Dev.3 Dawntee beastle your clayne vroke, Sally ; yii
knaws whot trubbel I tiiked tu wash'n. n.Dev. Aw, Dame, doant
beysle'n all tha day, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) St. 91. nw.Dev.1
[Beast, sb. + -/<? (-el), freq. vbl. suff.]
BEASTLINGS, see Beestings.
BEASTLY, adj. Dev. Cor. Dirty, soiled. See
Baistly, adj.
Dev. I tell you, once and for all, I'll never dip the beastly thing
[a well] out as long as you're my tenant, STOOKE Not Exactly, i ;
He sed he'd furgot tu change his shurt, an if he'd got to feert [fight]
twud look bad to sea a baisly wan, n.Dev. Jrn. (Aug. 20, 1885) 6,
col. 4 ; Mary, dQee take tha billisesaway vrom thickee cheel. Her"th
aput tha nawse aw'm in 'er mowth an' made 'erzel za beastly's a peg,
HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 52 ; There's cabs awl awver thease yer
plate ; dawnt yO niver bring sich a beastly cabby theng tu me again,
ib. 59. Cor. N. &> Q. (1854) ist S. x. 179.
[Beastly or filthy, ROBERTSON Phras. (1693) ; From their
abominable and beastly touches, SHAKS. M. for Meets, in.
ii. 25.]
BEAST-MILK, see Beest.
BEAT, sb.1 Stf. Oxf. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also
written beet Dev. Cor. ; bete Cor.2 [bit, bit]
1. Turf pared off the ground for burning. See Beat, v.3
Stf., Oxf. To burn beate or peat, to burn turves for the im-
provement of cold and barren lands, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
Dev. The beat (that is the slight layer of turf which is spaded off
the land) is burnt, preparatory to ploughing for wheat, BRAY
Desc. Tamarand 7"<«/_y(l836) I- 348; MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796 .
n.Dev. Whare they be shooling o' beat, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 197.
nw.Dev.1 Wespeak of1 burning beat, 'not of 'burn-beating.' sw.Dev.
PENGELLV Verbal Pron. (1875)37. Dev., Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808)
II. 422 ; GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Cor.1 ; Cor.2 Turf cut and
dried, for burning at home, or in the fields.
2. Comp. (i) Beat-burning, sod-burning; (2) -burrow, a
heap of dry turf or sod ready for burning ; (3) -plough,
a tool for cutting turf; (4) -turf, see -burrow.
(i) Dev. The principal singularities of Dev. husbandry . . . are
the following : . .. the practice of ' beat-burning' for wheat and
turnips, MOORE Hist. Dev. (1829) I. 295; Reports Agric. (1793-
1813) ; Dev.1 Beat and Burning.beat is an agricultural operation,
which appears to have originated in Dev. and hence is called
Denshiring in many parts. It consists in spading, veiling, or
ploughing off the turf (spine) from old fallow lands, scuffling or
tormenting the sods so as to knock out the earth they contain ; then
laying them in heaps (beat-barrows) to dry, and burning them ;
finally, the ashes thus obtained are distributed over the soil pre-
viously to the operation of the plough, and are said to enrich and
meliorate it in a remarkable degree, partly perhaps by the salts
which they contain, and partly by disintegrating a tenacious and
clayey soil, and rendering it more pervious to moisture. Cor.2
(2) Dev. Heaps of couch grass, or other weeds, commonly called
' stroyl,' placed so to dry ready for burning, w.Times (Feb. 26,
1886) 2, col. 2. Cor.1 Farmers, a little before ploughing time,
scatter abroad their beat-boroughs, CAREW Survey (1602) 20, ed.
1769; Cor.2 (3) Dor.1 A turf-cutting tool, consisting of a broad
blade with a T frame and driven by a man's breast. sw.Dev.
PENGELLY Verbal Pron. (1875) 38. (4) Cor.1
BEAT, sb? and v.1 Sc. Irel. Lin. Also written beet
GAM.) N.I.1
1. sb. A small bundle of flax or hemp. See Bait, si.2
Sc. I harl't ye out tae the stennes as wat's a beet o' lint, an'
hingin' your lugs like a drouket craw, St. Patrick ',1819) III. 42
(JAM.). N.I.1 Ant. The name given to the bundle or sheaf, into
which it is made up when pulled from the ground. When steeped
and dried, the beets or sheaves are made into handfuls called
stricks previous to their being rolled or beaten and scutched,
GROSE (179°) MS. add. (C.) n.Lin. N. & Q. (1852) ist S. v.
375 ; n.Lin.1 Bind the femble into sheaves or beats, YOUNG Lin.
Agric. (1799) 159.
2. v. To tie up flax in bundles QAM.).
Hence Beetinband, vbl. sb. the strap which ties a
bundle of flax.
Ayr. (JAM.)
BEAT, v? Irel. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Stf. Nhp. Shr. Brks.
e.An. Sus. I.W. Wil. Som. Dev. [bet, beat.]
1. In phr. (i) beat the boundary, see below ; (2) — clots, to
break up the hard dry lumps of cow-dung, lying in a
pasture ; (3) — the devil round the gooseberry bush, to tell
a long story without much point ; (4) — the devil and Dr.
Foster, to excel, surpass ; (5) — my neighbour out of doors,
the card-game of ' beggar- my-neighbour' ; (6) — the streets,
to run about idly ; (7) — into any one, to make comprehend ;
(8) — out, (a) to thrash ; (b) to puzzle, put in a quandary ;
(9) — out the time, to while away the time ; (10) — up, to
get on.
(i) Stf.2 ' To beat the boundary" is used of an old custom of
defining the boundaries of a Borough or Township. Each year the
Mayor, Corporation, and other public officials would march in
solemn procession along the border-line of their district. The
observance contributed some merriment when an arduous official
would insist on literally fulfilling his duty, clambering over the
houses that opposed his progress and crossing the stream by means
of a plank. Shr. The old-fashioned Rogation-day procession of
parish dignitaries bearing long wands with which the boundary
marks were beaten, the company of little boys, who were made to
clamber over house-roofs and put into odd holes and corners, and
not unfrequently whipped at important points to make them re-
member, are well known in all parts of Eng., BURNE Flk-Lore
(1883-86)344. [Itwasa^tfw. custom formerly, and is still observed
in some country parishes, to go round the bounds and limits of the
parish on one of the three days before Holy Thursday, when the
minister, accompanied by his Churchwardens and parishioners,
were wont to deprecate the vengeance of God, beg a blessing on
the fruits of the earth, and preserve the rights and properties of
the parish, BRAND Pop. Antiq. (1849) I. 197.] (2) Wil.1 (3) Sus.1
An old man at Rye said he did not think the new curate was
much of a hand in the pulpit, he did beat the devil round the goose-
berry-bush so. (4) Ir. You'd beat the divil an' Docthor Fosther,
CARLETON Fardorougha (1848) 233. (5) Brks.1 (6) Som. W. & J.
Gl. (1873). Dev. I recently heard a woman say, ' I won't have my
children beating the streets.' This expression referring to children
running about the streets and playing with any others is, I suppose,
akin to the phr. ' beating the bounds,' Reports Provinc. (1893). (7)
Nhp.1 He is so stupid I can't beat it into him ; I can't make him
understand. (8, a) w.Som.1 Birds are said to beat out the corn
when they attack it while still uncut, (b) e.An.1 Ess. 'How
they can doe that there,' cried John, 'It wholly beats me out,'
CLARKE J. Noakes (1839) 23 ; Ess.1 (9) I.W. Terble hard putt
to it they be to beat out the time athout siling their hands, GRAY
Annesley (1889) I. 159. (10) I.W.2 How d'ye sim to beat up,
mayet ? [How do you do ? or How are you getting on ?]
2. To bruise the feet with excessive walking.
Nhb.1 Constant hard-working horses are subject to beat or
founder to their feet or leggs, Compleat Collier (1708) 34. n.Yks.
(I.W.)
Hence Beat, adj. bruised with walking or hard work.
Nhb.1 A bet foot. Nhb., Dur. A beat hand is a hand which, from
being vesicated or blistered with hard work, has festered, GREEN-
WELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849). [Horses with their hind legs much beat
at the hock, and termed cow-hocked, are most subject to this
affection [bone spavin], LOWSON Mod. Farrier (1844) 65.
[(6) pei . . . beten j>e stretis, WYCLIF Works (c. 1375) 152
(STRATMANN). (9, a) So she gleaned in the field untill
even, and beat out that she had gleaned, BIBLE Ruth
ii. 17.]
BEAT, v.3 Shr. Hrf. Rdn. Mtg. Som. Dev. Cor.
Written beet Dev. Cor. ; bete Cor.2 ; bett Shr.1 Hrf.1
Rdn. [bet, bet, bit.]
1. To pare turf off the ground for burning. See Beat,
sb.1
Hrf. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863) ; BOUND Prov. (1876) ; Hrf.1
Rdn. MORGAN Wds. 1,1881). w.Som.1 To dig off the 'spine 'or turf,
and then to burn it and scatter the ashes before ploughing. This
is a very common practice when hill pasture has become overrun
with objectionable growths, such as gorse, brambles, or ferns ; or
when moorland is first tilled. Dhik dhae ur klee-v-zu veol u vuuz
moa-rz, aay shl-ae'un u-bai't [that cleeve is so full of furze roots,
I shall have it beaten]. In other districts this process is called
Denshiring ; i.e. Devonshire-ing. nw.Dev.1 The field was baited,
you knaw. Dev., Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 422 ; GROSE (1790)
MS. add. (C.)
Hence (i) Beating, vbl. sb. (a) the turf or sod pared off
the ground for burning purposes ; (b) the act of paring off
the turf; (2) -axe, sb. a tool used in paring off the turf;
(3) -iron, sb., see -axe.
BEAT
[211]
BEAUTY
(i, a) Hrf.1 Putting fire to the betting. Rdn. MORGAN Wds.
(1881). (A) N.Cy.2,Mtg. (E.R.M.), Cor.3 (2) w.Cy. A largeadze.s
or6 inches wide, crooked and somewhat hollow, used for cutting off
the sods for burning, MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796). (s)Shr.1 Obsol.,
implement used to pare off the turf in the process of ' betting and
burning.' [ It resembled the ' flaying spade,' q.v.]
2. In phr. beat and burn, see below.
Shr.1 Obsol. An agricultural process adapted to the improvement
of rough grass land. It consists of paring off the surface soil with
an implement called a 'betting-iron,' collecting into heaps, burn-
ing it, and when in a charred state digging it a spade's depth into
the ground. ' It's a rough plack, but I'm gwei'n to bet an' burn
it ; the turf ess is capital for tatoes.'
Hence beating and burning, phr.
Shr.1 Beating and burning is still practised in the neighbourhood
of Minsterley. nw.Dev.1 Risdon (about 1630) speaks of ' beating
and burning,' and thus describes the process : ' Paring the grain of
their ground with mattocks into turfs, then drying and loughing
those turfs into burrows, and so burning them, and spreading their
ashes on theground so pared . . . ; which kind of beating and burning
is rare in other shires, and seems to be originally peculiar to this
county, being known by the name of Denshering in other counties.'
BEAT, see Beet.
BEAT-AXE, sb. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written
biddicks Cor.1; biddix Dev. Cor.12 A pick or mattock
used for paring turf. See Beat, sb.*
w.Som.1 Bee-ut-eks, bai-t-eks, biifeks, a kind of broad mattock
almost like an adze, used for beating. Dev. Fox Kingsbridge
(1874) ; Drashles, biddickses, and sholes, DANIEL Bride (1842) 179.
Dev., Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 422 ; GROSE (1790) MS. add.
(C.) Cor. We'll arm ourselves weth ugly things, Stoanes,
biddixes, and boords, TREGELLAS Tales (1860) 16, ed. 1865 ; Cor.1 ;
Cor.2 A double digging tool, one end pointed, the other flattened.
BEATE, see Bate.
BEATEM, sb.phr. Yks. Lin. The conqueror, one who
excels all others ; gen. used in cock-fighting.
w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.1 Hees t'beatem of au. n.Lin.1
[Beatem repr. Beat 'em, i. e. beat them.]
BEATER, sb. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lin.
1. A tool used for beating down soil, &c. into a hole ; esp.
for stemming a hole when blasting in rocks or mines.
Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. A blunt-ended tool used for beating, stemming,
or tamping a hole after the blasting charge has been put in ; it has
a groove upon one side for the pricker, which remains in the hole
during the process of stemming, NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888)
n.Yks. (I.W.) e.Yks. The earth would cleame to the beater, BEST
Rur. Econ. (1641) 107. w.Yks.1
2. A name given to various tools for beating or crushing.
Nhb.1 A stone used for braying sand. Yks. A platelayer's pick,
with which he beats the ballast under the sleepers to obtain a solid
foundation for them (B.K.). n.Lin.1 (i) A flat piece of wood with
a shaft inserted diagonally in its upper surface, used for crushing
the seed vessels of flax. (2) A stick with a knob at the end,
used for mashing potatoes. (3) The projecting pieces of wood
inside a churn. w.Som.1 Bee'utur, or bai'tur, the drum in a
thrashing-machine which actually beats out the corn from the ear.
BEATH, v. Shr. Hrf. Nrf. Suf. Ess. Also written
beethShr.1 [bi&]
1. To dry green wood by placing it near the fire.
e-An.1, Nrf.1 Ess. And after at leasure let this be his hier, To
beath them and trim them at home by the fier, TUSSER Husbandrie
(1580) 62, st. 9.
Hence (i) Beathed, ppl. adj. heated and hardened by
the fire ; (2) Beathing, vbl. sb. straightening unseasoned
wood by heat.
Midi. Meat improperly roasted is still said to be beathed, TOONE
Diet. (1834). (2) Nrf., Suf. GROSE (1790).
2. To decay, to wither.
Shr.1
Hence (i) Beethed, ppl. adj. decayed, withered; (2)
Beethy, adj. (a) of fallen leaves : withered, decayed ; (b)
sodden, flabby, overripe ; also of meat : underdone. See
Bathed, Bathy.
(iiShr.1 (2, a) Shr.1 Hrf. DUNCUMB Hist. Hrf. (1804-12). (6)
Hrf. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) ; Hrf.1 Also said of a person in
a slight perspiration ; Hrf.2 Limp or flabby as toast in cider, wet
and soft as hops.
[Take a feyr schoyt of blake thorne crabtre medeler or
geneper cut yu be same sesun and wyl bethed, Treaty se of
Fysshynge (c. 1425), ed. Satchell, 8.]
BEATING,/*?. ? Obs. Yks. Ken.
1. In phr. beating with child, breeding.
Yks. (P.R.) ; RAY (1691); BAILEY (1721).
2. Of the action of small flies : fastening on sheep,
where the shears have made a scratch.
Ken. YOUNG Ann. Agric. (1784-1815^.
[1. From beat, vb. in the sense of to throb, to move with
frequent and regular repetitions, used gen. of the heart or
pulse.]
BEATMENT, sb. Nhb. Dur. A measure of capacity
holding a quarter of a peck. See Beakment.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. Now Martin's cap's a tatie beatment, MIDFORD
Coll. Sngs. (1818) 22 ; Nhb.1 Formerly in gen. use in the district,
especially in the retail sale of vegetables and coals. The measure
was commonly made of wood staves hooped, with a division so
placed that at one end up a beatment could be meted and at the
other half-a-beatment. At Hexham the measure was double the
size of the Newcastle beatment ; hence the proverb, ' Hexham
measure, heaped full, an' runnin ower.' — ' Aa's still sair beset,
Coals is threepence a beatment, and nyen for te get,' CORVAN Rise
in Coals (c. 1865). Dur. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863) 167.
BEATT, see Bate.
BEAUFET, see Buffet.
BEAUMONTAGUE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Lan. Ken. Also
written bomontagu Nhb.1 A kind of putty ; see below.
Frf. At the Tay Bridge inquiry here, frequent mention has been
made of the filling up of blow-holes, &c. , in the columns of the
bridge, with a mixture which the moulders styled 'beaumontague,'
N. & Q. (1880) 6th S. i. 256. Nhb. In common use on the Tyne
(R.O.H.) ; Nhb.1 A mixture of tar and china clay, beaten up hard
and used in stemming acid condensers and stone acid tanks and
cisterns in chemical works. Lan. The word Beaumontague is
used very extensively, and is given to any plastic substance for
covering a defect in any material. ' He is rammin' it wi' boman-
tigue ' means that he is filling up or covering some defect ; not
necessarily 'scamping' (H.M.). Ken. At the S.E. Railway
works, at Ashford, some fifteen years ago, putty used to be called
' boormanteeg,' and the word was, I think, gen. used mockingly
when a carpenter employed the putty to hide defects in his work,
N. & Q. (1880) 6th S. i. 304 ; (D.W.L.) ; Rarely, if ever, used now,
but was very common. It was used in connexion with ' scamped
work,' and was also applied to the man himself in contempt for his
work (H.M.). [When I was a boy it was spelt as pronounced,
' bomentaig,' and was much used by painters, carpenters, and other
artificers whose work involved the filling up cracks, N. <5r> Q.
(1880) 6th S. i. 304.]
BEAU REYNOLDS, sb. Sur.1 A name for the fox.
See Mus Reynolds.
[Beau (as in ' Beau Nash,' ' Beau Brummel '), Fr. beau.
Reynolds is due to Fr. renard (in Cotgr. regnard), a fox,
assoc. in form w. Reynolds, the common surname.]
BEAUTIFUL, adj. Not. Lin. Som. Dev. and in gen.
colloq. use. Pleasing or good ; agreeable to the taste.
Not.1 Freq. applied to food, meaning delicious. n.Lin.1 Anything
pleasing or good without any relation to the artistic, picturesque,
or poetical faculties. Them's the bewtifullest pills I iver took ;
thaay run thrif one like smack. w.Som.1 Dhai brau'th yiie gid
mee, wauz biie-tipeol [they broth you gave me were delicious],
Dev. w.Times (Feb. 26, 1886) 2, col. a.
BEAUTIFY, v. Brks. To make one's toilet very
carefully.
Brks. Common enough, but I have not heard it lately among
natives (M.J.B.) ; Brks.1
BEAU-TRAP, sb. Nhp. Nrf. Slang. A loose stone in the
pavement, which tips up when stepped upon, and scatters
the dirty water collected under it over the pedestrian.
Nhp.1, Nrf.1 Slang. A town (Plymouth) where beau-traps under
water grin, Inviting gentle strangers to walk in, PETER PINDAR
Wks. (1816) I. 398.
[The word means lit. a trap for catching a beau (a fop or
dandy).]
BEAUTY, sb. Yks. Chs. War. Won Dev. Cor. and in
gen. colloq. use. Written booty- Chs.123 [bitrti, bu'ti.]
1. Used ironically, as a term of contempt, of a person
whose conduct is the reverse of beautiful.
War.3 He's a beauty — I wonder you're not ashamed to be seen
E e 2
BEAVE
[212!
BECHT
with him. ' 'Er was a beauty, 'er was,' spoken of a past servant,
would mean that she was impertinent and unmanageable, or
incompetent in a marked degree. w.Cor. She's a beauty without
paint or polish. I wonder she can keep such a beauty in her house,
she's a reg'lar bad 'un (M.A.C.). Cor.2 That beauty! You'm
a putty beauty !
2. Comp. (i) Beauty-house, a child's name for any box
or shelf ornamented in imitation of a cabinet ; (2) -spot,
a kind of pimple about the mouth ; (3) -water, early
morning dew.
(i) Chs.12 ; Chs.8 An expression used by children for any old
box, shelf, or out-of-doors rockery, or rather crockery, ornamented
by them with bits of glass, china, coloured stones, &c. (2) w.Yks.5,
Wor. (J.W.P.) (3) Dev.3 It is said if a girl washes her face with
dew in the early morning that she has ' rubbed en up wi' buty-
watter.'
BEAVE, v. Obsol. Ess. Of ducks : to dive.
Ess. (H.H.M.); Obs. (A.S.P.)
BEAVER, sb.1 Obsol. Sc. Nhb. Slang. A top-hat.
Ayr. Hey, brave Johnnie lad, Cock up your beaver, BURNS, 269
(Globe ed. ). Nhb. Wiv his beaver round and low, Little switch, an
thick surtou, OLIVER Local Sngs. (1824) 13. Slang. At one time
hats were made of beaver's fur — hence the name ; the term is
still occasionally applied to tall ' chimney-pot hats,' FARMER.
[A beaver-hat (K.).]
[Beaver, a hat of the best sort, ASH (1795) ; A beaver
(hat), pileus expilisfibri coactus, COLES (1679) ; Mr. Holden
sent me a bever, which cost me 4^ 55., PEPYS Diary (1661,
June 27) ; Up-on his heed a Flaundrish bever hat,
CHAUCER C. T. 272.]
BEAVER, sb? Obs. Lin. A term applied to fine
woad.
Lin. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
BEAVER, sb.a Dor. The underwood or bushes
growing by a hedge. See Beever.
Dor. The bushes or underwood growing out on the ditchless
side of a single hedge ; or the greensward beside the beaten road
in a lane, BARNES Gl. (1863) ; (H.J.M.)
BEAVER, see Bever.
BEAZE, v. Wor. [bez.] To dry in the sun.
Wor. An old woman who died about four years ago would say
' The banes [beans] are bazed down ov the sun ' (H. K. ). w.Wor.1
Them 'ops gets reg'lur beazed this 'ot weather.
Hence Beazy, adj. dried up, withered.
w.Wor.1 Them trees o' yourn wants waterin' ; this winder's so
sunny, thaay be quite beazy.
BEAZEN, adj. Lin. Bold. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.]
Lin.1 She's a beazen wench.
BEAZLED, ppl. adj. Ken. Sun Sus. Tired out, ex-
hausted. See Bezzle, v.
Ken. Beazled out (M.J.I. C). Sur.1 That young mare [meer]
was properly beazled after they journeys in the coal-team.
Sus. He went beggaren fer wurk an fur brencheese . . . till he cum
to Ol' Bill's doargran nigh beazled, JACKSON Southward Ho (1894)
I. 250 ; Dey sung an laffed an smOaked an onny stopp'd wen dey
was fairly beazled, it. 389 ; Sus.1 He comes home tired of an
evening, but not beazled like boys who go to plough.
BEB, v. Nhb.1 [beb.] To act as croupier in the game
of 'pitch and toss.'
Hence Bebber, sb. the person who acts as croupier in
the game of ' pitch and toss.'
Nhb.1 The bebber is one who gathers in the pennies ; gen. the
one who has lost and does this to earn something to start the
' school' again, should his employer win.
BEB, see Bib.
BEBBERAGE, see Beverage
BEBBLE, see Bibble.
BEBBY-BECK, sb. w.Yks.2 [be'bi-bek.] The water
ouzel. See Beck-bibby.
[Bebybeke, auis, Cath. Angl. (1483). Beck, the same as
beck (brook), q.v.]
BECALL, v. Yks. Lan. Stf. Nhp. War. Wor. Hrf. Glo.
Oxf. Brks. Hmp. I.W. Wil. Dor. Som. Also written
becaw, bekow Lan. To abuse, call names, rail at.
w.Yks.2 Lan. Who threped an' threped, and aw to becaw'd
me, SHADWELL Witches (j682) 103, ed. 1718; What art theaw
becoin' him neaw } BRIERLEY Layrock (1864) v ; I kon remember
e owd King George time ot jakkobites wur'n bekode, like us
jakobins ar' neaw, WALKER Plebeian Pol 11796) 17, ed. 1801 •
Hee bekows kings, and lets 'em deawn meekly, ib. 57. Stf
(H.K.1, Nhp.1 War. (J.R.W.); War.2; War.s I couldn't stop
in that 'ouse, the missus be-call'd me so. s.War.1 War., Wor.
'Er becalled me all the names 'er could lay 'er tongue to (H.K.).
Wor. 'Er fell on we, an knocked we about, an' swoer, an'
becalled we sheamful, Vig. Man. in Wor. Jrn. (Mar. 9, 1895) 4i
col. 3. s. Wor.1 Er becalled mu shamful ! se.Wor.1, Hrf.2 Glo.
I 'ev heard un becall the parsons sky-high an' all, GISSING Vill.
Hampden , 1890) I. 272; It be nation fine to becall others when ye
had your head wrapped up i' that black cloth and couldn't ha' seed
a ghost, ib. Both of this Parish (i88g) I. 117. Oxf.1 U bikau-ld uuy
shem-fl [A becalled I shemful]. Brks.1, Hmp. (H.C.M.B.) I.W.2
He becalled me everything he could think on. Wil. Now then,
Lizer, wen you've adone Becallin I, we thick are tongue, SLOW
Rhymes (1889) 120. n.Wil. Her becalled I at a terrible rate
(E.H.G.). Wil.1 Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863) ; Dor.» Som.(J.S.F.S.);
(F.A.A.) ; A woman describing the bad language of another said,
' She becalled me but everything,' meaning that no epithet was
omitted which would give offence i^G.S.); W. & J. Gl. (1873).
w.Som.1 Tu yuur ee-ns ee beekyaa-lud ur, t wauz shee-umfeol [to
hear how he vilified and abused her, it was shameful]. Uur bee-
kyaa'ld-n au-1 dhut livur uur kud laa'y ur tuung tiie [she called him
all the names she could lay her tongue to].
[This is only a modern use. In ME. the word commonly
meant to call forth, challenge. To becalle, prouocare,
Cath. Angl. (1483) ; Neuer-be-lese cler I yow by-calle If je
con se hyt to be done, Pearl (c. 1360; 913, in Allit. P. 27.
Be - + call.]
BECAM, v, Nhb.1 Past tense of to become.
[Thy sone . . . bycam man of a mayde mankynde to
amende, P. Plowman (c.) vin. 128; I lighted doun and
man becam, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 20531.]
BECAUSE WHY, advb. phr. Irel. Der. Ken. Som.
Also in forms becase Der. ; cos Ken. Because, for the
reason that ; also interrog. why ? wherefore ?
s.Ir. Quite melancholy . . . because why the river was flooded
and he could not get across, CROKER Leg. (1862) 269. Der.1
Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1 A very common controversy amongst boys :
' No it ain't.' — ' Cos why ? ' — ' Cos it ain't ! ' Ken.2 In answering
questions of a rude sort. w.Som.1
[I prey be take hit nouht in greue . . . Bi cause whi, hit
is clerkes wise, E. E. P. (c. 1305), ed. Furnivall, 125
(MATZNER).]
BECHANCE, v. Sc. Yks. Som. To happen, to befall.
Flf. It sae bechanced at that hour That . . . Dan George
Buchanan . . . was reading, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 75. n.Yks.2
Som. But I did just bechance to catch zight o' Solomon Moggridge,
RAYMOND Love and Quiet Life (1894) 50.
[All happiness bechance to thee in Milan, SHAKS. Two
Gent. i. i. 61.]
BECHATTED, pp. Lin.1 [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] Bewitched.
BECHE, sb. Nhb. Dur. w.Yks. Also written beache
w.Yks.; bitch N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Mining term: an iron rod
with a hollow cone inside, used for extracting broken
bore-rods during boring operations.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. A boring tool made of iron and having
some resemblance to the extinguisher of a candle, used in boring
for the purpose of extricating the bottom portion of a broken set
of bore-rods from a bore-hole, GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
w.Yks. (T.T.) ; The common word used by the workmen for this
tool is ' bitch ' (C.B.C.).
[For drawing up the rods, we have, to hold them, an
iron instrument called a bitch, and, for unscrewing them,
two more we call dogs, HOOSON Miner's Diet. (s.v. Boring)
(1747). Prob. repr. Fr. beche, mattock.]
BECHLE, v. and sb. Cld. (JAM.) [be'xl.]
1. v. To cough. See Baichie. 2. sb. A settled cough.
\Bech- + le, vbl. freq. suff.]
BECHT, sb. and v. Sc. Also written bicht. [bext,
biXt.]
1. sb. A loop on a rope or cord.
n.Sc. Pit a bicht o' the rope (W.G.).
2. v. To put a loop on a rope.
n.Sc. (W.G.)
BECK
[213]
BECK
1
Hence Becht, pp. tied.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; QAM.)
[The same as lit. E. bight. Bight (among sailors), any
turn or part of a cable or rope that lies rolled up, BAILEY
(1770). OE. by/it, a bend.]
BECK, sb.1 Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Not. Lin. Nrf.
Suf. Sus. Not in Nhb. [bek.]
1. A brook, a small stream or river.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) JI/5. add. (M.) ; They crossed more than one
brook or beck as they are called in that country, SCOTT Redg.
(1824) xv ; N.Cy.12 Dur. The line dividing the more northern
' burn' from the s.Dur. and Yks. ' beck ' is a sharp one. It runs along
the ridge between Wear and Tees from Burnhope Seat eastwards
to Paw Law Pike. The tributaries to the Wear, on the «. side
of this ridge, are burns, and the similar affluents to the Tees,
on its s. side, are becks (R.O.H.); This term, which is found
in Danish and Norwegian settlements in Eng., occurs about sixty-
three times in the county of Dur. In Nhb. it is represented
in the solitary case of the ' River Wansbeck,' and in this it is
questionable whether the second syllable is beck, HESLOP GL; Dur.1
Cum. Hooivver we sets sail doon be a beck side, FARRALL Betty
Wilson (1886) 108 ; Breck t'ice i't beck for t'coos to drink,
Borroivdalc Lett. (1787) 6, ed. 1869 ; An' she has tooket up the
beck, BURN Poems (1885) 242 ; (J.Ar.) ; He co's t'beck a river,
DICKINSON Cnmbr. (1876) 51 ; Gl. (1851) ; Cum.1 ; Cum.3 Change
is leetsome, if it's no'but oot o' bed intil t'beck, Prov. ; It was
tiet iv a meal-bag an' flung into t'beck, 158. Cum., Wm. When
he com at a beck, Jhwonny fell off at t'neck, Nursery Rhyme
(M.P.). Wm. I'll gang tul t'dippin dub i' t'beck en droon misel,
ROBISON Aald Tales (1882) 3; Scwores o" mucky becks, WHITE-
HEAD Leg. (1859) 18 ; A man liggin et beck, up ta his ee, CLOSE
Satirist (1833) 155 ; His eene's like cushat eene, by t'becks o'
watt'rs, RICHARDSON Sng. Sol. (1859) v. 12 ; We went to a spot
coad Greenige ... I nivver thout but I sud hae been ith beck,
WHEELER Dial. (1790) 107, ed. 1821 ; Wm.1 Yks. What sounds
might scare the hooting owl Or hush the beck below, MUNBY
Verses (1865) 18. n.Yks. Weshed doon t'beck, LINSKILL Haven
Hill(i8S6) xix; n-Yks.1 The Esk, after it has received Common-
dale Beck, Danby Beck, and two or three other and smaller
streams, is called ' T'Gret Beck ' ; n.Yks.2 A brig astride o'
t'beck ; n.Yks.3, ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. This is the common name for
streams, though some are worthy, notably the trout-streams at
Driffield, of being called rivers. Beyond this generic name,
they are all nameless, except when the name of the adjacent
village is added or prefixed for the sake of distinction, NICHOLSON
Flk-S/>. (1889) 52; MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788); THOMPSON
Hist. Welton (1869) 170; e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks. It's like th'
chap 'at saw his horse fall into th' beck. HARTLEY Ditt. (1868)
119; Moor like th' bed of a beck, ib. Pudditf (1876) 179; Our
rivulets are sykes, burns, or becks, N. & Q. (1870) 4th S. vi.
366 ; The smaller streams are called sikes, the larger gills, and
the largest, being gen. those which run along the dale, becks,
HOWITT Rur. Eng. (1838) I. 305 ; Lang gangs t'pitcher to th'
beck, But i! th' end it comes hoam brokken, Prov. in Brighouse
News (July 23, 1887) ; We can ayther gan doon to t'beck an'
ower t'brig, or cross a lile bit hisher up, LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale
(c. 1882) 32; Hlfx. Wds.\ (E.G.); w.Yks.1284* Lan. GASKELL
Lectures (1854) 20 ; Lan.1 When moor or moss do saffron yield,
And beck and sike run down with honey, Ballads (1875) 31. n.Lan.
T'bek's ranan vara strang (W.S. ). n.Lan.1 Humpty Dumpty lay
in a beck With all his sinews round his neck, HALHWELL Nursery
Rhymes (1842). Not. Only in local names (J.H.B.). Lin. ' Vox
agro Lincoln, usitatissima, Rivus,' SKINNER (1671) ; As I was
crossing the beck, 'twas so slape, down I coomed with sich a belk,
./V. & Q. (1865) 3rd S. vii. 31 ; Her as liv'd doon by beck, PEACOCK
Tales and Rhymes (1886) 97 ; Off we started for the beck, BROWN
Lit. Laur. (1890) 41 ; Loook thou theer wheer Wrigglesby beck
comes out by the 'ill, TENNYSON N. Farmer, New Style (1870) st.
14 ; I seed the beck coomin' down like a long black snaake
i' the snaw, ib. Owd Rod (1889). n.Lin. (E.S.); SUTTON Wds.
(1881) ; n.Lin.1 This raain hes fill'd all th' becks an' dikes ; ther'll
be sum banks brustin' or I'm mistaan ! sw.Liii.1 A beck runs
down the town-street. The houses all drain into the beck. In
the epitaph in Kettlethorpe Church, on Rev. John Becke, Rector
of Kettlethorpe, who died in 1597 : ' I am a Becke, or river as
you know, And wat'red here y6 Church, y» schole, y" pore.' e.An.1
Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) 28 ; MARSHALL Rur. Econ.
(1787) ; A wello' livin" waters, and becks from Lebanon, GILLETT
Sng.\Sol. (1860) iv. 15; Nrf.1 A beck is not a river where the
water first catches the eye, but a brook, where at a little distance
the broken banks are the conspicuous object, while the water is
often not seen at all. Snf. (F.H.), Suf.1. Sus.12 Dev. w.Times
(Feb. 26, 1886) 2, col. a. [(K.I]
2. Comp. (i) Beck-bibby, the water ouzel, Cinclus aqua-
ticus ; (2) -bottom, the low land beside a stream ; (3)
•brig, a bridge over a beck; (4) -ford, see -stones; (5)
•grain, the place where a stream divides, also the branch
of the stream ; (6) -hecks, a railing across the stream for
keeping the cattle to their portion of it ; (7) -hoil, the bed
of the brook ; (8) -nails, nails used for nailing spouting
for water-wheels, &c. ; (9) -rails, see -hecks ; (10) -sand,
river sand; (n) -shoot, the part of a stream where the
water falls in a cascade ; (12) -side, the bank of the brook ;
(13) -stakes, stakes driven into the bed of the stream for
various purposes; (14) -stan, the strand of a rapid river;
(15) -slang, the pole across the stream to prevent the
cattle of different owners from mixing; (16) -steead,
the bed or channel of the stream ; (17) -stones, stepping-
stones across the stream; (18) -straddler, the frog as it
sprawls when swimming ; (19) -streak, the direction in
which the brook stretches ; (20) -wath, the place where
the stream is forded ; (21) -wife, a woman who washes in
the stream.
(i) Lan.1, ne.Lan.1 ,2) n.Lin.1 (3) n.Yk».2 w.Yks. Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Aug. 22, 1891). (4) n.Yks.2 (5) Cum., Wm. In
Alston Moor all the nameless rivulets which afterwards unite to
form the rivers are called beck-grains (M.P.). Cum.1 (6) n.Yks.2
(7) w.Yks. (S.K.C.) (S)Nhb.1 (9) nita.1 (io)Cum., Wm. (M.P.)
(n) n.Yks.2 (12) n.Yks.2 w.Yks. One day he wor att'beckside,
HARTLEY Puddin' (1876) 155. n.Lin.1 (13) n. Yks.2 (14) w.Yks.1
(15) n.Yks.2 (16) n.Yks.2 w.Yks. On't craggs cloase a't side
a't becksteead, BLACKAH Poems (1867) 24. (.17) Cum. As hard
as t'beck-steans [very obdurate] (M.P.). n.Yks.12 w.Yks. Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Aug. 22, 1891) ; w.Yks.5 Therve boath seen her
cross t'beckstoes wi' t'barn i' her arms, 15. n.Lin.1 There was
a row o' beckstoans at th' boddom o' Cruchinland fer foaks to get
oher into Messingham parish by. (18, 19, 20) n.Yks.2 (21) Wm.
Thaet keep im es thrang es beck-wife, Spec. Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 30.
3. In phr. to be in the beck, to outrun the constable, to be
out at elbows.
Cum. He noo turn'd journeyman, an' went on tramp, but he
sune com bak agean, for he'd been i' the beck, BURN Fireside
Crac*(i886) 9; 'Whoar's ?' 'He's gean awa', he's been i'
t'beck' (E.W.P.).
[A bek, torrens, riuus, Cath. Angl. (1483) ; Out of be
water bai gan it ta, And ordand it to be a brig, Ouer
a-nother bek to lig, Leg. Holy Rood, ed. Morris, 82 ; Do
til thaim as till iabin in the bek of cyson, HAMPOLE Ps.
Ixxxii. 8 (c. 1330). ON. bekkr, a brook.]
BECK, sb? and v.1 Hrt. Sus. [bek.]
L sb. A kind of pickaxe or mattock.
Hrt.2 An instrument differing from a pickaxe or mattock only
by having its two ends about four inches broad, with which they
dig up the ground of hop-alleys, ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) IV. i.
16. Sus. (G.A.W.) ; Beck is the name for a narrow hoe. The
shape varies according to the size of the vegetable cultivated.
The purpose of the beck is to remove weeds by picking or pecking
them out of the ground, whereas a hoe cuts off the weeds and
goes less deeply into the ground (R.B.) ; Sus.1
2. v. To use the beck or mattock.
Sus.1
[OE. becca, pick-axe (JELFRic).]
BECK, sb.3 and v? Obs. ? Cant, [bek.]
1. sb. A constable. Cf. beak.
Cant. BARRERE & LELAND ; FARMER.
2. v. To imprison.
Cant. The writer . . . was becked, was asking here, and lay
two months in Starabin, READE Cloister (1861) Iv ; FARMER.
BECK, sb.* Stf. [bek.] The peak or ' beak ' of a hat.
See Beak.
n.Stf. (J.T.), Stf.2
[The orig. mg. of beck was a beak, a bird's bill. If
peacock and turkey leaue Jobbing their bex, TUSSER Husb.
(1580) 89. Fr. bee, a beak.]
BECK, sb? w.Yks. [bek.] A long narrow cistern
used in dyeing.
w.Yks. (S.K.C.) ; Beck is a vessel or trough, divided into
compartments, through which pieces are passed, after dyeing, to
BECK
[214]
BED
wash off superfluous dye. A constant stream of clean water runs
in at the shallow end of the trough, carrying with it the washing
from the goods. In former times the washing was done in the
becks or rivulets near the dye-works (J.C.).
BECK, sb.G s.Pem. fbek.] A place cleared of
thorns.
s.Pem. We want a piece of beck, we'll clear away these thorns
(W.M.M.).
BECK, sb.7 Obs.t Ken. A horseshoe.
Ken. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
[Among farriers, beak denotes a little horse-shoe, turned
up, and fastened in upon the fore part of the hoof,
CHAMBERS Cyclop. (1788).]
BECK, v? and sb? Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. [bek.]
1. v. To nod or bow the head; to curtsey, make obei-
sance.
Sc. And ay they bobit, and ay they beckt, RAMSAY Tea-Table
Misc. (1724) I. 9, ed. 1871 ; I keep the straight road and just beck
if ony body speaks to me ceevilly, SCOTT Midlothian (1818) xxviii ;
As in going down stairs he passed the shop where Dame Christie
stood becking, ib. Nigel (1822) iv ; You're as braw as Bink's wife
when she becket to the minister wi' the dish-clout on her head,
HENDERSON Prov. (1832) 13, ed. 1881. Abd. Patience could do no
more, it becked away, quite ; good manners and honesty followed,
THOM Rhymes (1844) 19. Per. He bowed an he becket, till by
a bit desk He had come to a safe kind o' anchor, NICOLL Poems
(1837) 104, ed. 1843. Lth. Ailsie beckit an' bowed to the leddy,
an' wished her a' that was gude, STRATHESK Blinkbonny (ed.
1891) 169 ; Ye cringing curs who . . . beck and bow for tyrant's
smile, McNEiLL Preston (c. 1895) 43.
Hence Becking, vbl. sb. bowing, curtseying.
Sc. ' A great deal of becking and beenging ' is a phr. still used
among the vulgar, to denote much ceremony at meeting, among
persons of rank, or those who wish to be thought such (JAM.). Lth.
O guess ye wha's gane a-beekin' an' booin', BALLANTINE Poems
(1856) 56. e.Lth. I hae nae parteec'lar likin for the Irish ; they're
unco guid at beckin an' beengin, an' that gangs doun wi' some
maisters, HUNTER J. Inwick (1895) 82.
2. Of a horse: to nod or jerk the head. Ofamuircock:
to cry and nod the head.
Slk. The factor's naig wantit a forefit shoe, and was beckin like
a water-craw, HOGG Tales (1838) 154, ed. 1865. N.Cy.1 Nhb.
The muircock he becks in his wild mossy hame, ARMSTRONG
Wanny Blossoms (1876) 2 ; Nhb.1
3. sb. A nod, a curtsey.
Sc. A weird old wife nodded and talked aloud to herself with
becks and courtesies, STEVENSON Catriona (1892) iii; We are
fain to make a baik and a bow, SCOTT Rob Roy (1817) xxvi. Per.
Wi' beck an' wi' bow, and wi' ' Goodness be here ! ' NICOLL Poems
(1837) 140, ed. 1843. Ayr- She'll gie ye a beck, and bid ye light,
BURNS Tarbolton Lasses. N.Cy.1 After she had made a beck to
the rest of the women standing next to the doore, SADLER State
Papers (1809) II. 505. w.Yks. Noo-dhin-maak- dhi bek [Now.then,
make thy beck] (C.C.R.). ne.Lan.1
4. The cry accompanied by the jerk of the head, of the
muircock.
Nhb.1 The muircock's beck could I but hear. ARMSTRONG Aid
Crag (1879).
[Beck, to make a sign by a nod, ASH (1795) ; To becke,
nuere, annuere, LEVINS Manip. (1570) ; And est and west
upon the peple I bekke, CHAUCER C. T. c. 396. 3. Nods
and becks and wreathed smiles, MILTON L' Allegro (1633)
28; A becke or nodde, nutus, BARET (1580).]
BECK, see Beak.
BECKER, sb.1 Nhb. [bekar.] A wooden dish.
Nhb. Gent. Mag. (1794) I. 13, ed. Gomme (1886) 14; GROSE
(1790) MS. add. (P.); Nhb.1
BECKER, sb? Cor.12 A species of bream, Sparus
pagrus.
BECKER, see Bicker.
BECKER-DOG, sb. N.I.1 [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] The grampus.
BECKET, sb.1 e.An. A spade used in cutting turf.
e-An.1 Nrf.1
[Beck, sb.2 + -et, dim. suff.]
BECKET, sb.2 e.An. [Not known to our correspondents.]
A sheath.
e.An.1 Knife becket.
BECKET, sb.3 Obsol. Lan. Nhp.
1. The front and brim of an old-fashioned bonnet, often
of silk, &c., drawn over wires.
Lan. Some foak say uz hur bonnet would look better if it wur
not so lung i'th becket, STATON B. Shuttle wi' tK Prince (1873) J6;
Fettlin at th' same time abeawt th' becket uv hur bonnet, ib. 19.
2. A mantelpiece. Nhp.1
[Beck, for beak, sb.1 -f -et, dim. suff.]
BECKET, sb* Obs. Cor. A kind of round fish.
Cor.2 CAREW Survey (i6oa\MS. add.
BECKETT, sb. N.Cy.1 [be'kat.] A little brook.
[Beck, sb.1 + -<?/, dim. suff.]
BECK-IRON, see Beak-iron.
BECKY, sb. Nhb. A wood-carver's seat, consisting
of a single leg with a cross-seat on the top.
Nhb. (R.O.H.)
BECKY LEAVES, sb. Dev. The brooklime, Veronica
beccabunga.
Dev.4 The plant is sometimes employed in fomentations for
bad legs, &c. It was the old name near Torquay (not a dozen
miles from the celebrated Becky Falls'). Obsol.
BECLAMED, ppl. adj. Yks. [bakle'md.l
1. Smeared over with dirt or grease. n.Yks.12, m.Yks.1
2. Flattered. n.Yks.2
[Be- + clamed '; see Clame, v.]
BECLARTED, ppl. adj. Sc. n.Cy. Yks. [m.Yks.
batla'tad.] Besmeared, bedaubed. See Clart.
Kcd. His clews . . . beclairtit i' the glaur, GRANT Lays (1884)
8. n.Cy. GROSE (1790); HOLLOWAY; N.Cy.1 n.Yks. I think
they've gitten some fresh whents of girse That macks them so
beclarted about the arse. MERITON Praise Ale (1684) L 157 ;
n.Yks.12, m.Yks.1
BECOME, v. Irel. U.S.A.
1. To look well in.
N.I.1 ' She becomes her bonnet,' means the bonnet becomes her.
Shure the creathur becomes his new shuit. [U.S.A. He becomes
that coat, CARRUTH Kansas Univ. Quar. (Oct. 1892) I.]
2. In phr. it well becomes, see below.
Tip. Ironical phr. 'Well becomes me,' &c., that is,' And a fool I am
for my pains.' It may govern a v. with to, expressing what it was
that was foolishly done ; as, ' 'Twell becomes me to have taken all
that trouble' (G.M.H.).
BECOMED, v. w.Yks. Lin. and in gen. dial, use in all
n. counties. Past participle of to become.
w.Yks. Wots biku'md.on im > (J. W.) n.Lin.1 What's becum'd o'
Soaphy 1 I hevn't sean her for years.
[It had becommed them a great deale better, to haue
punished their seruant, BARNES Wks. (1541) ed. 1573, 192
(N.E.D.).]
BECOMES, sb. pi. e.An. One's best clothes.
e.An.1, Nrf.1 Suf. In use here, but only among old people
(F.H.).
[From become, vb., as in the phr. ' her bonnet becomes
her.']
BECRIKE, inf. Nhb. An exclamation or oath : by
Christ !
Nhb. Becrike ! its warse than treason, BAGNALLSM^S. (c. 1850) 8;
Od's marcy ! wey, marrow, becrike, it's Lord "Size, Song (1806
in Tyneside Sngs. (c. 1872) 158 ; Becrike ! aw's up tiv every rig,
ib. pt iv. 73; Nhb.1 A profane exclamation which is often heard as
' becrikey ! ' or ' crikey ! '
BED, sb. Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
1. Comp. (i) Bed-board, a board to keep the clothes from
falling off the bed ; (2) -bug, the insect Cimex lectularius ;
(3) -churn, see below; (4) -eel, a species of eel ; (5) -faggot,
a contemptuous name for a bedfellow; (6) -favourite,
a person who is fond of lying in bed in the morning ; (7)
•fly, a flea ; (8) -flappings, the bedclothes ; (9) -hillings,
the coverlet or counterpane ; (10) -light, a flat candle-
stick; (n) -mate, a bedfellow; a bug; (12) -partner, a
hot water-bottle ; (13) -pay, see below ; (14) -pole, a bed-
post; (15) -post, in phr. in the twinkle of a bedpost, in an
instant ; (16) -ropes, see below ; (17) -rug, a counterpane,
a coverlet ; (18) -settle, a bedstead ; (19) -slip, the bed-
case for the feathers ; (20) -staff, a pole for tucking in the
bedclothes ; (21) -steddle, a bedstead ; (22) -stick, (a) see
•staff; (b) a bedroom candlestick ; (23) -straw, the straw
BED
[215]
BED
with which a mattress is stuffed ; (24) -summers, longi-
tudinal pieces under the centre of the bed ; (25) -twilt, a
bed-quilt; (26) -wound, a bed sore; (27) -wrist, a wooden
instrument for tightening the cords of old-fashioned corded
bedsteads.
(i) n.Yks. (I.W.) (2) Shr.1 s.v. Bug. Ken. The wood was full o'
bed-bugs (D.W.L.). (3) w.Yks.2 Bed-churn, the person who re-
mains longest in bed on the morning of Shrove Tuesday. The word
bed-churn is also applied to the boy who is the last to enter school
on the morning of that day. At Eyam this boy used to be tied
to a form or bench and taken to be ducked in a trough at some
distance from the school. (4^ Nhp.2 A species of eel found in the
Nen, as lying always in clusters or beds at the bottom of the river,
until they are roused by violent floods. (5) e.An.1 A wretched
substitute, no better than a faggot in the muster of a regiment.
Nrf.1 Nrf., Suf. HOLLOWAY. (6) s.Chs.1 Au- dhu laad z fin
wen-shiz wun prifi gild fur gy'efin up : wi)d nevur u bed-
fee-vflrit i)dh aays [Aw the lads and wenches won pretty good
for gettin' up : we'd never a bed-favourite i' th' hai'se]. (7) Som.
ff. & Q. (1877) 5th S. viii. 358 ; W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1
(8) n.Yks.12, ne.Yks.1, e.Yks.1 n-Lin.1 Yer faather's sich a man
for bed happin", I can't put him enew blankits on. (9) Der. RAY
(1691); N. & Q. (1873) 4th S. xi. 393; (K.) Lei.1, War.3 Shr.1
I remember the soldiers fetched bedding from Newton, for the
use of the soldiers there. They tooke onely one coarse bed hilling
from my father, GOUGH Hist, of Myddle (1700) 8. (10) Cor.3
(u) w.Yks. Se' the', se' the', lass, a bed-mate ! (W.F.) w.Som.1
(12) Hmp. Her feet be so cold I hev to give her a bed-partner
(W.M.E.F.). (13) w.Som.1 The allowance paid by a sick club to
a member confined to his bed ; this is reduced to walking-pay so
soon as he can get up. (14) w.Yks.5 (15) Jr. I seen all this in the
twinkle of a bed-post, YEATS Flk-Tales (1888) no. (16) n.Lin.1
The ropes which knit together the harden cloth, between the
bed stocks which supports the mattress. (17) ib. (18) Nrf.1
Ess. Gl. (1851). (19) n-Yks.1 (20) n.Lin.1 [U.S.A. N. & Q. (1889^
7th S. viii. 236.] (21) Ess. Monthly Mag. (1814) I. 498 ; Ess.1
Ken. An old bedsteadle and cord, Pluckley Poorhouse Ace. (1793)
(P.M.) ; Ken.1 Item in the best chamber, called the great chamber,
One fayer standing bedsteddle, one feather-bedd, one blanckett,
one covertleed, Boteler Invent, in Memorials of Eastry, 224. Sur.1
Sus. (J.L.A.), Sus.1, Hmp.1 (22) (a) Nhb.1 A stick used to
straighten the bedclothes in the box-beds, which used to be
common in the country. (A) n.Lin.1 Must I maake the shuts and
bring a bed-stick. (23) Sc. (JAM. Suppl.) (24) Wil.1 s. v. Waggon.
(25) n.Lin.1 (26) ib. (27) se.Wor.1
2. In phr. (i) to get out of bed backwards or on the wrong
side, to be irritable, ill-tempered ; in gen. use ; (2) to get
bedderd, to go to bed ; (3) to get into bed, to be brought to bed,
together bed of , to give birth to ; (4) to be put to bed with
a shovel, to be buried ; (5) bed-i-bo or bed-le-ham, bed-time,
go to bed.
(i) w.Yks.1 Thou's gitten out at wrang side o' th' bed. nXin.1
Nhp.1 You got out of bed backwards this morning. Nrf. (E.M.) (2)
Brks.1 Lets- get bedderd, an" zo be up in the marnin.' (3) Lth.
(JAM.) N.Cy.1 Assa, wor wife's getten her bed, mun (s. v. Bairns).
Nhb.1 Such a one has ' getten her bed ' is the universal term used
in speaking of a woman's being confined. Wm. Theear thy
mudd'r gat her bed o' the', theear she gat her bed o' the' 'at beear
the', RICHARDSON Sng. Sol. (1859) viii. 5. w.Yks. Tom Todd
wife's gett'n inta bed. — What's shoo gett'n into bed on ? [what
has she borne, a boy or a girl ?] (.lE.B.). nXin.1 She's just aboot
ready to get into bed agean, if her husband hes been e'Americaay
better then a twel'-munth. (4) n.Ir. An' she'll may be live happy,
in comfort, When I'm put to bed with a shovel, Ulster Jrn. Arch.
(1858) VI. 46. Slang. FARMER. (5) War.3 Now, then, Bed-i-bo.
'Get to bed — now do go to Bed-le-ham,' that was my old granny's
phr., and a regular country saying.
3. A litter for animals.
Oxf.1 Give her a good bed, MS. add. Dev. His 'bed'— the
space he selects to lie in for the day — is usually on the most level
piece of ground he can find in the copse, JEFFERIES Red Deer
(1884) vi.
4. The foundation wood or body of a cart or wagon.
Chs.1 The arms [of a cart] are the end of the axle or bed.
s.Chs.1 nXin.1 The piece of wood, which lies on the top of the
axle-tree of a cart or waggon for the soles to rest on. This is
also called ' packing.' Nhp.1 se.Wor.1 The body ; the wheels,
&c., upon which it is borne being called the carnage. Hrf.1
w.Som.1 The piece of wood bearing on the springs or axle of
a waggon upon which rests the body. [(K.)]
5. Comp. Bed-piece, that part of the framework of a cart
into which the arms of the axle are laid.
ne.Yks.1, w.Som.1
6. The under-part of a plough. Also called slade.
Oxf. Not so much used as formerly when wooden ploughs were
in vogue ; then it was the word invariably used (J.E.). w.Som.1
The part which slides along the bottom and side of the furrow,
and has to endure the grind and wear more than any part except
the share. It forms a kind of runner or wearing part, and is
bolted to the breast. In old wooden ploughs or Nanny-sulls it was
an iron plate nailed on to the breast. Called also, and very
commonly, the ' landside."
7. The womb or uterus of an animal.
Chs.1, e.An.1 Nrf., Suf. HOLLOWAY.
8. A fleshy piece of beef cut from the upper part of the
leg and bottom of the belly. Also called Bed-piece.
w.Yks. (J.W.), Chs.1, Stf.12 Lei.1 The method of cutting up
the carcass which gives the ' bed ' is, I am told, peculiar to the
midl. and n. counties. Nhp.1 War.2; War.3 The bed of beef is
a favourite joint at rustic festivities, such as Rent dinners, Vestry
dinners, &c. Shr.12, e.An.1 Nrf., Suf. HOLLOWAY. Hmp. The
silver-side is the outer cut, and the bed the inner (W.M.E.F.).
9. The under-side of the stratum in a rock ; a seam in
rock or clay ; also the base of a stone inserted in a wall
or foundation.
Nhb.1 w. Yks.1 Let it hev plenty o' bed. Chs.1 In building with
Chs. sandstone it is advisable, if not absolutely necessary, to place
the stones on their natural bed, otherwise the surface is apt to
split and fall off. Architects stipulate in their specifications that
this shall be done. n-Lin.1 There's no iron to speak on e' th'
second bed. Nhp.1, War. (J.R.W.) w.Som.1 It is a condition in
most contracts for walling that the stones shall be 'well bedded in
good mortar and laid upon their own proper beds ' — that the stones
shall be placed in the wall in the line of their stratification.
A good mason can tell which is the bed or under side of a stone,
from that which was uppermost while yet in the rock.
10. Comp. (i) Bed-joints, a natural fissure or line of
separation of the stone as it lies in the bed of rock ; (2)
-stone, the nether mill-stone.
(i) Wm.1, ne.Lan.1 (2) Wil. The nether mill-stone, the upper
being the ' runner,' JEFFERIES Gt. Estate (1880) 164, ed. 1881.
11. The divisions into which land is ploughed, as dis-
tinct from a ridge or furrow. War.3
12. An anthill. Nhp.2
13. A heap of hay.
Hrf. The clover ... is then turned, and placed successively in
rows, small cocks, beds, and large cocks, MARSHALL Review (1818)
II. 342-
BED, v.1 Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Chs. Lin. Nhp. War.
Brks. Suf. Som.
1. To go to bed.
Sc. ' Is Helen bedded ? ' Andrew gave a glance at the bed
where the three girls were sleeping, SETOUN Sunshine (1895^ 62 ;
Even Birse had twice or thrice to bed with me, BARRIE Minister
(1891) x ; I daurna let you in till I'm sure the mistress is bedded,
ib. xl. Gall. So we bedded without sound of singing or voice of
prayer, CROCKETT Moss-Hags (1895) iii. n.Lin.1 When female
virtue beds with manly worth, We catch the rapture and we spread
it forth. Bell Inscript. Kirton-in-Holland.
2. To put to bed.
Abd. Kind was the lady, . . . And bedded me wi' her ain dother
braw, Ross Helenore (1768) 97, ed. 1812. Fif. Lie there, Dame
Puck, and bed thee well In the snug durance of thy penal dish,
TENNANT Anster (1812) 146, ed. 1871 ; Ye bedded them early
the nicht, surely '—They've been awfu' dowie a' day, sae I put
them to bed after tea-time, ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 78. Rnf.
Ye'll aye be at hame at e'en To wash and bed the weans, BARR
Poems (1861) 104.
Hence (i) Bedded, ppl. adj. bedridden; (2) Bedding,
vbl. sb. an old custom of putting the bride and bridegroom
to bed.
(i) e-An.1 Suf. He is bedded (F.H.). (2) Nhb., Dur. But feast
and fun and fuddled heeds, The stockin'-thrawin' and the bed-
din', WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) 55.
3. To lodge.
w.Som.1 Uur teok-n een tu bai'd-n boa-urd [she took him in to
lodge and board]. Nobody can't never 'vord to bed-n and board-n
vor dree shillins a week, a gurt hard bwoy like he.
BED
[216]
BEDERD
4. To lay litter for horses or cattle.
Sc. (JAM.) Chs.1 ' To bed th' beds ' is to give them fresh straw.
n.Lin.1 Noo then, get them beas' bedded, it's omust neet. War.
(J.R.W.)
Hence Bedding, vbl. sb. stable litter.
n.Yks. Give t'horses some beddin' (I.W.). Chs.1 n.Lin.1 We
mun thresh next weak or we sha'nt hev noa beddin' for th' herses.
War. (J.R.W.)
5. To lay a stone evenly in building ; to lie flat, close.
e.Yks. The wette strawe coucheth better and beddes closer,
BEST Rur. Econ. (1641) 144. n-Lin.1 If them stoans isn't dresst
square they weant bed reight, Thoo mun waiter that thack well,
or it weant bed to noa meanin'. Nhp.1 Bed that stone well.
w.Som.1
6. Fig. To become adapted to, to fit comfortably.
n.Lin. New boots duzn't bed well to a body's feet, Lin. N. & Q.
(July, 1890).
[2. He beddide Saul in the solere, and he slepte,
WYCLIF (1382) i Sam. ix. 25. (2) A circumstantial de-
scription of the wedding, bedding, and throwing the
stocking, SCOTT Nigel (1822) xxxvii.]
BED, v.2 ne.Lan.1 [bed.] Past tense of to bid.
[Ho me hit bed (she offered it to me) wit-outen blyn,
Cursor M. (c. 1300) 881. OE. bead, pret. of beodan, to
offer.]
BEDABBER, v. Cor. Also in form bejabber Cor.1
To fade by keeping in the hands.
Hence Bedabbered, ppl. adj. faded.
Cor.1 Your flowers are bedabbered ; Cor.2 MS. add.
BEDAD, int. Irel. An exclamation, a disguised oath.
Ir. Bedad, ye're taking care of yourself, anyhow, Paddiana
(1848) I. 54; Bedad, what Kit says is thrue, TROLLOPE Land
Leaguers (1885) 65; (G.M.H.) ; (W.H.P.); Bedad, we'd the
whole of it settled an' planned, BARLOW Bog-land (1892) 9, ed.
1893.
BEDAFF, v. n.Yks. [bida'f.] To confound or stupefy.
See Daff, sb.
n.Yks.2 It's a noise that be-daffs fooaks.
Hence Bedafted, ppl. adj. bewildered.
n.Yks.2
[Beth nat bidaffed for your innocence, CHAUCER C. T. E.
1191.]
BEDAG, v. Nhp.2 [bidee'g.] To bespatter with mois-
ture. See Dag, v.
[I bedagge, I araye a garment aboute the skyrtes with
myre, j'e crotte, PALSGR. (1530). Cp. COTGR. : Crotte, be-
daggled.]
BED-ALE, sb. Som. Dev. Cor. [be'd-eal.] A feast
given in celebration of a birth ; the word is sometimes
erroneously applied to the liquor prepared at such a feast.
w.Cy. GROSE ^1790) Suppl. w.Som.1 The liquor usually pre-
pared for these occasions is never bed-ale, but Groaning-drink.
n.Dev. Ye simmered upon wone tether up to Grace VrogwilPs
bed-ale, Exm. Crtshp. (1746) 1. 564 ; Joe, drinking bed-ale wort
next day, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 103. Cor.12
BEDANGED, int. e.Yks. Som. [bida'rjd, bidavrjd.]
An expletive of determination or dismay.
e.Yks.1 Be-dang'd ! if Ah decant gan ! Be-dang'd ! that's
waast news of all ! w.Som.1 Beedang-d eef aay diie ! [bedangd
if I do !]
BEDDED, ppl. adj. Lin. Of growing corn, &c. : matted
and tangled by climbing weeds.
n.Lin.1 swXin. The barley's gotten that bedded you can't
get the reaper through it ' (R.E.C.).
BEDDER, sb.1 OAs. ? Lan. An upholsterer.
Lan. PEGGE Anecd. (1803) 276, ed. 1844.
[Bedder, upholsterer; see Oxford City Rec. (1554), ed.
Turner, 218; In primis vj bayes of the bedders con-
teynyng in lenght' xxix yerdes, Nott. Rec. (1516) ed.
Stevenson, III. 349.]
BEDDERING, prp. Chs.1 Bellowing.
BEDDIE, sb. Sc. [be'di.]
1. A small bed.
n.Sc. Come, ma bonnie doo, an a'll pit ye t'yer ain beddie
(W.G.). ne.Sc. I took him up an' cairrit him into the closet
beddie. GRANT C/iron. Keckleton, 97.
2. Comp. Beddy-ba', a cradle, child's cot.
n.Sc. Come awa', ma dawtie, ye'r jist dead-gane wi' sleep, an'
a'll put ye t'yer bonnie beddie-ba' (W.G.). Per. (G.W.) Lth.
Sac cosy in yer beddy-ba', Crawin' to yer mammy, SMITH Merry
Bridal (1866) 50.
[Bed+-ie(-y).}
BEDDINER, sb. Obs.'i Der. An upholsterer, one
that sells bedding.
Der. PEGGE Anecd. (1803) 276, ed. 1844 ; Der.1
[Bedding + -er, a suff. often occurring in words denoting
trade or occupation, e. g. draper, carpenter, grocer]
BEDDY, adj.1 Nhb. Dut. Cor. [be'di.] Of stone: in
soft layers ; liable to split.
Nhb.1 ' Beddy freestone ' is thus distinguished from a compact,
granular deposit. Nhb.. Dur. Yellow freestone, mild, beddy,
Borings (1878) I. 8. Cor. He may discover that the piece of
granite's beddy, BARING-GOULD ./?. Cable (1889) 316; Cor.3 Apiece
of granite, which has natural cleavages in it, is ' beddy.' The word
only means liable to split when the liability arises from this
particular cause.
BEDDY, adj.2 Sc. Irel. [be'di.]
1. Greedy, covetous of trifles.
Sc. Breeding wives are aye beddie, KELLY Coll. Prov. (1721)
148; GROSE (.1790) MS. add. (C.) N.I.1 You're very beddy.
Uls. A menial servant who would reject food served up a second
time, on the ground that it was not considered good enough for
him, would be considered very beddy, A'. & Q. (1874) 5th S. ii.
98 ; A bed-rid or sick person is sometimes seized with an earnest
longing for particular kinds of food ; so that any person with such
longing (esp. in relation to food) is beddy or sick-like, Ulster Jm.
Arch. (1859) VII. 175.
2. Conceited, self-sufficient, saucy, forward.
Sc. If my puppies ance were ready, They'll be baith clever, keen
and beddy, WATSON Coll. (1706) I. 70 fjAM.). Uls. ./V. & Q.
(1874) 5th S. i. 245 ; (M.B.-S ) ; Ulster Jrn. Arch. (1858) VI. a8a.
BEDE, int. Obsol. n.Lin.1 An exclamation to horses ;
go to the right.
BEDE, see Bead.
BEDEAD, adj. Cor. Written bedded Cor.2 [bade'd.]
Dull, heavy, in low spirits, worn out.
Cor.2 MS. add.; Cor.3 I've had such a walk, I'm regular bedead
[killed].
[A contain, of bedeaded w. lit. E. dead. Bedeaded (not
much used), made dead, ASH (1795).]
BEDEET, v. Lan. Chs. [badrt] To dirty or foul.
Chs.3 It is an ill bird that bedeets its own nest.
Hence Bedeet, ppl. adj. dirtied, covered with dirt.
Lan. I fun mysel' asleep next morn graidly bedeet in th' dyk o"
th' old garth, THORNBER/V«KySto»«(i845) 31, ed. 1886. ne.Lan.',
Chs.12, s.Chs.1
[Be- + deet, vb. (to dirty), q.v.]
BEDE-HOUSE, see Beadhouse.
BEDENE, adv. Obs. Sc. Nhb. Also written bedeen
Sc. ; bidene Nhb. [bidrn.] Immediately, forthwith,
quickly. Often used in poetry as a rime word, or to fill
up the line, as a mere expletive.
Sc. She spoke to him, she sang to him ; Sae fey he grew bedeen,
JAMIESON Pop. Ballads (1806) 230; And then returned hame
bedeen, RAMSAY Tea-Table Misc. (.1724) II. 216, ed. 1871 ; GROSE
(1790) MS. add. (C.) Abd. They're clapped up into their hole
bedeen, Ross Helenore (1768) 56, ed. 1812 ; Nae wishy-washies,
lad, lat's hear bedeen ; Ye've news I'm sear, SHIRREFS Poems
(1790) 31. Fif. Horses in haste were order't now, And whips and
spurs bedien, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 59. Rnf. Ye'll baith come
owre on Friday bedeen, TANNAHILL Poems (1807) 258. Lnk.
Then wad he gar his butler bring bedeen The nappy bottle ben,
RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725) 44, ed. 1783 ; Did gang to drink bedeen,
ib. Poems (1721) 17. Dmf. Fowk stoiter'd frae a' airths bedeen,
MAYNE Siller Gun (1808 70. n.Cy. Border Gt. (Coll. L.L.B.)
Nhb. They're ridden after them bidene, DIXON Sngs. Peas. (1846)
123, ed. 1857.
[With lordes, and with knightes kene, And of>er doghty
men bydene, MINOT Brabant (c. 1352) B. 53, in Spec.
E. E. II ; Outsend }>i gaste and made }>ai sal bene, And
new saltou be face of erthe bidene, Ps. (c. 1290) ciii. 30, ed.
Surtees Soc.]
BEDERD, int. Stf. [Not known to our correspondents.]
An expletive, a slight oath.
Stf.2 It is also used personally, • I'll be derd,' in the same sense.
Bidsrd if je san dau it weil oi'm livin.
BEDERUP
[217]
BEDLIER
BEDERUP, see Bedrip.
BEDEVILED, ppl. adj. Evil disposed.
n Yks. Fairly common (R.H.H.) ; (T.S.^ ; n.Yks.2
BEDFAST, adj. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Stf. Not. Lin. Lei. War. [be-dfast.] Confined to one's
bed by illness, either temporary or permanent ; bedridden.
Sc. He saw his wife's mother bedfast, HENDERSON St. Matt.
(1862) viii. 14. Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892) ; GROSE (1790) MS.
add. (.C.1 Nhb.1 Cum., Wm. (M.P.) Yks. My old woman is
bedfast, GASKELL Sylvia ( 1863) ii. n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1 Sha's been
bedfast sen Tho'sda. e.Yks. To his great surprise he saw his uncle,
who had long been ' bed-fast ' in the room above, seated in his
former place by the 'neukin,' HENDERSON Flk-Lore( 1879)!; e.Yks.1
MS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Aug. 32, 1891);
w.Yks.23 Lan. Poor owd craiter ! Hoo's bin bedfast a good while,
WAUGH C/iimn. Corner (1874) 219, ed. 1879. e.Lan.1, Chs.13,
s.Chs.1 Stf.1 ; Stf.2 Hei's bin bedfast fur mony a wlk, bur hel's on
th' turn naa. Not. My mester's been bedfast since last Goose-
Fair L.C.M.). s.Not. He wor ill, but not so as he wor bedfast,
Not. Guardian (Nov. 27, 1895); (J.P.K.) nXin.1 He couldn't cum,
he'd been bedfast iver sin' Lammas. sw.Lin.1 He's been bedfast
these six days. The doctor goes to them as are bedfast. She was
bedfast weeks last back-end. Lei.1, War. (J.R.W.), War.3
[Cp. LG. beddefast, bedridden (BERGHAUS) ; MDu.
beddevast, confined to bed (VERDAM). Bed '+ fast, as in
steadfast, shamefast.}
BED -FURZE, sb. Hmp. The dwarf furze, Ulex nanus.
Hmp. WISE New Forest (1883) 280; Hmp.1
BEDGIN, see Bedgown.
BEDGOWN, sb. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Oxf.
Brks. Also written bedgin s.Chs.1 ; bed-goon Nhb.1
Cum.3 ; beggown Oxf.1
1. A nightdress.
Oxf.1 Beg'gyuuwn. Brks.1
2. A short, loose-fitting jacket, worn by women when
working.
Nhb. She wore the working costume of her district — the short,
dark winsey petticoat, worsted stockings, and brass-buckled clogs ;
the print bedgown, with frills about the waist, elbows, and throat,
Tynedale Studies (1896) Ruined; She wore a short jacket of
pink print (called a bedgown in those parts), CLARE Love Lass
(1890) I. 51 ; On the Ropery banks Jenny was sitting— She had
on a bed-gown just new, ROBSON Sngs. of Tyne (1849) 137 ; The
women [in Keeldar] had no other dress than a bedgown and petti-
coat, SCOTT Diary (at Alnwick, Oct. 7, 1827) in LOCKHART'S Life,
Ixxiv ; Nhb.1 Cum. Mey bed-gown dark he oft meade wheyte,
ANDERSON Ballads ^1808) 80, ed. 1840; Aw t'women fwok hed
bedgoons lang Wi' tails 'at to their knees hung doon, RICHARDSON
Talk (1876) 2nd S.. 58 ; Cum in an catcht her wid her bedgoon
sleeves rowlt up under her oxters, SARGISSON Joe Scoap (1881)
68. Cum.1; Cum.3 Van o them skipjacks o' fellows 'at ye see
weearin a lal jacket like a lass's bed-goon, 10. Cum., Wm. A
jacket of coloured print worn by country girls, confined at the
waist by an apron string, over a black petticoat, was light and
easy for work in warm weather. A longer bedgown was worn
by elderly women at an earlier period in the century, while printed
cottons were dear (M.P.). w.Yks. Without anything on her head,
in her short bedgown and wooden clogs, Howrrr Rur. Eng.
(1838) I. 310. Lan. A tall gaunt old woman, wearing a print bed-
gown, a red petticoat, WESTALL Birch Dene (1889*1 1. 271 ; Old Betty
in her red bed-gown, standing near the blazing fire, ib. 277. Chs.1
The general working dress of farm women servants, and indeed of
farmers' wives and daughters when at their work, some thirty or
forty years ago. It is out of fashion now, and almost obs. The
bedgown was never used to sleep in, as its name might seem to
imply; Chs.3 It is a short gown open in front, tied at the waist,
in fact an upper jacket to the striped linsey petticoat, gen. red and
black, or blue black, and worn everywhere except in bed. s.Chs.1
This dress is now almost obs.
BED-HOUSE, see Beadhouse.
BEDIGHT, ppl. adj. Obsol. n.Yks. Sus. Also in form
bedighted Sus. Bedecked, arrayed.
n.Yks. Only used by very old natives indeed. She were all bc-
dight with fluwers (R.H.H.) ; A gaily dressed girl would be said
to be ' bedight ' (G.W.W.) ; n.Yks.2 Sus. A footy lither lass be-
dighted up in a chess [shawl], JACKSON Southward Ho (1894) I.
200; (R.H.C.).
[All the ground, with pretious deaw bedight, SPENSER
F. Q. in. vi. 43 ; His ftayre perkes were . . . lothlych
VOL. I.
bydyght, Sir Degrevant (c. 1430) 144. The form bedighted
occurs in MILTON : Whose outward garment hath bin
injur'd and ill bedighted, Apol. Smect. (1642) in Wks.
(1851) 269 (N.E.D.). Be- + dighl (to prepare), q.v.]
BEDIZEN, v. Yks. Der. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] To dirty, to cover with dirt, &c.
w.Yks. He wor soa bedisened with soft cake, HARTLEY Puddin'
(1876) 51. Der.2, nw.Der.1
BEDLAM, sb.1 and adj. w.Yks. Glo. Oxf. Brks.
[be-dlam.]
1. sb. A troublesome person or animal.
Oxf. David Loveday, . . . names his dog ' Nainter,' because it is
troublesome as a sheep-dog. . . . He explained it meant a ' reg'lar
Bedlam,' Flk-Lore Jrn. (1884) II. 188.
2. A great noise or disturbance.
Glo. Don't raise such a bedlam. You are making a regular
bedlam (S.S.B.). Oxf.1 MS. add. Brks. (M.J.B.)
3. adj. Wild, ill-behaved ; mad.
Glo. Go steady now, don't be so bedlam (S.S.B.). Brks. Ahl
the children nowsims so bedlam (A.C.).
4. Comp. (i) Bedlam-hole, a mad-house; (2) -spit, the
interior and liver of a pig roasted.
(i) w.Yks. It's war ner bein' in a Bedlam-holl, Prov. in Brighoase
News (Sept. 14, 1889). (2) n.Cy. Bedlam-spit, a harslet, GROSE
(1790) Suppl. w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds.\ w.Yks.3 Bedlam or Bedlam-spit.
[1. Bedlam, a madman, a lunatic, ASH (1795) ; A bed-
lam (mad body), mamacus,furjbundus,CoLEs(i6';g); Some
said they were ... Bedlams, BUNYAN P.P. (1678) 123;
Villain affame demy enrage, a hungry boor is half a
bedlam, COTGR. 3. Anacreon, Horace, play'd ... This
Bedlam part, COWPER Table-Talk (1788) 609.]
BEDLAM, sb? w.Yks. War. [be-dlam.] A boy's
game, resembling ' Prisoners' base.' Also called Relievo.
w.Yks.2 A square is chalked out . . . called the den ; some of the
boys remain by it, one of whom is called the 'tenter'; the tenter
has charge of the den, and he must always stand with one foot in
the den and the other on the road ; the remaining boys go out to
field. . . . They shout ' Relievo,' and upon this signal the boys stand-
ing by the side of the den pursue them. . . . Sometimes the cry
is ' Delievo ' not ' Relievo.'. . . Sometimes the tenter instead of
standing with one foot in the den stands as far from the prisoner
as the prisoner can spit. ... If when a prisoner is caught, he cries
out ' Kings,' or ' Kings to rest,' he is allowed to escape. The game
is a very rough one. War.2 One party have a start, and, when
the leader cries ' Bedlam,' the other party follow, and attempt to
make prisoners. . . . Shouldone of the captive's friends dash through
the den unchecked, crying, ' Release Bedlam,' the captive may
make off again. Should the would-be releaser be caught in the
attempt, he and his comrade must remain in the den. The game
goes on until all are caught, and then the other party take their
' outing.'
BEDLAM COWSLIP, sb. (i) The paigle, prob. Primula
elatior (Nhp.) ; (2) lungwort, Pulmonaria officinalis (Oxf.).
See Jerusalem Cowslip.
(i) Nhp.1 The paigle, or larger kind of cowslip. Bedlam cow-
slips and cuckoos With freck'd lip and hooked nose, Growing safe
near the hazle of thicket and woods, CLARE Poems , 1873) 189.
[Langham (Garden of Health, 1597) call s the Pulmonaria
officinalis Cowslips of Bedlam, B. & H. 31. The name
Bedlam refers to the town of Bethlehem in Judea. Wi|nn
be toun of bethleem (v.r. bedlem), Cursor M. 11561.]
BEDLAMER, sb. Nhb. Nfld.
1. Obs. A Bedlam-beggar, a half-cured lunatic, licensed
to beg on the highway.
Nhb. This country was then much troubled with Bedlamers,
NORTH Life Guilford (ed. 1742) 139.
2. A term of contempt applied to boys and young men.
[Nfld. Applied contemptuously to young fellows between 16
and 20, whom we would call hobbledehoys. A policeman may
testify, ' There were a lot of bedlamers standing at the corner, and
the accused was one of them,' &c. (G.P.)]
[Bedlam, sb.1 + -er.]
BEDLIER, sb. s.Wor. Som. Dev. Cor. [be'dlaia(r).]
A bedridden person.
s.Wor. (H.K.); s.Wor.1 Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873"). w.Som.1 An
old woman in the almshouse at Wellington said to me of an old
man who had broken his thigh : ' He on't never walk no more :
he'll be a bedlier so long's he do live.' In Dev. they say ' bedlayer.
Ff
BEDMAN
[218]
BEDSTOCKS
Dev. Why, ole Jack Maunder broked 'is leg in dree places, anc
I knaw he'th abin a bedlier niest upon vorty year, HEWETT Peas.
Sp. (1892); The Lord, He'll preserve me from being a bed-Iyer,
that He will. O'NEILL Idylls (1892) n. nw.Dev.1, s.Dev. (G.E.D.)
Cor. She's bin a bed-lier for more'n ten year (M.A.C.).
[Bed + Her, der. of lie, vb. Cp. MHG. bette-liger, one who
lies in bed, a sick person (LEXER).]
BEDMAN, sb. Obsol. Soni. Cor. Sexton. See
Bedral.
Som. Paid for a shovel for the Bedman, Chwardens' Ace. (1702)
HERVEY Wedmore Chron. (1887) I. Cor.12
[The same word as ME. bedeman, a beadsman, an alms-
man. Cp. themgs. of guenaudmFr. : Guenand, a begger ;
also digger of graves (CoiGR.).]
BEDOLE, v. Dev. Cor. Used only in forms (i) Be
doled,//*/, adj. stupefied with pain or grief; (2) Bedoling,
ppl. adj. in comp. Bedoling-pain, a dull, continuous pain.
(i Dev.3 Cor. Bedoled weth the rheumatiz, J. TRENOODLE
Spec. Dial. (1846) 17 ; Monthly Mag. (18081 II. 422; GROSE (1790)
MS. add. (C.); Cor.12 (2) w.Cor. ' I have got a most bedoling
pain in my teeth and chacks [cheeks] all round to my nuddeck'
[nape of neck]. Said by a Cornish woman suffering from neuralgia
(M.A.C.). Cor.1
[Be- + dole (ME. dollen). Dullyn or make dulle yn wytte,
hebeto, Prompt. ; Dollyd as wyne or ale, vapidus, Cath.
Angl. (1483).]
BEDONE./5*/. adj. Der. Outwitted.
Der.2, nw.Der.1
[Be- + done, pp. of do, vb. ; cp. the colloq. use of ' done '
in the sense of ' outwitted.']
BEDOUT, prep, and conj. Yks. Also in forms bedoot,
beoot ne.Yks.1 [badu't] Without, unless.
n.Yks. Quite commonly used, but I have never heard it in the
East Riding (M.C.F.M.). ne.Yks.1 Ah'll gan yam bedoot tha.
[A contam. of without through the influence of be- (pre-
fix). Cp. OE. butan (without) = be- + titan.]
BEDRAL, sb. Sc. Also in forms bederal, bedrel,
betheral, bedlar. [be'dral, be'Sral.] An inferior church
officer in Scotland, often combining those of clerk, beadle,
sexton, gravedigger, bellringer. See Bedman.
Sc.^ I wad put in auld Elspeth, the bedral's widow— the like o'
them's used wi' graves and ghaists, and thae things, SCOTT Guy
M. (1815) Iv ; I wad gar the bedral eat the bell-rope if lie took ony
sic freedom, ib. Midlothian (1818) xlvii ; They're very particular in
heating the stoves in ours [our kirk] ; and that's why I never grudge
to give the bederal a half-crown, WHITEHEAD Daft Davie (1876)
199, ed. 1894 ; For instance, if a bedlar see His tools wi rust
encrusted be, A. SCOTT Poems ,1808- 24. Per. Sell a' thing else
tae pay the wricht an' bedrel, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush (1895^ 296 ;
An' of the bedral auld, wi' mukle courtesie, I speer'd what it might
mean, NICOLL Poems (1837) 226, ed. 1843. Ayr. Her father was
the parish beadle (or betheral, as that dignitary is called in
Scotland), GALT Sir A. Wytie (1822) xcv ; Old Thomas Pull, the
betheral, went to ring the bell for public worship, ib. Provost 1822
I. xxiv. Edb. And the bethrel sleeping with the key in his breek
pouches, MOIR Mansie Wauch ( 1828) 50. Gall. The auld betheral
there winna gang ablow three fit deep. CROCKETT Sunbonncl
(18951 vi.
BED-REEDE, ppl. adj. s.Irel. Sus. Also in form
betnered Sus.1 Bedridden, confined to bed.
Wxf.1 Sus.1 Poor creature ! She was bethered three years
before she died.
[Bedrede up-on a couche lowe he lay, CHAUCER C. T. D.
1769; A bedrede womman, P. Plowman (B.) xm. 448
OE. bed-reda, bed-rida.]
BEDREL, sb. Sc. Irel. Also in forms bedell HAM.
Suppl.) • bedrill, betherell N.I.1 [be'dral.] A bedridden
person, a helpless cripple.
Sc. (JAM. Suppl.}; GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Fif. Robie
Brown and David Strachan (For they were bedrals baithl, TENNANT
Papistry (1827) 49. N.I.1
[His fader . . . quhilk as beddrell lay Befor hys set,
DOUGLAS Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, iv. 123. Bed+-rel
(-erel), as in cockerel, mongrel, pickerel.}
BEDREL, see Bedral.
BEDRIP sb. Irel. Also written bederup Wxf.1
[De-drip.] ^ A band of harvesters ; any crowd.
Wxf, An' sent a bedrip ov men that night to the hilltops to get
the materials, Shamrock (Apr. i, 1893) 451 ; An' a great bedrip ov
lords an' ladies, ib. (Mar. 17, 1893)425 ; In common use P.J.M.) ;
Wxf.1 The Bederepe was a service of tenants in the reaping of
their lord's corn, for so many boon days ; and the words might have
been applied at first to the vassal reapers, and latterly to free ones.
[This word was orig. a law term : Bederepe alias
Bidrepe is a service that some tenants were anciently
bound to, that is to repe their Landlords corn in harvest
Debent venire in Aiitumpno ad precariam quae vocatur a le
Bederepe, Placita 10 Hen,. Ill, rot. 8, BLOUNT (1670) ; cp.
KENNETT Gloss. (1816). OE. bed-rip, the reaping of corn on
request, SCHMID A.S. Laws, 376. See Bead, v.]
BEDRITE, v. Sc. Nhb. [badrai't] To befoul with
ordure, to bedirt.
Sc. ' God's will be done ; but D — 1 bedrite the spee-man ' [spac:-
man]— spoken when people predict ill things, KELLY Coll. Pro-,'.
(1721) 125 (JAM.).
Hence Bedritten, ppl. adj.
Sc. (JAM.), N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
[Be- + drite (vb.), q.v.]
BEDS, sb. pi. Sc. Nhb. A children's game. Also
called Hop-scotch, q.v.
Sc. A game of children denominated from the form ; sometimes
called Squares by strangers. In Abd. the spaces marked out are
sometimes circular i JAM.). Lth. The ' lassies games ' were skipping
on the 'jumpin' rope,' the 'House Ba',' the 'pickles' (or the
' beds,' or the ' Pall-all'), played with a flat stone on the pavement,
STRATHESK Blinkbonny (1885) 33. N.Cy.1 A game of children, in
which they hop on one foot through different spaces chalked out,
called beds. Nhb.1 Gen. called ' hitchey-dabber.'
BEDSTOCK(S, sb. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Lin. Bedstead, the wooden framework of the bed.
Sc. The strong bar or frame of wood forming the front of a
bed (JAM. Suppl.}. Fif. Frae her bed she loup, Puir body, ow'r
the bed-stock cowpit, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 49. Dmb. There's
naething to gar us bide a minit after we come owre the bedstock
in the mornin', CROSS Disruption (1844) vi. Nhb.1 An' i' the
twinklen of an e'e, Was fairly ower the bedstock bangin', WILSON
Pitman's Pay (1843) 24. Dur.1 Wm. Adultery robs us, eigh,
within our varra bedstocks, HUTTON Bran New Wark (1785 , 1. 302 ;
I lig now upon the vara bed-stocks as he and his missus ligged
on, RAWNSLEY Remin. Wordsworth (18841 VI. 181. n.Yks.1 He
'ad getten his legs ower t'bedstocks, but he cou'd nowther gan
ner stand ; n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1, e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks. T'first
start off, t'bed-stockswer tade down an turpintined, TOMTREDDLE-
HOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1861) 30; A pare a bedstocks for Tom
Thum to lay on, ib. Ben Bunt ( 1838) 17 ; w.Yks.235 Lan. If some
neet one coom an' shaket thy bedstocks, BRIERLEY Irkdale (18651
142, ed. 1868. m.Lan.1 Yo' dorn'd see mony o' th' good owd soort
o" bedstocks neaw-a-days, becos four-pooasters wi' a cornish
doesn'd match th' carpet. Chs. Th' bed-stocks we lay on wurner
worth eighteen-pence, YATES Owd Peter, iv ; Chs.1 n.Lin.1 The
wooden frame of a bed, sometimes also the bed-posts.
[Bedds, bedstocks, Lan. &* Ch. Wills (1586) in Chetham
Soc. (1884) 142 ; A bedstoke, sponda,fultrum, Cath. Angl.
(1483)-]
BEDSTOCKS, sb. Nhb. w.Yks. A boys' game ; also
called ' Bed-o,' ' Prisoners' base.' See Bedlam, sb.2
Nhb.1 In this game sides are formed, and the lads on one side
jive chase to those on the other. When a capture is made the
pursuer spits over the head of his prey, the captive is put into a
marked-off place, and the capturer places his foot on a spot about
two yards off. Here the captive shouts lustily to his side,
' Relieve a marrow ! ' As each is brought in, his capturer takes the
place of the lad on guard, and one can hold several captives. But
if one of the side that is being chased can manage to run through
Detween the guard and his captives, the whole of his side are
' relieved,' and they run off. This is the game known elsewhere as
' Prisoners' Base.' w.Yks.5 One side or company hides separately
within certain pre-arranged limits,when,ata certain signal, the other
side commences cautiously the tracking of them. When one of the
liding number is discovered, ' I spy [such an one] ! ' ^naming him)
s shouted out, when the whole of the tracking party run back to
their station and spit on the wall. If this is not done the discovered
one can take him to the place from whence he started, and claim
to be ridden upon his back down to the station or place of ren-
dezvbus, and the number of rides are ' counts,' so many making
up the game. The ' spied ' ones, and others who have not been
espied, but who think it a good opportunity, rush out of their place
BED-TIE
[219]
BEE
of concealment immediately, and if they are fortunate enough to
lay hold of one before the goal is reached and can retain their hold
till their ' nomony' is said ^ which consists in repeating the figures,
' two, four, six, eight, ten,' and spitting over the head of the
captured) the ride is claimed in due course. If no rides are ob-
tained ultimately, the winning side goes in again and have their
'seccy outing.' It is a game only resorted to during the winter
evenings when the darkness favours their movements.
BED-TIE, sb. Soni. Dev. Cor. Also written bed-tye
Dev. Cor.12 [be'd-tai.] A feather bed ; the ticking or
case enclosing the feathers of the bed. See Tie, sb.
(a case).
w.Som.1 Dhai vaewn dim wauch u-puut een'suyd dhu bai'd tuy
[they found the watch put inside the ticking of the bed]. Dev.
Yii can't use barley-dowst vur bedties, 'cuz tha lies wid urn intii
"e, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) ; ELLIS Pronunc. V. 164; Some [of
her money] may very likely be sewed into her ' bed tye,' O'NEILL
Idylls (1892 82. n.Dev. A bed-tye, too, vor Nell, ROCK Jim an'
Nell (1867 ) st. 69. Cor.1 Often called a feather tye ; Cor.2
BEDWEN, sb. Wm. Cor. Also written bedewen.
The birch, Betula alba. [Wei. bedwen, cp. Bret, besven.}
BEDWINE, sb. Also in form bedwind War.2 Glo.1
Wil.1 [be'dwain, be'dwaind.] (i) Wild clematis, travel-
ler's joy, Clematis vitalba (Brks. Hmp. I.W. Wil. Dor.) ;
(2) a wild convolvulus, C. arvensis or C. septum (War. Glo.
Hmp.).
(i) Brks.1, Hmp.1 I.W. Bed-wine or bed-vine (C.J.V.) ; I.W.1,
Wil.1, Dor.1 (2) War.2, Glo.1, Hmp.1
BEE, sb.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
I. The honey bee.
1. Comp. (i) Bee-ale, a kind of mead made from the
refuse of honey ; (2) -bench, a stand for bee-hives ; (3)
•bike, a wild bee's nest ; see Bike ; (4) -bink, see -bench ;
(5) -brass, money earned from the sale of honey; (6)
•bread, a mixture of pollen and honey, the food of the
insect in its larva state ; in gen. use ; (7) -butt, a bee-hive ;
(8) -drove, a crowd or ' swarm ' of men or animals ; (9)
•hackle, the straw covering of a hive ; see Hackle ; (10)
•hake, see -hackle; (n) -headit, hare-brained, flighty;
(12) -hole, see below ; (13) -hoppet, (14) -lippen, a bee-
hive; (15) -liquor, mead made from the washings of the
combs; cf. bee-ale; (16) -peitch, (17) -pot, (18) -scap,
•skep, -skip, a bee-hive ; (19) -sucken, of a tree: having
the bark pierced with holes and freq. exuding a gummy
substance ; (20) -'s-wisp, a wild bee's nest ; also a tangled
mass.
(i) n.Sc. (JAM.) (2) Chs.1 It is so called even when built of
stone or brick. (3) Per. Nae apples he pu'ed now, nae bee-bikes
he smoored, NICOLL Poems (1837) 95, ed. 1843. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1,
Dur. (K.),n.Yks.12 (4) Cum.1 (5) n.Yks.2 The country-woman's
money, perhaps a perquisite, from the sale of her honey. I bought
it wi' my bee-brass. (6) Sc. (JAM.), w.Yks.1, n-Lin.1, Nhp.1,
Wor. (J.W.P.) e.An.1 A brownish opaque substance, with which
some of the cells in a honeycomb are filled. Hnt. (T.P.F.) , w.Som.1
(7) Som. Straw bee-butts be the best, JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng.
(1869) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; Below the window stood a row of
bee-butts, RAYMOND Love and Quiet Life (1894) 91. w.Som.1 The
common straw hive. Dev. Yes Tor is seen across the Ockment
Valley, together with the 'bee-butt' of High Willhays, PAGE
Explor. Drtmr. (1889) vi ; He ordered up a fine bee-butt for the
bees, O'NEILL Idylls (1892) 41. n.Dev. Tha bee-butts be all bare,
ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st 5 ; GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
nw.Dev.1 Cor. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Monthly Mag.
(1808) II. 422; Cor.12 (8) e-An.1 (9) Sur.1 Hmp. HEATH
Eng. Peas. (1893) 138 ; A cap of straw placed over ' bee-pots ' to
protect them from wet, WISE New Forest (1883) 184; Hmp.1
Wil. SLOW Gl. (1892) ; Wil.1 (10) Hmp.1 (u) Sc. Ye needna
mind him, he's a bee-headed bodie (JAM.). (12) nw.Dev.1 Bee-
hole, a dome-shaped niche made in cob walls for the reception
of a bee-butt, (13) m-Yks.1 w.Yks. Like a yung lass a sixteen,
wi a shinon as big nearly az a bee-hoppit, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE
Bairnsla Ann. (1872) 50 ; w.Yks.3 (14) War. (J.R.W.) Som.
JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873). n.Dev.
Git zum stroyl out o' tha shippen, And carr et down to tha bee-
lippen, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 5. (15) Ken. Obs. (P.M.) ;
Ken.12 (16) w.Yks. Threw a bee-peitch in an' then let t'sash
drop, YksmaH. (1878) 73. (17. Sus.1 Hmp. HEATH Eng. Peas.
('893) '38 ; Hmp.1 Wil.1 Lore ta zee zom on'ms hair, Like girt
bee pots a hanging there, SLOW Poems (1881) 43. Dor. An' when
the zwarm were seafe an' sound In mother's bit o' bee-pot ground,
BARNES Poems (ed. 1879) 70. (18 Sc. I was just like a demented
man; my head was buzzing like a bee-scap, and I could hear
nothing but the bir of that weariful woman's tongue, Steam-boat
• 1822) 83 (JAM.). Edb. As if all the bee-skeps on the banks of the
Esk had been pent up within my head, MOIR Mansie Wauch
(1828) 221. N.Cy.2, Nhb.1 Wm. A girt round thing ... on her
head, like a bee-skep, GIBSON Leg. 1 1877) 66. n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2
At the funeral of a country bee-owner, the bees must have a portion
of everything given to them pertaining to the funeral repast,
otherwise they will die ! This practice is continued ; and the
outsides of the hives are seen hung in mourning with crape for
their deceased possessor. ne.Yks.1 In rare use. Beehive of
rushes or straw. e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 n.Lin. He hedn't noa nead to
be scarr'd o' nowt, if he kep' awaay fra bea-skeps, PEACOCK Tales
and Rhymes (1886) 79. n.Lin.1 Once at Kirton Sessions a woman
was tried for stealin' a bee-skep full of beas. ' He's set th' bea-skep
in a buzz ' — that is, he has stirred up anger or raked up scandal.
Nhp.1, War.2, s.War.1, Wor. (J.W.P.) s.Cy. KENNETT Par.
Antiq. ^1695). Sur-* Sus. (K.) ; Sus.1 A beehive, or the straw
hackle placed over the hive to protect it. There is a superstition
in the county, that if a piece of black crape is not put round the
hive after a death in the family the bees will die. Dev.3 Cor.
Three straw bee-skips under the eastern wall, 'Q.' Three Ships
(1890) iv ; Cor.12 (19) Yks. Poetry Provinr. in Cornh. Mag. (1865)
XII. 39. n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1 In rare use. Applied to a tree, shown
by the exudation of gummy substance from the bark to be diseased.
The substance is said to be like honey. e.Yks. Applied to the
ash, when its bark is cancerous, black, and turgid, MARSHALL
Rur. Emn. fed. 1796) ; (W.W.S.) (20) Ant. The nest of the wild
bee that builds in grass fields, Ballymena Obs. (1892) ; (J.S.) Tyr.
In this locality it does not at the present time denote a bees' nest.
' I saw Sally at the door this morning with her hair like a beeswisp '
(D.A.S.).
2. Phr. (i) Bees and honey, riming slang for money;
(2) bees, bees, bring your honey, see below ; (3) as big as a
bee's knee, trifling, insignificant ; (4) as busy as bees in
a basin, busy with trifling matters ; (5) a bee-in-the-bonnet,
a foolish person ; (6) to have a bee in one's bonnet or head,
to be eccentric or flighty ; in gen. use ; (7) to have one's
head in the bees, to be confused, stupefied with drink, &c. ;
(8) to tell, wake the bees, see below.
(i) Lon. One kind of back-slang consists of creating a sentence,
the last word of which will rhyme with the word that it is intended
should be spoken. For instance . . . ' Bees and honey "... for
' money,' Answers Sept. 10, 1892) 276. (2) War.2 ' Bees! bees!
bring your honey.' A boys' game. A greenhorn is elected' queen
bee,' and is told to cry the title of the game as a formula, when
the other players have gathered honey. Each player usually fills
his mouth with water, which he discharges on the unfortunate
' queen bee,' when the formula is spoken. (3) Stf., War., Wor.,
Glo. NORTHALL Flk-Phr. (1894). Wor. (J.W.P.) [A'. & Q. (1896)
8th S. x. 260.] (4) Lei. TOONE (1834). (5) Slk. Madcaps, hare-
brains, bee-in-the-bonnets, scap-goats, &c., CHR. NORTH Nodes
(ed. 1856) III. 175. (6) Sc. Maybe ye think the puir lassie has
a bee in her bonnet, SCOTT Ronan '^1824) xvii. w.Yks.2 Dev3
Bee in-th'-'ead. Colloq. Supposed to be a peculiarly Scottish
phrase, because Scotsmen wear 'bonnets.' and Englishmen do not,
BARRERE & LELAND ; FARMER. (7) Sc. Gilchrist, whasehead was
i' the bees, DRUMMOND Muckomachy (1846) 7 ; This word had a
sedative effect, but the Bailie's head, as he expressed himself, was
still 'in the bees,' SCOTT Waverley (1814) Ixvi. Abd. His head's
been i' the bees since four o'clock, BEATTIES Parings (1813) 40,
ed. 1873 ; Wha's fau't was it your head was i' the bees? SHIRREFS
Poems (1790) 40. 'V8) Nhb.1 It is never considered lucky to be
the sole owner of bees. A man and a woman, not man and
wife, should be partners. If either should die, some one should
go at midnight, tap each hive three times, and desire the bees
to work for their new master or mistress, as the case may be,
Trans. Tyneside Natur. Fid. Club (1860-62 V. 91. Der. N. (? Q.
(1851) ist S. iv. 309. n.Lin. If the bees were not told [of a
death] they would leave their hives, and never return. Some people
give them a piece of the funeral cake ; I don't think that it is
absolutely necessary, but certainly it is better to tell them of the
death, it. 270. Lei.1 A death in the family should always be
officially notified to the bees, perhaps in a whisper, who will resent
the slight cast upon them as members of the household by the
non-performance of the ceremony by forsaking the hive or dying.
War.3 The custom is still observed, but it must be in a whisper,
to avoid giving offence to the bees. Shr. The bees are told the
F fa
BEE
[220]
BEEF
news, and often put into mourning ; the rooks are warned, BURNE
Flk-Lore (1883) 299; The proper time for the communication is
either just before the funeral leaves the house, or else at the
moment when it is starting. [On the Welsh border they say]
it must be done in the middle of the night. [The phrases used
are] 'A.B. is dead, and they're carrying him out' (Church
Stretton) ; ' The master is dead ' (Clun) ; ' Your friend's gone '
(Wenlock) ; ' The poor maister's dead, but yo mun work fur me '
(Meole Brace). In n.Shr. it is very common [at a funeral] . . .
to ' heave up ' the hives, i. e. lift them a few inches from the
stand and set them down again, tb. 235-6. Oxf. Three taps are
made on the hives with the house-key, while the informant repeats :
' Bees, bees, bees, your master is dead, and you must work for ,'
naming the future owner. A piece of black crape is then fastened
to the hive. . . . On weddings the bees always expect to be
informed of the auspicious event, and to have their hive decorated
with a wedding favour, N. &" Q. (1851) ist S. iv. 309. Bck. It is
common, on the death of any one of the family, for the nurse to
go to all the bee-hives in the garden, and tap gently three times,
each time repeating three times these words, ' Little brownie, little
brownie, your master's dead' ; when the bees, beginning to hum,
show their consent to remain, ib. Sur., Sus.,I.W., Wil. ft. Dor. It
was the universal custom to wake the bees by tapping at their
hives whenever a death occurred in the household, under the belief
that if this were not done the bees themselves would pine away and
perish during the ensuing year. As soon as an interior buzzing
responded to her tap at the first hive, Mrs. Hall went on to the
second, and thus passed down the row, HARDY Wess. Tales
(1888) II. 46. w.Som. A man, whose wife had very recently died,
came and asked me to buy two hives of bees from him. Well
knowing the old superstition, I suggested that the man wished
to sell the bees at once, lest they should die. Au ! noa'ii zr ! aay-v
u-toa'ld um oa'ut. Aay warn daewn pun mge nee-z, ee'ns dhai
kaa-rd ur aewt, un aay wiis-purd ut tiie um : zoa yue noa kizh-un
tu bee u-fee-urd baewd um zr [oh ! no, sir, I've told them of it.
I went down on my knees, whilst they were carrying her out, and
I whispered it to them; so you've no occasion to be afeard about
them, sir], ELWORTHY Gram. (1877) 100 ; w.Som.1 The belief is
almost universal, that should a death occur in the house to which
the bees belong, each butt ought ' to be told of it,' otherwise they
will all die. It is considered very unlucky if in swarming the
bees alight on a dead tree ; it portends that there will be a death
in the family soon. Var. dial. In Suf. , inquiring of a cottager who
had lately lost a relative . . . she replied ' Oh, yes ; when my aunt
died I told every skep myself, and put them into mourning.' The
same superstition exists in Dev. Glo. Yks. and Cor., BRAND Pop.
Antiq. (ed. 1849) 301.
3. In pi. whims, fancies. Cf. to have a bee in one's
head, &c.
Sc. Why dost thou pleen ? I thee maintain, For meal and mawt
thou disna want ; But thy wild bees I canna please, RAMSAY Tea-
Table Misc. I. 116, ed. 1871; HERD Sngs. (1776) Gl. Abel. I'll gie
the match a heeze, And try to cure ahld Helen o' the bees,
SHIRREFS Poems (1790) 77.
II. A fly ; a wasp.
Lin. Woa then, wiltha 1 dangtha !— the bees is as fell as owt
TENNYSON A'. Farmer, New Style (1870) st. 10 ; Lin.1 n-Lin.1
Certain kinds of large flies not unlike bees. e.Lin. Not necessarily
a large fly. I have heard 'I've gotten a bee in my eye.' The
bee in the usual lit. E. sense is always the ' honey-bee ' (G.G.W.).
[3. Quhat bern be thou in bed, with heid full of beis,
DOUGLAS Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, HI. 146.]
BEE, sb.2 Sc. Irel. Yks. A metal ring or ferrule. Also
in comp. Bee-band.
Dmf. A hoop or ring of metal, put round the handle of anything
into which a tine or prong is inserted, to prevent its twisting
asunder (JAM.). Ant. Used to keep a stick from splitting ( W.H P >
w.Yks.1 Bee-band, a hoop of iron which encircles the hole in the
beam of a plough, where the coulter is fixed.
[A bee with a grete pearl, Paston Lett. (1487) III. 464 ;
A bee, armtlla, brachiale, Cath. Angl. (1483) ; And putte
aboute his necke a goldun beeje, WYCLIF (1382) Gen. xli.
42. OE. beah, cp. ON. baugr, a ring.]
BEEAF, see Biff.
BEEAK, see Beek.
BEEALD, see Bield.
BEEAS, see Beast, Boose.
BEEAS-MILK, see Beest.
BEEAT, v. w.Yks. [beat.] Past tense of bite.
w.Yks. T'lile midgies they beeat seea we hardly cud bide, LUCAS
Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882).
BEEAT, see Beat.
BEE-BAW, sb. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der.
Lin. Also in forms -baa Dur.1; -bee n.Yks.1 w.Yks.1
n.Lin.1 ; -boe ne.Lan.1 ; -by w.Yks.2 ; -bo Lan.1 e.Lan.1
Chs.1 nw.Der.1
1. A lullaby. See Bye-bye.
Nhb. Aw was norsin' wee Fan at the breest An" chormin'
some bee-a-baw sang, ROBSON Evangeline (1870) 338. Dur.1
Cum. The old nursery rhyme, used in conjunction with rocking
motion. Be-bo, babby low, on a tree-top. Be-bo, bunting! Daddy's
gone a hunting, &c. (M.P.) ; Mary Cairn to Wulson bairn Was
singan ' Bee-bo-buntin,' LONSDALE Upshot (1811). w.Yks. Hlfx.
Wds ; w.Yks.1 n.Lan.1 Be-bo-buntin', daddy's gone a huntin', To
catch a rabbit for its skin, To lap his bonny lile babby in. Lin.
STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes (1884) 316.
2. A child's name for sleep, in phr. to go to bee-bo.
Cum. i^M.P.) n.Yks.1 A word in continual use among such as
have charge of very young children, and applied when the latter
are apparently sleepy, or when it is time for them to be put to
sleep. ' Baby go bee-bee now '; or, ' Poor baby wants to go bee-
bee.' w.Yks.2 Now go to bee-by. Lan.1 Come, thae mun goo to
be-bo neaw ; it's lung past thi toime. ne.Lan.1 Chs.1 Come, go
bee-bo, there's a good little wench. nw.Der.1, n.Lin.1
3. A child's cradle.
e.Lan.1
BEE-BAW, v. Nhb. Written -baa Nhb.1 To lull to
sleep ; to sing a lullaby.
Nhb. The wind bee-baw'd, aw whish'd me squeels, ROBSON Sngs.
o/2>««(i849) a; Nhb.1
BEE-BIRD, sb. Nhb. e.An. Sur. Hmp. Wil. Som. Dev.
Name applied to several birds: (i) Acredula rosea, long-
tailed titmouse ; (2) Musicapa grisola, spotted flycatcher ;
(3) Parus caeruleiis, blue titmouse ; (4) Parus major, great
titmouse ; (5) Phylloscopus trochilus, willow warbler ; (6)
Silvia cinerea, whitethroat.
(i) Sur.1 Also called Sack-baker. (2) Nhb.1 Nrf. (A.G.) ;
SWAINSON Birds (1885) 49. Wil. It is also called the Bee-bird from
its partiality for that insect, as I have often seen to my vexation
when morning after morning the little marauder would take his
stand on a wire fence near my bee houses and fly off to seize
a luckless bee on its approach laden with honey, SMITH Birds
(1887)125. w.Som.1 [FoRSTERSa>a//ozw(i8i7) 75.] (3) Hmp. It
is supposed to stand at the entrance of the hives and destroy the
bees as they come out, SWAINSON ib. 34. (4) e.An.1 (5) SWAINSON
ib. 27. (6) Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873; ; N. & Q. (1877) 5th S. viii.
358. w.Som.1 Dev. SWAINSON ib. 23.
BEE-BREAD, sb. (i) Borago offidnalis, borage (Dev.; ;
(2) Trifolium pratense, meadow trefoil (Ken.).
(i) Dev. Reports Provinc. (1884) n. (2) Ken. [Bee-bread is] a
misnomer, as the hive bee cannot reach the honey, the flowers
being fertilized only by the humble bee.
BEECE, see Beast.
BEECHEN, adj. Sc. Hmp. Som. Dev. Consisting of
beech, or made of beechwood.
Sc. They had pillaged my mither's auld house sae, that beechen
bickers . . . were whiles the best at our board, SCOTT Nigel (1822) v.
Hmp. Before our beechen woods were so much destroyed we had
myriadsof pigeons, WHITE S*/6or«e( 1773) i6i,ed. 1851. w.Som.1
Lau't u biich-n plangk [lot of beech plank]. Dev. A beechen tree,
W. & Q. (1869) 4th S. iii. 159.
[This fals chanoun . . . Out of his bosom took a bechen
cole, CHAUCER C. T. G. 1160. OE. becen, 'faginus.']
BEECH-MEATS, sb. pi. Glo.1 Beech-mast.
BEED, see Bood.
BEEDY, see Biddy.
BEEF, sb. Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs. Not. Lei. Nhp. War. Wor.
Shr. Dor. Cant. Also written bif Shr.1 ; biff Lei.1 [blf,
bif.]
1. An ox or cow intended for slaughter.
Shr.1 They kill a beef at Clun only once in three months. A
butcher explained as a reason that the inhabitants of Clun were ' a
very oukit sort of folk' who would probably not buy the meat if
provided for them at their own doors, though they would willingly
' send for it all the way from Bishop's Castle."
BEEFER
[221]
BEENE
I
2. A fibrous carbonate of lime, with a texture resembling
fossil wood.
Dor. The Purbeck Beds contain fibrous carbonate of lime, termed
'beef in the Isle of Purbeck and 'horseflesh' in the Isle of
Portland, WOODWARD Geol. Eng. and Wai. (18761 205; Known to
the quarrymen as 'beef,' ' horseflesh,' ' bacon,' &c., DAMON Geol.
Wcymouih (1864) 106.
3. Riming slang for ' stop thief! '
Cant. They whiddle beef and we must brush [They cry out
thieves ! and we must be off], Life B. M. Carew (1791) ; FARMER.
4. Comp. (i) Beef-balks, a shelf or beam for storing
beef; (2) -ball, a beef-dumpling; (3) -brewis, beef-broth ;
(4 ) -case, a ladder-shaped frame, hung horizontally under
the ceiling near the fire, on which beef was placed to dry ;
(5) -eater, see below; (6) -head, a blockhead, fool; (7)
•heart, a cow's heart ready for cooking ; (8) -steak rock,
(o) -tree, see below.
(i) n.Yks.2 (2) Lan.1 (s.v. Bo.) (3) Sc. When they sup beef
brewis, SCOTT Abbot (1820) xiv. (4) w.Yks. When beef was
killed it was hung to dry on a frame called the beef-case, LUCAS
Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) 25. (5) w.Yks.2 I am told that there
were formerly twelve persons associated in some way with the
Cutlers' Company at Sheffield, but not members of the company,
who were called beef-eaters. (6) Lei.1, War.8 (7) Lei.1, Nhp.1,
War.3, Wor. (J.W. P.) (8) Chs.1 Beef-steak rock, salt-mining term.
A fine, red-coloured rock-salt, similar in its grain to sugar-candy.
(9) Not.1 Beef-tree, a stick used by butchers for hanging up the
carcase of a beast, the notched ends being passed through the hock
tendons. Also called a cambrel.
5. Phr. (i) Beef and greens, a variety of primrose, Primula
vulgaris ; (2) to like veal better than beef, see below.
(i) Yks. A variety of Primula vulgaris, having a red and green
calyx, B. & H. (a) Shr.1 ' 'E made a great mistake— liked vail
[veal] better nor bif,' was said of one who married the niece instead
of the aunt.
[1. A beef, bos, COLES (1679) ; Baeuf, an oxe, a beef,
COTGR. ; A pound of man's flesh ... is not so estimable
... As flesh of muttons, beefs, or goats, SHAKS. M. Ven. i.
iii. i68.1
BEEFER, sb. Nhp. Bdf. Familiar name for a calf; a
cow or bullock fed for the butcher.
Nhp. I mean to make a beefer of him (P.G.D.) ; Nhp.2 Bdf.
BATCHELOR Anal. Eng. Lang. (1809).
BEEFING, sb. Suf. A steer or bullock reared for
slaughter.
Suf. (HALL.); (F.H.)
[All the velys, lambes, beefins, Paston Lett. (1466) II.
269.]
BEE-FLOWER, sb. (i) Cheiranthus Cheiri, common
wallflower (Lin.); (2) Ophrys apifera, bee orchis (Ken.
I.W. Wil.) ; (3) Scabiosa succisa (Hmp.j ; (4) any flower
cultivated for the sake of its honey.
(i) nXin.1 (a) Wil.1 (3) Hmp. (W.M.E.F.) (4) Wil.1 Bee-
flowers are those purposely grown near an apiary, as sources of
honey (s.v. Bees".
BEEF'S TONGUE, sb. Pern. The hart's-tongue fern,
Scolopendrium vulgare.
s.Pem. (W.M.M.)
BEEK, sb. Sc. [bik.] That which communicates
heat ; the act of basking in the sun or by the fire.
Sc. Life's just a wee bit sinny beek, That bright, and brighter
waxes.PicKEN Poems (1788) 88 (JAM.). Lnk. Glaud, by his morning
ingle taks a beek, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725) V. ii.
BEEK, v. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Also written
beak Sc. N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 w.Yks.1 GROSE, HOLLOWAY ; beik
Sc. [bik.]
1. To warm before the fire ; to make warm.
Abd. As guid a pint-ale's man as 'ere beaked his fit at the cout-
chack o' a browster wife's ingle, FORBES Jrn. (1742) 13. Ayr.
Made many a one beek his shins in comfort that would otherwise
have had but a cold coal to blow at, GALT Annals (1831) vi. Lnk.
Then fling on coals, and ripe the ribs, And beek the house baith
but and ben, RAMSAY Poems (ed. 1800) I. 205 (JAM.). Gall. At
my ain ingle cheek My spawls I could beek, HARPER Bards
Vi889) 207. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.) ; N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Cum.
An' snoozlan' an' beek'an my shins, GILPIN Ballads (1874) 199.
Wm.1 She sat beeakin hersel afoor t'fire.
2. To heat wood or sticks at the fire, in order to make
them more pliable for basket-making, &c.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790); Formerly done in shipyards to make the
planks pliant to bend to the ships' sides, HOLLOWAY; N.Cy.1,
Cum.1 w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781 .
3. Comp. Beak-sticks.
Nhb.1 A triangular frame of wood or iron, resembling a small
easel, with a prop at the back, for holding girdle cakes in front of
the fire to finish the baking, or sometimes to warm an old cake.
4. To bask in the sun or warmth of a fire. Also fig.
See Bake, v?
Sc. (JAM.) ; GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; And saw his wife
baith dry and clean, Set beikand by a fyre fu' bauld, HERD Sngs.
(1776) II. 126. Abd. To woo his winsome Jean, An' beik his love
in her bright glancin' een, Guidman (1873) 33. Arg. I was beak-
ing in the sun on the braes, MUNRO Lost Pibroch (1896) 99. Ayr.
She has been becking in the lown o' the conquest which the gude-
man had gathered for his family, GALT Provost (1822) i. Lnk.
Her cheek, where roses free from stain, In glows of youdith
beek, RAMSAY Wks. (ed. 1800) I. 117 (JAM.) ; She an her cat sit
becking in her yard, ib. Gentle Shep. (1725) II. ii. Slk. Like
twa serpents . . . growin aye mair and mair venomous, as ye
begin to bask and beek in the hearth-heat, CHR. NORTH Nodes
(ed. 1856) II. 56. Rxb. The wanderers could beak by the kitchen
ha' ingle-side, RIDDELL Poet. Wks. (ed. 1871) I. 37. w.Yks.1
5. To bathe (?).
Rxb. JAM.) [Not known to our correspondents.]
6. Of the sun : to shine brightly.
Sc. We can say, either that one beeks in the sun, or that the sun
beeks on him. The sin's beekan vera het (JAM.) ; Glowan frae the
lift a' roun', The het sin rays are beakan, PICKEN Poems (1788) 55
(ib.). Edb. The beams of God's own sun beaking on him, MOIR
Mansie Wauch (1828) 6.
[1. We strike at nycht, and on the dry strandis Did
bawm and beik our bodies, feit, and handis, DOUGLAS
Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, n. 151 ; Ane yngliss man, that
lay bekand Hym by a fyre , HARBOUR Bruce (1375) xix. 552.
2. A good husbande hath his forkes and rakes made redye
in the wynter before . . . and beyked . . . and than they
wyll be harde styffe and drye, FITZHERBERT Huso.
(1534) 33. 4. That knyght es nothing to set by That leve
sal his chevalry, And ligges bekeand in his bed, When
he haves a lady wed, Ywaine (c. 1400) 1457 (MATZNER).]
BEEK, see Beak.
BEEL, see Bail, sb.\ Bill.
BEELD, v. Irel. Nhb. Also written build N.Cy.1
[bild.] To swell, gather, suppurate.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 When a swelling or gathering occurs, the part is
said to beeld.
Hence (i) Beelt,//>/. adj. swollen ; (2) Bealdin, Bealin,
vbl. sb. matter from a sore.
(i) Nhb.1 A built or beelt hand is said to be hove [raised].
(a) N.I.1
[A pron. of Beal, w.]
BEELD, see Bield, Bild.
BEELE, sb. Cor. [bfl.] A mining tool for digging.
Cor.3 Sharp at both ends and holed in the middle for the handle.
[Beele in mining . . . called by the tinmen in Cornwall
a tubber. . . . The miners who dig up the ore are from the
use of this instrument called beele-men, Philosoph. Trans.
(1671) No. 69, 2104, CHAMBERS Cyclop. (1788).]
BEEN, sb. pi. Irel. Chs. [bin.] Bees.
Wxf.1 A heeve o' been an' dwanty shilleen [a hive of bees and
twenty shillings], 102. Chs.123
[They murmureden as dooth a swarm of been, CHAUCER
C. T. F. 203 ; Thei cumpassiden me as been, WYCLIF
(1^88) Ps. cxvii. 12 ; Hij encumpassed me as ben, E. E.
Ps. (c. 1330) cxvii. ii (E.E.T.S. No. 97). OE. beon, bees.]
BEEN(E, see Bene, Boon.
BEENE, v. Sc. Of a tub : to swell by steeping in
water. See Beam, v.
n.Sc. (JAM.) Bnff. In common use. The queed [tub] s be-
ginnin t'gizzen ; tack it an pit it in'o the burn t'beene't vW.G.).
[Perh. a prpn. of ME. bolnen, to swell: Pride that
heghis and bolnes thaim as wynd dos, HAMPOLE Ps. i. 5
(c. 1330). Dan. bolner, to swell (commonly used of wood
which has been steeped in water), also written bulner ; Sw.
BEE-NETTLE
[222]
BEESTINGS
bulna, ON. bolgna. For pron. cp. the Bnfl's. and Abd.
pron. meen for moon.}
BEE-NETTLE, sb. (i) Galeopsis versicolor (Chs.) ; (2)
Lamium album, white dead-nettle (Not. Lin. Lei.) ; (3) L.
galeobdolon, yellow dead-nettle (Chs. Not.) ; (4) L. purpu-
reum (Not. Lin.).
(i) Chs.1 (2) Not (J.P.K.) sw.Lin.1 So called because their
flowers are much resorted to by Bumble-bees. (3) Chs.3, Not.
(J.P.K.) (4) Not. (J.P.K. % sw.Lin.1
BEENGE, see Binge.
BEENIE, sb. Not.1 [brni.] A common cross-bred
pigeon.
BEEOS, see Beast.
BEE-PLANT, sb. Dev. Borago ojficinalis. See Bee-
bread.
Dev. This is the bee-plant ; you will always see bees about it,
Reports Provinc. (1884) n.
BEER, sb.1 Sc. Yks. Not. Lin. Hrf. Brks. Sus. Som.
Slang, [bia(r).]
1. Strong malt liquor, superior to ale, q.v.
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825). w.Som.1 Brewed
with the first mashing of the malt. Ale is usually sold in the
public-houses at half the price of beer.
Hence (i) Beerified, adj. tipsy; (2) Beery, adj. half-
drunk.
(i) w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. ; BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865). (a) n.Lin.1,
Brks.1 Sus. Prisoner was not drunk. We have a local phrase
here, ' Was he beery ? ' Sus. Dy. News (Dec. 5, 1888) 3.
2. Comp. (i) Beer-boy, a drunkard; (2) -brussen, corpu-
lent from drinking ; (3) -mell, a beer-mallet ; see Mell ;
(4) -ship, a public-house ; (5) -swab, a drunkard.
(i) s.Not. He's a reg'lar beer-boy ; it's drink, drink, drink, wi'
him, as long as the money ho'ds out (J.P.K.). (a) n.Yks.2
(3) Ayr. She has a nieve like a beer-mell, GALT Entail (1823) xxv.
(4) n.Yks. The convivial beer-ship might not be furnished with
minstrels for guests. ATKINSON Whitby (1894) 27. (5) n.Yks.2
3. Phr. (i) to be on the beer, to be half-drunk, to be on a
drinking bout; (2) small beer, a trifling, insignificant thing ;
(3) to think no small beer of oneself, to have a high opinion
of oneself.
(i) Hrf.2 (2) Brks.1 That zarment zimmed to I vurry small beer.
(3) Slang. FARMER.
BEER, sb.2 Yks. Chs. Som. Dev. Also written bear,
here w.Yks.3 [bia(r).] Weaving term : the number of
ends or threads (usually forty) into which a warp is
divided; the bunches of the warp. Also in cow/>. Beer-
chains. See Porter.
w.Yks. In woollen weaving 40 threads or ends ; a la-beer warp
would have twelve times 40 threads in a foot, or just 40 threads
to the inch. Forty or portieth was the older term (D.L.) ; w.Yks.3
In cotton weaving 38 threads form a here. Chs.1 w.Som.1 In
weaving, the width of a piece of cloth is determined not only by
the fineness of the reeds or sleigh, but by the number of beer of
40 threads each in the warp. Hence warps are known as 20, 30,
40 beer-chains, and thus the latter would be a warp containing
40 x 40 = 1600 threads. Used throughout the w. counties. Dev.
Have you sent those twenty-eight beer-chains ? Reports Provinc
(1882) 9.
[Beer (among weavers) is nineteen ends of yarn running
all together out of the trough, all the length of the cloth,
BAILEY (1721). Lit. a framework for carrying (cp. lit. E
bier). OE. beer, a portable bed, a bier.l
BEER, see Bear, Birr.
BEERAN, sb. Sc. A small trout.
Inv. In common use (H. E.F.).
BEERGOOD.56. Obsol. e.An. Also in forms bargood
e-An.1 Nrf.1 ; bergard e.An.12 ; bulgud Suf. ; burgad Nrf.1
Suf.1 Yeast. See Gosgood.
e.An. GROSE (1790) ; (K.) ; Gos-good is also called beer-good,
RAY (1691) Pref. ; e-An.1 Yeast, the flower or cream of it ; e.An.2
w.Nrf. He sould bergoods an' pinpanches, ORTON Beeston Ghost
(1884) 8. Nrf.1, Suf. (F.H.), Suf.1
[Ray (in Pref. 1691) understands this word as a comp.,
beer + good.}
BEER1N, ppl. adj. Or.I. Querulous, discontented.
Or-I^Well known. Used almost always in combination with
'eenn. She was always beerin an' eerin (H.M.E.). S. & Ork.1
[ME. bereti, to cry : Beerynge as a beorewhelp, Leg.
Holy Rood (c. 1400), ed. Morris, 140; The peple beryt lyk
wyld bestis, Wallace (c. 1470) VH. 457 (MATZNER). Cp.
ME. here, noise; OE. gebcere, behaviour, noise; OFns.
here, noise (RICHTHOFEN).]
BEERNESS, sb. ? Obs. N.Cy.1 A cellar or other place
where beer is kept. [Not known to our correspondents.]
BEES(E, see Beast.
BEESEN, see Bisson.
BEESNINS, see Beestings.
BEESS, see Beast.
BEEST, sb. Sc. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Glo. Also
Ken. Sur. Som. Also in forms base w.Som.1 ; beast
Cum. w.Yks.3 Chs.1 s.Chs.1 Ken.1 ; beeost Lan. ; beist Sc.
UAM.) ; biest Sc. ; bis- Ken.12; bish Sur.1
L The milk which a cow gives for the first few days
after calving. Freq. used aitrib. as in beest milk. See
Beestingls.
Sc. (JAM.) Abd. The head o't was as yallow as biest milk,
FORBES Jnt. (1742) 14. Cnm. (E.W.P.) Yks. Mrs. Thwaitc
brought in soom beast milk ; they'd a cow cauven. I'd joost got
my bread mixed w'en the beast came (F.P.T.). w.Yks. HUTTON
Tour to Caves (1781) ; BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865) ; CUDWORTH
Horton (1886) ; w.Yks.1 It is a custom for a farmer to make
a present of beest to his poor neighbours when a cow calves ;
w.Yks.35 Lan. Hawve a peawn o' treacle t'sewasn a beest
pudding wi', TIM BOBBIN View Dial. (1740) 24 ; A part ov a beest
custart, SCHOLES Tim Gamwattle (1857) 28; Lan.1 e.Lan.1
m.Lan.1 Custards med o' beest. Chs. (K.) ; Chs.1 Beast milk is
highly valued for making puddings, &c. , and is frequently sent by
farmers' wives as a present to friends who do not keep cows.
In country towns those who sell milk often send beast milk to
their customers as a present. — Beast-milk pudding, or beast
pudding, is a custard pudding, made by baking beast milk, which
solidifies without the addition of eggs. The dish is generally first
lined with pastry. Occasionally they are made in the form of
raised pies. The milk is sweetened and flavoured with nutmeg
or pudding spice. A very favourite dish. — Beast-milk porridge, or,
more generally, beast porridge, is beast milk heated over the fire
in a saucepan until it thickens. It must not be allowed actually
to boil, and must be stirred the whole time to prevent it solidifying.
It is sweetened and flavoured with nutmeg, and is very palatable.
It is always spoken of in the plural, as, ' They're very good.'
s.Chs.1 Der. GROSE (1790), nw.Der.1, Glo. Gl. (1851). Ken.1
Beasts, the first two or three meals of milk after a cow has calved.
Known also as Biskins, Bismilk, Poad-milk. w.Som.1 The bae-us,
bee'us, bae'us iruilk, or bee'us miilk is never used for dairy
purposes, but generally given to pigs. The word is used as
often without ' miilk ' as with it ' I've a stroked her down, for to
take off the base.'
Hence Beesty, adj. having the qualities of beest.
Chs.1 Milk is said to be beasty as long as it retains any of the
peculiar characteristics of beast milk, which coagulates with heat.
Beasty milk gives an intensely yellow colour to butter, and
a peculiar sweetish flavour to cheese ; accordingly it is not used
for either purpose at first. The custom is not to put beasty milk
into the cream-steen till after the third meal, nor into the cheese-
tub till after the fifth meal ; and that is often a little too soon,
cheese being spoiled by using it s.Chs.1
2. Comp. (i) Beist-cheese, see below; (2) -milk, a cow's
first milk after calving ; (3) -pudding, see below.
(i) Rnf. Beist-cheese, the first milk boiled to a thick consistence
(JAM.), (a) Sc. (JAM.), Be-Lan.1, Ken.12, Sur.1 (3) w.Yks. Beest
pudding is a boiled batter pudding with beest in place of ordinary
milk (H.L.) ; (S.P.U.)
[Beest, the first milk that comes from the teat, after the
birth of any thing, BLOUNT (1670) ; so COTGR. (s.v. Beton,
Colostre). OE. beost, ' obestrum,' Ef. Gloss. (SWEET O. E. T.
80). Cp. M_HG. biest (LEXER), Swiss dials, briest (TOBLER,
s.v. Bieslbrota).— Calleboute, curded or beesty, as the milk
of a woman that's newly delivered, COTGR.]
BEEST, v. Chs. Written beast. To obtain 'beest'
from a cow.
Chs.1 To beast a cow is to milk her for the first time after
calving. s.Chs.1
BEESTING(S, sb. Usually in pi. Sc. Irel. and in gen.
use in n. and midl. counties ; also e.An. Ken. Wil. Som.
Dev. Cor. Amer. Also with change of suff. beaslings
BEESTINGS
[223]
BEET
m.Yks.1; beastings n.Yks.3 w.Yks.24 Chs.123 n.Lin.1 Lei.1
Nhp.1 Glo. ; beastlings Irel. N.Cy.1 n.Yks.1 ne.Yks.1
\v Yks. Not.1 n.Lin.1 e.An.12; beastlins Nhb.1; beeslings
N.I.1 w.Yks.5 ; beestling(s w.Yks.1 Stf.1 sw.Lin.1 ; beest-
linsDur.1; beestning w.Yks.1; beesnins Rut.1; beezlins
e.An.1 Nrf.1 Suf.1 ; beisten N.Cy.1 ; beistyn Sc. ; beslings
n.Lin.1 Cmb.1 ; bestins Ken.2; be-ustins Brks.1; bislins
e.Yks.1 ; bisnings Nhp.12 War.2 s.War.1 Hnt. ; biskins
Ken.12; bisslings n.Yks.1 e.Yks.; bizningBdf.; hoistings
Stf. War.2 s.Wor.1 ; boistins Glo.1 Wil.1 ; boistlings War. ;
boystins Oxf.1 ; bwoistin Shr.1 ; bwystings se.Wor.1 ;
bystin(gs Stf.1 Shr.1 Also in shortened forms bisky-
w.Som.1 ; bizzy- nw.Dev.1; bussy- Cor.12; buzzy- Dev. Cor.2
1. The thick, rich milk which a cow gives when newly
calved. Also used attrib. Sec Beest.
Gall. Beesnan is at times made into pancakes, called Beesnan pan-
cakes, andalso into Beesnan scones. Thewordisin^cK. use (W.G.).
N.I.1 The milk got from a cow at the three first milkings after
she has calved. Ant. The milk when boiled coagulates, and makes
beesnin cheese, Ballymena Obs. (1892). Wxf. When she calves,
be sure to bring me the beestings, KENNEDY Evenings Duffrey
11868)165. s.Wxf. (P.J.M.) s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890). N.Cy.1
Nhb. (W.G.) ; Nhb.1 A ' beastlin puddin ' is considered a delicacy.
Dur. ' Cum. Boil'd fluiks ; tatey hash ; beastin puddin, ANDERSON
Ba llads \ 1805) Codbeck Weddin ; (J.Ar.) Wm.1 n. Yks. Good
beddin, Tibb, will mack it battin weel ; Now I will milk some
beestlings into th' skeel, MERITON Praise Ale (1684) 1. 27-8 ;
n.Yks.1 The usual custom is to portion the beastlings out among
such of his neighbours as the owner of the cow wishes to shew
a little kindly attention to. But, in the great majority of cases,
the jug or other vessel containing the present is scrupulously
returned unwashed. Not a few persons in this district send with
the present a special direction that the containing vessel be not
washed out, as otherwise, besides the general reason ' it is
unlucky,' the particular unluck of the newly-born calf's death
would be sure to befall ; n-Yks.23 ne.Yks.1 Beeaslin' puddin'.
e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788 ; e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks.
DYER Dial. (1891) 77; (S.P.U.); WILLAN List Wds. (1811) ;
w.Yks.124; w.Yks.5 A ' beesling ' pudding is held in high esti-
mation. When a cow has calven, the milkman gives notice to his
customers, who send vessels and arc served with a due proportion
gratis. Lan. GASKELL Lectures (1854) 17 ; GROSE (1790) ; Lan.1
It's as thick as beestins. Chs.123 s.Stf. PINNOCK Bit. Cy. Ann.
(1895). Stf.1; Stf.2 The farmers frequently send a ' can o' beestins '
as a gift to their customers or friends. Der.12, nw-Der.1 Not.
Mrs. D. has got some nice beestings (L.C.M.) ; (J.H.B.) s.Not.
(J.P.K.), Not.13 n.Lin.1 Puddings are commonly made of it ; and
it is the custom to send small quantities of it to the neighbours as
presents. It is very unlucky not to distribute gifts of beastlings,
or to wash out the vessels in which they have been sent. sw.Lin.1
You can't mak' custards without eggs, leastways without you've
some beestlings ; if you've beestlings, mebbe you can. The cauf
got the first sup of beestlings itsen. Rut.1 Lei.1 The ' first ' and
' second ' heastings are the first and second milk from a cow after
calving. Nhp.12, War. (J.R.W.), War.23 s.War.1 Also called
Cherry-curds. ne.Wor. It is considered unlucky to wash out the
jug or can in which beastings have been sent from the farmer or
milkman (J.W.P.). w.Wor.1, se.Wor.1 Shr.1 Beestings is of
a peculiar richness, and has the property of thickening when
cooked, as ordinary milk does with the addition of eggs. Mtg. It
is the custom in this county to give it to the cow to drink
(E.R.M.). Glo. GROSE (1790- MS. add. (H.) ; (A.B.) ; Gl. (1851) ;
MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863) ; Glo.1 Oxf.1 The first meal of milk
after the cow has calved is not used for food. The second and
third meals are used for puddings, known as Churry curds. Brks.1
Bdf. BATCHELOR Anal. Eng. Lang. (1809) ; (J.W.B.) Hnt. (T.P.F.)
e.An.12 Cmb.1 Go for some old milk, and ask when they expect to
have some beslings. Nrf.1 Beezlins is milk of the third or fourth
milking after calving. The first milking is called beestings, or
beastlings. Suf. RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 288, ed. 1849 ; Suf.1
The milk of the first meal or milking is reckoned not fit for use ;
the milk of the third or fourth meal is particularly sweet and
thick, and is deemed strengthening by rustics. Ken. (P.M.) ;
Ken.1 ; Ken.2 Biskins, bestins in e., bismilk in w. Ken. Wil.
BRITTON Beauties (1825) ; Wil.1 Dev. Rarely made use of from
a belief th^t it is unwholesome to every stomach but that of the
young calf, w.Times (Feb. 26, 1886) 2, col. a.
Hence Beestliny, adj. of milk : having the colour and
richness of ' beestings.'
n.Yks. T'milk's beeasliny yit (I.W.).
2. Cotnp. (i) Beesting-cheese, a cow's first milk boiled
to the consistency of soft cheese ; (2) -custard, see below;
(3) -milk, the milk of a newly-calven cow; (4) -pudding,
a baked custard pudding made of beestings.'
(i) Lnk. Beistyn-cheese (JAM.). (2) Stf.2, War.2 Shr.1 Becstin'-
custard is ' beestings ' flavoured with spice, sweetened, and baked
in a dish lined with paste. Also called Barfut-custard. (3)
n.Yks.2 ' A bottle of bissling-milk to make a bissling-pudding,' is
a common present amongst country neighbours ; but it is unlucky
to return the bottle rinsed, for the death of the young calf is sure
to follow. e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788). w.Som.1 Bisky-
milk is the commonest term in the district. Dev. No, mum, us
niver useth tha buzzymilk. Tidden glide vur nort, HEWETT Peas.
Sp. (1892). nw.Dev.1, Cor.12 (4) n.Yks.1 Beastling or beesling-
pudding ... is regarded as a great delicacy; n.Yks.2 e.Yks.1
The first milk of a cow after calving [is] generally made into
puddings, called bislin-puddins. w.Yks.1 Lin. Baacon an" taates,
an' a beslings-puddin' an' Adam's wine, TENNYSON A'. Cobbler
(1881). Nhp.1 A pudding made of the second milk after calving
is by some esteemed a delicacy, and termed a bisning-pudding.
War.2 ne.Wor. A beasting-pudding is a custard-pudding made
without eggs. No thickening of any kind is used, as the
beastings possess the quality of forming rich curds when baked.
Beastings are also used for making pancakes (J.W.P.X Shr.1
Beestin'-pudding, is 'beestings' made into a batter with flour, to
which are added sugar and carraway seeds ; then tied in a cloth
and boiled.
3. A preparation of artificially curdled milk.
[Kan., U.S.A. CARRUTH Kansas Univ. Quar. (Oct. 1892) I.]
[Beestings, Beastings, the first milk of a cow after
calving, BAILEY (1721) ; Colostra, the beestings, the thick
first milk after birth, COLES (1679) ; Colostre, beestings,
COTGR. ; A bestynge, colustrum, Cath. Angl. (1483). OE.
bystyng (Anglian besting). See Beest, sb.}
BEES-WAXERS, sb. pi. Slang. Thick laced boots
used at Winchester School for playing football.
Slang.(A.D.H.); SHADWELL Wyke. S/ang( 1859-1864); COPE Gl.
BEET, v. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf.
Lei. Glo. e.An. Ken. Hmp. Wil. Cor. Also written beat
Cum.1 Wm. Lei.1 Glo. e.An.1 Cor.1; beety Cor.12; beit
Sc. QAM.); bet- Nrf.1; bete Wm.1 w.Yks. n.Lan.1 ne.Lan.1
(K.) ; bait Hmp.1 [bit.]
1. To mend, repair. Used only of mending nets, or
joining thread.
w.Yks. In the woollen trade, to bete is to piece or join the ends
of a thread together. In beting the soft, slightly twisted threads
in the spinning, the fibres are opened and then pressed together
by rolling, and so if the joining is neatly done it is almost imper-
ceptible. Fully twisted threads are ' beted' by knotting (W.T.).
e.An.1 We seem to apply it only to mending the broken meshes of
a net. Nrf.1 Cor.1 Used by Mousehole fishermen : Cor.2
Hence (i) Beeter, sb., see below ; (2) Beeting, vbl. sb.
mending; a piece for mending warp; (3) Beetster, Better,
sb. a woman employed in mending nets.
(i) w.Yks.3 A piece put in to mend a warp when an end or
thread has broken. If it breaks in front of the ' yeld ' it only
wants once tying, otherwise twice. (2) Sc. Prov. Daily wearing
neids yearly beiting (JAM.). w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Aug 29,
1891) ; w.Yks.3 The more common form of Beeter, q.v. Lan.1,
e.Lan.1 (3) e.An.1 Nrf. Nrf. Jrn. (1808) 43 ; N. & Q. (1858)
2nd S. v. 116 ; Nrf.1 [In Yarmouth fisheries], in a long loft ... is
the workroom of the beetsters, women and girls engaged in betting
or mending the nets, 292. Suf. (F.H.)
2. To kindle or mend a fire ; to feed an oven. See
Bait, v.1
Sc. (JAM.) Ayr. RAMSAY Remin. (1872) xliv. Rxb. Forbye I
hae the kiln to beet Wi fuel late and early, RIDDELL Poet. Wks.
(ed. 1871) I. 131. n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.1 Especially applied
to straw, heath, fern, furze, and husks of oats for heating girdles
on which oaten cakes are baked. Nhb.1, Dur. (K.) Cum. Wheyle
to beet on the elden.yen ... sat up i' th' nuik, STAGG Misc. Poems
(1805) Auld Lang Seyne; Beet on the eldin (M.P.). Wm. Kirn,
beeat t'backstan, peel tales, Spec. Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 34; O t'pleasure
we bed was when we went oot a bit to beat t'fire for a nebber at was
baking, SOUTHEY Knitters e Dent in Doctor (1848) 559 ; Wm.1 A'v
bete t'fire oop and meead it bleeaz. w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Caves
(1781) ; WILLAN List Wds. (1811); Coam lass, put some coal on
an' beet up a good foire (D.L.~l ; w.Yks.1 He— yarks up t'fire-
poit, beets- fire— an peeps about, ii. 307. Lan. Jinny sed ther
BEET
[224]
BEETLE
mut be o vaste deyle o foires to beete, ORMEROD Fcllev fro Rachde
(18511 v : GASKELL Lectures (1854) 16 ; N. dfQ. (18651 3rd S. viii.
59 ; Lan.1 Tha mun get up an' beet t'fire to-morn. Come, stir
about — beet up th' fire, and make things tidy. n.Lan. Git sum
chats ta bit t'fair wi' (W.S.I ; n.Lan.'. ne.Lan.1 in. Lan.1 Ev'ry-
body knows wod beetin' th' fire is. e.Lan.1, Chs. 123 Stf. RAY
(1691) MS. add. (J.C.) Lei.1 Glo. Where they dry the malt with
wheaten straw there is a person (commonly some old man who
is fit for nothing else), who sits before the mouth of the oost or
kiln, and carefully supplies it with straw, GROSE (1790) MS. add.
(H.) Ken.jV. &Q. (1870) 4th S.vi. jai; (K.I Hmp. The housewife
still baits the fire, WISE New Forest (1883) 192; Hmp.1 Wil.
BRITTON Beauties (18251; Wil.1 Obs. Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808)
II. 422 ; Cor.1 To make or attend to a fire of turves.
Hence Beeting-stick, sb. a stick used for stirring the
fire in a brick oven.
Cum.1 By rubbing this stick on the arch of the oven after the
flame has subsided the proper heat is known by the sparks
emitted.
3. Fig. To rouse or feed a passion, esp. love ; to kindle.
Sc. Your blooming saft beauties first beeted love's fire, RAMSAY
Tea-Table Misc. I. 56, ed. 1871. Abd. But with mair wyles and
cann they bet the flame, And aye as they grew up, sae grew their
shame, Ross Hetenore (1768) 15, ed. 1812; Nae eek frae Nory's
hame-spun kirtle came, To catch the lover, or to beet the flame, ib.
27. Ayr. It heats me, it beets me, And sets me a' on flame, BURNS
Ep. to Davie (17841 ; Or noble Elgin beets the heav'nward flame,
ib. Cotter's Sat. Night (1785). Cum. Sic objects nobbut beat in
spleen, GILPIN Pop. Poetry (18751 124. Win. His words of weight
act like a charm On frozen hearts, and beat them warm, WHITE-
HEAD Leg. (1859) 9, ed. 1896.
4. To help, assist ; to supply a want, as in phr. to beet
a mister.
Sc. If twa or three hunder pounds can beet a mister for you in
a strait, ye sanna want it, Blackw. Mag. (1823) 314 (JAM.). Lnk.
This man may beet the poet bare and clung That rarely has a
shilling in his spung, RAMSAY Poems (ed. 1800) I. 353 (JAM.1 ;
Sma' need he has of sangs like mine To beet his name, ib. Gentle
Shep. (1725) 14, ed. 1783. Lth. This will beit a mister (JAM.).
w.Yks.1 I see thouz fain to beet him out, ii. 297. Cor. ' To bete
it out by little and little,' to inch it out. that it may hold out the
longer, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
5. Comp. (i) Beet-master, -mister, (2) -need, a person
or thing that helps in an emergency ; a last resource
a stop-gap.
(i) Sc. She enlarged on the advantage of saving old clothes to
be what she called ' beet-masters to the new,' SCOTT Old Mortality
(1816) xl. Lth. (JAM.) (2) N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 We'll not have to use
it except as a beet-need. w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds.; w.Yks.1 Hees oft
been my beet-need, ii. 307 ; w.Yks.2 ; w.Yks.3 I'll not be
Mrs. So-and-so's beet-need. Lan. Aw'll nare stop i' th' place to be
th' beet-neeto' no woman, LAHEE Oa/rf Yem,2^ ; GROSE (1790^ A/S.
add. (P.) ; DAVIES Races (1856) 270 ; Lan.1 Also called boot-need
q.v. e.Lan.1
[1- Pypen he coude and fisshe, and nettes bete, CHAUCER
A. 3927 ; Beetynge her nettis, WYCLIF (1382) Matt. iv.
It. bcetende heora nett (mending their nets), Rushw.
Gosp Matt. iv. 21. 2. Bad beit the fyire, and the candill
alycht, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, in. 78 ; I wol
don sacrifice, and fyres bete, CHAUCER C. T. A. 2253 OE
betan to improve ; cp. OFris. beta, to amend (RICHTHOFEN)'
OS. bottan.]
BEET, see Bate, Beat.
BEET-HAMMER, sb. Nhb. A mason's hammer
having a flat face at one end and a point at the other
Nhb. In constructing a wall much knapping and trimming is
necessary, and the mason fits in his material, piece bv piece bv
using his beet-hammer (R.O.H 1 • Nhb >
BEETHY, see Bathy, Beath.
BEETLE, sb. In gen. use in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
written biddle Sur.1 ; bightle Hmp.1 ; bitel Brks? ;
r^vV TrV ™ £evY ^ittle Sc" Nhb' n- Yks-12 ne- Yks. '
m.Yks.1 Glo.1 Wil. Dor.1 Dev. Cor. ; bittul I.W.1; bwidle
bom. ; bydle Dev. [brtl, bi'tl.]
1. A heavy wooden mallet, often bound with iron used
mallet C? bSuJf' ^'^ flagstones' &c^ a Catcher's
Sc. He that gi'es a' his gear to his bairns Take up a bittle and
ding out his harns, RAMSAY Prov. (1737) ; The sonorous beetle o,
Also
bitle
the metal clangs, And champs destructive, DAVIDSON Seasons d 789 ">
97. e.Yks.1 w.Yks. BANKS Wkfld. Wds. 11865^: w.Yks.s Also
called a Flegging-mell. Lan.1 A large wooden hammer, with
more handles than one. Der.2. nw.Der.1. Not.1. n.Lin.1, Lei.1.
Nhp.1, War. (J.R.W.), War.23, S.Wor.1, se.Wor.1 Shr.1 Used
for driving iron wedges into wood for the purpose of splitting it.
Hrf.2, Glo. ^.B.l, Glo.12 Oxf.1 ' Yoov got u ed un soa uv u
bee-tl' [you've got a 'ead and so 'av a beetle] is a reproach for
forgetfulness. Brks.1 The Bitel and Wedges obtains as a public-
house sign. Bdf. (J.W.B.), Hnt. (T.P.F.), Nrf.' Suf. (C.T. !;
Till Giles with ponderous beetle foremost go, And scattering
splinters fly at every blow, BLOOMFIELD Farmers Boy ( 1805) 67,
ed. 1845 ; Suf.1 A large, heavy, wooden hammer, hooped with iron
round its heads, and studded all over with nails, for the purpose
of riving wood with iron wedges. Ess. No season to hedge, get
beetle and wedge, TUSSER Husbandrie (1580) 59. Ken.1 Sur.
In the woodhouse . . . there was a place for everything. . . . Axes
for timber falling and for lopping, .. .the beetle, and a set of wedges
for wood-splitting, Times (Dec. 7, 1894) 13, col. 4 ; Sur.1 A stake-
biddle is that which is used for driving stakes, a long or dumb-
biddle for cleaving wood. The latter has two rings at the end to
prevent the wood from ' spalting ' [splitting]. Hmp. ELLIS Promm
(18891 V. 96; Hmp.1, I.W.12 Wil. SLOW Rhymes (1889) Gl. ;
The dull thuds of a far off mallet or 'bitel' driving in a stake'
JEFFERIES Gamekeeper (1887) 107; Wil.1 The small mallet with
which thatchers drive home their ' spars.' Dor. Down came the
beetle upon poor John Smith's hand, and smashed en to a pummy,
HARDY Blue Eyes (cd. 1880) 74 ; The dull thud of the beetle which
drove in the spars, ib. Madding Crowd (1874) xxxvi ; Dor.1
A knocker very little Less to handle than a bittle, 279. Som.
W. &J. Gl. (1873); SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885). Dev. The
pron. seems to vary, rhyming with fiddle or sidle. ' I saw old
Burn the Bydle.' ' Who is he ? ' ' Why, the man they call by
that name ; he broke a bydle, and then burnt the wood of it,'
Reports Provinc. (1891) ; I must ask the carpenter for his bittle,
ib. (,1884) u ; Plaize til vatch in tha bittel an' wadges, I wan'th tQ
slat thease moots, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892"). n.Dev. A barker,
barraquail, a bittle, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 67. nw.Dev.1
A thatcher's, also a wheelwright's, mallet Cor.2 [Who gives away
his goods before he is dead. Take a beetle and knock him on the
head, RAY Prov. (1678) 123; There goes the wedge where the
beetle drives it, ib. 216.]
2. A mallet or pounder for kitchen use, for bruising
barley, mashing potatoes, &c.
Sc. The large wooden beetle, made use of by our ancestors to
bruise and take the outer husk from the barley, to fit it for the pot,
before barley mills were invented. Obsol., CALLANDER Notes on Two
Anc. Sc. Poems (1782). Or.I. ' Aroint ye, ye limmer,' she added,
' out of an honest house, or, shame fa" me, but I'll take the bittle
to you,' SCOTT Pirate (1822) vi. GalL Holding a heavy potato
beetle in her hand . . . she delivered the fellow the heavy end of
the beetle on the side of his thick head, CROCKETT Raiders (1894)
xxvii. Ir. The dresser . . . hed on it ... noggins without hoops,
a beetle, and some crockery, CARLETON Traits Peas. (1843) I. 92.
N.I.1 Nhb.1 A potato masher.
3. A flat piece of wood used by dyers, or by washer-
women, to beat clothes. See Bat, s*.1, Battledore.
Ayr. Twa dyers wi their beetles couldna hae done me more
harm, GALT Entail ( 1823) v. Ir. Women ... on their knees by the
water side, washing out their linen, . . . laying the things on a flat
stone or board, and beating them with an oblong piece of wood,
called a beetle, Monthly Pckt. (May 1855) 384. Nhb.' Stone beetles
were at one time in use. They were superseded by wooden ones
in later times. n.Yks. It is on record, that the bittle, or beating
with battledores of clothes, which the fairies were wont of old
time to wash in Claymoor Well, a mile away upon the hill, was
plainly audible at Runswick by night, LEYLAND Yks. Coast (1892;
iii ; n-Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 Bittle and Pin, the mangle in old-fashioned
houses for minor articles of linen. The bittle is a heavy wooden
battledore ; the pin is the roller ; and with the linen wound round
the latter, it is rolled backwards and forwards on a table by hand-
pressure upon the battledore. Thus the fairies are said to mangle
their clothes ; and at Claymore well, on our coast, the strokes of
the bittles on washing nights have been heard fora mile beyond the
scene of their operations ! ne.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 n.Lan.1 Obs.
4. Comp. (i) Beetle-cark, the head of a wooden beetle ;
(2) -finish, see below ; (3) -head, (a) a young tadpole, (b)
the bull-head or miller's thumb, Cottus gobio, (c) a block-
head ; (4) -headed, stupid, dull ; (5) -hicht, the height of
a beetle ; applied to persons of small stature.
BEETLE
[225]
BEFORN
(i) s.Wor. (H.IO 2 Lan.1 ' Beetle-finish' is applied to cloth
in the bleaching of which a large hammer is used. (3, al Ant.
Ballymena Obs. (1892'. (b Dor. BARNES Gl. ^1863). 'c,Som.
W. & J. Gl. 1873 . (4 Der.1 Lin.1 Go along, you beetle-headed
gowk. War.2, se.Wor.1 Glo. How bittle-yedded you be(S.S.B.>.
< 5) n.Sc. (W.G.~1
5. Phr. (i) As blind as a beetle ; (2) as deaf as a beetle, AS
deaf as a post.
(i) Nhb.1 'As blind as a bittle,' a very common expression. Lei.1
w.Som. Blai-n-z u baa'tl, ELWORTHY Cram. (1879^ 22. (2" Glo.1
Ken.1 As death [sic] as a beetle. Sur.1 (s. v. Deaf. ) n.Wil. (E.H.G.)
Dev.3
[1. A betell or mallet, malleus ligneus, tudes, BARET
(1580); Betylle, malleus, Prompt. 3. Have I lived thus
long to be knockt o' th' head With half a washing beetle,
FLETCHER Warn. Prize (1626) u. vi (N.E.D.) ; Betyll to
bete clothes with, battoyr, PALSGR. (1530) ; Batyldoure, or
wasshynge bety\\e,fereiorium, Prompt. OE. bytel (Anglian
betel); cp. MHG. bozel, cudgel (LEXER). Cogn. w. OE.
bealan, to beat ; MHG. dozen.]
BEETLE, f.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Also written bittle
Sc. N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 [brtl, bi'tl.]
1. To beat, pound.
Sc. Then lay it [yarn] out to dry in your bleaching-yard ; but
be sure never to beat or beetle it, MAXWELL Set. Trans. 1743^ 344
(JAM.). Lth. To bittle lint, to bittle singles d'A.). Uls. In
common use (M.B.-S.) ; It was remarked of a late professor that
he ' soaped ' his students when out of his class, and ' beetled '
them in it, Uls. Jrn. Arch. (1857) V. 104. N.Cy.1 Esp. to beat
hemp or grain out of gleanings. Nhb.1 ' Aa feel as if aa'd been
bittled aa ower.' Said on feeling stiff and sore all over, as if the
sensation were that of having been beaten with a stick. Singles,
or handfuls of corn gathered by gleaners, are carried home and
afterwards bittled.
Hence Beetlt praties, mashed potatoes.
Gall. W.G.)
2. To beat linen in order to clean it or render it smooth.
Cf. beetling-stone.
Sc. The sheets . . . were washed wi' the fairy-well water, and
bleached on the bonny white gpwans, and bittled by Nelly and
hersell, SCOTT Guy M. (1815) xxiv. Ayr. The married state was
made for something else than to make napery and beetle blankets,
GALT Annals (1821) xxxii. Cum. Or mappen wad beetle a carlin
sark, DICKINSON Cumbr. (1876) 237.
BEETLE, i/.2 Sc. To project, to grow long and sharp.
Sc. (A.W.) Fit Her nose grows out, and shoots, and lengthens
at the blow, . . . And aye it swells and beetles more and more,
Tap'ring to such a length its queer disgrace, TENNANT Anster
(1812) 120.
[The dreadful summit of the cliff That beetles o'er his
base into the sea, SHAKS. Hamlet, i. iv. 71.]
BEETLING, vbl. sb. Sc. Irel. Cum. Yks. Lan. Also
Nhp. Also written bittling n.Yks. ; bittilling Sc. [brtlin,
bi-tlin.] '
1. The act of striking with a ' beetle.'
Sc. This custom of beetling the barley has not ceased yet in
some places in the Highlands ; and many of the hollow stones,
used as the mortar, are still to be seen about our farmyards, though
they are no longer applied by them to the former purpose,
CALLANDER Notes on Two Anc. Sc. Poems (1782). Ir. Monthly
.Pckt. (May 1855) 384. n.Yks. She told ... of the fairy dancing,
of their retreat to their underground habitations, and 'bittling'
their clothes, ATKINSON Maori. Par. (1891) 68. Nhp.1
2. Comp. (i) Beetling-machine, (2) -mill, see below;
(3) -stone, a flat stone on which clothes are placed to be
' beetled ' or smoothed.
(i) Lan. There is used a large ponderous machine, called a
1 Beetling Machine,' which is made of a number of heavy beech (?)
logs, or beetles, so arranged as to rise and fall consecutively upon
calicoes falling upon them, N. &Q. (1867) 3rd S. xi. 410; This
machine is used by bleachers, and is composed of a number of
rammers or beetles fixed all in a row and lifted up by a revolving
shaft It is used to give the cloth a better appearance. Formerly
it was only applied to white cloth or calico, but it is now used to
printed and other kinds of cloth (S.W.). (2) N.I.1 A mill fitted
with large wooden beetles, raised perpendicularly by machinery
and falling with their own weight, for finishing linen. (3) Rxb.
He set himseV doun on our bittilling-stane, RIDDELL Poet. Wks.
(ed. 1871) II. 202. Cum. Or mappen wad beetle a carlin sark On
VOL. I.
t'bcetlin' steann at door, DICKINSON Cumbr. '1876) 237. Lan.1
Beetlin'-stean. nXan.1 A few years ago a large boulder stood by
the side of the well at the corner of Well Street, Ulverston ; it
was then called the ' Beetlin-steean.'
BEET-RAW, sb. Sc. The red beet, beet-root.
Sc. Commonly used (A.W.) ; The skin of the apple is a deep
red, and the inner corr [core] cuts red like beetraw, MAXWELL Stl.
Trans. (1743) 271 (JAM.).
[Beetraddish, Beetrave, a kind of beet, an herb used in
sallad, ASH (1795) ; Beet-raves are made use of to colour
wine, BAILEY Housh. Diet. (1736). Fr. bette-rave, a kind of
delicate red parsenip, which boyled, yields a sweet ver-
milion sap (CoTGR.). Lat. beta + rapa.}
BEETSEL, sb. e.An.1 [brtsl.] The time for sowing
beet. Cf. barley-sele, hay-sele.
BEEVER, sb. Obsol. Som. A hedge-side overgrown
with brambles ; a growth of brambles. See Beaver, sb.3
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). e.Som. The word is occas. used by
old farm labourers. Beevers are found on land where the fences
are not well kept (G.S.).
BEEVER, see Bever.
BEEZE, v. Dor. To turn out, drive out.
Dor. When carter lads are waiting in the stable for the moment
to start their teams, one would say to the other, ' Now then, be
toime to beeze out ? ' (H.J.M.) ; (C.K.P.)
BEEZEN, see Bisson.
BEEZINS, BEEZLINS, see Beestings.
BEEZLE, see Beastle.
BEFANG, v. Yks. [bafa'rj.] To seize upon, to
clutch.
n.Yks.2 Come here an' I'll befang thee.
[par Brutus bifeng al )>at him biforen wes, LAJAMON
(c. 1205) I. 36 (MATZNER) ; Hig woldon ¥one Haelend on
hys sprsece befon, Corpus Gosp. (c. 1000) Matt. xxii. 15.
OE. befon, to seize, catch ; pp. befangen.]
BEFANGLED, pp. Shr.1 [bafse-rjld.] Smartly
dressed or decorated, bedizened.
[Be- +fangled, q.v.]
BEFF, sb. Sc. [bef.] A stupid person.
n.Sc. He's a stoopit beff o' a cheel ; he kens naething an can
dee naething. She's a saft beff o' a dehm ; she thinks it ilka lad
it leuks at her is gyan t'mairry her (W.G.). Bnff.1
BEFF, see Baff.
BEFFIN, sb. Sc. Also written beffan. [be'fan.] A
soft, stupid person.
n.Sc. Beffan has a somewhat intenser meaning than beff (W.G.).
Bnff.1
BEFLUM, v. Sc. Yks. [banirm.] To deceive by
cajoling language, to ' humbug.' See Flurn.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.~ ; Then, on the other hand,
I beflumm'd them wi' Colonel Talbot, Scorr IVaverley (1814) I1"5' ;
An I had been the Lord High Commissioner they couldna hae
beflumm'd me mair, ib. Bride of Lam. (1819) xxv. n.Yks.2
BEFONDED, see Baffounded.
BEFONG, sb. Obs. Sc. A kind of handkerchief or
material of which handkerchiefs were made.
Edb. CHAMBERS Traditions (1825' 59.
BEFORE, adv., prep, and conj. Var. dial, uses in Sc.
and Eng.
1. adv. Of a watch or clock : fast.
Sc. My watch is before, Monthly Mag. (1798) II. 437 ; (G.W.)
2. prep. In front of; hence accompanying, with.
Ken.2 Carry it before you. Have the horse before you to the
field.
3. conj. Rather than.
Sc. I would die before I would break my word, Scotic. (1787) 13.
4. Inphr. (i) before after, until after; (2) before ought's
long, soon, before long.
(i ) Ken. We should often say, ' I shall not go out before :
twelve o'clock' (P.M.) ; Ken.1 Dev. Before after dinner, GROSE
(1700) MS. add. (C.) (a) w.Yks. Tha may find thisen thear
befoor owt's long, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (18831 23 ; BANKS Wkfld.
Wds. (1865) ; w.Yks.2
BEFORN, adv., prep, and conj. Som. Also written
bevorne. Before.
Som Beforn tha Justice tha her brought. JENNINGS Obs. Dial.
BEFRAM
[226]
BEGGAR
w.Eng. (1825") 175 ; The time ma be longful, Beforn I on thy
drashel again zet my eye, ib. 94 ; W. & J. Gl. (1873%
[ME. bifor(e)n, OE. beforan, before. Biforn the heighe
bord He with a manly voys seith his message, CHAUCER
C. T. F. 98.]
BEFRAM, adv. S. & Ork.1 [bafra'm.] To seaward.
[Be- +fram. ON.fram, forward ; cp. OHG.fram (vram).}
BEFRONT, adv. Sur. In front.
Sur. He is about six yards befront. ./V. (7 Q. (1889) 7th S. vii. 205.
[Be-, by+front.]
BEFT,v. Sc. Cum. [beft] To beat, to strike. Cf. baff.
Sc. I wull beft doun his faes afore his fece, RIDDELI. Ps. (1857)
Ixxxix. 23. Cum. Ah'll beft ye (J.D.).
Hence Befting, vbl. sb. a beating.
Cum. He gat sec a beftin (J.D.).
[The wroth of the goddis has doun beft The cietie of
Troye, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, 11. 104 ; Nu wit
bastons bai him beft Ful grimli to j>e grund, Cursor M.
(c. 1300) 15831.]
BEG, v. Yks. Chs. Not. Rdn. In phr. (i) Beg back, to
ask to be taken back ; (2) — cavy, to beg pardon.
(i) w.Yks. I gat sekt an Sen went an begd bak (J.W.).
s.Not. My maid as I sent about 'er business a month ago come
yesterday and wanted to beg back (J.P.K.). (a) Chs.1 It has been
suggested, with good show of reason, that the word is probably
a corruption of ' Peccavi.'
Hence (i) Begging, vbl. sb. a very small quantity; (2)
Begging-day, vbl. sb. Obsol. St. Thomas' Day, on which
children go round begging for corn, apples, &c. for
Christmas Day. Also called Mumping Day.
(i) Rdn. I wouldn't give a begging, MORGAN Wds. (1881).
(2) w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. \ The word is not used at Ossett, but the
custom of begging wheat still remains ; it was fairly common
fifteen years ago, but is now very rare (M.F.) ; (B.K.)
BEG, see Big.
BEGABBED,//. n.Yks.2 Talked over; reported from
one to another.
n.Yks. Not common now (T.S.).
BEGAGED, ppl. adj. Som. Dev. Also written bag-
gaged, begaiged, begeged Dev. [bigea'dzd.] Bewitched,
hag-ridden.
w.Som.1 Poor soul, her never 'ant a got no luck like nobody
else ; I ont never bleive eens her idn a begaged by zomebody or
nother. Dev. A reck'n th' ould house be begayged, MADOX-BROWN
Dwale Bluth (1876) I. iv ; w. Times (Feb. 26, 1886) 2, col. 2.
n.Dev. Wart tha baggaged ? Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 4 ; Absleutly tha
art bygaged, ib. 1. 251 ; Begaiged wi' bloo' o' lips or skin, ROCK
Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 135; GROSE (1790). Dev.i A slat and
scat the things about as thof the godger was in an. Wan wid
a thort ha was begeged, 4 ; Dev.3
[This word is prob. due (with change of pref.) to the vb.
engage, used in the sense of ' to charm, fascinate.' When
beauty ceases to engage, PRIOR (c. 1721) (JOHNSON);
Virtue has in herself the most engaging charms, BERKELEY
Essay in Guardian (1713) No. 55.]
BEGAR, int. Irel. Wil. Som. Written begaur Som.
An exclamation, a disguised oath. See By Gar.
Ir. Begar, a judge couldn't come up to you, CARLETON Traits
Peas. (1843) I. 309. Wil. The guests begun ta think it strainge,
Begar thay look'd main queer, SLOW Rhymes (1880) 59 ; SLOW Gl
(1892). Som. (J.S.F.S.) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873).
BEGARIE, v. Obs. Sc. To bespatter ; to variegate
with colours.
Sc. Some Whalley's Bible did begarie By letting flee at it
canarie, COLVILL Poem (1681) pt. i. 59 ; Then sta away for shame
to hide him, He was so well begarried, WATSON Coll. (1706) I. 48
(JAM.).
Hence Begarred, ppl. adj. covered with filth.
[GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)]
[Dames, satyne, begaryit mony wise, DOUGLAS Police
°J. 'Honour (1501), ed. 1874, I- 22. Fr. bigarrer, to diver-
sine, vary, mingle or make of sundry colours (CoiGR )
See PALSGR. 482.]
BEGECK, v. and sb. Sc. [bige'k.]
1. v. To deceive, jilt.
Abd. Ye'd better want him than he sud begeck you, Ross
Helenore (1768) 93, ed. 1812.
2. sb. A disappointment, a trick.
Sc. Play himseP sic a slee Begeck that day, SKINNER Poems
(1859) n. Abd. Dawvid bed gi'en them a' a begeck, ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb (1871) xxxviii.
[1. Wyse wemen hes wayis . . . With greit ingyne to
begaik thair jeleous husbandis, DUNBAR Maitland Poems
(c. 1513) 61 (JAM.). Be- + geek (vb.), q.v.]
BEGEGED, see Begaged.
BEGES, adv. Sc. Yks. Also written begess. [b9ge's,
bige's.] By chance ; at random.
Sc. I chanst to gang in beges By ganging out the gait, WATSON
Coll. (1706) II. 30 GAM.) ; In common use all over Sc. (G.W.V
Bnff. Quite common. Lassie, a met yer father b'giss i' the market
(W.G.). w.Yks. It war oal dun bige's (J.W.).
[Repr. by guess. To keep trewe weight and selle peper
by gesse ... it accordith nought, LYDGATE M. Poems, 58
(MATZNER).]
BEGET, v.1 Not. Lin. [bage't] To happen to, befall.
s.Not. (J.P.K.) s.Lin. I lost my knife this morning; I couldn't
tell what had begot it, A^. & Q. (1882) 6th S. v. 207. sw.Lin.1
I don't know what has begot it.
[OE. begilan, to get, take, seize. The same word as lit.
E. beget (' procreare ').]
BEGET, v? Som. Dev. To forget.
w.Som.1 Pret. beegau-t ; pp. u-beegau't. I beget whe'er I have
or no. n.Dev. Es begit whot Quesson twos, Exm. Crtshp. (1746)
1- 493-
[A contam. form of forget, with change of pref. for- to
the more common be-.]
BEGGAR, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan.Chs. Der
Nhp. War. Wor. Shr. Glo. Bck. e.An. Ken. Hmp. Dev.
Slang. Written bagger se.Wor.1
1. In comp. (i) Beggar -banger, an officer whose duty
it was to expel beggars from the town ; (2) -barm, barm
of the poorest kind ; anything worthless ; (3) -'s barm or
balm, foam or froth collected on water ; (4) -bed, a bed
allotted to beggars, gen. in the barn ; (5) -'s brown, a kind
of snuff ; (6) -face, a term of mock anger applied to
children ; (7) -inkle, a coarse kind of tape, usually sold
by beggars ; (8) -leg or lug, see -face ; (9) -maker, a pub-
lican ; (10) -man, a beggar ; (n) -'s pincushion, the fruit
of the wild rose ; (12) -plaits, creases in a garment ; (13)
•'s plush, corduroy ; (14) -'s stab, a coarse sewing-needle ;
(15) -'s staff, fig. a state of bankruptcy or beggary ; (16)
•'s velvet, fluff shaken from a feather-bed and left to
collect by untidy housemaids ; (17) -wench, a beggar-girl.
(i) Nhp.2 An officer under the Corporation of Brackley, whose
duty it is to ' bang,' i.e. expel, all beggars from the limits of the
town. (2") Lan. An' am I th' last foo there is left to swill his
throttle wi' beggar-berm, and barrel-weshin's ? WAUGH damn.
Corner (1874) 252 ; Lan.1 Barm of the poorest kind, given away
to those who beg barm, because it is hardly good enough to sell.
The word is commonly applied to anything worthless, esp. to
worthless talk. ' I don't believe i' none sich like things,' said the
landlord. 'It's o' beggar-berm an' bull-scutter,' WAUGH Chimn.
Corner (1874). (3) Der. 2, nw.Der.1, Nhp. * War 3 The discoloured
froth or scum accumulating at bridges or in other places when a
river or stream is checked after a storm. [BREWER (1870).] (4) Sc.
The beggars' bed was made at e'en wi' gude clean straw and hay,
HERD Co//. (1776) II. 27, ed. 1869 JAM. Suppl). (5) Sc. Light
brown snuff which is made of the stem of tobacco. In Eng. gen. de-
nominated Scotch snuff (JAM.). (6) m.Yks.1 ' I've a good mind to go
aways and see how our peaches is getting on.' 'I lays [wager] thou
won't, thou young beggar-face. ' w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Sept. 5,
1891). (7) Cum. He selt beggar-inkle, caps, muslins, and cottons,
GILPIN Sugs. (1866-) 403. w.Yks. 2, Lan l aLan.1 The looms by
which it [beggar-inkle] was manufactured being sosmall and compact
that a large number could be placed in one room, hence the phrase
'as thick as inkle weavers,' i.e. particularly intimate. War.3 It is a
common article, and is only bound with beggar's incle. (8) m.Yks.1
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Sept. 5, 1891) ; Side aht o' t'gate,
yo' little beggerlegs (^E.B.). (9) Ken. A beggar happ'ning once
to pop Into a beggar-maker's shop, NAIRNE Tales (1790) 46, ed.
1824. Slang. FARMER. [HOLLOWAY.] (10) se.Wor1 (n)War.3
(12) Sc. (JAM. Suppl.) Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892); Wrinkles
or creases in a person's clothes, as if they had been slept in
W.H.P.). (13! Hmp. The hair [seemed] to stare more than
ordinary, or look like beggars-plush, LISLE Husbandry (1757) 267.
BEGGAR
Slang. A person ... in a dark grey cloth coat, . . . breeches
of beggar's plush, Lon. Gazette (1688) No. 2379, 4 (FARMER).
(141 N.I.1 (15) n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 ' They brought him te beggarstaff,'
to the condition of a beggar, as with a staff in hand he goes from
door to door. ne.Yks.1 Rare. He'll seean cum ti t'beggar-staff.
m.Yks.1 (i61 Chs.13, e.An.1, Nrf.1 (17' se.Wor.1
2. Comp. in plant-names: (i) Beggar -brushes, wild
clematis, C. vitalba ; (2.) -lice, Galium aparine, the seeds
of which adhere to the clothes ; also the dry husks of
grass-seed; (3) -s' basket, Pulmonaria officinalis; (4)
-'s buttons, the flower-heads and burrs of burdock,
Arclium lappa ; (5) -'s needle, the shepherd's needle,
Scandix pecten veneris ; see Adam's needle ; (6) -'s stalk,
the great mullein, Verbascum thapsus. See also Beggar-
weed.
(i) Bck. (a) Nhp.1 Called also Heiriffe, Gosling Grass, Scratch-
weed, Beggar-weed, Bur-weed, and Pigtail. Glo^So called from
the itching they produce in the hayfield. Bck. Hmp. N. & Q.
(1880) 6th S. i. 329. (3) Chs.1 Beggars' basket, a very frequent
plant in cottage gardens ; Chs.3 (4) Dev.1 Bachelor's buttons,
called also Beggar's or Cuckhold's buttons ; Dev.4 (5) Midi.
MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796). War.3 Wor. In Sus. a weed very
prejudicial to corn is called Pork or Puck's needle. It goes by the
name of Beggar's needle in Wor., ALLIES Antiq. (1852) 425. Shr.
The fellows always throw up the beggar's needle, Science Gossip
(1870) 227 ; Shr.1 (6) Cum.1 Also called Beggar's blanket.
3. A term of reproach or mock anger ; also a term of
address to a familiar.
Nhb.1 Where's the little beggar gan te ? ' The Skipper saw'd
first, and he gov a greet shout, How, beggar, man, Dick, here's
a grunstone afloat,' ARMSTRONG Floatin' Grunstan (c. 1883-4).
n.Yks. (I. WO w.Yks. Yo' little beggar, what's teh done that for ?
Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Sept. 5, 1895). Coll. ' Poor old beggar ! ' said
Trelyon to himself, ' I wonder if he's married, and if he's got any
kids that one could help,' BLACK Three Feathers.
4. In phr. to sue a beggar to catch a louse, see below.
Ken. A proverb expressing the uselessness of bringing a lawsuit
against a man of straw (P.M.).
BEGGAR, v. Chs. Stf. Nhp. War. Wor. Shr. Brks.
Ken. Som. Dev. Written bagger se.Wor.1 Som. Dev.
1. To impoverish ; gen. used of land.
Chs.1 If you use go-hanna year after year, it'll beggar th' land.
Nhp.1, War. (J.R.W.) Shr 2 Farmers talk of certain crops beggar-
ing their land. Brks.1 That beggared I [made me bankrupt].
Hence Beggared, ppl. adj. impoverished.
Shr.1 Said of land that has been ' let down ' from want of manure
and tillage.
2. In phr. (i) I'm beggared, beggar thee, &c. ; (2) baggar-
nation-saze-it, a mild expletive or quasi-oath.
Stf.2 The be beggared, lad, the art na goin juke [cheat] me a
that'ns. Oi'll be beggared if oi'ill lend 'er my best bonnet ; 'ers
a brazen 'ussy to ask. Glo. (S.S.B.) Som. Zes ee ' Be bagger'd
if you shan't,' PULMAN Skelclies (1842) 46, ed. 1853. Dev. I'm
baggered'ef I wunt be aiven wi' yu avore long, HEWETT Peas.
Sp. (1892) ; I bant agwaine tii be sard like that again, I'm baggered
ef I be ! ib. 54 ; Then baggered ef fust thing 'e sees baint Tom
'isself along wi' Jem, PHILI.POTTS Dartmoor (1895) 205. nw.Dev.1
May you be beggar'd. (al se.Wor.1
BEGGARING, ppl. adj. Sur. Som. Dev. Also written
baggering Dev. Worrying, tiresome.
Sur. There's been a beggaring snag [snail] in among my plants
(T.S.C.). Som. If he could only change his stockings he could beat
the beggering things, RAYMOND Love and Quiet Life (1894) 216.
Dev. Theer was the baggerin' gert boards hall round the woods,
PHILLPOTTS Dar/moor (iS<)5) 219; Til keep they baggering witches
from agwaine to zay in a eggboat, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) ; Joey
. . . appealed to all within call to come ' an' 'elp'n wi' thease
baggering pegs,' ib. 16 ; He was sure to have missed his way, ' all
owing to them beggaring little pigsies,' TOZER Poems (1873) 76.
BEGGARLY, adj. Lin. Nhp. Shr. Oxf. Of land:
poor, not productive, in bad cultivation.
n-Lin.1 Land which has become exhausted from wanting manure
is said to have become beggarly. Nhp.1 Shr.1 Beggarly land is
land that will not yield well ; Shr.2 A beggarly bit o' groun'. Oxf.1
MS. add.
BEGGAR-MAN'S OATMEAL, sb. Lei. Hedge
garlic, Alliaria officinalis.
BEGGAR-WEED, sb. (i) Greater dodder, Cuscuta
europaea (Dor.) ; (2) C. tnfolii (Bdf. Wil.) ; (3) Galium
[227!
BEGLAMMER
(Bdf.); (ri
Spergula
aparine (Nhp.) ; (4) Heracleum sphondyliitni
Polygonum aviculare (ib.) ; (6) Corn spurry.
arvensis (ib.).
(i) Dor. Ann. Agric. (1784-1815 ; MANSEL-PLEYDELL Flora
(1874). (2) Wil.1 So called from its destructiveness to clover, &c.
(3) Nhp.1 See Beggar-lice. ,6) Bdf. BATCHELOR Anal. Eng. Lang.
(1809).
BEGGARY, sb.1 n.Cy. e.An. Of land : poverty, un-
productiveness.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790") Suppl. e.An.1 The copious and various
growth of weeds in a field. Nrf. Land let down through a want
of manure and tillage, is said to run to beggary, MARSHALL Rur.
Econ. (1787).
Hence Beggary, adj. full of weeds.
e.An. B. & H. Nrf.1
BEGGARY, sb* e.An. A plant-name, prob. for
Fumaria officinalis.
e.An.2 A specific plant, which infects gravel walks and spots of
hard barren ground ; a kind of moss, or more resembling a conferva
in water.
BEGGEL, v. Chs. [be-gl.] Small beer, treacle beer.
Chs.1 This ale is good for nowt ; it's nowt bu' beggel.
BEGGING-POKE, sb. Yks. A beggar's bag, in which
to put the scraps of food, &c. given him on his rounds.
n.Yks.1; n.Yks.2 He coomed t'tak' oop wi' t'begging-pooak, he
was reduced to the condition of begging his bread (ed. 1855).
ne.Yks.1 Rare. It was sometimes made of ' harden,' sometimes
simply a pillow-slip. w.Yks. Common in Wilsden, Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (Sept. 5, 1891).
BEGGOWN, see Bedgown.
BEGGUGLED, ppl. adj. Sh.I. Destroyed by mud,
slime, &c.
Sh.I. (J.J.) S.&Ork.1
BEGIBBED, pp. Obsol. Cor. Given, allotted.
Cor.1 'Tis not begibd to me ; Cor.3
BEGIN, v. Sc. Yks. Chs. Stf. Not. Wor. Oxf. Som.
Amer. [bigi'n.]
1. To scold.
Oxf.1 I could see 'er was jest agwain to begin, so I cut, MS. add.
w.Soin.1 Maister'll begin, hon a comth to vind eens you an't
a-finish.
2. To interfere, molest.
w.Som.1 What d'ye begin way me vor then ? — I did'n tich o' you,
'vore you begin'd way me.
3. In phr. (i) begin of or on, (a) to commence doing any-
thing ; (6) to attack, assail ; to be the aggressor ; (2) begin
to, to fall to, commence on; (3) begin with, to compare
with.
(i, a) w.Yks. As bigi-n on it (.J.W.). Not. I was just going to
begin of my weshing, PRIOR Rente (1895) 172 ; We begin of our
turnips a Monday (J.P.K.). w.Wor. Thee'st no better nor a
kitty-wren, or a cherry-chopper, as what thee begins on thee
don't never not finish, Wor. Jm. i Mar. 3, 1888). (A) s.Chs.1 Ahy
shud nevur u sed nuwt tu yoa', ev yoa- aad')nu bigim- ii mey
[I should never ha' said nowt to yo, ev yo hadna begun o' mey].
Stf.2 Oi wur just taaukin to a neebur an' some drunken chap
come an' begun o' mel summat shameful. s.Not. I never touched
him till he begun of me (or ' on me') (J.P.K.). (2) Per. Begin to
your kail. Begin to your day's work (G.W.). Edb. My uncle
helped himself to one of the long black things, which he shoved
into his mouth and began to, Mom Mansie Wauch (1828) ii. Gall.
(A.W.) [(3) U.S.A. He doesn't begin with Jones, CARRUTH
Kansas Univ. Quar. (1892) I.]
BEGINNER, sb. Lin. A founder.
n-Lin.1 The first beginner o' th' New Connection Methodists,
was Alexander Kilham, of Ep'uth.
BEGLAMMER, v. Sc. [bigla'mar.] To bewitch ;
to deceive, hoodwink.
Ayr. I hae a plan far better than the veesions o' life-rents that
Mrs. Sorrocks would beglammar us a' wi', GALT Lairds (18261
xxxv ; He was laughing in his sleeve to see how the other
members of the corporation were beglammered, ib. Provost (1822)
v. Lth. Gin e'er ye're beglommered wi' love or wi' drink,
BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 107.
Hence Beglammert, ppl. adj. bewitched.
Sc. Ilka chield was glowerin',. . . Wi'sairbeglammerteen, SMITH
Merry Bridal (1866) 9.
[Be-+glamer (sb.), q.v.]
Gg2
BEGOB
[228!
BEGUILE
BEGOB, int. Irel. [bigo'b.] An exclamation, a dis-
guised oath.
Jr. No begob ; I'll just be keepin' the feel of it in me hand for
this night, BARLOW Idylls (1892) 34 ; If your bees are as big as
ponies, and your hives no bigger than ours are, how do your bees
get into your bee- hives ? — Begob, that's their own affair (G. M. H. ).
BEGOCK, int. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Lan. Lin. Also
in forms begok Nhb. Cum. ; begox Nhb.1 [bigo'k.] An
exclamation, a disguised oath. See By Gock.
Nhb. Begock ! aw?s often flay'd te deed They'll myek us eat
and sleep by steam! WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) 35; What
a fyess, begok ! N. Minstrel (1806-7) pt. iv. 79; Begox, ses Aa, it's
me, HALDANE His other Eye (1880) a ; Noo when aw fill maw box
Aw'll come back agyen, begox, BAGNALL Sngs. (c. 1850) 12 ; Nhb.1
Whei clavers biv the chimlay reek Begox, it's all a horney,
THOMPSON Jimmy Joneson's Whurry (c. 1816). Cum. He shootit
o't lads ta git up, an, begock ! He niwer cud lig a bit langer his
sel, DICKINSON Lamplugh (1856) 9. Wm.1 n-Lan.1 Thou can't
loup that dyke, can t'e ? — Yes, begock ! I can. n-Lin.1
BEGONE, adv. Yks. Lin. Nrf. Suf. Written begeean
n.Yks.2 ; begoan w.Yks.5
1. Worn out, decayed.
e-An.1, Nrf.1 Nrf., Suf. The thatch of this house is lamentably
begone, GROSE(i79o). S-af.CuLi.ua Hist. Hawsted (1813) ; Obsol.
(F.H.) ; Suf.1
2. Taken aback, disagreeably surprised, dismayed.
n.Yks.2 e.Vlt&MHS. add.(T.H.) w.Yks.8 'Sadly begoan," Rarely
begoan,' are the commonest combinations. n.Lin.1 1 lighted on 'em
boath ahint t'stroa stack, an' my wo'd, bud thaay did look begone
when thaay seed me.
[1. In ME. this word means merely 'circumstanced,'
thus : wel bigoon, CHAUCER C. T. D. 606 ; wo bigon, C. T.
A. 3658. The dial, sense is due to the fact that the word
was commonly used with ' woe,' as in E. wot-begone.
OE. began, pp. of began, to go about, to compass, to
beset]
BEGONNIES, int. Irel. [bigo'niz.] An exclamation.
See By Gonnies.
Ir. (G.M. H. ) Wxf. ' Oh, begonies ! ' says Tim, KENNEDY Evenings
Duffrey (1869) 352.
BEGOR(Z, int. Lin. Sur. (?) Som. Dev. Also written
begaurz Som.; begorsey Dev. An expletive or quasi-
oath. See By Gor.
n-Lin.1 Sur. He bart this place and built it all of the best 'terials,
begor, JENNINGS Field Paths (1884) 37 ; [Not known as a native
word (G.L.G.).] Som. I can't do it, begorz, JENNINGS Obs. Dial.
w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873) ! w.Som.1 Beegau-r, Beegau-rz.
Dev. BOWRING Lang. (1866) I. pt. v. 36. n.Dev. Begorsey! vor
a coager's en', ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 85. Dev.13
BEGORRA, int. Irel. Also written begarra, begorrah.
[bigo-ra.] An exclamation, a disguised oath.
Ir. Fine company they'd be for anybody begorrah, BARLOW
Lisconnel (1895) n ; But our bit of an Inish, begorrah, I'llstan by
thro' thick an' thro' thin, ib. Bog-land (iSgz) 5, ed. 1893 ; (G. M. H.) ;
Be gorra ! when a man would give, LEVER Martins (,1856) I. x ;
Begorra! you're in it, ib. Jack Hinton (1844) ii ; Begarra.
captain dear, CARLETON Fardorougha (1848) xvi ; No, begorraa
I was on your back, Flk-Lore Rec. (1881) V. iv. Ant. (W.H.P.)
BEGOUD, v. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Also written begood
S. & Ork.1 N.I.1; begouth Sc.; begued Nhb.1; beguid Sc.
[bigird, -gird.] Past tense of to begin.
Sc. 'Twas yoursel begood it, DICKSON Kirk Beadle (ed. 1892)
69 ; Auld an' young, wi' hearty dash, Begoud to try their strength,
SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 13 ; ' The other . ; . Begouth to reckon
kin and blude,' HERD Sngs. (1776) I. 51 ; Then he begoud tae
crack wi' me aboot 'young Mester Lynn,' HUNTER £ WHYTE
Ducats (1895) xix; GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) S. & Ork.1
Abd. Some o' the ceevil authorities begood to repree, ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb (1871) xviii ; I never dream't it was daylight, Till
chanticleer begoud to craw, SHIRREFS Poems (1790) 285. Per.
But he begood to dwam in the end of the year, IAN MACLAREN
Brier Bush (1895) 31. Fif. Folk begoud to gowl and bark Contrair
the Roman city, TENNANT Papistry (1827) i. e.Lth. An' syne it
begoud to poor, HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) 9. Feb. My heart
begude to wallop, NICOL Poems (1805) Run Supper. Slk. Gied
it a kick in the by-gaun, till it begood to hang a' to the tae side,
CHR. NORTH Nocles(ed. 1856) 11.50. Gall. An begood tomisca' puir
Birsay for a' that was ill, CROCKETT Moss-Hags (1895) xxiii. N.I.1
Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892). Nhb. As the light begoud to lower,
RICHARDSON Borderers Table-bk. U846) VIII. 166; Nhb.1 But
suddenly begued a feast, And after that begued a fray, BELL
Rhymes (1812) Ecky's Mare.
[With plesand voce begouth his sermoun thus, DOUGLAS
Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, n. 51 ; The noyis begouth than
and the cry, HARBOUR Bruce (1375) vm. 308. The Sc. form
begouth (later begoud) is prob. due to the analogy of couth
(could), pt. of can. This contam. arose prob. through the
form gan (for began), which became in Sc. can."]
BEGOUGH, int. I.Ma. [bigou'.J An exclamation or
oath.
I.Ma. I'd just like you to strek me, begough, CAINE Manxman
(1894) pt ii. xvii.
BEGOWK., v. and sb. Sc. Also written begouk
(JAM.), [bigairk.] Cf. begunk.
1. v. To trick, befool ; to jilt.
Sc. But I'll begowk them there, Mr. David, STEVENSON Catriona
(1892) ix ; Tak' tent that nae man begowk you, HENDERSON
St. Matt. (1862) xxiv. 4. Feb. (JAM.)
Hence Begowker, vbl. sb. a deceiver.
Sc. That begowker said while he was yet livin', After three
days I will rise again, HENDERSON St. Malt. (1862) xxvii. 63.
2. sb. The act of jilting.
Sc. If he has gi'en you the begowk, let him gang, my woman,
Saxon and Gael (i8I4) II. 32 (JAM.); (W.G.)
[Be- +gowk (sb.), q.v.]
BEGOYT, ppl. adj. Obsol. Sc. Foolish.
Buff. Nasty begoyt creature. Wise fowk say he is begoyt,
TAYLOR Poems (1787) 8 (JAM.). Per. Not common (G.W.).
BEGRAT(TEN, BEGRITTEN, see Begrutten.
BEGRUDGED, ppl. adj. Oxf. Dev. [bignrdgd.] In
phr. tea begrudged, tea given sparingly, weak tea.
Oxf.1 Tay begrutcht (s. v. Water). Dev. Water bewitched and
tea begridged, SHARLAND Ways Village (1885) 46.
BEGRUMPLED, />/>/. a<#. Som. Dev. Cor. [bignrmpld.]
Displeased ; affronted.
Som. He do git that begrumpled . . . you'd think the clouds
must vail, RAYMOND Gent. Upcott (1893) 87 ; JENNINGS Obs. Dial.
w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873). Dev., Cor. GROSE (1790)
add. (C.) ; Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 422.
[Be- + grumpled, pp. of grutnple, vb. with freq. suft'.,
conn. w. grumpy, q.v.]
BEGRUTTEN, ///. adj. Sc. Also in forms begratten
Rnf. ; begrat Lth. ; begritten Edb. Tear-stained, dis-
figured with weeping.
Sc. You might take the heart out of their bodies, and they
never find it out, they are sae begrutten, Scorr Monastery (1820)
viii ; A maid Begrutten sair an blurr'd wi' tears, A. Scorr Poems
(1808). 192; HERD Sngs. (1776). Fif. The guidwife sat speechless
. . . but wi' a look on her begrutten countenance that plainly telt
there wad be eruptions in a wee, M°LAREN Tibbie (1894) 42.
Rnf. Here, a' begratten, he's left me my lane, NEILSON Poems
('877) 59. Ayr. When she came to her dinner, her een were
blear't and begrutten, GALT Lairds (1826) vii. Lth. Her pale,
pale face was sair begrat, SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 83. e.Lth.
I could see that her een were unco red, an' her face was a' be-
grutten, HUNTER J. Inwick (1895) 203. Edb. And rubbing my
begritten face with my coat sleeve, Mom Mamie Wauch (1828)
23. Gall. She had the greetin" by wi' and only a begrutten face
turned up to us as peetiful like, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) xxii ;
I'm a begrutten owre, HARPER Bards (1889) 137.
\Be-+grutten (pp.), q.v.]
BEGUED, see Begoud.
BEGUILE, v. and sb. Sc.
1. v. To trick, bring into error, disappoint, deprive of.
Sc. I'm saer beguiled [I have fallen into a great mistake] ;
1 thank my God he has never beguiled me yet, WALKER Rent.
Passages (1727) 10 ; The Lord Aboyn comes to the road ol
Aberdeen, still looking for the coming of his soldiers, but he was
Beguiled, SPALDING Hist. (1792) I. 165 (JAM.). Ayr. My father
las beguiled me o' the Plealands — and I hae neether house nor ha"
to take you to, GALT Entail (1823) xxxi.
2. sb. A deception, trick ; disappointment.
Sc. Yond man has given himself a great beguile, for he was
coking for heaven and has gotten hell, GUTHRIE Sermons (1709)
) QAM.). Abd. Ere I came back ... I gets the beguile, Ross
Helenore (1768) 76, ed. 1812; Content were they at sic a lucky
ale, And thought they had na gotten a beguile, ib. 83, ed. 1812.
BEGUM
[229]
BEHIND
[Depart not with al that thou hast to thy childe, Much
less unto other, for being beguilde, TUSSER Husb. (1580)
26 ; Once ended thy haruest, let none be begilde, ib. 132.]
BEGUM, int. w.Yks. Lin. Shr. Dor. Som. [bigtrm,
•gBm] An exclamation of astonishment ; a disguised oath.
See By Gum.
w.Yks. Begum ! that wor a (logger ! Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Sept.
5.1891). n.Lln.1 Shr.2 When the individual speaking is either
ignorant of the subject referred to, or unable to answer the question
propounded, he usually cuts off the enquiry by saying ' Bygum,
I duna knoa.' Dor. ROBERTS Hist, Lyme Regis (1834). Som.
W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; w.Som.1
[Cp. Bremen bigum, 'ein Betheurungswort : bey Gott'
(Wlbch.) ; so LG. bigum (BERGHAUS).]
BEGUMMER(S, int. Dor. Som. Dev. [bigB-ma(r).]
An exclamation, or disguised oath. See Begum.
Dor. ROBERTS Hist. Lyme Regis (1834). Som. Begummers,
I ont tell, JENNINGS Dial. ui.Eng. (1869) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873) ;
w.Som.1 n.Dev. Begummers, us wur cort, ROCK Jim an' Nell
(1867) st. 68.
BEGUNK, sb. Sc. Cum. Also in form begink Abd. ;
begonk Cum.3 Cf. begowk.
1. A trick, disappointment, misfortune.
Sc. She maun hae met wi' an unco sair begunk, Tammas
Bodkin (1864) 92 ; If I havena gien Inch-grabbit and Jamie
Howie a bonnie begunk they ken themselves, SCOTT Waverley
(1814) Ixxi ; Here may we dread nae fause begunk, A. SCOTT
Poems (1808) 147 ; HERD Sngs. (1776). S. & Ork.1 Abd. Some
nicht ye'll meet a sad an' sair begink, Guidman (1873) 32, ed.
1875. Lnk. Monk Has play'd the Rumple a right slee begunk,
RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725) 40, ed. 1783. Cum. Ah gat sec a
begonk when they oa brast oot . . . laughin at meh, SARGISSON
Joe Smap (1881) 95 ; Cum.3 We gat a terrible begonk when we
fund 'at they wadn't gang on at o', 174.
2. The act of jilting.
Sc. Wha yields o'er soon fu' aft gets the begink, MORISON
Poems (1790) 137 (JAM.).
BEGUNK, v. Sc. Irel. To cheat, deceive ; to jilt. See
Begeck.
Sc. Is there a lad . . . Whose sweetheart has begunked him,
Blackw. Mag. (Jan. 1821) 426 (JAM.); I'm clean begunk, SMITH
Merry Bridal (1866) u.
Hence Begunked, ppl. adj. disappointed, cheated.
Cld. (JAM.), N.I.1
BEGY, inf. Der. [bigai1, baigai'.] An exclamation,
a disguised oath. See By Guy.
Der.1 Bahy gahy', ee wau'r shaa'rp [By Guy, he wor sharp].
BEHAD, v. Sc. Yks. Also written behod. [bi-a-d,
bi-o-d.]
1. To ' hold,' stop, wait.
Abd. We'll behad a wee, Ross Helenore (1768) 20, ed. 1812.
2. To hold, maintain, to hold as certain.
Sc. I'll behad he'll do it. I'll behad her she'll corne (JAM.).
w.Yks.5 I'll behod him to du that. Thah may behod him fur owt
o' t'soart.
[Repr. the old n. pron. of ME. bihalden, OE. behealdan.
See Behold, v.}
BEHAD, ppl. adj. Nhp. [Not known to our other
correspondents.] Circumstanced.
Nhp.1 ' You're sadly behad ! ' an expression of ironical com-
miseration addressed to any one who magnifies trifling troubles.
[Be- + had, pp. of have.}
BEHADDEN, pp. Sc. Irel. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Also written behaud'n Abd.; behodden Cum.1 Wm.1
n.Yks.12 e.Yks.1 m.Yks.1 w.Yks. Lan.; behadin Ayr.
[bi-a'dan, bi-o'dan.]
1. Held back, kept back.
Abd. She'll be mair stivvage and for docker meet If she
a toumon be behadden yet, Ross Helenore (1768) 20, ed. 1812.
2. Under personal obligation ; indebted ; obliged. Cf.
beholden.
Sc. And wad keep ye in bread without being behadden to ony
ane, SCOTT Old Mortality (1816) vi. S. & Ork.1 Abd. Behaud'n till
im for a biel' to pit their heid in, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871)
xxvi. Ayr. Wheelie, whom by the King's proclamation, we are
behadden to call Sir Andrew, GALT Sir A. Wylie (1821) xcviii ;
Sae grue at the thought of being behadin to ane o' them, ib.
Lairas ^1826) vi. Gall. There was money a thing pitten doon to
ye that was behadden to the makkar, CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (1895)
398. Uls. Thank guidness A'm no' behadden tae you, Ulster Jrn.
Arch. (1853) I. 65. Cum. We thowt we wad larn fra thehadoot
bein behodden teh ooar parson, SARGISSON Joe Scoap (1881)
122 ; Cum.1 Wm.1 Ise fearfly mitch behodden tew yah. n.Yks.1
Ah's mickle behodden t'ye, Ah's seear; n.Yks.2 Mickle behodden
te ye. ne.Yks.1, e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks. I'm noan behodden
tul him, Saunterer's Satchel (1877) 40. Lan. I's hev to be be-
hodden to t'parish aither for meeat or a coffin, ' EAVESDROPPER '
Vill. Life (1869) pt. iii. 41.
[Repr. ME. bihalden, pp. of bihalden, to keep hold of.]
BEHAND, adv. Sc. In phr. to come well behand, to
manage well.
Sc. He didna come weel behand at rowing up a bairn, Perils
of Man, II. 248 QAM.).
[Be for by (prep.) + hand.]
BEHAND, see Beyond.
BEHAPPEN, adv. Stf.Wor. Shr. [bi-a'pan.] Perhaps,
possibly.
Stf.2 Shan yer tak th' brindled cow to th' fair a Monday, mester! —
Behappen I shall, lad. w.Wor.1 If yu canna staay now, behappen
you'll step in i' the marnin' ? Shr.1 'Be'appen, says Jack Dallow,'
is a saying current about Bridgnorth.
[Repr. ' it will or may behappen.' For the vb. cp. Scot.
Field (c. 1590) 2, in Chetham Soc. (1856) XXXVII, ' Care
him behappen ! ' Be- + happen.}
BEHAVE, v. Not. Lin. Lei. War. Dev. Amer. [bi-e'v.]
To behave properly, to conduct oneself well. Used
without reflex, pron.
Not1 nXin.1 ' Cum, behaave ! ' is a caution often given to ob-
streperous children. Lei.1 ' I believe I am the rector of. this
parish,' said a clergyman whose dignity had been somewhat
ruffled at a stormy meeting. ' Well then,' retorted the squire,
' why don't ye be'ave ? ' War.3 Hav'nt you been taught to be'ave ?
[U.S.A. Do behave now! CARRUTH Kansas Univ. Ouar. (Oct.
1892) I.]
Hence Behaviour, sb. good manners.
nXin.1 You see she'd been laady's maaid to Miss , soa she'd
gotten to knaw behaaviour as well as ony laady e' Linki'sheere.
Dev. The grandmother who had . . . taught her to spin and to
sew and learnt her behaviour, O'NEILL Idylls (1892) 5.
[By manners I do not mean morals, but behaviour and
good-breeding, ADDISON Spect. (1711) No. 119.]
BEHEEMED, ppl. adj. Cor. [bi-I'md.] Sickly,
feeble.
Cor.1 A poor beheemed cretur ; Cor.2
BEHEIGH, adv. Der. Above.
Der.2, nw-Der.1
[Be for by (prep.) + high.}
BEHIGHT, v. Obs. ? Yks. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] Past tense : named, designated.
n.Yks.2 ' Wheea behight thee ? ' what is your name, or to whom
do you belong?
[Cp. Spenser's use : They bene all ladyes of the lake
behight, SA. Kal. (1579) Apr. 120. In ME. the vb. meant
to promise. With an ooth he bihi3te to jyue to hir, what
euere thing she hadde axid of hym, WYCLIF (1388) Matt.
xiy. 7. ME. behaten (behoten), to promise, be + halen (OE.
hatan, pt. liet (heht).}
BEHIND, adv. and prep. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel.
and Eng.
1. Late, too late.
Sc. I fear I shall be behind, Scoiic. (1787) 14. Lnk. Follow as
fast's ye can, you'll be behin', Black Falls of Clyde (1806) 175.
Suf. (F.H.)
2. Of a watch : slow.
Sc. My watch is behind, Monthly Mag. (1798) II. 437 ; Quite
common (A.W.).
3. In arrears ; sometimes with prep. with.
Sc. He was never behind with any that put their trust in him,
WALKER Life of Peden (1727) 38 (JAM.). a.Ir. You're all behind,
Tim, like the cow's tail, CROKER Leg. (1862) 304.
4. In phr. (i) behind and beyond, far away, in the distance ;
(2) behind God speed, at an out-of-the-way place ; (3) behind-
hand, in arrears with payment, in financial difficulties.
(i)Cum. (J.Ar.) (2) NX1 (3) w.Yks. When he gat behind-hand
and took to weaving folk were taken with his quiet pluck, SNOWDEN
Weaver ^1896) vi.
BEHINT
[230!
BEING
BEHINT, adv. and prep. All n. counties to Yks. Also
Chs. Der. Not. War. [bi-i-nt] Dial. pron. of ' behind.'
Cf. ahint (ahind).
Nhb.1, Dur.1, Cum.1 Wm. A strange form vanished behint a
windraw, HUTTON Bran New Wark ( 1785 1 1. 334 ; Wm.1, n.Yks.1 2,
m.Yks.1 w.Yks. A tail hung behint, LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c.
1882); w.Yks.125, Chs.1, Der.2, nw.Der.1, s.Not. (J. P.K.I, War.
(J.R.W.)
BEHINTEN, /*?/. Yks. [bi-i'ntan.] Behind.
e.Yks.1 He hodded [held] his hands behinten him, MS. add. (T.H.)
[And yet she stood ful lowe and stille alloon, Bihinden
othere folk, CHAUCER Tr. <S-» Cr. i. 179. OE. behindan.}
BEHITHER, adv. and prep. Yks. Suf. Sus. Hmp. Som.
[bi-i-tSa(r).] On this side.
n.Yks.2 ' Iwer seea far behither,' very far beyond this place.
Suf. GROSE (1790); (P.R.) Sus. RAY (1691); (K.); Sus.1;
Sus.2 The fifty-first milestone stands behither the village and the
fifty-second beyond. Hmp.1 Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
[Behither (obs.), on this side, ASH (1795) ; Cis, on this
side, behither, COLES (1679) ; I called at mycousin Evelyn's,
who has a very pretty seat in the forest, 2 miles behither
Cliefden, EVELYN Diary (1679) July 23; The Italian at
this day calleth the Frenchman, Dutch, English and all
other breed behither their mountaines Apennines, Tra-
montani, PUTTENHAM Art Eng. Poesie (1589) 210 (NxREs).]
BEHO, see Boho.
BEHOLD, v. and sb. Sc. Irel. Som.
1. v. To view with watchfulness, scrutiny or jealousy.
So. (JAM.) n.Sc. I saw twa nickums o' loons gang till the aipple
tree. I beheld them till they were jist at it, an syne I gya a gollie
at them, an they ran like spottie wintin the tail (VV.G.X
2. To experience.
w.Som. I did'n never behold no jis instance (F.T.E.) ; w.Som.1
Nuvur daed n bee-oa-1 noa jish stingk [(I) never experienced such
a stench]. Of all the rows I ever bee-oal that was the very wust.
3. In phr. behold you, and behold you of it, mark you, do
not overlook this point.
Ir. (G.M.H.) Dwn. I was talking about So-and-so when behold
ye who should I see but the man himself (T.P.W.). Ldd. We had
just gone a short distance, when lo and behold you, we saw
another detachment of soldiers approaching (A.J.I.).
4. To take no notice of; to hold back. Cf. behad.
n.Sc. He began's canglan again. I beheld him for a gueede
file, bit at the lenth an the lang rin I leet him a fornacket atween
the een (W.G.). Buff. ' Behaud ye, till a'm reathy ' [ready] is
common in Keith (ib.~).
5. sb. In phr. lat be for behaud, take no step in a matter,
so long as the opposing party keeps quiet.
n.Sc. (W.G.)
BEHOLDEN, pp. Irel. Yks. Lan. Sti. Not. Lei. Nhp.
War. Glo. Brks. e.An. Ken. Hmp. Dor. Som. Also
written behoulden Wxf. ; behalden n.Yks.1 In phr.
to be beholden to, to be indebted to, under obligation to Cf
behadden, 2.
s.Wxf. I had no mind to let my daughter be behoulden to you
HALL Landlord Abroad, 73. w.Yks.2 ; w.Yks.« I'll not be beholden
to him. s.Lan. BAM FORD Dial. (1846) Gl. Stf.1, Not.1, Lei.1 Nhp.1
I won't be beholden to you. War.3, Glo.2 Brks.1 I wunt be
behawlden to the likes o' thaay. Cmb.1 I'll never be beholden to
the likes of her for a washtub. Suf.1 Ken.1 I wunt be beholden
[bihoa-ldun] to a Deal-clipper ; leastways, not if I knows it. s.Hmp
Tis no great hardship for me to be beholden to the child, VERNEY
L. Lisle (1870) xxix. Dor. I don't like my children going and
making themselves beholden to strange kin, HARDY Tens (1891)
41, ed. 1895. Som. I ben't beholden to you, not as I do know
RAYMOND Love and Quiet Life (1894) 193.
[He is bounde or beholden unto me, il est oblige a may
Lest a dire, tenu, BARET (1580) ; I am beholden to you all
the dayes of my lyfe, je suis tenu a vous tous les fours de ma
vie, PALSGR. (1530).]
BEHOLDING, prp. Stf. Lin. Lei. War. e.An. Som.
Under obligation to, indebted to. See Beholden
n-'Stf. As thoughtless as if you was beholding to nobody, GEO.
ELIOT A Bede (1859) I. 108. n-Lin.1 I'm much beholding to you.
sir for them sticks you've gin us. I'll not be beholding to you for
a farden. Lei.1 War.*, e.An.2 w.Som.' Aa'l ae-u waun u mee
oa-un, un neet bee bee-oa-ldeen tu noa-baudee [I'll have one of
my own, and not be under obligation to anybody].
Hence Beholdingness, sb. obligation.
w.Som.1 Dhur id-n noa bee-oa'ldeenees een ut, uuls wee eod-n
ae-u-n [there is no obligation in it, or we would not have it— or
him].
[Beholding (a corrupted but authorized spelling, from
'beholden'), obliged, bound in gratitude: as, He was
beholding to fortune for the victory, ASH (1795) ; I am so
beholding to you, that I must never look to requite
so great kindness, ROBERTSON Phras. (1693) ; I am
beholding to you For your sweet music this last night,
SHAKS. Per. n. v. 25.]
BEHOPE, v. Stf. Som. Dev. To hope.
Stf.2 Wean behopes aa'll come reel i'th end. w.Som.1 Bee-oa'p.
Dev. I do behope that I shall be able to get about again, Retorts
Provinc. (1882) 9.
[Be- + hope.]
BEHOPES, sb. pi. Irel. Chs. Stf. Shr. Som. [bi-o'ps,
bi-oa-ps.] Hope, expectation ; freq. in phr. in good behopes.
N.I.1 I saw him to-day, and he has no behopes of bein' any
better. I had great behopes the day would be fine. s.Chs.1
Ahy)m i gild bi-oa-ps it)l kum [I'm i' good behopes it'll come].
Stf.2 Oi waz in gud bioups a mariin Meiri misel. Oi'm in behopes
as oi'll have a paind or two next wik. Shr.1 I wuz in good
be'opes as I should a got theer afore the poor fellow died, but I
didna. w.Som.1 I be in good behopes that we mid zee it [trade]
a little better arter a bit.
BEHOUNCED, ppl. adj. Ess. Sus. [Not known to our
correspondents.] Tricked up, smartened, finely dressed.
Ess. Taken from a horse's bounces, which is that part of the
furniture of a carthorse which lies spread upon his collar, RAY
(1691) ; Ess.1 Sus. GROSE (1790) ; Ironically applied (K.).
[Behounced, tricked up, made fine, BAILEY (1721). Be-
+ flounce (sb.), q.v.]
BEHOVE, v. Sc. Not.
1. To be obliged.
Sc. He behoved to dree his weird, SCOTT Guy M. (1815) Iv;
Ye behoved to ride for it,»6. Bride of Lam. (1819) vii j We behove
to rejoice at it, RAMSAY Remin. (1859) 100.
2. impers. To be fitting, proper, required.
s.Not. If anybody gives uz anything it behoves uz to have it
[I, servant of God, bihove nat to chyde, CHAUCER C. T.
i. 630.]
BEIGHT, see Bight.
BEIL(D, see Bield.
BEIN, see Bien.
BEING, sb. Sc. Irel. Yks. Lan. e.An. Sus. Also
written biein S. £ Ork.1; beein e.An.1 Suf.1; bee'un
Ess. [bi'-in.]
1. Livelihood, existence, condition, maintenance.
Fif. He has a good being. He has nae bein' ava [no visible means
of support] (JAM.). w.Yks. He's in good being, Hlfx. Wds.
Lan. I mun do summat fur a bein', BURNETT Lowrie (1877) xvi.
Ess. I keep his house and he gives me my being, Trans. Arch.
Soc. (1863) II. 176. Sus. Why there, sir, it wasn't a livin', it was
only a bein', EGERTON Fits, and Ways (1884) 53.
2. A home, a dwelling-place, a lodging.
S. & Ork.1, e.An.1 Nrf. With the roses a covering our Beein',
DICKENS D. Copperfield (1850,1 Ixiii ; COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf.
(1893) 16. Suf. My bein is hinderwah [yonder] (F.H.); Suf.1 If
I could but git a beein, I can fisherate for myself. Ess. Ees, John
a bee'un foun' upon That cried-up sput, CLARK/. Noakes (1839)
St. 15. Sus.12
3. Any wretched or unfortunate person. N.I.1
[1. No being for those that truely mene, But for such
as of guile maken gayne, SPENSER Sh. Kal. (1579) Sept.
33. 2. A man that hath no setled being, Homo incerti
laris, ROBERTSON Phras. (1693) ; It will be nothing for
them to give us a little being of our own, some small
tenement, out of their large possessions, STEELE Consc.
Lovers (1722) III. i (N.E.D.). 3. A wit ... a species of
beings only heard of at the university, JOHNSON Rambler
(1751) No. 141.]
BEING, conj. In gen. dial. use. [br -in.]
1. Since, seeing that, if; also sometimes with conj. as
or that.
Lan. Theaw con have it for a penny, bein' as theaw'rt an owd
chum, like, BRIERLEY Irkdale (1865) 138, ed. 1868. s.Stf. Being
BEING
BELD
as you're my pardner, I'll [show] you how, MURRAY Rainbow
Gold Vi886) 296. Not.1 n.Lin.1 Bein' as y6 weant be back to
dinner you'd better tek sum bread an' chease wi' yfi. Bein' she
can't abide back-bitin'. I wunder she lets her tung run on as it
duz. sw.Lin.1 Being he had a great family, and being he had been
ill. Being as no letter came. Rut.1 Why shouldn't you use it,
being as it's yourn 1 Lei. I didn't call to-day, being as I had to go
past to-morrow (C. E.) ; Lei.1 Bein' as I couldn' goo mysen. War.
Beingthat ^A.F.F. > ; War.2 w.Wor.1 Bein' as 'e were so put about,
I didna like to do it to-daay. Glo. It be much talked about, . . .
being that your father was so much liked in the parish, GISSING
Vill. Hampden (1890) I. i. e.An.1 Nrf. And being as his clothes
is bad, I can't afford to buy him new 'uns, SPILLING Molly Miggs
(1873) 96, and ed. ; Nrf.1 I could not meet you yesterday, being
I was ill in bed. Suf. She ain't like other girls, bein' her back's
not straight, Macinillan's Mag. (Sept. 1889) 357. Ess. Being you
are going to have that mead for hay to-year, you had best shut it off
in March, Trans. Arch. Soc. (1863) II. 176. Wil. It will not kill
a chap being ye do laugh at him, ELLIS Pronunc. (1889) V. 44;
Loq. a man frightened by a ' scorcher ' on a bicycle : ' Bin as ever
you comes by agen like that, I'll have ee summoned ' (E. H.G.);
Wil.1 Bin as he don't go, I won't. Dor. I can't do it to-day, beens
1 must goo to town, BARNES Gl. (1863). Sora. SWEETMAN Win-
canton Gl. (1885). Dev. Being it is so, GROSE (1790) MS. add.
(C.) ; But being that he is your cousin, of course, KINGSLEY
Westward Hoi (1855) 114.
2. In phr. if so being as how, if, since.
e.An.2 If so being as how you like my offer, it is a bargain.
Suf. .F.H.)
[1. Being (not used by late writers), since, ASH
(1795) ; You may say you can do it, being (or seeing that)
indeed you are able to do it, quando quidem poles,
ROBERTSON Phras. (1693) ; You loiter here too long, being
you are to take soldiers up in counties as you go, SHAKS.
2 Hen. IV, n. i. 199.]
BEING, see Bing.
BEIS, conj. Sc. Also written byes. In comparison
with ; in addition to. Cf. abeis.
Per. I am older beis you. There were twa others byes me
(G.W.). Fif., Lth. Ye're auld beis me. I was sober yesternicht
beis you (JAM.).
BEIT, see Beet.
BEJABERS, int. Irel. Yks. Also written by Jabers
w.Yks.2 [bi-dgi'baz.] A disguised oath.
Ir. Bejabers, you've got it now, BARLOW Lisconnel (1895) 58.
w.Yks.2
BEJAN, sb. Sc. Also written bigent Fif. A first
year's student at a Scotch University.
Sc. Robert was straightway a Bejan or Yellow-beast (in Aberdeen),
MACDONALD R. Falconer (1868) II. vi. Fif. Up from their mouldy
books and tasks had sprung Bigent and Magistrand to try the
game, TENNAXT Anster (1812) xiv ; A student in the Greek class
in the Univs. of St. Andrews and Abd. (JAM.)
[The first year the students at Edinburgh, who are
called Bajans, are taught only Greek, CHAMBERLAYNE St.
Gt. Brit. (1708) 441 (N.E.D.). Fr. bejaune, a novice ... or
young beginner in a trade or art (CoroR.); Payer son
bejaune, to pay his welcom ; a fee exacted by scholars
of such as are newly admitted into their society (ib.).
Fr. bejaune repr. becjaune, yellow beak, in allusion to young
birds.]
BEJAN, v. Fif. (JAM.) To initiate a new reaper or
shearer in the harvest field by lifting him up by the
arms and legs and striking him down on a stone. Also
known as borsing. Cf. bejan, sb.
BEJINGOED, pp. Obs. ? Dev. Also in form bejinged.
[Not known to our correspondents.] Crazy, out of one's
senses.
n.Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Monthly Mag. (1808)
11.422.
BEJUGGLE, v. Cor. To bewitch.
w.Cor. I don't know what's come over the children, they seemed
bejuggled (M.A.C.). Cor.3
[Be- + juggle (to play the juggler).]
BEKAY, sb. Obs. ? Nhp.1 The jowl or lower jaw of
a pig.
BEKKLE, see Bauchle, v.
BEKNOW, v. Irel. Yks. Ess. Som. To know, under-
stand, acknowledge.
w.Som.1 Twuz wuul beenoa'd t-airl dhu paa'reesh [it was well
understood by all the parish],
Hence (i) Beknown, ppl. adj. noted, designated, known ;
(2) Beknownst, ppl. adj. known.
(i) n.Yks.2 Ess. Trans. Arch. Soc. (1863) II. 182. (a) Ant.
(W.H.P.)
[I dar noght biknowe myn owne name, CHAUCER C. T.
A. 1556; Ichaue ben couetous, quod this caityf, I be-
knowe hit heere, P. Plowman (c. 1362) (A.) v. 114.]
BEKOKIN, prp. Lan. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] Recommending.
Lan. Awm noan bekokin yoar trade, SCHOLES Tim Gatmvattle
(1857) 28.
[Be- + cock, vb. ; cp. the use of ' cock ' in the sense of to
brag, crow over. A young officer who gave symptoms
of cocking upon the company, STEELE Spect. (1712) No.
422.]
BELACE, v. Nhp.1 [bile's.] To chastise with a strap.
[Belace, to beat, ASH (1795) ; To belace, the same as to
belabour, in low language, BAILEY (1755). Be- + lace
(vb.), q.v.]
BELAGGED, ppl. adj. Yks. Lin. Nhp.
1. Left behind, outstripped in walking.
n.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Sept. 5, 1801). Nhp.1 A person
walking by the side of another, and unabl? to keep pace, would
be quite belagged.
2. Tired out.
n.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (ib.) Nhp.1
3. Weighted with mud, muddied.
n.Lin. Used of garments, sheep's wool, &c. Her sket edge was
all belagg'd (M.P.) ; n.Lin.1 I was that belagged wi' pickin' taaties
I could hardlins get hoam.
[1. Belagged (a low word), left behind, ASH (1795) ; so
KERSEY (1715). 2. Belagged, tired, ASH (1795). 3.
Belagged, Madidatus, COLES (1679), so Prompt. ; Bi lagged
wit swirling, esclate, BIBLESW. (c. 1300) in Wright's Voc.
(185?) I73-]
BELANGINGS, sb. pi. Yks. [bila'rjinz.] Relatives,
family connexions.
n.Yks.2, e.Yks.1
BELANTERED, ppl. adj. Yks. Also in forms belan-
tren'd, -lantern'd m.Yks/ [bila'ntad.] Behind time,
belated, benighted. See Lantered.
n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1 In rare use. m.Yks.1
BELATE, v. Ken. Dor. (?) To hinder, make late.
Ken.1 I must be off, or I shall get belated. Dor. It belated me,
HARDY Tess (1891) xxxiv. [Not known to our correspondents.]
BELAY, v. Pern. To fall upon with blows, to lame.
s.Pem. A dog came after me, an' a was savage, but I belaid 'n
(W.M.M.).
BELCH, sb. and v. Nhb. Yks. Lin. [belt/.]
1. sb. A rapid discharge of gas in a pit.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
2. Small beer. Cf. balderdash.
w.Yks. Obsol. (M.A.); w.Yks.1 Small beer, the cause of eructation.
3. Worthless or obscene conversation. n.Lin.1
4. v. To drink copiously.
n.Yks. Deean't belch se mitch watther (T.S.').
[2. Belch, the act of belching. In droll language, malt
liquor, ASH (1795).]
BELCHE, sb. Glo. [beltj.] A line used in salmon-
fishing in the Severn. Cf. balch.
Glo.1 The belche is used to pull the net over to the place of
landing, and by this process shuts up the mouth of the net, and
encloses any fish swimming within the bag of the net as it floats
down stream (s. v. Debut).
BELCHING, ppl. adj. Rut. [be'ltjin.] Bragging,
boasting; like an empty windbag.
Rut.1 But I doant think nowt to what he say : he's a belching
sort of a man.
BELD, adj. and v. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Also in form bell, in
comp. ; bellt Bnf.1 [beld.]
1. adj. Bald.
Sc. Tho' thin thy locks, and beld thy brow, Rent. Nithsdale Sng.
47 (JAM.) ; Yon auld beld, clear-headed man, DICKSON Auld Min.
BELDER
[232]
BELIKE
(1892) 88. Bnff.1 Ayr. Now your brow is held, John, BURNS
John Anderson.
Hence Belltness, sb. baldness.
Bnff.1
2. Comp. (i) Bell-duck, (2) -kite, the coot, Fulica atra ;
a protuberant body ; also a term of reproach ; (3) -pool,
the coot ; (4) -pow, a bald head.
(i) Nhb.1 (2) Sc. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 178. m.Yks.1 Thou
little bellkite, get out o' t'rdad. w.Yks.1 (3) Nhb.1 (4} Edb.
A straught tall old man, with a shining bell-pow, MOIR Mansie
Wauch (1828) i.
3. v. To make bald ; to become bald.
Bnff.1
[1. To make belde, decaluere, Cath. Angl. (1483). 2. (2)
Busardis and beld cyttes, HOLLAND Hou7ate(c. 1450) III. i
QAM.). See Bald, adj. 4.]
BELDER, v. and sb. Irel. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Der. Not. Lin. Nhp. War. Bdf. Also written beldher
e.Yks.1 [be-ldar, be'lda(r).]
1. v. Of persons, esp. children : to cry noisily, roar ; to
shout. Cf. bell.
Cum. The lasses they beldered out ' Man thysel, Jemmy,' ANDER-
SON Ballads (ed. 1815) 100. Wm.1 n/Yks.1 What's yon lad
beldering sae for ? — Wheea, he's laitin' his broother ! Whisht !
bairn, whisht ! thoo's beldering like's thah leg wur brussen ;
n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1 Noo, what's ta belderin at? e.Yks. Thoo
beldhers for nowt, thoo bessy babs, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889)
52; e/Yks.1, m-Yks.1 w.Yks. (J.T.); (C.W.H.) ; Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (Dec. 27, 1890) ; w.Yks.125 Lan.1 Make less noise, mon ;
it'll do thi no good to belder loike that. n-Lan.1, ne.Lan.', Chs.1,
Der.2, nw-Der.1 Not. As soon as you was gone, he begun to
belder (L.C.M.) ; (J.H.B.) s.Not. What's that young beggar
belderin at now ? (J.P.K.) Not.13 Lin. STREATFEILD Lin. and
Danes (1884) 316. n.Lin. Th' bairns thaay begun to belder,
PEACOCK Tales and Rhymes (1886) 131 ; n-Lin.1 What are ta
belderin' e' that how fer ? sw.Lin.1 Don't belder about so. I should
not begin to belder such a tale about. Nhp.1, War.3 Bdf.
BATCHELOR Anal. Eng. Lang. (1809).
2. Of cattle : to bellow.
n-Yks.1 What's thae kye beldering that gate for ? w.Yks. Up
cums a bull, belderin' an roarin' like a lion, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE
Baimsla Ann. (1855) 27. s-Chs.1 Children are accustomed to call
to a bull, ' Bil-i, Bil'i Bel'dur, siikt dhu ky'aayz el-dflr ' [Billy, Billy
Belder, Sucked the cal's elder].
Hence (i) Belderer, sb. a roarer ; (2) Beldering, vbl. sb.
a resounding cry ; the bellowing of a bull ; (3) Beldering,
ppl. adj. roaring, noisy; (4) Belderment, sb. a loud
continuous crying or shouting.
(i) w.Yks.1, Nhp.1 (2) Ir. Stop that brat's belderin' (A.S.P.).
Yks. HAMILTON NugaeLit. (1841)360. n.Yks.2, e.Yks.1 w.Yks.5
An unceasing cry, as the beldering of a peevish child ; and the
beldering of a juvenile, who makes the streets resound with the
name of a comrade at a distance whose ear he would catch.
Chs.13 Not.1 Stop that beldering. (3) e.Yks. NICHOLSON Flk-Sp.
(1889) ; e.Yks.1 Ah niwer heeard sike a beldherin bayn i' all mi
booan days. (4) n.Yks.1 A belderment may be made by one
child crying loudly and purposely, or by a party of children at
their play, and raising their voices altogether, especially in make-
believe crying or singing.
3. sb. A loud noise.
Not. What a belder there was among 'em, HOOTON Bilberry
Thurland (1836). Not.1 Houd yer belder !
[Cogn. w. bell (OE. bellan), to roar, with freq. suff. -er,
and the common insertion of rfbetw. /and r]
BELDER-, see Bilder-.
BELE, sb. Obs. Lin.1 [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] Bad conduct.
BELEAGERS, phr. Pern. In phr. all beleagers, at
leisure, slowly and carefully. See Leagers.
Pern. Carry it all beliegers (G.E.D.) ; In common use. A was
gwayin all beleagers, an' I soon caught 'n. John does his jobs bv-
leagers (W.M.M.).
BELEEMY, int. Lan. Der. Stf. Also written belemme
nw.Der.1 ; belemmy Der.1 [bile-mi, bill-mi.] Believe me !
Lan. Monthly Mag. (1815) I. 127. e.Lan.1 Der.1 Bi laem-i
Bi^e-mi. Der., Stf. (J.K.)
BELEFT, v. Ken. Sur. Sus. [bile-ft.] pp. of believe.
Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1 I couldn't have beleft it ; Ken.2 Sur.1
I never could have beleft he would have bested us so (s.v. Best).
Sus.1 1 never should have beleft that he'd have gone on belvering
and swearing about as he did.
[And scarse is he beleft, relating his owne misery, MAY
Lucan (1627) vin. 20 (N.E.D.). Cp. the Kentish text Ayen-
bite (1340) 151: Wei beleue is huanne me belefb simple-
liche al bet god made. OE. (ge)lef(e)d, pp. of Mercian
gelefan (WS. geliefan), to believe.]
BELEN'T, ppl. adj. Cum. Of horses : broken-winded.
Cum. In common use (J.P.).
BELFRY, sb. Not. Lin, Som. [be'lfri.]
1. A shed made of wood, sticks, furze, or straw.
Lin. A temporary shed for a cart or waggon in the fields or by
the road side, having an upright post at each of the four corners,
and covered at the top with straw, &c. (HALL.) n.Lin. Waggon-shed
without roof, but covered by a corn rick, MORTON Cyclo. Agric.
(1863) ; n.Lin.1 In the Inventory of John Nevill, of Faldingworth,
taken in 1590, occurs ' the belfrey with other wood xx'.' A com-
plaint was made to a Lindsey justice of the peace, sitting at Win-
terton in 1873, that the belfry of ... was ruinous and liable to
fall on passers by.
2. A rick stand or ' staddle.'
Not.2 The stone pillars which form the supports for the foundation
of stacks ; also called bandrifls. sw-Lin.1 They stacked the oats on
the new belfry.
3. The room or basement in a tower, from which the
bells are rung.
w.Som.1 The name is not applied to the tower, nor to the room
in which the bells are hung. I know several instances in which
the ropes pass through the ceilings of the belfry [buul'free] and
the clock-chamber above it, to the bells hung in the upper story
[bell-chamber] of the tower.
[3. This basement in the tower where the ringers stood
was also used (i) as a place where the poor sat, and (2)
sometimes as a schoolroom, (t) A poor woman in the
belfry hath as good authority to offer up this sacrifice, as
hath the bishop in his pontificalibus, LATIMER Sertn. (1549)
I. 167 (DAV.). (2) Gauden (Tears of the Ch. (1659) 253)
speaks of ' teaching school in a belfry ' as a means of
livelihood for a deprived minister (DAV.).]
BELGE, v. Pem. Som. Also written belg Som.
[beldg.] To cry aloud, to bellow.
s.Pem. LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 419; Whose cow is that an
belging? (W.M.M.) Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825);
W. &J. Gl. (1873).
[Prob. a form of bellow (OE. bylgiari). For the pron.
cp. Barge, sb.2]
BELIKE, sb. Suf. A person who is the object of affec-
tion or liking.
Suf. He'll never be one of my belikes (F.H.).
BELIKE, adv. and adj. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan.
Stf. Der. Not. Lin. Nhp. War. Shr. Glo. Brks. e.An. Also
Som. Dev. Also in form belikes Dev.
1. adv. Perhaps, probably, may be ; surely. See Like,
Behappen.
Fit She laugh'd and nodded courteously her head, Belike to
clear away my doubt and awe, TENNANT Anster (1812) 135, ed.
1871. Gall. An' ne'er thocht belike o' saying cheep, CROCKETT
Sunbonnet (1895) 'v- I*1- ' But whot, sor, is the raisin iv the dipres-
shin ?'...' Bad weather belike,' replied the farmer, McNuLTY
Misther O'Ryan (1894) xiv ; Mrs. M'Gurk belike 'ud be wishful to
see them comin' along, BARLOW Lisconnel (1895) n. n.Cy. GROSE
(1790); N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Ye'll be gannin' hyem noo belike ? Cum.
Belike t en t'father's deed, LINTON Silken Thread (1880) 261 ; Cum.1
Yks. A've found a way where belike it's not so well fenced, GASKELL
S)>ft/ia(i863)II. ix. n. Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 Belikeitmayrain. ne.Yks.1
Belike it may fair up. m.Yks.1 w.Yks.2; w.Yks.5 Duyuh think it's
bown to weet a bit to-daay, missis ? — Belike enniff, maaster. Lan.
Thou'rt lyin', belike, WAUGH Hermit Cobbler, v ; It is never so be-
like, A'. & Q. (1880) 6th S. i. 195; Nay by th' mons he— never
beloike, shurely, STATON Rivals (1888) n ; Lan.1 Thae'rt not
gooin' yet belike ! ne.Lan.1 n.Stf. Belike we may bring him
round again, GEO. ELIOT A. Bede (1859) I. 75. Stf.1 2 Der.1 ; Der.2
Aye, beloike. nw.Der.1 Not. Belike you 'ull [perhaps you will]
(L.C.M.). Lin. Sweet-arts! Molly belike may 'a lighted to-night
upo' one, TENNYSON Spinster's Sweet-arts (1885). n.Lin.1 Belike I
maay, but I doan't gie noa promise. Nhp.1 Will you go to the
fair ?— Belike I shall ; Nhp.2 Belike you 'ull. War.2 ; War.3 Be-
like as I shall. Shr.1 Glo. ' I scarce thought to see your face
again.' ' Belike you didn't want to," is the quick reply, BUCKMAN
BELIKED
[233]
BELKUPPING
Darkes Sojourn (1890) 36; BAYLIS Illns. Dial. (i87O\ Brks.1
Now ut raains a wunt come belike. e.An.1 Belike we may have
snow. I hear Mr. A. is to be married.— Aye, so belike ; e.An.2
w.Som.1 Geod nai-t-ee ; beeluyk yiie-ul km daewn dhan [good
night to you ; probably 3'ou will come down then]. In the dialect this
word is the commonest form. Dev. BOWRING Lang, in Trans.
Dai. Assoc. (1866) I. 27 ; He's a 'igh-stummicked chap, 'e is ; 'e
aimeth Hi gert thengs, an' belikes 'ell git um, til, HEWETT Peas. Sp.
(1892)46; Dev.1 [K.]
2. adj. Probable, likely.
Lnk. That story's no belike JAM.).
[1. Belike, probably, perhaps, ASH (1795) ; Here's your
kinsman Perry, belike you won't come and give him
welcome, SMOLLETT Per. Pickle (1751) xiii; Belike,itis very
likely, itaputatur, ROBERTSON Phras. (1693) ; Those sethe-
rial spirits have other worlds to reign in, belike, BURTON
A/tat. Mel. (1621) ed. 1896, I. 216 ; Belike, boy, then, you
are in love, SHAKS. Two Gent. n. i. 85. 2. Belike, veri-
tati consonus, verisimilis,Coi.ES (1679) ; Belike repr. by like,
i. e. by what is likely.]
BELIKED, ppl. adj. Yks. Oxf. Beloved, liked.
e.Yks. Highly beliked an rispected bi all, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp.
(1889) 38. Oxf.1 Um bee much biluuykt ['Em be much beliked].
[Those that are beloued and belyked of prynces, NORTH
Guevara (1557) 403 (N.E.D.). Be- + like, vb.J
BELIKELY, adv. Nhb. Likely.
Nub.1 An emphatic use of the word: 'Are ye gannin ? ' ' Not
belikely.'
BELIVE, adv. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Der.
Also written believe Nhb. ; belife (K.) ; belyveSc. Nhb.1
Cum.1 [bilai-v.]
1. Quickly, speedily.
Sc. The rascals had ondune him Belyve that day, SKINNER Sngs.
(1809) 8. Gall. Though sune the frosts o' auld age belyve nip us,
HARPER Bards (1889) 43. Nhb. At morn rise belive, RICHARDSON
Borderer's Table-bk. (1846) VI. 230.
2. Immediately, soon ; presently, by-and-by.
Sc. ' Belyve is twa hours and a half,' Prov. A jocular allusion
to the fact that if a person says he will be back, or done with any-
thing 'belyve,' . . . the probability is he will be longer than ex-
pected, HISLOP Prov. 55 ; 'Is the place distant ? ' said Morton.
' Nearly a mile off. ... We'll be there belive,' SCOTT Old Mortality
(1816) xlii ; Ye'll be back belive, ib. Midlothian (1818) xxiv; And
hey ! belive The midden-hive Rushed out, DRUMMOND Mucko-
machy (1846) 32. Abd. Ye please me now, well mat ye thrive,
Gin ye her cuddum, I'll be right belyve, Ross Helenore (1768) 42,
ed. 1812; I'm thinkin' 'twill be fair belyve, Goodwife (1867) St.
46. Frf. The Homer also waved his bonnet, But wished belyve
he hadna dune it, BEATTIE Arnha' ;c. 1820 13, ed. 1882. Ayr.
The tacks and leases were belyve to fall in, GALT Provost (1822)
I. iv ; Yet, an he's sparret he'll be able belyve to do something for
himsel', ib. Entail (iZ^ ii ; Belyve, the elder bairns come drapping
in, BURNS_ Cotter's Sat. Night (1785); Till a' their weel-swall'd
kytes, belyve, Are bent like drums, ib. To a Haggis. Lth. Belyve
frae Poorfith's gloomy deeps He made a famous clearance, SMITH
Merry Bridal (1866) 206 ; The maister found it out belyve,
STRATHESK Afore Bits (ed. 1885) 36. Rxb. Back she returns again
belyve, A. SCOTT Poems (1808) 39. Dmf. His father gartthem flee
for fear and sculk belyve, MAYNE Siller Gun (1808) 82. n.Cy. On
hearing a statement too complex to be intelligible, he would exclaim,
' Six and seven, and twice eleven, And four fifteen and five ; Put
down seven and take out eleven, And tell me that belive,' N. &Q.
(1869) 4th S. iv. 500 ; N.Cy.12 Nhb.1 Aa'll be there belive. 'Jo
make them all merry belyve,' Sng. The Hare Skin • ' Aboot the
bush, Willy, I'll meet thee belyve,' Sng. Aboot the Bush. Cum.
We'll leave off talking of Christie Graeme And talk of him belive,
GILPIN Ballads (1866) 466; Cum.1 Aa'l pay thee belyve. Wm.
Belive a man com ridin up tew em, WHEELER Dial. (1790) 9, ed.
1821; Wm.1 n.Yks. It will be frost belive, MERITON Praise Ale
(1684) 1. 40; Here will be thy awd sweet-heart here belive, ib.
1. 266 ; n.Yks.2 I'll come belive ; n.Yks.3 w.Yks. HUTTON Tourto
Caves (1781) ; w.Yks.1 As soon as ivver he gits haam, belive, I'll
nifle 'em fray him, ii. 299; w.Yks.2 Lan. Aw intend to ax hur to
be Missis Moudywarp belive iv nowt appens amiss, FERGUSON
Dick Moudy warp, 17 ; Lan.1, ne.Lan. ' Der. When it rains a little
and the shower is likely to encrease, they say, ' It spits now ; it
will spew belive,' GROSE (1790") MS. add. (P.) ; Der.1 'Tis common
to use it for a put-off, when they never design to do a thing at all ;
Der.2. nw.Der.1
3. In the evening.
Yks. (K.) n-Yks.1 Ah'llgan an' rook thae peats belive. There'll
be a service at 'chapel belive. e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ.
1788'. w.Yks. WATSON Hist Hlfx. (1775) 533; Now obs. I do
not hear of the word having been used here in the more common
sense of quickly, soon, Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.4
[1. The fame of this triumphe he gan spreid belive,
DOUGLAS Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, ii. 229 ; pan Alexander
be-Iiue all a-boute be cite, Makis foure thousand with
flanes & bowis, Wars Alex. (c. 1450) 2209 ; pa ifaren hafden
biliue, LASAMON (c. 1205) 13995. 2. Twenty swarm of
bees, Whilk all the summer hum about the hive, And bring
me wax and honey in bilive, JONSON Sad Sheph. (1637) n. i.
Biliue for ME. bi life, lit. with life or liveliness.]
BELK, sb.1 Yks. Lan. Cor. Also written bilk m.Yks.1
[belk.] A belch, eructation. See Belk, w.1
n.Yks.1, ne. Yks.1, m.Yks.1, ne.Lan.1, Cor.3
BELK, sb.2 Yks. Not. Lin. [belk.]
1. A heavy fall or blow. Cf. bolch, belper.
Not. He went with a belk (J.H.B.). s.Not. I come down with a
fine belk off of the wall (J.P.K.). Lin. As I was a-crossing the beck,
'twas so slape, down I coomed with sich a belk, N. & Q. (1885)
3rd S. vii. 31. e.Lin. When doun he come wi' such a belk, BROWN
Lit. Laur. (1890) 49. n.Lin.1 Th' chimley pot blew off wi' such an a
belk, I thohtnohtbud that itwo'd ha' cum'd thriff th'roof. sw.Ian.1
2. Fig. Condition of mind or body. Cf.fig. use of ' bat.'
m.Yks.1 ' In great belk,' in a robust state of health. ' He's in
great belk about it,' in great spirits.
BELK, j/.1 Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Der. Lin.
Also Som. Dev. Cor. [belk.] To belch, to eructate.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Dur.1, Cum.1 Wm. (K.) ; 'Yan belks when yan's
fu, and when yan's empty,' said a little girl in Coleridge's presence,
COLERIDGE To Soulhey 11801) in Letters, 363, ed. 1895; Wm.1,
n.Yks.123, ne.Yks.1, e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl.
(Sept. 12, 1891) ; w.Yks.15, ne.Lan.1 Der. GROSE (1790) MS.
add. (P.) ; Der.2, nw.Der.1, n.Lin.1 Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
w.Som.1 n.Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) Cor.12
Hence phr. belkin full, full to repletion.
n.Yks. (I. WO, e.Yks.1, n.Lan.1
[To belke, ructo, BARET (1580) ; To belke, ructare, Cath.
Angl. (1483) ; In slewthe then thai syn ... To belke thai
begyn, Towneley Myst. (c. 1450) 314. OE. bealcian.]
BELK, v.2 Wm. Yks. Lan. Not. Lin. Written bilk
m.Yks.1 [belk.] To throw down or strike heavily; to
thump. Cf. belk, sb*
w.Yks. Ha discovered a man belkin' his awn sen wi a horse-
whip, Yks. Comet (1844) 35. Not. To throw down with force
(J.H.B.). s.Not. Ah'll belk yer when ah cop yer (J.P.K.).
Hence (i) Belker, sb. anything very large of its kind ;
cf. banger ; (2) Belking, vbl. sb. a beating ; (3) Belking,
///. adj. unwieldy, large.
(i) n.Yks. (T.S.) ne.Yks.1 It war a reg'lar belker. (2) n.Yks.
(T.S.) s.Not. Ah gen 'im a good belkin afore ah letted 'im goo
(J.P.KO. (3) Wm. Theear wes skooars, an skooars ... a girt
belkan ships, S/ter. Dial. (1885)21. m.Yks.1 w.Yks. He was a big
belkin chap (M.N.). n-Lan.1 A belkin fellow. n.Lln. A gret belkin'
VOL. I.
pig ligged e' frunt o' th' fire.
BELK, v? Yks. Not. Lin. e.An. [belk.]
1. To lounge idly ; to bask in the sun. Cf. beek, v.
m.Yks.1 I saw a hag-worm, out of the dike,belking in the lane.
Not.3 ' Belking in the sun,' used gen. of large animals. n.Lin.1 That
theare ohd dog's alus a belkin' i' th' sun noo. Doant lig belkin'
theare, Bill, but get up an' mind thy wark. e-An.1, Nrf.1
Hence Belking, ppl. adj. lounging, lying lazily.
sw.Lln.1 He's a great idle belking beast.
2. To roll over, fall down.
sw.Lin.1 The old pig belks down, directly you tub it. Huntsman
has a pig belks down like yon.
BELKS, sb. pi. Bwk. Nhb. The stems of seaweed,
formerly used by kelp makers.
Bwk., Nhb.1 The stems of laminaria locally named belks, or
wassal, HODGSON Bwk. Nat. Club Trans. (1892) XIV. 115.
BELKUPPING, vbl. sb. Cor. Hiccupping.
w.Cor. (M.A.C.)
[A contam. of belk, vb.1, with hiccupping.]
H h
BELL
[234]
BELL
BELL, sb.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Of
things shaped like a bell.
1. A bell-shaped hat-crown. Chs.1
2. The top of a hill ; a knoll.
Sc. Bell of the brae ''JAM0-
3. The blossom of a plant; the ear of oats.
Sc. (JAM.) Ayr. How 'twas a towmond auld, sin' Lint was i'
the bell, BURNS Colter's Sat. Nig/it '1^5'}. Nhp.1 Hrt. About the
latter part of July hops are in bell or blossom, ELLIS Mod. Hush.
(1750') V. i.
4. In pi. the Fuchsia plant.
.
a. The covering to a blast-furnace. Also attrib. as in
bell-men.
[The covering receiving so many barrows full of material for
making iron and then lowered by means of a lever. As the apex
of a kiln is smaller than the base, the material slides off the bell
into the furnace, the bell being raised by another lever into position
to receive another load. The materials are so lowered to prevent
too great an escape of the gas, which is utilised for other purposes,
Gl. Lab. 11894).]
6. In phr. bells go rotten.
Slang. [At Winchester School] the peal of bells which rang for
a quarter of an hour before chapel was on ordinary days a double
bell for the first ten, and a single bell for the last five, minutes.
On Sundays, saints' days, &c., a single deep-toned bell rang for the
first five minutes, three strokes at a time, with an interval following
each three. This was called ' Bells go rotten,' SHADWELL Wykeham.
Slang (1859-1864).
7. Comp. (i) Bell-bastard ; (2) -chamber, the upper
part of a church tower in which the bells are hung ; (3)
•crank, see below ; (4) -horse, the leader of a string of
pack-horses, or of a team ; also fig. a person who takes
the lead ; (5) -hour, meal-time at a factory ; (6) -house,
a church tower, a belfry ; (7) -Jessy, a top-hat ; (8)
•knolling, the funeral toll ; (9) -man, the town crier ; (10)
-metal, (n) -money, see below; (12) -nag, see bell-
horse ; (13) -oil, a good thrashing ; (14) -oven, see below ;
(15) -pit, a pit sunk: where the mine lies very near the
surface; (16) -ringer, the long-tailed titmouse, Acredula
rosea ; (17) -ropes, see below ; (18) -seller, the loft on
which ringers stand ; (19) -warning, notice by sound of
the bell ; (20) -waver, to fluctuate, waver, vacillate ; (21)
•wether, a fretful child ; a gossiping woman ; (22) -woman,
a fishing-town crier.
i ) Pern. The illegitimate child of a woman who is herself
illegitimate is styled by the vulgar in Haverfordwest a bell-
bastard, N. & Q. (1856) and S. ii. 487. (2) n.Lin.1, w.Som.1 13)
Nhb., Dur. Bell crank, a triangular frame of iron or wood, used for
changing the motion from the horizontal to the perpendicular.
GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849 . 4) Wm. Gangs of pack-horse.s,
each of which were preceded by a bell-horse, GOUGH Manners
(1847) 34. Yks. The mode of transit was gen. by the pack-horse.
Long strings of them would sometimes pass over hill and dale
along the very narrow bridle roads, the first carrying a bell, ... a
custom which has given rise to the nominey we sometimes hear
from the mouths of children now-a-days, Yks. Mag. (1872) II. 184.
n.Yks.2 ' As proud as a bell-horse ' was a saying arising from the
animal's supposed consciousness of his advanced position. w.Yks.
The following couplet may be heard sung by children in Bradford:
' Bell-horses, bell-horses, what time o' t'day ? One o'clock, two
o'clock, gallop away ' S.K.C. ', ; w.Yks.2; w.Yks.5 A familiar title
bestowed on any one in the position of leader of a party, lit. or fig.
Chs.1 Children running races are often started by this rhyme :
' Bell-horses, bell-horses, what time o' day ? One o'clock, two
o'clock, three and away.' Shr.1 Ohs. The sound of the bell served
as a guide to the others along the dark, winding roads which they
traversed, while laden with charcoal or other produce. As late as
1840 or thereabouts — perhaps later still — strings of pack-horses
might have been seen. Hrf. At Ledbury, children sing the rhyme,
' Bell horses,' &c., N.&Q.( 1875) 5th S. iv. 408. w.Som.1 Formerly
it was common, and even now it is sometimes seen, that the leader
carries a board with lour or five bells hung under it, attached to
his collar by two irons : these irons hold the bells high above the
horse's shoulders. The bells, which are good-sized and loud-
sounding, are hidden from sight by a fringe of very bright red,
yellow, and green woollen tassels ; as the horse moves the jangle
is almost deafening. Dev. [The rhyme ' Bell-horses '] was sung
by the ' starter ' when a number of children ran races, the pronun-
ciation of the last word ' away ' being the signal for the start,
N, Sf Q. (1875) 5th S. iv. 521. [A term used by workmen to
express very vigorous men employed by a builder or sub-contractor
in the bricklaying industry to do more than the ordinary amount of
work, in order, it is alleged, that the employers may have some
grounds for dismissing men who do not work up to this level, Gl.
Lab. (1894).] (5 m-Lan.1 (6) Fit In his bell-house David
Barclay Ne'er flourished his tow mair starkly, TENNANT Papistry
(1827) 48. n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1 The word applies to that part of
the lower story of a tower opening into the nave, as well as
to the part containing the bells; T'childer awlus used ti sit i
t'bell'us. m.Yks.1, w.Yks.5 Chs. The complaint of a boy crying
out for his brother, there struck [by lightning] in the bell-house,
NEWCOME Autob. (1652) 311. nXin.1 The room, whether on the
ground floor or otherwise, where the ringers stand when they
ring the church bells. (7) nw.Dev.1 18) n.Yks.2 (9) w.Yks.35
Chs.1 At Knutsford the bellman wears a uniform ; and at the
end of his announcement always adds, ' God save the Queen,
and the Lord of this Manor.' n.Lin.1 (10) Cor.2 A brass pot or
crock used for boiling fruits for preserves or jams, (n) Sc. At a
wedding, the boys and girls of the neighbourhood assemble in front
of the house, calling out ' Bell money, bell money, shabby waddin,
shabby waddin, canna spare a bawbee.' Money is then given,
N. & Q. ^1855) ist S. xi. 175. [Cf. ball-money.] (12) Wm.1
(13) Stf.1 (14) n.Lin.1 A vessel of iron, somewhat like a flat-
topped bell, with a handle at the top. used for baking cakes.
The hearth where the wood or turf fire had burnt was swept
clean, the cakes laid upon the sole, the bell-oven inverted over
them and covered with hot ashes. Obsol. or obs. (15) Nhb.1 A
bell-pit is worked away in every direction round the bottom of
the shaft like a bell. (16) Kcb. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 33. (17)
Cum.3 During the period required for the publication of banns, a
couple are said Jig. to be ' hingin' in t'bell-ropes.' We're hingin' i't
bell reaps — to t'parson I've toak't, 39. nw.Der.1 [See Hang.]
(18) e.An.1, Nrf.1 (19) n.Yks.2 Obs. A bell sounded at night to
guide travellers to the hospitium (s.v. Wost-house). (20) Sc.
His wits have gone bell-wavering by the road, SCOTT Monastery
(1820) vii. (21) w.Yks. Used of one who cannot refrain from
spreading a report (J.N.L.) ; w.Yks.1 Bell wedder. se.Wor.1
Bell-wether, a crying child (primarily the wether-sheep which
carried the bell). (22) n.Yks.2 Going from house to house, the
bell-woman opened the door, rung her bell in the entrance, and
then made her announcement.
8. Comp. in plant-names : (i) Bell-bind, Convolvulus
arvensis (Cmb. Nrf. Ess.) ; also C. septum (Suf. Ess.) ; (2)
•bottle, Scilla nutans (Bck.) ; (3) -heath, -heather, the
cross-leaved heath, Erica tetralix (Hinp.) ; (4) -ling, the
fine-leaved heath, E. cinerea (n.Yks.) ; (5) -rose, the
daffodil, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus (Som.); (6) -thistle,
Carduus lanceolatus (Yks. War.) ; (7) -ware, «(8) -weed,
the seaweed, Fucus vesiculosus ; (9) -wind, Convolvulus
arvensis (Bck.) ; C. septum (Bck. Sur.).
(il Suf. (C.T. ; (3) Hmp. WISE New Forest (1883) 280 ; Hmp.1
(5) Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 Commonest name for the
daffodil. I knows a orchet a covered wi they there bell-roses.
(7) w.Sc. Also called kelp-ware JAM. Suppl.}. (8) Cat. Bell-ware,
which grows about low-water mark, is firm and fibry, with many
hollow balls on its leaves, Agric. Surv. Cat. 182 (JAM.). (9) Sur.1
Called also Wire-weed. Milk-maid, and Old Man's Nightcap.
BELL, v.1 Yks. Lan. Der. Not. Lin. Nhp. Wor. Shr.
1. To shout out, cry, roar. Cf. belder.
w.Yks. Just as t'missis wor beginnin' to bell aht, CUDWORTH
Sketches ,1884) 16 ; It made Ruth bell aht like a elifant wit' tooith
wark, Dewsbre Olm. (1878"! 9 ; w.Yks.1 ; w.Yks.2 Wot are ta
bellin at, lad ? w.Yks.5 Bell'd an' roar'd like a barn 'at he wor.
Lan. He did bell un roar when he seed th' livid face uv his defunct
neffy, STATON Loominary (c. 1861) 120 ; Lan.1 Then th' battril
coom, on whether it lawmt [lamed] th' barn ot wur ith' keather
[cradle] I know naw, for I laft it rooaring an belling, TIM BOBBIN
W ks. (1750) 66. e.Lan.1, Der.2, nw.Der.1 s.Not. As soon as 'e felt
the weight of my fist, 'e begun to bell (J.P.K.). sw.Lin.1 She did
bell out all the way home. Nhp.2 s.Wor. PORSON Quaint Wds.
(1875) ; (H.K.)
Hence Belling, ppl. adj. noisy, roaring.
w.Yks. Mak o' less o' thy bellin din (D.L.).
2. Of animals : to bellow, roar.
Lan. The tigers did so bell, WILSONS Sngs. (ed. 1865) 20. Shr.1
Applied to cattle. Not common.
3. To cough hoarsely.
w.Yks. Shoo wor bellin all t'day long (C.E.F.).
BELL
[ 235 ]
BELLOCK
Hence Belling, vbl. sb. noisy crying or shouting.
w.Yks. The common phr. is ' Belling and roaring' (J.T. :; w.Yks.1
He becom roopy wi' bellin an roarin, ii. 288. Shr.2 'Stop
your belling," as the impatient sometimes say to children.
[2. Bellyn or lowyn as nette, mugio. Prompt, pe wer-
wolf. . . went to him euene bellyng as a bole, Wm. of Pal.
(c. 1350) 1891. OE. bellan, to roar.]
BELL, v." Cor. Of a sore : to throb, be inflamed. Cf.
beal.
Cor.2' Christ was of a virgin born, And he wasprick'd by a thorn.
And it did never bell nor swell, As I trust in Jesus this never will,'
charm for cure of prick of a thorn, MS. add. ; Cor.3 Still in use
in w.Cor.
BELL, sb.2 and v.3 Sc. Lin. Wor.
1. sb. A bubble ; a drop of water.
Sc. Saip-bells(jAM.) ; The feast o' yestreen how it oozes through
In bell and blab on his burly brow, THOM Rhymes (1844) 7a-
nXin.1
2. A small watery blister.
s.Wor. His legs be covered with bells [or bales] o' water, which
keep breaking (H.K.) ; s.Wor.1
3. v. To bubble.
Sc. When the scum turns blue, And the blood bells through,
Perils of Man, II. 44 (JAM.1). n.Lin.1 ' It bells, it bells, it bubbles
i' th' dike,' is a child's exclamation on seeing the large bubbles
formed in water by violent rain.
[1. A belle in be water, bullet, tumor laticis, Cath. Angl.
(1483)-]
BELL, v* Nhp.1 Of oats : to be in ear.
BELL, D.5 Obs. Der.2 To distribute ale. Hence Seller,
sb. one who pours out or hands round ale. [Not known
to our correspondents.]
BELLACES, sb. pi. Yks. [be'lasiz.J The tongues of
lace-up quarter-boots. Cf. bellas-cap. m.Yks.1
Hence (i) Bellased, adj. of boots: having the tongues
sewn to the uppers ; (2) Bellasing, so. waterproof
frontage of shoes.
(i) e.Yks. The rustic clothes his feet and legs in bellus'd beeats
and leggings (J.N.) ; Bob's getten a pair o' bellas'd beeats,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 89 ; e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.) (2) n.Yks.
Whether will you hev bellusin' or watterlaps to your shoes ?
(I.W.)
BELLAN, sb. and v. Wm. Yks. Der. Stf. Shr. Also
in form belland Wm.1 n.Yks.2 Der.: bellund Der.1
[be'lan(d).]
1. sb. The dust of lead ore.
Wm.1 Der. MAWE Mineral. (1802) ; MARSHALL Review (1814)
IV. 113.
2. A kind of colic, in man or animals, caused by
swallowing particles of lead ore.
Wm.1, w.Yks.2 Der.1 Used at Ashover Peak Forest, and other
mining districts. Der., Stf. (J.K.) Shr. Called also water-spar,
q.v. (G.F.J.)
3. v. To poison.
w.Yks. (H.F.S.) ; ' I'se bellaned, sir,' said Robin — ' puzzomed !
I've itten a soap baw for cocolate, DIXON Craven Dales (1881)
443. Der. MARSHALL Review (1814) IV. 113.
BELLANED, ppl. adj. Cum. Yks. Der. Also in form
bellanded Der.2 nw.Der.1; bellunded Der.1 [be'land,
belandad.]
1. Of men or animals : poisoned by particles of lead ore.
w.Yks. LUCAS Stud. Nidderdalc (c. 1882); (S.H.B.) Der.12,
nw.Der.1
2. Afflicted with asthma, esp. as the result of lead-
poisoning.
Cum. Commonly used of a broken-winded horse (J.P.V Yks.
Belland, or blown in the lungs, KNOWLSON Cattle Doctor (1834) 41.
w.Yks.1 I wor seea out o' wind at I wheez'd gin I wor bellon'd,
ii. 287.
BELLART, sb. Obs. Lan. Chs. Also written bellot
Chs.1 The man who had charge of the bull at a bull-
baiting.
Lan. A pasel o' bellorts, and bull-beatink chaps, WALKER
Plebeian Pol. (1796) 8, ed. 1801. Chs.1
BELLAS, v. Lin. Also written bellus n.Lin.1
[be'las.] To shout loudly. Of oxen : to low.
n.Lin. Bellas out, SUTTON Wds. (1881) ; nXin.1
BELLAS(ES, see Bellows.
BELLAS-CAP, sb. Obs. Yks. Also in form bellosed-.
A boy's cap, bordered or adorned with lace. Cf. bellaces.
w.Yks. I" them days lads like me ware bellas-caps wi' tassils on,
CUDWORTH Sketches (1884) !5 ! A ed to dof mi belas-kap [I had to
doff my bellas-cap], WRIGHT Gram. Wndhll. (18921 198 ; Mi grand
bellosed cap, ' BILL HOYLUS' Poems (1867 21. ed. 1891.
BELLCONY, sb. e.Lan.1 The bell-tower of a mill.
[Not known to our correspondents.]
[Repr. lit. E. balcony, assoc. in sense with bell.]
BELL-COOM. sb. Bdf. Grease from the wheels of
church bells. Cf. bletch, coom.
Bdf. It is believed that ' bell-coom ' is a sovereign cure for
shingles (J.W.B.j.
BELLDO, int. s.Pem. [be'ldu.] Dear me ! Well !
s.Pem. Belldo ! yea don' mean to say so ! Belldo ! I never saw
sooch a thing afore! (W.M.M.)
BELLER, v. Obs. Sc. To bubble up QAM.). Hence
Bellerin, ppl. adj.
Fif. A ... bellerin' bubble made o' fraith, TENNANT Papistry
(1827) 29.
BELLER, see Bilder.
BELL-FLOWER, sb. (i) Any plant of the campanula
family (Chs. Lin.) ; (2) the daffodil, Narcissus pseudo-nar-
cissus (Dor. Som.).
(i) Chs.1 a. n.Lin.1 (2) w.Dor. (C.V.G.) ; Called ' Daffidowndilly '
in other parts of Dor., MANSEL-PLEYDELL Flora (1874). Som.
JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873) > Also
called bell-rose, JV. &•> Q. ,1877) sth S. viii. 358.
BELLIBORION, sb. Obs. ? e.An. A variety of apple.
[Not known to our correspondents.] e.An.1, Nrf.1
BELLICIS, see Bellows.
BELLICON, sb. Obsol. Sc. Cum. Wm. Also in form
belky Cum.1
1. An obese person or animal ; a glutton.
N.Cy.1 Cum. Freq. used a few years ago (J.C.) ; Cum.1, Wm.
(B.K/)
2. A blustering fellow. Ayr. (JAM.)
BELLIS(E, v. Yks. Shr. Glo. Sus. Dev. Also written
billus Sus.1 ; billiz- Dev. [be'las, be'lis.]
1. To beat, flog. See Baleise.
w.Yks. BANKS Wkfld. Wds (1865). Shr.1, Sus.1
Hence Billizing, vbl. sb. a thrashing, buffeting.
Dev. Give him a good billizing, Reports Provinc. (1882) 9.
2. To drive, disturb.
Dev. They [rabbits] be too much a-bellis'd about vor to vind
many 'bout here, Reports Provinc. (i%93).
3. To bustle about.
Glo. (H.S.H.)
BELLMAN-SUCKER, sb. Obsol. Yks. A beating
administered to one sent on an April-fool's errand.
w.Yks. (M.F.) ; DYER Dial. (1891) 79.
BELLOCK, v. and sb. Sc. Wm. Yks. Chs. Stf. Der.
Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Brks. Bdf. Sus. Hmp.
Wil. Also written bellack s.Chs.1 ; bellick Sus.1; belloch
Sc. ; belluck se.Wor.1 ; beluk Bdf. [be-lak.]
1. v. Of persons, esp. children : to cry loudly, to roar.
Cf. belder, bell.
Lth. Grizzie, sour hizzie, . . . Yelloch'd an' belloch'd Like roann
Bull o' Bashan, SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 19. s.Chs.1 s.Stf.
Now goo'n bellock an' raise the wol parish (T.P.). Stf.12, Der.2,
nw-Der.1, Lei.1 Nhp.1 Why do you stand bellocking there ?
War.2 ; War.3 When the master thrashed him he bellock'd like
a bull. w.Wor.1, se.Wor.1 Shr.1 We maden 'im g66 to school,
'is faither an' me, an' 'e bellocked all the road as 'e went. Hrf.1
Glo. BAYLIS Illus. Dial. (1870) ; Glo.12 Brks.1 When I wolloped
un' a bellocked zo 'e med year'n a mild awaay. Bdf. BATCHELOR
Anal. Eng. Lang. 1809). Sus.1 It wasn't at all fitting that he
should call me over, and bellick about house same as he did
(s.v. Fitting). Hmp. Bellock lik' a bull (J.R.W.); Hmp.1 Wil.
BRITTON Beauties (1825) ; Wil.1
2. Of cattle : to low, roar.
Lth. The Crummie bellochs back, an' fain Wad break her tether
strang, SMITH Merry Bridal (,1866) 17. Hrf.1 A cow that has lost
her calf bellocks.
Hence (i) Bellocker, sb. anything very large of its
kind ; cf. belderer ; fa) Bellocking, vbl. sb. the lowing of
cattle ; (3) Bellocking,///. adj. very large.
H h 2
BELLOWS
[236]
BELLY
(i) m.Yks.1 (2) Shr.1 'Ark the cow bellockin' ; 'er wants 'er
cauve, see 'ow 'er elder's pounded, poor thing. Hrf.2, Hmp.1
(3) n.Yks. (I. W.I, m.Yks.1
3. To complain, to grumble. Wil.1
4. To eat greedily, to devour.
Wm., w.Yks. He bellocked his dinner as fast as he could
(B.K.). m-Yks.1
Hence Bellocker, sb. a greedy person.
Wm., w.Yks. A gurt brussen bellocker (B.K.).
5. sb. A,loud cry, roar.
s.Chs.1 60 did oa'pn aayt un faach- up u bel uk [hoo did open ait
an' fatch up a bellack] (s.v. Open aTt).
[Perh. a contam. of bellow with bullock.]
BELLOWS, sb. Irel. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Nhp.
War. Wor. Glo. Brks. Som. Dev. Cor. Amer. Also in
forms ballaces Chs.1; ballis Lan.; ballises w.Yks.;
bellases Nhb.1 w.Yks.2; bellis w.Som.1 ; billees Cor.1
[be-las.]
1. Used as sing, with indef. art. : a pair of bellows.
Cor. A billies, simmy, es a queer thing, And a new waun es
a dear thing, TREGELLAS Tales (1865) 78; Cor.1 A bellows,
facetiously called the Cornish organ ; Cor.3
2. Hence, double pi. Bellowses.
Ant. (W.H.P.), Nhb.1, Wm.1 w.Yks. So long as ivver theare's
a leit ov wind left it bellases, Dewsbre Olm. (1863) 8 ; A'm like
a pair of bellowses wi' t'wind out, GASKELL Sylvia (1863) I. v ;
Leeds Merc. Suppl. (July 25, 1891) ; w.Yks.2 Bellases or bellices,
bellows for an iron forge. Chs.1, War.2 Glo. I want a pair o'
belluses, GISSING Vitt. Hampden (1890) II. vii. Brks.1 w.Som.1
A blacksmith of my acquaintance always speaks of his bul-eesez.
This form is quite common. It is thought very unlucky to put
the bellows on the table ; many a housewife would be horrified
at the sight. Dev. A few years ago might be seen in Exeter,
on a signboard : ' Here lives a man what dont refuse To mend
umbrellases, bellowses, boots and shoes,' ELWORTHY Gl. [Amer.
FARMER.]
3. Comp. Ballis-leather, tough leather used for the sides
of a pair of bellows.
Lan. That ballis-leather face of his went like as if it had bin newly-
damped for stretchin', BRIERLEY Ab-o'th-Yate Yankeeland (1885)
iii ; It'll be bad times wi' th' worms when they getten howd o'
yo', beaut they can mak' a dinner off booans and ballis leather, ib.
Red Wind. (1868) 15.
4. Used humorously of the lungs. In gen. use as slang.
Lan. My ballis are gettin' done, BRIERLEY Layrock (1864) v.
Glo.1 To be took bad in the bellers. Brks.1 Som. Unless yer likes
bawlin' to four walls to exercise yer bellers, PALMER Mr. Trueman
(1895) 96. Slang. Life B.M. Carew (1791) ; FARMER. [Amer.
His bellowses is sound enough, LOWELL Biglow (1848) I. 23 (16.).]
5. Fig.'m phr. to give bellows to mend. Of persons or things:
to make a sharp attack upon, to beat soundly.
Lan. Aw've bin lungin' for a sheep's yed, un aw'll give it ballis
to mend neaw aw have getten it, WOOD Sketches, 16 ; (S. W.) s.Lan.
(F.E.T.)
6. Comp. Ballis-pipe, the windpipe.
Lan. Yo'n had it [a ' tally-ho ! '] as loud as me owd ballis-pipe
ud give it, BRIERLEY Waverlow (1863) i. e.Lan.1
7. In phr. (i) Bellows to mend, out of breath, exhausted ;
(2) as dark as bellows ; (3) old rose and blow (or burn) the
bellows, see below.
(i) Glo. A lot on 'em [horses] wur cryin' ' Bellis to mend,' Roger
Plowman, 14. Slang. For half a mile the pace was severe, and it
was ' bellows to mend ' with some of us, DAVIES School Field-club
(1881) xxxvi. (2) e.Yks. NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) ; (R.S.)
m.Yks.1 (3) Nhp.1 ' To sing old rose and burn the bellows '
indicates rejoicing over the termination of a long and troublesome
job. ne. Wor. 'That's all " old roseand blow the bellows, The wind
blew the pump up",' would be said sarcastically in reply to an in-
credible story. Obsol. (J.W.P.)
[1. Thou . . . like a bellows swell'st thy face, DRYDEN
Persius (c. 1700), Sat. v (JOHNSON). 2. Twenty bellowses
in all he had, HOBBES Iliad (1676) xvm. 427 (N.E.D.).]
BELLpWS, v. Yks. Not. Glo. Oxf. I.W. Dev. Cor.
Also written bellas e.Yks.1 ; bellus Glo.1 Oxf.1 ; billus
I.W.1 [be-las.]
1. To breathe hard ; to be out of breath.
w.Yks. As I wor fairly bellust I jumpt ower a wall inta a wood-
yard, Pudsey Olm. (1883) 20. I.W.1
MS. add. n.Dev.
Sc.
Money saved for
Abd. Only used by very old
Hence (i) Bellowsed, ppl. adj. exhausted, out of breath ;
(2) Bellowser, sb. a violent blow or hard task which takes
away one's breath ; also fig. ; (3) Bellowsing, vbl. sb.
panting or exhaustion after running.
(i) e.Yks.1 (2) w.Yks.5 A crowner in the way of argument,
a ' decided hit ' ; 'a good say,' knocking the wind out of your
antagonist. Cor.3 Billizer, a hard task. (3) I.W.2 Coming up that
shoot ded gimme a billusen.
2. To walk hurriedly, to go panting along.
Not.3, Glo.1 Oxf.1 I sin 'er a-bellusin' along, M
What's 'a billizin along so for then ?
BELL-PENNY, sb. Obsol.
paying one's funeral expenses.
Sc. Used at Aberbrothick 'JAM.).
people (H.E.F.).
BELL-RAG, see Ballyrag.
BELLTINKER, sb. and v. Yks. Lan. [be'ltirjka(r).]
1. sb. In phr. to give or promise bell/inker. Of persons :
to give a good thrashing, or occas. a scolding. Of things :
to do anything thoroughly, in good style.
e.Yks. Ah'd ha' gi'n him bell-tinker an paddy-whack sauce1,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889' 41 ; e.Yks.1 Ah'll gie tha bell-tinker if
thoo disn't mind what thoo's aboot. w.Yks. Aw hardly like to
disturb it, an them pooltices give it belltinker, HARTLEY Clock
Aim. (1896) 56. Lan. Hoo'd prommis im bell-tinker furst toime
hoo cud ley hand on im, SCHOLES Tim Gamwattle (1857; 4 ; Gan
him bell-tinker wi th' noose end of a weight-rope, BRIERLEY Daisy
Nook (1859) 44; Aw rayther flatter mysel uz we did it i' grand
style. . . Astheysayni'Bowton, we gien it belltinker, Bobby Shuttle,
48. e.Lan.1 'Give him beltinker' means pay him the beggar's
portion. m-Lan.1
2. v. To beat, thrash.
w.Yks.2 To bell-tinker a boy.
BELLUM, sb. Sc. Nhb. [he-lam.] A blast; force,
impetus.
Lth. (JAM.) Nhb.1 Turning the corner, I met a great bellum ol
wind.
BELLUND, see Bellan.
BELLUS'D, see Bellaces.
BELL- WAVER, sb. Obsol. or obs. Sc. To ramble,
waver ; also Jig. (JAM.) Hence Bell-wavering, vbl. sb.
fluttering ; rambling.
Sc. I doubt me, his wits have gone a bellwavering, SCOTT
Monastery (1820) vii ; When ye war no liken tae come back, we
thought ye war a' gane a bellwaverin, St. Patrick (1819) I. 165
(JAM.). Liik. A piece of cloth, hung up to be dried, is said to be
bellwavering in the wind (»6.).
BELLY, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Written
bally Cum.1 e.Lan.1 Chs.123 Stf.2 nw.Der.1 Shr.1 [be'li,
ba-li.]
1. A litter of pigs or ot rabbits.
w.Yks. I told him that he might have another belly of rabbits
(S.O.A.). Chs.1 We speak of the little pigs themselves as a ' bally
of pigs ' ; in speaking of the sow we should say ' how many bailies
has oo had ? ' Chs.23, s.Chs.1 Stf.2 They sen as 'ow farmer
Biggs 'as gotten a sow as 'as 'ad thirten i' one bally, s. Wor. H.K.)
Shr.1 I shall keep that sow on, 'er brought ten pigs the first bally
an' twelve the next.
2. Of bacon : a flitch.
Stf.2
3. The widest part of a mineral vein.
Wm.1 Shr. The lead is met with in bellies of ore, that is a small
string leads often to a body of ore about four or five yards in
diameter, MARSHALL Review (1818) II. 197.
4. Comp. (i) Belly-ache, to complain fretfully; (2)
•aching, fretful, complaining; (3) -brussen, distended,
ruptured ; (4) -button, the navel; (5) -can, see below; (6)
-courage, boasting, brag ; (7) -cruds, ' beestings,' q.v. ;
(8) -dright, as much as can be drunk at one breath ; (9)
•flap, flat on the stomach ; (10) -flapper, a blow given by
falling flat on the water in diving ; (n) -fret, querulous
complaint; (la) -god, (13) -gourdon, (14) -gulch.a glutton;
(15) -gulp, hiccup ; (16) -gut, a glutton ; (17) -harm, the
colic ; (18) -kite, one who eats unwholesome things ; (19)
•man, a glutton ; (20) -muck, refuse, rubbish ; (21) -naked,
entirely naked ; (22) -nipple, the navel ; (23) -part, (24)
•piece, bacon from the abdomen of a pig ; (25) -proud,
BELLY
[237l
BELLY-VENGEANCE
fastidious with regard to food ; (26) -rack, an act of gor-
mandizing ; (27) -rim, -rine, the lower part of the abdomen ;
(28) -room, see below ; (29) -sagged, dropsical ; (30)
-stend, (31) -stick, a stick used by butchers to keep open
the sides of a slaughtered animal; (32) -thraw, colic; (33)
•tie, see below; (34) -watch, a sensation of hunger; (35)
•wiring, colic. See also Belly-flaught, -ful, -timber,
•vengeance, -wark.
(i) w.Dor. (C.V.G.) [Amer., N.Y. Employes bellyache at being
overworked, or when they fancy themselves underfed, Sec., N.Y.
Times (Dec. 18, 1881) .v FARMER).] (2) w.Dor. A sort of belly-
aching woman (C.V.G. ). (3)n.Yks.2, Lei.1 (^e.Yks.1 MS. add.
(T.H. w.Yks. (S.K.C.) ; w.Yks.2, Chs.1 (5) Gmg. In Merthyr
Tydfil local ingenuity has invented a machine known as a ' belly-
can.' By this means liquor may be conveyed from the public
house, outside the skin [to evade the provisions of the Welsh
Sunday Closing Act], Sat. Review (1889) 311, col. i. [Atin vessel,
not unlike a saddle in shape, for carrying beer, FARMER.] (6) nXin.1
(7) Cum.1 (8; Lan. Three let-deawns makken one swig ; three
swigs one bally-droight, BRIERLEY Red Wind. (1868) 37. e.Lan.1
(9, Nhb. But just as he gat in a bit of a splutter, Sum chaps dang
him doon belly-flap i" the gutter, MARSHALL Sngs. (1819) 9 ;
Anuthor thump torns us owor belly-flap on mi fyece, CHATER
Tyneside Aim. (1869) 32. (10) Nhb.1 (n) Suf. He is on the belly-
fret (F.H.). (12) Not.1 w.Som.1 1 calls he a proper belly- god ; all
he do look arter is stuffin his ugly guts. (13) Fif. (JAM.) (14)010.
They be growing desperd bad, and all through that belly-gulch
Robert Ordway, GISSING Both of this Parish (1889) I. 34. (15)
Cor.3 (16) Bnff.1 (.17) Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.1 n.Dev.
Joe . . . Went wi' tha belly-harm away, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867)
st. 103. Dev.3 (18) Cum.1 (19) e.Lan.1 (20) w.Yks. Pills,
boalusses, an' all sich belly-muck, Yks. Comet (1844) i. (21) aLin.1
(22) Cmb.1 (23) w.Som.J (34) w.Yks.1, Chs.1, n.Lin.1, Oxf.1
MS. add. (25) s.Chs.1 Oo)z bin- fed'n upu sich- graan'd stiif i
dhem taayn aayzn, dhun 6o)z got'n baaH-praayd, un wii)nu
look ut)th mee-t uz dhi ee-tn uwom- [Hoo's bin fedden upo" sich
grand stuff i' them tain hai'sen, than ( = till) hoo's gotten bally-
prai'd, an' wunna look at th' meat as they eaten a-wom]. Stf.2
'Ave a bit o' supper wi' us, we'n Ony bread and cheese, but the
artna very bally-praid, oi know. War.3 Shr.1 'E wuz welly
clemmed wen 'e come to me, an' now 'e's got bally- proud. (26)
Lnk. (JAM.) (27) Nhb.1 The rim of the belly is said to be broken
when its muscles are lacerated or violently sprained. ' He's
brust his belly-rim.' Cum.1 (28) Stf.2 'To find bally-room for ' is
a common expression. Oi wudnar foind bali-raum far such
swil. (29) n.Yks.2 Also in form belly-swagg'd. (30) Nhb.1 (31)
Chs.1 (32) s.Sc. (JAM.) (33) w.Som.1 Belly-tie, the strap be-
longing to the harness which passes under the horse's belly. There
are always two ; one to fasten on the saddle, and the other to
prevent the shafts from rising. Called elsewhere 'wanty' — i.e.
womb-tie. (34) w.Yks. It's about nooin [dinner-time] by my belly-
watch (S.P.U.). (35) Cum. (E.W.P.)
5. Phr. (i) Belly go lake thee, take thy fill, indulge thy
appetite ; (2) to eat the calf in the cow's belly.
(i) w.Yks.1 (a) w.Som.1 A very common bucolic saying, ex-
pressive of what is called 'discounting' in commercial talk, is
' Ai'teen dhu kyaa'v een dhu kaewz buul-ee.'
BELLY, v. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Stf. Der. Shr. Glo. Som.
Written bally Stf.2 nw.Der.1 Shr.1 [be'li, ba-li.]
1. To swell out ; to grow corpulent ; to bulge out.
Nhb.1 n.Yks. (I.W.) Stf.2 Cum, mester, the't ballyin, I se ;
the must do a bit o' work. nw-Der.1 Shr. BOUND Prov. (1876) ;
Shr.1 'E use' to be as thin as a red yerrin ; but faith, 'e bailies
well sence 'e went to the paas'ns. Glo.2 Som. That like a girt
haay mow hes carkus bellied out, ' AGRIKLER ' Rhymes (1872) 29.
2. To eat or drink voraciously ; to cram with food.
Bnff.1 Abd. To belly one's self o' water (JAM.).
[1. To belly, to belly out, to grow fat, to jut forth, BAILEY
(1721) ; The milk-white canvass bellying as they blow,
POPE Iliad (1718) i. 626 ; We flatter ourselves that, while
we creep on the ground, we belly into melons, BURKE
Corr. (1772) I. 381 (N.E.D.).]
BELLY-FLAUGHT, adv. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Also
in form -flauts Nhb.1 ; -flought N.Cy.1 ; -flowght Dur.
1. Headlong, stretched flat; face downward. Cf.flaucht-
bred.
Sc. They met ; an' aff scour'd for their fraught . . . Nor stapt —
till beath flew, bellie-flaught, I' the pool, NICOL Poems (1805) I.
31 JAM.). Lnk. The bauld good-wife of Braith, Arm'd wi' a great
kail-gully, Came belly-flaught, RAMSAY Wks. (ed. 1800) I. 260
(«'&.). Gall. Faain' bellyflaught on the water like a paddock,
CROCKETT Raiders ; 1894) xv. Kcb. Fell bellyflaught on Doctor
John, DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 91. N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 The fashion
of mounting a bare-backed horse. ' He gat on belly-flauts.' Dur.
He fell belly-flowght on t'grund, EGGLESTONE Betty Pod/tin's Lett.
(,1877) 13.
Hence Belly-flaughtered, ppl. adj. thrown flat on the
ground.
Cum. (E.W.P.)
2. Phr. to flay belly-flaught, to draw the skin over the
head, as in skinning a rabbit.
Sc. (JAM.) Bnff.1 Abd. Flay him belly-flaught, his skin wad
mak' a gallant tulchin for you, FORBES Jrn. (1742) 13.
BELLYFUL, sb. In gen. dial. use. Fig. a sufficient
quantity ; a repletion.
Nhb. Enjoyin' all a bellyfull Of laughin', at ma stories rare,
WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) 57 ; Nhb.1 Ye'll get a bellyfull on him
afore he's deun taakin', noo. Wm. We sat down on a cauld steane
an' grat sare ; but when we hed hed our belly-full o' greeting we
gat up, an felt better for't, SOUTHEY Knitters e' Dent (18481. Not.1
n.Lin.1 He's gotten his belly-full this time, said of any person
who has been completely beaten. sw.Lin.1 He's g'en him his
belly-ful. War.2 w.Wor.1 Many's the time I've sot in that
chapel an' cried my bellyful. se.Wor.1, Oxf. L MS. add. Ess. Yet
feed them and cram them til purse doe lack chinke, No spoone
meat, no bellifull, labourers thinke, TUSSER Husbandrie 1,1580)
101, St. 27. Ken. If you come near me I'll give you a bellyful.
I don't want any more, I've got a bellyful (D.W.L.).
[But let him bang his belly-full, I'd bear it all for
Sally, CAREY Sally in our Alley (c. 1713) ; A belly-full,
satietas. A belly full's a belly full, COLES (1679) ; Rumble
thy bellyful ! Spit, fire ! spout, rain ! SHAKS. K. Lear, in.
ii. 14 ; I have destroyed my bely full, COVERDALE (1535)
Ezek. xxvi. 2.]
BELLY-TIMBER, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Der. Lin. Lei. War. Also Som. Dev. Cor. Also written
•timmer Nhb.1 Cum.1 Wm.1 w.Yks.1 ne.Lan.1; -tember
Cor. Food, provisions.
Fif. Tammie Pethrie's wrackit mare Had . . . chang'd her cam-
stane for a skair O' belly-timber sweet, TENNANT Papistry ( 1827) 1 15.
Gall. Them that gaes linking thorough the moss-haggs and the
muirs . . . has need o' some sleeve belly-timber, CROCKETT Raiders
(1894) xvi. Nhb. This was the kind o' belly-timmer For myekin'
pitmen strang and tuiff, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) 58 ; Nhb.1,
Cum.1 Wm. Ther's nowt like belly-timber for keeping t'back up
(B.K.); Ye that er careful for nought but progging for belly-
timber, HUTTON Bran New Wark (1785) 1. 412; Wm.1 Jocular
expression. Tha leeaks as iv tha was short a belly-timmer.
n.Yks.12, m.Yks.1 w.Yks. T'landlord o't Cock Inn iz a capable
man, an he provided a deacent lot o' belly-timber, Pogmoor Olm.
(1895) 40; Ham an tongue, pidgeon pies an ivverything else at
wor good, i t'shap o belly timber, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairns/a
Ann. (1859) 40 ; w.Yks.12. neXan.1, nw.Der.1, n.Lin.1, Lei^.War.23
w.Som.1 Kau-m soa-us! ed-n ut tuy-m vur t-aem sum buul-ee-
tunrur? [come mates! is it not time to have some victuals?]
Well, I calls it very purty belly tim'er ; I wish I midn never meet
way no wisser. Dev. She has been to the shop for some belly-
timber, w.Times (Mar. 5, 1886) 2, col. 2. nw-Dev.1 Cor. That's
the plaace for belly-tember, Tim. Towser (1873) 94 ; Cor.2
[Belly-timber (used only in low or droll style), materials
to support the belly, food, ASH (1795) ; Here is no solid
belly-timber in this country, SMOLLETT Count fathom
(1754) ed. 1800, iv. 113; Belly-timber or belly-chear, abdo-
minis voluptates, ROBERTSON Phras. (1693) ; Belly-timber,
belly-cheer, cibaria, COLES (1679) ; Annona cam est, corne
is at a high price, victuals are deare, belly timber is hard
to come by, BERNARD Terence (1629) 73; Carrelure de
venire, meat, belly-timber, belly-cheer, COTGR.]
BELLY-VENGEANCE, sb. Wm. Yks. Chs. Lin. War.
Shr. Oxf. Ess. Wil. Cor. Also written -wengins Ess.1
1. Sour drink, esp. very weak, sour beer. Also used
attrib.
Wm.1 w.Yks. Pay fourpence for a glass o' belly-vengeance,
HARTLEY Ditties (c. 1873) 108 ; w.Yks.1 Weak, sour beer, of
which he that gets the most, gets the worst share. Chs.1 Sour
beer would be stigmatised as ' reg'lar bally-vengeance.' n.Lin.1,
Lei.1, War.2 Shr.1 Pretty 'arr66st drink, indeed ! w'y it inna-d-a
BELLY-WARK
[238]
BELT
bit better nor belly-vengeance ; Shr.2 Oxf.1 MS. add. Ess.1 Wil.
The ordinary drink of the house being beer of the very smallest
description, real ' belly-vengeance,' as Mr. Jacob termed it, AKER-
MAN Tales (1853) 40; Wil.1 Also used of very inferior cider.
Cor. Sich sour belly vengeance beer, when we cud git any,
TREGELLAS Tales (1865) 66.
2. Stomach-ache, resulting from drinking anything sour.
s.Chs.1 It)l gy'i)dhi dhu baal'i ven'juns [It'll gie thee the bally-
vengeance].
BELL Y-W ARK, sb. Nhb. Dur. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf. Der. Lin. Also in the forms -waak e.Yks.1 ; -wahk
e.Yks. ; -watch Chs.1 Stf.2; -wartch Lan.; -werch
m.Lan.1 ; -work Wm.1 n.Lin.1 [-wak, -watf.]
1. Gripes, colic. Msofig. See Wark.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) ; Sick o' th' idle crick, and
the belly-wark i" th' heel, prov. used of sham sickness, RAY Prov.
(1678) 254 ; N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Dur.1, Wm.1 n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 A belly-
wark trade, a profitless pursuit. ne.Yks.1 In common use. e.Yks.
Thoo's seear ti hev belly wahk cranshin" si monny green crabs,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 52 ; e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks. Lots o'
plums an belly-wark, Pogmoor Olm. (1893) I4 > Skwaiaz (a) gain
ta ev a gran ta-du, an iz apaz lean sudanli il wit beli-wak [Squire's
a gangin ta hev a gran ta-do, an' his harper's takken suddenly ill
wi' t'belly-wark], DIXON Craven Dales (1881) 186; w.Yks.123 Lan.
One on 'em whisper't to Thwittler, an' axed him if his fiddle had
getten th' bally-warche, WAUGH Barrel Organ (1867) 281 ; It's
yeawlin . . . like a donkey wi th' ballywartch, BRIERLEY Irkdale
(1865) 14; Kure ony mon o'th bally wartch, SCHOLES Tim Gam-
wattle (1857) 14 ; Folk abeawt heer pooin' their faces wi th' bally
wartch, through suppin thy yarb tay , WOOD Sketches, 6. ne.Lan.1,
eXan.1 mXan.1 Aw wonst heeard ov a lad as said he liked
hevin' th' bally-werch becos id felt so nice when id hed gooan
away. Chs.1 Chiefly on the «. side of county. What's up wi'
th' tit ? — He's getten th' bally-warch. Stf.2 I eat a lot o' sour
apples, and then gSn m6' th' bally warch. Der.2, nw.Der.1 Lin.
STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes (1884) 316. n.Lin.1, e.Lin. (G.G.W.)
2. In playing marbles : a method of shooting at the taw.
w.Yks.2 Belly-warks, a term used in the game of marbles when
the player holds his taw against his belly, and, without moving
his hand therefrom, shoots at his opponent's taw.
BELONG, v. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Not. Lin.
Lei. Nhp. War. Also Som. Cor. Also written belang
Cum.1 [bilo'rj, bila-rj, bilae'rj.]
1. To own ; foil, by dir. obj.
Cum. Who belongs yon dog? (J.Ar.) ; Cum.1 ne.Yks.1 Wheea
belangs t'stick ? w.Yks. I belong that house (J.T. , ; w.Yks.3 Who
belongs this house ? Not.1 Lei.1 Hi, mister ! D'yo belong this
'ere ombreller ? War.2
2. With prep, to : to own, possess ; to appertain.
Wm.1 Whea belangs lull et ? nXin.1 It never belonged to my
business. s.Stf. If he belonged to that much golden money,
MURRAY Rainbow Gold (1886) 80. Nhp.1 A peculiar idiomatic use
of this word is current with us, by which property and its possessor
are transposed : thus, ' Mr. A. belongs to that house.' w.Som.1
Used peculiarly in the dialect so as to make the person appertain
to the thing, instead of the converse. For the question, ' To whom
do these houses belong? ' we should say, ' Ue du beelau-ng tu
dhai'zh-uur aewzez ? ' Be you the ginlmun, make so bold, that do
belong to this here house ? At any fair or market it is very common
to hear, ' Who do belong to these here bullicks ? '
Hence Belonging to,pfir. used as prep., appertaining to,
with reference to.
s.Chs.1 Ahy iinbithuwt misel- u sunriit aaf'tur yu wun gon,
biliingg-in tu wot yu wun tel-in mi [I unbethowt mysel o' summat
after y6 won gone, belungin' to what y& won tellin' me]. Stf.2
Ar parson come fur ax mei abait summat belungin to th' Sunday
mornin sarvice.
3. With omission of prep, to : to appertain to, belong to :
hence to dwell, reside.
Cum. Seeds is fine, ... we tell'tman.'at belangt them, FARRALL
Betty Wilson (1886) 28; Each brings back ony sheep that disn't
be eng him, Cornhill Mag. (Oct. 1890) 380. n.Yks.1 A coat
belonging 1 homas. Wheea's thae tweea ladies, sa' thee ?— Whah !
they belongs me— they's our Janey and Mally. ne.Yks.1 Yon
swath field belangs John Smith farm. w.Yks. Dicky Dunnaker
belenged t aristocracy o' Benkfooit, CUDWORTH Sketches (1884)
32; That house belongs me. Seldom heard now, but twenty
or thirty years ago this idiom formed part of the everyday
language of working people, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 3, 1891^
Lan. All these books belong the library, A'. £/ Q. (1887 sth
S. ix. 505. neXan.1 The stock belonging my brother. s.Not.
(J.P.K.) sw.Lin.1 He belongs the club. It's the cat as belongs
the yard. War.3 You don't belong these parts ? [you are not a
native of this part of the country ?] Cor.1 I belong at home [live
at home].
4. To be accustomed, to be in the habit of; to be one's
duty, to behove.
n.Lin.1 It duzn't belong to bairns to knaw ivery thing 'ats talk'd
on. w.Cor. I don't belong to sing that, it's not one of my songs
(A.L.M.) ; I b'long feedin the baSby (M.A.C.). Cor.1 I am not so
ill as I belong to be [as I generally am]. She belongs to stay in
to-night [it's her turn to stay in to-night], I belong working
to Wheal Jane; Cor.3 I don't belong going to Church, but I will
this once. I belong to go to mine to-day, but I'm too tired.
BELOW, adv. and prep. Nhb. e.An. Ken. Written
belaw Nhb.1
1. adv. Below ground, in a coal-pit.
Nhb. I' yen corf we byeth gan belaw, N. Minstrel (1806-7)
pt. iv. 76 ; Nhb.1 Wor skipper was tyekin his pipe doon belaw,
CORVAN Keel on Fire (c. 1865). When they're duen wi' roads
belaw, May they find that to heaven, WILSON Dicky's Wig (1826)
st. 67.
2. To the north, northward.
e-An.1 He ha' gone below [to the North of England].
3. In phr. below London, not in Kent.
Ken. (P.M.); Ken.1 An expression almost as common as 'the
Sheeres.'
BELOWNDER, sb. Shr. [bilovrnda(r).] The noise
of a heavy fall.
Shr.1 Las' night I 'eard sich a belownder ; an" whad should it
be but one o' the cheeses 'ad tumbled off the shilf.
[Be- + lavender (sb.), q.v.]
BELPER, sb. Not. [be'lpa(r).] A heavy fall.
Not. (L.C.M.) ; I came down such a helper, HOLE Memories
(1892) 193; Not.2 I fell down a helper.
BELPER, v. Cum. Lei. Also written bilper Lei.1
To cheat ; to overreach.
Cum. LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 297. Lei.1 To helper at marls
[marbles].
Hence Bilpering, ppl. adj. cheating, dishonest.
Lei.1 A bilperin' sort o' fellow.
BELSH, v. Som. To clean the tails of sheep by
cutting away dirty or matted wool. Cf. belt.
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873).
[Prob. repr. ME. bellisch, to make fair. Belchyn or
make fayre, decora, venusto, Prompt.}
BELSIZE, adj. Obs. e.An. Bulky, of goodly size.
[Not known to our correspondents.] e.An.1, Nrf.1
BELT, sb.'1 Sc. Lin. Nrf. [belt.] A narrow strip of
wood or plantation.
Sc. (A. W.) sw-Lin.1 They're cutting a ride down the belt.
Nrf. A narrow plantation forming a boundary (E.M.).
Hence Beltie, sb. a small plantation.
Ahd. I wish I war' but at oor plantin' beltie, Guidman (1873) 47.
BELT, sb.2 Chs. [belt.] Meaning doubtful. The
rudder, or rudder-lines of a ship (?).
Chs.1 [Only used in the following line from a children's rhyme]
When the snow began to melt, 'Twas loike a ship withait a belt
BELT, sb.3 Cum. [belt.] A heavy fall. See Belter.
Cum. He came down such a belt (H.W.).
BELT, v.1 Sc. Yks. Chs. Stf. Der. Not. Lei. Nhp. War.
Shr. Glo. Bck. Aus. [belt.]
1. To flog, thrash; orig. with a leather belt. Cf. ash,
hazle, strap.
Sc. I wish he had beltit your shoulders as aft as he has done
mine, HOGG Brownie (1818) II. 162 (JAM.). e.Yks.1 w.Yks.
Belted him wi' fbackband, Yksman. (Apr. 29, 1877) n, col. i; Hlfx.
Wds. ; BANKS Wkjld. Wds. (i865j ; w.Yks.« Belt him his hide !
Belted t'wind out'n him. Chs.1, s.Chs.1 Stf.2 Na, Willie, get
off upstairs like a good lad or the feyther'll belt thi when '& cums
in. Der.2, nw.Der.1, Not.1, Lei.1, Nhp.12, War.23, Shr.12 n.Bck.
(A.C.) [Ans., N.S.W. I've half a mind to belt you home again to
your mother, BOLDREWOOD Robbery (1888) II. xiv.]
2. In phr. to belt the cadger, to vomit. Bnff.1
3. To hurry, to bustle about. Cf. bang.
w.Yks. I could see the others [weavers] belting at it (J.K.S.).
War.2 Bio. (H.S.H.) ; Glo.1
BELT
[239]
BEMAZE
[Comitted to Alexander Cuming to see him belted be
his mother, (1649) in ROGERS Soc. Life Scotl. II. 217
(N.E.D.).]
BELT, v? Yks. Chs. Not. Lin. Nhp. Won Glo. Wil.
[belt.] To remove the matted wool and dirt from the
hinder parts of sheep. Cf. belsh.
w.Yks.2 Chs. Belting of sheep, cutting off y" daglocks (K.) ;
Chs.1 Midi. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796) II. Not. (W.H.S.)
sw.Lin.1 To belt sheep, so that the lambs may be able to suck freely.
Nhp.2, se.Wor.1. Glo. (S.S.B.), Wil.1
Hence (i) Belting, vb. sb. (a) the act of thus cleaning
sheep, (b) in pi. the dirty wool shorn from a sheep's hind-
quarters ; also called dag-locks, q.v. ; (2) Belt-locks, sb.
'beltings.'
(i, a) Glo.1 As in the time of Henry Vth they accompted, not only
for the broken wool, but for the taggs and locks arisinge at the
belting of his sheep in the folds, SMYTH Berkeleys, II. 7. (4) w.Yks.2,
Chs.1, Not.3, Glo.1 (2") se.Wor.1
[In FiTZHERBERf Husb. (1534) 45 there is a distinct
section (IT 41) entitled, 'To belte shepe,' with full directions
how to perform the operation.]
BELT, v.3 Nhb. Dur. Wm. Yks. Lin. [belt.] Past
tense and pp. of build.
Nhb.1, Dur.1, e.Wm. (J.M.), Wm.1, n.Yks.2, ne.Yks.1, e.Yks.1,
m.Yks.1 w.Yks. When it [the donkey cart] wor belt, BINNS
Wilsden Orig. (1889) 5; w.Yks.12 Lin. Straange an' owd-farran'd
the 'ouse, an' belt long afoor my daay, TENNYSON Owd Rod (18891.
nXin.1 This house was belt by my faather.
[He his goddis brocht in Latio, And belt the ciete,
DOUGLAS Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, n. 22 ; Without be
burgh on a bank beldit he hys tentez, Wars Alex. (c.
1450) 2441. OE. (ge)byld, pp. of byldan, to build.]
BELTANE, sb. Obsol. Sc. Irel. Cum. Also Cor.
Also written beltain Cum. ; beltan Sc. ; beltin Sh.I.
1. The ist ctf May (O.S.), anciently one of the quarter-
days in Scotland, the others being Hallowmas (Nov. i),
Candlemas (Feb. 2), and Lammas (Aug. i). 'Beltane'
was sometimes applied also to May 3 (the Invention of
the Cross), and even to Whitsunday.
Sc. They may bide in her shop window till Beltane, SCOTT
St. Roiian (1824) ii ; When at Beltane game Thou ledst the dance,
ib. Lady of Lake (1810) 11. xv ; A gowk at Yule'll no be bright
at Beltane, HISLOP Prov. 23, 3rd ed. ; Ye'll get waur bodes ere
Beltane. Prov. addressed to a person who refuses the price
offered for an article, ib. 333 ; I'll bring your Yule belt to a
Beltane bore, Prov., Denham Tracts (ed. 1895) II. 92. Sh.I.
Beltin day, term day. Haaf-fishing begins. N.S. May ist ; O.S.
May isth, Mansons' Aim. (1893). Frf. My Jamie comes at
Beltane-day, LAING Wayside Firs. (1846) 103. Per. On Beltane
morning, people go to this well [near a druidical temple], and
drink of it ; then they make a procession round it nine times.
After this they in like manner go round the temple. . . . They will
not negle'ct these rites, even when Beltane falls on Sabbath
QAM.) ; On the first of May Beltan is chiefly celebrated by
the cowherds, who assemble by scores in the fields, to dress
a dinner for themselves, of boiled milk and eggs. These dishes
they eat with a sort of cakes baked for the occasion, and having
small lumps in the form of nipples, raised all over the surface,
Logiemit Statist. Ace. (1794) V. 84 (JAM.) ; A toast given sometimes
by old people is ' Here's your health till Beltane' (G.W.). Lth.
He wad tak me before Beltan day, MACNEILL Poet. Wks. (1801)
202, ed. 1856. Ir. The water of three boundaries, Before rising
of sun, On the morning of Beltaine, Charm in Flk-Lore Jrn. (1884)
II. 34. Cum. LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 297.
2. A festival kept with bonfires, &c. ; observed on May i,
June 21, or St. Peter's day.
w.Sc. The custom still remains amongst the herds and young
people to kindle fires in the high grounds, in honour of Beltan. . . .
It is now kept on St. Peter's day, London Statist. Ace. (1792) III.
IO5 vjAM.). Ir. Celebrated on the 2ist June. There, as they
make fires on the tops of hills, every member of the family is
made to pass through the fire ; as they reckon this ceremony
necessary to ensure good fortune through the succeeding year
(JAM.). Cum. Till of late years the superstition of the Beltain was
kept up, and in this rude sacrifice it was customary for the per-
formers to bring with them boughs of the mountain ash, PENNANT
Tours (1774). Cor.3 It is common to call Midsummer fires, esp.
those on St. John's eve, bel-fires or beltain-fires.
3. Comp. Beltane-ree, a period of stormy weather which
usually occurs about Whitsuntide. S. & Ork.1
[The Celtic name of the festival which celebrated the
beginning of summer. Gael, bealltuinn, Ir. bealteine, Olr.
beltene (MAC BAIN).]
BELTER, sb. Sc. Yks. Lan. Stf. Lei. Shr. [be'ltar,
be-lt3(r).]
1. A heavy blow ; a shower of blows.
Ayr. I'll . . . gie them a belter wi' stanes till I hae na left the
souls in their bodies, GALT Entail (1823) liii. Lan. Hoo then fot me
another belter reet across th' een, STATON Loominary (c. 1861) 60.
2. Anything very large of its kind. Cf. banger.
n.Yks. (I.W.), Stf.1 Lei.1 A ' whopper.' Shr.1 ' My 66ns, whad
a belter ! ' said a gardener, on digging up an immense potato.
BELTER-WERRITS, sb. Lin. A teasing child.
nXin.1 Oh deary me what a belter-werrits thoo art, bairn !
BELTIE, sb. Sc. A water-hen.
Frf. A weasel had gripped a water-hen (whitrit and beltie they
are called in these parts), BARRIE Licht (1888) 6. Rxb. (W.G.)
BELTING, vbl. sb. Yks. Chs. Stf. Not. Lei. Nhp. War.
Hrf. Also I.W. [be'ltin.] A thrashing, beating. See
Belt, v.1
e.Yks. NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889"! ; e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.)
Chs.1 If tha' throws at th' 'ens, aw'll gie thee a good belting.
s.Chs.1 Stf.2 Oi gen my lad a foine beltin last net. Not.1 Lei.1
A 'strapping,' 'hiding,' or 'leathering.' Nhp.1 He got a good
belting. War.23 Hrf.2 Chastisement by using a belt for the
purpose. I.W.2 I'll gi' ye a middlen belten predney [presently].
BELVE, v.1 I.W. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also in form
belvy w.Som.1 nw.Dev.1 [belv.] To roar, bellow. Used
both of persons and of cattle. Cf. bell, belder, bellock.
I.W.2 Dor. N. VQ. (1883) 6th S. vii. 366. Som. W. & J. Gl.
(1873^. w.Som.1 Dlvoal Jiip-see doan taek u beet u noa'tees oa ur
kyaav ; ur aan u buul'vud nuudhur wauns [the old Gypsy does
not take any notice of (the loss of) her calf; she has not once
bellowed]. Dev.3 Whot art a-belvin' vor now than ? I thort
twuz a gert caave. n.Dev. O, es shall belve vrom hour ta hour,
ROCK Jim an" Nell (1867) St. 91. nw.Dev.1 s.Dev. Fox Kingsbridge
(i874\ Cor. He roared out like a bull belvin', PARR Adam and Eve
(1880) III. 177 ; Peggy beginned to belve sure nuff, T. Toivser
(1873) 140 ; Cor.1 Belving like a bull ; Cor.2 Belvin like Tregagle ;
Cor.3
Hence Belving, (i) vbl. sb., (2) ppl. adj. shouting, bel-
lowing.
(i) Dev.1 No helving or hooting, nor did her make a preachment
to the neighbours, 40. (2) w.Cor. A helving cow soonest forgets
its calf, Prov. (M.A.C.)
BELVE, v.2 and sb. Cum. Wm. Lan. [belv.]
1. v. To drink greedily.
Cum. LINTON Lake Cy. (1864)297. Wm.1 n.Lan. Hi sits belvsn
on drinkan hof a' t'dc (W.S.). ne.Lan.1
2. sb. A gulp, draught.
Wm.1 He's taen et at ya belve.
BELVER, v. Nhp. War. Glo. Bdf. Sus. [be-lva(r).]
1. To belch. Glo.1
2. To roar, bluster, cry loudly. Cf. belve.
Bdf. (J.W.B.) Sus. ' Ye idle rip,' he belver'd out, LOWER Jan
Cladpole (1872) st. 7 ; He wur mortacious mad, an belvered :
' Doant ya pick upan a feller !' JACKSON Southward Ho (1894)
I 289. m.Sus. He called me over and belvered about house
(W.D.P.). Sus.1
Hence Belvering, ppl. adj. noisy, blustering.
Nhp.1 A great belvering fellow. War.3
BEMANGIT,#>. Sc. Injured.
Ags., Frf. The carle was sair bemangit, SCOTT Minst. (ed. 1806)
Water Kelpie ; A word much used in Angus, ib. Gl.
[Be- + mang (vb.), q.v.]
BEMAUL, v. Lin. [bimo-1.] To maul; to bruise or
soil by fighting or rough play.
Lin. (J.C.W.), n-Lin.1
BEMAZE, v. Lin. Sur. [bime'z.] To astonish,
bewilder, daze.
n-Lin.1 I was real bemaased when I seed him ; I thoht he was in
'Merica. The thunner an' lightnin' bemaased me. Sur. Her own
daughter ... is ... so pressed at the school, so mithered and
bemazed, that she has been took away, N. & Q. (1890) 7th S. x. 285.
[And lefte us lyinge . . . Al bemased in a soune, Chester
Plays (c. 1430) IL 93 (STRATMANN).]
BEMEAN
[240]
BEN
BEMEAN, i;.1 Sc. Yks. Som. [bimrn, bime-n.] With
refl. pron. : to stoop, to degrade oneself, to lose caste.
Gall. They werena gaun to bemean themsel's to sen' ye nae
word, CROCKETT Stickit Mm. (1893) 250. e.Yks. Deean't gan an
bemeean thi-sen bi gannin wiv hor, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 92 ;
e.Yks.1 Som.1 Aay kaa'n dhingk aewuvur uur keod beemai'n
urzuul" vur tae'u jish fuul-ur-z ee' [I cannot think how she could
have stooped to have such a fellow as he].
[I renounce my gentility, and lessen and bemean
myself to the lowness of the offender, JARVIS Don
Quixote (1742) II. in. xx (DAY.). Be- + mean, adj.]
BEMEAN, v.z Lan. With refl. pron. : to bemoan.
ne.Lan.1 T'cow bemeans itself.
[Ghe (she) bi-mente hire to abraham, Gen. &> Ex.
(c. 1250) 1217. OE. bemanan, to bemoan, lament.]
BEMOIL, v. Stf. Lin. Wor. Also written bemwile
se.Wor.1 ; bemoyle (K.). Of persons : to be made dirty
by work, daubed with mud.
Stf.1 2 n.Lin.1 He was bemoil'd all oher wi' cleanin' oot Smith
warpin' drean. se.Wor.1 [(K.)]
[Thou shouldst have heard in how miry a place, how she
was bemoiled, SHAKS. T. Shrew, iv. i. 77. Be- + moil(vb.),
q.v.]
BEMUCH, v. Lin. [bimu'tj.] To grudge.
sw.Lin.1 I did not bemuch the trouble at all.
[Prop, to make ' much ' of. Be- + much, adj.]
BEMUCKED,//>. Obs. Cum. Soiled, made dirty.
Cum. LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 297; (W.K.)
[Be- + mucked, pp. of muck (vb.), q.v.]
BEMUSED, pp. Sc. Dev. Slang. Also written be-
muzzed Dev. Dazed, stupefied with drink, astonishment,
anger, &c.
Sc. His senses so bemused in the intensity of calculation, SCOTT
Nigel (1822) v. Dev. He was unconscious of his actions, so
blinded and bemuzzed was he with anger, disappointment, and
shame, BARING-GOULD Spider (1887) xxiii. Slang. Did I preach
thus, sir, should I not appear Just like the parson, much bemused
with beer ? HOOD Ode to Buckingham ; Getting bemused on Saint
Monday, Story of Lan. Thief, 12; He was in the so-called 'bemuzzed'
state, LEVER D. Dunn, Ixix.
[A parson much be-mus'd in beer, POPE Prol. Sat.
(1735) 15. Be- + mused; cp. TENNYSON Will Waterproof:
The guest Half-mused or reeling ripe.]
BEN, adv., prep, and sb.1 Sc. Nhb. Cum. Lan. [ben.]
1. adv. In, inside ; within ; esp. in or into the parlour.
Sc. At open doors dogs gae ben. It is ill bringing butt what's
no ben, RAMSAY Prov. (1737) ; An', Tibby, bring him ben some
meat, BEATTIES Parings (1801) 6 ; Here is the young lady wantin'
to speir gin you'll come ben, ROY Horseman (1895) xx. Sh.I.
Dey mebbe never ken 'At lasses but, far mair as ben, Hae pooer
immense, BURGESS Rasmie (1891) 59. ne.Sc. I ordered Nelly to
bid him enter an' step ben, GRANT Keckleton, 14. Abd. An' sail
this sleeth come farrer ben, FORBES Ajax (1742) 6 ; Mrs.
Birse bounced away ben, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) viii.
Per. Death leuket ben wi' a grim angry leuk, NICOLL Poems (1837)
104, ed. 1843. Ayr. With kindly welcome Jenny brings him ben,
BURNS Cotter's Sat. Night (1787) 8; As I cam by Crochallan, I
cannily keekit ben, ib. Rattlin' roarin' Willie, st. 3. Lth. He wha
seems the furthest but, aft wins the farthest ben, BALLANTINE
Poems (1856) 58. Gall. Surely ye'll hae the mense ... to keep
your tongue far ben within your teeth, CROCKETT Moss-Hags
(1895) xviii. Nhb. We were kindly welcomed ben, ARMSTRONG
Wanny Blossoms (1876) 5. Cum. There's Nabob Jock comes
strutting ben, GILPIN Sngs. (1866) 75. Lan. So ope the door and
let me ben, HARLAND Lyrics (1866) 128. [Lie butt, lie ben, Lie
among the dead men, Globe (Apr. 21, 1890) Nominies.~\
Hence (i) Benner, adj. compar. of ben, inner ; (2) Ben-
most, Bennermost, adj. superl. of ben, inmost, innermost ;
(3) Benward, adv. inward, forward.
(i) Bch. And ripe wi' candle light their benner pauntries, Poems
(!785) 33 (JAM.). (2) Abd. Frae my bosom's benmost core . . .
a thousand thanks, STILL Cottar's Sunday (1845) 140 ; The benner-
maist end o' my pantry, SHIRREFS Poems (1790) 317. Frf. E'en
frae the benmost bores o' hell, BEATTIE Arnha' (c. 1820) 57, ed.
1882. Ayr. The benmost neuk beside the ingle, BURNS Address
of Beelzebub, 1. 56. Lnk. Gars our benmost heart-strings grud,
MACDONALD Poems (1865) 15. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.)
(3) Abd. Like a madman frantic leapin' Benward on his mlther's
floor, STILL Cottar's Sunday (.1845) 42.
2. In phr. to be or to win far ben, (i) to be, become
intimate or on good terms with ; (2) to be forward, to the
fore, conspicuous.
(i) Dmb. I'm sure he could win far enuch ben himself if he cam'
in the coorting way, CROSS Disruption (1844) xiii. Ayr. He was
farther ben among the great than ony other body we met wi' in
London, GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822) xcviii. Lnk. And should as
ane may think come farer ben, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725) 20.
e.Ltli. He was sune as faur ben wi' the laird as wi' a' body else,
HUNTER J. Inwick (1895) 33. (a) Sc. He is an innocent, sir. . . .
There is one such in almost every town in the country, but ours is
brought far ben, SCOTT Waverley (1814) ix ; I have fought once
more in this old quarrel, though ... I could not be so far ben as
you lads, ib. xlviii. Ayr. A daft body that was aye far ben on all
public occasions, GALT Provost (1822) xix.
3. In comp. (i)Ben-by, into the parlour ; (2) -end, the best
room in a house ; hence fig. the best part of anything ;
(3) -house, the inner or principal room ; (4) -inno, within
or beyond ; (5) -room, see Ben-end.
(i) n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.) (2) Sc. Here's the minister,
mem. I hae put him i' the ben end, SWAN Aldersyde (ed. 1892)
137. n.Sc. The ben-end of one's dinner (JAM.). ne.Sc. The fire,
which had been kindled in the ben end, GRANT Keckleton, 48.
Lth. There was no sound in the ben-end but the click of the
mistress's knitting-needles, SWAN Carlouirie ( 1895) i. (3) Sc. (JAM.)
(4) Sc. ' Come ben-inno ' is said to a person when he is invited to
pass through a circle of people sitting round the fire, and to seat
himself in a snug corner, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) (5) Sh.I.
[She] swabs da ben-room oot, BURGESS Rasmie (1891) 52. Gall.
Within the shadowed ben-room an oddly-assorted pair had been
sitting, CROCKETT Sunbonnet (1895) V1'-
4. prep. In, within ; in phr. ben the house, in the parlour,
the best or inner part of the house.
Sc. We maun see what's to be dune wi' the handfu' ben the
hoose, SWAN Eden (ed. 1895) ii. e.Sc. She rose and went ' ben '
the house, SETOUN Sunshine (1895) 193. Abd. Some elder fowks
. . . Ye'ed to the pantry ben the house, SHIRREFS Poems (1790)
215 ; Laddy, yer wrang, gae ben-a-house. BEATTIES Parings (1801)
6, ed. 1873. Fif. Hundreds of weavers lived and died Thoreaus
' ben the hoose ' without knowing it, BARRIE Licht (1893) 9. Per.
He's sittin' ben the hoose, IAN MACLAREN Auld Lang Syne (1895)
123. Fif. The remains lay ' ben the hoose,' and the religious
ceremony was performed in the kitchen, ROBERTSON Provost (1894)
35. Edb. I took him ben the hoose with me down to the work-
shop, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) xix. Kcb. Daddie's lyin' ben the
hoose wi' seaweed in his hair, ARMSTRONG Ingleside (1890) 37.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
5. sb. An inner room.
Sc. A tolerable hut is divided into three parts : a butt, which is
the kitchen ; a benn, an inner room ; and a byar, where the cattle
are housed, CARR Caled. Sketches (1807) 405 (JAM.); He turned,
for a moment's space, to reconnoitre the ben, or parlour end of
the house, SCOTT BrideofLam. (1819) xii ; A door leading into the
ben, ib. Abbot (1820) xxviii ; A cosy but, an' a canty ben, RAMSAY
Remin. (1859) 6o> ed- 1872 ; Wha keepit The schule for the
weans in the ben o' her ha', ALLAN Lilts (1874) 432. S. & Ork.1
MS. add. Fif. The house consisted only of a but and a ben,
MACDONALD Alec Forbes (1876) 124. Per. The ben, where none
but honoured visitors had entrance, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush
(1895) 193.
[1. And furius flamb . . . Spreding fra thak to thak,
baith but and ben, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, n.
217 ; Hyr cors thai tuk wp and bare ben, WYNTOUN
Cron. (c. 1425) vn. x. 39 (JAM.). 4. Ye bad the father and
mother go ben the house a whylle, LAW Mem. (1684) 60
QAM.). OE. bionna, within (Rushw. John xx. 26), ONhb.
binna (Lind.), WS. binnan.]
BEN, sb.2 Sc. Irel. [ben.] A hill, a mountain.
Rxb. Or sklent the hills is cut for roads a ben, A. SCOTT Poems
(1808) 116, ed. 2 ; Sweet was the red, blooming heather, And the
river that flow'd from the Ben, Jacob. Rel. (1819) II. 421, ed. 1874.
Ir. You become aware of faint finely-limned shapes . . . looming up
on its borders. . . . They are big bens, BARLOW Idylls (1892) 2.
[Gael, and Ir. beann, a peak ; Olr. benn.]
BEN, sb.a Dev. [ben.]
1. The truth. Dev.*
2. In phr. to the true ben, soundly, to the purpose.
n.Dev. Chell tack et out wi' tha to tha true ben fath, Exm.
Scold. (1746) 1. 19; GROSE (1790); I leathered Giles to tha true ben,
BEN
[241]
BEND
ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) 120. Dev.1 I'd larrup en to the true
ben, 15.
[2. Ben, prob. repr. bend, sb., in the sense of force,
energy, esp. the force with which a bow bent tends to
spring back ; cp. Shakspeare's ' to the top of my bent,'
Ham. in. ii. 401, where the phrase means ' to the utmost
degree of tension.']
BEN, si.4 e.An. [ben.] A harvest-doll, or figure set
on the top of the last load of corn in harvest.
e.An.1 Nrf. The ' last ' or ' horkey load ' (as it is here called) is
decorated with flags and streamers, and sometimes a sort of ' Kern
baby ' is placed on the top at front of the load. This is commonly
called a ' ben,' HONE Every-day Bk. ( 1826) II. 1166 ; Nrf.1
BEN, sb.s w.Som.1 [ben.] That part of the frame of
a carding-engine that serves to carry the various rollers
parallel to the main drum or cylinder.
[Prob. repr. bend, sb., as the shape is semicircular.]
BEN, sb.e w.Sc. [ben.] Coal-mining term : the turn
or supply of empty tubs.
w.Sc. When a boy under fourteen years of age enters the mine
he is entitled to a half-turn or ben ; between fourteen and sixteen
he has a three-quarter turn ; at and over sixteen he has a full or
man's turn, Gl. Lab. (1894).
[Prob. the same as bend, sb., der. of bend, vb., to turn,
deflect.]
BEN, sb.7 Obs. ? Sc. A small species of salmon.
Dmf. From Jan. till Apr. was the principal run of that species
of salmon called Bens, which seem to have been exterminated by
the improved mode of fishing at Newbie, GRAHAM Fisherman's
Lett. (1804) 8; Gen. from seven to ten pounds in weight and
viewed as a different species. This is the first kind that appears
in the Solway Firth, gen. about the end of March (JAM.),
BENANE,_/r«/. Lin. e.An. Also written benean
n.Lin.1 [bine'n, Lin. binia'n.] Beneath.
n.Lin. Will yC tek what graws aboon grund, or what graws
benean grund? PEACOCK Tales and Rhymes (1886) 68. e.An.12
Suf. The cat is benane the table (F.H.).
[Be- + nean, see Anean. Benean repr. ME. binefien, Gen.
& Ex. (c. 1250) 4001.]
BENBITER, sb. Sh.I. Also written baenabider S.
& Ork.1
1. A dog. Cf. beainer.
Sh.I. Benbiter, I am inclined to think, is only used for a dog
which has the bad habit of slyly biting at the heels of strangers
(K.I.). S. & Ork.1
2. Fig. A deceitful person, a backbiter.
Sh.1. (K.I.)
[Prop, a leg-biter. Of Norse origin. Cp. Dan. been, a leg,
bone ; bide, to bite.]
BENCH, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. [benf.]
1. A layer of stone, clay, or turf. Cf. bank, benk.
Chs. A'wl tay th' top bench first, and th' bottom bench when
the weather's drier (E.M.G.). Nhp.1 A quarry term for the shelf
of a rock running to a main joint In Morton, Post is synony-
mous ; Nhp.2
2. A slice down a haystack. Chs.1
3. A plate-rack.
Abd. (JAM.) nw.Abd. That timmer cup sitting i' the bench,
Goodwife (1867) 35.
4. In comp. (i) Bench-floor, the sixth parting or ' laming,'
in the body of the coal in the mines at Wednesbury ; (2)
•gate, the space between two joiners' benches ; (3) -hook,
a piece of wood fitted on to a carpenter's bench to steady
the blocks which are sawn.
i) Stf. (K.), Stf.1 (2, 3) w.Yks. (S.K.C.)
[1. One bench or layer (of coal) being cut before the ad-
jacent one, RAYMOND Mining Gl. (1881).]
BENCHING, vbl. sb. Chs.1 [be'nfin.] Salt-mining
term ; the process of getting the bed of rock salt down to
the ' sole ' of the mine after the roofing drift has been made.
BENCRAKE, sb. Dev. The corn-crake. See Bean-
crake.
n.Dev. Handbk. (1877) 258, ed. 4. Dev.3 Sometimes also
called the corn-crow. Obsol.
BEND, sb> Sc. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Chs. Also in form
ben Wm.1 w.Yks.2 Strong ox-leather used for the
soles of boots and shoes ; half a tanned hide cut down
VOL. i.
the middle with the thin edges trimmed off. Also in
comp. Bend-leather.
Sc. There stands a tree at our house-end, It's a' clad owre wi'
leather bend, CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes (1870) 108 ; The meat
often as teugh as bend leather, WHITEHEAD Daft Davie! 1876) 198.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.i, Wm.', w.Yks.12 Chs.i Bend of leather. [Fit to
make ben-leather for the soles of shoes, LISLE Husbandly (1757) ;
(K.)]
Hence Bendy-leather, sb.fig. A boy's name for ice in
a half-thawed condition, yet elastic and capable of bearing
a weight.
Nhb.1 Children [repeat] the following doggerel couplet, ' Bendy-
leather's good to beer, Tyek a heart an' niwer fear.' w.Yks.2
Whilst the boys are sliding they say, ' Bend leather, bend leather,
puff, puff, puff.'
[You are to send to Wood of the Worldes end £ who is
to pay you ten pounde in ben leather, SAVILE Letter (1643)
in Gatty's Hunter's Hallamshire (1869) 138.]
BEND, sb* Sh.I. Lei. Won [bend.]
1. A piece of bent plate-iron which goes over the back of
the last horse at plough : also in pi., the accoutrements
ft
of a horse.
Sh.I. (W.A.G.) S. & Ork.1 The complete furniture of a peat-
horse. Lei1 Obs.
2. In comp. Bend-traces, part of the harness of a plough-
horse. Lei.1
3. The curved iron that goes over the pad in a driller's
gear.
s.Wor. PORSON Quatnt Wds. (1883).
BEND, sb.3 Yks. [Not known to our correspondents.]
A flock, a company.
w.Yks. A bend o' black swans, LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882 N
234-
[The same as Band, sb.3}
BEND, sb.* n.Cy. Wm. Yks.
1. Obs. ? A handkerchief, head or neck covering worn by
women.
Wm. (K.) w.Yks. WATSON Hist. Hlfx. (1775) 533; w.Yks."
2. The border of a woman's cap.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790).
[Priest . . . With bendis baith and haly laurer crowne,
DOUGLAS Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, n. 123. The same as
Band, sb?}
BEND, v.1 and si.5 Sc. [bend.]
1. v. To spring, to bound.
Sc. (JAM.)
Hence Bendit, ppl. adj. ready to spring, crouching.
Sc, What are ye sitting glourin like a bendit wullcat for ? HOGG
Brownie of Bodsbeck, i.
2. sb. A bound, a leap.
Abd. Cam' on him wi' a bend, SKINNER Poems (1809) 4.
[Befoir thaim all furth bowtis (bolts) with a bend Nisus
a far way, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, n. 242.]
BEND, v.z Sc. [bend..] To drink, esp. to drink hard
or greedily.
Sc. Ye wha like to bend the bicker, William Wiggle (1808; 3 ;
Bend weel to the Madeira at dinner, RAMSAY Remin. (1859) 34.
Lnk. We with greed Bended as fast as she could brew, RAMSAY
Poems (1727) I. 215, ed. 1800. Lth. The bicker roun', then quick
let's send it, ... An* to his memory, fegs ! we'll bend it, BRUCE
Poems (1813) 109.
Hence (i) Bend, sb. a draught of liquor; (2) Bender,
sb. a drinker.
Lnk. (i) We'll nae mair o't ; come gi's the other bend, RAMSAY
Poems (1727) II. n6,ed. 1800. (2) Now lend your lugs, ye benders
fine Wha ken the benefit of wine, ib. 520.
BEND, v.3 S. & Ork.1 To fasten on a horse the ap-
paratus necessary for carrying panniers.
BEND, v." Nhb. Dur. In phr. (i) Bend away, signal
given in coal mining to intimate that the cage is to be
brought to bank ; (2) — off, lift [the cage] gently ; (3)
- ttp, raise slowly ; (4) — up fairly, raise slowly and
carefully.
(i) Nhb. Calling out for the engineman to bend away, RICHARD-
SON BordereSs Table-bk. (1846) V. 38; Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. GREEN-
WELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849). (2) Nhb.1 (3) N.Cy.1 Bend up the
crab. Nhb., Dur. A call made by a person working in the shaft
I i
BEND
[242]
BENK
to the waiter-on or banksman, and repeated by him to the brakes-
man, GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849). Nhb.1' Bend-up,' or' Bend-
up a bit ! ' an order given by the person in charge to raise the cage
slowly, so that it may be instantly stopped on the order ' Hold ! '
being given, GREENWELL. (4) Nhb., Dur. GREENWELL Coal Tr.
Gl. (1849).
BEND, adv. Obs. ? Abd. Bravely.
Abd. There was nane in a' the battle That bruilyeit bend aneugh,
SKINNER Xmas Bding (1809) (JAM.).
[Perh. a pron. of bended (bent), determined, resolved.
See JAM (s.v. Bendit up) , where we are told that bendit up is
in various places the reading of Pitscottie (1814), whereas
baldened up occurs in Pitscottie (1728).]
BENDARD, sb. N.I.1 [be'ndad.] The bent stick or
bow in the frame of a boy's kite.
BENDER, si1 Ken. [be'nda(r).] A bow, in phr
bender and arrs, a bow and arrows.
Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1
[Bend, vb. + -er.]
BENDER, si.2 Dev. Cor. Also written benderd.
[be-nda(r).]
1. Anything very large or good of its kind.
Dev. Ma vice [fist] es wat i kal a bendur, DANIEL Bride of Sao
(1842) 190 ; Caught a rat in the trap last night — a proper benderd,
Reports Provinc. (1889). nw.Dev.1 A proper bender, an' no mistake !
Cor. ' I've seed a pig,' said Hugh, ' a rail bender,' TREGELLAS
Tales (1860) 44 ; Cor.1 ; Cor.2 What a bender !
2. A great lie. Cf. banger.
Cor. That's a bender, Dick, wan of thy awn maakin, T. Towser,
18 ; Cor.2 That's a bender.
BENDING-IN, vbl. sb. Sus. [be'ndin-in.] A custom
observed at Brighton at the beginning of the mackerel-
fishing, when a meal of bread and cheese is provided by
the fishermen on the beach for all who choose to ask for it.
Sus. SAWYER Fit-Lore (1883) 23 ; N. & Q. ( 1880) 6th S. i. 434.
BENDLE, sb. Not. (J.P.K.) [be'ndl.] The iron ring
which attaches the blade of a scythe to its shaft.
BENDOCK, sb. Ken. The plant Oenanthe crocata.
[Prop. repr. bane-dock, the plant being so named from
its poisonous qualities. Bane (sb.), q.v. + dock.]
BENDS, sb. pi. Som. [benz.] The ridges in land
which has been thrown up into ' ridge and furrow.'
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1
BENDWARE, sb. Stf.1 Hardware.
BENE, sb. Obs. ? ne.Lan.1 A prayer, petition.
[' What is good for a bootless bene?' . . . Their meaning
is. whence can comfort spring When Prayer is of no avail?
WORDSWORTH Bolton Abbey (1808) ; pet tu, ;if hi wille is,
iher mine bene, Orison of our Lady (c. 1210) 84, in Horn.
ed. Morris, 1868, 195. OE. pin ben ys gehyred, Corpus G.
(c. 1000).]
BENE(S, sb. n.Cy. Yks. Lan. Also written benniefs
w.Yks. [be-ni(s.] In phr. to clap bene(s, to clap the hands
as an expression of thanks or of pleasure ; alsoyzg-. Used
only in children's language.
N.Cy.i w.Yks. WATSON Hist. Hlfx. (1775) 533 ; Hlfx. Wds. ;
In Wilsden, when the drummer in a brass band beats the cymbals
together, he is said to be ' clappin' bennies,' this expression,
however, only being used to children ; and because one particular
person generally did this work he is sometimes nicknamed ' Clap
bennies!' (S.N.); (J.T.) ; w.Yks.3; w.Yks.5 An infant at the
suggestion of its mother ' claps bene ' for joy at the sight of
a dainty. Children are also taught to 'clap beng' before par-
taking of food: an infant 'claps beng' when 'daddy' comes
home from work. nXan.1 Nurses say to children—' Clap bene's
for daddy to cum, An' bring lile babby a ceak an' a bun.'
[A shortened form of benison, a blessing, benediction ;
in ME. used in the sense of Grace before meat. Bord leyd,
And the beneysun was seyd, Havelok (c. 1300) 1723.]
BENEAPED,^. Yks. Som. Naut. Of a vessel: stranded,
left aground by the neap tide.
n.Yks.2 s.Cy. HOLLOWAY. Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. iv.Eng.
(1825% [Neap tides are the lowest tides which occur at the time
of new moon. To be beneaped is to be unable to get away from
a port or wharf at such a time, the water even at high tide being
insufficient to allow the vessel to leave, Gl. Lab. (1894).]
[The word is found in BAILEY (1721), PHILLIPS (1706).]
BENEATH, v. Stf. Pern. [bimtJ.] To condescend, to
lower oneself.
s.Stf. As if I'd beneath myself by spakin to him, PINNOCK Blk.
Cy. Ann. (1895). s.Pem. I would'n beneath mysil to talk to her.
Nevar beneath iwarsilf to mix up with that lot W.M.M.X
BENEFICIAL, adj. Irel. Advantageous, useful.
Ir. A knowledge of arithmetic would be beneficial to you
(J.M.ff.). Ant. t^W.H.P.) Dwn. A coat which I found very
beneficial in the cold weather. So-and-so has rented a garden,
which he finds very beneficial T.P.W.).
BENEFIT, sb. Sc. n.Cy. w.Yks. Der. Lin. Nhp. Wor.
Hrf.
1. A church living, a benefice.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). Der.1 s.Wor. PORSON Quaint Wds. ( 1875)
12. Hrf.2
2. A reward ; used ironically for trouble, punishment.
n.Lin.1 I'll give thy bairn a benefit next time he puts his foot in
my gardin. Nhp.1 I'll give 'em a benefit. Hrf.2 I had a pretty
benefit in getting them cattle whum.
3. Wages paid in kind.
Gall. Cottagers are partly paid by what is termed a benefit.
This consists of a house, garden, and fuel ; as much corn, meal,
and potatoes as are thought necessary for the maintenance of
their families ; and sometimes maintenance for a cow or a pig, Agr.
Surv. 30 (JAM.).
4. In phr. out of benefits, temporarily debarred from
sharing in the benefits oif a Friendly Society through non-
payment of subscription.
w.Yks. (S.K.C.)
[1. Whether he doth bestow yearly the fift part of his
benefit (' benefice ' in Cardwell's Annals, I. 131) til such
time the same be repaired, BONER Articles (1554) in Strype's
Eccles. Mem. ed. 1822, III. ii. 222.]
BENERTH, sb. Obs. Ken.1 Service which a tenant
owed by plough and cart.
BENEW, adv. Sc. Beneath. Cf. anew.
Abd. A pair of grey hoggers well clinked benew, Ross Pickle
Tow (1768;.
BENGE, v. Som. [bendg.]
1. To drink to excess. Cf. bange, v.
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873).
2. To lounge lazily. Cf. bainge, v.
Som. (W.F.R.)
[The same as Bainge, v., and Bange, sb.1 and v.]
BENGY, adj. Ess. Cloudy, overcast. See Bange.
Ess. Gl. (1851) ; Ess.1
BENIMMED, pp. n.Yks.2 [bini-md.] Taken hastily
upon the sly.
[He that yaf him thilke goodnesse mighte binime it him,
CHAUCER Boethius, iv. iii. 22. OE. beniman.]
BENJEL, sb. n.Sc. Also written bengiel, benzel. A
heap, a considerable quantity. See Banjie.
n.Sc. A benjel of coals, when many are laid at once on the fire
JAM.). Per. A bengiel o' odds and en's. Sic a benzel o' men
(G.W.).
BEN-JOLTRAM, sb. e.An. Brown bread soaked in
skimmed milk, a ploughboy's usual breakfast.
e.An.i, Nrf.1
BENJORAM, sb. Dev.8 A liberal supply, a large
plateful of food.
BENJY, sb. Yks. Naut. Also written benjey.
[be-ndgi.] A straw hat, gen. one with a very broad
brim.
w.Yks. CUDWORTH Horton (1886); Any kind of a straw hat in
Wilsden is called 'a streea ben' or ' benjy,' Leeds Merc Suppl.
(Sept 19, 1891) ; (J.T.) ; w.Yks.s [Benjie. the name of a straw
hat worn by sailors, CLARK RUSSELL Sailors' Lang. (1883) 14
FARMER).]
BENK, 56. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. I.Ma.
Stf. Lin. Nhp. Also written bink Sc. Nhb.1 Dur.1 Wm.1
n.Yks.123 ne.Yks.1 e.Yks.1 m.Yks.1 w.Yks.5 I.Ma. n.Lin.1
Nhp.1 [benk, birjk.]
1. A bench of any kind, esp. one made of stone. See
Bank, sb.2 ; Bench, sb.
Sc. For fault of wise men, fools sit on binks, RAY Prov. (1678)
367 ; Ha' binks are sliddery, RAMSAY Prov. 1,1737 j ; A seat at the
kitchen fire of country or farm houses, formed by apart of the wall
BENKLE
[243!
BENSIL
projecting beyond the rest, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.'< ; DAL-
RYMPLE Gl. (c. 1800); He was seated on the bink in a half lounging
posture, OCHILTREE Redburn (1895^ iii. Abd.To sit upo' the best
bink o' the house, FORBES Jrn. (,1742) 13: He sits him down
upo' the bink, BEATTIES Parings (1801) 24, ed. 1873. N.Cy.'
A seat of stones, wood, or sods. Nbb.1, Dur.1, Cum.1, Wm.1
n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 The summer binks, a benched alcove in a garden.
T'lang bink, the ' long settle.' Upon the stone binks beneath the
cottage window the fresh-scoured milk-pails are exposed to dry
and sweeten. An aud yak [oak] bink ; n.Yks.3, ne.Yks.1 e.Yks.
RAY(i69i); Common at the doors of cottages : gen. made of stones,
or of earth planted on the top with chamomile, MARSHALL Rin:
Emu. (1788); Sit tha doon on bink, mah lad, NICHOLSON Flk-
Sp. (1889) 53 ; e.Yks.1 w.Yks. LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale c. 1880) ;
w.Yks.1 He then steud claas to th' staan benk, ii. 294 ; w.Yks.2 ;
w.Yks.3 People were accustomed to sit on the benk i' the
summer-time ; w.Yks.5 Clap thuh darn o' that bink. Schoil-binks
e.Lan.1 I.Ma. He found his mother sitting on the bink by the
door knitting quietly, CAINE Manxman (1894) pt. i. iv. n.Lin.
SUTTON Wds. (1881) ; nXin.1, Nhp.i
2. A vault in a mine ; a section of a pit allotted to several
colliers. See Bank, sb.1
w.Yks.2, Stf.i [(K.)]
[1. The benk, ybeildit of the grene holyne, DOUGLAS
Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, in. 162; I schalf buske to be
benke Wher baneres are bright, York Plays (c. 1400) 227.]
BENKLE, sb. and v. Sh.I.
1. sb. A dimple.
Sh.I. (J.J.) S. & Ork.1
2. v. To dent, to dimple. S. & Ork.1
Hence Benkled, ppl. adj. of a tin can : dented.
Sh.I. Pur, peerie [little], benkled tinnie, BURGESS Rasmie
(1891) 25.
BENN, sb. Som. Dev. A ridge of grass land. See
Bends.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). Dev. Three fifths of the moor black
benn, always moist, YOUNG Annals Agric. (1784-1815) XVII. 565.
BENNEL, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. [be'nl.]
1. A long, reedy grass, Arundo phragmitis, growing in
stagnant rivers or burns.
Sc. The various kinds of reed- grass and reeds which are used
for making mats (JAM.). Nhb.1 Green as a bennel. Bennels were
layers of this reed woven together and stretched below the rafters
of cottages to serve as a ceiling.
2. Dry withered weeds collected for fuel. s.Sc. (JAM.)
3. The withered stalk of fennel.
N.I.1 Uls. As fresh as a bennel, HUME People Dam. Ant.
(1874) 26.
BENNER-GOWAN, sb. Sc. The mountain daisy.
Dmf. ./V. & Q. (1871) 4th S. viii. 143.
BENNERT, see Banewort.
BENNET, sb.1 and v. Nhp. War. Shr. Glo. Oxf. Brks.
Hmp. Wil. Dor. Som. Also written bennut Oxf.1 ; benet,
bennett"Som.; bonnet w.Som.1 [be'nat, w.Som. bo-nat]
1. sb. Long coarse grass or rushes. See Bent.
(i) Wil. The first bennet pushes up its green staff, JEFFERIES
Gamekeeper (1878) 306 ; BRITTON Beauties ^ 1825) ; He had a mouth
that was generally open if he were neither eating nor sucking a
'bennet,' EWING Jan Windmill (1876) iv ; WH.1 Som. JENNINGS
Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825); W. & J. Gl. (.1873) ; SWEETMAN Win-
canton Gl. (1885) ; To catch the feet of unwary swains by tying
bennets across the path, RAYMOND Sam and Sabina (1894) 99.
w.Som.1 The long grass which always appears in pasture fields
when not mown for hay. The cattle do not eat it unless it is
mown. There idn nort a wo'th cuttin, 'tis on'y a passle o'
bonnet.
2. The dry seed stalk of various grasses.
Nhp.1 Glo. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) ; Glo.2 Oxf.1 MS. add.
Brks.1, Hmp. (J.R.W.), Hmp.1 Wil. If but a bennet touched
the calf of his leg after nightfall, fancy made it appear like the
clutch of the wretch, AKERMAN Tales (1853) 21 ; Bennets
which the cattle leave standing to die after the seeds have fallen,
JEFFERIES Wild Life (1879) 250; SLOW Gl. (1892); Wil.1 Dor.
Like shivren bennets, beave to all The dreven winds, BARNES
Poems ^ed. 1879) 94; Dor.1 Among the bennits dry an' brown,
146. Som. JENNINGS Dial. iv.Eng. (1869). w.Som.1
Hence Bennety, adj. Of a field : abounding in bennets,
covered with long grass.
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825,; W. & J. Gl. ^1873).
w.Som.1 Dhik'ee vee'ul-z tuur-ubl bau-nutee [that field is very
much covered with long grass, or bents].
3. Comp. (i) Bennet-basket, a toy basket made of grass
stalks ; (a) -weed, Alopecurus agrestis, the slender fox-tail
grass ; (3) Bonnet-strings, long coarse grass.
(i) Brks.1 (2) Hrt. (3) w.Som.' From bonnet the transition is
very easy to bonnet-strings, which latter is really a very sugges-
tive name— quite common.
4. v. Of wood-pigeons : to feed on bennets. Hence
Bennetting, vbl. sb.
Wil. A woodpecker flew out benneting, KENNARD Diog. Sandals
(1893) vl ! Wil.1 They have an old rhyme in Wiltshire — ' Pigeons
never know no woe Till they a-bennetting do go ' ; meaning that
pigeons at this time are compelled to feed on the seed of the bent,
the stubbles being cleared, and the crops not ripe, AKERMAN.
[Bennets, bents, spiry grass running to seed, LISLE
6s. Husb. (1757). OE. beonet (-of) found in place-names,
as Beonet-leah, Bentley (see Index to Kemble's Cod. Dipl.).
Cp. G. binse, a rush, reed.]
BENNET, sb? Shr.1 Pimpinella saxifraga, the common
Burnet-saxifrage.
BENNET, sb.3 War. [be-nat.] The peewit or bastard
plover.
War. Used at Sutton Coldfield and in the neighbourhood
(G.F.N.) ; War.2
BENON, />re/>. Obs. Sh.I. On the top of.
Sh.I. (J.J.) S. &Ork.i
BENORTH, prep. Sc. To the northward of.
Sc. Your English gaugers and supervisors, that you have sent
down benorth the Tweed, SCOTT Rob Roy (1817) iv ; The lang
loan benorth the Kirkyaird, STEVENSON Calriona (1892) xv. Ayr.
Be-north the Roman wa', BURNS Fragment, 8.
[Be-, by + north.]
BENSE, s*.1, v. and adv. Sc. [bens.J
1. sb. Any violent movement, as a blow, a spring ; also
fig. vigour, energy.
Bnff.1 He fell aff o's chair wee a great bense. He geed into the
hoose wee a bense. He hiz a bense wee's wark.
2. v. To walk, move with violence or roughness.
Bnff.1 He came bensin' ben the fleer.
Hence (i) Bensan, vbl. sb. the act of showing great
vigour in walking or working; (2) Bensin, ppl. adj.
vigorous, bouncing.
(i) Bnff.1 He hauds an aul' bensan but an' ben the trance. (2)
Bnff.1 A big bensin' bessie o' a wife.
3. adv. Violently.
Bnff.1 He came bense against the wa'.
[The same as ME. bunsen, ' tundere,' cp. Bremen bttnsen
(Wtbch.)^
BENSE, sb.2 Nhb. Cum. [bens.] A cow's stall.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Cum. LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 297.
[A word found in many LG. dials, in the sense of a barn
or spec, a place in a barn where the sheaves are heaped
up. LG. (Saxony) banse, bansen (BERGHAUS) ; Hesse
banse, bansen (VILMAR) ; Bremen banse (Wtbch.); Holstein
banse, a pile of wood for fuel (Idiotikon). The proper E.
equiv. of this word is boose.]
BENSHI, see Banshee.
BENSIL, v. and sb. Sc. All the n. counties to Lin.
Also War. Glo. Written also bensel N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Dur.1
Wm.1w.Yks.13sw.Lin.1; bencil Yks. n.Lin.1; bancel Yks.
Lan. War.2; bansil Lan.1 Chs.1 s.Chs.1; bansell Lan.1
Chs.2; bansel Chs.1 Stf.1 nw.Der.1 War.2 [be-nsil,
ba'nsl.]
1. v. To thrash, to beat soundly ; to drive away.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Dur.1 Cum.1 Aa'l bensal ta. Wm.1 Yks. RAY
(1691); GROSE (1790); I'll bensel your hide (K.). ne.Yks.1
e.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Sept. 12, 1891). w.Yks. I'll bensil
thy hide, lad, if I catch tha, CUDWORTH Worstedopolis (1888) 26 ;
I'll bensil thi jacket for tha (H.L.) ; w.Yks.1 I ... bensil'd her
purely, ii. 288; w.Yks.235 Lan.1 Aw'll bansell thi hide for thi, if
thae'rt not off. ne.Lan.1 Chs.1 Bansel his hide ; Chs.3 s.Chs.1
Ahy)l baan'sil yoa-r baak' fo;yu [I'll bansil yo'r back fo' yo]. Stf.1,
Der.2, nw.Der.1 Not. What's thee arter, bensilling Bunkus a' that
how ? N. & Q. (1865) 3rd S. vii. 212. n.Lin. SUTTON Wds. (1881) ;
n.Lin.1 I'll bensil you if iver I find you here agean. sw.Lin.1
War. I'll bansel his hide for him, 'a 'nointed young scomp (J.B.) ;
I i 2
BENSOME
[244]
BENT
He got well hanselled (W.B.T.) ; War.2 Bancel the dogs out.
Glo. NORTHALL Flk-Pllf. (1894).
Hence Bensilling, (i) vbl. sb. a thrashing, a beating ; (2)
ppl. adj. sharp, biting.
Cum., Wm. I'll gi' the' a good benslen' (J.M.). Wm. I'll giv him
a benslin mysel' wi' thi stick, BOWNESS Studies (1868) 28 ; Wm.1
Yks. [He] would give them all ... a reel good benzilling, Denham
Tracts (ed. 1892) I. lao. e.Yks. Tom gav his lad a good bencillin
for steealin taties, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 23 ; e.Yks.1 MS.
add. (T.H.) w.Yks. He gav Ben a bencilin' wi t'mule tail, TOM
TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1850) 31 ; An' then objects to
t'bencillin' at shoo gets, PRESTON Yksman. (1878) 138. Lan.
Thy gronfeyther gan me mony a good bancellin, BRIERLEY
Waverlow (1863) 77, ed. 1884. n.Lin. A good bensillin' wo'd be
biggest blessin' 'at could cum to him, PEACOCK Taales (1889) 88 ;
n.Lin.1 Dick steal hairf th' pears off yon tree, soa I gev him a good
bensillin'. (2) Gall. The flesh dried flat to the bones with the
bensilling wind off the Baltic lands, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) vii.
2. To surpass, to outdo.
Chs. I can bansel you at that (E.M.G. ).
Hence (i) Bensiler,si. anything very large; cf. banger,
bender ; (2) Bensiling, ppl. adj. of persons : rough,
awkward, overbearing.
Cum. (i) Ey min, it's abensiler(E.W.P.). (2) A greet bensilin'
body (M.P.).
3. sb. A heavy blow ; any sudden or violent motion ;
violence of storm, fire, &c.
Sc. The bensel o' a fire (JAM.). Abd. The bensil I'll bear, For
why sud I fear? SHIRREFS Poems (1790) 55. Gall. The wind
came again in sharp cold bensles, CROCKETT Haiders (1894) xxv.
Cum. A haugrell gang Com' with a bensil owre the sea, STAGG
Misc. Poems (1807) 61. ne.Yks.1 Give him a good bensil.
4. Fig. A severe rebuke.
Sc. I got a terrible bensell (JAM.).
5. A place exposed to the violence of the storm.
Frf. The bensill o' the brae (JAM.).
[1. Bensil (a low and local word), to beat, to bang, ASH
(1795). 2. Ourweltit wyth the bensell of the ayris (oars),
DOUGLAS Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, in. 201. Cp. LG. bend-
seln, benseln, ' Mit Ruthen streichen ' (BERGHAUS) ; so
EFris. (KOOLMAN).
BENSOME, adj. Sc. Quarrelsome. See Bense, s.1
Abd. Some bann'd the bensome billies, SKINNER Poems (1809) 12.
BENSTICKLE, see Banstickle.
BENT, sb. Sc. Irel. and in gen. use in n. and midl.
counties and e.An. Also Ken. Sur. Hmp. I.W. Wil.
Som.
I. 1. Any coarse grass, esp. that found on moorlands
or near the sea. Usually in collect, sing. See Bennet, sb.1
Lnk. Rinnin'abootamang the bent and heather, FRASER Whaups
(1895) i. Lth. Till laid we are beneath the bent, My faithfu' Will
an' me, BRUCE Poems (1813) 138. Slk. Bare as broon bent in
summer-drought, CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) III. 201. N.Cy.1
Used sometimes for thatch. Nhb.1 Sand through which the long,
thick, wiry bent shoots up luxuriantly, CONSITT Life St. Cuthbert
(1887) 50. Cum. Riding through the lang green bent, GILPIN
Ballads (1874) 44. n.Yks. Ling in some places mixed with bent and
rushes, TUKE Agric. (1800) 15; n.Yks.12, ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. MAR-
SHALL Rur. Econ. (1788). w.Yks. Mossy peeats amang t'bent,
BLACKAH 50x^5(1867)38; (S.K.C.); w.Yks.1 When t'bent's snod,
hask, cranchin an slaap, ii. 285 ; w.Yks.23, Chs.13, Nrf.1, Suf.1
Som. (J.S.F.S.) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873).
2. The seed-stalks of grass, esp. when old and dry.
w.Yks. Yeller-bud builds it nest o bents and hoss-hair (W.F.).
s.Chs.1 Ahy)v bruwt yu u bent 0 sum kob ky'eynd u gres, sey iv
yoa- noa'n wot it iz [I've browt y6 a bent o' some cob keind o'
gress, sey if yo known what it is]. Der.1, Not. (L.C.M.) s.Not.
Ah mun mow the bents off with a scythe (J.P.K.). Not.12, n.Lin.1,
swXin.1 Rut.1 There was nothing staunch where I stood on'y
bents. Lei. (C.E.) ; Lei.1 Gen. used in a collective sense in the pi.
Nhp.2, War. (J.R.W.), War.3 s.Wor. (F.W.M.W.) ; (H.K.)
se.Wor.1 Shr.1 The peasant children pluck bents, and fashion
them into coronets and other pretty quaint devices. They employ
them also as threads upon which to string wild strawberries.
The term is generally used in the pi. form. Hrf.12, Glo. (A.B.),
Glo.1, Hrt. (H.G.), Hnt. (T.P.F.), e-An.1 Suf. RAINBIRD Agric.
(1819) 288, ed. 1849; Suf.1, Ken. (P.M.), Sur.1, Hmp.1 I.W.
The short pale-yellow bents which rose sparsely above the fine
rich down-turf, GRAY Annesley (1889) I. 3. Wil.1
3. Hence (i) Benting, vbl. sb. in phr. to go a-benting, of
pigeons: to be driven by hunger to eat the seeds of grass;
(2) Benting-time, sb. the time when 'bents' or grass-seeds
are ripe ; (3) Benty, adj. of the nature of bent ; of land :
covered with bent.
(i) Lin.1 When the dove goes a-benting, The farmer is lamenting.
Der.1 Pigeons never know such woe, As when they a-benting go.
e.An.1 Suf. RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 288, ed. 1849 ; Suf^Thedow
she dew no sorrow know Until she dew a benten go. [RAY Prov.
(1678) 49.] (2) Lin.1, Suf.1 Hmp. LISLE Obs. Husb. (1757) ; Hmp.1
(3) Lnk. He had yet tae cross A haggy, benty, splashy moss,
THOMSON Musings (1881) 62. Gall. A plain surface of benty turf
lay before him, CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (.1895) 292. Nhb. Feeding
on yon benty hill, ARMSTRONG Wanny Blossoms (1876) 23 ; Brush'd
the benty dews before them, GRAHAM Maori. Dial. (1826) 5 ;
Nhb.1 Benty-knots are the large tough patches formed by Junnis
squarrosus. Cum. Benty turf had the bent grass mixed with the
ling, which made it valuable for fuel (M.P.). n.Yks. Pastures . . .
of a coarse benty quality, TUKE Agric. ( 1800) 200 ; n.Yks.1 Nobbut
puir benty mess wiv nae natur in it ; n.Yks.2 w.Yks. It's a pooer
gersin field, it lewks so benty, LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1883) v ;
w.Yks.2 Bent grass is often called benty grass. Nhp. A sedgebird
built its little benty nest, CLARE Poems ^1835) 117. Ken. (P.M.),
Sur.'
4. Comp. (i) Bent-lark, the corn bunting, Emberiza
miliaria; (2) -stoo\, Juncus squarrosus ; also called stool-
bent, q.v. See also Bent-grass.
(i) Nrf., Hmp. Nature Notes, No. ii. (2) Nhb. Annals Agric.
(1784-1814).
5. Applied specifically to various grasses, rushes, and
other plants: (i) Agrostis vulgaris (n.Yks.); (2) Alopecurus
pratensis, meadow fox-tail grass (Shr.) ; (3) Calluna
vulgaris, heather (Chs.) ; (4) Cynosurus cristatus (Cum.
s.Bck.) ; (5) Erica cinerea (Chs.) ; (6) Hypochoeris radicata
(e.Yks.) ; (7) Juncus squarrosus (Nhb. e.Yks.) ; (8) Lolium
perenne, rye-grass (Bdf.) ; (9) Phleum pratense, cat's-tail
grass (Shr.); (10) Plantago lanceolata (Wil. e.Yks.); (ii)
P. major, plantain (Wil.) ; (12) Psamma arenaria (n.Cy.
e.An.) ; (13) Triticum junceum (Suf.).
(a) Shr.1 (3) w.Chs. HOLLAND Sheaf (1883) III. 15. Chs.1
(9) Shr.1 (10, n) Wil.1
n. 1. A sandy hillock or knoll covered with ' bent ' or
coarse grass ; also called bent-hill.
Sc. No eye of ours could spy what was passing behind there in
the bents, STEVENSON Catrivna (1892) xiii. Fif. He flounder't
owr until the bents, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 89. w.Yks. Amang
t'bent-hills an' ling-bobs, BLACKAH Songs (1867) 37.
2. The open field. In phr. to take (to) the bent, to fly for
safety to the moors.
Sc. Take the bent, Mr. Rashleigh. Make ae pair o' legs worth
twa pair o' hands, SCOTT Rob Roy (1817) xxv. Per. The shepherd
frae the bent, NICOLL Poems (1837) 226, ed. 1843. Kcd. Look up
the hill, aboon the bent, JAMIE Muse (1844) 98. Lnk. Till black-
ness black the bent, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725) 70, ed. 1873.
Ayr. I'd better herdit on the bent, SILLAR Poems (1789) 106.
Uls. (M.B.-S.) Nhb. Tyneside's winsome lasses Wha lightly bound
over the bent, RICHARDSON Borderers Table-bk. (1846) VII. 78.
3. The slope or hollow of a hill, a hillside.
Sc. O'er the bent of Killiebraid, SCOTT Waverley (1814) xi.
Rnf. When winter's snaw gaes aff the bent, ALLAN Ev. Hours
(1836)128. Uls. (M.B.-S.), N.Cy.1 Lan. (J.L.) s.Lan. BAMFORD
Gl. (1846) 17. Shr.1
[I. 1. Bent, a kind of grass or rush, ASH (1795) ; A bent,
bents, juncus, scirpus, COLES (1679) ; He cared not for dint
of sword nor speere, No more then for the stroke of
strawes or bents, SPENSER F. Q. vi. iv. 4 ; A bente or
small rushe, iuncus, BARET (1580). II. 2. In ane instant
scho and hir court was hence, jit still abaid thir musis on
the bent, DOUGLAS Pal. Honour (1501) ed. 1874, I. 41 ;
Than spake a berne upon the bent, Otterbourne in Percy's
Reliques, ed. 1887, I. 41. 3. A bent, steep place, COLES
(1677) ; And downward from an hille, under a bente Ther
stood the temple of Mars armipotente, CHAUCER C. T. A.
1981.]
BENT, adj. Cum. [bent.] Bleak.
Cum. Nay, but it's a bent place, CAINE Shad. Crime (1885) 102 ;
Cum.1 Yon's a bent pleass o' your's.
[The same as Bent, sb. (see II. 2).]
BENTALL
[245]
BERRY
BENTALL, sb. and v. Lin. Ken. [be'ntl.j
1. sb. An iron cultivator or composite drag, invented by
Edward Hammond Bentall, used for tearing up the sur-
aceofland. n.Lin.1, Ken. (P.M.)
2. v. To use a ' bentall.'
n-Lin.1, Ken. (P.M.)
BENT-GRASS, sb. (i) Agrostis vulgans (Nhb. Cum.
Vm.) ; (2) Aira caespitosa, (3) A.flexuosa (sw.Cum.) ; (4)
Cynosurus cristatus (Cum. s.Bck.).
(i) Nhb.1, Wm.1
BENTLAND, sb. s.Pem. Land that has been pared
nd burnt.
s.Pem. LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 419.
BENTLE, sb. e.An. [be'ntl.]
1. Coarse reedy grass ; the seed-stalks of grass. Cf.
bent.
Suf. RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 288, ed. 1849 ; Suf.1 [The dove is]
forced to betake herself to the seeding bentles.
2. In pi. land by the seashore overgrown with grass.
e.An.1 Bentles, the low, sandy, flattish land on parts of the
Suffolk coast. Suf.1 Bentles is the low, sandy, flattish land n.
of Landguard fort (s.v. Bent).
3. Name given to (i) Triticum junceum (Suf.) ; (2)
Psamtna arenaria (e.An.).
BENTON PRY, sb. sw.Cum. The plant Aira
caespitosa.
BENWEED, sb. Sc. Irel. [be'nwid.] The common
ragwort, Senecio Jacoboea. Cf. bunwede.
Ayr. The Scottish witches always went by air on broomsticks
and benweeds, GALT Legatees (1820 ii. N.I.1 Don. In chill
October withered benweeds rustled like footsteps on the brae,
Cornh. Mag. XXXV. 181.
BEO, sb. Yks. In phr. go to beo, go to sleep.
n.Yks. A very common word ; when a mother was trying to get
across child to sleep she would say, ' Gan to Beo, darling' (W.H.) ;
Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Sept. 19, 1891).
BE-OWE, v. Yks. Written beawe m.Yks.1 [bi-§-.]
To own, possess.
n.Yks. There's neaboddy knows wheea beowes it, Ringky
Herald N. & Q. (1886). m.Yks.1 Who be-awes this barn [child].
[Be- + owe (to own).]
BEPITY, v. Som. To commiserate, to pity.
Som. W. &J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 Aay sheod u beepiit'eed uur
moo'ur, neef t-ad-n u-bun ur oa'n fau-ut [I should have pitied her
more, if it had not been her own fault].
[Mercy on him, poor heart ! I bepitied him, so I did,
FIELDING Tom Jones (1749) Bk. x. ix.]
BEQUEATH, sb. Obs. Dev. A bequest.
Dev. Obs. (R.P.C.) nw.Dev.1 This is the invariable form in the
Hartland Ch. Ace. 1597-1706.
[Rec. the full of the beqweth of Mother Belser xxxiijs,
Churchw. Ace. St. Dunstatfs, Canterb. (1490) (N.E.D.). The
same as bequeath, vb.]
BER, see Birr, Bur.
BERAFFLED, pp. Yks. [bira'fld.] Perplexed, en-
tangled. Cf. raffle, v.
n.Yks. In fairly common use (R.H.H.) ; Ah'ssair beraffled what
te deea (T.S.) ; n.Yks.2
BERAG, v. Ken. Also written bereg. [birae'g,
bire'g.] To worry, harass, annoy. Cf. rag, v.
Ken. The relieving officer beregged her so. Still used, but not
common (W.F.S.).
BERAY, v. Hrf. Written bewray Hrf.1 To defile
with ordure, to dirty.
Hrf.1 The birds bewray the church. s.Hrf. N. & Q. (1882) 6th
S. vi. 199. [It's an ill bird that berays its own nest, RAY Prov.
(1678) 102.]
[To beray, inquino, concaco, COLES (1679) ; You have
berayed your gowne with myer, vous aues embom vostre
robe, PALSGR. (1530).]
BERBINE, sb. Obs. Ken. Verbena officinalis.
Ken. (K.I, Ken.1
[Fr. verveine (CoTGR.) ; cp. Bearnais dial, berbe'e (LESPY).]
BERE, sb. Obsol. Shr.1 A pillow-case. See Pillow-
bere.
[And many a pilow, and every bere Of clothe of Reynes,
to slepe softe, CHAUCER Duchesse (1369) 254. A word
found in LG. dials. Holstein biire (Idiotikon) ; Bremen
biiren (Wtbch.}\ Altmark biir (DANNEIL) ; Pomer. biire
(DAHNERT) ; MLG. bure (SCHILLER-LUBBEN) ; Flem. buer
(PLANTIN).]
BERG, sb. S. & Ork.1 A rock.
[Icel. berg, a rock (VicrussoN).]
BERG, see Bargh.
BERGANDER, sb. e.An. Ess. I.W. Also written
bargander e.An.1 The sheldrake, Tadorna cornuta.
e.An.1 Ess. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 153. I.W. TV. &>Q. Vi886j
7th S. i. 239.
[Birgander, a kind of wild goose, PHILLIPS (1706); A
birgander, chenalopex, COLES (1679) ; Cravant, the small
goose-like fowl, tearmed, a brigander, COTGR. ; A bar-
gander, vulpancer, LEVINS Mantp. (1570) 79. Cp. MLG.
oergant, ' Anas tadorna ' (SCHILLER-LUBBEN).]
BERGLE, sb. S. & Ork. 'Also written bergell
S. & Ork.1 (JAM.) The fish wrasse, Labrus tinea.
Or.I. The wrasse, that has here got the.name of bergle, frequents
such of our shores as have high rocks and deep waters, BARRY
Hist. Ork. (1805) 389 (JAM.). S. & Ork.1 [SATCHELL (1879).]
[Prob. a der. of berg (sb.), q.v.]
BERGYLT, sb. Sh.I. Also written berguylt.
1. The fish, Black Goby.
Sh.I. It is called berguylt in Zetland, EDMONSTON Zetl. (1809) II.
30 (JAM.). S. & Ork.1
2. The Norwegian haddock, Sebasteo Norvegicus.
Sh.I. (K.I.) [SATCHELL (1879).]
[Norw. dial, berggylte, ' labrus ' (at Trondhjem berggalt
(AASEN) ; der. of berg, see Berg, sb.]
BERLIN, sb. Obsol. Sc. Also written berling,
bierling. A half-decked galley or rowing boat.
Sc. There's a place where their berlins and gallies, as they ca'd
them, used to lie in, SCOTT Guy M. (1815) xl. n.Sc. He kept
always a bierlin or galley in the place with ten or twelve armed
men, Statist. Ace. VI. 292 (JAM.). Sth. I have heard it only
once used (J.M.). Inv. (H.E.F.)
[Gael, birlinn, a galley, a bark; Mir. beirling. A word
of Norse origin ; cp. ON. byrfiingr, a ship of burden, der.
of byrvr, burden (MACBAIN). Cp. MLG. bordinge, a ship
(SCHILLER-LUBBEN), Bremen hording (Wtbch.)^\
BERM, see Barm.
BERRIL, see Borrill.
BERRITHATCH, sb. Obs. Som. Litter for horses.
See Thatch.
n.Som. [Used] in the court rolls of y" manner of Chuton
[Chewton] (K.).
[Berri- for beddi, beddin, bedding + thatch. For berri=
beddi cp. tae^nrees, ace. to A. J. Ellis the pron. of tae'udees,
taties, potatoes (F.T.E.).]
• ' Irel. Nhb.
Dur. Cum. Yks. Chs. Lin.
BERRY, sb.1
Wil. [ba-ri.]
1. The gooseberry, fruit of Kibes grossularia.
N.I.1, Dur.1 Cum. Tha hed barns an bits o' flesh preserved i'
bottles as fwok dus berries, Borrowdale Lett. (1787) 5, ed. 1866 ;
Whokemun be ehdangereh pricklan ther fingers, if they try teh poo
enny berries eh t'dark, SARGISSON Joe Scoap (1881) 34 ; In the
report of a show of fruit and flowers, prizes were offered for berries
(M.P.); Cum.1, n.Yks.1 ne.Yks.1 There's a vast o' berries this
year. w.Yks. A very genus (of fruit) is offered to him under the
shape of berry tart, HAMILTON NttgaeLit. (1841) 312 ; Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (Sept. 19, 1891) ; Go pull som' berries an' I'll mak' the' a
berry-pie (W.F.); Hlfx. Wds. ; Ah want a penn'orth o' eatin'
berries (F.P.T.) ; w.Yks.1"4*, Chs.12S nXin.1 I've sell'da many
berries e' my time. sw.Lin.1 I've gathered a good few berries for
market.
2. Comp. (i) Berry-bush, a gooseberry bush; (2) -cake,
(3) -pie, gooseberry pie ; (4) -staffs, the skins of goose-
berries ; (5) -tree, see -bush.
(i) Nhb. The berry bushes, the rhubarb, and the cabbages in
the garden, Tynedale Studies (1896) iv. Cum.A lease in which among
other covenants the tenant is restricted from injuring or destroying
orchards, fruit-trees, berry-bushes, &c. (M.P.) Yks. A few berry
oushes, a black currant tree or two, GASKELL Sylvia (1863) I. i;
There was a blight upo' th' berry-bushes, HOWITT Hope on (1840)
ix. sw.Lin.1 The berry-bushes are well ragg'd to year. (2) Cum.
(M.P.) ; (J.Ar.) (3) Cum. (M.P.) ; (J.Ar.) n.Yks.2 ' We'll soon
ind out if he's Yorkshire,' said the Londoner ; ' ask him if he likes
BERRY
[246]
BESETMENT
berry-pie.' w.Yks.2, Chs.1, n.Lin.1 (4) n.Yks.2 w.Yks. Leeds Merc.
Suppl. i Sept. 19, 1891). (5) Yks. Shakkin' like a berry-tree wi'a
barn at it, Yks. Comet (1844 pt. i. 3. ne.Yks.1 w.Yks. How are the
berry-trees coming on? (F.P.T.); They gate a berry-tree, Yks.
Wkly. Post (Feb. I, 1896). nXin.1
3. The grain of wheat
~Viil. Reports Agric. (1793-1813) ; Wheat is a ' good berry'when
the ear is plump and well filled, DAVIS Agric. (1813;. s.Wil.This
is found to improve the grain, provincially the ' berry,' MARSHALL
Review (1817) V. 218. Wil.1 There's a very good berry to-year.
[The longer corn continues in the ground . . . the berry [is] more
plump, full, and weighty, RAY (1691) 15; Such ground as bears
sour grass . . . will not bear a plump berry, but a thin coarse sort,
LISLE Husbandry (1757).]
BERRY, sb.2 and v.1 Hrf. Brks. Hmp. I.W. Som.
Also written berrey I.W.1 [ba'ri.]
1. sb. A rabbit warren, a group of rabbit holes. See
Bury.
Brks.1, Hmp. (W.M.E.F.), I.W.1
2. v. Of animals : to burrow, to dig a hole in the ground.
Hrf. The 'oonts used to berry in the ground (Coll. L.L.B.).
w.Som.1 Of a badger : Tidn a bit o' good to dig arter-n ; he can
berry vaster-n you can. A dog is said to berry, when he marks
and digs at a rabbit-hole.
[Berry, Cunnyberry, Lalibulum cunicuiorum, SKINNER
(1671) ; Tute, a hole, or berry made by a coney, COTGR.]
BERRY, sb? Sc. In phr. to be no the berry, to be of
bad character, untrustworthy.
Bnff.1 Abd. The ' Twinkling Star ' is very handy, true, But,
Peter Pink, their whiskey's nae the berrie, OGG Willie Waly (1873)
21. Per., Fif. In rare use (J.M.X
BERRY, v? Obsol. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks.
L To beat, to cudgel.
Rxb. To berry a bairn (JAM.). Gall. Ye'll hae to get berried
and scartit, whammelt and riven, till ye learn as I hae learned,
CROCKETT Raiders ^894) ii ; Still so used (W.G.). Cum. (M.P.)
2. To thresh corn. See Barry.
Dmf. (JAM.) Gall. I'll berry your crap by the light o' the moon,
NICHOLSON Hist. Tales (1843) 82. n.Cy. GROSE (1790); (K.);
N.Cy.12 Nhb. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863;; Nhb.1 He's been
berryin' aa the day. Cum. Obs. (M.P.); (H.W.); Cum.3 n.Yks.
He[Hobb]'ll coomnae mair, nowther to berry nor stamp. Obs. forty
years ago, ATKINSON Maori. Parish (1891) 56; (I.W.); n.Yks.1
The word is extinct here as to daily use, and only preserved in a
couplet connected with the ' Hob ' traditions.
Hence (i) Berrier, sb. a thresher; (2) Berrying, vbl. sb.
the act of threshing ; (3) Berrying-skin, sb. a dried horse's
skin used for threshing upon, to prevent the grains sticking
to the floor; (4) Berry(ing-stead, sb. a flat threshing-
floor.
(i) n.Cy. (K.) ; GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.2 Cum. LINTON Lake Cy.
(1864) 297. (2) Cum. A teeran haund At berry'an bigg or shearan,
LONSDALE Upshot (^i8n) ; Cnm.3 1^3) Cum. Down wid a buryin
skin onta t'leath floor, DICKINSON Farm Life (1869; 6 ; Cum.1
(4) n.Cy. (.K.) ; KENNETT Par. Antiq. ( 16951 ; N.Cy.2
[Berry, to thresh, COLES (1677). The same word as
Barry, v.]
BERRY-BARN, sb. Obs. ? Sc. A name for the third
finger. [Not known to our correspondents.]
Sc. Thumbkin brak the barn, Lifckpot stealt the corn, Langman
carried it awa, Berrybarn stood and saw, Wee Pirly Winkie paid
for a', CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes (1870; 20.
BERRY -BREAKER, sb. Hmp. The hawfinch, Coco-
thraustes vulgaris.
Hmp. So called from its fondness for cherry-stones, SWAINSON
Birds (1885) 60.
BERRY -BROWN, sb. Obs. Nhb. Nut-brown ale.
Nhb.1 Had I but kenn'd aw, when I was in the town, I 'ad spent
t'other groat on the brisk berry-brown, Joco-Serious Disc. (1686) 3.
[In ballad lit. berry-brown is a very common epithet of
a horse and a sword. He mounted on his berry-brown
steed, Clerk Colvill, 4, in Child's Pop. Ball. (1884) 387 ;
And now he drew his berry-brown sword, Kemp Owyne,
26, ib. II. 313.]
BERRY -MOUCHER, sb. Wil.
1. A truant from school in blackberry season. See
Blackberry -moucher.
Wil.' Widely used.
2. The blackberry, Rubusfruticosus.
Wil.1 At Huish, and occasionally elsewhere, virtually confined
to the berries themselves ; often corrupted into Penny-moucher
or Perry-moucher by children.
BERTH, sb. Yks.
1. Position, occupation ; a settled home.
n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 A fat berth. A hungry berth. Hehasnowthir
bairn nor berth.
2. A foothold, grasp.
Yks. He's got a good berth for his feet. Get a good berth on
it with both hands. We can get no berth on't (C.C.R.).
BERTH, v. Obs. Ken. To place or lay a floor.
Ken. GROSE (1790) ; LEWIS/. Tenet (1736 J ; Obs. (P.M.) ; Ken.12
Hence Berthing-boards, sb. flooring-boards. Ken.2
BERTHY, see Birthy.
BERVIE, sb. Sc. [be-rvi.] A haddock dried in the
smoke of a wood-fire. Also called Bervie-haddock.
Sc. They have their name from Inverbervie in Kcd., as they are
all mostly prepared in the vicinity (JAM.). Per. Hendry had
been to the fish-cadger in the square to get a bervie, BARRIE
Thrums (1889) xx.
BERWICK SAUCE, sb. Nhb.1 The water in which
a salmon has been boiled, served up as a sauce. Also
called Dover (q.v.).
BESACKED,/>/>. Yks. Also written besecked n.Yks.2
[bisa'kt, bise'kt] Discharged from employment.
n.Yks. Fairly common (R.H.H.) ; n.Yks.2
BESCUMMER, v. Obsol. Som. Dev. Also written
beskurnmer Som. To besmear with dirt ; fig. to abuse,
calumniate.
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873).
w.Som.1 Ee beeskuunvurd-n oa'vur wuul- [he abused him
thoroughly] ; but ' Ee beeskuunvurd-n au'l oa-vur' means he be-
smear'd him all over with filth. n.Dev. ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867)
Gl. Dev.3 Obsol. I d(i want e tfl clayne the chimmer proper, and
not bescummer the planche all awver. Ef yO got ort ttt zay agin
'er, zay et tii wance, and not bescummer the poor zawl be-ind 'er
back.
[Did Block bescumber Statute's white suit with the
parchment lace, JONSON Staple of News (1625) v. ii. Be-
+ scutnmer (vb.), q.v.]
BESEEK, v. Sc. Nhb. Also written beseik. [bisrk.]
To beseech.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Turn agayne, we beseik thee,
RIDDELL Ps. (1857) Ixxx. 14. e.Lth. Jenny had to come ben and
beseek us no' to mak sic a noise, HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) 234.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
[We the beseik, this day be fortunable To ws Tirianis,
DOUGLAS Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, n. 63 ; I beseke jou, or
bat je smyte, Lay doune bis kyrcheffe on myn eghne,
York Plays (c. 1400) 65. Be- + seek (OE. s<F«z«).J
BESEEM, v. Yks. Lan. [bisrm.] To become, befit.
n.Yks.2 It didn't beseem 'em. Lan. It would beseem her better
if hoo wur stonnin i' th' front of a weshin'-mug, WAUGH Chimn.
Corner (1874) 27, ed. 1879.
[It would beseem the Lord Northumberland To say
' King Richard,' SHAKS. Rich. II, HI. iii. 7.]
BESEEN, see Bisson.
BESEPTS, prep, and conj. Glo. Wil. Also written
beseps. [bise'pts, bise'ps.]
1. prep. Except, with the exception of.
Glo. Tain't offen as we 'as a bit o' mate . . . beseps a jint o' a
casalty ship, BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn (1890) iii. Wil.1 Here's
my yeppurn they've a'bin and searched, and I've a-got narra
'nother 'gin Zunday besepts this ! AKERMAN Tales (1853) 138.
2. conj. Except, unless.
Glo. What's the matter wi' un. Jeames, is er dead ? — Djed ! no !
beseps djed drunk ! BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn (1890) ix ; Thay
bean't content beseps thaay be Members o' Parlyment, ib. xv.
[A contam. of except with the be- of besides.}
BESET, v. Obsol. Lin. To attack.
Lin. Not very common (J.C.W.). n.Lin. Thaay do saay he was
beset wi' a wild lion out yonder (M.P.) ; (E.P.)
[Draw forth thy weapon, we are beset with thieves,
SHAKS. T. Shrew, HI. ii. 238.]
BESETMENT, sb. Stf. Dev. [Not known to our cor-
respondents.] A besetting weakness or sin.
n.Stf. It's my besetment to forget where I am, GEO. ELIOT A. Bede
BESGAN
[247]
BESOM
-j9) I- '31' Dev. Amongst the besetments of the cultivators . . .
is that of trusting to negative evidence, Trans, Dev. Assoc. (iS6^
II. 36; (R.P.C.)
BESGAN, sb. Cor. Also in forms biscan, vescan
Cor.12 A leather finger-glove or cloth bandage, used by
harvest women to protect a wounded finger.
Cor.12 [GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)]
[A Cornish (Celtic) word. Der. of Cornish bis(bys,bes),
finger ; cp. Wei. bys (STOKES Urkelt. Sprachschatz, 175).]
BESHACHT, pp. Sc. QAM.) 1. Not straight, dis-
torted. Cf. shach, v. Ags. 2. Torn, tattered, with the
idea of dirtiness. Per.
BESHAME, v. Glo. [bije'm.] To shame ; to be
ashamed.
Glo. I never was so beshamed in all my life afore, GISSING Both
of this Parish (1889) I. 115 ; Yewereborn to beshame your parish,
ib. 286. n.Glo. Obsol. I'll beshame you afore anybody (S.S.B.) ; Be-
shame to you ! Obsol. (H.S.H.)
[Beshame me not, Metr. Psalter (c. 1567) xxxviii. 12.]
BESIDE(S, prep. Irel. Yks.
1. In comparison with, by the side of.
Ir. The people are hen-hearted now, besides what they used to
be in my time, CARLETON Traits Peas. (1843) I. 191. Ldd. In very
common use (A.J.I.).
2. Except, excepting.
Ant. Beside her own mother (S.A.B.).
3. In phr. beside a, close by, alongside of.
w.Yks. Nah beside a theaze . . . wor a long glass caise, TOM
TREDDLEHOYLE Fr. Exhibition (c. 1856' 30 ; Beside a here wor
a man, ib. Trip ta London (1851) 23.
BESLITTEN, ppl. adj. Lin. Slit.
Lin. (J.C.W.) n-Lin.1 I slit a sheet, a sheet I slit ; A new be-
slitten sheet was it.
BESLOBBER, v. Nhp.1 Shr.2 To eat in a slovenly
manner, to render wet or dirty by spilling food on the
clothes.
BESMORTH, v. Wxf.1 To besmear.
BESMOTTER, v. Obsol. Shr.12 Also in form be-
smatter Shr.1 To smear or daub with mud or dirt.
[Besmottered, besmutted, KERSEY (1715) ; His face he
schew besmotterit for a bourd, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513)
ed. 1874, ii. 245 ; Of fustian he.wered a gipoun A) bi-
smotered, CHAUCER C. T. A. 76.]
p. Shr.
mud or dirt.
BESMUDGE, v. Nhp.
To smear, to soil with
Nhp.1 Shr.1 W'y, Tummy, w'eerever han yo bin to besmudge
yoreself all o'er athatns ? Shr. 2
BESOGNE, sb. Lei. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] Business, affairs.
Lei.' Mind your own besogne.
[Fr. besogne, business.]
BESOM, sb.1 In gen. dial, use in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also written basam, bassam Dev. ; baysom Chs.1 ; baz-
zom Cor. ; beesom Cum. e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Chs.12 Der.1 Rut.1
e.Sus. ; beesum w.Yks. ; beezom Lan. Wil.1 ; beysom
s.Chs.1 : bezom e.Yks.1 m.Yks.1 Wil. ; bezum Glo. ; bissom
Glo. Wil.1 ; bizzam Wm. ; bizzom Hrf.1 Brks.1 ; bizzum
se.Wor.1 I.W.1; burzom N.Cy.1; buzzom Nhb.1 Dur.1;
buzzum Nhb. Dur. ; byssum War. e.Sus.; byzant Dor.
1. A broom, made of birch or heather.
Sc. A new besom sweeps clean. RAMSAY Prov. (1737). Fif.
Oft we sweep the thrifty matron's house With besom quaint, in-
visible, and small, TENNANT A nster (1812) 143, ed. 1871. Ayr. Ding-
ing me about as if I had been nae better than a broom besom, GALT
Lairds (1826) xviii ; But I'll sued besoms — thraw saugh woodies,
BURNS Dr. Blacklock (1789 st. 6. e.Lth. A' trades maun live, as the
wife said whan she burnt her besom, HUNTER J. Inwick (1895) 134.
Gall. Keep aye plenty o' heather on the end o' the besom, CROCKETT
Sunbonnet (1895) xxvii. Dwn. (C.H.W.) n.Cy. GROSE (i79Ox, ;
N.Cy.1 Nhb. 2 Bussims, $d., DIXON Whiltingham Vale (1895) 48 ;
Nhb.1 He'll myek us broom-buzzoms for nowse, MIDFORD Pitman's
Courtship (c. 1851). Dur.1 Cum. His chin was likest a moss
beesom, RICHARDSON Talk (1871) 32, ed. 1876 ; (E.W.P.) Wm.
The light touch of a besom striketh away in a moment, HUTTON
Bran New Wark (1785) 200 ; Wi' beards like besoms ower their
mouthes. WHITEHEAD Leg. 1859 19. n.Yks. (H.M.) ; n.Yks.12,
ne.Yks.1, e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks. They have need of a besom
that sweep the house with a turf, Prov. in Brighouse News (July
23, 1887) ; He worabesum hawker, PRESTON Girlington Jm. Aim.
1 1875) 19 ; Tom struck at t'ratten wit beesom, BYWATER Sheffield
Dial. (1839) 27, ed. 1877; (S.P.U.) Lan. Mary took the besom
to Luke, FRANCIS Daughter of Soil (1895^ 71 ; WAUGH Besom Ben
Stories, title. Chs. Th' eend o' a baysom steel, CLOUGH B. Bress-
kittle (1879) 3; Chs.1 Gen. made of birch twigs; very freq. of
heather, when they are called ling-beesoms. Most of the beesoms
are manufactured by men who make it a regular business. The
beesoms are tied together in neat bundles of half a dozen, and are
hawked about loaded on the backs of donkeys ; Chs.2, s.Chs.1,
Stf.12, Der.1 2, nw-Der.1, Not.2 n.Lin.1 She's as good fer milkness
as a birk-trea is fer beasoms. Rut.1 The Clark for shovling of snow
and going Uppingham had 3 pints of ale and a new Beasam, gd. ,
ChurchAcc. (1766). Lei.1, Nhp.1 War. ' J.B.); War.3 Paid for heath
besoms, ^d., Aston Ch. Ace. (Trans. Arch. Soc. 1872). se.Wor.1,
Shr.1 Hrf.1 ; Hrf.2 There's tricks in all trades except bizzom-
makin, and then you puts the short in the middle. Glo. Jest look
at the boots as thee's a-bringing into th' 'ouse, . . .wipe 'em agin
the bissom, do, BUCKMAN Darkens Sojourn (1890) ii; (S.S.B.)
Brks.1, Cmb.1 e.An.1 In some parts of Suf. called birch-broom,
and in Nrf. called ling-broom or besom. e.Sus. HOLLOWAY. Hmp.1,
I.W.1 n.Wil. The besom of the gardener would have swept away
all traces, JEFFERIES Wild Life (1879) 14. Wil. SLOW Gl. (.1892) ;
Wil.12 Dor. Gl. (1851). Dev. If I were to meet old Tammy,
besom in hand, O'NEILL Idylls 11892) 30. n.Dev. Swept up the
hearth with an old besom, CHANTER Witch (1896) 41. sw.Dev.
Zee what a pritty basam I've a brort, PENGELLY Provinc. (1875)
40. Dev.3, Cor.2
2. Comp. (i) Besom-bet, fhe name given to the per-
sonator of a female in the ' Fond Pleeaf ' procession on
Plough Monday ; (2) -busks, the thick abnormal growth
of small branches, freq. found in birch trees; (3) -clean,
clean only on the surface ; (4) -head, the joint in an
apple-tree trunk where the branches separate ; (5) -maker,
a maker of brooms ; (6) -moss, the common hair-moss,
Polytrichum commune; (7) -scauped, weak-minded,
stupid ; (8) -shaft, (9) -shank, (10) -stael, (n) -stake, a
broomstick ; (12) -stuff, a name given to ling of which
brooms are made ; (13) -timber, see -stuff.
(i) e.Yks. NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 52 ; e.Yks.1, n.Lin.1 (a)
n.Lin.1 (3) n.Sc. (W.G.) (4) Wor. From what has been termed
the upright besom head, with a stem five feet long, MARSHALL
Review (1818) II. 387. (5) Stf.2 Ther's niwer a besom-maker i'
Castle na. Not. I first let the twigging to the besom makers,
MARSHALL Review (1814) IV. 161. (6~t Cum. HUTCHINSON Hist.
Cum. (1794) I. App. 43. (7, 8) n.Yks.2 (9) N.Cy.1 Nhb.Jonnie's
ghost was always to be seen . . . with a buzzom-shank over his
shoulder, DIXON Whittingham Vale (1895) 159 ; Nhb.1 His fether
. . . browt up his family i' the fear o' the Lord an' the buzzom-shank.
Dur.1 Cum. A besom shank her hand furst met, STAGG Misc. Poems
(1805) 90, ed. 1807. (10) w.Yks. (E.G.) Lan. Witches ridin
races upo' besom-stails, BRIERLEY Old Nook, ii. (ii) Dor. Lawk!
I mid het she wi' a besom-stake, HARE Vill. Street (iSg^'m . (12)
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Sept. 19, 1891); w.Yks.5 Addle-moor
bezom-stuff — that growing on Addle-moor, near Leeds. n.Lin.1
(13) w.Yks. T'land a bogs an' beesum-timber, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE
Bairnsla Ann. (1866) 28.
3. In phr. (i) to hang out the besom, to invite friends
during the wife's absence from home ; (2) as fond as
a besom, very foolish, apt to commit absurd mistakes ; (3)
as drunk as a besom.
(i) Nhb.1 The ancient sign of an inn was a projecting pole, with
a tuft, which gave it the appearance of a besom. Hence the phr.
to ' hing oot the buzzom' is an invitation to bachelor friends and
a sign of good cheer within. Cum.1, n.Lin.1 (2) Nhb.1, n.Yks.1,
ne.Yks.1, m.Yks.1, w.Yks.5, nXin.1 (3) w.Yks.2
[1. Besumme, scopa, Cath. Angl. (1483) ; Clensid with
besyms, WYCLIF (1388) Matt. xii. 44. OE. besma ; cp.
MHG. besem (mod. besen).]
BESOM, sb.2 Also written basom, bisom, bizzom,
busom Dev.* ; basam Dev. (i) Calluna vulgaris, red
heath broom (Dev. Cor.) ; (2) Sarothamnus scoparius,
common broom (Som. Dev.).
1 1) Dev.1 The innocent vace o'en like basam, 26. Cor.2 (2)
w.Som.1 Often called 'gree-n buz'um.' An infusion of the leaves of
this plant is held to be the great specific in dropsical cases. Bwoil
down some green besom, 'tis the finedest thing in the wordle.
w.Dev. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (,1796). Dev.4 As yellow as a basom.
BESOM
[248]
BESSY-BABS
[2. Then hid herself close in the besom of the broom,
Broomfield Hill, g, in Child's Pop. Bal. (1884) 398 ; Besom,
a certayne rough and prickled shrubbe wherof bouchers
make their beesoms, ruscum, BARET (1580). The same as
Besom, sb.1]
BESOM, sb.3 Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. War. Glo.
Also written beesom w.Yks.2 Lan. ; beysom s.Chs.1 ;
bezom m.Yks.1 w.Yks. ; buzzom Nhb.1
1. A term of reproach or contempt applied to a woman ;
esp. a woman of loose or slovenly habits.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Turned a dyvour on my hands,
the auld besom, SCOTT Redg. (1824) xx ; To set up to be sae muckle
better than ither folk, the auld besom, ib. Old Mortality (1816) viii ;
Gin't were ony bletherin' besom ! But me that's aye the model o*
discretion, ROY Horseman (1895) vii. Per. Your mither was a
feikil fushionless besom, BARRIE Minister (1891) x. Gall. Elizabeth
Kirk is an impident besom, CROCKETT Stickit Min. (1893) 66, ed.
1895 ; ' O, ye think ye're a braw lad,' said the impudent besom, ib.
Raiders (1894) iv. m.Yks.1 w.Yks. She's a besom, she is, Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 12, 1884) ; w.Yks.2 Lan. As aw wur tellin yoa
when that beesom put hur motty in, STATON Rays fro' Loominary
(c. 1861) 60 ; To think o' that theer owd besom talkin' i' that
rood to a lady, BURNETT Haworths (1887) xii ; A proud saucy
besom hoo wur, BRIERLEY Cast upon World 1^1886) 165. e.Lan.1
s.Lan. Hoo's a cockit young besom (F.E.T.). s.Chs.1 Dhu yiing
beyzum)zau-viz i mis-chif [the young beysom's auvays i' mischief].
Stf.2 Yo nasty imperent besom yo. War.2 Used in the children's
game, ' Please, old woman, will you come out, . . . You nasty, dirty
besom'; War.3 A girl described as *a besom' without a qualifying
adj. would imply unchastity. A ' young besom ' would mean a very
troublesome or impertinent child ; while an ' impudent besom '
would mean an unendurably impudent girl. Glo.12
Hence Besomer, sb. a term applied to a person of either
sex, of loose and slovenly habits.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Sept. 19, 1891).
2. A simpleton. Cf. besom-head.
Nhb.1 Thoo greet buzzom.
3. A vicious cow. w.Yks.2
[1. Prob. the same as Besom, sb.1 Cp. G. besen (in
students' slang), a contemptuous word for a maid-servant,
or a young girl (PAUL).]
BESOM, v. Lan. To sweep ; also jig.
Lan. He'll [John Bright] be at th' yed of an army yet, ut'll besom
Europe of o' sorts o' creawned prowt. BRIERLEY Old Radicals, 1 1 ;
(S.W.)
BESOM-HEAD, sb. Yks. Lin. Also written bezom-
n.Yks.2 m.Yks.1 w.Yks.5 [brsam-iad.] A foolish, stupid
person. Cf. besom, sb.3 2.
n.Yks.1 2, ne.Yks > e.Yks. NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 52. n.Lln.1
Hence Besom-headed, adj. weak-minded, stupid,
C 1* t_
foolish.
n.Yks.12, m.Yks.1, w.Yks.5
BESOUTH, prep. Sc. To the southward of.
Sc. This present act shall begin only, and take effect for those
besouth the water of Die, Act Seder. (Jan. 10, 1650) 64 (JAM.).
Per. Besouth the Forth (G.W.).
BESPATTLE, v. Shr.1 Also written bespottle.
[bispae'tl, -spotl.] To bespatter, to cover with mud or
dirt.
[Papilloter, to bespattle, or spot with dirt, COTGR. Be- +
spattle (vb.), q.v.]
BESPEAK, v. Lin. Nhp. War. Hrf.
1. To speak to ; to converse with.
n.Lin.1 I niver bespeak him noo ; he fell oot wi' me aboot that
foal o' mine among his tar's. We ewse'd to keap cump'ny, bud I
hevn't bespoak her sin' Martlemas.
2. To promise, to engage beforehand ; to order ; fig. to
be marked for death.
n.Lin.1 He'll not fall to hev it, bein' as I've bespoak it fer you,
Miss. Hrf.2 I saw he was bespoke a month ago.
3. Bespoke, pp. bewitched. Obsol.
Nhp.1 The children are bespoke. What's the matter with you,
you're quite bespoke. War.3
[1. O out bespeaks the Outlaw's lady, Outlaw Murray,
12, in Child's Pop. Bal. (1894) 195 ; Queen. My gentle
lord, bespeak these nobles fair, MARLOWE Edw. II (1590)
i. iv. . 2. To bespeak ware, COLES (1679).]
BESPELT, ppl adj. Nhp. [bispe'lt] Bewitched,
mischievous.
Nhp.1 ' You are quite be-spelt' is a term of reproach often used
to children.
{Be- + spelt, pp. of spell, vb., to bewitch with ' spells ' ;
cp. spelling charms, SHAKS. i Hen. VI, v. iii. 31. From
spell, a charm consisting of some words of mysterious
power.]
BESPRENTED, pp. Yks. Sprinkled, splashed.
n.Yks. (T.S.) ; n.Yks.2
[Besprent + -ed. Knot-grass dew-besprent, MILTON
Comus (1634) 542 ; To Pite ran I, al bespreynt with
teres, CHAUCER Minor Poems, n. 10. ME. bespreynt, pp.
ofbesprengen (OE. besprengan), to sprinkle.]
BESS, v. Sh.I. [bes.] To sew slackly.
Sh.I. In common use (K.I.). S. & Ork.1
[The same as lit. E. baste (to sew together loosely).
I baste a garment with threde,/? bastys, PALSGR. (1530).]
BESSEN, v. Lei. | be'san. ] To stoop, bend down ;
to weigh down.
Lei.1 ' All them sad-irons round my waist made me bessen down,'
said a maid-servant, who had challenged another to a trial of
weight, and adopted effectual means of securing a victory.
[Repr. lit. E. base (to lower) + -en, fr. the analogy of vbs.
in -en, like lessen. Fr. baisser (tr. and intr.), to lower.]
BESSEY, -IE, see Bessy.
BESS O' BEDLAM, sb. Nhp. e.An. A harmless
vagrant or maniac formerly allowed to range the country ;
hence any female of wild or disorderly appearance.
Nhp.1 e.An.1 The name is not yet obs.
[See, see poor Bess of Bedlam (see verse on the title-
page of a chap-book, Bess of Bedlam's Garland), NARES.]
BESSPOOL, sb. Yks. Lei. A highly coloured eating-
apple, rather woody in texture, but of good flavour.
n.Yks., Lei. (C.E.), Lei.1
BESSY, s*.1 Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lin. War. Hrf.
Glo. [be-si.]
1. An ill-mannered woman or girl ; an idiot.
Bnff.1, w.Yks.2 Lin.1 She's a haveless bessy. n.Lin.1 swiin.1
What a tiresome bessy you are !
2. The name given to the man or boy dressed to re-
present a woman, in the procession on Plough Monday.
Nhb. The buffoon or ' Bessy "... collects the cash, RICHARDSON
Borderer's Table bk. (1846) VI. 209; Nhb.1 Wor Mall cam heym the
t'other neet Dres't like a ' Bessie ' — sic a seet, ROBSON Wor
Mally (c. 1870). Nhb., Dur. The Bessy in the grotesque habit
of an old woman, BRAND Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1849) I. 505. [HoNE
Every-day Bk. (1825-27) I. 71.]
3. A man who meddles in woman's affairs, a ' Molly-
coddle.' Also called Bessy-coddle.
War.2, Hrf.1 2, Glo.1
4. Comp. Bessy-fruggam, a female of slatternly ap-
pearance ; a man dressed in woman's attire for mumming
or ' guising.' Dur.1
BESSY, si.2 Obs. Lan. A strainer made of hedge-
twigs, which was fastened to the faucet inside a brewing-
tub, and prevented the grains from coming out, when the
liquor was drawn off.
Lan. Obs. , now that brewing is not done at home (S.W. .
e-Lan.1
BESSY, sb* Cum. Wm. Lan. Wor. Shr.
1. The yellow ammer, Emberisa citrinella.
Wm.1 Lan. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 7° i Lan.1, n.Lan.1
2. Comp. (i) Bessy-blackcap, the black-headed bunting,
Emberiza schoeniclus ; (2) -blakeling, the yellow ammer,
Emberisa citrinella ; (3) -brantail, the redstart, Ruticella
phoenicurus ; (4) -ducker, the dipper or water-ouzel, Cinclus
aquaticus.
(i) Cum. Not common (J.P.) ; (J.C.); Cum.1 (2) Cum.1 Wm.
SWAINSON Birds (1885) 70 ; Wm.1 n.Lan. (W.S.), ne.Lan.1 (3)
Shr. SWAINSON ib. 12 ; Shr.1 (4) Cum. [Water ouzel] Vulgarly
Bessy douker, or water pyet, HUTCHINSON Hist. Cum. (1794) I.
457; (H.W.); Cum.^Wm.1 w.WoT.Berrow'sJrn. (Mar. 3, 1888).
[SWAINSON ib. 30.]
BESSY-BAB(S, sb. and adj. Yks. [be'si-bab.]
1. sb. A petted, spoilt child; a child who cries for
little cause.
BESSY BAIRN-WORT
[249]
BESTEST
n.Yks.1 e.Yks. Noo, then, bessybabs ! thoo's gennin ageean,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889^ 89 ; e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.-) w.Yks.s
Come tothee mamm3'then. thou little bessybab ! — shoo does nowt
bud spoil thuh.
Hence Bessybabishness, sb. the whimpering of a spoilt
child.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Sept. 19, 1891); w.Yks.5
2. One given to childish amusements or silly talk.
n.Yks.1 'Deean't be sikan a great bessybab'; to a big boy
playing with a little girl's doll ; n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1 In fairly com-
mon use. m.Yks.1, w.Yks.15
3. A fantastically dressed female.
n.Yks.2, ne.Yks.1
4. A doll.
n.Yks.2 There thoo lakes wi' thy bessybab. w.Yks. Leeds Men:
Suppl. (Sept. 19, iSgiX
5. adj. Childish, foolish.
e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.)
BESSY BAIRN-WORT, phr. Yks. Also written -ban-
wood n.Yks.2 Bellis perennis, common daisy. See
Bairn-wort, Banewort.
r.Yks. A dinner-table decorated with a few'bessy-bairn-worts,'
LINSKILL Betw. Heather andn. Sea (1884) Ivi ; (I.W.) ; n.Yks.2
BESSY-CLOCKER, sb. Cum. The black beetle.
Cum. (J.P.); Common in the neighbourhood of Wasdale (J.C.).
BESSY-LORCH, sb. Rxb. QAM.) The fish loach,
Gobites pluviatilis.
BEST, adj. Sc. Irel. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Not. Lin. Lei.
War. Won Glo. Hmp. Som. Dev. Colon.
1. Used for the comparative better.
Lan. Theaw'd neaw best set that kettle on, STANDING Echoes
(1885) 20. Chs.1 Yo'd best do it. s.Not. Yo'd best goo tother
road (J.P.K.). Lei.1 Yo'd best not. Hmp. (H.C.M.B.)
2. Comb, (i) Best cheip, the best for the money; (2)
-fashion, in good health ; (3) — foot, the right foot ;
(4) — girl, sweetheart ; (5) — hand, the right hand ; (6)
-like, best-looking, most comely ; (7) -maid, a bridesmaid ;
(8) — part, the greater part, nearly the whole ; (9) —
respects, intimate friends ; (10) — way(s, better.
(i) Sc. (JAM. Suppl.) (2) s.Not. My mother's best-fashion, thank
you kindly (L. CM.). sw-Lin.1 She's real caddy ; best-fashion, she
says. (3) ne.Yks.1 In common use. (4) Dwn. Esp. used in reference
to the sweetheart of a man whose fancy often changes (T.P.W.).
Myo. Andy had on him his best suit, and a clean wash. . . , ' Look
at him,' I said, ' wouldn't you know he was going to meet his best
girl?' STOKER Snake's Pass (1891) viii. Crl.fJ.M.ff.) (5) ne.Yks.1
(6) n.Yks.2 She's t'best-like o' t'tweea. e.Yks. Jack's best-like
bayn i' all fam'ly, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 92 ; e.Yks.1 MS. add.
(T.H.) m-Yks.1 w.Yks. That's good-like; that's t'better-like ;
but that's t'best-like, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Sept. 26, 1891). (7) Sc.
(JAM.) (8) e.Yks.1, w.Yks. (J.T.) s.Not. It's the best part of a
mile (J.P.K.). n-Lin.1 A sceptical parishioner remarked, after
listening-to an account of heaven and hell, ' Well, sir, what you
saay maay be all very trew for them that's straange an' good or
straange an' bad-like, but i'my opinion th'best partgoas noiwheare.
w.Som.1 Dhu has pae-urt u dhu war [nearly the whole way]. Dhai
bun u-geo' has pae-urt-uv u aawur [they have been gone nearly
a whole hour]. Dev. Little Fay would run with the best part of
his dinner to some widow, BLACKMORE Perlycross (1894) 38. (9)
Or.I. Hoo's a your best respects the day? (JAM. Suppl.) (10)
Dev. Yii'd best ways go an' turn tha yaws intii tha yard. 'Tez til
cold vor um upen tha orchit, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 150 ; Tha
jimmies ov they new doors craketh ; yu'd best ways graise
[grease] um ! ib. 87. nw.Dev.1 You'd best way go an' zee vor
yurzell.
3. In phr. (i) to give best, (a) to yield, to admit inferiority ;
to give credit ; (b) to leave, to sever connexion with ; (2)
to make the best of one's road to, to go by the shortest way.
(i, a) War.2 I'll give you best at running ; War.3 ne.Wor. Ifyou
can eat them sour apples, I'll give you best for a good stomach
(J.W.P.). Glo. (A.B.) ; I gave her best about it, N. & Q. (1877)
5th S. vii. 126 ; Glo.1 [Aus., N.S.W. The two went at it hammer
and tongs . . . till the calf gave him best and walked. BOLDREWOOD
Robbery (1888) I. vii.] (6) Slang. But after a time I gave him
best because he used to want to bite my ear [borrow] too often,
HORSLEY Jottings (1887) i (FARMER). (2) Stf.2
BEST, v. In gen. dial, use in Sc. and Eng. Written
beast BnfV.1
VOL. I.
1. To excel ; to vanquish or overcome in an argument,
game, &c.
n.Sc. We sat the hail forenicht an speert riddles at ane anither,
an there wizna ane o' them it cud beast me (W.G.). Bnff.1 Abd.
I might say to one puzzled at a game of draughts, &c., 'He's
beastin' ye,' or ' Ye're fairly beastet.' A boy gets a hard sum in
arithmetic to work : ' That'll beast ye, my lad ' (G.W.). Nhb.1 We do
not say that a man has been ' worsted,' but ' bested ' ; or we say
'He bested his marrow at the job.' n.Yks. (T.S.) ne.Yks.1
w.Yks. If a Yankee could best ye, HARTLEY Grimes' Trip (1877)
58 ; (C.W.H.) ; Ah can best Tom at crackit laikin, Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (Sept. 26, 1891) ; w.Yks.5 Av ne'er bin bested i' nowt yet
o' that soart an' noan mean to be. e.Lan.1, Chs.3 Stf.1 ; Stf.2 Oi've
niwer pleed at quoits sin oi was bested byowd Charlie Chawner.
Not. (L.C. M.) s.Not. He's bested yer, lad ; he's too strong for yer
(J.P.K.). Not.1, Lin. (J.C.W.) n.Lin. I've bested the this time,
I hev, PEACOCK Taales (1889) 117; n.Lin.1 Ony fool can best
a London lawyer. sw.Lin.1 , War.2 w.Wor. More than once he'd
been well bitten and bested, BEAUCHAMP Grantley Grange (1874)
I. 107. s.Wor.1 Shr.1 Charlie Grice an' me wun 'avin a game
at ' Jack-stones,' but I bested 'im quick. Hrf.2 Him and Joe . . .
fought a bit, but Joe bested him. Glo. (H.S.H.); Thy missus
thought to best un entirely, BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn (1890) iii.
Brks.1 A tried to best I, but I was too sherp vor'n. Hit. He was
quite bested afore I was done (H.G.). e.An.1, Ken.1, Sus.1 Dev.
Applebird would have sooner gived up business altogether than let
Comer best him anywheer, PHILLPOTTS Bill Vogwell in Blk. and
White (June 27, 1896) 824. Colloq. The insolence of inferiors
often proceeds from an absence of pride, a consciousness, as the
vulgar say, of being 'bested,' Spectator (Oct. 27, 1888) 1467, col. i.
[Aus. I thought you would not be easily bested, as far as ingenuity
could get you out of a difficulty, FERGUSON Bush Life (1891) v.]
Hence Beast, sb. a puzzle, a ' capper.'
n.Sc. That's a fair beast for me noo. A can make naething o't
(W.G.).
2. To take advantage of, to overreach, to cheat.
e.Yks. He set off heeam as fast as he could pelt, to . . tell her
hoo he'd bested poor widda, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 36. w.Yks.
Thah's bested me o mi brass, Yksman. (1881) 222. Lan. He's
fairly bested me, an I didn't think it of him (S.W.). Chs.1, s.Chs.1
Stf.2 'E's a cute owd beggar at a bargain ; if yer dunna moind 'e's
sure best yer. s.Stf. Directly I heerd who yo' wun dealin' wi' I
knowed yo'd be bested (T.P.). Der. (H.R.) Lin. STREATFEILD
Lin. and Danes (1884) 316. Lei.1 War.2; War.3 I thought I had
sold the crop very well, but I find I was bested. War., Wor. He's
bested us in the bargain (H.K.). Shr.1 I changed sid [seed] 66th
owd Medlicott, but 'e's bested me. Glo.1, Oxf.1, Suf. (F.H.)
Ess. He was very angry at first, for he thought I wanted to best
him (A.S.P.). Sur.1 I never could have beleft he would have
bested us so. [Aus., N.S.W. Ifyou go barneying about calves, or
counting horses that's give in, he'll best ye, as sure as you're born,
BOLDREWOOD Colon. Reformer (1890) II. xvi.]
Hence Bester, sb. a cheat.
Slang. ' Jollies,' and ' Magsmen,' or accomplices of the ' Bouncers
and Besters,' MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) IV. 25, ed. 1862.
3. To consider.
Cor.1 1 am besting if I shall go to church to-night; Cor.2 MS. add.
4. In phr. besting it, see below.
Cor.1 'Besting it' is going to sea when the weather looks threaten-
ing, and cruising on the fishing ground without shooting the nets,
to see whether the sky will clear or not.
BEST, see Beast.
BESTEAD, adj. Sc. Yks. Der. Ken. Written bestadde
Der.1 nw.Der.1; bested Yks.; bestid Ken.12 Circum-
stanced, situated, gen. in an evil sense ; hence destitute,
forlorn ; overcome, oppressed, [biste'd.]
Abd. Gin he inclines, he needsna lie alane. He's ill bestead,
wha canna pass ae door, SHIRREFS Poems (1790) 44. Lnk. Nae
doot they're often sair bestead, cauld, hungry, and tired, FRASER
Whaups (1895) xiii. Yks. Wkly. Post (1883). Der.2, nw.Der.1,
Ken.12
[I never saw a fellow worse bestead, SHAKS. 2 Hen. VI,
u. iii. 56 ; Well bestad, satisfactus ; Euill bestad, destilutus,
LEVINS Manip. (1570).]
BESTEST, adj. Glo. Som. Dev. Cor. Superl. of good ;
gen. emphatic, the very best.
Glo. LYSONS Vulgar Tongue (1868) 49 ; That's the bestest of the
lot (S.S.B.). Som. Ta stick ta yer own bizness, es tha bestest
way ofitin, ' AGRIKLER' Rhymes (1872)29. w.Som.1 Dhaatdhae-ur-z
Kk
BESTIAL
[25°]
BETHINK
dhu bas-tees uvur aay-d u-gaut- [that is the very best I ever had].
Dev. Thee'st abritted thease bestest taypot, yd gert shackle-brained
twoad ! HEWETT Peas. S/>. (1892). Cor.2 95.
BESTIAL, sb. Sc. The live stock on a farm.
Sc. RAMSAY Remin. 'ed. 1872) 112; Skeely enow in bestial,
whereof he has promised to gie me twa Devonshire kye, SCOTT
Midlothian (1818) xxxix ; (A.W.) Inv. It required no depth of
understanding to find out that the rearing of bestial in place of men
was the most lucrative speculation, Agric. Sum. (JAM.) Kcd.
They wad . . . rear Superior breeds o' beastial, GRANT Lays (1884)
68. Gall. They are welcome to the onstead o' Earlstoun farm to
stow their goods and bestial, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) xxxiv.
[Bestial, all sorts of beasts or cattle, BAILEY (1770) ;
Bestiall is gen. used for all kind of cattell. COWELL (1607).
Fr. bestial (bestiail), beasts or cattel of any sort, as oxen,
sheep, &c. (CoroR.).]
BESTOW, v. Lin. Nrf. Suf. Ess.
1. To put away carefully, to dispose of; to bury.
n.Lin.1 1 bestow my Sunda' cloas awaay i' a chist o' drawers as soon
as I tak 'em off. sw.Lin.1 Blaemt if I know where to bestow it all.
e.An.1 Nrf. GROSE (1790) Suppl. ; MARSHALL Rur. Econ. 1787);
Nrf.1 Suf.1 Where did yow bestow that there hahm ? Ess. I am
about to bestow him, Trans. Arch. Soc. 1863 II. 183
2. To put a woman to bed in childbirth.
e.An.1 Nrf.1 She was bestowed last week. Suf.1
[1. I have noo roume where to bestowe my frutes,
TINDALE (1534) Luke xii. 17 ; Where the dead body is
bestow'd, my lord, We cannot get from him, SHAKS.
Hamlet, iv. iii. 12.]
BESTURTED, pp. Sc. (JAM.) Startled, alarmed.
[Be- + sturted, pp. of sturt (vb.), q. v.]
BESWARMED, pp. n.Yks.2 Clustered over as with
insects.
BESWEIK, v. Sc. Written beswik (JAM. Suppl.)
To cheat, deceive.
Sc. JAM.) Per. Not common (G.W.).
[Giffe, for bou beswyked hym swa. . . . Buxom shalle
bou to man ay be, York Plays (c. 1400) 31. OE. be-
swican.]
BESWIN(D, sb. Hmp. The bindweed, Convolvulus
sepium. Cf. bethwine, withwind.
Hmp. (J.R.W.); Hmp.l
BET, v. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Chs. Not. Lin.
Lei. War. Cmb. Ken. Amer. [bet.]
1. Past tense of beat, in var. dial, and lit. senses.
Ir. (G.M.H.) Nhb.1 Renforth bet ivvorybody. Cum. His pulse
bet like Sandy Tupper's, FARRALL Betty Wilson (1886 30; Ah
bethimeasily E.W.P.) ; Cum.2 Wm. My pulse bet quick, HOTTON
Bran New Work (1785) 1. 370. ne.Yks.1 We bet 'em at creckit.
w.Yks. WRIGHT Gram. Wndhll. (1892) 141 : Towzerbet his dog,
CUDWORTH Dial. Sketches (1884) 7. Not. (J.H.B.) s.Not. Hi: bet
'ershameful (J.P.K.). Ken. Kent bet Yorkshire (W.F S ). [Amer.
N.B., Nfld., N.S., Dial. Notes (1895) 377.]
2. pp. Beaten ; exhausted.
Ir. An' the oats bet to bruss wid the hail, BARLOW Bog-land
(1893) 19. Nhb. May we a' hyell be won agyen . . . Torn out
a high main, bet by nyen, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) 60; Nhb.1
His marrow declar'd he was bet, Sng. Masquerade. There's
native bards in yon town, For wit and humour seldom bet, Bards
Tyne (1849) in. Cum. Seah, they sat on till towards eight
o'clock, t'fellah varra nar bet whatta duah, FARRELL Betty Wilson
(1886) 7 ; I's that thrang I's bet ta mak oot whoar ta begin t'furst,
Willy Wattle (1870) 3 ; He was fairly bet wi' 'em, BARBER Forness
Fit. (1870) 24. n.Yks. T'ducks fra Fidler's mill cuddent be bet,
TWEDDELL Clevel. Rhymes (1875) 62. ne.Yks.1 Ah wer fair bet.
n. & w.Yks. A's fairly bet, a can't lift it (W.H.). e.Yks. Hahvist
in an hahvist oot, We've bet all fahmers roond aboot, NICHOLSON
Flk-Sf. (1889) 92. w.Yks. Thoo's fair an' bet, MUNBY Verses
(1865) 54 ; Mi moother's been badly bet [ill] (A.A.K.) ; Ah bean't
bahn to be bet wi' thee, Yksman. (1888) Xmas No. 23. Chs.1,
Not.1 Lin. I'm clear bet, PEACOCK John Mackenfield (1872) 127 ;
I'm aboot bet out, FENN Cure of Souls (1889) 42. n.Lin. Just when
I was bet, PEACOCK Tales and Rhymes (1886) 79 ; nXin.1 sw.Lin.1
What with my markets [marketings] and my two little ones I felt
quiet bet. Lei.1 A meagre, low, degraded set, . . . For ever and
for ever bet, WRIGHT Poems. 23. War.3, Cmb. (J.D.R.)
8. ppl. adj. Beaten, bruised. See Beat.
Nhb.1 He canna gan se fast ; he hes a bet foot.
4. Comp. (i) Bet(t-ginger, ginger bruised in a mortar ;
(2) -iron, wrought iron ; (3) -lick, the conquering blow ;
(4) -loaf, bread made with beaten eggs and sugar.
(i) Cum. (M.P.) (2) w.Yks. This machine is made a spring
steel an' bet iron, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1849) 47.
(3) Sc. The bogle was like to hae the giein' o' the bet-lick, ROY
Horseman (1895) i. (4) n.Yks.2
[1. Grammere for gurles ich gart furst wryte, And bet
hem with a baleyse, P. Plowman (c.) xn. 124. 2. je shall
be bette and boune in bande, York Plays (c. 1400) 131.]
BETAKE, v. Sc. Lan. [b'ita'k.]
1. To hand over, commit ; to inflict.
n.Sc. I betook him a swack across the back ' W.G.). w. & s.Sc.
I'll jist betak ye to the bogle (JAM.).
2. re/I. To resort, have recourse to.
n.Sc. Fin nae ither thing widd dee she betook hersel t'greetan
[weeping] (W.G. . w. & s.Sc. Weel, weel ! sin ye'll no richt me,
I'll betak me to the Court o' Session (JAM.).
3. To overtake, capture, recover. Also re/I, to recover
oneself.
n.Sc. It wiz jist o' ma tung t'say something, bit a' betook masel
(W.G.S. Bnff.1 He misca'ed a word, bit he betook himsel' at aince
(s.v. Betack). w. & s.Sc. If ye gang fast ye'll betak him within
an hour. The deil betak ye. When a" the ills of eild betak ye
i'jAM.). Lan. Aw know naw what betook th' owd lad, HARLAND
Wilsons (1865) 50.
[1. I betake the to Crist, P. Plowman (A.) xi. 162. 2.
Each one betake him to his rest, SHAKS. Per. n. iii. 115.
3. Now may ;e se Betane the starkest pu'ndelan, BARBOUR
Bruce (1375) in. 159.]
BETANY, sb. w.Yks.2 A bottle-shaped wicker
basket or bunch of twigs forming a kind of sieve, used in
brewing. See Betwan.
BETCHELL, v. Sc. To beat. Hence Betchellan,
vbl. sb. a beating.
Sc. Than did I betchell thame sma' as the stour afore the wund,
RIDDELL.PS. (i857)xviii.42. Rxb. Gee'im aguidbetchellaniJW.G.).
BETE, see Beat.
BETEEM, v. Glo. Also written beteeme, beteme.
[biti-m.]
1. To bestow, to indulge with.
Glo. Won't you beteme a small matter upon a poor body ?
GROSE (1790) MS. add. ^M.); I can beteeme she any thing,
SMYTH Lives of Berkeleys (ed. 1885) III. 24 ; Glo.12
2 To demean, lower.
n.Glo. I am not going to beteem myself (H.S. II.).
[1. Rain which I could well Beteem them from the
tempest of mine eyes, SHAKS. M. N. D. i. i. 131 ; So would
I ... Beteeme to you this sword, SPENSER F. Q. n. viii. 19.]
BETEESH, see Betweesh.
BETHANK, sb. Sc.
1. Thanks, acknowledgement.
Ayr. Withouten a bethank, he hobbled on his way, GALT Lairds
,1826) iv.
2. In phr. in your bethank, indebted to you.
Ayr. I am none in your bethank for the courtesy, Spaeviife
1823) II. 244 (JAM.).
[1 he same as bethank, vb. They must climb Into your
bosom, to bethank their friend, BARNES Elegy (1593) in
Arber's Gamer, V. 412. Be- + thank (sb.).]
BETHANKED, phr. Sc. Gen. written bethankit.
God be thanked.
Sc. A' the houses on Tivieside — bethankit they arena mony —
have been flooded, WHITEHEAD Daft Davie (1876) 126, ed. 1894.
e.Lth. Scots folk are no' like the Irish, bethankit, HUNTER J. Imvick
(l895) !74- Ayr. Then auld guidman, maist like to rive, Bethankit
hums, BURNS To a Haggis.
BETHART, see Bethout.
BETHEIKIT,/./.. Sc. [bibrkit.] Thatched.
Rnf. A house, betheikit a' wi' strae, BARR Poems (1861) 178.
[Be- + theikit, pp. of theik (vb.), q.v.]
BETHERSHIN, int. phr. Irel. An expletive, it may
be so. See Baithershin.
Ir. Bethershin : don't I know her as well as my right hand ?
YEATS Flk-Tales '1888 210.
BETHINK, v. Sc. Yks. Lan. Also Som. Cor.
BETHOUT
BETTER
II
1. To call to mind, recollect ; to think ; gen. used
reflex.
Sc. JAM. Sup/!/.); In common use (W.G.). n.Yks.2 Now
when I bethink me. Pt. t. Bethowt; as, 'I bethowt myself.'
w.Yks. This doin Miss Blossom, all at once, Bethowt hur who shoo
wor, PRESTON Poems (1872) Poll Blossom ; Johnny bethowt
him they'd want summat for t'floor, Yks. Factory Times (Aug. 2,
1889) 5 ; Just bethink tha, if it wasn't so i J.T.'i ; w.Yks.1 Lan.
Eaur Betty an me . . . Bethowt us we'd have hawve a day at
Belle Vue, LAYCOCK Sags. (i866) 28; Lan.1 Hast bethowt thi yet?
Han yo bethowten yoursells ? Aw've seen him afore, that's sartin ;
but, for mi loife, aw conno bethink me wheer. w.Som.1 The
pres. tense, bethink, is not used except with the meaning, to
begrudge: never to express recollection. The strong forms of the
fret, and pp. bethought, or freq. bethoughted, are used in the sense
of remembered, recollected. They do not necessarily require the re-
flex, form. ' Hon I come to think it over. I bethoughted all about it.'
2. To remind.
n.Yks.2 Wheea bethowt thee ?
3. To begrudge ; to abstain from.
Som. I did'n bethink'n o't, although a did turn roun' upon me,
PULMAN Sketches (1842") 79, ed. 1871; He bethink'd I but every-
thing, W. & J. Gl. (1873); An er did bethink I the mossel o'
vood. JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng. (1869). w.Som.1 Ee wiid-n nuvur
beedhing'k dhu muun-ee [he would never begrudge the money].
Ee ded-n beedhing'k tu au'lur, vur au-I ee ded-n aa'rlee tich oa
un [he did not abstain from (or begrudge himself the satisfaction
of) crying out (to halloo), though he scarcely touched him]. This
phrase means more than this ; it implies that he bellowed very
loudly for a very slight blow. When used in the above senses the
past tense is always formed, either by the periphrastic did, as in
the example above given, or by the weak forms of the perf. and
past part., and the construction is gen. neg. as above. Cor. That
day week I had not a bird left ; everybody said they was bethought
me, and I suppose they were, HUNT Pop. Rom. w.Eng. (,1865)
II. 80.
[1. And now I do bethink me, it was she First told me,
SHAKS. Twelfth Nt. v. i. 356. 2. pis word uader be bebengb
f:et |;ou art zone, Ayenbite (1340) 100. 3. That your majesty
may neverhave cause ... to withdraw or bethink the liberty
given us, Land. Gaz. (1687) No. 2252 (N.E.D.).]
BETHOUT, prep, and conj. Yks. Stf. Also in the forms
bethart, bi-oot, bi-owt, bithoot, bithout.
1. prep. Without.
n.Yks. Bithout bein' tell'd about ought, BROWNE Poems (1800)
154. w.Yks.5 Fleeing art bethart thee bonnet ! flossy dolly !
Stf.2 Wot didst gQ biait mei far ?
2. conj. Unless.
e.Yks.1 He weeant gan, bi-oot Ah diz an-all [he won't go un-
less I do also]. Stf.2 Oi wunar tel dhi, biait theit promiz not
far kant.
BETH WINE, sb. Also in form bethwind Glo. (i)
Clematis vitalba, wild clematis (Glo. Sus. Hmp.) ; (2) Con-
volvulus sepium (Glo. Bck. Mid. Hmp.); (3) Polygonum
convolvulus (Hmp.). Cf. beswind.
(i) Glo.12, Sus.1 (2) Glo. (S.S.B.1 w.Mid. The fires being . . .
bottomed with twitch-grass, bethwine. cat's-tail, and fifty other
kinds of weed, BLACKMORE Kit (1890) I. xix. Hmp.1
BETID, v. Chs. [biti'd.] Past tense; befell, hap-
pened.
Chs.1 I canna think whatever betid me for t'do it.
[Not so much perdition as an hair Betid to any creature,
SHAKS. Temp. i. li. 31 ; It fel in my remembraunce That
him bitidde swich mischaunce, CHAUCER R. Rose, 1548.
ME. bitidde, pret. of bidden, to happen.]
BETIMED,/>/>. w.Yks.2 Exhausted by fatigue.
BETIME(S, adv.1 Yks. Lin. Nhp. Glo. Som. Dev. Also
in the forms betahmes n.Yks. ; by times Nhp.1 Early.
n.Yks. T'next mooanin" tha wer astir betahmes, TWEDDELL
Clevel. Rhymes (1875) 87, ed. 1892. n.Lin.' You mun call me
betimes i' th' mornin'. Nhp.1 I was up by times this morning.
Glo. Here have we been hurrying to get you in betime, GISSING
V\U. Hantpden (1890) III. xiii. w.Som.1 Muyn un bee dhae'ur
beetuym [mind and be there early]. ' Betimes ' is never used.
Dev. Thee must take it in hand betimes, O'NEILL Idylls ( 1892) 78.
[To business that we love we rise betime, SHAKS. A. &* C.
iv. iv. 20 ; Betimes in the morning I will beseech the
virtuous Desdemona, ib. Oth. n. iii. 335.]
BETIMES, adv.3 Sc. Irel. Stf. Lei. Nhp. War. Hnt.
Also in the form by times Lei.1 Nhp.1 War.8 Hnt At
times, occasionally.
Hdg. Betimes it dawked and then the sun would couch behind
the cloud-blanket again, LUMSDEN Sheep Head, 302. s.Wxf. No
wondher he does be so hard on the road contractors for the slaumin
he gets goin' these roads betimes, Shamrock Mag. (Mar. 3, 1894)
360. Stf.1 Lei.1 A'd oon'y 'ad a drop or tew, ... as a man mut
do by times. Nhp.1 I call by times. War.3 I'm better now,
but I am very bad by times. Hnt. (T.P.F.)
BE TO, see Bood.
BETOUCH-US-TOO, phr. used as int. Obs. Sc. Alas !
Well-a-day !
Lnk. Betouch-us-too ! and weel I wat that's true, RAMSAY Gentle
Shep. (1725) 67, ed. 1783.
BETSEY, sb. Ken. The plant Yarrow, Achillea mille-
folium.
e.Ken. (G.G.)
BETT, see Beat.
BETTER, v. Sc. Cum. Yks.
1. To improve, amend ; intr. with prep, on : to recover.
Sc. Naethin' short o' a meiracle'll better me, STEEL Rowans
'1895^ 40. Cum.1 He wadn't hev done't if he could hev better't it.
n.Yks.2 e.Yks.1 We'd gin her up, bud she'll betther-on't noo.
Hence Bettering, vbl. sb. amendment.
Yks. He's ta'en a turn to betterin' sin' he came out here to be
nursed, GASKELL Sylvia (1863) III. 89.
2. To overcome. Cf. best.
n.Yks.2 It better'd me. w.Yks. (C.C.R.)
[1. Dedicated to ... the bettering of my mind, SHAKS.
Temp. i. ii. 90. 2. Since he is better'd, we have therefore
odds, ib. Hamlet, v. ii. 274.]
BETTER, sb. Yks. Der. A superior, one in a higher
position.
w.Yks. He's his better, to look at (C.C.R.). nw.Der.1 Used
particularly of magistrates. Aw'l tak thCe afore thy betters.
Hence Betterings, superiors, those in a higher position.
m.Yks.1 He's none so keen of going among his betterin's.
[His better doth not breathe upon the earth, SHAKS.
Rich. Ill, i. ii. 140; To ordre myself lowely and reuerently
to al my betters, Bk. Com. Prayer (1549) Catech.]
BETTER, adj. Sc. Irel. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf. Also Som. Dev. Cor. Also in form betther. e.Yks.1
1. Greater; gen. in phr. better part.
Sc. The better part of the bottle of old port, SCOTT St. Ronan
(1824) ix. n.Yks.2 He's t'better faal [fool]. w.Yks. (J.T.)
2. Of clothes: finer than ordinary.
Cum., Wm. Better bib and tucker ' M.P.).
3. Of the hand or foot : the right. n.Yks.1 Cf. best foot.
4. Redupl. compar. Betterer.
Dev. Nothin' kan be betterer than that, BENNETT Stable Boy
( 1888) viii. Cor. How much betterer es thy love then wine !
NETHERTON Sng. Sol. (1859) iv. 10.
5. Comb, (i) Better end, the higher classes ; a superior
kind ; the greater part, majority; (2) — fashion, recovering
from illness; (3) — fit, it would be better if: better; (4)
•gates, in a better manner ; (5) — hoyle, a parlour ; (6)
•like, better looking ; more promising ; (7) — penny,
something in addition; (8) --side (of), more than; (9)
— again, still better; (10) —sort, the upper classes,
superior folk.
li) Nhb.1 The better-end o' Catton canna get thor brikfasts till
the hens lays. w.Yks. Better end of a score (J.T.). Lan. She
packed up my clothes, and some of the better end of her own,
GASKELL M. Barton (1848 iv. e.Lan.1 m.Lan.1 s.v. Quality.
Chs.1 Better end of folk. s.Chs.1 Dhem)z dhu pyooz w6eur dhu
befur end sit-n [them's the pews wheer the better end sitten].
Stf.2 Thee'rs aa soorts o folks as work on a potbank, but th'
peenters and gilders are th' better end. (2) Chs.1 (3 "I w.Som.1
Bad-rfiit dhai-d muyn dhuroa-n buz'nees [it would be better if they
would mind their own business]. Dev. Better fit 'er'd bide 'ome an'
mind 'er work, HEWETT Peas, Sp. (1892) ; Dev.3 Cor.1 You'd
better-fit ha' done what I told 'ee ; Cor.3 I believe it always comes
at beginning of phr.. as' Better fit you'd ha' done what I told 'ee.'
(4) Sc. I would hae waired my siller better-gates than that,
STEVENSON Calriona (1892) i. (5) w.Yks. She took him into
t'better hoyle, Nidderdale Aim. (i87gY (6) n.Yks.2 T'eeans
a better-like body than t'other. e.Yks.1 (7) n.Yks.2 He's as
K k 2
BETTER
[252]
BETTY
rich as him, an t'better penny. (8) Chs.1 Better side fifty ; Chs.3
We haven't seen him for the better side of a fortnight. (9) N.I.1
(10) w.Yks. It seems she washed clothes for some of the better
sort, SNOWDEN Web Weaver, xii ; Better sort o' t'wahr mak
[superior members of the working classes], Leeds Merc. Sufpl.
(Sept. 26, 1891).
[1. You are as a candle, the better part burnt out, SHAKS.
2 Hen. IV, iv. iii. 27. 5. (3) It would better fit your honour
to change your mind, ib. Much Ado, in. ii. 119.]
BETTER, adv. Sc. Irel. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Stf. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo.
Oxf. Brks. SUE. Hmp. Som. Dev.
1. Quite recovered from illness, well.
Cav. He's improved in health, but not quite better (M.S.M.).
n.Dur. Oh yes, I am better, but I'm not better (J.W.H.). Cum.
(M.P.) ne.Yks.1 Ah feels quiet betther. e.Yks.1 w.Yks. fflfx.
Wds.; w.Yks.3 Chs.1 The word 'better' is not gen. used to indicate
partial recovery; in that case we often say 'mending.' s.Not.
He wor badly when I seed 'im last, but now Vs quite better
(J.P.K.) sw.Lin.1 Oh, no, I'm not better, but I'm not so bad as
I was. He's mending, but he's not better yet.
Z. Repeatedly, with renewed effort.
Ayr. And she read, and she better read till she read all the
better, GALT Annals(i8ai) xii. Edb. How to exhibit all his purple
and fine linen, he aye thought and better thought, MOIR Mansie
Wauch (1828) ii. Dmf. The sun it raise and better raise, CROMEK
Nithsdale Sng. (1810) Eve Lights. Gall. We rode and we better
rode. CROCKETT Moss-Hags (1895) 64. n.Yks.2 It was mended
and better mended. m.Yks.1 w.Yks. It rained and better rained,
Yks. Wkly. Post (July 4, 1896 . ; w.Yks.3 Lan. Aw groapt ogen,
and bettur groapt, but it wur no yuse, Sam Sondnokkur. 20 ; I've
tried and better-tried to get it from her, GASKELL M. Barton (1848)
xxiv. s.Chs.1
3. Of quantity or time : more ; gen. used with nor, or
than.
Sc. He had a double quart of Canary and better in his pate,
Scorr Nigel (1822) xxxv. N.I.1 He gave me better nor a dozen.
Cum. How deep's the stream? — It's better ner eight foot abuin
t'brig (E.W.P.); Cum.1, Wm.1 Yks. Old Elias Dickenson is
better an two years yoonger than me (F.P.T.). ne.Yks.1 w.Yks.
Ther wor better nor a hundred fowk at t'gala, Leeds Merc. Sn/>f>l.
(Sept. 26, 1891) ; He's been seekin a job for eleven week an' better,
Yksman. Comic Ann. (1878) 43 ; w.Yks.12, Chs.13, Stf.12 s.Not.
A fortnit ago, ay or better nor that, PRIOR Rente (1895) 191. Not.1,
n.Lin.1, sw.Lin.1, Lei.1, Nhp.1 War.2 Better than ten minutes to
twelve [nearer to the hour] ; War.3, se.Wor.1, Shr.1, Hrf.1
Glo. Rather better nor a mile an' a half yere-from, BUCKMAN
Darkens Sojourn ( 1890) xi ; Glo.1, Oxf.1, Brks.1 Sur. I've bin postSe
these two year nor better, BICKLEY Sur. Hills (1890) I. i ; The
expression ' nor better ' is very uncommon, but is occas. so used
(T.S.C.). Hmp.(H.C.M.B.) Som. 'Tes but little better 'an a mile,
RAYMOND Love and Quiet Life (1894) 34. w.Som.1 Twuz bad'r-n
dree u klau-k [it was past three o'clock]. Dev. If I beant horn
in a week, or zay rayther better, HOGG Poet. Lett. (1847) ist S. 9,
ed. 1858.
4. In phr. (i) / am better to, I had better, it is better for
me to ; (2) better worth, worth more, higher in price.
(i) Ir. (G.M.H.) (a) w.Som.1 The sheep were rather better
worth, especially breeding ewes, Wellington Wkly. News (Aug. 19,
1886).
5. Irreg. super!. Betterest
Yks. Yey'll like yur owhn room, sir, beturist, MACQUOID Doris
Barugh (1877) ix.
BETTERLY, adj. Dur. Yks. Stf. Shr. Better;
superior.
Dur.1 A betterly sort of day. w.Yks. They're betterly folk, LUCAS
Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882). Str.2 Well, Willum, an 'ousyer feyther?
—Oh, 'e's in a much more betterly wee to-dee, thank yer. Shr.1
'E's got the garden in a betterly condition than 'is faither 'ad.
BETTERMENT, sb. Sc. Cum. Yks. Lin. Also Som.
Cor. Also written betthament e.Yks.1 Improvement.
Sc. I gied ye up, an' if it's for yer betterment, I mauna complain,
SWAN Gates of Eden (1895) xvl- Cum. There's some betterment in
the weather, CAINE Shad. Crime (1885) 33- n.Yks.2 e.Yks.
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 4 ; e.Yks.1 n.Lin.1 Th' doctors says
he's better, but I can't see noa betterment in him. w.Som.1
w.Cor. She's left home for the betterment of her condition (M.A.C.).
[Betterment (a bad word), the act of making better, ASH
(1795)-]
BETTERMER, see Bettermore.
BETTERMORE, adj. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Not. Lin. Ken. Sur. Also written bettamy Sur.1; better-
mer n.Yks.1 ne.Lan.1 ; bettermy, betthama Yks. ; bet-
tremer Wm. Superior ; better.
Nhb. The shape and air o' yen O raither bettermer condition,
WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) 43 ; Nhb.1 Aa thowt he leuk'd iv
a bettermer way. Dur.1 His bettermore coat Cum. There's a
bettermer law than that o' mon, LINTON Lizzie Lorton (1867) xxv ;
The bettermer swort sat snug in the parlour, ANDERSON Ballads
(1808) 66 ; Cum.1 Wm. [She was] for all the world the bettermer
part of an old farm-wife, RAWNSLEY Rent. Wordsworth (1884) VI.
164; A bettermer sooart a yung men, S/w. (i88s)pt. iii. 26; Better-
more clothes, ELLIS Pronunc. (1889) V. 599 ; Wm.1 n.Yks.'
Bettermy is the form in current use. n.Yks.2 Neean o' your
common soort, but quite a bettermy body. ne.Yks.1 They're
bettermy folks. e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1, ne.Lan.1 Not. The bettermy
sort of folk, AT. & Q. (1890) 7th S. x. 72. n.Lin.1 She's gotten her
bettermore behaaviour on to-daay wi' her Sunda' goon. Ken.1
Sur.1 Bettamy kind o' folks.
BETTERMOST, adj. and sb. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Stf. Der.
Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. Brks. Ess. Sus. Hmp. Dor.
Som. Dev. Cor. Also written bettermus n.Dev. ; -must
Ess.1 ; -mwoast Brks.1 ; betthamost e.Yks.1
1. adj. superl. Best. Also used as sb.
Ir. He'd the bettermost sort o' bad luck, BARLOW Bog-land ( 1892)
40. Nhb^Aathinkye'vegetten thebettermostyen. n. Yks.2, e.Yks.1
Stf.1 ; Stf.2 'E kills a corf in th' bettermost fashion as ivver oi s£d
onybody i' mi life. Der. Come of bettermost sort of people,
VERNEY Stone Edge (1868) i. s.Not. The bettermost people allus
goes to chutch (J.P.K. ). n.Lin. The club where the bettermost
parties go of a night time, PEACOCK J. Markenfield (1872) III. 99.
Lei.1, War.23, s. War.1, Shr.1 Ess. Only applied to clothes. Incur
bettermust, CLARK /. Noakes (1839) st. 51 ; Ess.1, Sus.2 Hmp.
In use at Medstead, N. & Q. (1854) ist S. x. 401. Dor. BARNES
Gl. (1863); Dor.1 Bettermost voke. Cor. Used at Polperro,
N. & Q. (1854) ist S. x. 179; Cor.1 My better-most dress. The
better-most people were there.
2. In compar. sense : better, superior, greater ; almost
but not quite the best.
m.Yks.1 Are they well off ?— Aye, they are of the bettermost sort.
Stf.2 FarmerShufflebotham'slostth'bettermostef[haIf] on'istaters
wi' th' frost. sw.Lin.1 When I was young, I was in bettermost
places. Lei.1 Nhp.1 She has her bettermost gown on to-day. The
use of this word is limited to apparel. Shr.1 Well, Mary, 'ow fare
did'n 'ee sen" yore naint? — W'y the bettermost 'afe o' the way.
Brks.1 We was the bettermwoast haafe of a daay a-doin' 'ont.
Sus.1 Gen. qualified by the word 'rather.' The new people who
have come to live down at the cottage seem rather bettermost
sort of folks. Hmp.1 Som. They be our bettermost vauk, JENNINGS
Dial. w.Eng. (1869). w.Som.1 Dhai wuz au'l bad-rmaus soa-urt u
voaks luyk [they were all very respectable people, but not quite
the highest class]. I 'spose 'tis the bad'rmoo'ees way vor to wrop-m
up [i. e. a burst pipe] ; but the bestest wid be vor to cut-n out.
Dev. Now dii yu zim that tha passen's wive and tha bettermost zort
ov vokes be agwaine to 'ave ort til zay tQ they ? HEWETT Peas.
Sp. (1892); Dev.1 Cor. 'Twas a strange-looking party, dressed
i' black— a better-most body, like, 'Q.' Troy Town (1888) xix.
3. sb. The advantage, upper hand.
Cor.2 I got the bettermost of him.
BETTERMY, see Bettermore.
BETTERNESS, sb. Sc. Cum. Yks. Lin. Also Som.
Also written bettirness (JAM.). Amendment, gen. in
respect of health.
Sc. GAM.) Cum.1 Theer's nea betterness in t'weather yit.
n-Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 As for my ailment, I feel neea betterness
in't. e.Yks.1 Ah deean't see mitch bettherness tiv him. m.Yks.1,
w.Yks.1 Lin. STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes (1884) 317. n.Lin.
Ther'll be noa betterness o' th' complaaint he's gotten awhilst he's
munny to slatter awaay (M.P.) ; n-Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 I doubt there'll
never be no betterness. w.Som.1 Lat-s zee u lee-dl bad-mess een
dhiish yuur wuurk, mils yiie- un aay shl vaa'l aewt [let us see
a little improvement in this work, else you and I shall fall out].
BETTHER, see Better.
BETTREMER, see Bettermore.
BETTY, sb. Yks. Nhp. War. Shr. Lon. e.An. Slang.
[be-ti.]
1. A country lass.
n.Yks.2 Jooahns an' Betties.
BETTY
[253]
BEUCH
H
2. A nickname for the kettle. Cf. Sukey.
e.An.1 Nrf. Nrf. Arch. ^1879) VIII. 168. Suf. That's the saucepan
calling the kettle Betty Black (F.H.).
3. An instrument, used in washing, fixed on a tub to let
clothes drain through. Nhp.2
4. The hedge-sparrow. s.War.1
5. An implement for opening door-locks, a burglar's tool;
a 'jemmy.'
Lon. They have a jemmy, a cutter, a dozen of betties, better
known as picklocks, MA\- HEW Land. Labour (1862) IV. 339. Slang.
N. & Q. (1894) 8th S. vi. 138, 386; (P.R.)
6. Comp. (i) Betty-cat, a she-cat ; (2) -tit, the titmouse.
(i) Suf. (F.H.) (2) e.An.1
7. Phr. Betty go to bed at noon, the common Star of
Bethlehem, Ornithogalum umbellatum.
Shr.1 Also called Peep-o'-day.
[5. Betty, an instrument to open doors, COLES (1677).]
BETTY, v. Lan. e.An. [be'ti.] To idle ; to do petty
work.
Lan. Chs. N. & Q. (1882) II. 89. e-An.1 Nrf. (A.G.F.) ; (G.E.D.)
Suf. I don't want har a betty-en about my back'us haaf the
mohren, e.An. Dy. Times (1892).
[The same as Betty, sb.]
BETUNE, see Between.
BETURIST, see Better.
BETWAN, sb. Stf.1 A bottle-shaped strainer, drawn
over the spigot in a mash-tub for straining beer. Also
called batwell, betany, strum, q. v.
BETWATTLED, ppl. adj. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Nhp.
Som. Dev. Cor. Also in forms bedwadled Dev. ; bed-
waddled Cor.2; betoatled Dev.; betotled Dev.1; be-
tottled n.Yks.12 ; betrattlt Cum. ; bewattled Cor.1
1. Confused, distressed, bewildered, stupid.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Cum. An' lasses whilly-
liltit out As they hed been betrattl't, GILPIN Ballads (1866) 277.
n. Yks.1 Ah's fairly betwattled and baffounded ; n.Yks.2 ne.Lan.1,
Nhp.1 Som. JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng. (1869) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873^.
Dev. That be what makes me badwadled about you, BARING-GOULD
J. Herring (1888) 288 ; Trans. Phil. Soc. (1858) 149 ; Dev.1 n.Dev.
What a vengance ! wart betwatled, Exm. Scold. (1746) I. 4. Cor.
Thee art betwattled, JANTRENOODLE Spec. (1846) 52 ; Cor.12
2. Hardly sober. n.Yks.2
[Be- + (wattled, see Twattle, v.}
BETWEEN,/re/. and adv. Sc. Ir. Cum. Yks. Chs. Lin.
War. Wor. OxfT Som. Dev. Cf. atween.
1. prep. On account of, owing to.
Ir. Faith, I've barked my shin purty well betune yees ! Paddiana
(1848) I. 131.
2. Comp. (i) Between-hands, at intervals; cf. among-
hands ; (2) -while(s, in the interval, at intervals.
(i) Abd. Between hands thinkin vvi' himsel', How blest he'll be,
BEATTIES Parings (1801) 25, ed. 1893. sw.Lin.1 He only takes his
medicine, and a little port-wine between-hands. (2) Cum.1, n.Yks.2,
m.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 ; w.Yks.5 Ah went tul Bradford o' Monday an'
staad wal Thursday : betweenwhiles, ah happened to leet on an
owd maate. Brekfast at eight, dinner at twelve, an' plenty to heit
atweenwhiles. Chs.1 n.Lin.1 She teaches school an' duz sowin'
betweanwhiles. War.2 I shall have to finish knitting this stocking
betweenwhiles. Oxf.1 Uuy mudlz ubuuwt in muuy gyaa'rdn
bitweenwuuylz [I muddles about in my gyarden betweenwhiles].
w.Som.1 Yiie kn due ut vuuree wuul twee-n wuyulz [you can do
it very well at spare moments].
3. Phr. (i) Between and, expressing temporal or local
relation, with omission of first sb. ; (2) — the lights, twilight ;
(3) — the two worlds, almost unconscious ; (4) — town and
town, while going from one place to another ; (5) — two
minds, in doubt or suspense ; (6) — you and I and the gate-
post, between ourselves.
(i) w.Yks. Between and Christmas, Hlfx. Wds.\ w.Yks.1 Thou
may lite omme between and Martlemas, i.e. between this time and
Martinmas ; w.Yks.3 Between and next week. He catch'd cat
between and the wall, and killed it (s.v. Thropple). (2) s.Ir. It
was fairly between lights, the day was clean gone, CROKER Fairy
Leg. (1862) 236. s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890). Oxf.1 JUS. add.
(3) Dev. I was faint, but did not quite lose myself. I was like some
one ' between the two worlds,' Reports Provinc. (1893). (4) s.Wor.
You'll lose your tea between town and town [going from a house
where it's ready to another where he may be too late] (H.K.).
(5) s.Ir. I was between two minds about staying or going, CROKER
Fairy Leg. (1862) 287. (6) Oxf.1 Bitwee'n yoo un uuy un dhu
gyet-pwust [between you an' I an' the get-pwust].
4. adv. At intervals, here and there.
Som. 'Twas overgrown now, an' a rheglar puzzle garden . . .
with pretty pink kiss-me-quicks between, LEITH Lemon Verbena
(,1895) loo.
[4. Each beauteous flow'r, Iris all hues, roses and
jessamine, Rear'd high their flourish'd heads between,
And wrought Mosaic, MILTON P. L. iv. 699.]
BETWEESH, prep. Sc. Irel. Between. Cf. atweesh.
Abd. And for himsel to mak the plainer road, Betweesh them sae,
Ross //<*«o>r (1768) n6,ed. 1812. Wxf.1 Beteesh a Keaaneberry-
bushe [gooseberry bush] an a ellena-ghou [elder-tree], 106.
BETWELL, see Batwell.
BETWENGED, ppl. adj. Yks. Of cattle: swollen,
suffering from a swelling. See Twinge.
w.Yks. The cattle are subject to a disease which causes them to
swell up about the eyes and tail, when they are said to be
betwenged, LUCAS Zoologist (1879) 3rd S. III. 355; ib. Stud.
Nidderdale (c. 1882) ii.
BETWIT.v. Nhp. Hmp. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. [bitwi't]
To upbraid, to taunt.
Nhp.1, Hmp.1 Wil. BRITTON Beauties (1825) ; Wil.1 w.Dor.
ROBERTS Hist. Lyme Regis (1834). Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873) ;
The snite need not the woodcock betwite, RAY Prov. (1678) 344.
Dev. MOORE Hist. Dev. (1829) I. 353. n.Dev. Us wur betwitting
Bob to-day, ROCK Jim an' Nell 1867) st. 68.
Hence Betwitting, vbl. sb. upbraiding, reproach.
Som. Doose thee thenk I can bear the betwitten o" thic pirty
maid ? JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng. (1869) 147.
[Strange how these men . . . betwitt and reproach one
another, PEPYS Diary (Apr. 2, 1661). Be- + twit (to
taunt).]
BETWITCHELLED, pp. Chs.1 Overcome with in-
quisitiveness.
BETWITTERED, pp. w.Yks.2 Excited, frightened,
overcome with pleasing excitement.
[Be- + twittered, pp. of twitter (to tremble), q. v.]
BETWEX(T, prep. Irel. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Not. Lin.
Lei. Nhp. War. Shr.Glo. Lon. e.An. Sus. Hmp. Som. Dev.
Also in forms bechuxt Lon. ; bequixt e.An.1 [bitwi'ks (t.J
1. Between. See Atwixt.
Ir. Och, the world's differ there is betuxt thim an' our own
dirty Irish buckeens, CARLETON Traits Peas. (1843) 1. 418. w.Yks.
Betwixt you and me, LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) 235.
Lan. Betwixt you and me, BRIERLEY Cotters, xiii. Chs.1 nXin.1
I met him e' th' laane betwix Greenhoe an' th' brick-yard. Shr.1
'Er's a mighty pretty 'eifer ; yo 66nna see a better betwix this an
'ereford. Glo.1 Lon. We may sill bechuxt us from two to three
dozen ropes a day, MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) I. 94. e.An.12,
Suf. (F.H.)
2. Phr. (i) Betwixt and between, neither the one thing nor
the other, intermediate ; shuffling ; (2) to go betwixt the oak
and the rind, to shuffle, to trim ; (3) betwixt you and me and
the gate, between ourselves.
(?) Not.1 n.Lin.' Was it daayleet or dusk ?— Well, just betwixt
an' betwean. He's what I call a betwixt an' betwean soort'n
a man. Lei.1 How are the oats this year?— Well, they're oonly
betwixt and between, loike, this turn. How old is your eldest,
Mrs. H. ?— Why, a' s just betwixt and between, like,— hobbadehoy,
naythur man nur boy. Nhp.1, War.3 e.An., Sus., Hmp. HOLLO-
WAY. w-Som.1 He's like zome o' the rest o-m. all betwix-n-
between, nother one way nor tother. Dev. Ted'n zactly black,
nor yet blue, but betwix' an' between, PHILLPOTTS Bill Vogwell
in Blk. and White (June 27, 1896) 824. (2) w.Som.1 Tidn no good
to reckon 'pon he ; he do like to go betwix th' oak and the rind.
[1. Out at your window betwixt twelve and one, SHAKS.
Much Ado, iv. i. 85 ; Be-twyx him and loth his neuow,
Cursor M. (c. 1300) 2443. OE. betweox (-twyx).]
BETWIXEN, prep. Yks. Between.
e.Yks.1 Van on em must ha brokken it : it's betwixen em.
[Betwixen adamauntes two ... a pece of iren y-set,
CHAUCER Part. Foules, 148. OE. betweoxn ; cp. G. swischen.]
BEUCH, sb. Sc.
1. The bow of a boat or ship. Also in comp. Beuch-
oarsman, an oarsman in the bow. Bnflf.1
BEUF
[254]
SEVER
2. A person, individual.
Bnff.1 Fouareye? — Ou, jist hirplin' awa ; a'm jist an aul' eesless
cripple beuch.
[This word repr. (i) lit.E. bow (of a ship), (2) lit.E.
bough (of a tree), both of which are der. fr. the same type,
represented by OE. boh (bog-) ; cp. G. bug, shoulder, bow
(of a ship).]
BEUF, see Beugh.
BEUGH, sb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lin. Also in form beuf
n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1 m.Yks.1 ; bew Wm. Cum. n.Lin.1 In pi.
beuvs n.Yks.2 [bin, biuf.] A branch or bough of a tree.
Cf. beuch.
Com. n gang up to t'pome-tree, I'l tak hod o' t'bews ont,
DICKINSON Sng. Sol. (1859) vii. 8 ; T'warblin birds Are tutelin'
t'leafy bews amang, GWORDIK GREEHUP Rhymes 1,1876) 3 ; Each
man ruove doun a beugh, STAGG Misc. Poems \ 1805) 40, ed. 1807 ;
Cum.1 Wm. On a hurdle o' bews i' rude pomp they conveyed
him, WHITEHEAD Leg. (1859) 34. n.Yks.2. ne.Yks.1 e.Yks.
Beughs o' big esh three, at cooaner, meead it as dahk as pick,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. ,1889) 32 ; e.Yks.1 m.Yks.1 Lin. STREAT-
FEILD Lin. and Danes (1884) 113. n.Lin. She climbs up, an' hides
hersen i' th' beughs, PEACOCK Tales and Rhymes ^1886) 74 ; n-Lin.1
BEUGLE, see Bugle.
BEUK, see Book.
BEUN, sec Aboon.
BEUSE, see Boose.
BEUST, sb. Sc. (JAM. Suppl. ) Two years old grass ;
grass withered from having stood through the winter.
Hence Beusty, adj. half-withered, dry.
Gall. Is there a Galloway farmer who does not know what
a tuft of beusty grass is ? Gall. Encyclo.
BEUST, see Buist.
BEUVINGS, see Bavin.
BEVAAR, v. S. & Ork.1 To protect, to guard.
[Da. bevare, to keep, preserve ; cp. OE. bewarian.]
BEVEL, sb.1 and adj. Nhb. Shr. e.An. Written bevil
Shr." e.An.1 [be'vl, be'yil.J
1. sb. A slope, a declivity.
Nhb. Doon the Side a duzzy [dizzy] bevvil, CHATER Tyneside
Aim. (1869) 7 ; (R.O.H.1 Shr.2 e.An.1 The road is laid on
a bevil, i.e. highest in the middle.
2. adj. Aslant, not straight.
Nhb.1 A ' bevel-eye/ an eye with a cast.
BEVEL, sb." Sc. Nhb. A strong push, a staggering
blow. Cf. bevelling.
Sc. And gave him . . . Three bevels till he gard him beck,
PENNECUIK Poems (1715) 92 (JAM.). Fif. Naething gain but . . .
ban's and bevels, TENNANT Pnfisity (,1837) 154. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
BEVEL, v. Sh.I. To fit, apply, suit.
Sh.I. In common use (K.I.). S. & Ork.1
BEVELLING, sb. Lan. A beating. Cf. bevel, sb.2
ne.Lan.1 He gev him a gud bcvellin'.
BEVER, sb.1 and v. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Nhp. Wor. Glo.
Oxf. Brks. Bdf. Ken. I.W. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also
in form baiver (JAM.); biver s. Wor.1 w.Wor.1 Oxf.1 Brks.1
Wil.1 Dor.1 Cor.1; bivver Nhb.1 Glo.1 I.W.18 w.Som.1 Dev.1
nw.Dev.1 [be'va(r), brva(r).]
1. sb. A shiver, tremor ; a state of trembling.
N.Cy.1 It's a' iv a biwer. Nhb.1 Cum. Through my young
heart, sec bevers wad thrill, POWLEV Echoes ( 1875} 148; Not heard
now(M.PA Nhp.1 I.W. (J.D.R.) ; I.W.1; I.W.2 I sims all of
a bivver wi' the cooald. w.Som.1 Muy an-z bee aul tiie biivur
[my hands are all of a shake]. Cor. N. & Q. i 1854 , ist S. x. 179 ;
Cor.1
2. The quivering of the under-lip, which precedes
crying. Brks.1
3. v. To shake, quiver, tremble, esp. with cold or fear.
Sc. Bev'rin like the shakin' reed, A. SCOTT Poems (1808) 174.
Bwk., Rxb. Beverin wi' the perils [palsy] (JAM.). n.Cy. GROSE
(1790). Nhb.1, Cum.1, Bd£ (J.W.B.) Ken. (K.) ; The table bivers
(G.G.). I.W. (J.D.R.) ; I.W.1 ; I.W.2 I could see the lightnen
bivveren about in the element. Wil. SLOW Gl. (1892) ; Wil.1
Bless m'zoul, if I dwon't think our maester's got the ager ! How
a hackers an bivers, to be zhure ! AKERMAN Tales (1853) 55.
Dor.1 Som. They'll make he bivver, W. & J. Gl. • 1873) ; JEN-
NINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. 1,1825). w.Som.1 Poo'ur dhing, aew ee
due buvuree ! [poor thing, how he shivers !] Dev. She went
bivvering all awver wi' guse-vlaish, PHILI.POTTS Dartmoor 1895!
202 ; When I zeed um bring tha corpse out ov tha river, I bivered
all awver, HEWETT Peas. 5/>. (1892 . n.Dev. GROSE (1790) MS.
add. (H.) ; Ah, Bob, thee wisn't biver there, ROCK Jim an' Nell
(1867 ) st. 10. nw.Dev.1 s.Dev. 1 bivered with the cold (F.W.C \
Cor.12
Hence Beveling, ppl. adj. shaking, trembling.
Bwk., Rxb. We're auld beverin bodies (JAM. . Dev. A biverin
roosh. a wish'd owld straw, PENGELLY Provinc. (.1875) 42. Cor.12
4. Of cold : to shrivel up, to pinch.
Ken. The cold does biver him np so (W.F.S.).
5. Of the lips or chin : to quiver, tremble.
w.Wor.1 'Er poor little mouth was a biverin', but 'er managed
to kip 'er tears back. s.Wor.' Glo.1 Obsol. Oxf.1 Ow his little
chin do biver, MS add. Brks.1 Thee hast Vronted 'un now, zee
how a bivers. Wil.1 Dev.' Es lips bever'd agen, 17.
Hence (i) Beveling, (a) vbl. sb. the quivering of an
infant's under-jaw, when yawning ; (b) ppl. adj. trembling,
quivering ; (2) Bevery, adj. shivery, tremulous.
(i, a) Cor.2 6) Dor.' An cry wi biv'ven chin, ' Oh, shut the
door,' 89, ed. 1863. (3) Wil.1 When a baby is just on the verge of
crying, its lip quivers and is ' bivery.'
6. Of a hawk : to hover overhead, hardly moving the
wings.
Ken. Used in Romney Marsh and the neighbourhood (P.M.) ;
W.F.S.:
[Many knyghtes shoke and beuered, MALORY Arthur, i.
xv (STRATMANN). Cp. G. dial. (Gattingen) bewern, to
tremble (SCHAMBACH) ; Altmark bdwern (DANNEIL).]
BEVER, sb.2 Obsol. Der. Nhp. War. Hrf. Oxf. Bck.
Bdf. Hrt. Lon. e.An. Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp. Slang. Also
written baiver Oxf.1 ; baver Nhp.2 Bck. Bdf. ; beaver
Der.1 Hrf. Bdf. Hrt. e.An.2; beever Hrt. Cmb. e.An.1 Suf.1
Sus.1 Hmp.1 ; bevor Suf.
1. Slight refreshment taken between meals, either at
ii a.m. or 4 p.m. Occas. applied also to a regular meal,
see below.
Der.1 Obs. Nhp.12 Sometimes corrupted to ' maver.' War.3
Understood by farmers to be the drinkgiven by them to labourers
at harvest, or other times, between meals, but it is not so limited
by the labourers, who apply it to the meal. Hrf. RAY (1691)
MS. add. (J.C.) Oxf.1, n.Bck. (A.C.) Bdf. If you inquire of a
labouring man as to wages, he will reply that he has so much
a day and his baver, A7. iSr> Q. (1876-, 5th S. v. 97 ; (J.W.B.) Hrt.
They eat wholly on this [i. e. cheesej and bread at one time of the
day, which they call their beaver, ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) V. iii;
H.G.) ; Themealsare — First breakfast, before 6; breakfast, oreight
o'clock, at 8 ; beaver, at 10 or n, CUSSANS Hist. Hrt. (1879-1881)
III. 320 ; N. & Q. (1872) 4th S. x. 113. Cmb. (J.D.R.); e.An.12
Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) 8; Nrf.1 Suf. ,C.T.) ;
(M.E.R.) ; RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 296, ed. 1849 ; Suf.1 Ess. The
first meal taken by horse-keepers after beginning work. BRITTEN
Old Cy. Wds. (1880) 5 ; SPURDENS Vocab. (1840). Ken. In use in
the neighbourhood of Sittingbourne. The true Kentish word is
'Lowance' (P.M.); Ken.1, Sur.1, Sus. (M.B.-S.), Sus.1, Hmp.1
Slang. SHADWELL Wyke. Slang (1859-1864); Obs. (A.D.H.) ; At
Eton, beer, bread, and salt are laid for the collegers in the Hall
under the name of beever, N. &*Q. (1872) 4th S. x. 178; [At Charter-
house] if a boy wants an additional piece of bread, he asks for
a ' beavor,' a bit taken with drink, Public Schools Cat. < 1886) 206
in N. &• Q. (1876) 5th S. v. 97 ; It may be interesting to old
Etonians to read the news that ' bever' is abolished, Sat. Review
(1890) 798, col. i.
2. Contp. (i) Bever-cake, a cake made to eat with ale, at
4 p.m. ; (2) -time, an interval allowed for refreshment, in
the morning and afternoon.
(r, Suf. (F.H.) (2) Bdf. An interval at about ten o'clock,
MARSHALL Review(iSi^) IV. 589. Suf. (F.H.) Slang. SHADWELL
Wyke, Slang (1859-1864) ; At half-past four in summer time a
short intermission in school time was allowed. Formerly a bever
or allowance of beer was then served (A. D.H.).
3. Any drink.
Lon. All beer, brandy, water, or soup, are ' beware,' MAYHEW
Land. Labour (1851) III. 139, ed. 1861.
4. A small loaf of bread, eaten in hall at Westminster.
Slang. N. & Q. (1876) sth S. v. 157.
[They commonly take as much time to their beaver,
BAILEY Erasmus (1733) 516; Thirty meals a day and ten
bevers, MARLOWE Fausius (c. 1590) n. ii ; A middaies
BEVERAGE
[255]
BEZANT
meale : an undermeale : a boire or beaver : a refreshing
betwixt meales, Nomenclator (1585) (NARES). OF. btivre,
a drinking.]
BEVERAGE, sb. Sc. Irel. Dur. Wm. Yks. Lan. Der.
Nrf. Dev. Cor. Written baiverage N.I.1 ; beberish Dur. ;
beveridge Wm.1 w.Yks.4 Dev.1
1. Small cider; also, a composition of hot cider, sugar,
and gin.
w.Cy. MARSHALL Km: Econ. (1796). Dev.13, Cor.2
2. Obsol. A fine, either in money, drink, or kisses,
demanded of any one on the first wearing of new clothes ;
esp. in phr. to pay beverage.
Sc. She gat the beverage o' his braw new coat JAM.). Abd., Per.
Gie's the beverage o' yer new dress, Jane ^G.W.). N.I.1 Dur.
GIBSON Weardalc Gl. (1870). Wm.1 Obsol. n.Yks. ATKINSON
Wlritby 1894) 287. w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. ; Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov.
8. 1884) ; w.Yks.234 ra.Lan.1 When a youngster hes a new suit
on id relations nip id for new, an' tell id as id mon pay beverage —
thad is, ' wet ' 'em — thad is, gi' them summat to wet 'em wi' i' th"
shape o' brass. Der.1 Obs. Nrf. (J.H.; ; Nrf.1 Dev.1 Thee hast
a cruel pretty gown on ; ... you must pay biveredge, Bet, n.
[2. To pay beverage, to give a treat upon the first
wearing of a new suit of cloaths, &c., BAILEY (1721).]
BEVERLEY CROP, sb. Yks. Close-cropped hair.
e.Yks. [So called from] the close cut the prisoners receive in
Beverley Gaol, NICHOLSON Flk-Lore (1890) 104.
BEVIE, sb.1 Sc. (JAM.) A jog, a push. Cf. bevel, sb*
BEVIE, sb.2 Sc. (JAM.) A large fire.
BEVISH, sb. and v. Wm. Yks. Lan. Also written
bevis n.Lan. [be'vif, be'vis.]
1. sb. Unnecessary fuss or show; uncalled-for energy.
Wm. ' He went intul't wi seek a bevish.' This would be remarked
of one who in getting his food, or starting on any task or work,
made a great show of energy i^B.K.). n.Yks.3
2. v. To jump about ; to stagger, to walk unsteadily.
Wm. Theer we wor, menny an 'oor, bevishin aboot amang
t'snow. T'auld feul was drunk an' was bevishen aboot frae yah
side o' t'rooad to t'other ^B.K. ; He was bevesen aboot like a caulf
wi' yalla pattens [a new-born calf] (J.M.i. n.Lan. (W.S. )
Hence Bevising, ppl. adj. leaping, jumping.
n.Lan. A great bevising trout (.W.S.).
BEVISS, sb. Lei. The flesh of a young ox or cow.
Lei. A cow-calf would make very pretty beef at three years old,
but, if killed sooner, they called it beviss, LISLE Hush. (1757) 259-
BEVOR, see Bever.
BEW, v. Dev. Also written boo nw.Dev.1 To bend,
twist.
Dev.3 Yfi've a-bewed th' annel ov thease umberrellar. nw-Dev.1
[A pron. of bow (to bend).]
BEW, see Beugh.
BEW ATTLED, */>/.«<#. Glo. Of sheep: covered with
hanging pellets of clay, after feeding in a turnip-field
(H.S.H.).
BEWATTLED, int. Obsol. Glo. An exclamation of
anger or vexation.
n.Glo. Used only by very old people. Bewattled ! if I don't
thrnsh you! (H.S.H.)
BEWCASTLE, sb. Cum. A term of reproach.
Billingsgate.
Cum. Two viragos [were] holding a slanging contest ; . .
most pungent . . . epithets resorted to were ' Barney Castle ' and
' Bewcastle.' Flk-Lore Jrn. (1883) I. 228 ; The natives of Bewcastle
still retain the character their fore-elders bore as moss-troopers
and raiders on the borders (J.P.).
BEWEEP, v. Yks. To bewail.
i-.. Yks. He's sair bewept [his death is much felt] (T.S.) ; n.Yks.2
[I have bewept a worthy husband's death, SHAKS. Rich.
Ill, ii. ii. 49.]
BEWER, see Buer.
BEWITH, sb. Sc. A substitute, makeshift.
Sc. One who arrives when the regular dinner is eaten is said to
get only a bewith for a dinner (JAM-)- Lnk- This bewith when
cunzie is scanty, Will keep them frae making a din, RAMSAY Tea-
Table Misc. (1724) I. 100, ed. 1871.
[This is a sb. fr. the phr. to be wf, to tolerate, to put up
with (JAM.).]
Cf.
the
BEWIVERED, pp. Dev. Also bewhivered Dev.1
Bewildered, confounded. Cf. wivver (to quiver).
n.Dev. GROSE (1790). Dev.1 ; Dev.3 Dawntee go to bewiver 'er,
er's narvous enough as tez. Coming up drii the cattle fair I got
purty bewivered.
BEWK, see Buke.
BEWOTTLE, v. Nhp. To confuse or render light-
headed.
Nhp.2 He's amwust bewottled me.
[Truly she looks as if she were bewhatled, CARTWRIGHT
Siedge, v. iii, in Comedies (1651) 164.]
BEWRAYED, pp. n.Dev. [Not known to corre-
spondents.] Seized with a foolish fit of talking.
n.Dev. GROSE (.1790) MS. add. (H.;
[The pp. of bewray, often used in the sense of telling
unintentionally what it is intended to conceal. Thy
speache bewreyeth the, TINDALE (1534) Matt. xxvi. 73.]
BEWSE, see Boose.
BEY, v. Chs. Used in asseverations : to be sure,
certain, bound.
s.Chs.1 Ah)l bey wi)sn goa' oa-r u brij- Cifoa'r wi gy'efn faa'r
[Ah'll bey we san go o'er a bridge afore we getten far].
[Bey for abey, to pay the penalty. I dar wel seye, If
that they doon, ye shul it dere abeye, CHAUCER C. T. c. 100.
Cp. OE. abycgan, to buy, pay for.]
BEYDE, see Abide.
BEYOND, adv. and prep. Var. dial, usages in Sc. Irel.
and Eng. Also in forms beyant Irel. ; beyont Sc. Irel.
n.Yks.12 e.Yks.1 n.Lin.1 ; beyun, byun, Nhb.1
1. adv. Yonder, outside.
Ir. Where's the mistress?— Beyant with Mrs. Ryan, Paddinna
(1848) 1.30; Sure there's a letter for her they gave me down
beyant, BARLOW Idylls (1892) ii ; There was a fair down beyant.
ib. Lisconnel (1895) 37; (^G.M.H. ' n.Yks. When hah sud find
thee beyont, hah wad kiss thee, ROBINSON S«^. Sol. (1860) viii. i.
H. prep. Over and above, in excess of.
Nhb.1 It's byun ten 'ear sin he left. w.Som.1 Dev. I consider
that beyun fair, Reports Provinc. (1883) 81.
3. In phr. to get, or go beyond, to get the better of, obtain
the mastery over, overreach in a bargain, &c.
n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 They gat beyont us. w.Yks. He went be-
yond him (C.C.R.). s.Wor. My ooman is very bad, sir; and the
doctor cornt get beyand it no how, PORSON Quaint Wds. ',1875)
25. Hrf.2
4. In phr. (i) to put beyond oneself , to render conceited ;
(2) beyond the beyond(s, (a) unexpected, incredible, out of
the way ; (b) a very out-of-the-way place.
(i) Ir. A little thravcllin' puts us beyant ourselves sometimes,
LOVER Leg. '.1848', II. 275. 1 2) Bnff.1 Weel, that's beyon the
beyont. Ir. The ringin' iv a bell doin' the like is beyant the
beyants intirely, LOVER Leg. (1848) II. 280; ^G.M.H.) N.I.1
Ant. Beyont the beyons, wheer the aul meer foaled the fiddler
[an answer to an inquisitive person], Ballymma Obs. (1892).
1.2} N.I.1
5. Behind.
e,Yks. Wiv his gun riddy raised, he steead beyont deear,
NICHOLSON /V/t-S/. (,i88gN 43 : e.Yks.1, n.Lin.1
BEYST, see Buist.
BEYURN, v. Chs.1 [Not known to our correspondents.]
To raise.
BEZANT, sb. Obs. Dor. The name of a 'trophy,'
and of a festival held in the town of Shaftesbury, or
Shaston, on Monday in Rogation week.
Dor. The ' Bezant ' was an acknowledgment on the part of the
Borough to the Lord of the Manor of Mitcombe for the permission
to bring up water for use from the hamlet of Enmore Green. The
festival sadly degenerated, and in the year 1830 ceased altogether.
The 'Bezant' which gave its name to the festival consisted of
a sort of trophy constructed of ribbons, flowers and peacock's
feathers, fastened to a frame, about four feet high, round which were
hung jewels, coins, medals, &c., lent for the purpose, CHAMBERS
Bk. Days (1869) I. 585.
[This use of ' bezant ' for an offering may be compared
with its use for the name of a certain offering made by
the kings of England at the sacrament or at festivals, and
by French kings at their coronation ; see BLOUNT (1670),
s. v. Byzantine.}
BEZONTER
[256]
BIBBLE
BEZONTER, int. Chs. Also written bezounter Chs.1 ;
bezountee Chs.3 An expletive denoting surprise.
Chs.1 Bezonter me ! but aw'm fair gormed ; Chs.3
BEZUM, see Besom.
BEZZLE, v.1 Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Lin. Nhp.
War. Won Shr. Glo. e.An. Also written bessle w. Yks.3 ;
bazzle Chs.1 [be'zl.l
1. To waste, squander ; also, to embezzle.
Yks. THORESBY Lett. (1703). w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Snpfil. (May 9,
1885^ 8 ; w.Yks.4, Glo.1
2. To drink immoderately ; occas. to be gluttonous.
Wm. Bezzling dawn strang liquors, HUTTON Bran New Wark
(1785)1.456; He'sallusbezzlen' (J.M.) ; Wm.1 Doan't bezzle sooah.
n.Yks.12, e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds.\ w.Yks.1234;
w.Yks.5 A baby has a little can of water given it to ' bezzle at ' in
order to amuse and keep it quiet. Lan. I cawd for another [pint],
on bezzilt tut, too, TIM BOBBIN View Dial. (1746) 54, ed. 1750 ; We
soon bezzilt that, un wot then do you think? COLLINS Poems (1859)
56 ; Lan.1, neXan.1 Chs. Sheaf '(1878) 1. 76 ; Chs.1 Dunna bazzle so
miteh at that whey. s.Chs.1 Wot kun yu ekspek't iiv u mon iiz iz
au-vi bez'lin fit dhii bee'ur baar'il ? [what con yo expect of a
mon as is auvay bezzlin at the beer-barrel ?] Stf.2, Der.2, nw.Der.1
n-Lin.1 He's allus bezzlin'. Nhp.1 War.3 Applied to both eating
and drinking. s.Wor.1, se.Wor.1, Shr.1, e.An.1, Nrf.1, Suf.1
Hence (i) Bezzled, ppl. adj. drunk, besotted with drink ;
(2) Bezzler, sb. a drunkard ; (3) Bezzling, ppl. adj. glut-
tonous, intemperate.
(i) Stf.2 'E was bezzled when 'e soined th' pledge and 'e's bin
drinkin ivver sin. (2) w.Yks. CUDWORTH Horton (1886). Stf.2,
Shr.1 (3) War.3 A greedy bezzling fellow.
[1. To bezzle, pergraecor, COLES (1679). 2. That divine
part is soakt away in sinne, In sensual lust, and midnight
bezeling, MARSTON Scourge (1599) n. vii. OF. besiller, to
lay waste, destroy (LA CURNE).]
BEZZLE, v.2 e.An. [be'zl.]
1. To blunt or turn the edge of a tool in the process of
whetting or grinding. e.An.1
Hence Bezzled, ppl. adj. of a tool : blunted, turned.
Nrf.1 Suf. (HALL.)
2. To slope, to bevel. Nrf.1
[The same as besel, the sloping edge of a cutting tool.
Biseau, a bezle, such a slopeness as is in the point of an
yron chizle, COTGR. OF. * besel, cp. be'sean, forme employee
encore aujourd'hui par les charpentiers de preference a
biseau (HATZFELD).]
BEZZLE-CUP WOMEN, sb. pi. Yks. Women going
from door to door with a wassail cup (q. v.).
e.Yks. About Christmas time, women or girls called bezzlecup
or vesselcup women go from house to house, with two dolls in a
box, representing the Virgin and Child, NICHOLSON Flk-Lore (1890)
IT, N. & Q. (1884) 6th S. x. 481 ; e.Yks.1
[The old name of the ' Cup ' was changed through assoc.
w. bessle (vb.1 2), q. v.]
BEZZLER, sb. Lan.1 n.Lan.1 Anything very large of
its kind. Cf. banger.
BIACON-WEED, see Bacon-weed.
BIAS, sb. e.An. Som. Dev. Written bies, bighes
e.An.1 ; byas w.Som.1 [bai'as.]
1. Accustomed place or direction ; also fig. usual pro-
cedure or habit ; reckoning.
w.Som.1 A man speaking of pheasants said : ' They'll sure to
came back to their byas.' Said of partridges, which do not seem
to know where they are flying : ' Ah ! they be out o' their bias.'
Dev. A woman at Horrabridge expressed first her surprise at the
writer's calling on her, as being a week before the expected time ;
and secondly, her disappointment that certain things she had
bias thease time, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892). nw.Dev. Us shall putt
Mall out o' her byes, eef us bide yer all th' arternoon (R.P.C.) ;
nw.Dev.1
2. In phr. in one's bias, in good humour, at one's best.
e.An.1 Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) 12; Nrf.1
[But when the feare is over, then they return to their
old byas againe, ROGERS Naaman (1642) 33. A fig. sense
of lit. E. bias, the tendency of a bowl to run obliquely. Fr.
biais, byas, aslope, sloping (CoxoR.).]
BIAS, see Byous.
BIB, sb.1 Ken. Cor. The fish pouter, Morrhua htsca.
Ken.l, Cor.12 [SATCHELL (1879).]
BIB, sb.2 Ags. QAM.) The stomach.
BIB, v. and sb.3 Sc. (JAM.) Cum. Yks. Lan. Glo. Also
written beb (JAM.) n.Yks.12 m.Yks.1 w.Yks.15 [bib.]
1. v. To drink continuously, but in small quantities ; to
tipple. Cf. bezzle.
Slk. n.Cy. GROSE (1790^. Cum. LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 297.
n.Yks.1 He wad sit bebbing an" soaking fra moornan' while
neeght ; n.Yks.2, m.Yks.1 w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781) ;
w.Yks.1 ; w.Yks.5 He sits bebbing yonder astead o' going abart
his business. A man may sit a long while ' bebbing ' before he is
drunk, but he begins to ' bezzle' only after he can't tell what he
is doing. ne.Lan.1 s.Lan. BAMFORD Dial. (1850).
Hence Bibber, sb. a tippler.
w.Yks.5 s.Lan. BAMFORD Dial. (1850).
2. sb. A small drink, a sip ; a small quantity of food.
Glo. The small horn cup, which used to be taken to the fields
with the labourer's cider can, was said to hold a bib. Also used
for the quantity of food prepared for an infant (H.S.H.) ; Glo.1 A
bib of cider.
[1. To bibbe or drinke often, potito; to sippe often,
sorbillo, BARET (1580) ; This miller hath so wisly bibbed
ale, CHAUCER C. 7^4162. (i) A bibber, bibax, vinostis, COLES
(1679).]
BIB AND TUCKER, phr. Cum. Yks. Lan. Der. Nhp.
War. Wor. Glo. Amer. Used^g-. for the whole costume ;
gen. with adj. best : smart, holiday clothes.
Cum. (J.P.) w.Yks.2 ; w.Yks.5 Put that barn it's cloas on, bib
an* tucker, an' let's goa a gethering buttercups. Don'd grandly,
bib an' tucker, nowt a wanting. Lan.1 Wheer's he for? He's
getten his best bib-an-tucker on. nw.Der.1, Nhp.1, War.23, Wor.
(J.W.P.) Glo. The wench as 'a got 'er best bib an' tucker on,
BUCKMAN Darkens Sojourn (1890) 167. [U.S.A. Dial. Notes (1895)
396].
BIBBED, pp. Yks. [bi'bd.] Dressed up, decked out ;
gen. used with up.
n.Yks. Common in very rural districts. All bibbed up wi'
furbelows (R.H.H.) ; Thoo's bibb'd oot gayly (T.S.) ; An' he was
bibb'd up iv his best, Ytsman. Comic Ann. (1876) 39.
BIBBER, v. and sb. Irel. n.Cy. Nhp. Ken. Dor.
[bi-ba(r).]
1. v. To tremble, to shake. See Bever.
Wxf.1 Aar gentrize ware bibbern, aamzil cou no stoane [their
gentry were quaking, themselves could not stand], 84. N.Cy.1,
Nhp.1 Ken. GROSE(i79o); (P.M.) ; Ken.1 1 saw his under lip bibber.
Dor. Ther wer a dog a-zot up in the frost a-sheakin and a-bibberin
(C.W.BA
Hence Bibbering, ppl. adj. quaking, trembling.
s.Wxf.1 You bibberin' idjut (P.J.M.).
2. sb. A tremor, state of trembling.
Nhp.1 I am all of a bibber.
[Cp. LG. bibbern, to shake, tremble (BERGHAUS) ; G. dial,
(markisch) bibbern (SANDERS) ; MDu. bibberen (VERDAM,
s. v. Seven).]
BIBBLE, sb.1 Stf. [bi'bl.] A pebble, stone, fossil.
Stf. (H.K.j s.Stf. He throwed at him an hit him wi a bibble,
PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895).
BIBBLE, v. and sb.2 Sc. Nhp. Glo. Brks. e.An. Hmp.
Wil. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written bebble (JAM.).
[bi-bl.]
1. v. To drink frequently ; to tipple.
Sc. He'say bebblingand drinking (JAM.). Glo.1, Brks.1, e-An.1.
Snf.1, Hmp.1 Wil. BRITTON Beauties (1825). Som. JENNINGS Obs.
Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1, nw.Dev.1
Cor. THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) Gl. ; Cor.2 MS. add.
Hence (i) Bibbler, sb. a tippler, a toper ; (2) Bibbling,
ppl. adj. drinking.
(i) Nhp.1, Hmp.1 Wil. BRITTON Beauties (18115). Som. JENNINGS
Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825); W. & J. Gl. (1873). nw.Dev.1 (21
n.Dev. A bibbling, boostering, brinded chap, ROCK Jim an Nell
(1867) st. 85.
2. To eat like a duck, gathering up food and water
together.
e-An.1, Nrf.1
3. sb. Tipple, drink, beverage.
w.Som.1 Puur-dee geod biib-l [pretty good tipple].
BIBBLE-BABBLE
[257]
BICKER
[1. Let me vvyth you bybyll, SKELTON Elynour Rummyng
(c. 1529) 550, in Wks. (1843) I. 112. Bib (vb.) + -le (-el),
freq. suff.]
BIBBLE-BABBLE, sb. Yks. Lin. Idle, childish talk.
w.Yks.5, n.Lin.1
[Leave thy vain bibble-babble, SHAKS. Twelfth Nt. iv. ii.
105.]
BIBBLES, sb. pi. Irel. Also in form bebbles, bribbles
Ant. Nonsensical talk.
Ant. (W.H.P.) ; He's just talkin' a lot o' bibbles (W.J.K.).
BIBBLIN, sb. Lei.1 A nearly fledged chick of any bird.
BIBLE, sb. Dur. Yks. Der. Lin. Oxf. Som. Dev.
Slang.
1. In comp. (i) Bible-clerk, see below; (2) -path, a very
solemn oath ; (3) -scant, neglected in a religious sense ;
(4) -truth, God's truth.
(ll Oxf. Many of the Colleges have Bible-clerks (A.L.M.).
Slang. A College prefect [at Winchester] who holds office for
a week, keeping order in school and reading the lessons in
chapel. It was formerly his duty to read a chapter of the
Bible during the twelve-o'clock dinner-hour i A. D. H.) ; SHADWELL
Wyke. Slang (1859-1864). (2) Der. I'd tak' a Bible oath it wasna
neither young Abel Boden, nor any other Voe chap, GUSHING
Vot (1888) I. viii. n.Lin.1 I'd tak' my bible-oath on it if it was th'
last wo'd I was iver to speak. w.Som.1 Aa'l taek mee buybl
oa'uth oa ut. Dev. One boy offered to take his ' bible oath ' that
he was leading up Pisgey Lane with another lad, BRAY Desc.
Tamarand Tavy (1836) III. 163. (3) n.Yks.2 A dark bible-scant
spot. (4) n.Lin.'
2. In phr. Bible and key, a mode of divination ; see below.
(i) Dur.1 Obs. Oxf.1 By placing a key in a Bible a girl ascertains
the first letter of her future husband's name, MS. add.
[1. (2) Madam Marwood took a book, and swore us upon
it, but it was but a book of poems. So long as it was not
a Bible-oath we may break it with a safe conscience,
CONGREVE Way of the World, v. ii (DAV.).]
BIBLE, v. Slang. At Winchester School: to administer
a flogging.
Slang. SHADWELL Wyke. Slang (1859-1864) ; Underneath is the
place of execution where delinquents are bibled, Blackw. Mag.
(1864) XCV. 79.
Hence (i) Bibler, sb., (2) Bibling, a flogging of six cuts.
Slang, (i) For a serious breach of duty, a flogging of six cuts,
a bibler, was administered, MANSFIELD School Life (1870) 109.
(a) So called because Bible Clerk (q. v.) assisted at the function,
and brought up the culprit whose ' name had been ordered."
Formerly called 'Bibler' (A.D.H.) ; SHADWELL Wyke. Slang
(1859-1864).
BIBLE-BACK, sb. Midi. War. Hmp. A person with
broad, rounded shoulders.
War.2 Here comes old bible-back !
Hence Bible-backed, adj. humpbacked, round-shoul-
dered.
Midi., Hmp. (J.R.W.1 [In the Tichborne trial, the following
evidence was given. ' Was he a big lad ? ' ' Yes. ... He was
humpy or bible-backed,' N. & Q. (1873) 4th S. xii. 227.]
BIBLER, sb. e.An.1 [Not known to our correspondents.]
A great Bible reader.
[Thou wouldest say, Methusalem I perceive you are
no very good Bibler, Pasiphilo, GASCOIGNE Supposes (1566)
i. ii, in Wks., ed. 1869, I. 205.]
BIBLER-CATCH, see Bilbo-catch.
BIBLE-TRIPE, sb. Nhb. Yks. The third stomach of
a ruminant, the 'manyplies' or 'manyfad,' the omasum or
psalterium ; so called from the many parallel folds or layers
like the leaves of a book.
Nhb. Still used by old people. There is ' Manyfad ' or ' Bible-
tripe," ' Reed-tripe," ' Honeycomb-tripe,' and ' Grass-tripe ' (s.v.
Tripe), Newc. Wkly. Chron. (May 19, 1894). n.Yks. (I.W.)
BIBSTER, sb. Obs. Shr. A seller of ale.
Shr.1 The Serjeants to account for issues and estreats of courts,
and bibsters' fines every quarter, PHILLIPS Hist. Shrewsbury, 161.
[Bib (see v.) + -ster; cp. brewster.}
BICK, sb. e.An. [bik.] A wooden bottle or cask in
which beer is carried to the field. Cf. bicker, sb.2
e.An.1 Suf. Usedine.Nrf. (H.H.M.; Ess. Still used by labourers
here [Manningtree], who have come out of Suf. (ii.)
VOL. I.
BICK, v. S. & Ork.1 [bik.] 1. To pat gently. 2. To
leave alone.
BICKEN, sb. Cor. [bi'kan.] A heap or mound, four
of which are used in the game of rounders to mark the
course.
Cor. Peters threw the ball to the bicken. The batsman in
rounders had to run to the first bicken or round them all if possible,
before he could be hit with the ball caught from his bat, and so
turned out of game, Flk-Lore Jm. (1886) IV. 120; (M.A.C.) ; Cor.8
[A pron. of lit. E. beacon^
BICKER, v. and sb.1 Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. [bi-ka(r).]
1. To skirmish, to fight. Also, to quarrel, contest, wrangle.
In gen. colloq. use.
Abd. Three lusty fellows got of him a clank, And round about
him bickered a' at anes, Ross Helenore (1768) 49, ed. 1812. e.Lth.
The laird an' him were aye bickerin aboot ae thing or anither,
HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) 24. Ir. They'll bicker and allegate
about every hand's turn, BARLOW Idylls (1892") 180. Nhb.1
w.Yks.5 What yuh bickering abart? ah wish yuh'd cawal muh
once fur awal an' ha' done wi't ; bicker, bicker, bicker, t'daay
throw, ther's niwer noa peace whear yuh are. Lan. Oi'll nother
bicker nur feyght, KAY-SHUTTLEWORTH Scarsdale (1850) II. 214.
m.Lan.1 Der. For they will bycker with their bowes, JEWITT
Ballads (1867) 33.
Hence (i) Bickering, vbl. sb. quarrelling ; (2) Bickering,
ppl. adj. quarrelsome, contentious, noisy ; (3) Bickerment,
sb. dispute, wrangling, contention.
(i) Ayr. No ill blood had been bred on my part, notwithstanding
our bickerings, GALT Provost 11882^ v. w.Yks.5 Share it nicely
an' ha' noa bickering about it. (a) Abd. The village swain . . . Maun
bide the bick'rin' brattle, BEATTIES Parings (1813) 24, ed. 1873.
Ayr. The bickering snuff-man seeing him, cried him to come in,
GALT Provost (1822) xvii. (3) n.Lin.1 Ther" was a straange
bickerment among 'em all aboot draains an' things. w.Som.1
Yuur ! draap-ut, wuol ee? lat-s ae-u las bik-urmunt [here ! cease,
will you ? let us have less quarrelling],
2. To move quickly. Of a stream : to ripple, flow.
Sc. Where bickers the burnie, SCOTT Monastery ( 1820) ix ;
And fled as fast's his feet could bicker, DRUMMOND Muckomachy
(1846) 18; The water bickered and sang in the midst, STEVENSON
Catriona (1895) x ; When bodies cam bickerin' a" clad in their
best — To beck to their bonnie young Queen, THOM Rhymes (1844)
117. Ayr. Auld Aire ran by before me, And bicker'd to the seas,
BURNS One Night. e.Lth. Oor burns here, that come loupin an'
bickerin doun frae the hills, HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) 84. Kcb.
Upo' the Hill nags, men, an' boys A' through ither fast did bicker,
DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 71. Nhb. As fast as the heels on't could
bicker, RITSON N. Garl. (1810) 56. Cum.1 Wm. & Cum.1 Wi'
merry lilts, the fidler's chang, The lads and lasses bicker, 188.
Hence Bickering, ///. adj. hurrying, rushing.
Rnf. The bickering brook . . . No more goes dancing joyous on
his way, YOUNG Pictures (1865) 112.
3. To attack with repeated strokes, to pelt.
Lth. Whyles bickerin cats wi' chuckles, SMITH Merry Bridal
(1866) 35. Edb. My two prentices . . . were bickering one
another with snowballs, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) xi. Fif.
Stanes were bickert aff and flung, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 69.
4. sb. A skirmish, fight ; a scrimmage.
Sc. Boys are said to have been killed at these bickers, SCOTT
Waverley ( 1814) App. iii ; Who taught me to ... head a bicker
and hold the bannets, ib. Redg. (1824} i. Fif. Terrible stends
they took and lang To "scape frae that kirk-bicker, TENNANT
Papistry (1827) 208. Lth. Wae fa" them puir things at a bicker,
BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 10. Edb. Schoolboy battles. Regular
pitched battles, technically called by us bickers, N. V Q. (1853) ist
S. vii. 273.
5. A quick movement ; the noise caused by a succession
of rapid strokes.
Bnff.1 A quantity of work done with speed. Ayr. Tho' leeward
whyles, against my will, I took a bicker, BURNS Death and Dr. H.
(1785) st. 5.
6. One who is rough, stupid, and noisy. Bnff.1
[1. And there abide and bikere ajein Beliales children,
P. Plowman (B.) xx. 78; With his bowmen full bold
bykrit with the grekes, Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 7400. 2. And
sparkle out among the fern, To bicker down a valley,
TENNYSON Brook, 26. 3. Schir richard . . . send wicht
3homen that veill couth schut,To bikkirthe reirward apon
BICKER
[258]
BIDDING
fut, BARBOUR Bruce (1375) xvi. 102. Cp. W. bicre, 'con-
flictus, pugna' (DA VIES).]
BICKER, sb? Sc. Nhb. Cum. Also Som. [brka(r).]
1. A small wooden drinking-cup or bowl for holding
food ; freq. made of hooped staves. Also fig.
Sc. As good a fellow as ever toom'd a bicker, RAMSAY Prov
('737) > Before him was a large bicker of oatmeal porridge,
SCOTT Waveriey (1814) Ixvi ; Ye winna need to loom the bicker.
DONALD Poems (1867) ao ; I like a bicker o' guid yill, CHAMBERS
Pop. Rhymes (1870) 84. Abd. And ilk ane there drank ay his
bicker out, SHIRREFS Poems (1790) 41 ; Five an' thirty barren acres,
. . . Winna fill the bairnies bickers, STILL Cottar's Sunday ('845)
36. Per. Siccar bargains he could mak, When o'er a bicker he was
set, NICOLL Poems (1837) 90, ed. 1843 > He saw his wooden
bicker with the black horn spoon beside it, IAN MACLAREN Auld
Lang Syne (1895) 35. Ayr. Reekin' on a New- Year mornin' In
cog or bicker, BURNS Sc. Drink ( 1786). Edb. The laddie swigging
ale out of a bicker, Mom Mansie Wauch (1838) x. Gall. All soldiers
. . . can right nobly ' claw a bicker,' CROCKETT Moss-Hags (1895)
xxvii. N.Cy.1 I'll take a stap out o' your bicker [I'll repress your
saucy behaviour]. Nhb.1 Our friend Bowrie is still able to bend
a bicker. Cum. Gang an' pree anudder bicker, STAGG Misc. Poems
(ed. 1807) 93 ; Cum.1
Hence Bickerful, sb. a bowlful.
Sc. Wi' a brown bickerfu' to quaff, BEATTIES Parings (1801) 37 ;
Grind a bickerfu' of meal in a quarter of an hour, SCOTT Pirate
(1821) xi.
2. In comp. Bicker-cut, the method of cutting the hair
with the assistance of a bowl or basin, placed on the head
to guide the scissors. Cf. bason-crop.
Edb. Give ploughmen's heads the bicker-cut for a penny, MOIR
Mansie Wauch (1828) 314.
3. A large wooden vessel holding about two gallons, used
for carrying water.
w.Som.1 Deep and narrow, made of staves and hoops, with an
iron handle on one side ; the gen. form that of a pitcher. Freq.
seen at farm-houses and cottages in the Hill districts of w.Som.
and n.Dev.
[Byker, cuppe, cimbium, Prompt. Norw. dial, bikar,
a cup (AASEN). Cp. Gael, biceir, a wooden dish (MACBAIN).
The same word as lit. E. beaker.]
BICKNING, sb. s.Pem. [bi'knin.] A beacon, the
summit of a hill.
s.Pem. LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 419 ; (W.M.M.)
BICKY, sb. and v. Som. [bi'ki.j
1. sb. The game of hide-and-seek.
w.Som.1 Km au-n, lat-s plaay tu bik-ee [come on, let us play at
hide-and-seek].
2. v. To hide one's eyes, as the seekers do in the above
game, in order not to see where the others go to conceal
themselves. Also with prep. down.
Som. Reports Provinc. (1887) s. v. Moppy. w.Som.1 Bee-ul ! dhee
diis-n bik-ee fae-ur, dhee-s zee- [Bill ! thou dost not keep thy eyes
closed, thou dost see].
BID, v. and sb.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Stf. Der. Amer. [bid.]
1. v. To invite, esp. to a wedding or funeral, at which
attendance is regarded as compulsory. Pret. bad, bade ;
pp. bid, bidden, bodden, or budden.
Frf. I heard tell he wasna bidden, BARRIE Thrums (1889) 59.
Rxb. I'm budden to the waddin (JAM.). N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Aa's bid tiv
aad Anty's funeral the morn. He was boden ti gan. Cur.1
Cum. To the bride wain They bad' that day, STAGG Poems (1805
Bridewain ; Cnm.1 Thay'r gaun to bid aw't toon to t'funeral.
Wm. In very thinly inhabited places, it was customary to bid two
at a house, Lonsdale Mag. (1822) III. 325 ; Wm.1 n.Yks.1 There
is a good deal of the imperative in the bidding phrase or formula
' You are expected,' &c. Ah bad him t'tea. Maistpairto't'parish
wur bidden te t'tea-feast ; n.Yks.2 They bad us. I niwer was
bodden. Hae they bidden tiv his burying ? ne.Yks.1 e.Yks.1 Ah
mun gan an see last on him ; Ah's bid. m.Yks.1 w.Yks. I were
bid to the house and they were to take up at 3 o'clock (AC)-
Yow're bidden to th' funeral i^F.P.T.) ; w.Yks.1, ne-Lan.1 Stf.2
Oi shud loik gu an sei dh' last a aud Bili if onni oi'd bin bidn. Der.2
Hence (i) Bidden-wedding, sb. see below ; (2) Bidder,
sb. a person sent to invite the guests to a funeral, or occas'
to a wedding ; (3) Bidding, q. v.
(i) Cum. (1827) HONE Table-bk. II. 374; I've thought sen syne
On that seame bidden weddin, STAGG Misc. Poems (1805) Bride-
wain; A bidden-wedding is one to which a large number of guests
are invited, and, as at a penny-wedding or bridewain, expected
to contribute (M.P.); Cum.1 Wm.1 Obs. Lan.1 Formerly the
custom in n.Lan. Wei. The bidding weddings, common in other
parts of the Principality. . . . Printed circulars [are] sent round to
bid the guests to these . . . desiring that presents shall be brought
Monthly Pckt. ( Dec. 1863) 682. (2) N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 The custom is now
nearly disused. Bidders dressed in black silk scarfs, MACKENZIE
Hist. Nhb. (1825) I. 206. Dur.1, Cum. (E.W.P.), Wm.1 n.Yks. As
soon after the breath had left the body as possible, ' the bidder '
went round from house to house among those who were to be
' bidden to t'burial,' to ' warn ' them that the burial was fixed for
such and such a day. and to add, ' and so and so ... expect you
at ten o'clock in the morning,' ATKINSON Maori. Parish 1,18911
226 ; n-Yks.1 The parish clerk was the person customarily engaged
for this service : sometimes the sexton, or rather, Dog-whipper •
u.Yks.2, m.Yks.1, w.Yks.s Lan. HARLAND & WILKINSON Fit-Lore
(1867)275. n.Lan. (W.H.H.)
2. To pray (obs.) ; to desire, wish. Also in phr. to bid the
time of day, to wish good-morning.
Ayr. We cheek for chow shall jog thegither, I'se ne'er bid better,
BURNS Ep. to Major Logan (1786) ; I lippen'd to the chiel in trouth,
And bade nae better, ib. To Dr. Blacklock (1789). N.I.1 Ant. Bid
the time o' day, Ballymena Obs. (1892). N.Cy.2, Nhb 1 Wm
Bid God bless thee (K.X [Amer., Ind. To bid the time of day
CARRUTH Kansas Univ. Quar. (1892) I.]
3. sb. An invitation.
[Amer. A bid to the wedding, CARRUTH Kansas Univ. Quar
(1892) I.]
4. Comp. Bid- words,' messages, precepts.
n.Yks.« (s.v. Biddings).
[1. As many as ye finde, byd them to the mariage,
TINDALE (1534) Matt. xxii. 9. 2. Ure Louerd sulf...
teche* us to bidden, Ancr. R. (c. 1225) 228. OE. biddan
(pp. beden), to pray, to command. The pp. forms bodden
and budden are taken over fr. ME. and OE. boden, pp. of
OE. beodan (ME. beden), to announce, command.]
BID, sb* Sh.I. [bid.] In fly-fishing : the end of the
line or gut to which the hook is attached.
Sh.i. K.I.) s. & Ork.1
BID, see Biddy.
BIDDABLE, adj. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Lin. [brdabl.]
Obedient, docile.
e.Sc. He had always been a ' biddable laddie,' SETOUN Sunshine
(1895) !66. Ir. (A.S.P.) Ant. Ballymena Obs. ^1892). N.Cy.1
A biddable child. Nhb.1 Alike applied in describing an obedient
child, horse, or dog. It's that biddable, leuk ye, ye can de owt
wi'd. Cum. A servant is said to be honest and biddable (M.P.) ;
Cum.1, n-Lin.1
Hence (i) Biddableness, sb. obedience, compliance ;
[a) Biddably, adv. obediently, meekly.
(i) Sc. (JAM.) (2) Gall. Very biddably, the wife reached it
down, , CROCKETT Moss-Hags (1895) xlvi.
[Bid (to order, command), see Bid, v. +-able.]
BIDDACK, sb. Sh.I. A thick oatmeal cake, used
at sea.
Sh.l. (Coll. L.L.B.); (K.I.)
[Prob. repr. Gael, bideag, a bit, morsel, which is the
same as bittock (q.v.) ; so MACBAIN.]
BIDDELS, sb. pi. Obs. n.Yks.2 The guests invited to
a funeral.
BIDDICKS, see Beat-axe.
BIDDING, sb. Sc. Cum. Wm. Yks. Chs. Der. Wai.
bi'din.]
1. An invitation, esp. to a funeral or a wedding. See
Bid. v.
Sc. I got a bidding to the wedding (JAM. Suppl.) ; We a' got a
>idding To gang to the wedding, TANNAHILL Poems and Songs
1817) 255. Abd. Gin a biddin' winno' do't I canno gar ye,
BEATTiEsPan«J?s(I8i3)7,ed. 1873. N.Cy.1 Cum. Aw their bidden'
owr and duone, STAGG Misc. Poems (1807) 4- Wm. There shall not
foe from henceforth a biddinge through this Burgh for anie offer-
nge with the Bridegroome above three men, Kendal Rec. (1655) ;
Wm.1 n.Yks.2 Thoo munnot lite o' bidding [must not wait for an
nvitation]. ne.Yks.1 Chs.1 He's gone round with the biddins ;
here'll be a ruck o' folks ; Chs.23, Der.2, nw.Der.1 s.Wal. A
herald, with a crook or wand adorned with ribbons, makes the
circuit of the neighbourhood, and makes his bidding in a prescribed
BIDDLE
[259]
BIDE
form, BRAND Pop. Antiq. ^ed. 1849) U- '46. s.Pem. LAWS Lit/I
Eng. (1888) 419.
2. A wedding party at which a collection, in money or
kind, is made for the bride and bridegroom.
Cth. When a bidding is made, it is usual for a large procession
to accompany the young couple to church, and thence to the house
where the bidding is held. ' We are encouraged by our friends to
make a bidding,' N. & Q. (1851) ist S. iii. 114; BRAND Pop.
Antiq. (ed. 1849) II. 147.
3. A certain extent of houses, whose inhabitants had the
right of invitation to a neighbour's funeral. Obs. (?)
Wm. Lottsdale Mag. (1822) III. 325 ; BRIGGS Remains (1825) 233.
4. In pi. messages, precepts.
n.Yks.2 God's biddings, the ten commandments.
5. Cotnp. (i) Bidding-ale, ale served to guests at
a funeral ; (a) -bell, the funeral bell ; see below ; (3) -cake,
the cake or bread used at funerals ; cf. arval-cake ; (4)
•day, the day on which funeral invitations are issued ;
(5) -feast, a funeral repast ; (6) -funeral, a funeral to
which people are ' bidden ' or invited ; (7) -powder, a pur-
itive powder.
w.Yks. (i) (J.T.) (2) (S.K.C.) ; w.Yks.2 A small bell used
immediately before the commencement of service. (3) w.Yks.
(J.T.) (4, n.Yks.2 (5)w.Yks.(S.K.C.) (6) w.Yks.2 (7) n.Yks.2
BIDDLE, see Beetle.
BIDDLE-BADDLE, adj. Chs. Trifling, of small account.
Chs.1 I never made no accaint o' milk-selling, it's biddle-baddle
work.
BIDDY, sb.' Nhb. Yks. Nhp. War. Wor. Oxf. e.An.
Sus. Hmp. I.W. Som. Dev. Amer. Also in forms beedy
Som. ; buddy Nhb.1 ; bid w.Yks.2 [bi'di.]
1. A hen or chicken, occas. a duckling, gen. used by
children. Cf. chickabiddy.
e.Yks.1 Nhp.2 The 'coom biddy ' so often heard in the poultry-
yard. War. (J.R.W.), se.Wor.1 Oxf.1 MS. add. e.An.'2, Suf.
(F.H.) Sus. HOLLOWAY. Hmp.1, I.W.I Som. W. &J. G/. (1873) ;
JENNINGS Ots. Dial. w.Eng. (1825). Dev. [Only in the comparison]
Zo 'appy's a biddy, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) u. [U.S.A. Many
of the biddies had stolen their nests, ROE He fell in Love (1886)
237.]
2. A call to fowls, ducks, or swans.
Nhb.1 e.Yks. (Miss A.) w.Yks.2 Used in calling ducks from
the water.
BIDDY, sb.2 Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. [bi-di.]
A louse ; occas. a flea.
Nhb.1, Dur.1, Cum. (M.P.), Cum.1 Wm. I'se as lish as a biddy
(J.M.) ; Wm.1, w.Yks.1, Lan.1, ne.Lan.1, e.Lan.1
BIDDY-BASE, sb. and v. Yks. Not. Lin.
1. sb. The game known also as prisoners' base.
w.Yks. (W.W.P.), n.Lin.1, sw.Lin.1
2. v. Of children : to run backwards and forwards, to
patter about. Not.3
[Prob, repr. bidding base. Cp. SPENSER Sh. Kal. (1579)
Oct. 4: Whilome thou wont the shepheards laddes to
leade, In rymes, in ridles, and in bydding base.]
BIDDY'S EYES, sb. Som. The heart's ease or pansy,
Viola tricolor.
Som. TV. &* Q. (1877) 5th S. viii. 358 ; JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng.
(1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Sora.1
BIDE, v. In var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also written bahd ne.Yks.1 ; beyde Cum. ; boide Lan. ;
byde Sc. See Abide.
I. Intrans. Pret. baad, bade, bead, bid, or bode ; also
bided ; pp. bedden, bidden, bodden, or boden.
1. Of persons : to wait ; to tarry or remain in a place or
condition ; to dwejl, live. Also in phr. to bide away, back,
to stay away, behind ; bide off, keep away ; to let bide, to
let alone, leave unmolested.
Sc. Bide back and consult your safety, SCOTT Nigel (1822) xxvi.
Or.I. (S.A.S.) Abd. Auntie and me bidet oor lanes, ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb (1871) vii ; Ye've bidden a' thegither, ib. Frf. Wha
bides i' this hoose?BARRiE Thrums (1889) mi. Per. A' cud bide nae
langer, IAN MACLAREN Auld Lang Syne (1895) 261. Ayr. I'll bide
till ye're done wi' them, GALT Lairds (1826) xxv ; I fear ye'll bide
till break o" day, BURNS Wha is that. Lnk. Ye mauna bide lang
away, FRASER Whaups (1895) xi. Edb. Bide a wee, MOIR Mansie
Wauch (1828) xix. Gall. Bide a wee, faither, an' briskly I'll be
wi' ye, CROCKETT Moss-Hags (1895) iii ; Bide ye where ye are, ib.
Stickil Min. (1893) 226. Ir. She bides content in her mind,
BARLOW Kerrigan (1894) 200. N.I.1 N.Cy.1 Bide off, you stob !
MS. add. ( W.T. ) Nhb. Ye might ha' boden at the door, s. Tynedale
Stud. (1896) R. Armstrong ; Nhb.1 He's bidden lang. Ye should
ha' bedden till aa cam. We bid at hyem. He had bidden ower
lang i' the waiter. Dnr. GIBSON Weardale Gl. (1870); Dur.1
Cum. I'll remember if you let me bide a wee, DALEY Mayroyd (1888)
1. 19; Gl. (1851); Cum.8 If he'd come into t'warld pooar, he wad
ha' bidden pooar. Wm. Whear mi fadthre an mudthre an honast
fooak bide, Spec. Dial. (1885) pt iii. i ; Wm.1 The fadder hes
bidden lang at t'fair. n.Yks. Them 'at bahds i' their faather hoose,
MUNBY Verses (1865) 61 ; n.Yks.1 Where does thee bide ? n.Y1ts.2
Where had they bodden ? Also [ fig,~\ ' Now do bide in a bit,'
restrain yourself, keep your temper. ne.Yks.1 Sha bahds at
Malton. e.Yks.1 m.Yks.1 Pray thee now, bidest 'e a bit. w.Yks.
Sheea's bahded i' t'village, MACQUOID Doris Barugh (1877) xxiv;
w.Yks.1 Lan. It wur too hot to bide i' th' heawse, BANKS Stanch.
Man (i 876) xxx vi ; Bide wi' mo, neaw, till aw dee, WAUGH Poems
(1870) Jamie's Frolic; Hoo winnot boide [continue to live] woile
neet, KAY-SHUTTLEWORTHScarsrfa/«(i86o) II. 282 ; Lan.1, ne.Lan.1
e.Lan.1 Pret. bode. Chs.123 Yo mun bide aw neet wi' us. Der.1,
Not. (L.C.M.) nXin.1 Bide a bit in Scallows laane. sw.Lin.1
Bide you still. Nhp.1 ; Nhp.2 I bent gwain to bide here na langer.
War.2 s.War.' Bide where you be, a bit ! Glo. I bided firm,
BUCKMAN Darkens Sojourn (1890) xiv; Bide still, BAYLIS Illus.
Dial. (1870) ; Glo.1 Let I bide, I be right, be'nt I ? Glo.2 Brks.
(M.J.B.) ; Brks.1 Suf.1 Dewyeow bide there. Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.l
Snr. If we did'n get the extry wage we could'n bide, ./V. V Q.
(1878) sth S. x. 222 ; Sur.1 Sus. Shall I tell you how it was that
he bid there ? EGERTON Flks. and Ways (1884) 22 ; (F.E.) ; Sns.1 If
ye've got three [children] You must bide where you be. Hmp.
(F.E.) ; Hmp.i I.W.1 He bides at Newport ; I.W.2 He bides zum-
where about Keasbrooke. Wil. Shall I bide with ye to-night, PEN-
RUDDOCKE Content (1860) 61 ; Just bide quiet, ELLIS Pronunc. (1889)
V. 45 ; There we bid var dree long hours, SLOW Rhymes (1889) 54 ;
Wil.1 Where do 'ee bide now ? Bide still, will 'ee ? Dor. I bode at
Juddle Farm, HARDY Madding Crowd (1874) viii ; BARNES Gl.
(1863) ; Dor.1 I an' brother Jim do bide At Betty White's, 150.
Som. Bide where you be, RAYMOND Love and Quiet Life 1894) 122 ;
(J.S.F.S.); W. &J. Gl. (1873). w. Som.1 The form 'bode 'is un-
known. Ee buydz laung wai dh-oal Maal'ee Joa'unz [he lodges
(along) with old Mary Jones. Aay buyd stee'ul gin dhai wuz u-goo-
[I remained quiet until they were gone]. Dev. He has bided true
to her memory, BARING-GOULD Spider (1889) xxxiv ; Sam bided
to school longer than the rest, O'NziLL/rfy//s(i892) 45 ; 'Er bides
in ouze, moping about awl day, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1893) 53.
e.Dev. Us'll baide in th' villages, PULMAN Sng. Sol. (1860) vii. n.
Dev.3 Cor. She sticks to et to bide along wi' we, ' Q.' Troy Town
(1888) iv ; Let her bide as she be, PEARD Mother Molly (1889) 177 ;
Maids should bide tu bed, CAHILL Wheal Certainty (1890) 45.
Hence Biding, vbl. sb. (i) staying, tarrying; (2)
a dwelling, abode ; also in comp. Biding-place.
(i) Nhb. The lads are in awhile for biding, GRAHAM Maori. Dial.
(1826) 6. Dor. Better than biding at home, HARDY Trumpet-Major
(1880) xi. (2) Sc. Roon' aboot thair bydin-pleces, RIDDELL Ps.
( 1857) Ixxviii. 28. Frf. Ye ha'e . . . bidin' bein an' easy, LAING
Wayside Firs. (1846) 77. Dor. (W.C.) Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
w.Som.1 Buydeen.
2. Of things : to remain ; to continue ; to wait.
Sc. I might just let the letter bide, STEEL Rowans (1895) 237.
e.Lth. There it is, an' there it wull bide, HUNTER J. Intvick (1895)
186. Nhb. Let it bide as it is, Newc. Fishers' Garl. (1844) 169 ;
Shb.1 It'll bide wor time. Cum.3 It ola's bead by him, 164. Yks.
[f wishes wad bide Beggars wad ride, Prov. in Brighouse News
July 23, 1887). n.Yks. Iv the warld bahd, CASTILLO Poems (1878)
41 ; n.Yks.2 T'fine weathir bides weel. w.Yks.1 My knees baad
whackerin, ii. 302. Ken.1 Just you let that bide. Sur. Let "un
>ide, BICKLEY Sur. Hills (1890) III. xix ; Sur.1 You let that ladder
>ide. Sus. I did blow 'er but 'er wouldn't bide blowed, EGERTON
Flks. and Ways (1884) 137. n.Wil. Let un bide, woo't [will you]
(E.H.G.). Hmp.1
3. In phr. to bide by, to maintain, to stick to ; to continue
n one state ; also, to become pregnant (said of animals).
Sc. I'll no bide be that agreement. Applied also to one of an
nconstant disposition. Of a sick person it is said that he does
not ' bide be,' when he seems to recover one hour and relapses the
next (JAM.). Ayr. To support Caledonia's cause, And bide by the
>uff and the blue, BURNS Here's a Health. n.Yks. A s'll ev to bide
>/t (W.H.). w.Som.1 I've a-zaid it, and I'll bide by it. He'll
>ide by [his bargain]. Her [a mare] 've a-bin dree times to
Varmint,' but her 'ont bide by un.
Llfl
BIDE-OWE
[260]
BIELD
II. Trans. Fret, bade, bode, bude ; also bided ; pp.
bidden, bodden.
1. To wait for, await.
Sc. 'You bide tryst with Prestongrange ? ' I asked, STEVENSON
Calriona (18921 v ; The bairns just bided their time, STEEL Rowans
(1895) 201 ; If that did not cool him, there was another biding
him, SCOTT St. Ronan (1824) iv ; The deel bides his day. Prov.
(JAM.) Lan. I am bidin' her time, FRANCIS Daughter of Soil (1895)
100. Not.1 Th'ull a ter [have to] bide thee time.
2. To bear, endure, tolerate. Also intrans. Cf. abear,
away with.
Sc. To bide the bang to the last, Scorr Monastery (1820) xiii ;
I have that in my heart . . . that wunna bide shame, ib. Midlothian
(i8i8)xxiv; Beggars downa bide wealth, HENDERSONP;W. (1832)4,
ed. 1881. Abd. The village swain . . . Maun bide the bick'rin' brattle,
BEAT-TIES Parings (1813) 24, ed. 1873 ; Forced to byde the bydings
that I baid, Ross Helenore (1768) 87. Ayr. Wasna fit to bide the
flyte, GALT Entail (1823) xvii ; Slighted love is sair to bide, BURNS
Duncan Gray ; He bade an unco bang, ib. Brigs of Ayr. N.Cy.1
The pain's so great, I can't bide it. Nhb. Nyen but mysel could
bide thy yammer, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) 8; Nhb.1, Dur.1
Cum. It's bad to beyde, ANDERSON Ballads (1808) 2 ; An arrogant
person ' cannot bide cworn ' [cannot bear prosperity, like an over-
fedhorse](M.P.); Lasses budehismockin', LoNSDALE£//>.sAo<(i8ii);
Cum.1 Wm. Your hell-fire thirst mun be bidden, HUTTON Bran
New Wark (1785) 1. 416; I cud bide nae langer, WHEELER Dial.
(1790) 41, ed. 1821 ; Wm.1 n.Yks.1 It's bad to bide ; n.Yks.2 He
can still bide a vast for all he has bodden a good deal iv his day ;
n.Yks.3 I can bide as mickle pain as any body. ne.Yks.1 e.Yks.
We ha' bidden monny a blast o' wind and weather, BROWNE
Poems (1800) 160 ; His ayms began ti wahk, whahl he cud hardlins
bahd, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 36; e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.)
m.Yks.1 I've bidden and bidden it while I can bide it no longer.
w.Yks. There's noabdy bud the Lord an me, At knaws what ah've
ta bide, INGLEDEW Ballads (1860) 250; w.Yks.1 Lan. Aw con
hardly bide to look on that deceivin' face o' thine, CLEGG David's
Loom (1894) xxiii; Lan.1 We'n bide one another, whatever may
come, WAUGH Jamie's Frolic (1859) ; He gran' an bode, fro day
to day, ib. Cronies (1875) v- e.Lan.1, m.Lan.1, Chs.23 n-Lin.1 Put
it up o' my shou'ders, I can bide th' waaight. Nhp.2 Sur. I canna
bide 'ee goin' w'out, BICKLEY Sur. Hills 1.1890) III. xvii.
Hence (i) Bide, sb. pain, suffering; (2) Bider, sb.
a sufferer ; (3) Biding, vbl. sb. enduring : also in phr. past
biding, beyond endurance; (4) Hidings, vbl. sb. pi.
sufferings ; (5) Bideless, adj. impatient of suffering.
(i) Lth. A terrible bide (JAM.). Gall. Weel kens mine the bide
o't, HARPER Bards (1889) 216. (2) Cum. (M.P.) n.Yks.2 Thoo's
a bad bider. (3) Dur.1, Cum. (M.P.) Wm.1 Ther's no bidin it.
Yks. To mak' life past bidin', Yksman. XXXVI. 454. n.Yks. There's
neea barding we yeh (T.S.). w.Yks.1 It wark'd past bidin. (4)
Sc. (JAM.) Abd. The bydings that I baid, Ross Helenore (1768)
87. (5) Cum. (M.P.)
3. Of things : to need, require.
n.Cy. It will bide billinge [working] at, GROSE (1790). Cum.1
It's bidden a mort o' time, but it's deiinn at last. Wm. Wudsworth's
potry was real hard stuff, and bided a deal of makking, RAWNSLEY
Remin. Wordsworth (1884) 185 ; Wm.1 T'hay hes bidden a lang
while a dryin. w.Yks. My things don't bide a deal of packing
(F.P.T.) ; We say of a sum of money, ' it bides a deal of getting,'
HAMILTON Nugae Lit. (1841) 356 ; w.Yks.1 This job hes bidden
a seet o' doin ; w.Yks.5 T'owd gent al bide a good deal o' waating
on, 22. ne.Lan. They'll bide some wakkenin' as sleep raand here,
MATHER Idylls (1895) 19.
[I. 1. What shall I do the while? where bide? how
live ? SHAKS. Cymb. in. iv. 131 ; For ire he quook, no
lenger wolde he byde, CHAUCER C. T. 1576 ; Bot yeit he
baid seuen dais in rest, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 1907. 3.
Therfore shall a man leaue hys father and mother, and
byde by hys wyfe, CRANMER (1539) Mark x. 7. II. 1.
pe oile o merci most bpu bide, Cursor M. 955. 2. Myche
baret shall bou bide, Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 3483 ; That bide
the pelting of this pitiless storm, SHAKS. K. Lear, HI. iv.
29; There is no woman's sides Can bide the beating of so
strong a passion, Twelfth Nt. n. iv. 97. OE. Kdan (pt.
bad, pp. bidon), to wait.]
BIDE-OWE,^. Obs. e.An. To suffer punishment (?).
[In Sir Thos. Browne's list of words ' peculiar to the East
Angle countries,' and copied into later glossaries.]
Nrf. To bide owe, poenas dare, RAY (1691).
BIDGE, v. Wxf.1 To buy.
[(Thei) camen into Egipte thatthei myjten bigge meetis
(to bie metis, 1388), WYCLIF (1382) Gen. xli. 57 ; To
biggenn ... to sellenn, Ormulum (c. 1200) 15825. OE.
bycgan, to buy ; cp. OS. buggjan.]
BIDING, prep. Yks. [bai'din.] Excepting, except ;
in spite of. Cf. bide, v. IL 1 and 2.
n.Yks. Commonly used by old dalesmen. ' In spite of is a more
mod. meaning. Ah'll marry t'lass biding all 'at comes (R.H.H.) ;
n.Yks.2 Biding all mishaps.
BIEENTER, sb. Sh.I. A continuance of cloudy
weather, always threatening, but never actually raining.
Sh.I. Applied rather to the cold, dry east winds in spring (J.J.).
S. & Ork.1
BIELD, sb. and v. In gen. dial, use throughout Sc. ; also
Nhb. Cum. Dur. Wm. Yks. Lan. Lin. Also written
beild Sc. Dur. Wm. n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 ne.Lan.1;
beeld N.Cy.12 Nhb.1 Cum.3 n.Yks.1 ne.Yks.1 ne.Lan.1
n.Lin.1; beeald Wm.1 ; biel, beil, beel Sc. [bild, bil.]
1. sb. Shelter, refuge. Also transf. a house, any object
which shelters. Cf. burrow, lewth. Also used attrib.
Sc. A wee bush is better than nae bield, RAMSAY Prov. (1737) ;
Thirty yonder . . . that ye have turned out o' their bits o' bields,
SCOTT Guy M. (1815) viii ; Oppressors that hae driven me to tak
the heather bush for a beild, ib. Rob Roy (1817) xxv ; I wull saye
o' the Lord, He is my bield an' my fortriss, RIDDELL Ps. (1857)
xci. 2 ; Under the beild of a hillock, STEVENSON Catriona (1892)
xxx. Abd. To Nory he was aye a tenty bield, Ross Helenore
(1768) 139. Frf. We've a weel plenish'd beild, LAING Wayside
Firs. (,1846) 27. Ayr. Thy bield should be my bosom, BURNS O wert
thou ; An aching arm soon made my bit bield loom o' plenishing,
GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822) xciii. Lnk. Beneath the south side
of a craigy bield, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725) 17, ed. 1783. Edb.
Where he seemed to lie sheltered in the bield of peace and
privacy, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) 227. Slk. Gin I ever
forget my ain cosy bield, CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) IV. 63.
n.Cy. A high fence or skreen to defend cattle from y> cold
(K.) ; And ruined found we byre and bield, TODD Ballads (1895)
29. Nhb.1 ' The beeld side ' of a house or fence. Beelds for sheep,
&c. , are common on the high moors. They are circular or cross
walls of earth or stone. Dnr. (K.) Cum.8 Better a wee buss than
nae beild. Wm. The trees form a bield for the house (B.K.) ;
Wm.1 Yks. These trees mak' a gran' biel at t'side o' t'road
(F.P.T.). n-Yks.1 ' It's a gay good bield when t'wind blaws fell,'
said of a very large and bushy holly growing in the fence of a field ;
n.Yks.2 A bit of a beild in a field-neuk [a hovel in a field-corner] ;
n.Yks.3, ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788) ; Now,
lads, let's gan ti beal sahd ov hedge, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 52 ;
e.Yks.1 The beal-side of a stack or hedge. m.Yks.1 w.Yks. He's
nawther stock nor beild (S.K.C.) ; Ligsaafithbealdot'greenestling,
HOWSON Cur. Craven (1850) 116 ; w.Yks.1 I'd gitten anent sheep
bield, ii. 296. ne.Lan.1, n-Lin.1
2. v. To shelter, protect ; also, to take shelter.
Lnk. Weel she lo'ed the guid aul' carle That biel't her frae the
caulrife warl', HAMILTON Poems (1865) 35. Lth. Birds are singin'
on the tree that beilds thy lanely grave, SMITH Merry Bridal
(1866) 47 ; Scorns his limbs in breeks to bield, BALLANTINE Poems
(1856) 285. Slk. Ilk buss noo that bields us, CURRIE Poems (1883)
36. Cum. T'fox bielded i' Blaeberry Ghyll, DALBY Mayroyd (1880)
III. 189. Wm. T'hoose ligs varra snug . . . an's weel beealt frae t'fell
wind, Spec. Dial. (1865) 3 ; Wm.1 Yks. These are good gardens,
they're se nicely bielded (F.P.T.).
Hence (i) Bielded, ppl. adj. sheltered ; (2) Bielding,
vbl. sb. shelter, protection ; (3) Bieldy, adj. snug, sheltered ;
affording shelter or warmth.
(i) Lnk. There lay Peggy snugly beilded frae the storm, FRASER
Whaups (1895) xii. (2) Sc. Nae beilding can she borrow, RAMSAY
Tea-Table Misc. (1724) I. 190, ed. 1871. (3) It's a bieldy eneuch bit,
SCOTT Waverley (1814) Ixiv. e.Lth. We were sittin doun on the
bieldy side o' the stocks, HUNTER/. Inwick (1895) n. Gall. There
is no reason why ... it should not be the bieldiest and happiest
of homes for us, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) xxxiv ; A place both
bieldy and heartsome, ib. Bog-Myrtle ( 1895) 190. Kcb. An' Spring
peeps cautious on the biely braes, DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 176.
N.Cy.1 Beeldy flannel. Nhb.1 Aa've gettin a beeldy place. n.Yks.2
A brave bieldy house. w.Yks. We'll sit daan an' hev' a reek o'
bacca as sooin as we come to a beildy spot (S.K.C.) ; (S.P.U.) ;
w.Yks.1, ne.Lan.1
BIELD
[261]
BIG
3. ppl. adj. Sheltered.
Lth. Neatand bield a cot-house stood, MACNEILL Poet. Wks. (1801)
129, ed. 1856.
[1. Beeld, shelter, BAILEY (1721) ; This is ourbeild,the
blustring windes to shun, FAIRFAX Tasso (1600) II. Ixxxiv.
36; Ye beald, for wether, vmbraculum, LEVINS Manip.
(1570) ; Hecuba thidder, with hir childir, forbeild Ran all
in vane, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, n. 99. 2. To
beald, adumbrare, protegere, LEVINS Manip.]
BIELD, see Bule.
BIEN, adj. and adv. In gen. use in Sc. Also written
bein, ben. [bin.]
1. Thriving, well-to-do.
Sc. Never fash your head about the changes o' the warld, sae
lang as ye're blithe and bien yoursell, SCOTT Blk. Dwarf (1816) i ;
\ bien man sail hardly gae intil the kingdom o' heaven, HENDERSON
St. Matt. (1862) xix. 23 ; Who keeps us a' bien and comfortable,
WHITEHEAD Daft Davie (1876) 57, ed. 1894. ne.Sc. Bein' a bien an'
comely widow, short o' twa score, GRANT Keckleton, 10. Per. Gin
it be a bien man, tak' half o' what he offers, IAN MACLAREN Brier
Bush (1895) 294. Ayr. She's in bien circumstance, GALT Entail
(1823) ii. Lth. A bien man, but very blate, STRATHESK Blinkbonny
(ed. 1891) 159. Gall. To hear folk that are bien and cosy . . .
cryin' oot on them that's lying amang the hills, CROCKETT Raiders
(1894) xvii. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.)
2. Snug, comfortable, cosy.
Sc. Provision in season makes a bien house, RAMSAY Prov.
(!737) ! A cottage Fu' bein wi' aid warldly store, JAMIESON Pop.
Ballads (1806) 292 ; For mony a. bein nook in many a braw house
has been offered to my hinny Willie, SCOTT Redg. (1824) x. Ayr.
Her house sae bien, her curch sae clean, BURNS Lady Onlie ; This
is an altered house ; they are gane that keepit it bein, GALT Annals
(1821) xxiv ; I grudge a wee the great-folk's gift That live sae bien
and snug, BURNS Ep. to Davie (1784) st, I. Lnk. Crofters ance
dwelt snug an' bien, THOMSON Musings (1881) 7 ; Were your bien
rooms as thinly stock'd as mine, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725) ai,
ed. 1783. Edb. The wife, that used to keep everything bien and
snug, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) xxv. Gall. What a bien and
comfortable downsitting wad ye hae, CROCKETT Cleg Kelly (,1896)
229.
Hence (i) Bien-like, adv. having an appearance of com-
fort and well-being ; (2) Bienly, adv. comfortably, cosily,
happily ; (3) Bienness, sb. prosperity, comfort, the con-
dition of being well-to-do.
(i)Per. It wesyou, then, that sent hame the money fraeAmeriky,
an' set Margetan'him up bien like on their merridge, IAN MACLAREN
Auld Lang Syne (1895) 162. Dmf. MAYNE Siller Gun (1808) 80.
(2) Rnf. Her house is bienlie thacket, PICKEN Poems (1788) 155.
Kcb. Poor hairy-footed thing ! undreaming thou . . . dost bienly
lie, DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 27. (3) Sc. During the dear years
an honest farmer had been reduced from beinness to poverty,
Blackw. Mag. (Oct. 1818) 329 (JAM.). Rnf. There's aye a bien-
ness an' content in cozie hodden-grey, NEILSON Poems (1877") 44.
[1. He harbourit al his burgessis rich and bene, Thrie
Priests (c. 1548) 78 (N.E.D.). 2. Somer fowlis quhilkis
flies, als sone as hervist cummis, to sum bene hous or
secrete hollis, BELLENDEN Livy (1533) ed. 1822, 401.]
BIER, v. Obs. ? n.Cy. Also written beer. To roar or
bellow. Cf. beerin.
n.Cy. He biers like a bull (K.).
[Quhen thay had beirt lyk baitit bulls, Chrysts-kirk Gr.
(c. 1550) xxi, in Ramsay's Evergreen (1761)13. The word
is also found as a sb. : And there I spied a lady fair,
Making a heavy bier . . . and a piteous meen, John of
Ha&elgreen in Child's Pop. Bal. IX. 162.]
BIER-BALK, sb. Obs. Yks. e.An. Ken. A path in
a churchyard along which a bier and coffin may be
carried. See Balk. Also called Bier-way.
n.Yks.2 Particularly the churchyard path which leads from the
Lichgate to the church. Nrf. When the common lands at Alby
were enclosed much difficulty was experienced in stopping one
road, on account of its being an ancient bier-way, ./V. & Q. (1851)
ist S. iv. 240. Ken.1
[Where their ancestors left of their land a broad and
sufficient bier-balk to carry the corpse to the Christian
sepulture, how men pinch at such bier-balks, Homilies
(1563) Rogation Wk.]
BIERLY, see Buirdly.
BIEST, sb. e.An. A wen-like protuberance on the
stem of a growing tree.
e-An.1 Suf. RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 289, ed. 1849; Suf.1
BIFF, sb. Yks. Lin. Also written beeaf Yks. [bif,
bif.] The bough of a tree.
n.Yks. (I.W.), e.Yks.1 Lin. STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes (1884)
113. n-Lin.1 Th' parson leant a stee agen a biff o' an appletrea an'
then saw'd it off.
[The same word as bough, OE. boh. For ex. of OE.
final h becoming/ see Wndhll. Gram. § 319.]
BIFFIN, sb. Yks. e.An. Dor. Written beefin Suf. ;
beefun e.An.1 [bi'fin, bl'fin.] A kind of large, rosy
winter apple, preserved by being dried in bakers' ovens,
and occas. pressed till it becomes soft and flat.
n.Yks.2, e.An.1 Nrf. Our chaaks are more like the Norfolk
biffins, and we doant want nobody to tell us, SPILLING Molly
Miggs (1873) i ; Nrf.1 Suf. (F.H.) Dor. 'And there's two bushels
of biffins for apple-pies,' said Maryann, HARDY Madding Crowd
(1874) xxii.
[Frost-bitten cheeks, as red as a beefen from her own
orchard, GODWIN Caleb Williams (1794) 63 (N.E.D.).
Beefin repr. beefing, beef+ -ing, in ref. to the red colour of
the apple.]
BIG, sb. Obs. ? Lan. Ess. Also written bigge Ess.1
A pap or teat.
Lan. SHADWELL Witches (1682) ; Lan.1 A teat, where the
' familiar ' was said to draw blood from the body of a witch. Ess.
RAY (1691); BAILEY (172!) ; Gl. (1851); (P.R.); Ess.1
[Bigge, a country-word for a pap, or teat, PHILLIPS
(1706) ; Lamb, bulchin, and pig, Geld vnder the big,
TUSSER Hush. (1580) 74.]
BIG, adj. and adv. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf. Not. Lin. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Lon. Nrf. Suf.
Hmp. Som. Cor. Aus. [big.]
1. adj. Of a river or water : swollen, in flood.
w.Som.1 Dhu wau'dr wuz tu baeg- — keod-n goo lau'ng [the
water was too much swollen, I could not go along — i. e. ford it].
[Aus. The creeks would be ' big ' till midday, VOGAN Bk. Police
(1890) xv.]
2. Great with young.
Wm. (B.K.) w.Yks. They said shoo'r big, but doctor said
'twor nought at all but cowld, DOYLE Dollys Gaon (1855) 18.
e.Lan.1, Chs.1, s.Not (J.P.IO, n-Lin.1
3. Of the wind : strong, violent.
nuYks.1 Aye, it's a varry big wind. e.Yks. BEST Rur. Econ.
(1641^ 50. n.Lln.1 I ca'nt bear to be oot in a big wind.
4. adj. and adv. Proud, haughty, consequential, con-
ceited.
Elg. New hat, new breeks, an' something in them clinkin' — His
wife braw an' big, TESTER Poems (1865) 139. Rnf. There's some
sae big they will not dig, BARR Poems (1861) 208. Edb. I was
ower big and ower vexed to hear her, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828)
viii. Nhb.1 s.Chs.1 Ey)z ver-i big in iz yoo kloo-tiz [Key's very
big in his yew (new) clooas]. Stf.2 He went abait as big as yo
pleasen. His felther's bought 'im a new pair o' boots an el's as big
in em as a little lord. Glo. 'E do talk big (A.B.). Nrf. He'd go
walking past here as big as ye please, with his best clothes on,
SPILLING Daisy Dimple (1885) 62. Som. W. & J. Gl. (,1873).
w.Som.1 U suyt tu baeg' vur-z kloa'uz [a deal too big for his
clothes].
5. Friendly, intimate, ' thick.'
Bnff., Gall. (W.G.) Ant. In common local use. John an' me's no
big. SmithandBrownareverybig(W.J.K.); (S.A.B.); (W.H.P.)
6. In phr. (i) big as a barn side, (2) — as a barn door, (3)
- as a bushel, very large ; (4) — as bull beef, (5) — as S,
as proud as a peacock ; (6) — f th' maith, given to
boasting ; (7) to work on the big, to work on piecework ;
cf. agreat.
n.Lin.1 (i) She cot me a shive o' chease iv'ry bit as big as a barn
side. (2^ Faather's maade a blotch up o' th' parlour floor as
big as a barn door. (3) Suf. (F.H.) (4) Stf.2 (5) s-Chs.1 (6)
Chs.1 You may be sure a man as is big i' th' maith hasn't mitch in
him. (7) War. Often used (W.S.B.) ; War.3
7. Comp. (i) Big-bee, a drone; (2) -bug, a consequen-
tial person ; (3) -coat, a top or great-coat ; (4) -end, the
greater part ; (5) -felt, the fieldfare, Turdus pilaris ; (6)
•house, the workhouse ; (7) -mavis, the missel thrush,
Turdus viscivorus ; (8) -miss, a great loss ; (9) -niece, the
BIG
[262]
BIGGER
daughter of a nephew or niece ; (10) -road, the high road ;
(n) -sorted, proud, stuck-up ; (12) -throat, a goitre.
(i) Hmp. (J.R.W.) ; HEATH Eng. Peasant (1893} 138; Hmp.1
(2) Nhb.1 (3) Abd. I busked in my double blues, big coat, an a'
that, BEATTIES Parings (1801) 2, ed. 1873. Ayr. I put on my big-
coat and walked to the kirkyard, GALT Provost (1822) xxiv. (4)
Suf.1 The big-ind of an hour. (5) Ir. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 5.
(6) w.Yks. But him 'at's as poor as a mahse, . . . He mun point his
noas up to th' big hahse, HARTLEY DM. (1868) 13; Leeds Merc.
Sufpl. (Oct. 3, 1891). Lon. As long as they kept out of the ' big
house' she would not complain, MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851)
1. 48. Cor.3 (7) e.Lth. SWAINSON Birds (1885) a. (8) Stf., War.,
Wor. He'll be a big miss when he's gone (H.K.). (9, 10) Cor.3
(n) Shr.1 'E's as big-sorted as ess. Hrf.2 (12) Chs.1
8. In plant-names : (i) Big Buttercup, Caltha palustris,
marsh marigold (Som.) ; (2) — Daisy, id. (e.Yks.)
[2. His gentle lady, Big of this gentleman, SHAKS.
Cymb. i. i. 39. 3. If the wind be big or tempestuous,
BURTON Anat. Mel. (1621) ed. 1896, II. 75; The redder the
rainbow appeareth, even so much the bigger doth the
winde ensue, HYLL Weather (1574) vii (N.E.D.). 4. Nay,
look not big, nor stamp, nor stare, nor fret, SHAKS. T.
Shrew, in. ii. 230.]
BIG, v.1 Wor. Glo. [big.] To make big, to magnify.
s.Wor.1 E's a good un to big 'isself. Glo.1
BIG, v* Obsol. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Also written bigg Sc. ; byg Nhb.1 [big.]
1. To build.
Sc. Rome was not a' bigged in ae day, RAMSAY Prov. (1737) ;
They could a' link out their fifty pounds ower head to bigg a hottle,
SCOTT St.Ronan(\Sa^)u. Sh.I. Strong an ticht we bigg wirhooses,
BURGESS Rasmie (1892) 66. S. & Ork.1 Abd. Gin's fowk be
willin' to big the manse, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xli. Fif.
It's easier to bigg twa chimlies than keep twa in coals, MCLAREN
Tibbie (1894) 97. Ayr. Some spiteful muirfowl bigs her nest,
BURNS Tarn Samson (1787) st. 13 ; Two or three carts of stones
to big a dyke round the new steading, GALT Provost (1822) xv.
e.Lth. The doo that bigs her nest in the hole o' the rock, HUNTER
J. Inwick (1895) 126. Slk. That wee, cosy cradle was bigged there
by the hand o' Him that hung the sun, CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856)
III. 3. Gall. So I biggit me this bit house, CROCKETT Moss-Hags
(1895) xxxi. N.I.1 Come and see Billy biggin. n.Cy. (K.) ; N.Cy.12,
Nhb.1 Cum. Obs. (M.P.) ; The grass green common bigg'd on,
STAGG Misc. Poems (1805) 136, ed. 1807 ; Gl. (1851). Wm. Ithes
girt thick woes es far throo es three er fower et meeast a thor et
fooak big noo-a-daes, Spec. Dial. (1880) pt. ii. i ; Thear wur
woaars biggin a girt grand hause, WHEELER Dial. (1790) 75 ; Wm.1
n.Yks.1 He's biggin' his-sel1 a gran' new hoos' ; n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1
Obs. m-Yks.1 w.Yks. (S.K.C.); Aw bigged it, let me tell tha,
SNOWDEN Tales Wolds (1893) vii; w.Yks.1 Lan. DA VIES Races
(1856) 270; Yo'n never big another heawse like that, WAUGH
Sketches (1855) 99 ; Lan.1 Then they bigged yon new barn upo'
th' knowe, ib. (ed. 1869) 205. e.Lan.1
Hence (r) Bigger, sb. a builder ; (2) Bigging, the act of
building ; (3) Biggit,///. adj. built.
(i) Sc. The stane whilkthe biggers rejeckit, HENDERSON S/. Matt.
(1862) xxi. 42. Abd, Still used (W.M.). (2) Sc. I mind the bigg-
ing o't, SCOTT Antiquary (1816) iv. Abd. The biggin o' a score o'
hooses wud be a mere trifle, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xvi.
Cum.1 (3) Sc. Them that is bred in biggit wa's for naething but
to bind bairns' heads, SCOTT GuyM. (1815) xlvii. Abd. Well fell's
us 'at's in biggit bouns [built walls] ; I pity them 'at's far frae towns,
BEATTIES Parings (1813) 34, ed. 1873. Ayr. There never was
a droller-like creature seen entering a biggit land, GALT Sir A.
Wylie(i8aa) x. e.Lth. A muckle, weel-biggit hoose it was, HUNTER
J. Inwick (1895) 158.
2. With prep, up : to confirm or support in an opinion ;
to devote oneself constantly to a person or idea.
Inv. Occas. heard (H.E.F.). Bnff.1 He's sae muckle biggit up
in's ain opingin. He's sae sair biggit up in "ir it he canna see day-
licht till 'ir. A'body biggit up the silly loon it he wid get siller
gehn he howkit i' the fairy hillock. Ya needna big 'im up wee
the thocht o' gettin' awa. Abd. They're terrible biggit up in that
opingon (W.M.).
3. With prep, round or upon : to surround, fall upon,
attack. Abd. (JAM.)
[Byggyn or bildyn, edifico, Prompt. ; pe bemes of my
brighthede are bygged with be beste, York Plays (c. 1400) 4.
ON. byggja, to inhabit, to build.]
The large white
BIGAROO, sb. Ken. [bi'garu.]
heart cherry. Also called Bigaroon.
Ken. (H.M.); (P.M.) ; (W.F.S.) ; Ken.1
[Morocco cherry, the Egriot, Bigarreaux, &c., EVELYN
Kal. Hortense (1699) 88 ; The backward cherries or
Bigarros, ib. (1693) L 73. Fr. bigarreau : Bigarreaus, a kind
of cherries, which be half white, half red (COTGR.).
The form bigaroon is due to Prov. bigarrouno (PiAT).]
BIGD, sb. Sh.I. A building, a house.
Sh.I. Used for fishing-lodges, or stone huts in which fishermen
live during summer. Also applied familiarly to a large, fine house
(J.J.). S. ftOrk.1
[ON. bygd, residence, abode ; inhabited land ; cp. bua, to
live, dwell. Norw. dial, bygd, a small inhabited district
(AASEN).]
BIGG, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Der. Nrf.
Suf. Also written big (JAM.) Cum. Wm.1 n.Yks.2 w.Yks.1
Der.1 Nrf.1 ; byg Wm.1 ; bygg Nhb. [big.]
1. A coarse kind of barley, with four rows on each head.
See Bear, sb?
Or.I. The vegetable productions are big, a small species of barley,
of which meal and malt are made, Statist. Acc.V.^o-j. Dmf. Bear
or big is sown from the beginning to the 2oth of May, ib. IV. 460
(JAM.). nuCy. (K.); N.Cy.1 Nhb. Beer, Bigg, or four-rowed Barley,
used to be the only species of barley cultivated in the county,
MARSHALL Review (1808) I. 77 ; Otes, bygg, botchery and whete,
RICHARDSON Borderers Table-bk. (1846) VI. 147 ; Nhb^The word
survives in the street name of Bigg Market, in Newcastle. Cum.
White shows the rye, the big of blaker hue, RELPH Misc. Poems
(i74?)I3; Gi(i8si). Wm. Haver, and a species of barley, called
bere or bigg, were the only grains it produced, Lonsdale Mag.
(1822) III. 324 ; (A.T.) ; They swallow land nags as hens dus big,
BorrowdaleLeit.(i^); Wm.1 n.Yks. (W.H.) ; n. Yks.12, ne.Yks.1
w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781); (J.T.); w.Yks.1, Lan.1, Der.1,
e.An.1, Nrf.1 Suf. RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 289, ed. 1849.
2. Comp. (i) Bigg-awns, beards of barley; (2) -bread,
barley bread ; (3) -malt, barley malt ; (4) -meal, barley
meal.
(i) Cum. (M.P.) (2) Wm. Bigg-bread diptincollopfat (B.K.). (3)
Nhb.1 Good Big-malt is to be Sold, at as. 6d. per Bushell, by Robert
Sorsbie, Newc., Advt. in Newc. Courant (Aug. 29, 1713). (4) Cum.
Still occas. spoken of, esp. in reference to the favourite remedy for
inflammation, 'a bigg-meal poultice '(M.P.) ; N. & Q. (1873) 4th S.
xii. 402.
[Hordeum Polystichum vernum is called of our English
Northerne people, Big, and Big Barley, GERARDE Herb.
(ed. 1633) ?i ! Bigge, corne, hordeum quadratum, LEVINS
Manip. (1570). ON. bygg, also Norw. dial., see AASEN.]
BIGGADIKE, sb. Yks. A navvy, ditch-delver,
drainer. Cf. big, v?
n.Yks. Obs. (T.S.) ; n.Yks.2 Only once heard.
BIGGEN, v. Nhb. Yks. Chs. Lin. Suf. [bi'gan.]
1. To grow big, to increase in size.
s.Chs.1 Said especially of a pregnant woman. n-Lin.1 Tonups
is bigennin' fast wi' this raain. Suf. In common use (F.H.).
2. re/I. To give oneself airs.
s-Chs.1 Ey big-nz imsel" iip, dii)r
dunnot hey ?]
3. To recover strength after lying-in.
N.Cy.i, Nhb.1 w.Yks. WILLAN ListWds. (1811).
Hence Biggening, vbl. sb. the recovery of a woman
after confinement.
n.Cy. (K.) ; N.Cy.2 I wish you a good biggening. Nhb.1, Chs.123
[1. All waters biggen the further they run, BLITHE
Eng. Improv. (1649) 53 (N.E.D.). 3. Biggening, up-rising
of women, COLES (1677). Big, adj. + en, cp. thicken.]
BIGGER, v.1 Yks. To increase in size, grow' bigger.'
Cf. big, adj.
n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 ' It biggers on't,' the building increases.
m.Yks.1
BIGGER, v? Yks. [bi'gar.]
1. To build. Cf. big, v.2
n.Yks. Thah neck is like the toor o' David, biggerM for an armery,
ROBINSON Whitby Sng. Sol. (1860) iv. 4 ; n.Yks.2
2. Comp. Biggerstangs, scaffolding poles for building.
n.Yks.2 They're boun te bigger't ageean, they've gitten t'bigger-
stangs sledded [drawn to the spot].
, dii)nut ey ? [Hey biggens himsel up,
1.
the greatest, most.
biggest fowert things theer yer
BIGGEST [263]
BIGGEST, adj. Not. Lin. Oxf. Sur.
Of number or quantity : th
.Lin.1 The biggest part o' them
moore aboot farmin' consarns then a swalla' knaws aboot snaw-
blasts. Oxf.1 These be the biggist part on um, MS. add. Sur.1
I was there the biggest part of the day.
2. Used as an augmentative with superlatives ex-
pressing contempt, disgust, and the like.
s.Not. There was some o" the biggest fowe:
iver seed (J.P.K.).
BIGGIN, sb.1 Nhp. War. Cor. Written biggan Cor.2 ;
biggen Nhp.1 [bi'gin.] A child's cap ; a nightcap
without a border.
Nhp.1 War. WISE Sliakespere (1861) 151. Cor. Randigal
Rhymes (1895) Gl. ; Cor.2 MS. add. ; Cor.3 [' From the biggen
to the night cap,' i. e. from childhood to old age (K.).]
[Beguin, a biggin for a child (CoTGR.) ; As he whose
brow with homely biggen bound, SHAKS. 2 Hen. IV, iv. v.
27. OF. beguin, a coif tied under the chin, worn by the
be'guines, members of lay sisterhoods in the Low
Countries (HATZFELD).]
BIGGIN, sb.2 Obs. Der.1 An afternoon meal. See
Bagging, sb.
BIGGDJ(G, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Also written biggen N.Cy.1 ; biggin Sc. N.I.1 Nhb.1 Wm.
& Cum.1 Wm.1 n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 Lan.1 e.Lan.1
[bi-gin.]
1. A building, house, cottage ; a hut covered with mud
or turf. Cf. big, v.2
Sc. You are ... the lad that will build up the auld biggin again,
SCOTT Blk. Dwarf (1816) iii ; Parting frae the auld bigging whare
I hae dwelt sae lang, ib. Rob Roy (1817) xviii. Sh.I. He's a fill 'at
maks a biggin . . . Tinkin it can staand for ever, BURGESS Rasmie
(1892) 68. Abd. See yon tidy little biggin', Wi' its windows clear
as day, OGG Willie Waly (1873! 55. Ayr. Some auld houlet-
haunted biggin, BURNS On Capt. Grose. Lnk. O, weel, weel I like
the bit wee thackit biggin', THOMSON Musings (1881) 5. Slk.
I was born, as Burns says, in an ' auld clay biggin,' CHR. NORTH
Nodes (ed. 1856) III. 87. N.I.1, N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Cum. Sing hey for
a snug clay-biggin, ANDERSON Ballads (1808) 29, ed. 1840 ; (J. Ar.) ;
Gl. (1851). Wm. & Cum.1 About her crazy biggin Rwoard the hollow
whurlblast keen, 150. Wm. Run up streight toth top oth biggin,
WHEELER Dial. (1790) 75; Wm.1, n.Yks.1 2 ne.Yks.1 Obs.
w.Yks. About to fall asleep wi' the length of the sermon and the
heat of the biggin', BRONTE Shirley (1849*1 xxx ; Towards the high
wall of a rough biggin, SNOWDEN Tales Wolds (1893) i ; (C.A.F.) ;
WILLAN List Wds. (1811) ; w.Yks.14 Lan. But the biggins we big
last till doomus-day, ROSY Trad. (1872) II. 125 ; (K.) ; When he
had finished his biggin, . , . he set up the loom, BRIERLEY Waver-
low (1863) 53, ed. 1884 ; Lan.1 Th' orchart's gwon ; . . . nobbut
a twothre at's laft o'eranent this biggin, WAUGH Sketches (1859^
205. e-Lan.1
2. A built-up pillar of stone for support to the roof, in
a mine. Nhb.1
[1. Biggin or Bigging. In the Northern parts is used
for a fair house or gentlemans seat, BLOUNT (1681) ;
Byggynge . . . edtficium, Prompt. ; To se bigginges and
fair tunes, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 23453. Icel. oygging,
buildings or houses (VIGFUSSON).]
BIGGLE, v. Cum. [bi'gl.] To blindfold.
Cum. T'bull sud be biggelt, DICKINSON Cumbr. < 1876) 252 ; Cum.1
Hence Biggly, sb. the game of blind man's buff.
Cum.1 When the boy is blindfolded, another turns him gently
round and says, 'Antony blindman kens ta me, sen I bought butter
and cheese o' thee ? I ga' tha my pot, I ga' tha my pan, I ga' tha
o' I hed but a rap ho'penny I gave a poor oald man.
[Perh. the same word as Fr. bigler, to look askew
(HATZFELD).]
BIGGONET(S, sb. Sc. A linen cap or coif.
Sc. The queen tore her biggonets for perfect anger, SCOTT Mid-
lothian (1818) xxiv; The young gudewife, strong in the charms of
her Sunday gown and biggonets, ib. Bride of Lam. (1819} xiii ;
Gie to me my bigonet, My bishop's satin gown, MICKLE There's
nae Luck. Rnf. He brings me hame a bigonet, ALLAN Poems
(1836) 121. Lnk. Good humour and white bigonets shall be
Guards to my face to keep his love for me, RAMSAY Gentle Shep.
('725)37, ed. 1783.
[Biggin, sb.1 + -et, dim. suff.]
BIKE
BIGHES, sb. pi. e.An.1 Jewels, ornaments.
BIGHT, sb. Sc. Yks.Chs. Also written bought Chs.28 ;
height Chs. ; bicht Sc.
1. A bend, esp. a curve in the animal or human body.
Chs. (K.) ; (P.R.) ; RAY (1691) ; Chs.1 The bight of the elbow ;
Chs.3
2. Anything folded or doubled, esp. the loop in a rope.
Sh.I. A bucht or bicht is a certain measure of the length of a coil
of fishing-line (J.J.). Abd.(W.M.),Lth.(jAM.\n.Yks.2 Chs.^Chs.2
A bought of paper, a sheet of paper ; Chs.3 [Adding at each end
two or three bights of twine, LOWSON Mod. Farrier (1844) 195.]
3. A bay, creek ; a projection in a river.
Sh.I. Dy loch is fu o boanie bichts, BURGESS Rasmie (1891) 73.
Abd. (W.M.), N.Cy.1, Chs.13
[1. Bight of a horse is the inward bent of the chambrel,
also the bent of the knees in the fore-legs, KERSEY
(1715) ; pe byjt of be byjes, Gawayne (c. 1360) 1349. 2.
A bight, circulus rudentis in orbem convoluti, COLES
(1679). 3. Bight is a small bay between two points of
land, FALCONER Diet. Marine (1769). OE. byht, a bend,
conn. w. bugan, to bow, to bend.]
BIGHTER, sb. Sh.I. The stone attached to fishing
lines to keep them down under water.
Sh.I. In common use (K.I.). S. & Ork.1
BIGHTSOM, adj. Sc. Light, active.
n.Sc. She gies her clouk a bightsom bow, Up fly the knots ol
yellow hue, MORISON Poems (17901 in (JAM.).
[Prop, flexible,' pliant. Bight, sb. + -some. Cp. buxom
(ME. buhsum).]
BIGLY, adj. Obs. Sc. [bi'gli.] Pleasant, delightful,
commodious.
Sc. And as he neared her bigly bower, The fainer ay he grew,
JAMIESON Pop. Ballads (1806) I. 198. Slk. She has ta'en her to
her bigly bour As fast as she could fare, SCOTT Minstrelsy (1802)
II. n (JAM.).
[To byggly blys we bothe wer brought, York Plays (c.
1400) 30. Prop, habitable, fit or pleasant to dwell in.
BIGNESS, sb. Yks. War. Hrt. Som. [bi'gnas.] Size,
extent, bulk.
n.Yks.2 Neea great sets o' bigness. War.3 It aint much of
a bigness. Hrt. A small proportionable dwindling bigness, ELLIS
Mod. Husb. (1750) I. i. w.Som.1 Hon I zeed it fust, twadn on'y the
bigness [baeg'nees] of a pin's 'ead. Bout the bigness of a good
big turmut.
BIGOTED, adj. w.Yks.2 Stupid, self-willed (without
reference to any religious intolerance).
BIGOTTY, sb. and adj. Nrf. Suf. Som. Amer. Also
written begotty Som. ; bigety w.Som.1
1. adj. Bumptious, overbearing, self-willed. Cf. bigoted.
e-An.1 Snf. N. & Q. (1874) sth S. ii. 326. Som. W. & J. Gl.
(1873) ; In full use (W.P.W.). w.Som.1 Nothing suggestive of
religious intolerance is implied. Maayn beg-utee luyk, id-n ur ?
[very bumptious (like), is he not ?] [U.S.A. Dial. Notes (1895) 384.]
2. sb. Pride, conceit, haughtiness.
w.Nrf. He is that proud and full of bigoty he wouldn't axe for
nothin', ORTON Beeston Ghost (1884) 14.
[1. Der. of lit. E. bigot with adj. suff. -y. 2. The sb. is
prob. due to a contam. of lit. E. bigotry with the adj.
bigotty.]
BIG OX-EYE, sb. Sc. The great titmouse, Parus
major.
Frf., e.Lth., Rxb. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 32.
BIGSIE, adj. and adv. Sc. Rather large ; proud, con-
ceited ; gen. used contemptuously.
Abd. He's a bigsie body. The bantam's a bigsie crater (G.W. ) ;
The bigsie craitur gaed ben the kirk, wi's heid i' the air (W.M.) ;
Ye needna be sae bigsie in yer wyes (G.W.).
[Biggish + -ie, dim. suff.]
BIJEN, int. Wm. Yks. Lan. Truly ; an exclamation
of surprise.
Wm. Bijen! That nag can trot! (B.K.) w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds.;
w.Yks.1. ne.Lan.1
BIKE, sb.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Wm. Yks. Also
written beik GAM.) ; byke (JAM.) Nhb.1 [baik.]
1. A nest of wild bees, wasps, &c. ; a nestful of bees,
a swarm.
BIKE
[264]
BILF
Sc. Folly to have stuck my head into such a byke of wasps,
STEVENSON Catriona (1892) x. Abd. Like bumbles in a byke,
Guidman Inglismaill (1873) 47, ed. 1875. Per. Ye shouldna say
the hinnie's good Afore ye tak' the bike, NicoLi.Poen:s (1837 298,
ed. 1843; The factor lies stirred a wasps'-byke when he meddled
wi' Drumtochty, IAN MACLAREN Auld Lang Syne (1895) 37.
Ayr. As bees bizz out wi' angry fyke When plundering herds
assail their byke, BURNS Tarn o' Shunter ( 1790); I hae seen the
folks sitting in the balks of the kirk like bykes o' bees, N. & Q.
(1873) 4th S. xii. 307. Slk. He's comin here wi' the haill bike
about his head, CHR. NORTH Noctes(ed. i856UII.ai. Gall. There's
as many ways of it as bees in a byke, CROCKETT Stictit Min.
(1893) 106. NX1, Uls. (M.B.-S.), N.Cy.1 Nhb. The bee's i' th'
byke, RICH ARDSON Borderer's Table-bk. (1846) VIII. 183 ; Nhb.',Dur.
(K.), Wm.1, n-Yks.1 ne.Yks.1 Ah's funnd yan o' them bee-bikes.
2. Fig. A nest, habitation, building.
Sc. As a' belongin' to ae fause-made byke, ALLAN Lilts (1874)
77 ; For nocht but a house-wife was wantin' To plenish his weel-
foggit byke, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads (1806) I. 293. Fif. The bonny
cosy byke, whair he Had cuddlit monya centurie, TENN ANT Papistry
(1827) 3.
3. Fig. A gathering, assembly of people ; also in phr.
to scale the bike, to disperse an assembly.
Sc. A bike o' the maist lawless, unchristian limmers, SCOTT Rob
Roy (1817) xxvi ; This busy byke of a city, STEVENSON Catriona
(1892) xxiii. Ayr. The glowran byke, Frae town to town I draw
that, BURNS Jolly Beggars (1785^ St. 49; There was na a blither
bike o' drouthy neibours in a' the shire, GALT Lairds (1826) iii.
Lnk. Let the greedy bike Stockjob the warld amang them as they like,
RAMSAY Works (1800) II. 321 (JAM.) ; They [the Radicals] would,
to use a favourite phrase, ' skale the bike,' HAMILTON Poems (1865)
239. Gall. Disturbing a conventicle- ' skailing a bees' byke,' as it
was called, CROCKETT Moss-Hags (1895) xx- Nnb- Deil scale the
byke frae Redless Syke, Coquet Dale Sngs. (1852) 109.
4. Fig. A windfall, an unexpected good fortune.
Twd. He has gotten, or fund, a gude bike (JAM.).
5. Obs. ? A building for the storing of grain.
Cal. The corn is thrashed out and preserved in the chaff in
bykes, which are stacks in shape of bee-hives, PENNANT Tour
(1769) 157 (JAM.).
[1. Ane tod was ouirset with ane bike of fleis, BELLENDEN
Boece (1533) ed. 1821, II. 271 ; Wormes shalle in you
brede as bees dos in the byke, Towneley Myst. (c. 1460)
325 ; Hir luue sco haldes lele ilike, pat suetter es ban
hony o bike, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 76.]
BIKE, sb.2 Sc. Also written byke (JAM.) Bnff.1 The
hook of the crook by which cooking vessels are sus-
pended over the fire.
Bnff.1, w.Sc. (JAM.)
BIKE, v. Sc. Also written byke. [baik.] To
swarm like bees ; also fig. to gather, assemble, crowd.
Cf. bike, sb.1
Sc. The lads about me biket, A. SCOTT Poems (1805^ 16 (JAM.).
Abd. Bees first pair'd afore they byket Or gathered honey, SHIRREFS
Poems (1790) 358. Kcd. Saw ye e'er in sunny August Bees to
bloomin' heather byke ? GRANT Lays (1884) 70.
Hence Byking, vbl. sb. a hive, a swarm.
Slk. We haena cheer for oursels, let abe for a byking o' English
lords and squires, HOGG Perils of Man (1822) I. 57 (JAM.).
BILBERRY, sb. Yks. Chs. Der. Lin. Lei. Wor. Shr.
Hrf. Also in form bilber Yks. [bi'lbari.] Vaccinium
tnyriillus. Known also as Blaeberry, Whortleberry,
Wimberry, q.v.
w.Yks. Getherin facts in a hurry is like getherin bilber in a hurry,
HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1876) 23 ; Sandwitches wor as plentiful as
bilbers on a moor, ib. (1879) 30 ; w.Yks.3, Chs.123, Der.12, nw.Der.1,
ne.Wor. (J.W.P.), Shr.', Hrf.12
[Wortle berries called in England worts, whortle berries,
blacke-berries, bill-berries, and bull-berries, and in some
places win-berries, GERARDE Herb. (ed. 1633) 1417. With
the form bilber cp. Da. b^lle-baer, ' vaccinium uliginosum.']
BILBIE, sb. Sc. Shelter, residence.
Ags. (JAM.) Frf. She's auld wecht, and may find bilbie in queer
places, BARRIE Minister (1891) viii.
BILBO-CATCH, sb. Nrf. Sus. Also written bibler-
catch Sus.12; bilver-ketch Nrf. The game of cup and
ball.
Nrf.1 HONE Year-b/t. (1832) 1297 ; GROSE (1790) MS. add.
Sus.12
[Bilbocatch at which George is indefatigable, JANE
AUSTEN Lett. (1808) ed. 1884, II. 26 (N.E.D.) ; Bilboquets,
battledores and shuttlecocks, EDGEWORTH Good French
Governess (1801) 100 (STANFORD) ; To set up the noble
fame of bilboquet, WALPOLE Lett. (1743) ed. 1834, I- 253-
r. bilboquet, the plaything ' cup and ball,' in Rabelais
I. 22 bille boucquet ; cp. COTGR. (s.v. Billeboquet).]
BILBOES, sb. pi. Ken. Sur. A wooden frame-
work by which a cow's head is secured at milking-time.
Ken. (P.M.) ; ' W.F.S.) Sur.1 <
[In lit. E. the word occurs in sense of shackles attached
to bars of iron. I lay Worse than the mutines in the
bilboes, SHAKS. Hamlet, v. ii. 6.]
BILCH, sb. Sc. Also written bilsh, belch, bailch, q.v.
1. A fat, lusty person or animal.
s.Sc. I was but a little bilsh o' a callan then, Blackw. Mag. (Mar.
1823) 316. Wgt. A short belsh o' a beast (A.W.).
Hence Bilshie, adj. short, plump, thriving. Slk. (JAM.)
2. Phr. a bursen belch, one who is breathless from cor-
pulence. 3. A monster. 4. A brat ; a contemptuous
name for a child. 5. A little, crooked, insignificant person.
Slk. (JAM.)
BILCH, v. Rxb. (JAM.) To limp, to halt. Hence
Bilcher, sb. one who halts. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.]
BILCOCK, sb. n.Cy. (i) The moorhen, Gallinula
chloropus ; also called Bilter. (2) The water-rail, Rallus
aquaticus.
n.Cy. (i~] SWAINSON Birds (1885) 178. (a) ib. 176 [FoRSTER
Swallows (1817) 89 ; MORRIS Hist. Brit. Birds (1857).]
BILDER, sb.1 and v. Nhb. Yks. [bHda(r).]
1. sb. A wooden mallet with long handle, used for
breaking clods.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, w.Yks.1
2. v. To level ground by breaking the clods.
n.Yks.2 Used in expression ' to bilder and bray.' w.Yks. Yks.
N. & Q. (1888) II. 15 ; w.Yks.*
Hence (i) Bildard, sb. one who understands tillage;
(2) Bildering, vbl. sb. levelling the ground, breaking the
clods.
(i) n.Yks.2 (a) w.Yks. WATSON Hist. Hlfx. (1775) 534.
3. To work hard.
n.Yks. Bilderin' and working ov a yat summer day. He bilders
and works (I.W.).
BILDER, sb.2 Frf. (JAM.) A scab. [Not known to
our correspondents.]
BILDER(S, sb. Also written belder, beller, biller(s,
bullers, bylders e. An.1 (i) Oenanthe crocata, water drop-
wort (I.W. Dev. Cor.); (2) Heracleum sphondylium,
common cow-parsnip (Som. Dev. Cor.) ; (3) Nasturtium
officinale, watercress (Irel. e.An.) ; (4) Helosciadium nodi-
jflorum, cress (Dev.) ; (5) The flowers of any umbelliferous
plants, as chevril, cow-parsley, hog-nut, &c. (w.Som.
Dev.)
(i) I.W. C.J.V.), I.W.1, Cor.1 (a) w.Som.1 Dev. ./V. & Q.
(1877) sth. S. viii. 166; Dev.4 Clear them billers out o' the vill,
an' put 'em in a hape to burn. nw.Dev.1, Cor.12 (3) NX1, e.An.1,
Nrf.1 (5) Dev.«
[Lauer. . . . Some call it belders or bell-ragges, some
yealow water cresses, COOPER (1565). Prob. a Celtic
word. Cp. Gael, biolaire, water-cresses ; Ir. biolar, Olr.
biror, Wei. berwr, Cornish beler, Bret, beler. With the
Celtic words we may compare Lat. berula, whence Fr. berle,
Sp. be'rro. See MACBAIN, also Alphita (s.v. Berula) ai.]
BILDERING, ppl. adj. Yks. [bHdarin.] See Bilder.
Lumbering, clumsy. n.Yks. (I.W.)
BILDERT, adj. Obs. n.Cy. A term of contempt.
[Not known to our correspondents.]
N.Cy.1 Ye little bildert. Nhb. Obs. (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.1
BILE, sb. Nrf. Also written byle. A semi-circular
wooden hoop at the end of a scythe.
Nrf. (H.T.C.-H.)
BILF, sb.1 Sc. (JAM.) A depreciatory expression.
See Bilch.
Edb. Nursen' thae muckle bilfs o' kytes o' yours, St. Patrick
(1819) III. 265.
BILF
[265]
BILLY
BILF, sb.* Ayr. Lan. (JAM.) A blunt stroke, a hit.
BILGET, sb. n.Sc. A wooden projection for the
support of a shelf, &c.
n.Sc. A piece of wood built into walls at doors on which to nail
the door-standards, or posts to which the doors are hinged (W.G.).
Abd. (JAM.}
BILIMENTS, sb. pi. Obs. Suf.1 Clothing, habiliments.
[Not known to our correspondents.]
[She hadd billaments worth a hundred pound, Young
Andrew, 17, in Child's P. B. II. 433; Dorlot, a jewel or
pretty trinket, as a chain, billement, &c., wherewith
a woman sets out her apparel or decks herself, COTGR.
OFr. habillement, Ce qui sert a habiller (HATZFELD).]
BILK, sb. and v. Yks. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Hrt.
Lon. Slang, [bilk.]
1. sb. A cheat, one who cheats.
War.3 Cant. I have had to let eight men through the gate and
not a penny from any— what a bilk ! LYTTON PaulCliffbrd 1 1848)222.
2. v. To cheat, to refuse to pay ; to frustrate, dis-
appoint.
w.Yks.2 Not.2 He owed me iver so much, but he bilked me.
n.Lin.1 Lei.1 Fret, and pp. bilk. Nhp. But hang all sorrows, now
I'll bilk 'em. CLARE Poems (1820^ 90. War.23,Hrt. (H.G.) Lon.
I've been bilked by the prigs, MAYHEW Land. Labour 1851) I. 181.
Hence Bilker, sb. one who hires a hackney carriage and
slips off without paying.
[Gl. Lab. (1894).]
3. A term in cribbage.
[A man is said to be bilkt at cribbets when he gets nothing, can
make never a game, RAY (1691).]
[2. To bilk, to disappoint or deceive ; to gull, or bubble,
PHILLIPS (1706) ; Beleiving the persons therein would
bilk the coachman, LUTTRELL Brief Rel. (1692) ed. 1857,
II. 412 (N.E.D.).]
BILKIE, sb. S. & Ork.1 Gristle, cartilage.
BILL, sb.1 Irel. The puffin, Fratercula arctica.
Glw. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 219.
BILL, sb? and v.1 Nhb. Lin. Nhp. War. Shr. Amer.
[bil.]
1. sb. A bank note.
sw.Lin.1 1 haven't any gold, I've no-but a bill. Nhp.1, War.2
Shr.1 I hanna got no cash, Maester, nuthin' but a bill. Sometimes
the term Bank-bill is used for the same thing. [U.S.A. He said he
had nothing but ' bills ' about him . . . and he produced a roll of
Bank of England notes ! N. & Q. (1890) 7th S. ix. 33.]
2. The pit pay-sheet.
Nhb. Eight or a dozen men's earnings are put into one bill, as
they call it, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843^ 18 ; Nhb.1
3. Comp. Bill-day, the day on which the viewer examines
the colliery account. Nhb.1
4. v. To insert in the pay-sheet.
Nhb. Then comes the care To find that all is rightly bill'd, WILSON
Pitman's Pay (1843) pt. i. St. 7. [Gl. Lab. (1894).]
BILL, v.2 Obs. ? Cum. Yks. To work hard. Hence
Billing, vbl. sb. in phr. to bide billing at, to require, bear
working at. [Not known to our correspondents.]
Cum. GROSE (1790). Yks. (K..} n.Yks. It will bide us billing
at, MERITON Praise Ale (1684) 1. 106. m.Yks.1 Billing at it.
BILLARD, sb. Obs. Sus. An imperfect capon.
Sus. RAY (1691) ; (K.) ; GROSE '1790). [WORLIDGE Diet. Rustic.
(1681).]
BILL-BLO, sb. Lnk. A bull.
Lnk. D'ye think that our bill-bio Cares an ait-straw if ye hae
faith or no? BLACK Falls Clyde (1806) 133. Bio is an usual addition
to the word bill [bull], Author's note, 215.
[Bill is the common Sc. form of bull. As yell's the Bill,
BURNS Add. to Deil, 10.]
BILL-BRIGHTER, sb. Slang. In Winch. School:
a small faggot for lighting fires.
Slang. ADAMS Wykehamica (i^K) w, COPE Gl.(i 883) ; (A.D.H.)
BILL-BUTTON, sb. Wil.1 Water avens, Geum rivals.
Cf. billy-button.
BILL-CLAMER, sb. n.Yks.2 A bill-sticker. See
Clame, v. Also called Bill-clagger.
BILLED, adj. Som. Dev. Distracted, half mad.
Som.W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng. (1869). w.Som.1
Doa'n ee keep aup jush raa'tl, yue-ul drai~v mee bul'ud [do not
VOL. I.
keep up such rattle, you will drive me wild]. Dev. MOORE Hist.
Dev. (1829^ I. 353. n.Dev. ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) Gl.
BILLERY-DUCKS, sb. pi. War.2 Bilious or melan-
choly attacks.
[Possibly corrupted from ' biliary ducts.']
BILLET, sb.1 Sc. Yks. Lan. Der. Lin. Nhp. Hrt. Suf.
Ken. Hmp. Amer. [bi'lat, bi-lit.]
1. Wood cut to a convenient size for burning.
[MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). Amer., N.B., Nfld., N.S. Dial. Notes
(1895) 377-1 •
Hence Billeting, sb. firewood. n.Lin.1
2. A log, piece of wood ; also used attrib.
Gall. He was makin' an' awfu' face, an' the billet took him fair
atween the een, CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (1895) 379. Nhp.12 Hrt.
Billet wood, for making cogs of wheels, ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750)
VII. ii. Suf. The long billet forced at last to bend, While gushing
sap froths out at either end, BLOOMFIELD Farmer's Boy (1805) pt.
iv. 1. 81.
3. A piece of wood pointed at each end, used in farming.
Lan.1
4. A tip-cat ; the game of tip-cat.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Oct. 3, 1891). Lan. Manch. City
News ;Oct. 3, 1896). Der.2, nw.Der.1
5. The spread-bat, or swingle-bar, to which a horse's
traces are attached so as to keep them apart. See
Bat, sb.1 Ken l
6. In comp. Billet-head, a elect by which a keel is
moored when lying still in the river. Nhb.1
7. A bundle of reeds ; cuttings of osiers.
Nhp.1, Hmp.1
[1. A letter is like a fresh billet of wood upon the fire,
SOUTHEY Letter (1821) in Life (1850) V. 58 ; Billet, lig-
num crassius crematile, SKINNER (1671) ; Busche, a logge,
or back stock ; a great billet, COTGR. 2. A billet, bacillus,
truncus, COLES (1679) ; Byllet shyde of woode, buchette,
PALSGR. (1530). Fr. billette; Fagot de billettes, nom,
dans quelques provinces de ce qu'on nomme, jl Paris,
cotret (LITTRE).]
BILLET, sb.2 Som. A mess, a scrape, a 'kettle of
fish.'
w.Som.1 Yuur-z u puur-dee biil-ut, shoa-ur nuuf ! [here is a
pretty concern, sure enough !] U fuyn biil-ut ee-d u-gaut, vur tu
git-n tu geo- [a fine job he had to get him to go].
[This use is der. fr. the soldier's 'billet.' Hence any
situation or position may be called a ' billet.' Fr. billet •
billet de logement, constatant qu'un soldat a droit d'etre
loge chez rhabitant (HATZFELD).]
BILLET, sb? Yks. The immature coal-fish, Mer-
langus carbonarius.
n.Yks.1 In an intermediate condition between Pennockand Coal-
fish. [SATCHELL (1879).]
BILLET-METAL, sb. w.Yks.2 A soft white or yellow
metal cast in sprays and stamped in a die-billet to make
the shields of knives.
BILLIE, see Billy.
BILL-KNIFE, sb. Nhb.1 A cleaver.
[Bill repr. E. bill, applied to various cutting weapons
and implements.]
BILLOWS, sb. pi. Obs. ? Nrf. Snowdrifts. [Not
known to our correspondents.]
Nrf. N. & Q. (1867) 3rd S. xi. 371.
BILL-SLIPS, phr. Lan. An expression used by boys
in playing marbles ; also called Bills. See below. Cf.
bar, v.
Lan. In common use in the Blackpool district. ' Bills, rather
than ' bill slips,' is oftener used. By calling out ' bills ' immediately
after the ' taw' has accidentally slipped from his hold, the player
is entitled to have his ' shot' over again, provided the other player
has not anticipated him by calling out ' no bills,' in which case the
claim is nullified. As a rule, it is mutually agreed beforehand
that no ' bills' shall be allowed, Manch. City News (Oct. 10, 1896).
BILLY s*.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. and n. and midl.
counties ; also e.An. Hmp. I.W. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev.
[bi'li.]
1. Comp. in names of animals, birds, or insects : (i)
Billy-bat, the long-eared bat, Pleiotus communis ; (2)
-biter, (a) the blackcap, Motacilla atricapilla ; (b) the blue
M in
BILLY
[266]
BILLY-BLIND
titmouse, Partis caeruleus ; (c) the great titmouse,
P. major; (3) -blackcap, the bullfinch, Pyrrhula europaea ;
(4) -hooter, the tawny owl, Surnium alum ; (5) -lamb,
a lamb reared by hand ; cf. cade-lamb ; (6) -mote, any
small kind of moth ; (7) -whit, the barn owl, Strixflammea ;
(8) -whitethroat, (a) the golden warbler, Sylvia hortensis •
(b) the whitethroat, S. cinerea ; (c) ? the Scotch wren,
S. trochilus ; (9) -wix, the barn owl, Strix flammea.
(i) Shr.1 Billy-bat come under my 'at. (a, a) Yks. (G.E.D.),
n.Yks.2 e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796). (b) ne.Yks.1,
e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1, Chs.1, Not.1, nXin.1, War.3 w.Wor. That
fetched him quickish, like a billy-biter or a nightingale, Berrow's
Jm. (Mar. 10, 1888). Shr. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 34 ; Shr.
Hmp. DE CRESPIGNY & HUTCHINSON New Forest (1895) 113.
I.W.12 Wil. SMITH Birds (1887) 171. (c) Lei.1 (3, 4) Shr.
SWAINSON Birds (1885) 129 ; Shr.1 (5) Nhp.1 (6) Chs.1 (7')
Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) 43 ; (A.G.F.) (8, a) e.Lth.
SWAINSON Birds (1885) 24. (b) Shr.1 (c) s.Wor. (H.K.) (9) e.An.1
Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893") 43 ; SWAINSON Birds (1885)
ia6 ; Nrf.1 Suf. Science Gossip (1882) 214 ; i,G.E.D.)
2. Comp. in plant-names : (i) Billy-brighteye, Veronica
chamoearys, Germander speedwell (Irel.) ; (2) -clipper,
Convolvulus arvensis, barbine (Shr.1) ; (3) -Beatie, Parie-
taria offitinalis, pellitory of the wall (frel.) ; (4) -come-
home-soon, Iberis species, garden candy-tuft (Shr.) ; (5)
-White's-buttons, Stellaria holosiea (War.). See also
Billy-button.
3. In comp. (i) Billy-blin, a benevolent sprite ; (2)
•boy, a small coasting or river vessel ; small black rain-
clouds ; (3) -buck, a fool in the game of Plough-bullocks ;
(4) -bunting, buying old metal ; (5) -buttons, a simpleton ;
(6) -fairplay, in mining : a screen for separating large
coal from small, also a system of weighing by which
hewers are paid on large coal only ; (7) -fencer, a marine-
store dealer ; hence -fencing shop, a marine store ; (8)
-minawky, a stupid fellow, a booby ; (9) -of-the-wisp,
Will-o'-the-wisp, also called Billy-wi'-t'wisp ; (10) -pina-
fore, a simpleton ; (n) -prescot, a waistcoat ; (12) -whiffler,
a simpleton; (13) -whiffling, playing the fool; (14)
•winker, the elfin who closes the eyes of children at
bedtime.
(i) Sc. She set her milk-white foot on board . . . And the Billy
Blin was the steerer o't, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads (1806) II. 131.
s.Sc. The designation given to Brownie, or the lubber fiend (JAM.).
Ayr. Still in use (J.F.). (2) ne.Yks.1 Sha leeaks leykeyan o' them
billy-boys. e.Yks.1, w.Yks.s n.Lin.1 He cud mind 'em hugging
taters oot o't billy-boys ower't bank. It'll raain afoore foher-an'-
twenty hooer end ; th' billy-boys is cumin' in. e.An.1 Cmb.1
There's a billy-boy gone ashore at the Horse-shoe Corner. Ess.
A youth who owned a billyboy and oyster pans, BARING-GOULD
Mehalah (1885^ 116. (3) n.Lin.1 (4) Lon. Slang. MAYHEW Land.
Labour (1851) I. 417. (5) Stf.2 (6) Nhb.,Dur. (R.O.H.) ; NICHOL-
SON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888). (7) Cant. Life B. M. Carew (1791) Gl. ;
Him as kep" the billy-fencing shop down in Jamaica Street, CAREW
Autob. Gipsy (1891) xxxv. (8) s.Chs.1 Ah did')nu thingk- dhfl)d
bin- sich- u Bil-i-minau-ki uz goa- strai-vin of widh u bod-i lahyk
dhaat- [Ah didna think tha'd bin sich a Billyminawky as go stravin'
off with a body like that]. (9) w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Oct. 3,
1891) ; As bad as follerin Billy-wit wisp, BYWATER Shevvild Ann.
(1855^ 9. sw.Lin.1 (10) Stf.2 Well the art a billy-pinafore, go
an ax thi mother gi' thi a pennorth o' breens. (n) War.8 (12,
13) Stf.2 'Wiar 3 [are] dhi brinz, lad, dheit a regbr bili-wiflar.
Kum, dau az yar taud an lets avnon a yar biliwiflin. (14) e.Lan.1
4. In phr. (i) Billy born drunk, a slang name for
a drunkard ; (2) Billy call father, weak tea ; (3) Billy go
nimbles, an imaginary disease ; (4) Like Billy (O, used as
intensive adv. phr.
(i) Lon. He was not going by the name of ' Billy born drunk '
Dy. News (Apr. i, 1895) 3. (al Oxf.1 Dhis iz BiH kaul faa-dhuur
uwevuur [this is Billy-call-father, awever]. (3) s.Chs.1 The
groom [with restive mare] called out, ' Stond baak, mis-is ! ur)z
gofn dhfl pim-pl paam-plz, bil-igflnim-blz, iin pom-pitai'shn fl)dhu
aa-rt ! ' [Stond back, missis ! her's gotten the pimple-pamples,
billy-go-nimbles, an' pompitation o' the heart !] (4) n Yks To
work like billy (I.W.;. w.Yks. He ran like Billy (J.T.) ; w.Yks.2,
s.Chs.1 Stf.2 'el noo sooner seid th' bobby thin el run loike billy-o'
NoH, ne.Wor. (J.W.P.), Oxf.1 MS. add. Hrt. Them fish is up
the river like billy-o (G. H.G.). w.Som.1 Neet prai-ch ! ees u kan -,
luyk biil-ee oa ! [not preach ! yes he can, like Billy oh !] 'Twid
burn like Billy oh !
BILLY, s6.2 Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks.
1. A young fellow.
Sc. I met wi'Tam o' Todshawand a wheen o' the rest o' the billies,
SCOTT Guy M. (1815) xxv. Abd. Nae billy like himself a' round
about, RossHelenore (1768) ed. i8ia ; Each social billie had to sing
a song, OGG Willie Waly (1873) 15. Ayr. When chapman billies
leave the street, BURNS Tarn o' Sh. (1790) ; Applied also to the
champion in games (J.F.). Lnk. An' noo, my fishing billies a',
Anew let us combine, THOMSON Musings (1881) 151. Lth. With
billies bauld, an* titties shy. The time (lew helter-skelter by, SMITH
Merry Bridal (1866; 34. Edb. A neighbour billie, MACNEILL Poet
IVks. (1801) 128, ed. 1856. n.Cy. BorderGl. (Coll. L.L.B.) Nhb.1
Hence Billy Bentie, sb. a smart, roguish boy. Rxb.
(W.G.)
2. A comrade, friend.
Sc. Jamie and me had gotten real billies, ROY Horseman 1,1895)
xxxi. Abd. We tyeuk the road thegither like gweed billies, ALEX-
ANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xl. Frf. They're terrible billies (W.M.).
Ayr. Should I believe, my coaxin billie, Your flatterin strain, BURNS
To IV. Simpson (1^5). e.Lth. Ye've voted Tory ! . . . ye hae left
your auld billies, HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) 222. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
Cum. Your son's a lad, and he is but bad. And billie to my son he
canna be, GILPIN Ballads (1866) Graeme and Bewick. n.Yks.1
3. A brother.
Sc. His minny Meg upo' her back Bare baith him and his billy,
RAMSAY Tea-Table Misc. (1724) I. ai, ed. 1871. Lth. That wean
is your Billie, My ain son an' heir, BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 76.
Rxb. Used by old people (W.G.). Nhb.1 And now, dear Billy
[marg. brother], this is right, Joco-Ser. Disc. (1686) 62. Cum.
Her [my niece's] fadder, God keep him ! my billy, ANDERSON
Ballads (1808) Uncle Wully.
Hence Billyhood, sb. brotherhood. [Not known to
our correspondents.]
s.Sc. ' Any man will stand py me when I am in te right, put wit
a prother I must always pe in te right.' 'Man,' quo* I, ' that's a
stretch of billyhood that I was never up to afore,' HOGG Brownie
ofBodsbeck (1818) II. 31 JAM.).
4. A lover.
n.Sc. (W.G.), Gall. (A.W.)
[1. There is a child . . . Between my dear billy and I,
Lizie Wan in Child's Pop. Bal. II. 448.]
BILLY, sb? Dor. Som. [bi'li, ba'li.] A bundle of
reeds or of straw ; esp. one made up of two or three
partially thrashed sheaves.
Dor. w.Gaz. (Feb. 15, 1889) 6. Som. A bundle of reed for
thatching weighing lalbs. As a measure ofstraw.it weighs I4lbs.
2 'billies' make one sheaf; 120 ' billies,' one hundred (F.A.A.);
JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng. (1869); W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.i
BILLY, sb* Sc. Oxf. [bHi.] In bird-names : (i) the
golden warbler, Sylvia hortensis ; also called Billy White-
throat, q.v. ; (2) the hedge sparrow, Accentor modularis.
(i) e.Lth. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 24. (2) Oxf. ib. 29 ; APLIN
Birds (1889) 53.
BILLY, sb* Wm. Yks. Glo. [bi'li.]
1. A wideawake hat, also called Billycock.
e.Yks. An young Randy Todd, At wore iv his billy the wing of
a bod, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 38. w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds.
2. A tea-table, or work-table. Wm.1
3. A tray used for carrying iron ore. Glo.1
BILLY, sb.6 Lan. Chs. Midi. I.W. A bull. See
Bill-bio.
ne.Lan Manch. City News (Oct. 3, 1896). e-Lan.1 s.Chs.1 Chil-
dren are accustomed to call to a bull — ' Bil-i, Bil-i Bel'dur, siikt
dhu ky'aayz el-dur ' [Billy, Billy Belder, Sucked the cai's elder]
(s.v. Belder). Midi. (S.W.), I.W.1
BILLY-BLIND, sb. Sc. Also written bellyblind.
The game of blindman's buff; also the one that is
blindfolded in the game.
Bnff. Cum an lat's hae a game at Bellyblin (W.G.). s.Sc. The
only name for this game in Rxb. and the other counties on the
Border (JAM.).
Hence Billyblinder, sb. the person who hoodwinks
another in the game of blindman's buff. Also Jig. a
' blind,' an imposture.
Sc. Weel I wat that's little short of a billyblinder. An a' tales
be true, yours is nae lie, HOGG Peril of Man (1822) III. 387 (JAM.).
BILLY BUTTON
[267]
BIND
BILLY BUTTON, sb. Applied to many plants having
a round button-like flower, (i) Arctium Lappa, bur-
dock (Dev.) ; (2) Bellis perennis, daisy (Shr.1) ; (3) Chry-
santhemum leitcanthemutn, ox-eyed daisy (Yks.) ; (4)
Geranium Robertianum, wild geranium (Bck.) ; (5) Lychnis
diurna, red campion (Ess.) ; (6) L.floscuculi, Ragged Robin
(War.2 3) ; (7) Scabiosa arvensis (Yks.). Cf. bill-button.
(3) n.Yks. (I.W.)
BILPER, see Helper.
BILSH, see Bilch.
BILT, v. and sb. Obsol. Sc. Also written belt Bnff.
1. v. To go lame ; to walk with crutches.
Bnff., Rxb. In rare use (W.G.).
2. sb. A limp. Rxb. QAM.)
3. A blow, a thud.
Ayr. In common use. I fell wi' a bill (J.F.).
BILTER, sb. Dmf. (JAM.) A child. [Not known to
our correspondents.]
BILTER, see Bilcock.
BILTIE, adj. Lnk. (JAM.) Thick, clubbish. Hence
Biltieness, sb. clumsiness. See Bulty.
BILVER-CATCH, see Bilbo-catch.
BIM-BOMS, sb. pi. Som. Church bells ; hence
applied to anything hanging, as icicles, tags of a bonnet
or dress, &c.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 Aa'rkee, Tau'mee, tu dhu
puu'rdee beem baunvz [listen, Tommy, to the pretty bells].
[Stiria, an icicle, a bimbom hanging at the nose, COLES
(1679).]
BIMEBY(E, adv. Nhb. Also Glo. Oxf. Nrf. Ess. I.W.
Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Also written bim-bye Dev. ;
bumby Nrf. Ess.1 Dor. ; by-m-by Nhb.1
1. By-and-by.
Nhb.1 Glo. Ee'll be back bimeby, BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn
(1890) x. Oxf.1 MS. add. Nrf. But bum-by I woke up, SPILLING
Giles (1872) 51 ; Ess. John Noakes bum-by come up, CLARK J.
Noakes (1839) 15 ; Ess.1, I.W.2 Wil. SLOW Gl. (1892). Dor. I
be a-gwain in bime-by, HARE Vill. Street (1895) 175. w.Dor.
(C.V.G.) Som. RAYMOND Sam and Sabina (1894) 73 ; JENNINGS
Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825). w.Som.1 Bum bye, the squier com'd and
zat Upon the grass, PULMAN Sketches (1842) 18. Dev. The devil
rawd on, and bamby cum a shout, TOZER Poems (1873) 52 ; That's
tha moove us'll taich Measter Vrenchy bim bye, NATHAN HOGG
Poet. Lett. (1847) 45, ed. 1865 ; Us be agwaine up tu zee gran'fer
bimbye, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892).
2. Phr. Bimebye night, when night comes.
Dev. Mind now an' tell faither bimbye night, PHILLPOTTS Dati-
moor(i8c)6) 144 ; I wish bimbye-night yii'd go ... and meet little
Jinny Tapp, HEWETT Peas Sp. (1892).
BIN, s*.1 Chs. Nrf. Ken. Sus. Hmp. Also written
binneChs.23 [bin.]
1. A -receptacle for fodder in a farmyard or stable ;
a cupboard or safe. Cf. bing, sb.2 ; binge, sb.1
Chs.23 Nrf. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) e.Nrf. MARSHALL
Rur. Econ. (1787^1. Ken. A safe, an aumbry or cupboard in a buttery
or larder. A horse bin, that apartment of a stable where the chaff
and cut meat is secured by a partition of boards (K.). [A space in
a barn partitioned off at the side, MORTON Cydo. Agric. (1863).]
2. A wooden framed canvas receptacle into which hops
are picked.
Ken. Hops are of course sometimes picked in baskets and not
bins (P.M.) ; (D.W.L.) Sus. The bin into which her mother's busy
fingers picked [hops], O'KEILLY Stones (1880) I. 244. Hmp.
Each binn holds seven bushels, which are marked up the sides by
black lines (W.M.E.F.).
3. In comp. (i) Bin-cloth, the coarse sacking with which
a hop-bin is lined ; (2) -man, the man who pulls the poles
for the hop-pickers and removes and empties the bins
when filled with hops ; (3) -money, an additional payment
made to certain hop-pickers, amounting gen. to is. per bin.
Ken. (i) Pd. myself for an Old Bin Cloth, Pluckley Overseers'
Acts. (Oct. 27, 1786). (2) He is attached to certain specified bins,
gen. six in number (P.M.) ; (D.W.L.) (3) Bin money is very often
only allowed to pickers who enter their names direct with the
grower himself and not through an agent (P.M.).
BIN, sb.2 Nhb.1 [bin.] The wale or upper side of
a ship.
BIN, sb.a Sc. Mood, humour.
Abd. Whan fowks are in a laughin' bin For sang or fable,
SKINNER Poems (1809) 14. Per. He was in fine bin. Nane o' yer
bins here (G.W.).
[Prob. the same as Bind, sb.1 4.]
BIN, v.1 Sc. (JAM.) [bin.] To go. See Bing, v.*
Fif. He ran as fast as he could bin.
BIN, v? Sc. (JAM.) Used as an imprecation.
Per. Bin thae biting clegs.
[A pron. of lit. E. bind, vb. (to make captive).]
BIN, conj. Glo. Wil. Som. Dev. [bin.] Seeing that,
since ; if. See Being.
Glo. They med ha' put a bit o' fire for us, bin as it's winter time,
GISSING Vill. Hampden (1890) II. vii ; Glo.12 n. Wil. Bin as he
don't (E.H.G.). Som. Vawks ... Be nashun lucky, bin thay did
but knawt, 'AGRIKLER' Rhymes (1872) Title-page; You'll smile at
theeazam veo lains that I write ta you, bin I be naw scholard,
JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) 126 ; Bin's why, W. & J. Gl.
(1873). n.Dev. Doant agg an' argy zo, Bin' 'e wur aprilled hours
ago, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 6.
BIND, sb.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also in
form bine w.Wor.1 Hrf.2 Suf. Ken. Sus.12 Hmp.1 Cor.28
[bind, bain.]
1. Anything to tie up a bundle or faggot with ; a band
of twisted hay or straw ; a withy.
e-An.1 Suf. Long hazel or elm shoots which are wreathed or
twisted up for binding faggots (C.T.) ; Suf.1 w.Som.1 Due' ee
uurn- un kuut tue ur dree buynz', un tuy aup dhaat dhae-ur eo-d
[do run and cut two or three binds, and tie up that i^faggot) wood].
Cor.2
2. The stem or stalk of the hop, or other creeping
plant.
War.3, w.Wor.1 Hrf. Richer land will produce a greater
quantity of bine than poorer, MARSHALL Review (1817) II. 286;
Hrf.2 Hrt. The vines or binds ... of Hellweed, ELLIS Mod. Hush.
(1750) IV. i. Suf. B. & H. Ken. (D.W.L.), Sus.12, Hmp.1,
Cor.23
3. Gen. in pi. Strata lying upon coal or iron, composed
of argillaceous shale, or any hardened chalky substance.
Wm.1 w. Yks. Geol. Sutv. Sheet 43. Stf.12 Der. MAWE Mineral.
(1802). Shr. Strata in Lightmoor Wimsey Pit, MARSHALL
Review (1818) II. 199 ; Shr.1 Binds are locally distinguished as
' blue,' ' grey,' &c.
4. Fig. Capacity, ability, power.
Sc. Aboon my bind (JAM.) ; Their bind was just a Scot's pint
over-head and a tappit-hen to the bill, SCOTT St. Ronan (1824) i.
BIND, sb.2 (i) Convolvulus septum, wild convolvulus
(n.Lin.1, e.An.1) ; (2) Lonicera periclymenum, honeysuckle
(w.Yks.). See Bindweed.
BIND, v. In var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also
written bin Sc. Nhb.1 Cum. ; bine Lin.1 ; bindy Som.
[bind, bain.]
1. To tie the ' bands ' (q.v.) round sheaves in the harvest
field.
Cum. Rive an' bin' an stook their cworn, STAGG Misc. Poems
(1807) 65. n.Yks.1 ne.Yks.1 T'maasther wants ya ti cum an*
binnd. e.Yks.1 Som. The women folks, whose work it was to
' bindy and stitchy,' RAYMOND Sam and Sabina (1894) 155.
Hence Binding, vbl. sb. the work of tying sheaves.
e.Yks.1 Jack's getten a bit o' blndin at maysther Harrison's.
2. To put the tyre on a wheel ; to shrink a band of hot
iron on any article. See Bond.
w.Som.1, nw.Dev.1
3. To become tight ; to catch.
Glo. A bearing is said to bind. The knives of a reaper get
bound if they are bent from any cause (S.S.B.).
4. To swerve, to turn in a certain direction.
Chs.1 When birds wheel round in their flight they are sometimes
said to be binding round ; Chs.3 The road binds that way. Stf.2
Dha roud boins ta dh' lift. Lin.1
5. In phr. (i) to bind in, to bind down, to exact a promise ;
(2) neither (to) hold nor bind, not to be restrained.
(i) Kcd. She bound him in nae to be tellin', JAMIE Muse (1844)
12. (a) Abd. He wud nedder haud nor bin' wi' tryin' new
protticks, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xxix. Per. Ither folk
he sometimes maks That they will neither bind nor haud, NICOLL
Poems (1837) 97, ed. 1843. Dmb. He'll be neither to haud nor bin',
CROSS Disruption (1844) xxvi. Nhb.1
urn a
BIND-DAYS
[268]
BING
6. In var. lit. or dial, meanings : (i) Pret. ban(d, (2)
boon' or bun(d, (3) binded ; (4) pp. binden, (5) bunden, (6)
bond, (7) bund, (8j bun, (9) binded.
(i) s.Sc. MURRAY Dial. (1873) 203. Dur.1, n.Yks.2, e.Yks.1
w.Yks. WRIGHT Gram. Wndhll. (1892) 132; w.Yks.13 ne.Lan.1
He band him lull a tailor, (a) Nhb.1, Wm.1, n.Yks.1, s.Chs.1,
Shr.1 (3) e.Yks.1 (4) Nhb. (R.O.H.),e.Yks.i (5) n.Yks.1 (6,7)
Shr.1 (8) s.Sc. MURRAY Dial. ( 1873) 203. w.Yks. WRIGHT Gram.
Wndhll. (1892) 132. s.Chs.1 (9) Dev. If I'd been binded down
with blankets, Reports Provinc. (1883) 81.
BIND-DAYS, sb. pi. Obs. Sus.1 Days upon which
the tenants of certain manors were bound to work for
their lord.
[Precariae (in old records), certain days-works, that
the tenants of some manours are bound to do for the
lord in harvest ; and which in several places are commonly
call'd Bind-days, PHILLIPS (1706) ; Precariae, vulgo bind
dayes, SPELMAN (1687).]
BINDER, sb.1 Wm. Yks. Chs. Lin. Ken. Hmp. Cor.
[bi-nda(r), bai'nda(r).]
I. Of persons.
1. One who ties up the sheaves in the harvest-field.
n-Yks.1, ne.Yks.', e.Yks.1
2. One who puts the braid or binding on rugs ; one who
binds boots and shoes.
w.Yks. (J.M.) niin.1 Commonly the shoemaker's wife or
daughter.
3. In mining : a carpenter who secures the shafts, adits,
&c., with timber. Cor.3
II. Of things.
1. A long pliable rod or stick, esp. one used in hedging
to bind together the tops of stakes ; a hooked stick used to
bind down the warps in the fields in drying wool.
Wm.1 w.Yks. Binders are used to prevent the threads from
being entangled and crossed by the wind (W.T.). n-Lin.1
sw.Lin.1 We've kep' out stakes and binders enew. Ken. Paid for
Stakes and Binders, 75. -]\d., Orlestone Overseers' Acts. (Mar. 18,
1831) (P.M.) ; Ken.1 Walnuts are thrashed with a binder. Also
applied to the sticks used in binding on the thatch of houses or
stacks. They hit him as hard as they could with long binders.
2. Clematis vitalba, wild clematis or traveller's joy.
Hmp.
3. A strip of hempen cloth or hoop of tin, used for
putting round cheeses, when taken out of the vats, to
prevent their bulging.
Chs. Some dairy-women, instead of the tin binders, use cheese
fillets, which are a strong, broad, coarse sort of tape, MARSHALL
Review (1818) II. 57 ; Chs.1 The binders are woven in long pieces
of the required width, that is, about three inches wide ; Chs.3
4. A bandage, esp. a broad, soft piece of linen wound
round the body of a newly-born child.
w.Yks. N. & Q. (1854) ist S. x. 400. nXin.1
5. In pi. Strong pieces of wood, used in making the
foundation of a cart.
Chs.1 The foundation is made of two strong side pieces of oak
called chests, and two strong end pieces called binders, which are
bolted to them.
6. A large stone put in a rubble wall to act as a tie.
n.Lin.1
BINDER, sb.2 I.W. [bai-nda(r).] A large quantity,
esp. of food.
I.W.1 A pretty good binder of it ; I.W.2 I ded take in a binder.
BINDERER, sb. Irel. Also written bindherer, binn-
therer N.I.1 Anything very large and good of its kind.
N.I.1 Ant. In common use (W.J.K.).
BINDHOME, sb. w.Yks.3 A copsewood where birds
lodge.
BINDING, vbl. sb. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Der.
1. A long rod or wand of hazel or thorn used in hedge-
making. See Bind, sb.1
Cum.1 Yks. THORESBY Lett. (1703'. w.Yks.4, Der.1
2. Fig. A pitman's hiring ; in pi. the time when the
yearly bonds were signed.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Previous to 1884, the bindin was for a year, but
after that time the engagement was on the basis of monthly notice
of the termination of the agreement. Keelmen also made an
annual bindin with the coal fitters. Nhb., Dur. Bindings used to be
signed on the Saturday previous to March sand, GKEENWELL
Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
3. In comp. Binding-money, earnest money given to
a collier on being bound ; usually 2s. 6d. or 35.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. Wi thee last bindin' munny thou bowt this new
gown, MIDFORD Sags. (1818) 59 ; Nhb.1
BINDLE, sb. Sc. Irel.
1. A cord or rope of hemp or straw, used for tying or
binding (JAM.).
2. The withered stems of herbaceous plants which
children collect to make bonfires with.
Ant. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
[OE. byndele, a binding.]
BINDWEED, sb. Applied to several climbing or
clinging plants : (i) Convolvulus arvensis (n.Cy. Yks.
Lin. Suf. Ken. Sus. Hmp.) ; (2) C. septum, see Bind (Chs.1
Suf. Sur. Hmp.1) ; (3) L.onicera periclymenutn (w.Yks.1) ;
(4) Polygonum convolvulus, knotgrass (Cum. Chs. e.An.) ;
(5) Viciahirsuta, wild tare (Hit.).
(i)Suf. (F.H.) (4) Chs. Science Gossip (1865) 35; Chs.1 (5)
Hrt. ELLIS Mod. Husb. (1750) III. i.
BINDWOOD, sb. Cum. m.Yks.1 Lonicera pericly-
menutn, honeysuckle or woodbine.
Cum. Science Gossip (1865) 35.
BINE, see Boin.
BINE-BINE, adv. phr. e.An. Also written binne
e.An.1 ; binne-binne Nrf.1 By-and-by. Cf. bimeby.
Nrf.1 Suf. (F.H.1, ; Suf.1
BING, v.1 and sb.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Stf. Der.
[bin.] ^
1. v. To pile in a heap ; fig. to accumulate.
Sc. The hairst was ower, the barnyard fill'd, The tatoes bing'd,
Blackw. Mag. (Dec. 1822) (JAM.) ; Ye'll bing up siller o' yir ain,
TARRAS Poems (1804) 48, (»6.) Lnk. Barrels an' bottles arebing't
up by scores, HAMILTON Poems (1865) 68. Rxb. Our 'tatoes too
are howkit now An' safely bing'd, A. SCOTT Poems (1808) 108.
2. sb. A heap, a pile ; also fig. a crowd.
Sc. A bing o' wheat set aboot wi' lilies, ROBSON Sng. Sol.
(1860) vii. a. Or.I. (S.A.S.) Sh.I. 'Seemun,' pur trow, wi his
legs in a bing Geed hirslin aroond, BURGESS Rasmie (1891) 16.
Bnff. There wiz bings 'o' fowk (W.G.). Fif. Ae man lay doon
yesterday on his bing o' stanes through sheer weakness,
ROBERTSON Provost (1894) lai. Lnk. Lood he sings When
happin' up his corn an' here, An' tattie bings, THOMSON Musings
(1881) 185. N.I.1 A heap of potatoes in a field covered with
earth ; a heap of grain in a barn. Uls. (M.B.-S.), Nhb.1
3. Lead-ore dressed and broken into pieces for smelting ;
also in comp. Bing-ore.
Stf. (K. ) ; Stf.1 Der. What caver stole the bing-ore from his
coe, FURNESS Medicus (1836) 24. n.Der. She was still hard at her
work, breaking bing-ore on the knock-stone, HALL Hathersage
(1896) iii.
4. A measure of lead ore equivalent to eight hundred-
weight.
Nhb.1 To Mr. Fenwick, of Morpeth, for every 7th bingin Sattling
—stones groove, £106 195. n^rf., HODGSON Nhb. III. ii. Nhb.,
Dur. BAILEY & CULLEY Agric. (1805) 19. m.Yks.1
5. Comp. (i) Bing-hole, a hole through which lead ore
is thrown ; (2) -stead, the place where lead ore is laid
ready for smelting.
(i) Nhb.1 Der. MAWE Mineral. (1802). (2) Nhb., Dur. FORSTER
Strata (1821) 337. Nhb.1
[2. Cp. Sw. binge, a heap ; ON. bingr, a heap of corn
(VIGFUSSON) ; see also FRITZNER (s.v.).]
BING, sb.2 Var. dial, uses in Sc., n. and midl. counties ;
also e.An. [bin.]
1. A bin or box for corn, wine, &c. Cf. bin, sb.1;
binge, sb.1
Bwk. Round the corn bing We'll hae a canty fling, HENDERSON
Pop. Rhymes (1856) 114. N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 The corn bing, the hay
bing, &c. Dur.1 w.Yks. Let it rain on to a pile o' noils afoar
they wor thrown into t'bing, PRESTON Yksman. (1879) VIII. 203 ;
Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.5 T'bean bing. Chs.2 s.Stf. PINNOCK Blk.
Cy. Ann. (1895). Not. (J.H.B.) Lin. STREATFEILD Lin. andDanes
(1884) 317. n-Lin.1 To cover the bottles in the bings with saw-
dust, BARRY On Wines (1777) 82. Nhp.1, War. (J.R.W.), Shr.1,
Hnt. (T.P.F.), e-An.1 Nrf. Yow'll find plenty of corn in the bing
BING
[269]
BINK
(W.R.E.I. Suf. ;F.H.); (C.T.); Suf.1 [GROSE (1790 MS. add.
(P.); MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).]
2. A receptacle for fodder in a cow-house.
Chs.1 It is usually quite separate from the shippon, but com-
municates with it by means of square holes in the wall in front of
each cow. s.Chs.1, Der.2, nw.Der.1, Shr.1
3. A kind of store-house or compartment in a granary.
e.Lan.', Clis.1 s.Chs.1 Commonly called curn-ark. Shr. Three
bings, two barns, and five bays, Inventory of fire at Moreton
Corbet (1813) (T.N.B.) ; Shr.1 A small granary within a larger one,
or within a ' bay ' ; which can be locked up, and into which grain
can be put in bulk after it is threshed and before it is ' bagged up.'
4. A space boarded off to keep bobbins separated in
a weaving shed. w.Yks. (J.T.) ; (B.K.)
5. The hole or kiln of a furnace where charcoal is burnt
for the melting of metals. n.Cy. (K.)
6. The cistern into which crystallized alum is thrown
for the water to drain from it. n.Yks. (K.)
[1. A bing, scrineum vintineum, LEVINS Manip. (1570) ;
Bynge, theca, cumera, Prompt. Da. bing, ' cumera ' ; so
Norw. dial. (AASEN).]
BING, sb.3 and v.2 Cor. [big.]
1. sb. A thump or blow.
Cor.2 MS. add.
2. v. To knock or strike.
Cor.3 I binged my head against the open door.
BING, v.3 Lan. Chs. Also written byng Lan.1 [bin.]
Of milk or cream : to curdle, to turn sour.
Lan. An' bewitches t'milk as it winnot churn, or gets bynged,
KAY-SHUTTLEWORTH Scarsdale (1860) II. 36 ; The milk is bynged
or will not churn, though a hot poker has been used to spoil the
witchery, HARLAND & WILKINSON Flk-Lore (1867) 165; Lan.1,
Chs.1 2a
Hence Bingy, adj. sour.
Yks. She found out as summat was wrong wi' Nancy as soon as
th' milk turned bingy. GASKELL Sylvia (1863) II. i. Chs.1 To
keep milk in tin vessels tends to give it a bingy taste ; Chs.3 It
will be a bad churn to-day, the milk smells quite bingy.
BING.i;.4 Sc. [bin.] Togo.
Sc. Bing out and tour, ye auld devil, SCOTT Guy M. (1815)
xxviii.
[Bing awast, go away, COLES (1677).]
BING-ALE, sb. Obs. Ken. Ale given at a feast at
the time when tithes were paid in kind.
Ken.1 ; Ken.2 The liquor which the fermor of a parsonage gives
to the fermours and to the servants (at two separate entertain-
ments, servants first and masters afterwards) at the end of the year
when he has gathered their tythe.
BINGE, v.1 Sc. n.Cy. Also written bindge S. &
Ork.1 ; beenge, bynge Sc. [bindg, bmdg.] To bow ; to
cringe.
Sc. By beenging to your foppish brithers, FERGUSSON Poems
(1789) il. 33 QAM.); The maiden blushed, and bing'd fu' la',
RAMSAY Tea-Table Misc. (1724) I. 8, ed. 1871. S. & Ork.1 e.Lth.
They' re unco guidatbeckinan'beengin, HUNTER J.Inuiick (1895) 82.
Hence Beengin, ppl. adj. fawning, cringing.
Feb. While beengin slaves ca' them divine, NICOL Poems
(1805) I. 187 (JAM.). n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.)
BINGE, sb.1 and v.2 Yks. Lin. [bind?.]
1. sb. A corn bin. Cf. bing, sb.2 • bin, sb.1 w.Yks.2
2. The large pocket or open bag made of sacking into
which hops were gathered.
sw-Lin.1 Then it was, who could get her binge filled first.
3. v. To throw into the binge or pocket.
sw.Lin.1 A custom practised by the women on any man who
came into the hop-yard on the last day of hop-picking. He
reckoned there was no woman could binge him. We had many
a prank together in the hop-yard, bingeing folks and playing.
Both the word and the practice have gone out of use with the
destruction of the Hop-garden in this parish (Doddington).
[1. Two binges for bredde, Inventory at Wollaton Hall,
Not. (c. 1550) in Lin. & Not. Archil. Soc.'s Rep. (1887) 83.]
BINGE, v.3 and sb.2 Stf. Der. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp.
War. Bck. Bdf. Hnt. Slang, [bindg.]
1. v. To soak, esp. to swell a leaky wooden vessel by
filling it with or plunging it into water. Cf. beam, beene.
Stf1, Der.2, nw.Der.1 s.Not. Goo an' binge the dolly-tub ; it
leaks like a riddle (J. P. K.> Not.13 Lin. And here [the ale-house]
he'd wish, life's cares and troubles past, His time-worn vessel well
to binge at last, BROWN Lit. Laur. (1890) 105. nXin.1 Chuck
that theare bucket i'to th' pond an' let it binge. sw.Lin.1 Mind you
binge that cask. Lei.1 Oi wur bingein' a churm. Nhp.1 Put the
tubs to binge, ready for the wash ; Nhp.2 War.3 To ' binge the
churn' would also mean to tighten the bung by means of wet
cloths wrapped round it. n.Bck. (A.C.) Bdf. BATCHELOR Anal.
Eng. Lang. >. 1809 . Hnt. (T.P.F.)
Hence Bingeing, ppl. adj. soaking, drenching.
Nhp.1 A heavy rain is a good bingeing shower.
2. Fig. Of persons : to ' soak,' to drink deeply.
Nhp.1 A man goes to the ale-house to binge himself.
Hence (i) Binge, sb. a bout of drinking ; (2) Binger,
sb. an advanced state of intoxication ; (3) Bingeing, vbl.
sb. hard drinking.
(i) Nhp.1 A good binge. (2) Lin.1 (3) Lei.1 A doyed a-bingein.
3. sb. A big drinking bout.
Slang. In use at Oxf. University, BARRERE & LELAND.
BINGER, sb. Lei. War. [bi'ndga(r).] Something
sharp or pungent, as a keen wind or frost, a draught of
potent beer or ardent spirits.
Lei. A ' binger' of hot drink (C.E.); Lei.1 Surs ! It's a binger
this mornin' ! Tek a drop o' brandy — just a binger agen the reen.
War.3 Said of weather.
BIN JEAN, sb. I. Ma. A popular Manx dish, some-
thing between junket and curds and whey.
I. Ma. The customary feast of Cowree and Jough and Binjean,
CAINE Deemster (1887) 8; (S.A.P.K.); Known also in the «. as
Pinjane, and in the s. as Baanjane (T.E.B.).
BINK, sb.1 Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lin. [bink.]
1. A shelf; a frame of wooden shelves for holding
earthenware in a kitchen ; a plate-rack. Cf. bank, benk.
Sc. A crackit trencher on the bink, SCOTT Antiquary (1816) xxvi ;
The bink, with its usual arrangement of pewter and earthenware,
ib. Redg. (1832) iv ; Every plate and bowl on the bink was shining
with cleanness, WHITEHEAD Daft Davie (1876) 161, ed. 1894.
Feb. The dishes were placed upon the bink (A.C.). n.Cy. Border
Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.) Nhb.1, n.Yks.12
2. A bank ; an acclivity.
n.Sc. (JAM.) Bnff. A bink o' yird [earth] (W.G.). Abd. Up
thro" the cleughs, where bink on bink was set, Ross Helenore
(1768) 24, ed. 1812. Cum. Used by hunters for a ledge to which
the hounds cannot find a way in pursuit of the fox (J.W.O.).
e.Yks. The ' Stony Binks,' a dangerous bank of rocks near Spurn
Point ; e.Yks.1
3. A wasp's nest. See Bike.
Sc. Ye'r folks . . . keep tormenting me like a bink o' harried
wasps, Edb. Star (Feb. 7, 1823) (JAM.). Lth. Dibblin' in ditches,
speelin' rocks, Smeekin" wasps' binks, or huntin' brocks, BALLAN-
TINE Poems (1856) 67.
4. The perpendicular part of a peat-bog, from which the
peat is cut.
Ayr. They work, or they oblige others to work, the peat-bink
with order and regularity, Stat. Ace. XIV. 66 (JAM.) ; Gaun tae
the peat-bink (J.F.).
5. A small heap of clay, mortar, or mould. Bnff.1
[A n. equiv. of lit. E. bench, and used in this sense in
early Sc. The gud vif on the bynk sytand, BARBOUR
Bruce (1375) vu. 238.]
BINK, sb.2 Obsol. n.Lin.1 A wooden hutch for
holding coal. Cf. bing, sb.2
[A bynke to ley colis in, Eng. Ch. Furniture (1534) 190
(N.E.D.).]
BINK, sb? and v. Sc. [bink.]
1. sb. A bending movement ; also jig. in phr. to play
bink, to yield.
Sc. A horse is said to give a bink when he makes a false step
in consequence of the bending of one of the joints (JAM.). Edb.
And having a kind of trot in his walk, from a bink forward in his
knees, MOIR Mansie Wauch (i8a8) xxvii.
2. v . To bend, to bow down, to lean forward awkwardly.
Sc. QAM.) e.Lth. Mind ye bink doun an' say 'sir' whan ye
spak til him, HUNTER J. Inwick (1895) 65.
3. To press down, to destroy the shape, esp. of shoes.
Bnff. Bink the fehls [turfs] weel doon (W.G.).
4 To protect by a bank or ledge of rock; to cover
retreat.
Cum. The fox is binked (J.W.O.).
BINKART
[270]
BIRD
BINKART, sb. Bnff.1 A heap of stones, clay, dirt,
&c. See Bink, sb.1 2.
BINKER, sb. and v. Bnff.
1. sb. A heap of stones or dirt.
Bnff. There wiz binkers o' stehns a' throuw the feedles [fields]
(W.G.).
2. v. To pile up in a heap.
Bnff. He began t'binker up a fehl [turf] dyke (.W.G.).
BINKIE, adj. Twd. (JAM.) Gaudy, trimly-dressed,
smart.
BINN, sb. Sc. The company of reapers employed
on the harvest-field. Cf. boon (a band of reapers).
Rxb. (W.G.)
BINNER, v., sb. and adv. Sc. Irel. [bi'nar.]
1. v. To move swiftly, dash, rush ; to work with noise
and energy.
Elg. Robin [Redbreast] ! ... Ye binner to the thorn, COUPER
Tourifications (1803) I. 155. Bnff.1, N.I.1
Hence Binneran, vbl. sb. a noisy movement, noise.
Bnff.1
2. To strike so as to produce a humming or buzzing
sound ; also intr. to whirr, to buzz.
e.Sc. A wheel is said to binner (JAM.). Bnff.1 Dinna binner the
hallan.
3. sb. A quick movement accompanied by much noise ;
a sounding blow.
Sc. Wi" monie a binner and awfu' lunder. ANDERSON Poems
(1813) 124 (JAM.). Elg. Bang flew the doors back wi' a binner,
TESTER Poems (1865) 152. Bnff.1 Abd. A brattlin band unhappily
Drave by him wi' a binner, SKINNER Poems (1809) 5.
4. A quantity of work done. Bnff.1
5. adv. With much noise and force. Bnff.1
BINNICK, sb. Som. Also written binnic. [bi'nik.]
1. The minnow, Cyprinus phloxinus.
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825).
2. The stickleback, Gasterosteus trachurus.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
BINSTEAD, sb. Nhp. A bay in a barn for housing
corn. Also known as binstay. See Bin, sb.1
Nhp.1 Where there are two bays, one is called the threshing bay,
the other the binstead or binstay.
BIOG, sb. S. & Ork.1 1. A horse-collar made of straw.
2. A pattern exhibiting rings of different-coloured
worsted upon stockings.
Hence Biogit, ppl. adj. Of stockings: knitted in
a pattern of rings of different-coloured wool.
[ON. baugr (bougr), a ring, cp. Norw. dial, bang, a ring,
also, a curved seam (AASEN).]
BIOT, sb. Chs. Also written biat Chs.1 [Mat.]
Any kind of support ; a walking-stick.
Chs. It is customary for the good old people resident in the
neighbourhood of Nantwich to exclaim, ' Give me my old Biot,'
1 Where is my old Biot? ' meaning the stick with which they support
themselves when walking, PLATT Hist. Nantwich (1818) 79; Chs.1
BIRBECK, sb. Sc. The call of the moorcock or
grouse. Cf. beck, v."
Sc. (G.W. ) Bnff. The piping of the kitty needy, the birbeck
of the muir-fowl, SMILES Natur. (1876) vii.
BIRCHEN, adj. Som. Made of birch.
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825). w.Som.1 U buurchn
breom [a birch broom].
[Unless you had the same birchen argument to con-
vince me, FIELDING Tom Jones (1749) Bk. v. xi ; Two
birchen trees, CAXTON Reynard (1481) ed. Arber, 41.]
BIRD, sb.1 In van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. A young bird, a chicken ; fig. a young girl or man.
See Brid, Burd.
Sc. ' Peggy, my bonny bird,' continued the hostess, addressing
a little girl of twelve years old, SCOTT Old Mortality (1816) xli.
Ayr. The craw thinks its ain bird the whitest, GALT Entail (1823)
Ixv. Dur. Hen and birds (K.). Slang. There we fell in with a bird
in mahogany tops, HUGHES T. Brown Oxf. (1861) vi.
2. A cock.
Pern. She've a got two birds 'long with her powltry (E.D.). Dor.
Four hens and one bird, Advt. in w. Gazette (1895).
3. A partridge.
War.* Nrf. Are there many birds this year ? (W.R.E.) ;
COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) a. w.Som.1 Aay zeed u fuyn
kuub-ee u buurdz uz mau-rneen [I saw a fine covey of partridges
this morning]. nw.Dev.1
4. Comp. (i) Bird-boy, a boy employed to scare birds
from grain; (2) -clacker, a clapper used to frighten
birds ; (3) -corn, see -keep ; (4) -dubbing, see below ; ( 5)
•duffer, a bird-seller ; (6) -eyed, near-sighted ; (7) -fraying,
driving away birds from corn or gram ; (8) -keep, lean
grains of corn mixed with the seeds of weeds separated by
the winnowing machine; (9) -knapping, a method of
snaring birds by night ; (10) -mouthed, unwilling to
speak out, shy of expressing an opinion; (n) -s-neesen,
birds'-nests ; (12) -'s-neezening, bird's-nesting ; (13) -thief,
the cuckoo ; (14) -tides, especially low tides occurring
annually about midsummer ; (15) -'s-wedding-day, St.
Valentine's day.
(i) n-Lin.1, Nhp.1 (2) Hrf.2 (3) n-Lin.1 (4) Glo. Walking down
in two companies on each side of a hedge and pelting at the birds,
which fear to leave the hedge on either side, ELLIS Pronunc. (1889)
V. 66. (5) Lon. I have heard these people styled ' bird-swindlers,'
but by street-traders I heard them called ' bird-duffers,' MAYHEW
Land. Labour (1851) II. 69. (6) n-Lin.1 (7) Hmp.1 (8) n.Lin.1
(9) n.Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) (10) Sc. Ye're owre bird-
mouth'd, RAMSAY Prov. (ed. 1776) 86 (JAM.). Lin.1, nXin.1 (n)
Not.1, Lei.1, War.8 (12) Lei.1 Ah'm a-gooin' a-boods-neezenin'.
A goos a bood-neezening, 24. (13) War.3 In allusion to the belief
that it sucked the eggs found in the nest selected by the intruder
for its own egg. (14) Lin. So called by the country people because
they are supposed to be lower at that season in order that the birds
on the surrounding flats may be able to hatch and raise their
young, unmolested by the inundations customary at other times,
THOMPSON Hist. Boston (1856) 367. (15) Wll.1
5. Comb, in plant-names : (i) Bird's bread and cheese,
Oxalis acetosella, wood sorrel (Cum. Dev.4) ; (2) -briar,
Rosa arvensis, briar rose ; see Brid (Chs.3) ; (3) -eagles,
the fruit of hawthorn (Chs.) ; (4) -een, Primula farinosa
(Cum.) ; (5) -s' eggs, (a) the fruit of hawthorn (Chs.1 *) ;
(b) Silene inflata, bladder campion (Shr.1) ; (6) -'s foot,
Lotus corniculatus, bird's foot trefoil (Suf.) ; (7) -in-a-bush,
Coiydalis solida, bulbous fumitory (Nhp.) ; (8) -s' meat,
berries of thorn, holly, or ivy (Som. Dev.) ; (9) -'s nest,
the seed-head of Daucus carota, wild carrot ; see also
Besom-busks (Yks. Wil.) ; (10) -s' pears, hips and haws
(Dor. Som.) ; (n) -seed, (a) the heads of Plantago major,
wild plaintain (Sus. Wil.1 Dev.) ; (b) Senecio vulearis,
groundsel (Yks.) ; (12) -thistle, Carduus lanceolatus (Wor.) ;
(13) -'s tongue, (a) Anagallis arvensis, pimpernel (Nrf.) ;
(b) Polygonum aviculare, knotgrass (n.Cy.). See also
Bird's Eye.
(3) Chs.1 Eagles or ' agles ' appears to be the dimin. of ' hague,'
which is the more common name of the haw. (4) Cum. The
lockety gowan an' bonny burd-een Are the fairest flowers that ever
were seen, Children's Rhyme. Wm. (B.K.) (8) w.Som.1 D-ee livur
zee buurdz mart su plai-ntee uvoa-r ? [did you ever see berries so
plentiful before ?] nw-Dev.1 (9) w.Yks. (W.F.) Wil.1 The flower
of the wild carrot gathers together as the seeds mature, and forms
a framework cup at the top of the stalk, like a bird's-nest. These
' bird's-nests,' brown and weather-beaten, endured far into the
winter, JEFFERIES Gt. Estate (1880) vii. (10) Dor. w.Gazette
(Feb. 15, 1889) 6, col. 7. Som. N. & Q. (1877) 5th S. viii. 358 ;
W. & J. Gl. (1873). (n, a) Dev.4 The heads are gathered when
ripe and dried, for putting in the cages of tame birds as winter
food.
6. In phr. (i) A the birds in the air, a children's game ;
(2) birds in the bush, a game of marbles ; (3) birds and
bush, a juggler's trick ; (4) bird of Paradise, the nightin-
gale ; (5) sitting bird and joe, sitting cheek by jowl,
denoting intimacy ; (6) when birds have two tails, when
it is spring and swallows return.
( i) Sc. ' A' the Birds in the Air ' and ' A' the days of the Week '
are also common games, Blackw. Mag. (Aug. 1821) 36 QAM.).
(2> War.2 One player holds any number of marbles in his clasped
hands, saying, ' Birds in the bush, how many? ' The other player
guesses, and wins the lot, if he guess aright. (3) Lon. I also do
what is called ' the birds and bush,' MAYHEW Lond. Labour (1851)
III.io6. (4) War.3 (s)Sc.(jAM.) (6) n-Lin.1
[1. A turtle fyndith a neste to it silf, where it schal
kepe hise bryddis, WYCLIF (1388) Ps. Ixxxiii. 4 ; Some
BIRD
[271]
BIRKIE
besyed hem hir briddes forth to bringe, CHAUCER Part.
Failles (1382) 102. 5. (9) Pastenade sauvage, the wild
carrot, called Birds-neast. . . . Carole sauvage, Dtrucus,
wild carrot, birds-neast, COTGR. (13, b) Centtdoine, knot-
grasse, Birds-tongue, tb.}
BIRD, sb? e.An. The pupil of the eye.
e.An.1 The pupil, or rather, perhaps, the little refracted image
on the retina ; the ' baby in the eye.' Nrf. He wus a breaking
stuns and a bit flew up and hit him on the bird of the eye (W.R.E.);
Nrf.1 Sof. RAY (1691); (K.) ; (F.H.) ; Suf.1
BIRD-BATTING, vbl. sb. Wor. Glo. Ken. Sus. Hmp.
Wil. Dor. Som. Dev.
1. A method of snaring birds at night by means of
a strong light held behind a net. See below. See Bat-
birding, Bat-folding.
s. Wor. A got a sparrer-net last night, and a went bird-batting
(H.K.^; s.Wor.1, se.Wor.1 Glo. (J.S.F.S.) ; GROSE (1790, MS.
add. (H.) ; Glo.1 Ken., Sus. HOLLOWAY. Hmp.1 Wil. BRITTON
Beauties (1825) ; Wil.1 Dor. Among boys, it means beating birds
out of the hedge with sticks or stones, some of the boys being
each side of the hedge, BARNES Gl. (1863). Som. A diversion which
they call bird-batting, FIELDING Jos. Andrews (1742) x ; JENNINGS
Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; (F.A.A.) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1
The birds are driven from their roosts, and fly towards the light
into the net. This latter is attached to two long sticks bent to-
gether at the ends, so as to form an arch with a joint in the centre,
where the sticks meet. The fowler holds one of the sticks in each
hand, which, when the net is open, are far apart, and the whole per-
pendicular. As soon as a bird flies against the net he instantly folds
it, so that the bird is enclosed. n.Dev. GROSE (irjgo)MS.add. (H.)
2. Camp. Bird-batting-net, the net used in bird-batting.
Also called bat-folding-net.
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825). w.Som.1
BIRDER, sb. Obs. Nhp. The wild cat.
Nhp.2 These, from their way of living, which is catching birds,
&c. . . . are here called birders, MORTON Hist, Nhp. (1712) 443.
BIRD-KEEP, v. Not. Nhp. Wor. Bdf. Wil. Dor. Som.
Written bird-kippy Dor.1 To frighten birds off new-
sown corn and crops.
Not. (L.C.M.), Nhp.2 Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863).
Hence (i) Bird-keeper, sb. a boy employed to keep
birds off the crops; (2) Bird-keeping, vbl. sb. frightening
birds off the crops.
(i) Wil. Should anyone in authority ask where that gun went
off, the labourer ' thenks it wur th' bird-kippur up in th' Dree
Vurlong,' JEFFERIES Gt. Estate (1880") i. Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863).
(2) Not. (L.C.M.), se.Wor.1, Bdf. (J.W.BO Som. Johnny was en-
gaged to go a-bird-keeping, RAYMOND Love and Quiet Life (1894) 95.
BIRD'S EYE, sb. The name of several plants, esp.
Veronica chamoedrys, having small bright flowers : (i)
Anagallis arvensis, pimpernel (Oxf. Bck. Wil.1) ; (2) An-
chusa sempervivens, evergreen alkanet (w.Som.1) ; (3) Car-
damine pratensis, lady-smock (Cum. Yks. Shr.) ; (4)
Geranium robertianum, wild geranium (Nhb.1 Bck. Dev.*) ;
(5) Lychnis diurna, red campion (Dev.) ; (6) Myosotis
arvensis, forget-me-not (Not. Bck. Hmp. Dor.); (7) M.
palustris (Nhp.1 Hmp.1) ; (8) Nepeta glechoma, ground ivy
(Nhp. Oxf. Bck.) ; (9) Primula farinosa (Yks.) ; (10)
Sagina procumbens (Sus.) ; (n) Saxifraga umbrosa,
London pride (Dev.); (12) Stellaria holostea, stitchwort
(Dur. Yks. Der. Won); (13) Veronica buxbaumii (Bck.
Wil.1) ; (14) V. chamoedrys, germander speedwell (in gen.
dial, use) ; (15) V. hederifolia, ivy-leaved speedwell (Ess.).
(3) n.Yks. (l!w.) (6) Dor. (G.E.D.) (n) Dev." Children say
that if you gather the Bird's-eye, [birds] will come and pick your
eyes out. (12) n.Yks. (I.W.) (14) Nhb.1 e.Yks. MARSHALL
Rur. Econ (1788). w.Yks. (W.F.), sw.Lin.1, Nhp.1, War.3, Shr.1
Ess. Monthly Pckt. (Oct. 1862) 435. Hmp.1 Wil. The deep blue
bird's-eye veronica, JEFFERIES Field and Hdgrw. (1889) 216 ; Wil.1,
Dor. (G.E.D.), w.Som.1 Dev. Reports Provinc. (1884) n.
BIRD-STARVING, vbl. sb. Oxf. Wil. Dor. Frightening
birds off grain. See Bird-tenting.
Oxf. I want a pound of powder for bird-starving (J.E.). Wil.1,
Dor. (C.K.P.)
BIRD-TENTING, vbl. sb. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War.
Driving away birds from crops. See Bird-keep.
Not.1, n.Lin.1 Lei.1 Yo plaough \ Whoy, it's as mooch as ivver
yo can carry a clack a-bood-tentin'. Nhp.1, War.3
BIRGE, sb. Obsol. Nhp.1 Abridge.
[A pron. of bridge, with metath. of r^
BIRK, sb.1 Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Der.
Not. Lin. Also written burk Cum. e.Yks. w.Yks.4;
brick Nhb.1 [birk, bsk.]
1. The birch tree, Betula alba.
Sc. He's nae gentleman . . . wad grudge twa gangrel puir bodies
. . . the bits o' rotten birk to boil their drap parritch wi', SCOTT
Guy M. (1815) iii ; At the gates o' Paradise That birk grew fair
eneugh, Ballad, Wife of Usher's Well; Prov. He's as bare as the
birk at Yule E'en, N. &> Q. (1888) 7th S. v. 73. Ayr. How
sweetly bloom'd the gay green birk, BURNS Highland Mary (1792)
st. 2. Bwk. Broom and birk, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 62.
Slk. You may as well try to up-root that birk, CHR. NORTH Nodes
(ed. 1856) IV. 9. Gall. Some knotty twigs o' the bonny birk,
CROCKETT Raiders (1894) iv. n.Cy. (K.) ; N.Cy.12 Nhb. And
the bud's on the saugh, and the bonny birk tree, Coquetdale
Sngs. (1852) 52 ; Nhb.1, Dur.1 Cum. In the Belle Grange, with
their wealth of silver birch or birk, LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 13 ;
Cum.1, Wm.1, n.Yks.123, ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ.
( 1 788). m.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 ; w.Yks.3 Not much used now ; w.Yks.45,
Lan.1, ne.Lan.1, e.Lan.1, Der.1 Der., Not. The common name in
Sherwood Forest, N. & Q. (1886) 7th S. ii. 58. n.Lin.1 sw.Lin.1
The kids [faggots] are all birk.
Hence Birkie, adj. abounding with birches GAM.).
2. sb.pl. A coppice or small wood consisting chiefly of
birches.
Ayr. Come, let us spend the lightsome days In the Birks of Aber-
feldy, BURNS Birks ofAberfeldy. n.Yks.1
3. Comp. (i) Birk-besom, a birch broom; (2) -chats,
birch twigs, used for making brooms ; (3) -rod, a birch
rod ; (4) -wine, wine made from the sap of the birch tree.
(i) Nhb.1, e.Lan.1 (a) Wm.1 (3) Dur.1, w.Yks.*5 (4) n-Lin.1
[With wegis schidit gan the birkis sound, DOUGLAS
Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, in. 20. ON. bjdrk, Da. birk ; cp.
OE. beorc (here).}
BIRK, sb.2 Sc. [birk.] A youth, smart young fellow.
See Birkie, sb.1
Inv. Rarely used (H.E.F.). Abd. See fat like a birk he is,
ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xxxv. Per. (G.W.) Kcd. Nae a
non-intrusion birk Durst ventur' a reply, GRANT Lays (1884) 57.
BIRK, v. Sc. To give a sharp answer, to converse in
a lively manner (JAM.).
BIRKED, pp. Yks. Birched, punished with a birch
rod.
w.Yks.5 Bin gehring birk'd.
BIRKEN, adj. Sc. Nhb. [birkan.] Birch, made of
birch.
Sc. And he had passed the birken heugh, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads
(1806) I. 198. Kcd. Farewell unto the Corby Pot. Where birken
boughs do hing, JAMIE Muse (1844) 22. Frf. The broomy brae, . . .
An' birken shaw, May bloom their little lanely hour, LAING Wayside
Firs. (1846) 63. Ayr. By Ochtertyre grows the aik, On Yarrow
banks, the birken shaw, BURNS Blythe was she. Lth. Sheltered
haughs, and birken braes, MACNEILL Poet. Wks. (1801) 152, ed.
1856. Nhb. The mavis sings beside her birken nest, Coquetdale
Sngs. (1852) 96 ; Nhb.1
[Birkin bewis about boggis and wellis, Gawan <&•» Gol.
(c. 1450) I. 3 (JAM.). Birk, sb.l + -en (adj. suff.).]
BIRKEN, sb. Wm. Dev. A boy's top made of birch
wood.
Wm.1 Thine's nobbet an auld birken \ Dev.3 Sometimes called
pug-tops. [A'. & Q. (1853) ist S. viii. 63.]
BIRKIE, sb.1 and adj. Sc. Nhb. Also written birky.
1. A lively, smart young fellow; an active person.
Sc. I said you were a gey sharp birkie, SCOTT Redg. (1817) Lett,
xiii ; Johnny's grandfather was a gey stout birkie, ROY Horseman
(1895) i. Abd. But I like birky stood the brunt, FORBES Ajax
(1742) 4 ; A set o' brave birkies, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871)
xviii. Per. But thae young birkies gie oot 'at they see naebody
comin' in, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush (1895) 204. Rnf. Sic young
birkies . . . Maun be resigned to tak' a share O' dule as weel as fun,
YOUNG Pictures (1865) n. Ayr. But faith! the birkie wants a
manse, BURNS Holy Fair (1785) St. 17. e.Lth. Twa candidates on
the short leet for the Pairish o' Snawdon — both birkies new aff
the aims, HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) 18. Gall. That's what auld
Airie gies to young birkies like you that come in graund coats,
CROCKETT Raiders (.1894) xviii. Nhb.1
BIRKIE
[272]
BIRN
2. A term of address in conversation; 'old fellow.'
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.} Abd. But thinkna, birky, ye
are come to mock Fouk wi your jests, SHIRREFS Poems (1790) 30;
Nae, birky, tak' a hearty snuff, BEATTJES Parings (1801) 18, ed.
1873. Ayr. Fareweel, auld birkie, BURNS Terraughty, st. 5. Lnk.
Speke like yersell, auld birky, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725) 45, ed.
1783.
3. adj. Sharp in speech ; lively, spirited.
Ayr. Kate being a nimble and birky thing, GALT Ann. Parish
(1821) iii ; In common use (J.F.).
BIRKIE, sb.2 Sc. The card game of 'beggar-my-
neighbour.' Of this game there are said to be two kinds,
' king's birkie ' and ' common birkie ' (JAM.).
Sc. Bucklaw cared no more about riding the first horse . . .
than Craigengelt did about a game at birkie, SCOTT Bride of Lam.
(1819) xxii. Ayr. Not only whist and catch honours were to be
played, but even obstreperous birky itself, GALT Legatees (1820)
49 (JAM.). Edb. The old pack of cards . . . that the journeymen
tailors . . . used to play birkie with, Mom Mansie Wauch (1828) xxv.
BIRL, v. and sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks. [birl,
bi-ral.]
1. v. To make a noise like the rapid turning of a wheel ;
to twirl round, to spin.
Sc. Grannie ... is sitting birling at her wheel, SCOTT Blk.
Dwar/(i8i6') iii ; A line of windmills birling in the breeze, STEVEN-
SON Catriona (1892) xxii. Elg. The kettle birlin' ower the heat,
TESTER.Po«ws(i865) 156. Abd. To 'birl' money is used with special
ref. to deciding a course of action by tossing up a coin (H.E.F.).
Fi'. I was never consulted aboot the journey, but sent birlin' like
a bool frae the cradle to the grave, ROBERTSON Provost (1894)
55. Lth. The squirrel . . . made its little mill birl round swiftly,
STRATHESK More Bits (1885) 14. Edb. The goodwife with her
right foot birls round the spinning wheel, MOIR Mansie Wauch
(1828) 234, ed. 1868. N.I.1, Vis. (M.B.-S.) Ant. Birl it round,
Ballymena Obs. (1892). s.Dor. SIMMONS Gl. (1890). N.Cy.1 Nhb.
Just where the stream gaes birlin', Coquetdale Sngs. (1852) 122 ;
Nhb.1
Hence Birling, ppl. adj. whirling with noise.
Elg. Leave a while The busy birlin' mill, TESTER Poems (1865)
192. Kcd. Fae her fingers drapt the thread, An' ceased the birlin'
wheel, GRANT Lays (1884) 14. Gall. The brisk noon of a fine birling
day in May, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) xxii.
2. To move quickly, to hurry along, run about.
Elg. Jamie's awauk again, birlin' an' back again, TESTER Poems
(1865) 143. Edb. It's a cosy birth and one that gars the cappers birl
down, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) xxvi. Gall. As fast as the
horses can birl, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) xvii- K<=b. Time gaed
a-birlin the years swiftly onward, ARMSTRONG Inglestde (1890) 71 ;
Now through the air the auld boy [the devil] birl'd, DAVIDSON
Seasons (1789) 39. Cum. He's got to birlin' aboot wonderful
[of a child learning to walk] (E.W.P.). w.Yks. (J.T.)
3. To spend money, esp. in phr. birl the bawbee, to make
the money fly ; to gamble or spend in drink.
Sc. Ilk lad his lass he brings His odd bawbees to birl, A. SCOTT
Poems (1808' 84; She gart me birle my bawbee, HERD Sngs.
(1776) II. 18. Ayr. It's no for courtesy o' causey clash he's birlin'
his mouldy pennies, GALT Entail (1823) Ixxxiii ; No that I mind
to birl my bawbee at a time, ib. Sir A. Wylie (1822) xxviii. Gall.
(A.W.)
4. sb. A whirring sound ; *a rapid twist or turn.
Sc. Bang goes a guinea wi' a birl, TWEEDDALE Moff(i8g6) 18.
Ant. Gie it two or three birls, Ballymena Obs. (1892). Cum.1
s.v. Dirl.
BIRLE, v. Sc. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Glo. (?) Also
written birl Sc. Yks. Lan.1 ne.Lan.1; burl Sc. w.Yks.1
Glo. [birl, bal.]
1. To pour out liquor, to pass round, to ply with drink.
Sc. Your bucks that birl the forain berry, SKINNER Poems (iSog)
94 ; She birled him with the ale and wine, SCOTT Minstrelsy (1803)
II- 45 (JAM.). Edb. Birling the tankard round the table, MOIR
Mansie Wauch (1828) xxiii. Cum. BREWER (1870). Wm. Birl
these chaps a drop o' yal oot (B.K.). w.Yks. (S.P.U.) ; Ah'll birl
a glass o' ale for misen. Still very common in Wilsden, Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (Oct. 10, 1891) ; Burl that spiced alerahnd, Yksman. (1876)
iai, col. 2; w.Yks.1 ; w.Yks.2 Come, lass, birle out t'ale. Lan.
Then he'd ha burled th' ale abeawt, STANDING Echoes (1885) 22;
Lan.1, ne.Lan.1 Glo. He told me to burl out the beer, as he was
in a hurry, and I burled out a glass and gave it him, N & Q
(1851) ist S. iii. 204.
2. To drink hard, to carouse.
Sc. He gaed down to birl it awa' at their bonnie hottle, SCOTT
St. Ronan (1824) iii; There we sat birling till I had a fair tappit
hen under my belt, ib. Guy M. (1815) xxxix ; They've been birling
the bree, COBBAN Andaman (1895) xl. Fif. He sat him down to
birl and quaff, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 103. Cum.3 When they
were at the supper set An' birlin' at the wine, 166.
Hence (i) Birler, sb. the master of the revels, who
presides at a feast, esp. at a ' bidden-wedding ' ; (2) Birling,
vbl. sb. a feast, a carousal.
(i) Cnm./V. &• Q. (1851) ist S. iii. 204 ; BROCKETT Gl. ; BOUCHER
Prov. Gl. (1852). ne.Lan.1 (2} Sc. We are no ganging to the
Laird's but to a blithe birling at the Brokenburnfoot, SCOTT Redg.
(1824") Lett, xi ; An house of entertainment where there has
been mony a blithe birling, ib. Bride of Lam. (1819) xxiii.
[To birle, promere, haurire, LEVINS Manip. (1570) ; To
byrle, propinare, miscere, Cath, Angl. (1483) ; Y took the
cuppe . . . and Y birlide to alle folkis, WYCLIF (1388) Jer.
xxv. 17; To birrlenn firrst te swete win, Ormulum, 15418.
OE. byrlian, to pour out, to give to drink ; hence ON.
byrla.}
BIRLIE-MAN, sb. Obs. or obsol. Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Lin. Also written hurley- Chs.1 ; burly- Lan.1 n.Lin.1 ;
byrley- w.Yks.2 A petty officer appointed at a court-leet
to settle local disputes, &c. See also below.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.N, ; No fit to be a birlieman, let be
a bailie, SCOTT Waverley (1814) xlii. Abd. Birley men chosen by
themselves, ALEXANDER Notes and Sketches (1877) 13. Per., Arg.
A sworn valuator employed to value houses, &c. at the beginning
and end of a lease (H.E.F.1). w.Yks.2 Obs. Lan. DAVIES Races
(1856) 228; Lan.1 Chs. (K.); Chs.1 In cases of damage caused
by cattle trespassing, the burley-men would very often be called
in to assess the damage. n.Lin.1 Obs.
[Nos hodie birlaw courtis & birlawmen dicimus, SPEL-
MAN (1687) s. y. Bellagines ; Byrleymen ellected by the
bealyffe and jury for this present yeare 1626 are, &c.,
Holmesfield Court Rolls (w.Yks.2 300). A comp. ofbyr/aw,
the local custom or ' law ' of a township ; also, a district
having its own ' byrlaw ' court. Byrlaiv is of Norse
origin, and repr. ON. byjar-log, the law of a 'by' or
township.]
BIRLIN, si. Sc. (JAM.) A small cake made of barley
or oatmeal.
BIRMINGHAM .SYSTEM, phr. Midi. A benefit fund,
the balance of which is divided at the end of every year
among the contributors. Called also Slate-club system.
\_Gl. Lab. (1894).]
BIRN, sb.1 and v. Sc. Irel. Nhb. [birn.]
1. sb. A burnt mark, esp. a mark burnt on the noses of
sheep to identify them.
Sc. The lambs. . . receive the artificial mark . . . the farmer's initial,
stamped upon the nose with a hot iron, provincially designed the
birn, Agric. Surv. Peb. igi (JAM.). Slk. Ere with rebellious birn
I brand thee, HOGG Queer Bk. (1832) 293. n.Cy. Border Gl.
(Coll. L.L.B.)
2. pi. The charred stems of burnt heather, which remain
after the smaller twigs are consumed.
Sc. We hae ... A poor life o't amang the bent an' birns, A. SCOTT
Poems (1808 j 158; The dark heather birns here and there jutted
out grim and weird, OCHILTRF.E Redburn (1895) xxiii. Abd. She
had at least to gang Through birns, and pikes, and scrabs and
heather lang, Ross Helenore (1768) 26. ed. 1812. Lnk. Nae birns
or briers or whins e'er troubled me, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725)
54, ed. 1783. Nhb.1
Hence Birny, adj. covered with the stems of burnt
heather.
Kcb. O'er dykes and birny fells They scour upo' the scent,
DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 4. Nhb.1
3. The withered stems of garden or other plants.
Ant. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
Hence Birny, adj. Of plants : having rough or stunted
stems.
Lth. (JAM.)
4. A dry heathy pasture reserved for young lambs after
they are weaned.
Lth., Rxb. Lambs after weaning are sent to a heathy pasture,
called the birn, Agric. Surv. 193 (JAM.).
BIRN
[273]
BIRSLE
5. v. To put lambs on a poor dry pasture.
s.Sc. Lambs are freq. sent to poor pasture, which is called
birning them, Agric. Sura. Feb. 396 JAM.) ; YOUNG Annals Agric.
1,1784-1815:.
BIRN, sb.2 Sc. The labia pudenda of a cow (JAM.).
[Conn. w. burn, vb. (' ardere '). Cp. G. brunft, conn. w.
brennen.}
BIRN, sb.a Sc. [birn.] A burden, a load, esp. one
carried on the back. See Burn.
Bch. I'll gie his birn a hitch an" help To ease him o' his pain,
Poems in Buchan Dial. (1785) 32 (JAM.). Abd. Frae Scottish
bardie lift a birn, STILL Cottar's Sunday (1845) 170; She's hame
fae the wids wi' a gey birn o' sticks on her back (W.M.) ; My
birn, O Bess, has got an unco lift, SHIRREFS Poems (1790) 84 ; It
liftit a birn aft" o' 'er min', ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xliv.
BIRN, vbl. sb. Nhp. A borrowing.
Nhp.1 If you go a birn you go a sirn, i.e. if you go a borrowing
you go a sorrowing.
[A pron. of lit. E. borrowing.}
BIRN, see Skin.
BIRR, sb. Sc. Irel. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Der. Also written beer Chs.13; ber Lan.1 Chs.12; berr
Lan. nw.Der.1 ; bir Sc. Cum. e.Lan.1 Chs.1 2; birre w. Yks.24
Chs.2 ; bur Cum. s.Chs.1 [bir, bar, ba(r).]
1. Force, impetus, energy ; vigour, violence, passion.
Sc. The congregation sang them with such ' birr and go.'
DICKSON Auld Precentor (ed. 1894) 28. Sh.I. It wid pirvok a sant
An set him in a birr, BURGESS Rasmie (1892) 45. Fif. Frae his
wicket Wi' terrible fierce birr he licket, TENNANT Papistry (1827;
13. Ayr. A chaise in full birr came upon her and knocked her
down, GALT Provost (1822' xv ; Then steer thro' life wi' birr an'
vigour, SILLAR Poems (1789) 56. Edb. And awey down, in full
birr, to the Duke's gate, MOIR Mansie Wauch ( 1828) viii. Gall.
She had the birr and go of twenty in her, CROCKETT Stickit Min.
• 1893) 253. n.Yks. ' 3 w. Yks. Leeds Men. Suppl. (Sept. 19, 1891) ;
w.Yks.4 Lan. I punch'd ut dur weh aw th' ber in meh, BUTTER-
WORTH Sequel ^1819) ro ; Lan.1 Thae's knockt th' breath eawt o'
me, welly ! Thae'd no need to come i' sich a ber ! WAUGH Owd
Blanket (1867) ii. e.Lan.1 Chs. (K.) ; Chs.123 s.Chs.1 Ey kiim
wi sich' u buur ugy'en' mi, dhun ey fae'r took mi breth of mi [Hey
come wi' sich a bur agen me, than hey fair took my breath off me].
nw.Der.1
2. The space a person runs in order to take a leap ; esp.
in phr. to take birr, a run-birr- jump, a leap taken after a
quick run.
Dur. (K.) Cum., Wm. A runner's burloup [jump]is very different
from a standing one (M.P.). w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Caws (1781);
w.Yks.2 Lan. GROSE ^1790) MS. add. <C.) ; DAVIES Races (1856)
226. Chs. RAY (1691); I took a run a bir jump (E.M.G.) ; Chs.123,
Der.1, nw.Der.1
3. A rapid whirling motion; the sound produced thereby.
Sc. He was the best curler in the parish. . . . With what a birr
he made it [stone] flee from his hand along the ice, WHITEHEAD
Daft Davie (1876) 266, ed. 1894; The well- known birr of shuttles,
COBBAN Andaman (1895) iv. Per. O' the sounds o' love and joy,
There's nane sae pleasant as the birr o' Scotland's spinnin'-
wheel, NICOLL Po<ms (1837)82, ed. 1843. Ayr. The wind blew such
a pith and birr, GALT Ann. Parish (1821) iii. N.Cy.1, Com.1 Wm.
FERGUSON Northmen (1856) 170. w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. • w.Yks.2
4. Confusion, turmoil.
Ant They' rein a quare biraboot somethin', Ballymena Obs. (1892);
In common use (W.J.K.).
[1. Lo in a greet birre, al the droue wente heedlinge
in to the see, WYCLIF (1380) Matt. viii. 32. 2. II recule
pour mieux saulter, He goes back to take bur, or to leap
the better, COTGR. (s. v. Saulter). ON. byrr, a favourable
wind ; so Norw. dial, byr ( AASEN), Sw. dial, bor-vind, wind
to grind with (RiExz).]
BIRR, v. Sc. Nhb. [bir.] To make a whirring noise ;
to move rapidly, to bustle, act with energy.
Elg. Loud birrs the wheel, COUPER Tourifications (1803) 81.
Abd. The guidwife sat birrin at the wheel, Guidman (1873) 45, ed.
1875. Fif. The burghers' tongues were set a-birrin', TENNANT
Papistry (1827) 13. Edb. The wild partridges . . . birring their
wings with fright, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) xxii. Nhb.1
Hence (i) Birring, ppl. adj. humming, whirring; (2)
Birringly, adv. with vigour, hurry.
(i) Per. Listenin' to the birrin' soun' o' Scotland's spinnin'-wheel,
NICOLL Poems (1837) 80, ed. 1843. Rnf. I like to hear . . . The
VOL, I.
birring o' the pirn, ALLAN Poems (1836) 113. Ayr. I trow Girzy
gars them keep a trig house and a birring wheel, GALT EntaiK 1823)
vii. (2) Fif. But at ilk door . . . They birringly did bicker, TENNANT
Papistry (1827) 208.
BIRS, sb. Rxb. (JAM.) The gadfly.
[A n. pron. of brizze, lit. E. breeze. Tahon, a brizze,
brimsee, gadbee, COTGR. OE. briosa.}
BIRSE, sb.1 and i/.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb. [Mrs.]
1. sb. A bristle, hair, plume ; a hair twisted on to the
wax thread used in sewing leather.
Sc. The souter gae his sou a kiss. ' Grumph ' (quo* the sou), 'it's
for my birse," Souter and his Sow in /V. & Q. (1870 4th S. vii. 361.
S. & Ork.1 MS. add. Rnf. Like the birses on a sow, BAKU Poems
,1861; 33. Ayr. An' tirl the hallions to the birses, BURNS To
Beelzebub (1790 . Lth. A wee cockit hat on't like the birse on a
yeomanry man's helmet, STRATHESK More Bits (1885) 182. N.I.1
Nhb. [His hairs] rise like the birses of a hurcheon, RICHARDSON
Borderer's Table-bk. ^1846) VII. 137 ; Nhb.1
Hence Birsy, (i) adj. of the weather: keen, bleak,
sharp ; (2) adv. bristly, with hair standing on end ; (3) sb.
a nickname for a pig.
(i) n.Sc. A birssy day (JAM.). (2) Fif. Their scalps, that birsy
stood, Garr'd prinkle ilka hair, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 178. N.I.1
(3) S. & Ork.1 MS. add.
2. Fig. Temper, anger.
Sc. He wad set up tother's birse, SCOTT Antiquary (1816^ xxi.
Per. The man disna live 'at can beat the doctor when his birse is
up, IAN MACLAREN Auld Lang Syne (1895) 95. Ayr. He could
not resist the temptation of setting up the birses of amity, GALT
Sir A. WyKe (1822) ii. e.Lth. I didna say that to Geordie, no
wantin to set up his birse, HUNTER J. Inwick (1895) 40. Edb. Not
a little surprised to see my birse up in this manner, MOIR Mansie
Wauch (1828) xviii. Slk. My birses being up, faith, I challenged
him, CHR. NORTH Nocles(ed. 1856) 1 1. 1 75. Gall. ' Veesitor, quo' she ! '
says John, with his birses up in a moment, CROCKETT Stickit Min.
(1893) 128. Nhb.1
3. v. To bristle,/^, to ' flare up,' get angry.
Edb. ' Haivers,' said Nanse, birsing up like a cat before a colley,
MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) xxvi. Gall, i A.W.)
[The bustuus swyne . . . Standis at the bay, and vp hys
byrsis settis, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, in. 335.
OE. byrst, a bristle.]
BIRSE, v? and sb? Sc. n.Cy. Also written birze S. &
Ork.1 [birs, birz.]
1. v. To bruise, to crush.
Sc. Birzing the saft rope between the neb of it and a crunkled
jag o' stane, STEVENSON Catriona (1892) xv. Ayr. My lug's birzed
black and blue, GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822) v ; We were both birzing
the sugar, ib. Pmvost (1822*1 xlvii. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.)
Hence Birsed, ppl. adj. bruised, crushed by a blow.
Slk. Like a heap o' bashed and birzed paddocks, CHR. NORTH
Nodes ed. 1856) III. 16.
2. To press, squeeze: to push, force.
S. & Ork.1 MS. add. Elg. Gie ye some hints hoo to birze thro'
the warl', TESTER Poems 118651 107. Abd. Kisses upon her
he birs'd on anew, Ross Helenore (1768) 89, ed. 1812; Captain
Anderson tried to birze throu', ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xviii;
He birzed the cork in wi' his thoom. Dinna birze sae hard or
ye'll brak the gless (W.M.).
3. sb. A bruise, contusion ; pressure, esp. that of a crowd.
Sc. We had an awfu' birse (JAM.). Ayr. A doctor to a bit birz
that I'll soon no be a prin the wauro't.GALTSiV^. Wylie (1822) ciii.
[His sovir armour ... Is brokkyn and byrsit with feill
stonys cast, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, HI. 269. A
pron. of brizz, ME. brisen, OE. brysan, to crush.]
BIRSE, sb.a Nhb. A triangular chisel used to square
out mortice holes. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
BIRSIE, sb. and adj. Sc. [bi'rsi.]
1. sb. An impertinent, forward child. Cf. bairse, adj.
s.Sc. (W.H.H.) Ayr. In common use (J.F.).
2. adj. Hot-tempered, passionate.
Per. The Lumsdens were a set o' roch birsie headit deevils
(G.W.). Ayr. In common use (J.F.).
[Prob. a comp. of birse, sb.l + -ie (->-)•]
BIRSLE, v. and sb. Sc. Nhb. [bi'rsl.]
1. v. To toast, scorch ; to crackle with heat. Also
used fig.
Sc. Wi' prickin' pride that their vain hearts had birsled, ALLAN
N n
BIRST
[274]
BISHOP
Lilts (1874) 67 ; There's a fire in the parlour would birsel a juke
as cheugh as ben-leather, TWEEDDALE Moff (1896) 188. Bnff.1
Will the corn lead the day ? — Oo, i, it's jist birslin'. Abd. Ye've
been birslin yer shins langaneuch, ALEXANDER Johnny Gtbb(ifyi)
xv. Rnf. Nae rowsin' peat fire on the floor Tae sit by an' birsle
my taes, NEILSON Poems (1877) 23. Nhb.1
Hence (i) Birsled, ppl. adj. dried, scorched by fire or
sun ; (2) Birsling, ppl. adj. scorching, drying.
(i) Ayr. You slotted yoursel' out o' the room like a birsled pea,
GALT Sir A. Wylie (1823) Ixiii. Lnk. My wee bundle . . . slotted
like a birsled pea into the lap o' a quiet . .. woman, FRASER
IMaufis (1895) xv. Nhb.1 (a) n.Sc. A nice birslin win', it'll seen
dry up the grun (W.G.). Kcb. Wi the birslin beams o' light,
DAVIDSON Seasons (,1789) 59.
2. sb. A thorough warming.
Bnff.1 Sit doon afore the fire, and gee't a gueede birsle.
[1. How feill echirris (ears) of corn thik growing, Wyth
the new sonnys heit byrsyllit, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513)
ed. 1874, in. 133.]
BIRST, sb. and v. Sc. Cum. [birst]
1. sb. Difficulty, emergency ; an attack, battle, fight. See
Burst.
Sc. Alang wi' you the birst to dree, A. SCOTT Poems 1805) 145
(JAM.). Bwk. Ye ne'er could wrang her at ony birst, HENDERSON
Pop. Rhymes (1856) 75. N.Cy.1 I'll bide the birst. Cum. Thou
was aye gude at a birst, GILPIN Sngs. (1866) 485.
2. An exertion beyond one's strength having evil con-
sequences.
Bnff.1 He got a birst last hairst, an' he hiz an cowrt it yet
3. Convulsive weeping.
Bnff.1 The lassie geed oot wee a birst o' greetin fin she wiz
gain' awa.
4. v. To weep convulsively. Abd. (JAM.)
BIRTH, sb. Or.I. A current in the sea caused by
a furious tide, but taking a different course from it.
Or.I. Notwithstanding the rapidity of these tides and births, the
inhabitants travel from isle to isle ... in their little cock-boats or
yoals, WALLACE Orkney (1700) 7 ^JAM.). S. & Ork.1
BIRTHDAY-CAKE, sb. e.Yks.1 A cake peculiar to
e.Holderness, made of alternate layers of paste and
currants.
BIRTHY, adj. Sc. (JAM.) Irel. Nhb. Also written
berthy Nhb.1 Numerous ; productive, prolific, fruitful.
Sc. The last year's crop . . . was not birthie, LAW Mem. (1680)
159. N.I.1 Them beans is very birthy. Ant. Birthy potatoes ; a kind
that has a good number of tubers at each stalk, Ballymena Obs.
(1892). Nhb.1 Applied to land.
[Birth + -y.}
BIRTLE, sb. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Chs. Also written
burtle N.Cy.2 Nhb. Yks. [bi'rtl, bS'tl.] A summer eating-
apple or sweeting.
N.Cy.2 Nhb. GROSE (1790). Dur.1, Yks. (K.), w.Yks.12, Chs.13
Hence Birtlin, sb, a small, sweet summer apple. Cum.1
[A burtle, a sweeting, BAILEY (1721) ; A birtylle, malo-
mellum ; a birtylle tre, malomellus, Cath. Angl. (1483).]
BIRTLE, adj. e.An.1 Brittle.
BISCAKE,s6. Irel. Shr. Glo. Nrf. Suf. Dev. [bi'skek.]
A biscuit.
N.I.1, Shr.1 Glo. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) Nrf. She begins
to crump up a bis-cake (W.R.E.). Suf. (F.H.) n.Dev. GROSE
(1790) MS. add. (H.)
[A contam. of biscuit w. cake.}
BISCUIT, sb> Sc. e.Yks. Ken. Sus.
1. A small, round loaf, baked in a shallow cylindrical tin.
e.Yks. Hoo mich bread ha' ye baked? — Oh, three loaves and
a lot of biscuits (R.S.) ; e.Yks.1
2. Cake of any kind.
Per. A small, round cake of flour ; seldom of oatmeal (G.W.).
Ken. Used on the borders of Sus. (P.M.) Sus. Even a large
Christmas cake is called biscuit at Eastbourne and Brighton, ELLIS
Pronunc. (1889) V. 134 ; Sus.1 A plum biscuit, or a seed biscuit ;
Sns.2
BISCUIT(S, sb? (i) Geranium robertianutn, wild
geranium (Dev.); (2) the root of Potentilla tormentilla,
tormentil (Irel.).
(i) s.Dev. (F.W.C.) (2)N.I.1 Called also 'tormenting root.'
BISEN, see Bysen.
BISGY, sb. Som. Dev. Also written bisgee Som.
[bi'zgi, w.Som. ba'zgi.] A tool for rooting, consisting of
a combination of a heavy mattock and small axe. Called
also Visgy, Two-bail.
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873).
w.Som.1 Dev. I zim I chell be vocedtQ use tha bisgy tu 'at thews
clats abroad wi', HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 143.
[In ME. a double-edged axe. On ech shulder of steele
a besagew, Partonope (c. 1440) 1936. Fr. besague, a double-
tongued mattock (CoTGR.). Se.e HATZFELD (s.v. besaigue').}
BE5HED, pp. Nhp. Wor. In phr. to be bished, to be con-
firmed. See Bishop, v.
Nhp. (A.C.) Wor. (W.B.) s.Wor. PORSON Quaint Wds.
(1875)20.
BISHIMER, sb. e.An. The ant.
e.An.1 Nrf. COZENS- HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) 62.
[A pron. of pismire.]
BISHOP, so. Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
1. In phr. the bishop has put his foot in it, of milk or
porridge: burnt to the pan in boifing ; the bishop's foot,
a taste of burning.
Sc. The good old man . . . detected the bishop's foot in the first
course and died of a broken heart, CHR. NORTH Recreations (ed.
1868) II. 182. n.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) ; N.Cy.i Yks.
(F.H.), n.Yks. (E.L.), w.Yks.2, Der.1, Nhp.1, War.3 Shr.1 Used
by old people in w.Shr. Sus., Hmp. HOLLOWAY.
2. Comp. in plant-names: (i) Bishop's-thumb, a variety
of pear (w.Yks.2 w.Som.1) ; (2) -weed, (a) Aegopodium
poaagraria, goutweed (n.Irel. Dor.); (b) Mentha aquatica,
hairy mint (Hmp.1) ; (3) -wig, Arabis alpina, white arabis
(Chs.); (4) -wort, (a) Mentha aquatica (Hmp. Wil.) ; (b)
Nigella damascena, love in a mist (Cmb.).
(2, a) Dor. (G.E.D.) (3) Chs.1 The white masses [are] supposed
to resemble the old-fashioned powdered wigs worn by bishops.
(3, a) Hmp. Bishop-wort, one of the mints from which the peasant
makes his ' hum-water,' WISE New Forest (1883) 166. s.Hmp.
Tommy's just crazy wi' the colic. . . . Could ye gi'e her a pinch of
bishopswort, for to make humwater ? VERNEY L. Lisle (^1870) x.
Wil.1 Used on the border of Hmp.
3. In insect- and fish-names : (i) the lady-bird, Cocinella
septetn punclata, called also Bishop Barnabee, q.v. ; (2)
a night moth, called also a Miller ; (3) the fish Coitus
scorpius.
(i) e.An. RAY (1691). s.Cy. RAY (1691) ; GROSE (1790). Sns.2
[(K.)] (2) s.Wxf. (HALL.) ; ^P.J.M.) (3) Cor.12
4. From a bishop's apron : an apron or pinafore ; a
child's over-all.
w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. ; Hoo con put hur bishop on hursel. Hoo's
a big wench i' bishops (D.L.) ; (B.K.) Lan. Use't to wear white
bishops, BRIERLEY Layrock (1864) iii ; Mother she'd set an cry
until th' babby's bishop wur wet through, BURNETT Haworths
(1887) xl; Lan.1 Here; take him, an' wesh him; an' put him
a clen bishop on, WAUGH Chimn. Corner in Manch. Critic (Mar. 7,
1874). e.Lan.1, Chs.12
5. In comp. Bishop-string, an apron-string.
Lan. Starin' afther a wench's bishop-strings, BRIERLEY Irkdale
(1865) 74, ed. 1868.
6. A piece of glue which is cut too large.
Nhb.1 In making glue it is poured into trays to cool, then laid
on a table, where it is cut with an instrument, not unlike a bow,
having a brass wire as its string, into three pieces. When the
women by mistake cut only two, that which is double the size is
called a bishop, and doomed to be melted over again, Impartial
Hist. ofNewc. (1801).
7. A twisted stick or withe used to bind a faggot.
Slang. Used at Winchester School (A.D.H.) ; SHADWELL Wyke.
Slang. (1859-1864).
8. A cantankerous, peevish boy.
Lnk. A canker'd bishop (JAM.). [Not known to our corre-
spondents.]
9. A sweet drink, compounded of various ingredients.
w.Som.1
[1. Cp. TUSSER Hush. (1580) 108: Blesse Cisley (good
mistris) that Bishop doth ban For burning the milke of hir
cheese to the pan.— Yf the podech be burned to, or the
meate over rested, we saye the bysshope hath put his fote
in the potte, or the bysshope hath playd the coke, because
the bysshopes burn who they lust and whosoever dis-
BISHOP
[275]
BIT
pleaseth them, TINDALE Obedience of a Christen Man
(1528) fo. cxxx. 2. (2, «) Bishop's weed, ainmi, COLES
(1679); Ameos, Herb- William, Ameos, Ammi, Bull-wort,
Bisnops-weed, COTGR. (4, b) Gith, Herb githen, Bishops
wort, ' Nigella Romana,' COTGR.]
BISHOP, v. Sc. and all n. counties to Chs. Stf. Der.
Lin. Also Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. Hrf. e.An. Som. Cor.
1. To administer the rite of confirmation.
Stf.12 Lin. BROOKE Tracts, 4. Lei.1 Many a good couple would
consider themselves unworthy of the Christian privileges they
enjoy if the husband were not bribed at every election and the
wife bishopped at every confirmation, Cyn. Corresp. (1868). Nhp.12,
War. (J.R.W.) Shr.1 'Er wuz bishopped i' Sosebry a wik las'
Tuesday. Hrf.2, e.An.1, Nrf.1 w.Som.1 Our Jim never wadn
a-bishoped. Cor.2 MS. add.
Hence Bishopping, sb. a confirmation.
Chs.1 2 War.3 Are you going to the bishopping !
2. Of milk, &c. : to burn in boiling. See Bishop, sb. 1.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Cnm. T'poddish is bishop't, and fu' o' dozzels
(E.W.P.). Wm.1 Its bishopto' ova heeap. Yks. Have an eye to
the milk, ... for she canna stomach it if it's bishopped e'er so little,
GASKELL Sylvia (1863) I. iv ; The pudding 'ad boiled over in
t'oven, an' it was rather bishoped (F.P.T.). n.Yks. A'. & Q.
(1876) 5th S. v. 333. e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.14
Lan.1 Neaw, Mally, this is too bad ! Th' milk's bishopped again.
Chs.1 Stf.2 Na, Sally, just keep yer eye on that milk ur yu'n 'ave
it bishopped. Der.2, nw.Der.1, n.Lin.1 Shr. BOUND Prov. (1876) ;
Shr.i
Hence Bishopped, ppl. adj. Of milk, &c. : burnt.
N.Cy.1 Der. Bishopped milk, N. & Q. (1876) sth S. v. 49. Shr.1
Obsol. A corrupted form, ' 'ishopped,' has been noted, but probably
it was an individual instance.
3. To conceal the signs of age in a horse by tampering
with its teeth, £c. In gen. use.
Yks. KNOWLSON Cattle Doctor (1834) 150. Shr.1, Hrf.2, w.Som.1
Slang. FARMER.
4. To trim or furbish up any article so as to make it look
better than it really is.
w.Som. At a sale of farm implements a farmer remarked, ' They
be all a-bishopped up wi' paint and putty — eens can't tell how old
they be (F.T.E.) ; w.Som.1
[1. He ... chose to bear The name of fool confirm'd and
bishop'd by the fair, DRVDEN Cymon (1700) 243 ; (He) by-
cam a man of a mayde and metropolitanus, And baptisede,
and busshoppede, with the blode of hus herte, P. Plowman
(c.) XVHI. 268. OE. bisceopian, to confirm as a bishop. 3.
Bishoping, a term amongst horse-coursers, which they
use for those sophistications they use to make an old
horse appear young, and a bad one good, Sportsman's Diet.
(1785); so BAILEY (1755).]
BISHOP BARNABEE, sb. e.An. Sus. Also written
Bishop Barnaby, — benebee, — benetree e.An.1 ;
barney -Suf.1; bushy barnaby Suf. ; bushey barney bee,
bushy bandy bee, bish-a barney bees Nrf. The lady-
bird, Coccinella septem punctata. See Barnabee.
e.An.1 Nrf. When the Overstrand children catch one of these
insects they will let it go, saying, ' Bishop, Bishop Barnabee !
Tell me when your wedding be, If te be to-morrow day, Take
your wings and fly away,' GURNEY Nrf. Wds. (1855) ; COZENS-
HARDY Broad Nrf. 1,1893) 35; (F..M.) e.Suf. Flk-Lore Rec.
(iSQo) VIII. pt. i. 127. Suf.1 Sus.1 Called also Lady-bug, Fly-
golding, or God Almighty's cow.
BISHOPRIG, sb. n.Cy. Dur. A name for the county
of Durham, the ' Bishopric ' by way of eminence, as the
diocese of the Bishop Palatine.
N.Cy.1 Dur.1 More freq. used in common conversation by those
who are resident on the Yks. side of the Tees, as, ' He lives ow'r
i' Bishobrig.'
[The Bishopric Garland, or Durham Minstrel, ed.
Ritson (1784) litle-page; Mr. Greaves . . . danced at the
Assembly with a young lady from the Bishopric, SMOLLETT
Sir L. Greaves (1762! ili (DAV.) ; Skinner (s.v. Blast) says,
' vox in Episcopatu Duneltn. usitata.']
BISHOP'S FINGER, phr. Obs.t Ken. A guide-
post.
Ken. Probably obs. (P.M.) ; Ken.1 So called, because it shows the
right way, but does not go therein. [GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.)]
BISKINS, see Beestings.
BISKY, sb. Ken. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written biskey
Som. Cor.2 [bi-ski.] A biscuit.
Ken. HOLLOWAY. Som. 'Er 'ont make use o' nothing but a bisky,
JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng. (1869) ; SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885).
w.Som.1 Wuol ee av u bus'kee, muy dee-ur ? [will you have
a biscuit, my dear?] nw.Dev.1 Cor. Sich sour bread, and sich
ratten stinking biskies, TREGELLAS Tales (1860) 66, ed. 1865; Cor.2
[The pron. prob. due to the Fr. biscuit.}
BISMAR, sb. n.Sc. Also written bissimar.
1. A steelyard, or similar instrument for weighing.
Or.I. The Bysmer is a lever or beam made of wood about
three feet long. . . . From the middle, all along the smallest end, it
is marked with small iron pins at unequal distances, which serve
to point out the weight, BARRY Hist. (1805) 211 (JAM.) ; The
new factor is for making a change in the bismars and the lispunds,
SCOTT Pirate (1822) ix. S. & Ork.1 Ags. Commonly used (JAM.).
2. Fig. The fifteen-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus
spinacnia.
S. & Ork.1 Or.I. The fifteen-spined stickleback is here de-
nominated the bismer, from the resemblance it is supposed to bear
to the weighing instrument of that name, BARRY Hist. Orkney
(1805) 289 (JAM.). [SATCHELL (1879).]
[1. Norw. dial, bismar, a steelyard (AASEN) ; ON. bismari,
Sw. besman (SERENIUS).]
BISNINGS, see Beestings.
BISON, see Bysen.
BISPELL, see By-spell.
BISSLINGS, see Beestings.
BISSOM, see Besom.
BISSON, adj. Obsol. or obs. Nhb. Lan. Der. Lin.
Shr. Nhp. Also in forms beesen N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Lin. ;
bizzen Nhp.1; beezen N.Cy.1 Nhb.1; bizened N.Cy.2;
boison'd Der.1 ; byzen Lan.1 ; bison Nhb.
1. Blind.
N.Cy.12 Nhb. GROSE (1790); Nhb.1 Lan.1 All Englandshire'll
think at yoar glenting at loose fratching, byzen, craddingly tykes,
TIM BOBBIN Works (ed. 1750) 39. Der.1 Lin. Obs. N. & Q. (1865)
3rd S. vii. 162 ; (K.) ; Beesen, Bison vel Beezen, Caecus, vox agro
Lincoln, usitatissima, SKINNER (1671) ; Lin.1 Shr.1 The poor owd
mon's aumust bisson.
2. Comp. Bizzen-blind, purblind. Nhp.1
[Thys manne was not purblynde, or a lyttle appayred
and decayed in syght, but as bysome as was possible to
be, UDALL Paraphrases of Erasmus 1 1551) I. fo. clxiii (Mark
viii. 22) ; Lamech . . . wur6 bisne, and haued a man Sat
ledde him ofte, Gen. &•> Ex. (c. 1250) 472. ONhb. bisene.
Tuoege bisene vel blinde (duo caeci), Lind. Gosp. (c. 950)
Malt. ix. 27.]
BIST, see Beast.
BIT, sb.1 and v.1 In var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also Colon, [bit.]
1. sb. A morsel of food ; in phr. (i) bit and baid, (2) bits
and brat(s, food and clothing ; (3) bit and buffet, food and
blows ; (4) every bit and crumb, fig. every morsel, entirely,
altogether ; (5 ) bit and drop, (6 ) hit and sup, a little to eat
and drink.
(i) Abd. Your honour winna miss our bit and baid, Ross
Helenore (1768) 124, ed. 1812. (2) e.Lth. We hae slaved plenty'for
bit an' brat, HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) 228. Nhb. Their bits and
brats are varry scant, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) 10 ; Nhb.1
(3) Sc. A fellow . . . who would take, according to Scottish phrase,
' the bit and the buffet,' SCOTT Bride of Lam. (1819) xxi ; Fate . . .
gies them their bit and buffet wi't, A. SCOTT Poems (181 1) 30 (JAM.).
Ayr. Dinna mak' your charity on the present a bit and a buffet
wi't, GALT Lairds (1826) xxx. n.Yks.2 Ne'er give a bit And a
buffet wi't. (4) Hmp. He is a good dog, every bit and crumb of
him, AT. & Q. (1854) ist S. x. 400 ; Hmp.1 Dor. Every bit an'
crimp, BARNES Gl. (1863) ; Dor.1 w-Som.1 Wee pikt aup uvuree
beet-n kreo'm [we gathered up every morsel]. A very common
expression, applied to any substance, as hay, manure, seed, soil.
Also used in the abstract— I'd just zo zoon, every bit and crumb.
' 'Tis every bit and croom za bad as shutting a unvledged paadridge,'
PULMAN Sketches, la. nw.Dev.1 (5) Ayr. She had to work sore
for their bitand drap, GALT Annals (1821) i. Dor. We could knock
in a bit and a drop, HARDY Madding Crowd (1874) vii ; BARNES
Gl. (1863) ; Dor.1 (6) Kcd. Grudged a passin' bit an' sup, GRANT
Lays (1884) 46. Dmf. Her attention to yer wames, Wi' bit an' sup,
QUINN Litttie (1863) 37. Ir. Nor bit nor sup she'd had but a crust,
N na
BIT
[276]
BITCH
BARLOW Bog-land (1893 60. e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.) Not.1,
sw-Lin.1, Lei.1, War.3 Glo. I'se had a bit and a sup mysel',
BUCKMAN Darkens Sojourn (1890) x. s.Oxf. Never tasted bit nor
sup 'cep' a drop o' beer, ROSEMARY Chilterns (1895) 119. Oxf.1 MS.
add.
2. In //. Scraps of beef, liver, &c.
Cor.2 Sold by the lump as ' bits ' for a ' false roast,' or a fry.
3. In pi. A herb resembling spinach, used for making
pies. Cor.2
4. A piece of money ; coin ; a threepenny piece.
Frf. They were known in Thrums as the Eleven and a Bits, that
being their price at Kyowowy's, BARRIE Thrums (1889)67. Lon.
Come out and see if we can't get a bit, Dy. News (Jan. 4, 1895) 3,
col. 7. w.Som.1 U zik'spunee beet [a sixpence]. Slang. To share
the spoil and grab the bit, Tom Crib's Memorial 11819) 37. [Can.
Only by great persuasion could we get one to take a bit (ten cents),
ROPER Track (1891) xiv.]
5. Followed by of: used affectionately or in depreciation
of anything small or of little value ; a small quantity. In
gen. colloq. use.
N.I.1 Bits of things, household furniture. Com. A bit of a thing
sittan' drivan' a mawin' machine and twee horses 'at never could
ha swung a scythe (M.P.) ; Oor bits o' bairns'll scraffle up,
ANDERSON Ballads (ed. 1808) 18. Wm.1 A bit ava runt [animal].
n.Yks.2 Van's bits o' better cleeas. e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Tha knows
we arn't bits o' childer, HARTLEY Tales, and S. 19 ; I've hiard 'at
he's worth a bit o' summat ( J.R.) ; They sell'd offther bits o' traps,
PRESTON Yksman. (1880) 85. Lan. A bit of a lad ! he'd lick thee
ony end up, WESTALL Birch Dene (1889) II. 33. Not.1 Lin.1 We'd
six little mouths ta fill, . . . 'twer a bit on a pill [pull]. Lei.1
Hence Bitty, adj. Of water : containing small particles
of decayed wood from the pump. Chs.1
6. A short time or distance. In gen. use.
Abd. 1 saw her ... A wee bit there ayont the height, SHIRREFS
Poems (1790) 287. Dmb. Best for me to get a bit oot o'his reach,
CROSS Disruption (1844) v. Uls. To put, or convoy you a bit, to
accompany (M.B.-S.). Ker. There will be no more troubles for a
bit, Flk-Lore Jrn. (1885) III. 258. Nhb. Thoo's been gean a gey
bit, CLARE Love of Lass (1890) I. 6 ; Nhb.1, Dur.1, Wm.1 e.Yks.1
Hoo far is it tl Pathrinton ?— Oh ! a good bit. A bit sin. w.Yks. Al'
gie thi' thi' beans in a bit, Prov. in Brighouse News (July 20, 1889) ;
Yo'd a social lay i' t'new schooil a bit sin, BYWATER ShewildAnn.
(1848) 22 ; w.Yks.1 Lan. He's deeud a bit sin, ALMOND Water-
cresses, 17 ; Lan.1 I'm coming in a bit. e.Lan.1 I will attend to the
matter in a bit. m.Lan.1 Oxf.1 A bit ago, MS. add. Brks.1 w.Som.1
I on'yyeard o' it a bit agone. Dev. They awnly layved tha ouze a
bit-ago, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892 ,. w.Cor. He went a bra' ("brave 1
bit ago (M.A.C. .
7. Place, position, station.
Sc. May I never stir frae the bit, SCOTT St. Ronan (1824) xvi ;
But you are in the bit at last, STEVENSON Catriona (18921 iv; Come
back to yerauld bit, SWAN Gates of Edett 'ed. 1895) ii ; He canna
stan' in a bit (JAM.). Per. It 'ill keep ye in the bit for an 'oor,
IAN MACLAREN Auld Lang Syne < 1895 ) 254. Dmb. Ye've grown
rich while I havena been gaun out o' the bit, CROSS Disruption
(1844) xviii. Gall. I thocht there was nae ill bits in London but
in the East-end, CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (1895) 172. Kcb. The deil
. . . took him awa to the ill bit, ARMSTRONG Ingleside (1890) 215.
Cum. Forth frae the bit they scry'd it furst, STAGG Misc. Poems
(1807) 41 ; J.P.1); Cum.1 He's gittan poorish and pinch't to hod
his bit.
8. In phr. (i) Bits and bats, see Bat, sb.1, (2) bits and bobs,
odds and ends ; (3) bit of blood, a horse, a thoroughbred ;
(4) oa on the top, to the full, with violence ; (5) to put the bit
of wood in the hole, to shut the door ; (6) on bit tack, work
done by the piece or by contract.
(i) w.Yks. Ah've sammed up a toathry oddments-bits an' bats
mi mother ud call em, Yks. Wkly Post (June 7, 1896). (2) War.2
Gather up your bits-and-bobs, and let me lay the tea. (3) Ir.
I had my bit of blood in the stable, BARRINGTON Sketches 1830)
1. vn. (4) w.Yks. Gen. used in threats. Ah'll gi' thee'twi' t'bit o'
Hop, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Oct. 10, 1891). (5) Yks. (T.K.) (6)
w.Yks. T clock wor on bit tack, an f watch never struck, Toddles'
Aim. (1875).
9 v. To mark a sheep by cutting a bit out of the ear.
Hence Bitted, ppl. adj. ear-marked.
Cnm. Every shepherd's flock hes some variety in ear-marking •
;ri '» DWevtaoe a.ffece out of ;t> we say !t is bitted, Comh. Mag.
(Oct. 1890) 387 ; The common term (J.A.).
BIT, sb* and v.2 Sc. Irel. Wm. Yks. Der. Lin. Shr.
e.An. Ken. Som. [bit.]
1. sb. The blade or working part of a metal tool or
instrument ; see also below.
N.I.1 The bit of a key is the part that is cut to pass the wards of
the lock. Wm.1 The blade of a joiner's plane. Der. A piece of
steel placed on the end of a borer, MAWE Mineral. (1802) Gl.
nXin.1 For one new bit for a key, $d., Louth Ch. Ace. 1644) 167.
Shr.1 Blade of an agricultural shovel ; Shr.2 Ken. In a cart-horse
harness and plough harness the whole of the headgear is collectively
known as the bit. It would not be so used in respect of riding
or driving horses (P.M.). Som. The lower end of a poker, W. & J.
Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 The tool used by tinmen and others for
soldering.
2. The conclusion, crisis ; ' point.'
Dmb. How did you find the money ?— That's the bit, man, that's
just the bit, CROSS Disruption (1844) xxviii. e.Lth. I aye said ye
wad turn upholds whan it cam to the bit, HUNTER/. Inwick (1895)
223. Ayr. The best wark-lume i' the house ... Is instant made no
worth a louse, Just at the bit, BURNS Address to Deil (1785). Lnk.
Sin' you hae brocht me to the bit . . . I will say — yes, WARDROP
Johnny Mathieson (1881) 13. N.I.1 Uls. If it comes to the bit I
must do it (M.B.-S.). Ant. If it comes tae the bit a can list, Bally-
mena Obs. (1892). w.Yks. WILLAN List Wds. (1811 . e.An.*Ay,
ay, that will be the bit.
3. v. To put a new end to a poker.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
[1. Penneton d'un clef, the bit or neb of a key, COTGR. ;
With the bit of his blade ... He clefe hym to be coler
Desl. Troy (c. 1400}.]
BIT, adj. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. [bit.]
1. Small ; freq. used as a term of endearment or of
contempt.
Sc. The bit prelatical sprig of divinity from the town yonder,
SCOTT St. Ronan ( 1824) ii ; I hope you are now settled in your ain
bit housie, RAMSAY Remin. (1859) 98 ; In a bit scrag of wood,
STEVENSON Catriona (1892) xi ; 'Bit 'is often intensified by the
addition of ' wee ' (A.W.). Bnff. This bit beastie, SMILES Natur.
(1879) II. 45. Abd. Yon bit lassie . . . can scarce help me wi' a job,
BEATTIES Parings (1813) 40. ed. 1873. Per. A bit lassie would bring
her book, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush (1895) 4. Ayr. Gie me a bit
drappie, GALT Legatees (1820) vi ; Some bit callan brings me news,
BURNS To Mr. J. Kennedy. Edb. Another argument for my bring-
ing out my bit book at the present time, MOIR Mansie Wauch
(1828)3. n-Ir- Snug in his ain bit pack, ALEXANDER Stumpies
Brae. Myo. The bit lake is there still, STOKER Snake's Pass (1891)
ii. N.Cy.1 A bit bairn. Nhb. Thou's keep a bit shop, MIDFORD
Poems (1818) 15 ; Nhb.1 Aa did what bit thing aa could for him.
Dur.1 Cum. What a wee bit thing it is (E.W.P.) ; Cum.1 Wm.
Sally an me help a bit whiles. Spec. Dial. (1877) pt. i. 36 ; (E.W.P.)
n.Yks. Gunpowder Plot t'bit bairns keep up, TWEDDELL Clevel.
Rhymes (1875; 5. m.Yks.1 T'bit bairns.
2. Short
Nhb. Yen neet he gat a bit waak, HALDANE Geordy's Last (1878)
9 ; Nhb.1 A bit twine.
BIT-BAT, sb. Lan. Chs. Shr. Also Cor. A bat,
vespertilio.
Lan. There was petty warfare being carried on by ' canary
buzzerts' and 'bit-bats,' BRIERLEY Irkdale (1868) iv ; [Near Man-
chester it was believed] that ' bit-bats ' were generated from eggs
being sat upon by toads whilst in the process of hatching, A', (f Q.
(1870) 4th S. v. 370. Chs.ia, s.Chs.1 Shr.1 Called also Billy-bat.
w.Cor. A bit-bat has just flied over our heads (MAC).
BITCH, sb.1 Sc. Nhb. Yks. Som. [bit/.]
1. A term applied, with no disrespectful meaning, to a
woman or female animal.
n.Yks. That lass ez a sOci bitch. That cu iz a mischevous Od
bitch, shas obs breckin thru t'hedge (W.H.).
2. A term of contempt applied to a man.
Sc. Ay, Davie, ye're a queer character, ... a queer bitch after a',
STEVENSON Catriona (1892) xi. Som. I can tell you, landlord is
a vast comical bitch, FIELDING Tom Jones (1749) Bk. xvn. iii ;
Allworthy is a queer b— ch (Squire Western log.), ib. Bk. vi. ii.
3. Comp. (i) Bitch-daughter, nightmare; (2) -fox, a
vixen ; (3) -nail, a holding-down nail for tram-plates, &c.,
having the point faced in the same line as the head, as
distinguished from the doe-nail or dog (q.v.) ; (4) -and-
pups, a mason's hammer, having one chisel inserted at
each end of its face.
BITCH
[277]
BITTERN
(i) w.Yks.1 We consate shoe's ridden by th' bitch-doughter, ii.
291. (2 w.Som.1 We always say dog-fox and bitch-fox. 13, 4)
Nhb.1
BITCH, v. and sb.2 Irel. Nhb. Chs. Not. [bit/.]
1. v. To spoil a piece of work.
Nhb.1 Ye've bitched the hyel job. Chs.1 ; Chs.3 He was that
stoopid he bitched the whole thing. Not. J.H.B.)
2. sb. Anything spoiled.
Ant. ;W.H.P.) Nhb.1 Ye've myed a bitch on't.
BITCH, sb.a Univ. Slang, [bit/.]
1. Tea.
Cmb. Make me some bitch directly. [Footnote. The word tea is
never used at Cambridge. It is always called bitch], Confessions
of a Cantab in Blackw. Mag. (1824) XVI. 575.
2. Comp. Bitch-party, tea-party.
O%f. The studious freshman goeth to a small bitch-party,
WHIBLEY Cap and Gown (1889) 176 (FARMER).
BITCH, see Beche.
BITCH-WELP, adv. Bdf. Headlong.
Bdf. To fall bity [bitch] welp, BATCHELOR Anal. Eng. Lang.
(1809) 125.
BITE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Stf. Lin.
Hmp. Wil. Som. Dev. Slang, [bait.]
1. A mouthful, a small portion of food.
Abd. For days, mayhap, without a single bite, OGG Willie Waly
(1873) 114. Lth. He ne'er took a meal but they baith gat a bite,
BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 36. Dur.1 Cum. Nor a bite iv owt to
eat, RICHARDSON Talk (1871; 43, ed. 1876; Cum.1 He got a bite,
and then to wark he went. Wm. Left t'kye i t'hoous naarly a
heeal dae wioot a bite a owt ta it. Spec. Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 6 ; Wm.1
Tom's left man wieoot a bite a bread i t'hoose. n.Yks.1 Bestow
a bite of bread iv a puir aud chap. w.Yks.1 niin.1 I've nobbut
hed just a bite o' bread an' chease. s.Hmp. You'll have time to
take yer bite wi' us, child, VERNEY L. Lisle (1870) x. Dev. Not
a bite will I eat, BARING-GOULD Spider (1887) vii.
2. In phr. bite and sup, food and drink, a slight repast.
Sc. The puir creatures that had bite and soup at the castle,
SCOTT Bride of Lam. (.1819) xxiv. Gall. He is gone to the kitchen
for a bite-and-sup, CROCKETT Moss-Hags (1895) xxvii. Nhb. We'll
tak' bite and sup thegither, CLARE Love of Lass (1890) I. 3. Cum.
He had noather bite nor sup in the house, CAINE Hagar (1887) I.
277. n.Yks.1 Ah hev'n't had nowther sup nor bite sen moorn ;
n.Yks.2, e.Yks.1 Lan. It'll be a bite and a sup for th' little "uns,
WESTALL Birch Dene (1889) III. 34. Stf.1 n.Lin.1 I hev'nt hed
aather bite or sup e' my husband's hoose for a twel'munth,
3. Pasturage, a good growth of grass.
e.Lin. A rare bit For a bullock (G.G.W.;. n.Wil. The natural
tendency of these improvements is to get a good bite of grass in
the spring, MARSHALL Review (1818) II. 489. w.Som.1 Dhur-ul
zeo-n bee u geod buyt u graas een dhu guurt mee'ud [there will
soon be a good bite of grass in the great meadow]. nw-Dev.1
4. Fig. A hoax, disappointment, cheat ; a sharper,
swindler.
Abd. few but thought that she wad get the bite, SHIRREFS Poems
(1790) 103. n.Yks.2 Slang. Is this wench an idiot, or a bite?
FIELDING Miss Lucy (,1742) III. 434, ed. 1784. Cant. Life B. M.
Carew (1791) Gl.
5. Applied specifically to a Yorkshireman.
Dur. A Yorkshire bite is a common saying to caution any one
who is about to engage in transactions immediately south of the
Tees, Flk-Lore Rec. (1878) 174. Cum. Yorkshire beytesand Scotch
fwoak, STAGG Misc. Poems (1805; 135, ed. 1807. Yks. He's a
Yorkshire bite or I'm blowed, FETHERSTON Farmer, 23. w.Yks.
T'lad at Leeds cuddant be called a Yorkshire bite when he put all
t'penny rowl into hiz maath at wunce, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Baimsla
Ann. (1868) 26.
BITE, v. Irel. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Not. Lin. War.
Ess. Sus. Slang, [bait]
1. To take food ; also in phr. bite and sup, to take food
and drink.
Wm. Yan mud a thowt et thae hedn't bitten fer a month, Spec.
Dial. ( 1868) 8 ; Wm.1 Yks. After the common salutation, the
question ' Will you bite ? ' or ' Will you sup ? ' is sure to follow,
Flk-Lore Rec. (1878 i 175. n-Yks.1 Ah've niwer sae mich as bitten
sen yestreen. n.Lin.1 I ha'nt bitten a moothful sin' bra'fast. Heigh,
bud th' little taaties will bite and sup efter this [rain]. Ess. Stop
and bite with me, BARING-GOULD Mehalah (1885) 53.
2. To smart, to tingle, to sting.
w.Yks. iJ.T.;, ne.Lan.1 Sus.1 Always used of bees ^s.v. Spear).
Hence Biting-stick, sb. a very hot description of sugar-
stick. N.I.1
3. Fig. To vex, annoy.
Lin. Male habet virum: It grieveth him, it biteth him, BERNARD
Terence (1629) 40. n.Lin.1 He can't tell what end's cum'd to her,
it's that as bites him.
4. Of a sharp instrument : to cut, make an impression
on a hard substance. In gen. use.
n.Yks.1 Chs.1 It winna bite ; Chs.3
5. To hold fast ; to adhere by friction.
n.Yks. (I.W.); n-Yks.1, w.Yks. (J.T.) Not.1 This screw is so
wore it won't bite. n.Lin.1
6. To cheat, swindle ; to deceive.
w.Yks. He'd bit a girt monny, but nivver bin bit, DIXON Sngs.
Eng. Peas. (1846) 209, ed. 1857. Lan. That joiner bit me gradely
wi' them doors, DOHERTY TV. Barlow (1884) 20. War.3 I bote
[bought] it at the fair, but I wor clane bit. Cant. (P.R.) ; FARMER.
BITING-ON, sb. Yks. Lan. Der. [bai'tin-on.] Light
refreshment taken between meals, lunch.
w.Yks. He wor takken varry wamley for want ov a bit ov a
bitin' on, HARTLEY Dili. (1868) 104 ; Leeds Merc. Suppl. ^Oct. 10,
1891) ; w.Yks.2 Lan.1 I was to ask if ye would have some bread
an" cheese for a bitin'-on . . . till t'goose is ready. WAUGH Jannock
(1875) ii. e.Lan.1, m.Lan.', nw.Der.1
BITLACKS, sb. pi. Obsol. Sh.I. The teeth.
ShJ. ',K.I.) S. & Ork.1
BITLOCKS, sb. pi. Obsol. or obs. Yks. Tongs. n.Yks.
(I.W.)
BITSEN, adj. Som. Used with adj. little.
w.Som.1 Dhai bee uun-ee lee-dl beet-seen dhingz.
[Little-bitsen is the adj. form of little bits. So a little-
bitsen thing is one likened to a portion of an article smashed
to atoms. The suff. isthe same as in wooden, leaden, glassen,
tinnen (F.T.E.).]
BITTAS, sb. Yks. The mark to be toed, the starting
point in leaping or playing. Also called Bittock.
w.Yks. (J.R.; ; Common (M.F. .
BITTEN, adj. Sur. Sus. [bi tan.] Inclined to bite.
Sur.1 Sus. They be wonderful bitten things, stoats, Gent. Mag.
^May, 1890) 469; Sus.1 Mind that dog, he's terrible bitten.
[They (greyhounds) are of all dogs the sorest bitten,
and least amased with any crueltie in their enemie,
MARKHAM Countrey Farme (1616) 674.]
BITTEN, phr., lit. bit an. Yks. A kind of.
w.Yks. Ya get invited lull a bitten [ov] a spree, HARTLEY Clock
Aim. (1874) 5 ; (J.W.)
BITTER, adj. and adv. Wm. Yks. e.An. Cor. [bi'tsr,
bi'ta(r).]
1. adj. Spiteful.
n.Yks. He was as bitter as a hagworm [viper] J.W.).
2. Fig. Great, excessive. Cf. brave, cruel.
Cor. She's in bitter pain (M.A.C.) ; Cor.1 I said there would be
a bitter noise [scolding] when Missus know'd you'd brok [broken]
un [it] (s.v. Noise).
3. adv. Very, exceedingly.
Wm. Lonsdale Mag. (1821) II. 446 ; She was dressed up in her
bitter best, BRIGGS Remains (1825) 182. Cor. I gov" it to 'un
bitter [scolded him severely] (M.A.C.j ; Cor.1 He's bitter cross this
morning. A bitter wet day ; Cor.3 Only in a bad sense.
Hence Bitterly, adv. excessively. Cf. sweetly.
11. y ks. He treeap'd me doon bitterly at it was a lee ;T.S.). e-An.1 ;
e.An.2 It rains bitterly.
[1. He sauce her with bitter words, SHAKS. As You, in.
v. 69. 3. 'Tis bitter cold, And I am sick at heart, ib.
Hamlet, i. i. 7 ; (A servant says) My Lady's bitter young
and gamesome, GIBBER Doub. Gallant (1721) i. Sp. 63
(N.E.D.).]
BITTER BANK, sb. Sc. The sand martin, Cotile
riparia. Also called Bitterie.
Rxb. SWAINSON Birds (1885; 57.
BITTERBUMP, see Butterbump.
BITTERMENT, sb. Cum. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] Bitterness.
Cum. He's free frae aw this bitterment and scworn, RELPH
Poems U798) 6-
BITTERN, sb. Cor.2 MS. add. The drammgs from
pilchards which have been recently bulked.
BITTERSGALL
[278]
BLAADIT
BITTERSGALL, sb. Dev. The crab apple, Pyrus
tnalus.
Dev. [Of a silly person:] He was born where th' bittersgalls cla
grow, and one o'm vall'd upon his head and made a zaate [soft]
place there, PULMAN Sketches (1842) 79, ed. 1871 ; Obsol. (R.P.C.)
[Repr. bitter as gall.]
BITTERSWEET, sb. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lin. Nhp. War.
Brks. Hmp. Dor. Som. Dev.
1. In plant-names: (i) Spiraea ulntaria, meadow-sweet;
(a) Solanum dulcamara, woody nightshade ; (3) bitter
apples, gen. used for cider.
(i) e.Yks.1 (a) Nhb.1 Called also Puzzen Barry. Cum. Nhp.2,
n.Liii.1 Som. A gurt braanch o' bitter-zweet, LEITH Lemon Verbena
(1895) 100. (3) e.Yks.1, w.Yks.2 War. WISE Shakespere (1861)
97. Ken. (P.M.) Hmp. (J.R.W.) ; Hmp.1 Dor. A good crop of
bitter-sweets, HARDY Woodlanders (1887) vi. w.Som.1, nw.Dev.1
2. A spiteful thing done under pretence of friendliness.
Brks.1
BITTER- WEED, sb. Dev. Cor. A bad-tempered,
unruly, mischievous person.
Dev.3 'Er's a bitter-weed ef ivver there wuz wan. Cor.2
BITTEWREN, sb. Nrf. The bittern, Botaurus stel-
laris.
Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) 43.
BITTING-YARN, sb. Som. A small quantity of yarn
which a weaver uses to ' bit' or piece any broken threads
of the warp.
w.Som.1 If a thread breaks, it is too short to tie ; the weaver
must then insert a short length with two knots ; these short ends
he keeps ready, and calls bitting-yarn fbeefeen yaarn],
BITTISH, adj. Hmp. Wil. [bi'tij.] In advb. phr. a
bittish, somewhat, rather.
Hmp.1 A bittish wet. Wil.1 'Twer a bittish cowld isterday.
[Bit (adj.), q.v. + -is/i, as in coldish (rather cold).]
BITTLE, sb. Sus. [bi'tl.]
1. A wooden milk-bowl. See Bittlin.
Sus. (M.B.-S.) ; Sus.1
2. Comp. Bittle-battle, the game of stoolball.
Sus.1 There is a tradition that this game was originally played
by the milk-maids with their milking-stools, which they used for
bats; but this word makes it more probable that the stool was the
wicket, and that it was defended with the bittle ; which would be
called the bittle-baL
| A der. w. suff. -el from OE. bytt, a leathern bottle ; cp.
ON. bytta, a pail ; Bremen butt (butte), a water-bucket
(Wtbch.) ; MHG. butte, a cask (LEXER).]
BITTLE, v. Dev. [bi'tl.] Of a bulbous or tuberous
vegetable : to increase in size, to swell out.
Dev. They [onions] won't bittle unless you thin them out,
Reports Provinc. (1884) 13 ; Said of onions, w.Times (Mar. 5,
1886) 2, col. 3. n.Dev. It is applied only to such vegetables as
turnips, mangels, and onions ; not to potatoes, parsnips, or carrots
(R.P.C.).
BITTLE, see Beetle.
BITTLIN, sb.1 Chs. Der. [bi'tlin.] A milk-pail or
bowl. See Bittle, sb.
Chs.13 Der. 'I am very wheamow' [nimble], quoth the old
woman, when she stepped into the middle of the bittlin, GROSE
(1790) (s. v. Wheamow) ; Der.2, nw.Der.1
BITTLIN, sb.2 Der.2 A running from a calf-house.
BITTOCK, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Also War. (?) [bi'tak.]
A small portion, a little bit.
Sc. The ' three mile ' diminished into ' like a mile and a bittock,'
SCOTT Guy M. (1815) i ; Ha'e you ony mair o't [a song]? — A wee
bittock, Glenfergus (1830) II. 160 (JAM.). Lnk. The field, a denty
bittock frae the hoose, ERASER Whaups (1895) xiii. e.Lth. We'd
gaen mebbe anither mile an' a bittock, HUNTER J. Inwick (1895)
41- Gall. A service of two hours and a bittock, CROCKETT Bog-
Myrtle (1895) 190. Nhb.1 This end was just twa inches o're. And
that was sax and bittock more, STUART Joco-Ser. Disc. (1688) 60.
Cum.1 Twea meyl an' a bittock. s.War.1
[Bit, sb.1 + -ock, dim. suff.]
BITTOR, sb. Chs. e.An. Also written bitour Nrf. ;
bittore e.An.1 [bi'ta(r).] The bittern, Botaurus stel-
laris.
Chs.1 ; Chs.8 Obs. e.An.1 Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf.
(1893) 51.
[A bittour, ardea stellaris, COLES (1679) ; As a bitore
bombleth in the myre, CHAUCER C. T. D. 972. OFr. bit/or,
bustor, a bittern (HATZFELD).]
BITY-TONGUE, sb. Cum. The plant Pofygonum
hydropiper, water pepper.
BIURG, sb. S. & Ork.1 A steep hill.
[Da. bjerg, ON. bjarg (FRITZNER).]
BIV, prep. Nhb. Yks. Also written byv ne.Yks.1
[biv.] By ; used before a vowel or at the end of a
sentence.
Nhb. The props is tumblin one 'biv one, OLIVER Local Sngs.
(1824) 8; Ivury yen hes a swurd biv his theegh, ROBSON Sng.
Sol. (1859) iii. 8; Nhb.1 He steud bi the horse and held him bi the
heed, and he saa his fyece biv a lamp. n.Yks. Sheea was gahin'
alang biv herseP, TWEDDELL Clevel. Rhymes (1875) 13; n,Yks.2
Nut biv yaw hawf. ne.Yks.1 Nut byv o lang waay. e.Yks. Ah
ken it bivee-seet, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 94 ; e.Yks.1 m.Yks.1
Thou's going to get called over t'rolls [called to account], — Who
biv?
[By with v added bef. vowel to fill up hiatus.]
BIVE LAMB, phr. Ken. Sus. [Not known to our
correspondents.] A twin lamb.
Ken., Sus. N. & Q. (1850) ist S. i. 474.
[Bive lambes at xvid the pece, Inventory (taken in Kent),
27 Hen. VIII, Michael"' (1537) in N. &- Q. (1850) ist S.
'• 93-1
BIZE, sb. Yks. [baiz.] A mark made on the ground
from which all competitors in a game start.
w.Yks. Put thi toa to t'bize, nut thi heel. Common in Wils-
den, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Oct. 10, 1891).
BIZNING, see Beestings.
BIZON, see Bysen.
BIZZ, v. and sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Also written
bisse (JAM.), [biz.]
1. v. To buzz ; to fuss about or move with a disturb-
ing noise.
Sc. Here is all the town bizzing with a fine piece of work,
STEVENSON Catrioita (i89a)xviii; His soul wi' real gude doth bizz,
ALLAN /,</&( 1 874) 63. Kcd. Some . . . bade them aye again sit down,
And nae about be bizzin', JAMIE Muse (1844) 75. Rnf. May
Plenty's bees still thither bizz wi' hinny store, YOUNG Pictures
1,18651 135. Lth. Thy squibs and pluffs . . . bizzin' amang lassies'
ruffs, BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 67. N.I.1, N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 What's
the feyul bizzin aboot there for I Cum.1
Hence Bizzer, sb. a toy made of a circular piece of
metal, with two holes near the centre, through which
a double cord is passed, which when pulled makes
a buzzing noise. Nhb.1
2. sb. A buzz, a bustle.
Sc. The bizz o' the Schule, DONALD Poems (1867,62. Ayr. That
day, when in a bizz, ... Ye did present your smoutie phiz, BURNS
Address to Deil (1785) st. 17. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.)
3. In phr. (i) to play bizz till, to be insufficient; (2) to
play or cry bizz off, to rebound ; (3) to take the bizz, said
of cattle, when they run hither and thither; also vseAfig.
(i) Bnff.1 Ha'e ye aneuch o' thaick t'thaick yir ruck?— It wmna
play bizz till't. (2) it. He gart the stehns cry bizz aff o' the coo's
rumple. 13) Lth. (JAM.) e.Lth. Somethin bein said that gart
them a' tak the bizz thegither, HUNTER J. Inwick (1895) 123.
BIZZAM, see Besom.
BIZZEL, sb. Rxb. (JAM.) A hoop or ring round the
end of any tube.
[The same as lit. E. bezel (mod. Fr. biseau). Bezell,
that part of a ring in which the stone is fixed, ASH
BIZZIE, sb. S. & Ork.I. Litter for cattle; also in
contp. bizzi-fla.
Sh.1. (Coll. L.L.B.) Or.I. (JAM. Suppl.) S. & Ork.1
[Prob. conn. w. Norw. dial, bysja, to strew the floor
with straw, leaves, or the like ; bus, litter (AASEN).]
BIZZUM, v. Der. [bi'zam.] To soak a leaky vessel
in water.
Der.2, nw.Der.1
BIZZUM, see Besom.
BLAA, see Blae.
BLAAD, see Blaud.
BLAADIT,/*/. ad). Sc. Weakly.
Bnff. He's a puir blaadit bairn (W.G.)
BLAAGIT
[279l
BLACK
BLAAGIT, pp. S. & Ork.1 Dead.
BLAAGIT, ppl. adj. Sh.I. Spotted.
Sh.I. The ground has a blaagit look when covered partially with
snow, so that the earth shows through. A blaagit sheep is a
white sheep with black patches (K.I.).
[Cp. Norw. dial, blaga (blaagaa), to gleam, to flash.]
BLAAT, see Blart
BLAAYRE, see Blare.
BLAB, v.1 and sb.1 In gen. dial, use in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Also written blob e.Lan.1 s.Chs.1 Stf.2 War.
w.Wor.1 Shr.1 Glo.1 Sur.1 Sus.1 [blab, blseb.]
1. v. To chatter, to gossip ; to reveal secrets.
Sc. ! JAM.') Lnk. He thocht if he was fa'n' 'Twad blab an1 tell't,
THOMSON Musings (1881) 119. Nhb.1 Wm. He blabbed it o' oot
i' t'middlc o't'church, Spec. Dial. (1880) pt. ii. 33. Yks. Thou
blabbed out all the business before anybody could speak, PEEL
Luddites (1870) 83. w.Yks. I'm ower anxious to spoil t'game wi
blabbing, DIXON Craven Dales (1881) 345; A chap "ud as sooin
think o' tellin hah mich brass he hed i' t'benk as blab t'password,
Yks. Wkly. Post (Aug. i, 1896.) e.Lan.1 s.Lan. BAMFORD Dial.
(1850). Chs.1 Dunna blab so. s.Chs.1, Stf.1 Not.1 ; Not.2 Be sure
and don't blab. n.Lin.1, War.2 Shr.1 I'll tell yo' a saicrit, if yo'n
mind nod to blob. Brks.1 Bck. Ee wor allus one to blab, ee wor,
WARD Manella (1894) 229. Ess. Gl. (1851). Wil. SLOW Gl.
(1892). Dor. She'll blab your most secret plans, HARDY Tower (ed.
1895) 142. Slang. Unless you mean as little harm ... as you do
when you blab, DICKENS O. Twist (1850) xiii.
Hence Blabbing, (a) ppl. adj., (b) vbl. sb. chattering,
telling a secret.
(ol Nhb. Hout, hinny, had thy blabbin' jaw, WILSON Pitman's Pay
(1843) 12. (6) Cum. They fand that oot seunn eneuff hooiver adoot
me blabben, SARGISSON J. Scoap ( 1881) 175.
2. sb. A gossip, a tell-tale.
N.I.' Stf.2 Dunna tell Mm thi secrets, 'e's a reg'lar awd blob.
nXln.1, Suf.(F.H.) [He that is a blab is a scab, RAY Prov. (1678)
1 02.]
3. Silly talk, idle chatter.
s.Chs.1 Uwd yur blaab [howd yer blab]. w.Yks. Yung lasstis
tluthered raand him oft Ta hear his mealy blab, PRESTON Poems
(1864) 10. Nhp.1, War. (J.R.W.) Som. SWEETMAN Wincanton
Gl. (1885).
4. Comp. (i) Blab-chops, see -mouth; (2) -mouth,
a talkative person, a gossip ; (3) -mouthed, talkative ; (4)
•tit, (5) -tongue, a tell-tale; (6) -tongued, unable to keep
a secret.
(i) L;ui. He's a regular blob-chops ; if you tell him owt yo met
as weel tell th' bellman (S.W.). War.2 (2)Wm. (B.K.) w.Yks.
Go on, tha big blab-mouth, tha can't keep owt (S.O.A.). s.Lan.
BAMFORD Dial. (1850). (3) War.2, w.Wor.1, Glo.1 (4) Ken. (P.M.),
Sur.1 Sus. Ya needn't be no blobtit ef ya ses dat, JACKSON
Southward Ho (1894) I. 432 ; Sus.1 (5) Chs.1 Better tell th1
bellman then that blab-tongue. s.Chs.1, Sus.1 (6) s.Chs.1
[1. Blab, garrire, effulire, SKINNER (1671). 2. A wonder-
clout, blabbe, garruius, linguax, LEVINS Manip. (1570).]
BLAB, v? and sb? Sc. Cum. Wm. Yks. Written
bleb QAM.) Wm. & Cum.1 [blab, bleb.]
1. v. To drink much and frequently ; to tipple. See
Blabber, v.2
n.Sc. He's ay blebbin' (JAM.V Bnff.1 Abd. Faur was Patie a*
the time 't ye was blebbin an' drinkin' ? ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb
(1871) xx. Wm. & Cum.1 An' docker blebb'd for life an' pluck, 207.
Hence (i) Blabban, vbl. sb. the act of drinking to
excess ; (2) Blabber, sb. a tippler.
(i) Bnff.1 (a) nuSc. (JAM.)
2. To pour out suddenly ; to spurt out.
Wm. T'milk blabbed oot when I pot t'can lid on (B.K.). w.Yks.
Shoo blabbed all t'rum i' t'kettle (JE.B.).
3. To make a gurgling noise with the lips in drinking
or in taking liquid food ; to slobber.
Sc. Ye' re blebbin' yoursel a' wi' your porridge (JAM.). Bnff.1
Hence Blabban, vbl. sb. the act of drinking or taking
semi-liquid food with a gurgling noise.
Bnff.1 That bairn hands a naistie blabban an' suppan o'ts milk
an' bread.
4. sb. A gurgling noise made with the lips in drinking
or taking liquid food. Bnff.1
5. sb. A large quantity of strong drink.
Bnff.1 He geed t' the rotip t'get a blab o' drink.
BLAB, see Blob.
BLABBER, v.1 and sb.1 Irel. Nhb. Chs. Stf. Shr. e.An.
Also written blobber Stf.2 Shr.1
1. v. To talk much, to chatter. Cf. blab, v.1
s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890). Nhb.1 He'll blabber an taak aall
neet, if ye'll oney lissen tiv him. Chs. (E.M.G.), e.An.1
Hence Blobber-chops, a tell-tale. Stf.2
2. To cry, blubber. Nhb.1
3. Idle talk, chatter.
Shr.1 Oud yore blobber. Suf.1
[1. Blaberyn, or speke wythe-owte resone, blafero,
Prompt. ; And so I blaberde on my beodes, P. Plowman,
(A.) v. 8.]
BLABBER, v? and si.2 Bnff.1 Also written blebber.
[bla-bar, ble'bar.]
1. v. (a) To tope, to drink largely, (b) To make a
gurgling noise with the lips in drinking or taking semi-
liquid food. See Blab, f.2
Hence (i) Blabberan, vbl. sb. the act of making a gurg-
ling noise with the lips in drinking or taking semi-
liquid food ; (2) Blabbering, ppl. adj. having the habit of
making a gurgling noise in drinking or taking semi-liquid
food.
2. sb. A gurgling noise made with the lips in drinking
or taking semi-liquid food.
3. A quantity of strong liquor.
BLACK, sb.1 Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin. Dev. [blak,
blak.]
1. Dark discolouring stain ; dirt.
Nhb. Aw ha'e wesht baith maw feet frae the black, ROBSON
Evangeline (1870) Introd. Yks. He weant pairt wi' t'black afore
his finger-nails, Prov. in Brighouse News (Sept. 14, 1889).
2. Smut in wheat or beans. Also in pi.
w.&s.Sc. Often called 'blccks amang wheat' (JAM. Suppl.). Dev.
The black in wheat, Annals Agric. (1784-1815) XIX. 261 ; XXIII.
374*
3. In pi. A disease in fowls, causing the comb, &c. to
turn black. Also called Black-uns.
e.Lan.1, Chs.1
4. Mourning clothes ; usually in pi.
Frf. Hendry was . . . taking^offhis blacks, BARRIK Thrums (1889)
59. Per. They wore their blacks at a funeral, IAN MACI.AREN
Brier Rush (1895) 239. Lan. We'd buried our missus, an' getten
Ruth's blacks, FRANCIS Daughter of Soil (1895) 73. n.Lin.1
5. Fig. A scoundrel.
n.Sc. He's as big a blaick as ever set croon t' the lift (W.G.).
w. & s.Sc. {]AM.Suppl.)
[4. He who wears blacks, and mournes not for the
dead, Do's but deride the party buried, HERRICK Hesperides
(1648) 379. 6. Whereas several ill-designing and dis-
orderly persons have of late associated themselves under
the name of Blacks, Act 9 Geo. I (1722) xxii (N.E.D.).]
BLACK, v. and sb.2 Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Lin.
Wor. [blak.]
1. To grow black.
Bnff.1 Fin [when] the sheep begin to black and brook, Ye may
tack in the cot at ilky nook (s.v. Gair).
2. Fig. To scold, abuse ; to defame.
Yks. Black lawyer to his faace, FETHERSTON Goorkrodger (1870)
na. w.Yks. Betty begins to black Dolly, BYWATER Gossips, 20.
Lan. Tha needn't look so shy. Aw am no blackin" thee, LAYCOCK
Sngs. (1866) 26. ne.Lan.1, nXln.1
Hence (i) Black-back, sb. a backbiter ; (2) Blacking,
vbl. sb. a scolding, abuse.
(i) Nhb. (R.O.H.) (2) Cum. If ennyboddy spak, Wat gev
them a blackin', FARRALL B««y IVilson (1886) 44. n.Yks. A place
where talking scandal is kailin and blackin', FETHERSTON Smuggins
Fam. 3. w.Yks. Noa woman sal be a member a this club at caant
gie onny boddy a good blackin, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann.
(1873) 55. Lan. (S.W.)
3. sb. A reviler ; reviling.
s.Wor. A be a proper black. 'Egiv mah a lot ov 'is black (H.K.).
BLACK, adj. and adv. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Also Slang.
I. 1. adj. Of dark or grimy complexion. Also in contp.
•favoured.
Sc. Ye're a jimpy black body : no like the Nesbit lads, who ha'e
BLACK
[280]
BLACK-
aye been stoot and fair, SWAN Aldersyde (ed. 1895) ii ; Ilk midden
mavis, wee black jaudy, A' dread an' fear ye, BALLANTINE Gaber-
lunzie (1874) Raggit Laddie. Ayr. He up the lang loan to my
black cousin Bess, BURNS Last May a Draw Wooer. Ir. ' Who is
this coming down towards! us?' said the black-favoured man,
CARLETON Traits Peas. (1843} I. 25.
2. In mining : any dark-coloured stratum. Nhb.1
3. Fig. Of wind or weather : foul, overcast.
Slk. (JAM.) n.Lin. Black wind, a piercing wind when the sky
is overcast (M.P.); n.Lin.1 Is it goin' to raain? — Noa. I think it's
nobbut a black wind cumin' on.
4. Sad, melancholy ; unlucky, malignant, wicked.
Sc. I shall wish them in the brown pigg again, for fear we get a
black cast [ill turn] about them, SCOTT Midlothian (1818) xlviii.
Ayr. I hae heard black news, GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822) xcix.
w.Ir. 'Tis hard for a girl to have to marry ... a black stranger out of
nowhere, LAWLESS Crania (1892) I. 212. Myo. Ye wouldn't do
the black thrick, STOKER Snake's Pass (1891) vii. Win. He wor
allus talkin' his black talk tul her. He's blackest-moothed man
'at iver oppen'd a mooth (B.K.). Chs.2 A common epithet for
poison. Nant. A ship may be unlucky ... if she were launched on
a ' black day,' Flk-Lore Rec. (1878) I. 349.
5. Used as an intensive : extreme, ' dead.'
Sh.I. I" da black-calm, and gowlden her O trimlin licht, BURGESS
Rasmie (1892) 56. Ir. ' A black knot ' is one exceedingly hard and
inextricable. A black Protestant (A.S.P.).
8. adv. In phr. to talk black, to use foul language. w.Yks.3
7. Used with intensive force : exceedingly, entirely,
thoroughly.
Sc. I'll maybe find the fire black out, WHITEHEAD Daft Davie
(1876) 149, ed. 1894. Rnf. His mitheran'me put tae black-burnin'
shame, NEILSON Poems (1877) 48. [In common use (A. W.) ] Lnk.
'Tis a scandal and a black burning shame, RAMSAY Poems (ed
1800) I. 285 (JAM.). Gall. I was black angry at the senseless and
causeless cruelty, CROCKETT Raiders (1893) i. Ir. The tide is black
out. I am black out [offended] with you (A.S.P.). N.I.1 The fire's
black out. n.Yks. Of eggs that have been long sat upon and are
near hatching : Ah brack t'eggs, an' they were black sitten (I. W.).
w.Yks.5 It's warse i' my waay o' thinking to be black fat, 7. e.Lin.
She was, as you may say, black fat (G.G.W.).
II. 1. In comb, (i) Black army, a swarm of fleas ; (2)
•arr, a stain on the character; hence -arr'd, sullied,
stained ; see Arr ; (3) -ball, a sweetmeat made of treacle
and sugar ; (4) — bass, a measure of coal lying upon the
flatstone ; (5) - - bess, (6) — bitch, a gun ; see also
below; (7) — boggle, — bogy, — boo, a nursery bogy;
(8) -bonnet, an elder of the church ; (9) -botham, an
inferior iron ore ; (10) -burnt, of corn : affected with
burnt-ear; (n) -cake, wedding cake ; (12) -cap pudding,
batter pudding with currants on the top ; (13) -cloth job,
an easy task, 'gentleman's work'; (14) -coat, a minister
of religion ; (15) — crap, (a) a crop of peas or beans ; (b)
a crop which is always green ; (16) — craws, dried mucus
nasi; (17) -damp, fire-damp, carbonic acid gas; (18)
— death, typhus or typhoid fever ; also called — fever ;
(19) — diamonds, coals ; (20) — dish, pig's blood boiled
with onions ; (21) — dog, (a) a gun ; cf. — bitch ; (b) Jig.
a fit of bad temper ; (22) — earth, mould ; a kind of earth
used as a dye ; (23) -eyed Susan, a roly-poly pudding
made with currants ; (24) — frost, a hard frost without
snow or rime ; (25) — George, a poacher, ' rough ' ; (26)
— gob, a term of contempt ; (27) — grouan, black soil
mixed with granite sand ; (28) -hole, prison, a police-
cell ; (29) — hover, light black mould ; (30) -iron, malle-
able iron ; (31) — land, see Maam ; (32) -leg, a disease
in animals ; (33) -higgle, a small wooden vessel made of
staves, one of which projects as a handle ; (34) — lumps,
a sweetmeat flavoured with cloves ; (35) — Maria,
a prison van ; (36) — meat, cured bacon or ham ; (37)
— mill, a water mill with one wheel ; (38) -muck, the
ashes and cleanings of streets ; (39) -mullock, peat turf;
(40) — Parr, an imaginary monster ; cf. — man ; (41)
— Peter, a portmanteau ; (42) — pole, a length of un-
wrought timber ; (43) -pot, a sausage made of fat and
blood ; (44) -quarter, a disease of cattle, in which the
flank becomes discoloured ; (45) — ram, bog manganese
ore ; (46) — rock, rock-salt containing a large proportion
of clay ; (47) -row grains, the parting of the iron stone ;
(48) — Sam, the devil ; (49) -sap, an advanced state of
jaundice; (50) — saxpence, (51) -sick, see below; (52)
-spaul, a kind of pleurisy in cattle, esp. calves ; (53) -spool,
a bottle of porter; (54) —squire, a clerical squire; (55)
-stane, see below ; (56) -stick, furze partially charred and
afterwards cut for fuel ; (57) — stone, see below ; (58)
•strap, an inferior wine ; a mixture of treacle and gin ;
(59) — sugar, liquorice ; (60) -tan, a good-for-nothing
person or thing ; (61) ~tin, tin ore ready for smelting;
(62) -water, (a) a disease in cattle ; (b) bile on the
stomach ; (63) — wet, rain as distinguished from snow ;
(64) — wine, port wine ; (65) — work, undertakers'
work. See also Black-avised, -bole, -cap, -head, -leg,
— man, -pudding.
(i)Dev. The black army. . . comes down Ex'ter 'ill in zwarms'pon
tha fust ov March, alwes. (2) n.Yks.2 (3) Der. N. & Q. ( 1877)
5th S. viii. 481. Nhp.1 Lon. MAYHEwio«rf. Labour(i8$i) I. 203.
14) Shr.2 (5) w.Som.1 (6) s.Sc. Black bitch, a bag clandestinely
attached to the lower part of the mill-spout, that meal might be
abstracted as it came down into the trough. [He] said to the
miller, ' I hope you'll no keep a black bitch ' (JAM. ). w.Yks.1 (7)
Lth. Dinna fricht your laddie wi' the ' black boo ' man, BALLANTINE
Poems (1856) 146. n.Yks.2 Chs.1 If tha does na leave off skrikin,
111 fetch a black bogy to the. (8) Ayr. A greedy glowr black-
bonnet, BURNS Holy Fair (1785) ; Rarely heard now (J.F.). (9)
Stf.1 (jol Hmp. LISLE Husbandry (1757) 151. (n) Cor.1 (la)
e.Yks.1 (13) Cor." (14) n-Lln.1 (15,0) Sc. (JAM.) (b) Edb. (lA.)
(16) n.Lin.1 (17) Nhb.1 (18) n.Lin.1 (19) Nhb.1 The bonny black
diamonds gaun down i' the keels, To warm a' the starved bodies
i' Lunnen, WILSON Stanzas (1825). w.Yks. (J.T.) (20) e.Lan.'
(21,0) w.Som.1 To let go the black dog at, is to shoot at. Ee
wid-n staa'p, zoa aay puut dhu blaak duug aa'dr-n [he would not
stop, so I put the black dog after him], (b) Cum. Children are
freq. admonished to ' beware of the black dog,' or to ' send
the black dog off their back' (E.W.P.). Cum.1 n.Lin.1 He's
gotten th' black dog on his back. sw.Lin.1 Nhp.1 Stroke the
black dog down. War.3, Wor. (J.W.P.) (as) S. & Ork^.e-Lan.1
(23^ Sus. GROSE (1790); (W.D.P.) ; Sus.1 (24) Sc. (JAM.) Ir.
(A.S.P.) Cum., Wm. (M.P.) w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.1, Chs.1,
Not.1 n.Lin. I fun' it starv'd wi cohd won black-frost time (M.P.).
swXin.1 Opposed to a white frost, or Rag-rime. It clapped in a
real black frost. Let1, Nhp.1, War.8, Brks.1, Hnt (T.P.F.),
w.Som.1 (25) WU. These fellows were a ' Black George' lot, in
hamlet language, JEFFERIES Hdgrow. (1889) 178. (26) Nhb.1 Obs.
In the books of the Bricklayers' Comp. of Newc., entry of July 29,
1812, reads : 'Thomas Hewson complains against Joseph Galloway
for calling him Black Gob.' The reference may be to one wearing a
moustache. (27) Cor.2 MS. add. (28) Dmb. Naething but law
and vengeance, black-hole and fining without stint or measure,
CROSS Disruption (1844) vi. n.Yks. He wad'nt a gitten into
t'Blackhooal if he'd behav'd hissell (W.H.). (29) e.Ken. BOYS
Agric. (1794)34. (30) Sc. QAM.) (32) Slk. Some hateful Galloway
stott that had died of the blackleg, Perils of Man, II. 348 (JAM.).
(33) n.Cy. Black luggie, lammer-bead, Put the witches to their
speed, Flk-rhymt, Denham Tracts (ed. 1895) II. 82. (34) N.I.1
(35) Slang. FARMER. (36) e.An. In common use (F.H.) ; e.An.'
(37) Arg. There is but one wheel, and it lying horizontally in the
perpendicular, under the millstone, Kilninian Stat. Ace. XIV.
149 (JAM.). (38) Lan. Annals Agric. (1784-1815). (39) Shr.1
(40) Nhp.2 In order to frighten children into good behaviour they
tell them here that Black Parr will have them. (41) Sc. Desired
one of the lads to hand in the black Peter, SCOTT Guy M. (1815)
xxviii. (42) War.1 A pole of three falls standing (s.v. Ruin).
Hrf.12 (43) Dor. I can't make any blackpot, HARDY Jude (1896)
pt. i. x. Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl.
(1873). w.Som.1 (44) Cai. In former times . . . when a beast
was seized with the black-quarter, it was taken to a house where
no cattle were ever after to enter, and there the animal's heart
was taken out while alive, to be hung up in the house or byre
where the farmer kept his cattle [to prevent the spread of the
disease], Agric. Surv. 203 (JAM.). (45) nw.Dev. Black ram occurs
at Hartland in the form of loose stones immediately under the soil ;
also called Kitty rock, Reports Provinc. (1893). (46) Chs.1 (47)
Stf.1 (48) Yks. I'll send thee to Black Sam before thou art three
days old [St. George in Mummers' Play], Yks. N. & Q. (1888 II.
130. w.Yks. St. George — threatened to send him to ' Black Sam,'
BURNLEY Sketches ( 1875) 135 ; w.Yks.5 (s.v. Mummers). (49)
e.An.1, Nrf.1 Suf. e.Anglian (1866) II. 325 ; RAVEN Hist. Suf.
(1895) 263. (50) Rxb. A black sixpence, supposed to be received
BLACK-
[281]
BLACK-
from the devil, as a pledge of an engagement to be his, body and
soul. ... It is said that the person who keeps it constantly in his
pocket will always find another sixpence beside it (JAM.). (51)
Ess.1 Oysters are sick after they have spat ; the male oyster is
'black-sick,' as the fishermen term it, having a black substance in
the fin. (52) n.Sc. In some parts of the Highlands . . . the method
of cure or prevention was to extinguish all the domestic fires, and
rekindle them by forced fire caught from sparks emitted from the
axle of the great wool-wheel, which was driven furiously round
by the people assembled, Clan-Albin (1815) II. 239 (JAM.). (53)
Ant. (W.H P.) (54) e.An. Obsol. (F.H.) ; e-An.1 (55) Sc. A dark-
coloured stone, used in some of the Sc. universities, as the seat on
which a student sits at an annual public examination . . . called
his Profession (JAM.). (56) se.Dor. (C.W.^ (57) Shr.1 The Black
Stone and Blue Flats are rich and valuable iron-stones. se.Dor.
A bituminous shale, quarried at Little Kimeridge, and burned as fuel
by fishermen and others (C.W.). (58) Ess. With black-strap and
perry he made his friends merry, Fairlop Fair Song, DIXON Sngs.
Eng. Peas. (1846) 192. Cor. A drink [of gin and treacle] common
in Scilly many years ago, and persons are still living who can
recollect forming parties to go into the country expressly to drink
it, A'. & Q. (1866) 3rd S. ix. 499; Cor.12 Slang. Disappointed
at not finding black-strap (as we call port-wine at Lincoln's Inn) on
the table, COBBETT Tour in Italy (1830) 377. (59) Sc. GROSE
(1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Scotidsms ( 1 787) 15. Abd. (W.M.) (60)
Ken. Obs. (P.M.) ; Ken.1 Dat dere pikey is a regler black-tan.
(61) Cor.12 1^62, a) Wm. They are so subject to the black-water
that ten out of an hundred die before Xmas, MARSHALL Reports
Agric. (1818) I. 240 ; Wm.1 n.Yks. A disorder to which lambs
are liable in autumn, TUKE Agric. (1800) 272. w.Yks. Many
sheep die in cold nights, when they contract a disease known as
blackwater, LUCAS Zoologist (1879) III. 356 ; w.Yks.1, Der.1, n.Lin.1
(A) Wm.1, w.Yks.l (63) Ags. (JAM.) (64) n.Lin.1 w.Som.1 A
few years ago, it was common to ask visitors whether they pre-
ferred white [sherry] or blaak-wuyn. Obsol. Cor.2 Black-wine
toddy. (65) Chs.1 He's doing black work to-day ; don't you know
they're burying poor old Roberts, Chs. Sheaf, I. 301. Sur.1 We
keep six horses for the blackwork. Sus. A man . . . employed in
black work, or who, in other words, worked for an undertaker,
EGERTON Flks. and Ways (1884) 85. Slang. FARMER.
2. Comb, in plant-names: (i) Black-bern, (2) -blegs,
(3) -bow-wowers, (4) -boyds, the fruit of Rubus fructicosus,
blackberries; (5) -boys, the flower-heads of Plantago
major, plantain ; also Typha latifolia, great reed-mace ;
(6 1 -bum, the blackberry, Rubus fructicosus ; (7) -butter,
Viva lactuca, sea-lettuce ; (8) — corn, dark pulse, beans ;
(9) — couch, Agrostis stolonifera ; (10) — dog-wood,
Prunus padus ; (n) -heart, Vaccinium myrtillus, bil-
berry; (12) -heath, Erica cinerea; (13) — Jack, (14) —
Jerusalems, a variety of greens ; (15) -kites, the fruit of
Rubus fructicosus, blackberries ; (16) — ling, Calluna vul-
garis, common ling; (17) — man's flower, Prunella
vulgaris, self-heal ; (18) — man's posies, Lamium purpu-
reum, red dead-nettle; (19) -merry, Prunus avium, bird
cherry ; (20) — nonesuch, Medicago lupulina, medick ;
(21) — poplar, Popuhts nigra, water-poplar; (22) -rind,
an oak tree not large enough for timber ; (23) — Sally,
Salix caprea, great sallow; see below; (24) — seed,
Medicago lupulina ; (25) — soap, Centaurea nigra, knap-
weed ; also Scabiosa arvensis ; (26) — spem, Asplenium
adiantum-nigrum, black spleenwort ; (27) -spice, see
•kites ; (28) -strap, Polygonum aviculare, knotgrass ; (29)
— trefoil, Medicago lupulina ; (30) — twitch, (a) Festuca
duriuscula; (b) F. ovina; (31) — victual, see — corn;
(32) — weed, Sparganium ramosum ; (33) — willow,
Salix pentandra, sweet willow. See also Black-bent,
-berry, -boyd, -cap, -grass, -head, -man, -thorn.
(i) Lan.1 (a) w.Yks.* (3) N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 (4) w.Sc. (JAM.) (5)
Wil.1 (6) n.Lan (W.H.H.), ne.Lan.1 (7) Dev. Reports Provinc.
(1895). (8) n.Yks.2 (9) WU. ' Black couch,' or ' couchy bent,' . . .
is the general and almost only herbage of the old, burn-beaked,
worn-out downs, DAVIS Agric. (1811) xii ; Wil.1 (10) Snr. (n,
12) Hmp. WISE New Forest (1883) 280; Hmp.1 (13, 14-) Nhp.1
(15) Nhb. Cum. People give eightpence and tenpence a quart for
black-kites, RIGBY Midsummer (1891) xvi ; Cnm.1 ; Cum.3 When
t'black-kite blossom shews itsel i'hafe seen gliffs o'grey, 46. (16)
n-Yks.1 (17) w.Yks. If thow pull them black man flowers, black
man will tak' the' in t'neet (W.F.). (18) Cum. (19) Hmp.1 (20)
Nrf. (2 11) w.Som.1 (22) Ken. Paid Master Edmans for to [a]
VOL. I.
Blackrins, 2s. 6d., Warehorne Highway Bk. (P.M.) ; Ken.1 Them
blackrinds won't saw into timber, but they'll do for postes. (33)
Shr.1 The term Black Sally seems to be somewhat loosely applied
to several species of willows, growing high, and having foliage of
more than ordinary depth of colour. Wil.1 Clothes-pegs are made
from its wood. (24) s.Bck. (25) Dev.4 (26) Hmp. (W.M.E.F.)
(27) w.Yks. Used in Craven (A.C.) ; (S.K.C.) ; w.Yks.1 (38)
Hmp.1 (29) Nrf. (30, a^ Cum. HUTCHINSON Hist. Cum. (1794) I.
APP- 39- Midi, (b) Bdf. (31) Sc. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863) ;
(JAM.) (32) e-An.1 (33) Ir. Much sought after by the Irish
harvest-men, who call it the black willow, and cut it for their
shillelahs, LEIGHTON Flora of Shr. (1841) 485.
3. Comb, in names of birds, fishes, insects, &c. : (i)
Black and white poker, the immature Golden-eye;
the tufted duck ; (2) — and white woodpecker, Den-
drocopus major ; (3) — arches, a dark moth, Psilura
monacha ; (4) -a-top, (a) the blackcap, Cumtca atricapilla;
(b) the stone-chat, Saxicola rubicola ; (5) -back, the
flounder or fluke, Plalessa flesus ; (6) -bat, the cockroach ;
(7) -bear-away, the bat, Vespertilio; (8) -bess, any small
black beetle ; a cockroach ; (9) -bird, the ring ouzel,
Turdus torquatus; (10) -bob, see -bess ; (n) -bonnet, the
black-headed bunting, Emberisa schoenidus ; (12) -boy,
a flea; (13) -breasted plover, Charadrius pluvialis ; (14)
— bunting, see -bonnet ; (15) -canker, a caterpillar which
infests turnips ; (16) -chin, the little grebe, Tachybaptes
fluvialis; (17) -clock, the cockroach; also any black
beetle ; (18) — coaly hood or — cole head, (a) the cole
titmouse, Parus britannicus ; (b) the reed bunting, Embe-
riza schoenidus; (19) — curlew, the glossy ibis ; (20) —
curre, the tufted duck, Fuligula cristata ; (21) — devil, the
fish Miller's thumb ; (22) — diver, the scoter, Aedemia
nigra ; (23) -doctor, a horse-leech ; (24) -dolphin, the
turnip-fly, Athalia centifolia ; (25) -doy, a black beetle ;
(26) -drish, the blackbird, Turdus merula; (27) — duck,
(a) the scaup, Fuligula marila ; (b) see — diver ; (28) —
goose, the brent goose, Bernicla brenta ; (29) — gull, the
common skua, Stercorarius catarrhactes ; (30) — horse,
a large kind of ant ; (31) -hudie, see -bonnet ; (32) -
martin, the swift, Cypselus apus; (33) -neb, -nebbed crow,
the carrion crow, Corvus corone ; (34) -nob, the bullfinch,
Pyrrhula europaea ; (35) -ouzel (-uzzle), Turdus merula ;
(36) — ox-eye, see (18, a); (37) — poker, see — curre;
(38) -paw-heed, see (4, a) ; (39) — scart, the cormorant ;
(40) -star(e, -steer, the starling; see Stare; (41) -tail, (a)
the fieldfare, (b) the stoat ; (42) -throstle, see -ouzel : (43)
•toed gull, Richardson's skua, Stercorarius crepidatus ;
(44)— wigeon, (a) see —curre, (b) the female wigeon,
Mareca penelope ; (45) — woodpecker, the great spotted
woodpecker, Picus major; (46) -worm, the cockroach ;
(47) — wren, the hedge sparrow, Accentor modularis. See
also Black-cap, -head, -jack.
Nrf. (i) COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) 43. (a) SWAINSON
Birds (1885") 98. (3) Som. COMPTON Winscombe (1882) 140; (G.S.)
(4, a) War. TIMMINS Hist. War. (1889) 213 ; War.2 (b] War.3 (5)
N.I.1 (6) War.28, w.Wor.1, s.Wor. (H.K.), se.Wor.1 (7) e.Yks.
Children cry out to the bat, ' Black, black beear-away, Cum doon
bi here-away,' NICHOLSON F/k-Sp. (1889) 92 ; A name connected
with a still lingering belief that their special office is to bear away
the souls of young children, Lin. N. & Q. (Apr. 1896) 27 ; e.Yks.1,
nXin.1 (8) Shr.1 Two black-besses sent for entomological examina-
tion proved to be Amara familiaris and Leistis fulvibarbis ; Shr.2
Wil.1 So called on the Brks. border. (9) Shr.1 (10) Brks. GROSE
(1790) ; Gl. (1852) ; Brks.1 Hmp. 'Black-bob spit blood or I'll kill
you,' said by children (W.M.E.F.) ; Her house was overrun with
a kind of black-beetle, or, as she expressed herself, black-bob,
WHITE Selbome(i^8) 289, ed. 1853 ; Hmp.1, 1.W.1 Wil. SLOW Gl.
(1892) ; Wil.1 Dor. A'. <&• Q. (1877) sth S. viii. 44 ; BARNES Gl.
(1863). Som. SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885). (n) Cld. (JAM.)
w.Wor. Berrow's Jrn. (Mar. 3, 1888). (121 Wxf. A regiment of
black-boys my poor corpse o'erspread, KENNEDY Banks Boro
(1867) 59. (13) Ir. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 180. (14) Nhb.1
(15) Nrf. Annals Agric. (1784-1815). (16) Brks. SWAINSON, 216.
(17) n-Yks.1, e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Crackets woddant live, black clocks
did, an' mice bed moar ta do wit tenancy nar we bed, T. Toddle's
Aim. (1875) 10 ; w.Yks.24; w.Yks.5 T'house swarms wi' black-
clocks. Lan.1 More commonly called twitch-clock. n.Liu.1.
Nhp.1 (18, a) Nhb.1 Called also Cole Head and Cole Tit. (6) s.Sc.
oo
BLACK-
[282]
BLACKAMOOR
SWAINSON, 72. (ig)Nrf. CozENS-HARDy.B»i0flrfAV/. (1893)43. (20)
Hmp.SwAiNSON, 159. (ai)Dor. N. &Q.(i8n] sthS.vii. 146. [Not
known to our correspondents.] (22) e.Ir. SWAINSON, 162. Nhb.1
(23) Abd. ' Fa'll buy my black-doctors fulpit in a peel ? ' [whelped
in a pool] was the cry of a leech-seller, SMITH Natur. (1876) 12.
(24) Hmp. WHITE Selborne (1788) 74, ed. 1853. (25) Suf. (F.H.)
(26) nw.Dev.1 In rare use. (27, a] Som. SMITH Birds (1887) 490.
(b) IT. SWAINSON, 162. Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893)
43. Ess. SWAINSON, 162. (28) Nhb.1 Called also Ware Goose.
Nrf. COZENS-HARDY ib. 43. Ess. SWAINSON, 149. (29) Ker. ib.
210. (30) Hrt. Large emmet eggs, or what we call Black-horse
pissum eggs, ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750") IV. iii. (31) Rxb.
(JAM.) (32) Sc. SWAINSON, 96. Nhb.1 Called also the Screamer.
w.Wor. Berrow'sjrn. (Mar. 3, 1888). Hmp. SWAINSON, 96. (33)
Rxb.i'A.82. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Wm. SWAINSON, 83. e.Yks. MARSHALL
Rur. Econ. (1788). (34) Shr. SWAINSON, 67. (35) n.Yks.23, w.Yks.
(G.H.). w.Yks.1, Lan.1, ne.Lan.1, e.Lan.1 w.Wor. Berrow's Jrti.
(Mar. 3, 1888). (36) Frf. SWAINSON, 33. (37) Nrf. ib. 159. (381
Nhb.1 (39) N.I.1 (40) War.2, w.Wor.1, se.Wor.1, Hrf.2, Glo. (A.B.),
Glo.1 (41, a) Hmp.1 So called in the New Forest, (b) Dev.
Reports Provinc. (1885' 88. (42) Dor. A party of birds-nesters
falling in with a ' black-throstle's' nest, Flk-Lore Jrn. (1884) II.
120. (43) Mry. SWAINSON, 210. (44, a) Dev. ib. 159. (b) e.lr.ib.
156. (45) Wil.1 (46) Dev. Reports Provinc. (1895). n.Dev. Go
and zarch vor angle-twitches An blackworms vor tha burds, ROCK
Jim an' Nell (1867) St. 124. Cor. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) ;
Cor.12 (47) Ir. SWAINSON, 29. •
4. Fig. in comp. (i) Black-fasting, enduring a severe
fast ; (2) -fisher, a fish poacher ; (3) -fishing, fishing
illegally by night ; (4) -foot, (a) sb. a go-between, esp. in
. lovemaking ; also used attrib. ; (b) v. to act by proxy ;
(5) -heart, a blackguard ; (6) -looking, sullen, ill-tem-
pered ; (7) -mail, protection money formerly paid to free-
booters, esp. on the Scottish border; obs. ; (8) — Monday,
the first day of going to school after holidays ; (9) -month,
November ; also in form blacky- ; (10) -mouth, an Irish
Protestant dissenter; (n) -mouthed, foul-mouthed ; (12)
-neb, one disaffected towards the Government; obs.; (13)
•quarter, (14) — Saturday, see below; (15) -sole, a confi-
dante in courtship ; a lover ; (16) -starved, pinched and
blue with cold ; (17) -ward, a state of servitude to a
servant ; obs. ; (18) -wet, thoroughly wet, sodden with
water; (19) -winter, the last cart-load of grain brought
home from the harvest field. See also Black-leg.
(i) Sc. He has been kend to sit for ten hours thegither, black-
fasting, SCOTT St. Ronan (1824) xvi ; I'm a' but blackfasting this
day from either meat or drink, WHITEHEAD Daft Davy (1876) 236,
ed. 1894 ; It is sarcastically said of a person who has got a belly-
ful, 'I'm sure he's no black-fastin ' QAM.). Ir. Let her give it
nothin' at all the next day but keep it black fahastin', CARLETON
Traits Peas. (1843) I. 423 : Common among Irish Roman Catholics
(J.S.) ; Used esp. in ref. to total abstinence from flesh during Lent
(A.J.I.). N.Cy.1 Nhb. Obs. (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.1 Cum. The punch
and cider laves about, An' few are here black fastin', STAGG Misc.
Poems (1808) Rosley Fair. Cum., Wm. The old style of beggars
used it, as a strong plea. Aa's blackfastin' sin' mwornin' fM.P.).
(2) Sc. Blackfishers, poachers, and smugglers, are a sort of gentry
that will not be much checked, SCOTT Redg. (1824) Lett, viii ; Ye
took me aiblins for a blackfisher, St. Patrick (1819) 111.42 (JAM.).
Frf. As a rule, every face was blackened; and it was this, I suppose,
that gave the gangs the name of black-fishers, BARRIE Z.i<rA/ (1888)
54- (3) Frf- Their frequent meeting-place when bent on black-
fishing, ib. 53. 14, a) Sc. Thinkin' ye might be black-fit, or her
secretar, Saxon and Gael (1814) I. 161 (JAM.); What kind of a
black-foot traffic is this? STEVENSON Catriona (1892) ii. Ayr. The
task of confidant (or blackfoot, as it is called in classic Scotch1, to
such a ' braw wooer," GALT Lairds (1826) xix. Lth. Bribes the
poor coof to be blackfoot to me, BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 217.
Ir. You want to make me a go-between— a blackfoot, CARLETON
Fardorougha (1848) v. Uls. (J.S.) ; Rarely used, and then usually
in ref. to a person stooping to a shabby trick (A.J.I.). Cum.1 (6)
Ant. Out black-footing for him (J.S.) ; (W.H.P.) (5) w.Som.1
(6) ib. Dhu blaa'k-leok-eens krai'tur uvur yue zeed [the black-
lookingest creature ever you seed]. (7) Sc. And what is black-
mail ? A sort of protection-money that Low-Country gentlemen . . .
pay to some Highland chief that he may neither do them harm
nor suffer it to be done to them by others, SCOTT Waverley (1814)
xv. N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Levied in Rothbury and Redesdale as late as
1720. (8) N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 The day following is called Bloody
Tuesday. w.Yks.2 Slang. FARMER. (9) Cor.1 ; Cor.2 MS add •
Cor.3 Blackmonth before Christmas. (10) Ir. The first marriage
that had happened betune a black-mouth an' a Catholic, YEATS Flk-
Tales (1888) 187 ; Many of the Protestants themselves, and the
Black-mouths, CARLETON Traits Peas. (1843) I. 347. (n) n.Lin.1
(12) Sc. 'We shall set you down among the black-nebs by and by.'
'No, Sir Arthur, a tame grumbler I, ' SCOTT Antiquary (1816) II. 128.
Frf. In the stormy days of his youth the old man had been a Black
Nib, BARRIE Lie/it (1888) 214. Ayr. Many of the heritors con
sidered me a black-neb, GALT Annals (1821) xxxii. e.Lth. If ye
turn blackneb, ye'll dae't your lane, HUNTER /. Inivick (1895) 120.
(13) Shr.1 Obs. It is called black-quarter when there is no milk, the
cowbeing'dry forcalving,' orwhen the store bacon isfinished before
the new flitch is ready for eating. (14) w.Yks.1 The first Saturday
after the old twelfth-day, when a fair is annually held at Skipton.
Nhp.1 So called when a labourer or mechanic has anticipated his
weekly wages, and has no money to receive. (15) Sc. This too
fond heart of mine . . . lang a black-sole true to thee, RAMSAY Tea-
Table Misc. (1724) I. 215, ed. 1871. Lnk. (JAM.) (16) n.Yks.12
(17) Sc. I hold in a sort of black-ward tenure, SCOTT Nigel (1822) ii.
(18) Lin. N. & Q. (1865) 3rd S. viii. 504. nXin.1 1 hed to goa doon
twice to th' dreanheid, an" I got real black-wet. (19) Dmf. (JAM.)
5. In phr. (i) So black as a bag, very dark ; (2) black be
lickit, nothing ; (3) blackbird and thrush, rhyming slang for
' black and brush ' ; (4) to be in one's black books, to be in
disfavour or disgrace ; in gen. use ; (5) to make a black
cock of, to shoot ; (6) as dark as a black cow's skin, very
dark ; (7) like butter in the black dog's hause [throat], irre-
trievably lost ; (8) black's my nail, (9) black is the white of
my eye, there is a slur on my character ; (10) riding the
Black Lad, Black Lad Monday, see below ; (ii) the alack
ox (cow) has trodden on your foot (toe), you have known
misfortune or sorrow ; (12) black to the bone, of persons :
worn by disease and having a dark or sallow complexion ;
(13) as black as Touts cloak or Toby, very dark.
(i) Dev. Reports Provinc. (1887) 17. (2) Lnk. What didyesee? —
Blackbclickit (JAM.). (3) Slang. He would express his determina-
tion to blackbird and thrush round his daisy roots [boots], BARRETT
Navvies (1884) 40. (4) Bnff.1 To be in the black-beuks wee ane.
w.Yks. (J.T.) Nhp.1 I'll put you down in my black-book. Oxf.1
MS. add. Hnt. (T.P.F.), Nrf. (E.M.) (5) Sc. They wadna tak
muckle to mak a black cock o' ye, SCOTT Waverley (1814) Iviii. (6)
n.Yks. Said of a very dark night (T.K.). (7) Sc. (JAM.) (8) Yks.
An' as to my character, Ah defy onnybody, gentle or simple, te say
black's mah nail. Spec. Dial., Margery and Guluiell, 6. n.Lin.' Noii-
body niver so much as said black's my naail to me. (9) Dmb. I
defy you to say black is the white o' my e'e, CROSS Disruption
(1844) x'x- (Io) Lan. The custom peculiarto Ashton-under-Lyne,
of Riding the Black Lad,' HARLAND& WILKINSON Flk-Lore (1867)
289 ; His black-lad-ship, only getting astride his horse once a
year, AXON Black Kt. (1870) 23 ; Lan.1 The term originated in
the custom at Ashton-under-Lyne of carrying through the town
on Easter Monday the effigy of ' the Black Lad," said to represent
a former lord of the manor, who, through a course of cruelty and
oppression, had become obnoxious to his tenants and dependants.
(u) Sc. The black ox has tramped on ye since I was aneath your
roof-tree, SCOTT Antiquary (1816) xl ; The black cow has nae
trampet yet Upo' your taes, Farmer's Ha' , St. 38 (JAM.). neXan.1
Black-ox trodden, worn with age or care. Nhp.1, Wor. (J.W.P.)
Oxf.1 The black ox 'a trod an yer toes. Wei. TOONE (1834). (12)
n.Yks.12 (13) N.I.1 Introd. viii.
[I. 1. I found her to be a very pretty, modest, black
woman, PEPYS Diary (Apr. 30, 1661) ; I have sworn thee
fair and thought thee bright, Who art as black as hell,
SHAKS. Sonn. 147. 4. News fitting to the night, Black,
fearful, comfortless, and horrible, SHAKS. K. John, v. vi.
20. II. 3. (ii) The seed-bunting, or black-bonnet,
STEPHENS Bk. of the Farm (1855) II. 378. 5. (n) The
blacke oxe cannot tread on his foot. For this may be
spoken of any one that hath good successe in his affaires,
BERNARD Terence (1629) 94; She was a pretie wench,
when Juno was a young wife. Now crowesfoote is on
her eye, and the black oxe hath trod on her foot, LYLY
Sapho and Phao (1584) iv. i (NARES).]
BLACKAMOOR, sb. Sc. l.W. Sus. Som. Cor. Also
written blackymoor Som.
1. In phr. the washing of the blackamore, a vain en-
deavour.
Abd. Aunt an' dother sought her far and near ; But a' was
washing o' the blackamore, Ross Helenore (1768) 79, ed. 1812.
BLACK-AVISED
[283!
BLACK JACK
2. The bulrush, Typha latifolia. I.W.
3. Comb, (i) Blackamoor's beauty, the scabious, Scabiosa
succisa ; (2) — teeth, small white-ribbed cowrie shells.
(i) Sus. FRIEND Plant Names (1882) 9. Som. JENNINGS Obs.
Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 Blaak-ee
moa'rz biie'tee. (a) Cor.1 ; Cor.2 MS. add.
BLACK-AVISED, adj. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm.
Yks. Also written -viced Sc. ; -viz'd N.Cy.1 Dur.1 n.Yks.2
m.Yks.1; -vized N.I.1 n.Yks.8 w.Yks.1 [bla'k-avaist,
•avaizd.] Of persons : having a dark complexion,
swarthy. See Avised, ppl. adj.2
Lnk. A black-a-vic'd snod dapper fellow, RAMSAY Poems (ed.
1800) II. 362 (JAM.). Ayr. Being a blackaviced crew, they were
generally thought to be Egyptians, GATjrAnnals (1821) vii. Edb.He
was a tall, thin, lowering man, blackaviced, and something in the
physog like myself, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) ii. Slk. I've kent
them black-a-viced and no ill-lookin, CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856)
III. 284. Ir. A handsome black-a-vis'd man, with great dark
whiskers, CARLETON Traits Peas. (1843)!. n. NX1 Ant. Applied
to a man whose face has a dark hue when shaved, Ballymena Obs.
(1892). s.Don. SIMMONS Gl.. (1890). N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Dur.1, Cum.
(M.P.) in.Cum. I'se black-a-vize't, bit canny, DICKINSON Sng. Sol.
(1859) i. 5. Cnm.1 Wm. ' He's black avised, like Jwhoony Greeafs
cat,' is an old and commonly used saying (B. K.); Wm.1, n.Yks.123,
m.Yks.1, w.Yks.1
BLACK -BENT, sb. (i) Juncus squarrosus (Nhb. Dur.) ;
(2) Nardus stricta (n.Cy.) ; (3) Plantago lanceolata (Bck.).
See Bent.
BLACKBERRY, sb. Cum. Yks. Chs. Lin. Also Hmp.
Wil.
1. Rubus fruticosus, in comp. (i) Blackberry-hatch,
chickens hatched at the time when blackberries are ripe ;
(2) -moucher, a boy who plays truant to gather black-
berries ; hence, the fruit itself; (3) -summer, a spell of
fine weather in the blackberry season.
(i) Chs.13 (2) Wil. BRITTON Beauties (1825) ; Wil.12 (3) Hmp.
Known only to old people (T.L.O.D.) ; Hmp.1
2. The bilberry, Vacdnium myrtillus. n.Yks.
3. The black currant, Ribes nigrum.
Cum. Gl. (1851) ; 'Currant' has not become general for native
fruit ; red currants are often called wine-berries, though their juice
is currant-jelly (M.P.) ; Cum.1 n.Yks.1 What are called black-
berries in s.Eng. here are Brambles, Brammles, Brummies, Bum-
melkites, &c. ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. NICHOLSON Flk-Lore ( 1890) 122 ;
e.Yks.1 The bramble berry is never so termed. n.Lin.1
4. In comp. Blackberry-token, Rubus caesius, dewberry.
Wil.1
BLACK-BOLE, v. Cum. To polish with blacking.
Cnm. Usually applied to boots. Prob. so called because blacking
was formerly sold in small balls (J.A.) ; Cum.1
BLACK-BOYD, sb. Sc. Also written -bides (JAM.
Suppl.) . The blackberry, fruit of Rubus fruticosus.
Sc. (J.P.); Wi* a round rosy tap, like a meikle blackboyd,
TANNAHILL Poems (1817) 202.
BLACK-CAP, sb. Var. dial, uses in Nhb. Cum. Yks.
Lan. Chs. Der. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. Shr. e.An. Hmp.
Dev.
1. In bird-names : (i) Emberiza schoeniclus, reed bunting ;
(2) Pants britannicus, cole titmouse ; (3) P. major, great
titmouse ; (4) P. palustris, marsh tit ; (5) Pyrrhula europaea,
bullfinch.
(i) w.Yks. SWAINSON, 72. n.Lan. (G.E. D.) ; Science Gossip (1882)
164. Chs.1, Der.2, nw.Der.1, Lei.1 Hmp. SWAINSON, 72. (2) Shr.1 (3)
w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. Der.1, ruLin.1 Nhp.1 Sometimes called Black
Capp'd Lolly. (4) Not. SWAINSON, 33. e-An.1 Nrf. COZENS- HARDY
Broad Nrf. (1893) 43. (5) n-Lin.1
2. In plant-names : (i) Lusula campestris, field wood-
rush ; (2) the fungus Phallus impudicus ; (3) the heads of
bulrush, Typha latifolia.
(i) Nhb.1 Called also Peeseweep Grass and Cuckoo Grass. (2)
Cum. HUTCHINSON Hist. Cum. (1794) I. App. 43. (3) Cum. (M.P.)
3. An ulcer with a dark top. Cf. black-head.
n.Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) Dev.3
BLACKER, sb. Cor. In phr. like Blacker, who had
occasion for the whole.
Cor.3 An elector in the days of bribery was shown a pile of
money and told to take what he had occasion for. His reply has
become a prov.
BLACK-GRASS, sb. (i) Agrostis stolonifera, marsh
bent grass (Ess.) ; (2) Alopecurus agrestis, slender fox-
tail grass (Bdf. e.An. Sus. I.W.) ; (3) Medicago lupulina
(s.Bck.).
BLACKGUARD, sb. Yks. Wai.
1. A duster or cloth used in doing the dirtiest house-
work ; a scullery utensil of the commonest kind.
w.Yks. (C.C.R.); w.Yks.s Wesht awal bud t'blackgaards this
week.
Hence Blackguarding, sb. the lowest menial duties.
w.Yks. Fit for nothing but blackguarding (C.C.R.).
2. A drink composed of beer and gin or whisky, spiced
with pepper.
s.Wel. N. & Q. (1850) ist S. ii. 480. Gmg. Common among
miners (W.M.M.).
BLACK-HEAD, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Lan. Chs. Lei. Shr.
Nrf. I.W. Som. Dev. Cor.
1. A tadpole. nw.Dev.1
2. A worm used as a bait in fishing.
Som. This is the time ver th' blackhead ta use, PULMAN Sketches
(1853) 18 ; (F.T.E.)
3. In bird-names: (i) Emberiza schoeniclus, reed bunting;
(2) Larus ridibundus, laughing gull.
(i) N.I.1 (2) Sh.I. (JAM.) S. & Ork.1 n.Lin. I knaw ootside
th' blackheads cry, PEACOCK Tales and Rhymes (1886) 129 ; n-Lin.1
4. A boil, a gathering.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 Dev. 'E 'th agot a black-
head pon 'is leg, an' that maketh 'en cruel tayjus, HEWETT Peas. Sp.
(1892); Dev.1, nw.Dev.1, Cor.12
5. Used attrib. in comb. Black-head grass, Lusula cam-
pestris. Chs.1
6. In pi. Typha latifolia, bulrush.
Ir., I.W., Dev.4
Hence Black-headed, adj. in comb, (i) —Bob, the
great tit, Parus major; (2) — bodkin, the reed bunting,
Panurus biarmicus ; (3) — hay-jack, the blackcap, Sylvia
atricapilla ; (4) — laddies, the bulrush, Typha latifolia ;
M —Nob, the bullfinch; (6) —Peggy, the blackcap;
(7) — tomtit, see — Bob.
(i) Dev. A bird called black-headed Bob, a merry fellow ... his
head bobs about from side to side, BRAY Desc. Tamar and Tavy
(1836) I. 320; SWAINSON Birds (1885) 32. (2) Lan. (G.E. D.) (3)
Nrf. SWAINSON, 24. (4) Nhb.1 (5) Shr.1 (6) Lei.1 (7) Slg.
SWAINSON, 32. Shr.1
BLACKIE, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Yks. War. Ken.
1. The blackbird, Turdus merula. Also in comp.
Blackie-bird.
Sc. While mavis clear and blackie-bird blythe are heard, LUMSDEN
Sheep Head, 142. Kcb. I listen to the blackie's note, ARMSTRONG
Ingleside (1890) 84. Nhb.1 n.Yks. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 6.
e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Oct. 17, 1891). War.2,
s.War.1 Ken. In gen. use (P.M.) ; Ken.1
2. Comp. Blacky-top, Pratincola rubicola, the stonechat.
Ir. SWAINSON, 12.
3. A blackamoor.
Nhb.1 To show them we deal wi' Newcassel, Twee Blackeys sal
mense the dor cheek, Pitman's Crtshp. (1818).
BLACK-JACK, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
Also written -jock Sc.
1. A cockroach. Cf. black-bess.
e.Lan.1 Chs.1 We'n getten a ruck o' black Jacks i' ahr haise ;
Chs.3 Also called Switch-clog and Twitch-clog.
2. The caterpillar of the turnip fly, Athalia spinarum.
' Nhp.1 Hmp. (J.R.W.) ; The hallica nemorum, called by the
farmers the Fly and Black Jack, JARDINE, note to White's
Selborne, ed. 1851, 140 ; Hmp.1 Dor. N. &•> Q. (1877) 5th S. viii.
44; BARNES Gl. (1863).
3. The colesay or rock-salmon. Nhb.1
4. A leathern jug or tankard for ale ; an ale-pot. Obsol.
Cum. (M.P.) ; Cum.1 [One] is preserved at Eden Hall, and in
constant use in the servants' hall on New Year's Day. Der.1
n.Lin.1 Common in farm-house kitchens in the last century. Nhp.1,
Suf.1
5. In pi. specks of soot, smuts. Stf.2
6. Gunpowder.
Chs.1 We wanten a bit o' black Jack to this rock.
7. Sulphuret of zinc, blende.
Nhb.1 Cum. HUTCHINSON Hist. Cum. (1794) I. App. 52. Cor.12
O O 2
BLACK-LEG
[284]
BLAD
8. Burnt sugar, used for colouring gravy. Oxf.1 MS. add.
9. A dark-coloured sweetmeat made of treacle and spice.
Rnf. His face was a' black-jock, NEILSON Poems (1877) 48.
10. In pi. the heads of Plan/ago lanceolata, ribwort. Shr.1
11. A variety of greens, called also Black Jerusalems-
Nhp.1
[4. Black Jack, a leatherjug to drink out of, BAILEY
(1755) ; (Stage direction) Enter servants with a great
kettle, and Black Jacks and a baker's basket, BROME
Joviall Crew (1652) I. sig. C.]
BLACK-LEG, sb. Sc. Irel. Lin. Lei. War. [bla'k-leg.]
1. A disease in the legs of cattle. Also in pi.
s.Ir. A fine veal calf died of the black-leg, CROKER Leg. (1862)
27. n.Lln.1 sw.Lin.1 Madder's a fine thing agen the black-leg.
Lei. They have a distemper frequent among the calves, which they
call the black-legs, LISLE Husbandry (1757). War.3
2. A match-maker, a go-between in love affairs. Cf.
black-foot Slk. (JAM.)
BLACK-MAN, sb. Sc. Irel. Lei. War. Oxf. Sus. Dor.
Som. Dev.
1. A supposed ' bogy,' a nursery terror.
Abd. Nor will the black man get ye, OGG Willie IValy(iS^) 123.
Lei.1, War.3, Oxf.1 MS. add. w.Sus. What nights of misery does
that name, the black man, bring back to my memory, Flk-Lore
Rec. (1878) I. 19. w.Som.1 You be good chillern, else the black-
man'll come down the chimley arter ee. nw.Dev.1
2. Liquorice ; called also Black-sugar, q.v.
Lth. The bairnies a' skirlin for black-man, BALLANTINE Poems
(1856) 108.
3. The plant Plantago lanceolata, ribwort.
Dor. (G.E.D.)
4. A go-between in love-making. Cf. black-foot.
s.Wxf. Some common friend would be seized on to introduce
the wooer, or, in other words, act as his blackman, KENNEDY
Banks Boro (1867) 154 ; Started Mick on a courting expedition,
giving him for a blackman a lively fidget of a farmer, ib. Even.
Duffrey (1869) 34.
BLACK-PUDDING, sb. Sc. and in gen. dial. use.
1. A kind of sausage made of pig's blood, fat, &c., stuffed
into the intestine of a pig or sheep.
Sc. As good [blood] As ever yet stufFd a black pudding, MESTON
Poems (.1767) 115 (JAM.). N.Cy.1, Dur.1 w.Yks. He's preichin
a sarmon ageean foaks heiting black-puddins, BYWATER Shevvild
Ann. (1848) 19. Wil. SLOW Gl. (1892). w.Som.1, Cor.3
2. The bulrush, Typha latifolia, so called from the shape
and colour of its heads. I.W.
3. Sheep's heart chopped with suet and sweet fruits.
Cum. The country people breakfast early on Christmas Day on
black-pudding, HENDERSON Flk-Lore (1879) ii.
4. A currant pudding ; a rich plum-pudding.
s.Wor. (H.K.), Cor."
BLACKSMITH, v. and sb. Nhb. Yks. Chs. Stf. Lin.
Wor. Shr. Glo. Sus. Wil. Som.
1. v . To do the work of a blacksmith.
w.Yks. Ah've blacksmithed wol ah'm stall'd, Leeds Merc. Suppl.
(Oct. 17, 1891). w.Som.1 He've a gid up his place 'is zix months —
now he do blacksmithy. Cf. farmery.
2. sb. The yellow ammer, Entberiza citrinella. Shr.1
3. A door-key. Stf.2
4. Comb, (i) Blacksmith's daughter, a lock and key,
a padlock ; (2) — eye, an eye very correct in estimating
size, &c. ; (3) — wife, see — daughter.
(i) n-Lin.1, w.Wor.1, se.Wor.1 Shr.1 1 mus' put the blacksmith's
daughter on the garden wicket, fur I see the straibries bin gwein
too fast. Glo.1 Sus. The blacksmith's daughter was on the gate,
AT. &> Q. (1891) 7th S. xii. 33. Wil. I was caught by the black-
smith's daughter and couldn't get away (S.S.B.). (a) Chs.1 (3)
n-Lin.1
5. In phr. Blacksmith of kind, a blacksmith the seventh
in descent of a family of smiths.
Nhb.1 If a child be ill, seven men, whose fathers, grandfathers,
and great-grandfathers have been blacksmiths, collect in a circle,
at the centre of which the indisposed child is laid upon an anvil,
and the circle wave their hammers over its head, and utter with
great force the stroke-groan ' hegh.' If the child be terrified, the
symptom is favourable. To secure the charm each smith has 6rf.,
ale, and bread and cheese. The charm has been worked with one
smith only, who is a blacksmith-of-kind.
BLACKTHORN, sb. Yks. Lan. Stf. Lin. Bdf. Mid.
Suf. Ken. Sur. Hmp. I.W.
1. Prunus spinosa, in comp. (i) Blackthorn-may, the
blossom of blackthorn ; (2) -winter, the cold weather
which usually sets in when blackthorn is in blossom, in
March or April.
(i) Mid. (2; swXin.1 Midi. Cornh. Mag. (1865) XII. 38. Bdf.
(J.W.B.), Ken. (P.M.), Suf. (F.H.) Sur.1 Also called the ' black-
thorn hatch.' Hmp. The harsh rugged weather obtaining at this
season (when blackthorn blossoms,) is called by the country people,
blackthorn-winter, WHITE Selborne (.1789) 352, ed. 1851; Obsol.
(T.L.O.D.) I.W.1
2. A boy's game.
w.Yks.2 ; w.Yks.3 Two marks are made across a road at some
distance apart. One boy stands on one, the rest on the other.
The one calls out ' Blackthorne.' The rest, ' New milk and barley
corn.' The one, ' Haa many sheep ha' yo to-day?' The rest,
' More nor yo can catch and carry away.' They run to his mark,
and he to theirs, trying to catch one or more, who join his side,
Lan. HARLAND & WILKINSON Flk-Lore (1867) 255 ; THORNBER
Hist. Blackpool (1837! 90. Stf.2 As the players run from one den
to the other the boy who is 'out' seizes one and cries out,
' Blackthorn, Blackthorn, one, two, threi, Dheit dha veri mon far
mei.' If he can hold the boy to the end of the rhyme, the latter
is his prisoner and must help him to catch the others.
BLACKY-MONTH, see Black.
BLAD, sb.1 Sc. Irel. Also written blaad Kcb. ; blaud
w.Sc. [blad, blad.]
1. A slap or blow.
Fif. The rung that gae the blad Was just up-liftit aff it, TENNANT
Papistry Vi827) 156. Rxb. An' ilk ane brought their blads asclent
her, A. SCOTT Poems (1811) 52. Kcb. Wha gied them mony a donsy
blaad without the causes speerin, DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 78.
N.I.1, Uls. (M.B.-S.)
Hence Blaadan, sb. a blow.
Bnff. The coreless quy ne [girl] gya the pot sic a blaadan it wiz o'
nae ither eess [use] bit t'bile swine's meht in (W.G.).
2. A squall.
Sc. Always includes the idea of rain. A heavy fall of rain is
calledabladofweet(jAM.). Per. (A.W.) w.Sc. A great or sudden
blast of wind is called a blaud (JAM. Suppl.).
BLAD, sb? Sc. Irel. Also written blaud, blet (JAM.),
[blad, blad.] A large fragment or portion.
Sc. Dougal would hear naething but a blaud of David Lindsay,
SCOTT Redg. (1824) Lett, xi ; GR&SE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Fif.
Strang pupils flew about in blads, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 7. Ayr.
I'll write, an' that a hearty blaud, BURNS Ep. to Lapraik (Apr. 21,
!785) ; (J-F.) Lth. Wi' his blinks o' fun and his blauds o' lear,
BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 219. s.Don. The bush tore a blad of
her dress, SIMMONS Gl. (1890).
Hence phr. Blads and dawds, large leaves of greens
boiled whole in a sort of broth. Sc. GAM.)
BLAD, sb? Sc. A dirty spot, a discolouration (JAM.).
Cf. bladds, blaid.
BLAD, sb* Sc. Also written blaud. [blad, blad.]
A portfolio.
Rnf. Flang by a' his warklooms, his blaud, an' his ink, PICKEN
Poems (1830) II. 32 (JAM.).
[Cp. Norw. dial, blad, leaf of a vegetable ; leaf of paper
(AASEN).]
BLAD, sb.6 Sc. Irel.
1. A person of weak, flabby constitution.
Sc. (JAM.) S. & Ork.1 A blad of a man.
2. A useless thing. N.I.1
BLAD, v.1 Sc. Irel. Also written blaad n.Sc.; blade,
blaud (JAM.), [blad, blad.]
1. To slap, to strike ; to thrust violently.
Sc. Ane may lo'e a haggis that wadna ha'e the bag bladed in his
teeth, RAMSAY Prov. (1737) ; Remember me to all that ask for me,
but blade me in nobody's teeth, KELLY Prov. (1721) (JAM.). Per.
(G.W.) Ayr. M'Kinlay takes the flail, An' he's the boy will blaud
her! BURNS Ordination (1786). N.I.1
2. Of wind and rain : to blow, to beat against, to drive
in gusts.
Sc. ' It's bladdin' on o' weet' denotes intermitting showers with
squalls (JAM.). Per. Sae weel as I like the healthfu' gale that blads
fu' kindly there, NICOLL Poems (1837) no, ed. 1843. N.I.1 The
wind would blad the young trees about.
BLAD
[285]
BLAE
H
Hence (i) Bladding,^/>/. adj. breezy, gusty ; (2) Bladdy,
adj. gusty, unsettled.
(i) Per. The bladdin' gale on the muiro" gorse an' broom, NICOLL
Poems (1837) in, ed. 1843. Ayr. To shun the bitter blaudin'
show'r, BURNS To J. McMath (1785). (2) Sc. QAM.)
3. To blow or flap about in the wind.
N.I.1, Ant. (S.A.B.) s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890).
4. To spoil, to injure, esp. by wind and rain, or by
a blow.
Sc. Better let horse alane and no blaad them for fowk that ken
better, ROY Horseman (1895) x. Bnff. The squeelmaister sudna
lat the scholars blaad their beuks (W.G.). Abd. I bladet the edge
o' my razor cutting the rope. Ye're bladdin' yer bairn petting it in
that way (G.W.) ; Keep oot o' the dubs an' nae blaud yer claes
(W.M.). Fif. There's naething here to blaud, MACDONALD Alec
Forbes (1876) 58; (A.W.)
Hence (i) Bladded (blaidit), ppl. adj. spoilt, injured ;
s\sofig. ; (2) Blauding, vbl. sb. spoiling, destroying.
( i) Sc. Biased milk, bladded milk, Milk new come in, CHAMBERS
Pop. Rhymes (,1870) 386. Bnff. Sic blaudit stocks a nivver saw.
A niwer saw sic a blaadit bairn (W.G.). Abd. Blaadit by a clour
[discoloured by a blow] (G.W.). Uls. (M.B.-S.) (a) nw.Abd. It's
jist a connachin" o' claes An" blaudin' o' fowks sheen, Goodwife
(1867) st. 52 ; He rated his reverence severely for blaudin the corn,
ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xxxv.
5. Fig. To defame, to abuse.
Abd. I winna hear my country blaudet, COCK Simple Strains
(1810) 132 (JAM.). Per. Ye canna blaad my character (G.W.).
BLAD, v.2 and sb.e Dmf. QAM.) 1. v. To walk
heavily and clumsily. 2. sb. A heavy stride.
BLADDER, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Lan. I.Ma. Lin.
Glo. Hmp. Dor. Also written bledder (JAM.); blether
Nhb.1 w.Yks. m.Lan.1 n.Lin.1 Dor. [bla'dar, ble'tSa(r).]
Something rounded and hollow.
1. A football.
w.Yks. Find summat else to do nor stand watching a lot o'
chaps puncin a blether abaat, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1868) 43.
m.Lan.1 Slang. At football I've seen lads run after the bladder,
BARHAM Ingoldsby (1864) 10.
2. A bagpipe.
Nhb.1 This master of minstrelsy oxtered his blether, N. Minstrels'
Budget.
3. A purse.
Nhb. Lay by some cottrils [cash-money] i' the blether, WILSON
Pitman's Pay (1843; 51 ; Nhb.1
4. A pimple, a burn or scald ; a cattle disease which
causes swelling of the lips and eyes.
Hmp. WISE New Forest (1883) 281 ; LISLE Husbandry (1757!;
Hmp.i
5. In comp. (i) Blether-baise, a musical instrument, the
strings of which are stretched across a bladder, which
serves as a sounding-board ; (2) -Dick, a character among
mummers ; a boy who pursues his playmates, carrying
a blown "bladder, swinging from the end of a stick ; (3)
•weed, Silene in/lata, bladder campion ; (4) Bladder-
wrack, Fucus vesiculosus, a kind of seaweed.
(i) w.Yks. Ah tuck ta playin' a blether-baise, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE
Bairnsla Ann. (1847; 7. (2) n.Lin.1 (3) Dor. (C.W.) (4) Ir.
(B. & H.) I.Ma. Going off with a pop like bladder-wrack, CAINE
Manxman (1894) pt. iv. xii.
6. Phr. (i) Bladder of lard, (2) Blether o' saam, a nickname
for a man with a bald head.
(i) Slang. FARMER. (2) n.Lin.1
BLADDER, see Blather.
BLADDOCH, sb. Sc. Also in the forms bladdo Frf. ;
blathoe Or.I. ; bleddack Sh.I. [bla-dax.] Buttermilk.
Sh.I. (Coll. L.L.B.) Or.I. (S.A.S.) Abd. As sowr as ony bladoch
or wigg that comes out o' the reem-kirn, FORBES Jrn. (1742) 18.
Frf. Crossed lakes o' bladdo milk and whay, BEATTIE Arnha' (1820)
31, ed. 1882.
[Gael, blathach, buttermilk; Ir. bldthach (MACBAIN)J
BLADDS, sb. pi. Sh.I. Also written blaids (/AM.).
A disease like small-pox. Cf. blad, sb.a
S. & Ork.1 Sh.I. QAM.)
BLADE, sb.1 Sc. Irel. Yks. Pem. [bled.]
1. Leaf of a plant or tree ; esp. a broad flat leaf, as the
outer leaves of cabbage or lettuce.
Lnk. ' The broth will be unco' thin,' quo' Mary. ' Wad it no be
bettero'some kail blades in't?' FRASER Whaups( 18951 xiii. m.Yks.1
A common saying during winter [is], ' Now, that there's neither
a blade up nor down.' s.Pem. The blades is fell yerly this season
(E.D.).
Hence Bladie, adj. full of large, broad leaves. Also
written blaudie.
Sc. Applied to plants of which the leaves grow out of the main
stem, as blaudie kail (JAM.).
2. A measure for fruit, which is sold in a leaf, or blade,
of cabbage.
N.I.1 Strawberries, raspberries, and currants, are sold by the
blade.
BLADE, sb? Shr. I.W. Wil. Som. Also written
bleyads I.W.1 [bled.]
1. The shaft of a cart or wagon.
Shr. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. ( 1 863 \ I.W.12 Wil. SLOW Rhymes
(1889) Gl. ; Wil.1
2. The upright part of a door or window-frame.
w.Som.1 All such frames have two blades, besides the sill and
the lintel. See Dura.
3. That timber in a roof which goes at an angle from the
top of the ' King post ' to the beam of the ' principal.'
Shr.1
[Extended uses of Blade, sb.1]
BLADE, sb.3 Irel. Chs. Pem. [bled.] A deprecia-
tory term for a woman.
Crl. ' Mary the Blade,' term applied to a forward young woman
(P.J.M.). Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892). s.Chs.1 Oo)z u riim uwd
blai'd [hoo's a rum owd blade]. s.Pem. She be an owl blaid
(W.M.M.)
BLADE, v. Irel. Shr. [bled.] To trim plants and
hedges by cutting away the leaves.
N.I.1 To blade mangles, to take the outside leaves off growing
mangolds. Shr. BOUND Prov. (1876) ; Shr.12
BLADE, see Blad.
BLADE ORE, phr. Sc.I. A general name for plants
belonging to the species of Laminaria.
BLADEY, int. Pem. [ble'di.] An assertive ex-
pletive : by our Lady !
s.Pem. Ay bladey ! thou'rt right ! Ef I canna do't, then bladey,
I be done fur. Bladey thee ! I'll meake thee do what I tells thee
(W.M.M.).
BLADGE, sb. Obs. (?) Lin. A coarse, vulgar woman.
[Not known to our correspondents.]
Lin.1 The bladge was always awming about.
BLAD HAET, />/ir. Rxb. QAM.) Nothing, not a whit.
Rxb. Blad haet hae we to dread as fatal, A. SCOTT Poems (1805)
50 ; Blad haet did she say.
BLADROCK, sb. Sc. (JAM.) A talkative, silly fellow.
BLADRY, see Blather.
BLAE, adj. and v. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Lan. Lin.
Nhp. Also written blea N.Cy.1 Nhb. Wm.1 e.Yks.
m.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 Lan.1 n.Lan.1 ; blee N.Cy.1 Nhp.1; bleea
n. Yks.2 ; bleah n. Yks.3 ; blay w.Yks. ; bla, blaa n. Yks.1
[ble, blea, bli, blia.]
1. adj. Of a blueish tinge, lead-coloured, livid.
Rnf. But they looket sae blae, and their hearts were sae wae,
TANNAHILI. Poems (1807) 205, ed. 1817. Ayr. That oft ha'e made
us black and blae Wi vengefu' paws, BURNS Twa Herds (1785) st.
12. Lnk. His eyes are drowsy and his lips are blae, RAMSAY
Poems (1727) I. 96, ed. 1800. Edb. Saw the blae marks of my
four fingers along his chaft-blades, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) viii.
N.I.1 Blae with cold. n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; (K.) ; N.Cy.1 Nhb.
They passed the muir of berries blae, RICHARDSON Borderer's
Tablc-bk. (1846) VII. 167 ; Nhb.1 Wm.1 Whan tha [the sheep] cum
doon fra t'fell, tha wer as blae as wad. n.Yks.1 He's getten his
bats : his feeace's black and bleea wi't ; n.Yks.2 As bleea as a
whetstone ; n.Yks.3, ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ.
(17881. m.Yks.1 w.Yks. WILLAN List Wds. (1811); Why dost
thou look so blea ? GRAINGE Nidderdale (1863) 225 ; w.Yks.1 Lan.1
Thy skin's turned blua. n.Lan. Hi hort hiz finger an it's tornd
quait blia (W.S.) ; nXan.1
Hence (i) Blaelike, adv. pale, livid ; (2) Blaeness, sb.
lividness.
(i) Sc. You've been lookin' terrible blae-like, ROY Horseman
(1895) xiii. (2) Cld. (JAM.)
2. Bleak, cold, exposed.
Sc. A ' blae day,' when the sky looks hard and lurid, esp. when
BLAEBERRY
[286]
BLAITIE-BUM
there is a thin cold wind that produces shivering (JAM.X Per. In
my bridal bed I'll sleep, Made i' th' kirkyard, cauld and blae,
NICOLL Poems (1837) 165, ed. 1843. Rnf. O Poortith is a wintry
day, Chearless, blirtie, cauld and blae, TANNAHILL Poems ^1807)
156. Ayr. How do you this blae eastlin wind, BURNS Auld
Comrade, 1. 3. Lnk. Blae autumn is mair rude, An' whiles comes
in a surly mood, THOMSON Musings (1881) 186. Wm. (E.C.)
w.Yks. It's a blay poor place, LUCAS Stud. JVidderdale(c. 1882) Gl.
Nhp. While on the bare blea bankdo yet remain Old Winter's traces,
CLARE Poems (1821) II. 177 ; Nhp.1 That garden lies full blee for
the east winds.
3. v. To make very cold, to numb.
Bnff. Ye'll blae a" yer han's gehn ye pit them in amo' the frosty
water (W.G.).
[1. It is usually a blea, flinty wheate, . . . the meale of it
is of a darkish, bley, and flinty colour, BEST Fanning Bk.
(1642) 99; Bla, liuidus, Cath. Angl. (1483). 2. The
mornyng bla, wan, and har, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513) ed.
1874, HI. 78. ON. bid (s. mas. bldr), livid ; cp. MDu. bid
(OUDEMANS), OFris. bldw (RICHTHOFEN).]
BLAEBERRY, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Shr. Also written bleaberry N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Cum.1
n.Yks.se.Yks.n.Lan. ; Way- N.Cy.1 n. Yks.2 w.Yks.1; blee-
Nhb.1; bleea-Wm.1 n.Yks.2; blaa- w.Yks.1 ; bloo- w.Yks.
1. The bilberry or whortleberry, Vacciniutn myrtillus.
Bnff. Looking for blaeberries and crawberries, SMILES Natur.
(1876)11.42. Frf.The path is lost in blaeberry leaves now, BARRIE
Minister (1891) xviii. Lnk. Nae birns, or briers, or whins e'er
troubled me Gif I cou'd find blae-berries ripe for thee, RAMSAY
Gentle Shep. (1725) II. iv. Lth. Our fingers an' our lips were
inky wi' blaeberries, crawcroups, bram'les, an' slaes, STRATHESK
More Bits (1885^ 297. NJ.1, N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Cnm. Here where
we have whortle-berries (blea-berries they call them here).
SOUTHEY Letters (1856) IV. 334 ; Cum.1, Wm.1 n.Yks. Thar used
to be lotso' bleaberrys at no'th side o' Penhill (W.H.) ; n.Yks.123,
ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788). w.Yks. It forms
the food of the ' moor-game ' or grouse, and is held in high
repute as a delicious jam (J.T.) ; w.Yks.1 There's a gay to-a-three
blaaberries, ii. 304. n.Lan. Dhiar's 3 gud kropa bliabariz (W.S.).
Shr.1
2. In camp, (i) Blaeberry-bed, a mass of blaeberry
shrubs ; (2) -wires, the small shrubs or stems on which
the blaeberries grow.
(i) Wm.1 (2) n-Yks.1
[Takyng the bleberries or hurtel berries, TURNER
Herbal (1562) n. Lj (N.E.D.) ; A blabery, Cath. Angl.
(1483). Cp. Norw. dial, blaabcer, ' vaccinium myrtillus'
(AASEN) ; ON. bldber (FRITZNER).]
BLAEWORT, see Blawort.
BLAFF, sb. and v. Sc. [blaf.]
1. sb. A blow ; also Jig.
Gall. Many the time that I have fallen with an unco blaff,
CROCKETT Raiders (1894) ii ; The hardest blaff of downcome is ever
gotten at the doorstep, ib. Moss-Hags (1895) ii ; In occasional use
(A.W.).
2. v. To bang.
Gall. Pistols ... '11 be gaun blaffin' aff when there's mair need to
be as quiet as an ashleaf, CROCKETT Raiders ( 1894) vii.
[Cp. LG. blaffen, to bark loud ; blaffert. a blunderbuss
lit. a ' barker ' (BERGHAUS).]
BLAFLUM, sb. and v. Sc. Irel. Also in forms blaf urn
Sc. N.I.1 ; bleflum, blephum, blawflum Sc.
1. sb. Nonsense, idle talk ; deception, a hoax.
NJ.1 Ant. Ballymetta Obs. (iSoaX s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. i8ox>X
Dmb. It's just a mock and a blafum, CROSS Disruption (1844) xviii.
Rnf. A' their fine blaw-flums o' teas That grow abroad, PICKEN
Poems (1788) 63. [GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)]
Hence Bleflummery, sb. nonsense, vain imaginings.
Sc. A' that blaeflummery that's makin sic a haliballoo in the warld
Campbell (1819) I. 328 (JAM.).
2. A pompous, empty person. Ayr. QAM.)
3. v. To cajole, hoax, impose upon.
Lnk. Frae's looking-glass into the chair Which bears him to
blaflum the fair, RAMSAY Poems (1727) I. 132.
BLAG, sb. and v. Yks. Also written bleg, blagg,
blague, [blag, bleg.]
1. sb. The blackberry, fruit of Rubusfruticosus.
Yks. The time of year when the hedges are covered with cat-
haws, and hips, and blagues, FETHERSTON Goorkrodger (1870) 70.
e.Yks. Nature Notes, No. 4. w.Yks. All t'blegs and mushrooms 'at
grew i' owd Tommy land, Yksman. (1875) 23, col. 2 ; I't wood
pheasants wor sed ta be as plentiful az blaggs. TOM TREDDLEHOYLE
Bairnsla Ann. ( 1878) 19 ; Blegs an apples are my fav'rite preserve,
like (H.L.) ; w.Yks.2 Used in Penistone. Does not appear to be
known in Sheffield ; w.Yks.3 ; w.Yks.8 T'hedges is black ower
wi' blegs. As fond as a bass, an' as black as a bleg.
2. Comp. Blag-ber, a blackberry.
w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. ; Universal round Keighley (M.F.).
3. v. To gather blackberries. Hence Blagging, vbl. sb.
gathering blackberries.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (June 7, 1884) 8 ; Lads an' lasses are
tabe seen bleggin', TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1866; 31 ;
Thow'd better let t'childer go there blaggin (W.F.) ; w.Yks.3 Au'm
baan a-blaggin ; w.Yks.8
4. Fig. To employ one's time in a profitless way.
w.Yks. A man might be asked how he had done in business
during the day and reply, ' Oh, I've been blagging ' (I.W.).
[Blag repr. black in blackberry, the guttural being voiced
by assimilation with the following b.]
BLAHT, see Blart.
BLAICK, see Bleck.
BLAID, sb. Obs. Lan. A little boil. Cf. blad, sb."
Lan. GROSE (1790) MS. odd. (C.)
BLAIGIT, sb. S. & Ork.1 A reddish tinge in the
wool of a sheep. See Blaagit.
BL AIK, v. and sb. Sc. Also written blaick Bnft'.1
Abd. [blek.]
1. v. To puzzle, baffle. Cf. bleck, v?
Sc. Being blaikit this way, the kelpy saw there was sma" hope,
ROY Horseman (1895) i ; Waur storms had come afore, and
the auld bin had blaikit them, ib. xxxiv. Bnff.1 That quystin fairly
blaickit 'm. Abd. He's wun himsel' intil a fine snorl, an it'll
blaick him t'redd's feet (W.G.).
2. sb. A puzzle.
Bnff.1 A'll gee you a blaick this time.
BLAIN, s*.1 Sc. Dur. Yks. Lan. e.An. Also written
blaan w.Yks., blein. [blen, blean.] A sore, an ulcer or
gathering of any kind ; a swelling, a mark left by a wound
(JAM.) ; also^r^. a fault, a blemish.
Sc. Quhyt me frae benmost blains, WADDELL Ps. (1891) xix. 12.
Dur.1 Appl. to a red swelling of the eyelid. w.Yks. BANKS Wkfld.
Wds. (1865) ; Av two varry big blains, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE
Bairnsla Ann. (1883) 17; iS.H.B.) Lan. DAVIES Races 1,1856)
266 ; Lan.1 e.An. • Ulceration at the roots of the tongues of cattle.
Suf.1
[A boil breaking forth with blains upon man and upon
beast, BIBLE Ex. ix. 10 ; Hir nekke was of good fasoun...
Withoute bleyne, scabbe or royne, CHAUCER R. Rose, 553 ;
He smot lob with the werste stinkende bleyne, WYCLIF
(1382) Job ii. 7. OE. blegen.}
BLAIN, sb.2 and v. Sc. [blen.]
1. sb. A bare place in a field where the grain has not
sprung (JAM.).
Hence Blainy, adj. bare in patches.
Lth. Some rigs in the west park, that are a wee blainy (JAM.).
2. v. Of a field : to become bare in places where the
crops have not come up. Bnff.1
Hence Blaint, ppl. adj. (i) Of a field : covered with
blank spots ; (2) Of corn : empty, blighted. Bnff.1
3. sb. pi. Empty grain.
Bnff. Nothing is to be seen but useless trumpery, and very
often empty blains, Agr. Surv. (JAM.)
BLAIR, v. and sb.1 Ags. QAM.)
1. v. Of flax: to dry.
Hence Blairin, vbl. sb. the place where flax is spread
out to dry.
2. sb. Flax which has been steeped, taken from the pit,
and laid out to^lry.
[Cp. ON. blcer, a gentle breeze, puff of air (esp. with
notion of warmth).]
BLAIR, see Blare.
BLAITIE-BUM, sb. Sc. Also in the form batie-bum.
[bli'ti-bum.] A lazy fellow ; a simpleton. See Blate, adj.
Sc. (JAM.) Fit Twa blaitie-bums in won sark Withstandin' a
our feir [company], TENNANT Papistry (1837) I7I-
BLAIZE
[287]
BLANGE
I
BLAIZE, sb. Obs. ? Sc. A blow.
Abd. GowfTd him alang the shins a blaizc, SKINNER Poems
(1809 8.
BLAKE, adj.1 Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
[blek.1
1. Obs. ? Of a dusky dark colour, livid.
n.Cy. (K.) w.Yks. WILI.AV List Wds. (1811). ne. Lan.1 [GROSE
1790 MS. add. C.)]
2. Yellow, of a golden colour, gen. applied to butter and
cheese, &c.
N.Cy.12, Nhb.1, Dur.1 Cum. Applied to the light hair of a baby,
&c. Fine blake butter M.P.) ; White shows the rye, the big of
blaker hue, RELPH Misc. Poems (.1747) J3 '• As blake as marygowds
an' as black as corbies, LINTON Liesie Lorton (1867*1 xxi ; Cum.1
Blake as May butter. Wm.1 n.Yks.1 T'creeam's to'nned gey an'
blake, noo t'kye ha' getten te t' grass agen ; n.Yks.23 ne.Yks.1 As
blake as a gowlan. e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788) ; e.Yks.1,
m.Yks.1 w.Yks. As blake as a paigle [cowslip], Prov. in Brighouse
News (July 23, 1887} ; w.Yks.1 Her milk war feaful rich an blake,
ii. 290. n.Lan. (W.S.), neXan.1, Chs.13
[1. Blake, wan of colour, PALSGR. (1530) ; Whil heo
weoren blake . . . whil heo weoren raede, LA^AMON (c.
1205) I. 80 ( MATZNER). 2. Blake (spoken of butter and
cheese), yellow, BAILEY (1721) ; Blayke, flauus, LEVINS
Manip. (1570). OE. blac, pale, cp. ON. bleikr.]
BLAKE, adj.* Nhb. Yks. Chs. Cold, exposed, bleak.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, n.Yks. (T.S.), Chs.1
BLAKE, v.1 Som. Dev. [blek, bleak.] To become
out of breath, to faint, esp. of children exhausted with
crying, coughing, or laughing ; gen. used with prep. away.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). Dev. Reports Provinc. (1884) la ;
Tha cheel's a-blaked away ; 'er's black in tha vace, HEWETT Peas.
Sp. (1892) ; Us laughed vit to kill ourselves ; purty nigh blaked
away wi' laffin, PASMORE Stories (1893) 4. n.Dev. Ur blake away
avore es door, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867") st. 91. s.Dev. (F.W.C.)
Dev.1 Es all laffd till es blak'd, 62. nw.Dev.1 Her reg'larly blak'd
away when her zeed the blid.
BLAKE, v? Som. Dev. [blek, bleak.] Of sheep:
to bleat. Cf. bleak, v.
Som. Th' sheep .da blake, PULMAN Sketches (1842) 20, ed. 1853.
w.Som. Dhai wiid-n niivur blae'ukfie zoa, neef sauf'Sen waud-n dhu
maad'r [they would never bleat so, if something was not the
matter], ELWORTHY Grant. (1877) 62 ; w.Som.1 Dhu sheep doan
luyk dhik'ee vee-ul, dhai d-au-vees begee'n tu blae-ukee een un
turaak'lee [the sheep do not like that field, they (do) always begin
to bleat in it, directly]. nw-Dev.1
[Cp. Bremen Menken, ' bellen ' (Wtbch.) ; LG. bloken
(BERGHAUS).]
BLAKED, pp. Yks. [blekt] Made yellow. See
Blake, adj.1 2.
ne.Yks.1 In common use. T'butther's gitten nicely blaked.
BLAKELING, sb. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
[ble-klin.} The yellow ammer, Emberisa citrinella. See
Blake, adj.1 2.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. SWAINSON Birds (1885") 70 ; Nhb.1 Cum. LINTON
Lake Cy. (1864) 297. Wm.1 w.Yks. WILLAN List Wds. (1811) ;
w.Yks.1, neXan.1
BLAKEN, v. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Also written bleckon
Cum.1 [ble-kan.] To turn yellow. See Blake, ad/.1 2.
n.Yks.2 The corn is beginning to blaken.
Hence (i) Blakened, ppl. adj. bruised, turned yellow
from a blow ; (2) Blakening, ppl. adj. said of a wound
when beginning to heal.
(i) Cum. But suin gat a weelbleaken'dskin, GIL.PIH Sags. (1866)
388 ; Cum.1 (2) N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
BLAKES, sb. pi. Yks. [bleks.] Droppings of cows'
dung dried for fuel.
e.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Oct. 17, 1891) ; e.Yks.1 Formerly
it was part of the duty of the female servants in farm houses to
' clap cazzans,' that is, to take up the soft cows' dung in their hands
and ' clap ' it against the wall, that it might ' cazzon ' [dry] on, and
be used as fuel. When dried the dung was called ' blakes,' or
• cazzans,' MS. add. (T.H.)
[Blakes, cow-dung dry'd for fuel, BAILEY (1721).]
BLAME, v. In gen. dial, and slang use ; also Amer.
[blem, bleam.] Used imprecatively.
e.Yks.1 w.Yks. BANKS Wkjld. Wds. (1865) ; w.Yks.2; w.Yks.5
Blaame thee ! what's tuh done that for ? Lan. Blamed if you're not
a pretty little gal, anyhow, HOCKING Dick's Fairy (1883) ii. Stf.1,
Not.1 Lin. I'm blamed, but yon's a wild herse flying. BROWN Lit.
Laur. (1890) 15. n-Lin.1, Rut.1, Lei.1, Nhp.1, War.23 w.Wor.
S. BEAUCHAMP Grantley Grange (1874) II. 99. e.An.1 Blarm me if
youbaint. Snf.1 I'll be blamed if I dew. Sns.1 Blame ye! ye be
always at something ; be blamed if I doant give it yer one of these
days. I.W.1 Odd bleyam thee. Dor. I'm bleamed if we beant in
a mess, YOUNG Rabin Hill (186-]} n. w.Som.1 Neef aay diie aa-1
bee blae'umd ! [I will be blamed if I do]. Blae'um mee-, neef dhee
shaet-n ae'ut [blame me ! if thou shall not have it — i.e a thrashing].
Dev. Blam'ee, zes I, if 'tis honour to die, I don't like zich honour
at aal, PASMORE Stories (1893} 7 ; I'll be blamed ef 'er chell iver
'ave wan appenny more out ov me ! HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892).
Cor. Wa-al. I'm blamed if this ain't a rum start! PARR Adam and
Eve (1880) III. 152 ; Cor.12 [Amer. Blamed if I haven't forgotten
that word, MAX ADELER Elbow Room (1876) xv.]
Hence Blamed, (i) ppl. adj. used as an intensive;
(2) adv. exceedingly, very.
(i) nXin.1 Them blaam'd beas hes been oher beck agean among
oor wheat. Dev. Why thek blamed sheep o' mine waunt stop
nowhere, Flk-Lnre Jrn. (1883) I. 334. (2) w.Yks. I knaw they
wor blamed nice, CUDWORTH Dial. Sketches (1884) 27.
BLAN, see Blin.
BLANCH, sb. Wm.1 m.Yks.1 [blantj, blanj.] Lead
ore mixed with other minerals.
BLANCH, v. Som. Dey. [blaenj.] A hunting term :
to turn back a deer from his course.
w.Som.1 But, being blanched, went up into the coverts above
West Porlock, Wellington Wkly. News (Aug. 19, 1886). n.Dev.
Onwards to Westgate, when the deer was blanched, Records Stag-
hounds, 30 (ELWORTHY Gl.). Dev. The deer being blanched by a
boat, DA VIES Memoir Russell (1878) 323.
[Cp. blancher, a thing placed to turn the deer back.
Sewells or blawnsherrs to kepe the deere within the
woode. LAYTON (1535) in Ellis's Orig. Lett. Ser. 2, II. 61.]
BLAND, sb. Sh. & Or.I. A drink made from butter-
milk.
Sh.I. A very agreeable wholesome acid beverage called bland,
which has something of the flavour of the juice of the lime, Agr.
Surv. 61 (JAM.) ; (W.A.G.) Or.I. Maybe the lad wad drink some
bland, SCOTT Pirate (1821) v. S. & Ork.1
[ON. blanda, any mixture of two fluids, but esp. a
beverage of hot whey mixed up with water.]
BLANDA, sb. S. & Ork.1 1. Barley and oats mixed
and sown together. 2. Comp. Blanda-meal, meal made
from the above.
[ON. blanda, a mixture, see Bland.]
BLANDER, v. Sc. (JAM.) [Not known to our corre-
spondents.]
1. To scatter sparingly ; to diffuse, disperse.
Fif. Seed-corn is said to be blander'd, when very thinly sown.
Hence Blandrin, sb. a scanty diffusion.
Fif. That ground has gotten a mere blandrin. A blandrin of
hair on the head.
2. Fig. To babble, to spread abroad a report, esp. a
calumny ; to exaggerate or misstate.
BLANDIGO, sb. and adj. Obs. Ken. Sur. Hmp. Also
written blendigo Hmp.
1. sb. A shower of rain.
Ken., Sur. RAY (1691).
2. adj. Cloudy.
Hmp. HOLLOWAY.
BLANDISH, sb.1 Rxb. (JAM.) The grain left uncut
by careless reapers, gen. in the furrows, during a kemp
[contest].
BLANDISH, sb.2 Rxb. (JAM.) Flattery.
Rxb. Wha canna read your flimsy riddle O' blandish vain ? A.
SCOTT Poems (1805) 131.
BLANGE, v.1 and sb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Also written
blenge w.Yks.2 ; bleng Dur. ; blonge, blondge w.Yks.
[bland?, blonds;, bleng.]
1. v. To mix.
Dur. Ah cud bleng a pancake, card' n' spin, EGGLESTONE Betty
Podkin's Lett. (1877) 12. w.Yks. T' barns started o' blongin' [treacle
and flour] together, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Dec. 13, 1890) ; Cabbage,
an' turnips, an' carrits all blondged together. Common in Wilsden,
ib. (Oct. 31, 1891) ; w.Yks.2 Shoe's blonged 'em [the furniture]
all together. eXan.1
BLANGE
[288]
BLARE
2. sb. A mixture.
w.Yks. We bed a blonge at dinner-time, Leeds Merc. Siippl.
(Dec. 13, 1890).
[1. Backbiting talk that flattering blabs know wily how
to blenge, TUSSER Hush. (1580) 190.]
BLANGE, v.2 Lan. [Not known to our correspondents.]
Used imprecatively. Cf. blame, v.
Lan. Blange thee . . . where arta from ? CLEGG David's Loom
(1894) iv.
BLANK, sb.1 Som. Dev. Also written blenk, blonk,
blunk Dev. A spark from a fire. Cf. blanker.
w.Som.1 At a recent fire at a farm a man said to me: Luuk'ee
dhu ween wuz tuudh'ur wai, uuls t-wid u bloa'd dhu blangks rait
daewn een taap oa dhu aay rik [lucky the wind was the other way,
else it would have blown the sparks right down upon the hay-rick].
Dev. GROSE (1790) JUS. add. (C.) ; The fire was blazing so that
the blanks fell on the thatch, Reports Provinc. (1884) 12.
[Cp. MDu. blenk, a sparkle (OUDEMANS) ; G. blinken, to
sparkle.]
BLANK, v., sb* and adj. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lin.
[blank, blorjk.]
1. v. To disappoint.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. Aw fand maw-sel blonk'd when te Lunnin aw gat,
THOMPSON (c. 1816) Canny Newcastle; Nhb.1, Dur.1, n.Yks.2
2. sb. A disappointment.
Cum. A yung man expectit a greet fortune, an' didn't git it ; it
was a greet blonk for him (E.W.P.).
3. adj. Disappointed.
n-Lin.1 When he didn't cum she did look sum blank.
[1. All former purposes were blaunked, SPENSER State
Irel. (1596) in Wks. ed. 1869, 655. 3. Th'old woman wox
half blanck those wordes to heare, SPENSER F.Q.\\\.\\\. 17.]
BLANKER, sb. Obsol. Cum. Som. A spark or ember
of burning wood, straw, &c. Cf. blank, sb.{
Cum. FERGUSON Northmen (1856). Som. A comin vrom the
plow-veel I zee tha blankers rise, JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng,
(1825) 128; W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885);
[At a trial for arson] witness stated ' no blanker ' could fly in a
certain direction. Spectator (Feb. 16, 1895).
BLANKET, sb. Irel. Yks. Chs. Lin. Sus.
1. In phr. It 's as braid as it 's lang, like Paddy's blanket,
it is no matter which of two ways a thing is done. N.I.1
2. In comp. (i) Blanket-fair, bed ; (2) -market, bed-
clothes ; (3) -pudding, a long round pudding made of
flour and jam. Cf. bolster -pudding.
(i) w.Yks. (J.T.) ; w.Yks.2, Chs.1 (2) w.Yks. T'missis called
dahn throo t'blanket market, BINNS From Vill. to Town (1882) 76 ;
Ah think we'll goa to t'blankit-markit (B.K.). (3} w.Yks.5, n.Lin.1,
e.Sus. So called from the paste being wrapped in folds, and cover-
ing the fruit as a blanket does a person in bed, HOLLOWAY. Sus.1
BLANKET LEAF, sb. (i) Stachys lanata, wound wort
(Dev.4) ; (2) Verbascuni thapsus (War. Dev.4).
BLANKET MULLEIN, sb. Chs.13 Verbascum thapsus,
great mullein.
[So named from its woolliness ; cp. G. wollkraut.]
BLANKS AND PRIZES, phr. Shr. A dish of beans
and bacon chopped up and mixed together.
Shr. The beans are the blanks, the meat the prizes, BOUND Prov.
(1876) ; Shr.1 To prepare this popular dish, the bacon must be cut
into ' dice,' fried, and then poured with its ' liquor ' into the ready-
boiled beans.
BLANSCUE, sb. Som. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] A catastrophe, an unforeseen accident.
Som. Now, jitch a horrid blanscue as what happened at Shapick,
niver could a bin but vortha hungry houns, JENNINGS Obs. Dial.
w.Eng. (1825) 130; W. & J. Gl. (1873).
BLANTER, sb. Obsol. Irel.
1. A particular kind of oats, long in the ' pickle,' and late
in ripening.
n.Ir. Grown on sandy soil more than half a century ago. I. Magee
farmers still use it (S.A.B.) ; N.I.1 Ant. I have heard farmers say
that the meal of newer kinds of oats had not the same strength of
flavour as the ' good old blanter' (W.J.K.).
2. Food made from corn, such as porridge, bread, &c.
n.Ir. Applied to stiff stirabout (S.A.B.). Ant. Said of one who
is big, stout, and strong, ' That yin has been fed on the blanter,' or
' He has agreed well with the blanter ' (W.J.K.). s Don. SIMMONS
Gl. (1890).
BLARE, v. and sb.1 In gen. dial, use in Irel. and Eng.
Also written blaar Nrf. ; blaaye Brks.1 ; blair n.Yks.12
ne.Yks.1 m.Yks.1 w.Yks.5 Chs.3 Cmb.1 ; War e.An.1 Nrf.1
Ken.1; blear w.Yks.1 Chs.23 n.Lin.1 Sur.1 ; bleyar I.W.1;
bliare Dor.1; blur Wil.1 [bier, blea(r), blia(r).]
1. v. Of animals : to bleat, low, bellow, bray.
Cum. Yon puir cauves blarin' fit to rive ther throats (M.P.) ;
Cum.1 He blares like a billy gwoat. Yks. (K.), n.Yks.1 e.Yks.
Summat i' middle o' rooad, at was soft and hairy, . . . blared at
him, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889)33, neXan.1 sw.Lin^The lambs
were blaring about. e.An.1 Suf. A man in describing the noise
made by a mule said, ' That don't blare, n'it that don't hummer,
(C.T.) ; Them there beasts are always blaring after the cabbages,
YOUNG Annals Agric. (1784-1815); (F.H.); Suf.1, Ken.1, Sur.1,
Hmp.1 I.W. Hark how the rantipikes are blaring (C.J.V. 'l; I.W.12
Wil. SLOW Gl. (1892). Dor.1 While they da trot, an' bliare, 175.
Som. SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885) ; The sheep da blake, th'
bullicks blare, PULMAN Sketches (1842) 20, ed. 1853. w.Som.1
Dhai bun blae'ureen au'l z-mau'rneen [they have been bellowing
all the morning],
Hence Blaring, (i) vbl. sb. the lowing or bellowing of
cattle, the bleating of sheep ; (2) ppl. adj. bellowing,
bleating.
(i) Lin. STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes (1884) 317. n.Lin.1 Nrf.
The blaarin" o' the owd bull, SPILLING Giles (1872) 78. Suf.
GROSE (1790^. (a) Nrf. The blaring cow will the sunest forget
her calf, Prov. (W.R.E.)
2. To cry, weep, lament ; to roar.
Nhb. At what he said, aw could hae blair'd, WILSON Pitman's
Pay (1843) 49; Then aw started to blubber an" blare, ROBSON
Evangeline (18701 336 ; Nhb.1, n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1 Whist, wi ya ;
what's ta blairin aboot? m.Yks.1, w.Yks.5, Chs.1 23, Hrt. (H.G.),
Cmb.iJ.D.R.) Nrf. (E.M.); (W.H.) w.Nrf. What are yer blarin'
for, moher ? (looking at his wife shedding tears copiously), ORTON
Beeston Ghost ( 18841 16. Nrf.1 Snf. (F.H.); Suf.1 Ess. [Some]
cross brats set-up a-blarin", CLARK J. Noakes (1839") 29; Gl. (1851).
I.W. (J.D.R.S, ; I.W.2 The wold dooman [sic] went sniffen and
blaren about the place like a wold cow. Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863).
Hence Blaring, vbl. sb. crying aloud, roaring.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. I've been se blind wi' blairin that aw scarce ken
what to say. GILCHRIST Sngs. (1824) 6; Nhb.1, w.Yks.1, n.Lin.1,
u. Be'..-. A.C.1 Snf. Now then bor, stop that there blaring, wul ye ?
(M.E.R.) ; ' What a blaring you keep ! ' says a mother to her cry-
ing child, CULLUM Hist. Hauisted (1813).
3. To speak loudly, to shout in a rude or angry manner.
s.Don. SIMMONS Gl.(iSgo). Nhb. (W.G.N. ; Nhb.1 Cum. (M.P.),
e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 Lan. DAVILS Races ( 1856) 266. Chs.1 Not I
wish he wouldn't come blarin' about o' that 'ow, among the hounds
(L.C.M.). Lin. Then what hev ye coom blairin' and bletherin' here
fur? Gilbert Rugge (1866) II. 188. Brks.1 Cmb.1 Don't blare
out like that when you're spoken to. Ken. (W.F.S.) ; If the
horses stop eating the men blare out at them (D.W.L.) ; He
blared at me right acrassde street (P.M.). ne.Ken. (H.M.) s.Hmp.
She blared at the little mayd like a polecat, VERNEY L. Lisle
(1870) III. 32. n.Wil. What d'ye want to blur't out like thot vur ?
(E.H.G.) Wil.1 w.Som.' Dhae'uru wauz, blae-ureen lig u guurt
beol [there he was, raving like a great bull]. Dev. Yfl should 'ave
ayerd um blare ! They blared an' hollied till they purty nigh bust
theirselves, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892).
Hence Blaring, vbl. sb. loud talking, noisy, senseless
talk.
Not. (L.C.M.\ nXin.1, Nhp.12, War.2
4. To let out secrets, to ' blab.'
n.Yks. Common amongst older inhabitants. He went and blared
it all out to t'missus (R.H.H.) ; n.Yks.2
5. To protrude, thrust out the tongue ; also used of the
eyes.
Dur.1, n.Yks.12 m.Yks.1 Don't blair your eyes out at me.
w.Yks.24 ; w.Yks.5 An impudent and ill-trained child ' blairs out'
its tongue to the passers-by.
6. Of gas, &c. : to flare.
War. (J.W.R.) Glo. Common (H.S.H.) ; Glo.1
Hence Blaring,///, adj. glaring.
War. The blaring hot sun (J/W.R.) ; War.2 Glo. In common
use (H.S.H.) ; (S.S.B.)
7. To wander about, to rush about, esp. in phr. blaring
and staring.
War.2 Glo. In common use (H.S.H.); What bist a blearin
about for ? What bist a blarin and starin thur for ? (S.S.B.)
BLARE
[289]
BLASH
8. sb. The bleating of sheep ; a loud cry or shout.
Nhb. Aw set up a blare For God to preserve him, Tyneside
Sngstr. (1826) 8, ed. 1889 ; Aw gat, for an answer, a greet ugly
blare, MIDFORD Coll. Sngs. (1818) 36 ; Nhb.1 It answered wiv
a groanin blair, ROBSON Hamlick, Prince o' Denton (c. 1870).
e.Yks. The lambes will bee able to master the ewes . . . and knowe
theire blares, BEST Rur. Econ. (1641) 81. Lin. THOMPSON Hist.
Boston (1856) 699. e.An.1
9. A fuss, ' to do,' disturbance.
n.Yks. What tha making sich a blare about ? (R.H.H.)
[1. To blare, to bellow like a cow, PHILLIPS (1706) ;
Blare, mugire, SKINNER (1671) ; The kyne . . . wente on
blearynge, COVERDALE (1535) i Sam. vi. 12. 2. Blare,
clamitare, SKINNER ; The worthies also of Moab bleared
and cried for very sorow, COVERDALE Is. xv. 4 ; Bleren,
ploro, fleo, Prompt., ed. Pynson (1499). 5. Lingula . . .
a long ridge running into the sea, like a toong blearing
out of the mouth, Nomendator (1585) 399 (NARES) ; (Ye)
blcare out youre tonge, COVERDALE 7s. Ivii. 4 ; The knave
bleareth his tonge at me, le villayn ne me fait que tirer la
langue, PALSGR. (1530). 6. To blare, to sweat, or melt
away, as a candle sometimes does, PHILLIPS. Cp. Du.
blaren, to lowe as a cowe (HEXHAM); Bremen blarren, to
cry, to weep ( Wtbch.) ; Holstein blaren, to weep (Idiotikon);
LG. blaren, blarren, blaren, to weep aloud (BERGHAUS) ;
Flem. bleeren, to low (SCHUERMANS).]
BLARE, sb.2 Nhb. e.An. A paste made of tar and
pitch, used for caulking the seams of boats, &c.
Nhb.1, e-An.1
BLARNEY, sb. and v. Irel. and in gen. colloq. use.
1. sb. Persuasive talk, flattery, humbug.
Ir. O'Grady's powers of 'blarney,' LEVER Jack Hinton (1844)
vi ; Blarney — all blarney! ib. Martins (1856) I. xxi ; (G.M.H.)
s.Ir. You think to come over me now with the blarney, LOVER
Leg. (1848) II. 403. Yks. Let's 'ev na mahro'thi blahny (W.H.).
Nrf. They come and uttered their blarney to me, SPILLING Giles
(1872) 26. Slang. TAYLOR Wds. and Places (1885) xvi.
2. Comp. Blarney-stone, in phr. to have taken a lick of
the Blarney-stone, to have the gift of flattery or persuasive-
ness.
Ir. A certain stone in the walls of Castle Blarney in Co. Cork,
the kissing or licking of which is fabled to convey the gift of
blarney (G.M.H.).
3. v. To flatter, persuade ; to wheedle.
Ir. I suppose you are going to blarney the constituency, LEVER
Martins (1856) II. xxvii ; Arra, what are you blarneying about?
McNuLTY Misther Of Ryan (1894) xiii ; (G.M.H.) Lan. Oh, dunnot
blerney me wi' thy foine speeches, STATON Rivals (1888) 3. Der.
Blarney um up a bit, and tell 'em I'm i' favour o' good roads,
Wkly. Telegraph (Dec. 22, 1892) 12.
Hence (i) Blarneyfied, adj. wheedling, flattering; (2)
Blarneying, vbl. sb. flattery, humbug.
(i) Cant. Cut no more blarneyfied whids, AINSWORTH Rookw ood
(1834) bk. v. i. Ir. 'Lettin' on," 'romancing a bit,' and 'just
humbuggin',' with a little blarneying and sluthering thrown in,
BARLOW Idylls (1892) 242.
BLART, j/.1 and sb. Yks. Chs. Stf. Der. Not. Lei. Nhp.
War. Wor. Also written blaat Yks. Lei.1 Nhp.1 ; blaht
Yks. s.Chs.1 se.Wor.1 ; blaut Der. Lei.1 [blat.]
1. v. Of sheep and cattle : to bleat, low, bellow.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Oct. 10, 1891) ; w.Yks.1 Chs.1 Aw
dunna loike hear a cauf as is allus blartin ; Chs.3 s.Chs.1 A cow is
said to blaa-t aaf'tur ur kau'f [blaht after her cauf]. s.Not. What's
that theer yo [ewe] blartin' about? (J.P.K.) Not.1, Lei.1 Nhp.1
There's a mess o' sheep blarting. War.3 The cows are blarting,
we shall have rain. se.Wor.1
Hence Blarting,///. adj. bleating, bellowing.
w.Yks. A blaatin' can sooin forgets her cauf, Prov. in Brighouse
News (July 23, 1887). Stf.2 A blartin korf soon fargets its modhar.
2. To cry, lament ; to roar.
Chs.1 Stf.l ; Stf.2 Moi litl an'z gotn dh' bali-eik, an'z blartin
til it weli meiks mi croi. Der. (H.R.), nw.Der.1 War. What ar'
yer' blartin at ? (J.B.) Wor. He was blartin away for all the world
like a babby, Why John (Coll. L.L.B.)
Hence Blarting, vbl. sb. the crying or whining of a
child.
War. Stop that child's blarting (J.B.) ; War.3 Now then, you
gret booby — ain't you ashamed of blarting like a wench ?
VOL. I.
3. To cry out, make a noise ; to scold, rate.
Chs.1 Oo blarted aht a-singin. s.Chs.1 Lei.1 Ah thowt shay
wur coom out to blaut. War.2, se.Wor.1
4. To let out a secret, to spread abroad news or scandal.
Chs.1 Nah, dinna thee blart. s.Chs.1 Nhp.1 A gossiping, chat-
tering female is always blaating about. War.23
5. sb. A loud noise ; meaningless talk.
w.Yks. Them wod-be-friends o' t'poar ; ther nowt else bud shirt
an' blart, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1874) 19 ; Bud all they sed shoo
knew wor blaht, ib. (1873) J8. s.Chs.1 A parent will tell his crying
child to 'uwd iz blaa-t' [howd his blaht].
6. In phr. to be on the blart, to be scolding or rating.
War.3 She is always on the blart.
BLART, v?- Dml. QAM.) [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] To fall flat in the mud.
BLASED, pp. Sc. Written bleezed (JAM.), [ble'zd,
bli'zd.] Of milk : turned sour, but not coagulated. Cf.
blink.
Sc. Biased milk, bladded milk, CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes (1870)
386 ; (JAM.) Per. (G.W.)
BLASH, sb.1 Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lin. Lei. In
form blosh Lei.1 [blaj, Lei. bio/.]
1. A splash or dash of liquid or mud.
Sc. Ye've gotten a' yon blash o' cauld kail, DICKSON Kirk Beadle
(ed. 1892) 82 ; She cuist a great blash of water into the pot (JAM.).
Cum. A blash ! a pull ! Ye've hoald o' t'king o' fish, RICHARDSON
Talk (1871) 106, ed. 1876. Yks. They meead a bonny blash i'
t'dike, 5/>«r. Dial. (1839)9. n.Yks.2 w.Yks. (C.W.H.) ; Sheea gav
an extra blash, and sum o' t'watter went on tiv his feet, Yksnian.
Comic Ann. (1876) 45. n.Lin.1 Lei.1 Yo niwer heerd a sooch
a blosh.
2. A heavy fall of rain or sleet.
Sc. I ken we'll hae a blash o' rain, BEATTIES Parings (1801) a;
Snaws an' rains wi' sleety blash, A. SCOTT Poems (1808) 94. Slk.
The blusterin wund that brings naething but a cauld blash o' sleet,
CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) III. 189. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Yks. An
occasional ' blash ' of sleet driven in the face, Yks. Wkly. Post (Dec.
15, 1883). n.Yks. It com a great blash o' rain (I.W.) ; It's like
more blash (R.H.H.).
3. Puddle-water ; liquid, soft mud.
n-Yks.1 There's bin a vast o' rain through t'neeght ; t'rooad's
all iv a blash. ne.Yks.1 w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Oct. 17,
1891). n.Lin. Th' laane's all blather an' blash wi' th' snaw meltin'
(M.P. ; n.Lin.1 That foot-trod oher Mr. Peacock's wood-cloas' is
that full of blash, I niver seed oht like it.
4. Weak, trashy stuff; drink of poor quality.
n.Yks. Te we'ast in blash and dhrink, BROWNE Yk. Minster
Screen (1834) 1. 182 ; n.Yks.2 This isn't tea, it's nobbutblash. ' Dish-
clout blash,' poor, weak soup. ne.Yks.1 Ah can't sup sike blash.
Hence (i) Blash, adj. weak, poor, wishy-washy ; (a)
Blashment, sb. any weak liquor.
(i) Cum. It's o' lang o' that blesh yel, DICKINSON Cuntbr. (1876)
93. (2) Nhb.1 Wm.1 It's nobbet blashment ; it isn't fit to grind
an axe wi. w.Yks. He hev nea sick blashment [as churn milk],
it macks me belle wark, SEWARD Yorde's Cave (1801), in ELLIS
Pronunc. (1889) V. 612 ; w.Yks.1, sw.Lin.1
5. Nonsense, foolish talk.
n.Yks.1 It's a' blash. Niwer heed ; n.Yks.2, ne.Yks.1 e.Yks.1
Deeant talk sike blash. w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Oct. 17, 1891).
n.Lin. He gets thrif as much blash as if he was stannin* fer parli'-
ment (M.P.) ; n.Lin.1
6. Comp. (i) Blash-canter, weak liquor; (2) -kegged,
with a protuberant stomach, dropsical ; (3) -kite, (a) a
lover of liquids, a ' toss-pot ' ; (o) a noisy, nonsensical
talker.
(i) N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 (a) n.Yks.12 (3, o) n.Yks.2 (6) e.Yks.1
BLASH, v.1 Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lin. Lei.
War. In form blosh Lei.1 War.8 [blaj, Lei. bloj.]
1. To splash liquid or mud about, either by spilling it or
treading in it.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 He was Washed
fre heed to toe. Dur.1 Cum. Rworin', an' churnin', an' blashin',
RICHARDSON Talk (1871) 115, ed. 1886. Wm. T'wind gan ta
blaa, an blysht t'wattre ower es, Spec. Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 18 ;
T'waves blasht sea dowly, SOUTHEY Knitters e' Dent (ed. 1865) 33 ;
Wm.1 n.Yks.1 T'bairn's blash'd ma' gooan a' ower. T'watter
blashes oot i' t'can, every step thoo taks ; n.Yks.28 ne.Yks.1
e.Yks.1 Tak care, or else thoo'l blash that watther all ower floer.
w.Yks.1; w.Yks.8 Slashed an' blathered through head to foil.
Pp .
BLASH
[290]
BLAST
n-Lin.1 If yi swill waiter aboot i' that how, you'll blash th' wall
roots all oher. Lei.1 The reen bloshed agen the winder. War.3
2. To have to do with water as a seaman ; hence fig. to
toil slavishly.
n. Yks. He'll niver ha nowt but what he blashes i t sea lor, LIN-
SKILL Bet. Heather and ff. Sea (1884) xx; The current Whitby phrase
descriptive of a seaman's life, ' he blashes for his living,' ATKINSON
Maori. Parish (1891) PreJ. 9; n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 What he has got, he
has blash'd for. ' Ay, ay ! her poor fellow may weel blash,' an
allusion to the wife's extravagance. m.Yks.1 I'll blash no more
for nobody. w.Yks. Of a hard-working person it will be said that
she is ' Washing at it from morn to night,' and the woman herself
will declare that she may ' blash ' herself to pieces, Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (Oct. 17, 1891).
3. To drink to excess, to soak.
Sc. To blash one's stomach (JAM.). n.Yks.2 Always blashing.
Hence (i) Slashed, pp. drunk, stupefied with drink ; (2)
Blasher, a great drinker.
(i) Cum. He mappen . . . wadden't see if we chanc't to be
rayder blash't like, RICHARDSON Talk (1871) 5, ed. 1876. (a)
n.Yks.2
4. To suffer from chafing of the skin, consequent on
much exercise in hot weather.
w.Yks. I'm blasht, I can hardly bear to walk (B.K.).
BLASH, sb.2 and v? Yks. Lan. Chs. [blaj.]
1. sb. A flash, a sudden blaze or flame. Also fig.
w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. Lan.1, e.Lan.1 Chs.1 Light sticks of no use for
agoodfire — 'only make a blash.' s.Chs.1 'A blash under the pot 'is
said of a sudden and momentary show of spirit. I chucked 'em aw
upo' th' fire — eh, what a blash they made — a regilar Bunbury blash,
as they sen (s.v. Deck).
2. Comp. (i) Blash-boggart, an apparition appearing
and disappearing like a flash ; also used fig. of persons
who are wild or strange in appearance ; (2) -coke, soft
coke made at the coal-pits for steel smelters ; (3) -oven,
an oven in which ' soft cokes ' are made from coal.
(i) Lan. What a blash-boggart he looked, AXON Flk-Sng. (1870
50 ; Lan.1 A gradely blash-boggart ! Aw use't to think he slept
among th' coals, WAUGH Sneck-Bant (1868) ii. (2, 3) w.Yks.2
3. v. To blaze, to flare up suddenly ; to set ablaze.
Lan. Un made urn blash feire till aw thowt ther wur a hundred
gasleets doancin afore um, STATON Loominary \c. 1861) 60. e.Lan.
An iv aw do blash eawt id'll be to late to sleek mo then, ALMOND
IVatercresses, 27. m.Lan.1 His een blashed fire. s.Chs.1 A fire
into which some paraffin had been thrown was said to ' blash ' up.
4. To make public, to reveal secrets.
n.Yks.1 She's bin an' blashed it a' ower. It's toon's talk noo.
w.Yks. Tell her nowt, fer shoo'll blash it aht to t'first body shoo
meets, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Oct. 17, 1891).
BLASHY, adj. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lin.
Lei. Nhp. War. In form blashly Cum. ; bloshy Lei.1
War.3 [bla-Ji, blo-Ji.]
1. Of weather : rainy, wet, gusty. See Blash, v.1
Sc. Simmer's weet or winter's blashy thaw, A. SCOTT Poems
(1808) 115. Lnk. Thro' driftin' snaw, an' blashie sleet, HAMILTON
Poems (1865) 103. Slk. Like sae mony blashy shoors o' sleet,
CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) III. 97. Gall. In cauld blashy
weather, HARPER Bards (ed. 1889) 108. Dur.1 n.Yks.1 It's bin
straange an blashy, all on, fora bit, noo ; n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1 It's a
blashy tahm been. e. Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788). w.Yks.5
e.Liii. How maazing blashy was the morn, BROWN Lit. Laur. (1890^
64. Nhp.1
2 Wet, muddy, splashy, sloppy.
N.I.'jN.Cy.1 Nhb. Their streets are like wors — braveand blashy!
MIDFORD Coll. Sngs. (1818) 68; Nhb.1 Cum. 'Blashly' is rather
more emphatic than ' blashy.' ' Cauld, blashly land,' applied to
a farm in a high situation, and undrained condition (M.P.). n.Yks.1
It's blashy deed, gannan' alang t'rooads, sike weather. e.Yks.
MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788). w.Yks. Tharr's sa mitch rain o'
t'Fogg ... it maks it blashy, LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882)
v ; Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Oct. 24, 1891) ; w.Yks.1 n.Lin.1 Th' road
fra Gunness to Burringham's blashier noo then iver I seed it. Lei.1,
Nhp.1 War.3 You can't get on them fields [to work], they're too
bloshy.
3. Thin, poor, weak, watery.
Sc. Thae blashy vegetables are a bad thing to have atween ane's
ribs, Blackw.Mag. (1820) 154 (JAM.). N.Cy.1 Nhb. Te get blawn
out wi' blashy tea, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) 58 ; Nhb.1, Dur.1,
Cntn.1 n.Yks.1 Puir blashy stuff. ne.Yks.1 Ah thinks this tea's
nobbut blashy. w.Yks.5, nXln.1, sw.Lin.1, Nhp.1
4. Frivolous, silly, over-talkative.
n.Yks.2 A blashy body. e.Yks.1 We've had tweea sooats of
blash te neet— fost blashy teea an then blashy talk. w.Yks. Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Oct. 24, 1891).
BLAST, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
1. A spell of weather, either fine or foul ; esp. long-
continued frost. Also in comp. Blast-time.
e.Yks.1 You'll hev a fair blast H gan heeam in, MS. add. (T.H.)
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Oct. 24, 1891). n.Lin. The sparra's
was starved to dead i' the ivy yon long blast-time (M.P. ; n-Lin.1 It
was a tedious blast, it lasted tho'teen weaks. sw.Lin.1 A blast
clapped in after Christmas.
2. An explosion of fire-damp in a pit.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. The fiery blast cuts short wor lives, WILSON Pit-
man's Pay (1843) 34 ; Nhb.1 There were about 30 persons slain by
a blast, Compleat Collier 1 1708) 45. Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr.
Gl. i 1888).
3. A smoke, a whiff of the pipe.
Sc. JAM.), Ayr. (J.F.), N.I.1 s.Wxfc Here I can har'ly get
a bit in me pipe to get a blast, Fenian Nights in Shamrock Mag.
i Apr. 29, 1894) 502. Nhb. Leet thy pipe, And take a blast o' baccy !
N. Minstrel (1806-7 pt- >v. T> ', Nhb.1 A cup, and blast o' baccy,
WILSON Washing Day (1843).
4. A faggot or branch of dry furze, used for ' blasting
out ' the oven. See Blast, v. I. 2.
w.Som.1 U blaa-st u vuuz[a blast of furZe]. Cor. She generally
put a good blast into the chimney, FORFAR Wizard (1871) 46.
5. Blight, mildew.
s.Wxf. The blast came on the p'tates (P.J.M.). nXin.1, Nhp.2
Hrt. Blasts, blights, and strokes [of wheat], ELLIS Mod. Husb.
\ 1750) VI. i. Suf.1 Wheat mildewed or blighted, is said to have
got the blast.
6. A sudden attack of illness, a stroke ; a chill.
Abd. (W.M.'i Kcd. But now his father took a blast, BURNESS
Garron Ha' (c. 1823*1 "5- ".Wxf. The poor man got a blast
(P.J.M.). w.Yks. He has been warned of the danger of getting
a blast, HAMILTON Nugae Lit. (1841) 314.
7. An external inflammation, a gathering or tumour in
some places attributed to witchcraft, or the action of
fairies.
Ir. If his child became consumptive, it had been overlooked,
or received a blast from the fairies, CARLETON Traits Peas. (1843)
I. 383. s.Ir. CROKER Leg. (i86a) 155. n.Yks. Ah've got a blast
in my eye (B.K.). w.Yks. (S.K.C.) ; (J.T.) ; Leeds Merc. Suppl.
(Oct. 24, 1891 , ; w.Yks.2 Chs.1 He's getten a blast on his thumb.
There are many old women who profess to cure blasts. Hrf.2
Dev. GROSE ,1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Dev.3 One suffering from
ophthalmia is said to have a blast in the eyes. Cor.1 I caught a
blast in my eye ; Cor.2
[5. Blast, an infectious or malignant air, a blight, ASH
(1795). Cp. Blasting: Nielle, blasting or mildew whereby
corn, &c., is withered or burnt up, COTGR. ; Blasting,
which is a corruption happening to hearbes and trees by
some euill constellation, MARKHAM Countrie Farms (1616)
313. 7. A blast in the eye, BOORDE Breuyary, in Furnivall's
Forewords, E.E.T.S. (1870) X. 96.]
BLAST, v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
I. 1. To pant, to breathe hard.
Abd. Twa shepherds out of breath, Rais'd like and blasting,
Ross Helenore (1768) 22, ed. 1812. Fif. Ye needna rin as ye were
chas'd, And blast and blaw wi' sic a blatter, TENNANT Papistry
(1827) 8.
2. To blow up a fire ; to feed a fire with furze or wood.
Cf. blast, sb. 4.
n.Yks.1 Blast the fire up ; n.Yks.2 Blast it up wi' t'fire-cods
(s.v. Fire-cods). Dor. N. & Q. (1852) ist S. v. 375 ; (C.W.B.)
w.Som.1 In our Hill country ovens are heated with wood fires, and
to cause the fuel in the oven to blaze well is ' to blast out the
oven.'
3. To smoke a pipe.
Ayr. (J.F.) Rxb. While Grizzy at the fire was blastin', RUICKBIE
Wayside Cottager (I&OT) 109.
4. Of a gun : to miss fire, to flash in the pan.
w.Som.1 The darn'd old gun blasted, else I would a-had a fine
shot. Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) n.Dev. Guns niver bias,
in ould Death's wars, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 100.
BLASTHOGUE
5. Of cattle : to inflate, to swell in the stomach.
War.3 Dor. The sheep have blasted theirselves, HARDY
Madding Crowd (1874) xxi. w-Som.1 Dhu kaewz v-u-broakt eervtu
dhu yuung- graas, dhai ul zeo-n blaas dhurzuul'z neef [the cows have
broken into the younggrass(clover ,, they will soon blast themselves].
Hence Blasting, vbl. sb. the name given in Rxb. to the
disease among cows, called cow-quake. (JAM.)
6. Fig. To boast, to brag ; to use strong, exaggerated
I language on any subject.
Sc. I'm no gien to blast, Saxon and Gael (1814) I. 100 (JAM.) ;
This chield was blasting awa' to them on the hill side, SCOTT Old
Mortality (1816) xiv ; It was better, I ween, than blasting and
blawing and swearing, ib. St. Ronan (1824) xxviii.
Hence Blaster, sb. a boaster, bragger ; one who exag-
gerates. (JAM.)
7. In phr. to blast up one's eyes, to cast up the eyes in
astonishment.
Dev. w. Times (Mar. 5, 1886) a, col. 2 ; Dev.1 Drawing out his
hands, and blasting up his ees to the gurt oaks, a.
n. 1. To blight, shrivel.
Wm. Yon tree's bin blasted wi' leetnin (B.K.). nXin.1 Th'
wheat i' th' plantin' cloas' is blasted wi' mildew. Suf.1 [Corn is
said to be blasted when it is poor and thin in the ear, WORLIDGE
Diet. Rust. (1681).]
Hence Blasted, pp. Of a cow's udder: dried orshrivelled
by inflammation. Lei.1
2. Used imprecatively ; also in comp. Blast-nation, sb.
Wm. Blast yer impident feeace (B.K.). Brks.1 I.W.1 Blast-
nashun seyze thee.
[I. 1. Je souffle is to blaste with ones mouthe, PALSGR.
n. 1. To blast, rubigine ferire, COLES (1679) ; Bruiner, to
blast or burn with hot mists, COTGR.]
BLASTHOGUE, sb. Irel. Flattery, delusive talk,
' blarney.'
s.Ir. He has a power o' blasthogue about him, LOVER Leg. (1848)
II. 276. s.Wxf. I've heard too much ov your blastogue a'ready
(P.J.M.).
[Cp. Ir. blasda, feigned (O'REILLY).]
BLASTIE, sb. Sc. [bla'sti.] A shrivelled dwarf ; an
ill-tempered or unmanageable child or animal ; a term of
contempt. See Blast, v. II.
Sc. An' how the blasties did behave When dancing at the lang
man's grave, TRAIN Poet. Reveries (1806) 18 (JAM.). Ayr. What
cursed speed The blastie's makin', BURNS To a Louse, st. 7. Gall.
Ye senseless, menseless blastie, CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (1895) 281 ;
Ye . . . shairny blastie o' the byres, ib. Cleg Kelly (1896) xliv.
BLASTY, adj. Sc. Gusty, stormy.
Ayr. The weather was blasty and sleety, waxing more and more
tempestuous, GALT Provost (1823) 177 (JAM.). Edb. A clear starry
night, in the blasty month of January, Mom Mansie Wauch (1828 1 xi.
(On a suddeyn thee doors winds blastye doe batter,
STANYHURST Aeneis (1582) 84.]
BLATCH, sb., adj. and v. Glo. Hmp. Wil. Dor. [bhetj,
blatj.]
1. sb. Dirt, soot, smut.
Glo.1 WU. That is all over blatch, BRITTON Beauties (1825) ;
Thee's got a blatch on thee face (E.H.G.) ; WU.1 Thuc pot be ael
over blatch. Dor.1
Hence Blatchy, adj. sooty, smutty, dirty.
Glo. GROSE (1790) ; Gl. (1851) ; Glo.1
2. adj. Black, sooty. Hmp.1, Wil.1
3. v. To blacken, smirch with black.
Glo. You have blatch'd your face, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) ;
Glo.1 Wil.1 Now dwon't 'ee gwo an' blatch your veace wi' thuc
thur dirty zoot.
[OE.blcec, ink; also as adj. black. Cp. Attramentorium,
blacche-pot, Metr. Voc. (c. 1500) in Wright's Voc. 628.]
BLATE, adj. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Chs.
Der. Cmb. (?) Also written bleat Sc. Cum. Wm. ; blaet
Sh.I. ; blait Sc. ; bleit n.Cy. ; bleate, bleatt Cum. ; blert
Chs.12 [blet, bliat]
1. Shy, bashful, timid.
Sc. A loom purse makes a bleat merchant, RAY Prov. (1678)
356 ; A blate cat makes a proud mouse, RAMSAY Prov. (1737) ; My
damsel with the raven locks is young and blate witha', CUNNING-
HAM Sngs. (1813) 53; Gin ye kent what was doing at hame,
I trow ye wad look blate, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads (1806) I. 163 ;
I hate To gar fouk think I'm speirin' blate, ALLAK Lilts (1874) 16 ;
[291]
BLATHER
They were all in such a hurry, too, that she felt biate to question
them, WHITEHEAD Daft Davie( 1876) 213, ed. 1894 ; Onypuirbody
o'our acquaintance that's blate for want o' siller, SCOTT Old Mortality
(1816) Hi. Abd. The gilpy stood and leuk't fell blate, SKINNER
Poems (1809) 3. Rnf. I sing how Jock maist dee't for Kate, He
was sae bashfu' and sae blate, And coudna speak his mind, HARK
Poems (1861) 186. Ayr. But blate and laithfu' scarce can weel
behave, BURNS Cotter's Sat. Night (1785) st. 8. Lnk. I have often
heard, ' Hech me, ye're no blate,' N. & Q. (1873) 4th S. xii. 415.
Slk. For though no blate, I howp I hae a' life-lang had a sense o'
decency, CHR. NORTH Nodes (eA. 1856) IV. 64. Gall. My conscience !
. . . was he no' blate to say that to ministers, CROCKETT Stickit
Min. (1893) 27. N.I.1 n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.12 Nhb. Death
o' late hez no been blate, OLIVER Local Sngs. (1824) 8 ; She was
never blate to own ye, MARSHALL Sngs. (1829) 5; Nhb.1, Dnr.1
Cum. But I was daft for been sea varra bleat, GRAHAM Gwordy
(1778) i; I' God's name step forret ; nay, dunno be bleate,
ANDERSON Ballads (1808) 67 ; Look dashed and blate wi' nought
to say, BLAMIRE Poet. Wks, (ed. 1842) 191 ; Gl. (1851). Wm.
GIBSON Leg. and Notes (1877) 91. n.Yks.1 He's ower blate for
owght. T'lassies has t'kittle him; n.Yks.2, m.Yks.1, Chs.12,
Der.1 O&5. Cmb. Alone he could not go, he was so blate, N. & Q.
( 1873) 4th S. xii. 523 (?). [(K.)]
Hence (i) Blate, sb. one who is shy; (2) Blaitly, adv.
bashfully; (3) Blateness, sb. shyness, bashfulness,
awkwardness.
(i) Dmf. The blate look spruce, MAYNE Siller Gun (1808) 16.
Nhb. Ye'll soon understand How we tice baith the blate and the
slee, Coquetdale Sngs. (1850) 112. (2) Sc. (JAM.) (3) Sc. ' It's
jist blateness.' 'Just what?' ' Shyness,' corrected the laird, TWEED-
DALE Moff (1896) 69. Ayr. If you dinna fail by your own blateness,
GALT Entail (1823) iv. Gall. She disna appear to be troubled wi'
blateness, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) xii. Nhb. It wasn't, mind,
because aw'd rued, But blateness at a knotty case, WILSON Pitman's
Pay (1843*1 45 ; Nhb.1
2. Dull, unpromising.
Abd. That were my hogs to a blate fair to ca', Ross Hclenore
(1768) 59, ed. 1812 ; It's blate, blate, hereaboot, ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb (1871) vi ; He's nae a blate scholar (G.W.).
3. Fig. Of grass, corn, &c. : backward.
Cld. A blait braird. That grass is looking blate. Things are
looking unco' blate (JAM.).
[1. If they have supt e'er I come in I will look wondrous
blate, Robin Hood (c. 1600), ed. Ritson, I. 99. 2. Thpw
salbe maid blait, bleir eit, bestiall, DUNBAR The Flyting
(c. 1505) 256, in Poems, ed. Small, 19.]
BLATE, v. Sc. Yks. Lin. War. Also written blait,
bleat w.Yks. ; bleet Sc. ; bleit w.Yks. [blet, bliat.]
1. To bellow, to roar ; to make a noise ; to talk wildly,
to rave. Cf. blare, blart.
Sc. Where the buck's bound, there he maun bleet, RAMSAY
Prov. (1737). N.Cy.1 Yks. You can 'ear 'im across t'road,
blaatin\an' singin' like a girt bull-cauf (F.P.T.). w.Yks. Aw
nivver tried to sing it but once. . . . An' as Mally ax'd me what aw
wor blatin' abaat, aw'd niwer tried it sin, HARTLEY Grimes' Trip
(1877) 85 ; Chaps at blayted at him so fast wor t'bidders, Pudsey
Olm. (1877) ai ; ' Shut up ! ' blates Alderman Waud, Saunterers
Satchel (1877) 31 > 'What says ta?' he snapped at me, ' Tha'rt
bleatin,' SNOWDEN Web of Weaver (1896) viii ; w.Yks.12; w.Yks.4
What are ta blating at— what's t'matter with tha ? e.Yks.1 Ah
nobbat gav him a labile tap, an he blate oot as athof ah was killin
him, MS. add. (T.H.) Lin. There stood the lion, all soa grim, I said
' Wur he alive he'd blate,' BROWN Lit. Laur. (i 890) 44. n.Lia l, War.3
Hence (i) Blate, sb. noise ; (2) Blating, ppl adj. noisy,
roaring.
(i) w.Yks. 'Hod thi blait,' I said, Yksman. (1881) 154. (a)
w.Yks. Thear wor peeas wi that blatin crew, PRESTON Poems
(1864) 31 ; A blatin' clarinet player, Yksman. (1875) 4.
2. To obtrude the tongue.
w.Yks. Blatin' ther fork'd tungs aht, Wadsley Jack ^1866) xvii.
BLATHER(S, sb.1 Sc. Irel. and all n. and midl.
counties. Also e.An. Sus. Hmp. Som. Amer. Also
in form bladder nw.Der.1 Som. ; blatter Sc. ; blatther
N.I.1; bledder Cum. Yks. Lan.1 nw.Der.1; blether(s in
gen. use; blother nw.Der.1 Not. sw.Lin.1 Lei.1; bluther
m.Yks.1 ; blutter Bnff.1 [bla'oXr), ble'oXr).]
1. Empty, noisy, or unwise talk ; flattery, nonsense.
Sc. But maist likely that was maist all blethers to get round me,
OLIPHANT Lover and Lass, 332. Bnff.1 Kcd. Stop yer blether,
p p a
BLATHER
[292]
BLATHER
Shaw yersel' a man o' pluck, GRANT Lays (1884") 37. Dmb. Hoot,
blethers! I ken it's a' imagination, CROSS Disruption (1844) xxiii.
Ayr. Jeanie was fonder of outgait and blether in the causey than
was discreet, GALT Provost (1822) ix ; Stringing blethers up in
rhyme For fools to sing, BURNS Vision, st. 4. Lnk. What's gram-
mar?— Blethers, a wheen silly havers, FRASER Whaups (1895' iii.
Ir. He'd gabbed on galore, any blathers come into his head, BARLOW
Bog-land (1892) 179. N.I.1 Nhb. Jaw'd a heap o' blether, ROBSON
Evangeline (1870) 355; Nhb.1, Cum.1, n.Yks.23 m.Yks.1 Thou
is making a bluther of it ! w.Yks. Ben hed read soa mich blather,
Yksman. (1876") 44; w.Yks.25 Lan. End this jinglin' blether,
WAUGH Sngs. (1866) 82, ed. 1871 ; Lan.1, n.Lan.1 I.Ma. Come,
lay down, and no blather, CAINE Deemster (1887) 218. Chs.1 He's
getten nowt — nobbut pride an' blather. s.Chs.1 Stf.2 'El dunna
know what 'el's seein'gf 'is toime ; 'el's a' blether. nw.Der.1 s.Not.
(J.P.K.) Lin. Folk talks o' draaning fen, and such blather, FENN
Dick d1 the Fens (1888) iii. n.Lin.1, sw.Lin.1, Lei.1 War.2 ; War.3
What a blather you children are making. Shr.1 Som. W. & J.
Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 Oa-1 dhee blad-ur! [hold thy jaw !]
Hence (i) Blatheration, sb. foolish talk; (2) Blather-
dash, sb. nonsense ; (3) Blatherer, 56., (4) Blather-erra,
sb. a foolish talker ; (5) Blath(e)rie, fa) sb. foolishness,
deception, (b) adj. talkative; (6) Blatherment, sb. idle,
noisy talk; (7) Blather(um)skite, sb. nonsense; a foolish,
noisy fellow.
(i) Dmf. His poetry's no worth a groat, It's only bletheration,
QUINN Heather Untie (ed. 1863) 145. e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.)
(2) Slk. Most empty bladderdash, CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856)
I. 221. Rxb. (W.G.) (3) Bnff.1 Stf.2 Ar owd mon's a reg'lar owd
bletherer. (4) Uls. Jones is nothing but a blather-erra (A.J.I.).
(5, a) Sc. Wha only deals in bletherie, DONALD Poems (1867) 82.
Lnk. Frae ilka vice and blaidry free, RAMSAY Poems (ed. 1800) 44
QAM.). Ayr. I'll no fash mysel' ony mair wi' this world's pelf and
blathrie of it, GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822) xcvii. (b) n.Yks. She's
a windy bladdery woman (I.W.). (6) n.Yks. Ah doubt Ah sal
be tiring o' tha wi' all this bladderment, TWEDDELL Ctevel. Rhymes
(l87S)5°- nita.1 s.Wor. An old man said, at the confusion of the
Rosebery administration, ' Then us a bee -at un,o' thur blutherment'
(H.K.). w.Som.1 Twuz noa-urt bud a blad'urmunt [a windy
harangue]. (7) Sc. He's an awfu' blatherumskite, CROCKETT Cleg
Kelly (1896) 146 ; Gang on yer gait, ye blatherskate, Sng. Maggie
Louder; (W.G.) Ir. Wid your little black book full o' blatherem-
skyte, BARLOW Bog-land (1892) 132 ; (R.M.Y.) Nhb.1 Cum. He
is too much of a blatherskite to care for philosophy, Carlisle Patriot
(Oct. 7, 1887). ne.Yks. (M.C.F.M.) I.Ma. Blubbering cowards!
Aw, blatherskites, CAINE Deemster (1889) 59. Not.1, Lei.1, War.3
[Amer. He was such a manly fellow, and no blatherskite DELANO
John Ward (1889) i.]
2. Noise of any kind ; the lowing of a cow or calf.
Sc. Allo cam out wi a blatter, DONALD Poems (1867) 166. Frf.
A blatter of wind and rain drove the door against the fireplace
BARRIE Licht (1893) vi. Fif. Blast and blaw wi' sic a blatter
TENNANT Papistry (1827) 8. Dmf. Gun after gun play'd blitter
blatter, MAYNE Siller Gun (1808) 90. Gall. Down near the blatter
of the sea, CROCKETT Raiders (1894^ iii. n.Lin.1
3. A heavy fall.
N.I.1 He fell a blatther on the groun".
4. One who talks or behaves foolishly.
Sc. There will be Tarn the blutter, RAMSAY Tea-Table Misc
(1724) I. 85, ed. 1871. Bnff.1 Lnk. What does the blether think
Britain's made o' ? VfARDRop J.Matfiison (1881)31 Wet (AW)
n.Ir. N. & Q. (1873) 4th S. xii. 479 ; (R.M.Y.) ; N.I.1
5. Cotnp. (i) Blether-breeks, a braggart idle fellow ; (2)
•breens (3) -chops, (4) -guts, (5) -head (-yed), a noisy
fool ; (6) -headed, foolish, noisy ; (7) -lugs, a babbler,
tell-tale ; (8) Bladder-mouth, see -head ; (9) Blether-tail,
(10) -tongue, see -lugs.
(i) Nib.1 (a, 3, 4) Stf.2 (5) Cum. A bigger set o' blether-heids
never met under one roof afore, DALEY Mayroyd (1880) 88 n Yks
(l.Vf .), ne.Yks.» w.Yks. Here we see a gurt hard-handed
bleethereead rowlm i' riches, Yksman. (July, 1878) 10 ; w.Yks.35
Lan. Tis seme nabob must be an iknorant bledderhyed, WALKER
Plebeian Pol. (I796) 51, ed. 1811 ; Lan.1 Eh ! what a blether-yed
tnae art : when wilto give o'er talkin'. n.Lan. (W H H ) Chs *
Stf.2, nw.Der.»,Not. (J.H.B.), niin.1, Lei.1, War.3 w.Som.1' Wur'-z
dhee man-urz? yu guurt blad-ur ai'd ! [where are thy manners?
you great bladder-head !] (6) Abd. What dare ye say, ye bladder
headed ass, Either to me, or yet about my lass ? SHIRREFS Poems
(1790)111. e.Yks.1 nwJJer.1 Sns., Hmp. HOLLOWAY. (7) n.Yks.2
(8) w.Som.i Usually • guurt blad-ur maewdh.' The consequent
adj. blad-ur maewdhud [bladder-mouthed] is also very frequently
heard. (9) Cum. He can keep nowght, a greet bleddertail (J.D.).
(10) w.Yks.5
6. Phr. Blethering Tom, the whitethroat, Sylvia cinerea.
Rnf. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 33.
[The same as Blather, v.1]
BLATHER, v.1 Sc. Irel. and all n. and midl. counties ;
also Mtg. Glo. Cmb. Som. Aus. Also in forms bladder
Som. ; blatter Sc. Irel. N.Cy.1 Nhb. n.Lin.1 Aus. ;
bledder Cum. ne.Lan.1; blether in gen. use; blither
Den; blodder Wm. ; blother w.Yks.15 ne.Lan.1
nw.Der.1 Not. sw.Lin.1 Nhp.1 War.3; bluther Nhb.
e.Yks. ne.Yks.1 ; blutter Bnff.1 e.Lan.1 fbla'Salr),
ble-oXr), bla-da(r), ble'da(r).]
1. To talk foolishly, indiscreetly, or noisily, esp. to brag,
to tell tales.
Elg. I needna blether aboot the thing ye ken, TESTER Poems
(1865) 138. Bnff.1 A taul' 'im a' aboot it. ... He jist geed
into the neist door, an' bluttert it oot amo' thim a'. Rnf. In faith,
she wadna hold her tongue, But loud an' lang she blethered, ALLAN
Poems (1836) Jenny Whisky. Ayr. Some are busy bleth'rin Right
loud that day, BURNS Holy Fair (1785). Edb. Tammie had gotten
his drappitkie ... so he blethered on from one thing to another,
MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) xv. Ir. Jim Gallaher had been
blatherin' about goin' after the macker'l, BARLOW Kerrigan (1894)
144. N.I.1 s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890). N.Cy.1 Nhb. Dinnit stand
bletherin like a thick-heeded cull, BAGNALL Sngs. (c. 1850) 23 ;
Nhb.1 Cum. Dost think I duddent know that afore I saw thee,
that thou must be blodderen oot ' It's a bad neet ' ? CAINE Shad.
Crime (1885) 18. Wm.1, n.Yks.12, ne.Yks.1, e.Yks.1 w.Yks
Hlfa. Wds.; w.Yks.13 5 Lan. He'll blether an' talk about it o'
winter, BRIERLEY Marlocks (186^ 31 ; What arto bletherin' about?
WAUGH Heather, 244. ne.Lan.1, e.Lan.1 Chs. An' so he goes
abeawt bletherin' an' argyin', YATES Owd Peter, x. s.Chs.1 Stf.2
Well, thel co'st blether ! Der. What did the imp come blitherin'
and botherin' there for? VERNEY Stone Edge (1868) i. nw-Der.1,
Not (J.H.B.) s.Not. A woman's no call to goo bletherin' an'
blawtin' about (J.P.K. ). swXin.1, Nhp.1 War. There you go
blatherin, GEO. ELIOT F. Holt (1866) I. 202; (J.R.W.) Shr.1 'E
blathers an gosters all day lung; Shr.2 Brks. Doant'ee kep
blethering about fairings, HUGHES T. Brown (1856) ii. Cmb.1
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng. (1869).
mig w LWU uicumiug auiu wives, OCOTT \jia mor-
tality (1815) xiii ; The Southron read out of their auld blethering
black mess-book there, ib. Nigel (1822) vii. Bnff.1 Ayr. Thou
ne'er took such a bleth'ran b-tch Into thy dark dominion, BURNS
Ep. on Noisy Polemic. Lnk. Wha could thole their bletherin'
mouth, THOMSON Musings (1881) 34. njr. (A.J.I.) n.Cy. Hear
that blethering chap miscaaing the Eskdale folk, CUNNINGHAM
Border Sketches ^894) iii ; N.Cy.1 A person who says much to
little purpose is called 'a blathering hash.' Nhb. Then what use
wad the noodles be ? Wi a' thor blethrin jaw, WILSON Sngs. (1890)
48 ; Nhb.1 Cum.3 A lawyer neist, wi' bletherin' gab, Sng. Jenny's
Bawbee, n. Yks.1, w.Yks.5 Lan. But Hamlet's a crazy bletherin'
foo, ASHTON Basin 61 Broth, 24. I.Ma. You great blethering oma-
thaun, CAINE Manxman (1894) xxi. s.Chs.iSoa-un Soa-)z uter-abl
blaadh-Orin fel-fl [So and So's a terrible boastful fellow]. Stf.2
Der. A bletherin windy chap, WARD David Grieve (1892) I. vi
Not. (L.C.M.). War.23 (2) Bnff.1, n.Ir. (R.M.Y.), n.Yks.1, m.Yks.1
2. To make any disturbance or commotion ; to cry out.
Sc. The win's blew, an blatter'd agayne that house, HENDERSON
St. Matt. (1862) vii. 27 ; I wish ye wadna blatter the table, BARRIE
Thrums ( 1 889) xv. Ayr. The rain blattered, the windows clattered,
GALT Provost (1822) xxiv. Gall. He will gar them blatter and
leeze upon the burning coals of hell ! CROCKETT Moss-Hags (1895)
xxii. ne.Ir. To make a loud clattering noise by striking with sticks,
cabbage stocks, &c., against people's doors after dark, and then
running off. This custom, though fast wearing out, is still practised
by boys on the Eve of All Hallows, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
N.Cy.1 Nhb. The bayrne was blutherin and slverin leyke a drownin
whelp, BEWICK Howdy (1850) 14 ; Nhb.1, Dnr.1 Cum. He
bledder d, od-white te', tou's broken my shins, HUTCHINSON Hist.
,"*"•( ' 794) IJ- 323. Wm.1, aYks.1 e.Yks. NICHOLSON Flt-St.
•889) 53 ; e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 7,
1891) ; w.Yks.1 He blother'd an slawer'd like onny bull cauf, ii.
' ?;YkS-S Lan' He blatthers and slivvers, RIDINGS Muse (1853)
i thunner blethurt like a great nowty lad, BRIERLEY
ne-Lan.1, e-Lan.1, m.Lan.1 sian. BAMFORD Dial.
BLATHER
[293]
BLAY
(1850) Gl. Chs.13, Der.1 Not. Look at that fool blethering about
[galloping and jumping unnecessarily, out hunting], he'll break his
neck (L.C.M.) ; (J.H.B.) Lin. Then what hev ye coom blairin'
and bletherin' here fur? Gilbert Rugge , 1866) II. 188; STREAT-
FEILD Lin. and Danes (1884) 317. n.Lin. SUTTON Wds. ^1881) ;
n.Lin.1 Lei.1. Nhp.1 War.2 ; War.3 How the sparrows are a-blather-
ing. Shr.2 Mtg. What's Jack blethering at ? I'll strap him, if he
dunna give over (E. R.M.). Cmb.1 [s.Qnslnd. Blattered away
wildly with his revolvers, NISBET Bail up (1890) xli.]
Hence (i) Blethered, pp. foamed, bellowed ; (2) Blether-
ing, ppl. adj. noisy, weeping ; (3) Bluthering, vbl. sb. noise,
loud weeping.
(i) w.Yks.1, Nhp.1 (2) Lnk. Blatterin' rain, an' rattlin' hail,
HAMILTON Poems (1865) 102. Lth. Angry Boreas lourly skirling,
Drave his blatt'ring hailstanes dour, BRUCE Poems (1813) 167.
Cum. A blethering long-tongued fellow (J.P.). w.Yks.2 Not.3
A blethering cow soon forgets her calf. s.Not. Goo an' stop that
blotherin cauf (J.P.K.). sw.Lin.1 (3) Gall. Amid the blattering
of the snow, CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (1895) bk. n. i. e.Yks. NICHOL-
SON Flk-Sp. (1889) 53 ; e.Yks.1 Let's he' ne mair o' that blutherin
an beealin. w.Yks. BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865); Shut up wi thi
bletherin', TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Clock Aim. (1874) 41.
3. To talk indistinctly. N.I.1, Glo.1 *
[ON. blafira, to talk indistinctly, to talk nonsense ; cp.
Sw. dial, bladdra (RiETz), Norw. dial, bledra, blcedre
(AASEN).]
BLATHER, sb.2 Sc. Yks. Lin. Also written bladther
ne-Yks.1 ; blatter n.Yks. e.Yks. w.Yks.12 n.Lin.1 ; blether
n.Lin.1; bluther Sc. n.Yks.12 ne. Yks.1 m. Yks.1 sw.Lin.1
Cf. batter. [bla'tSa(r), ble-fefr), bla;ta(r).]
1. Soft mud, dirty rubbish of any kind.
n.Sc. Any kind of liquid or semi-liquid substance, usually either
dirty or disgusting (W.G.). n.Yks. Wariver azta bin ? dhus splash't
Olouar wi blatar (W.H.). ne.Yks.1, e.Yks.1 w.Yks. T'ducks hed
nibbald ameng t'blatter, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1861)
51 ; Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.1* nXin.1 Well, ther' is sura blether upo'
them theare Gloucestershire roads ! sw-Lin.1
Hence Blatherment, sb. mud, slime, adhesive dirt.
n.Yks.12, ne.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 swim.1 I'm getting some of this
old blatherment off the road.
2. Batter, a thin mixture of flour, milk, and eggs for
pudding, or pancakes.
n.Yks. A think wil av a blatar pudin [Yorkshire pudding] tadg
(W.H.). e.Yks. ' Batter ' is known as ' blatther,' NICHOLSON Flk-
Sp. (1889) 53. w.Yks. Ah'm noane bahn to eyt that mak o' blatter
(^.B.) ; Pancake Tuesday al hev it sleeves rowl'd up ... an"
mixin' t'blatter, Bairnsla Ann. (1867) 8 ; Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.2,
aLin.1
Hence Blattery, adj. thin, semi-fluid.
w.Yks. (JE.B.)
3. Foul weather ; a spell of bad weather. Cf. blawthir.
Bnff. It's jist a perfit blaather o' weather. Cf. 'It's dirt o'waader'
,
Hence Bluthrie, adj. wet, stormy.
Bnff. It's bluthirie kin' o' weather (W.G.).
BLATHER, v* Sc. Yks. e.An. Also written bludder
Sc. ; bluiter (JAM.) ; bluther Sc. Yks. e.An.
1. To besmear with mud, blood, or tears. Cf. blubber.
Abd. For bleed frae's mou' and niz did bang, And in gryte burns
did bludder His face that day, SKINNER Poems (1809) 6, ed. 1859 ;
Gin . . . drunken chapins bluther a" his face, SHIRREFS Poems
(1790) 42. e.Yks.1, e-An.1, Nrf.1
2. To blot in writing. e.An.1, Nrf.1
3. To make untidy or foul.
n.Yks.2 'It bluthers it's meat,' said of a calf, that pushes its nose
into its gruel and blows it about.
Hence (i) Blathered, ppl. adj., (2) Blathery, adj. muddy,
splashed, wet ; defaced.
(i) Abd. Bluddert now with strypes of tears and sweat, Ross
Hclenore (1768) 27, ed. 1812. e.Sc. The first ane [postmark] was
awfu' bluthered, SETOUN Sunshine (1895) 186. e.Yks.1 Ah'v getten
blather'd up tl my een (s.v. Blathery). (2) Bnff. This blaathrie
weather 'ill seen rot the stooks (W.G.). n.Yks. This is a blattery
mess (I.W.); n.Yks.1; n.Yks.2 It's blathery walking. ne.Yks.1
e.Yks. Rooad was all blathery, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 33 ;
e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Oct. 17, 1891) ; w.Yks.1
BLATHER, see Bladder.
BLATTER, see Blather.
BLAUD, see Blad.
BLAUKE, v. and sb. Wxf.1 Also written blauyke.
1. v. To cry out, as a sheep or calf; to bawl. Cf. blake.
2. sb. The cry of a kid or calf.
BLAUNCH, sb. Stf. Nhp. War. e.An. [bl^ntj.] A
blotch or white spot upon the skin.
Stf.1 Nhp.1 The child has such a rash, it's all in blaunches.
War.3, e.An.1
[In the neck thereof are two blanches, TOPSELL Serpents
(1607) 765. Cp. blanch, white, Fr. blanche, f. of blanc.]
BLAUNDERS, sb. pi. Yks. Der. Written blawnders
n.Yks.2; blounders Der.2 nw.Der.1 [blp'ndaz.]
1. Mucus, blowings from the nose. n.Yks.2
2. A disease in horses, affecting the respiratory glands ;
the glanders.
Der.2, nw.Der.1
BLAUTHY, see Bloaty.
BLAVER, sb. Sc. Nhb. (i) Campanula rotundiflora,
harebell ; (2) Centaurea cyanus, corn bluebottle.
(i) Twd. (JAM. s.v. Blawort). (2) Nhb.1
[It is possible that blaver may repr. in form Fr. blavier,
of or belonging to corn, or corn land (COTGR.). But there
are many Fr. names for the bluebottle wh. are der. fr. Fr.
dial, blave, blue, such as Wave, blavelle, blavet (cp. mod. Fr.
bleuet) ; see HATZFELD.]
BLAW, v. Cor. Also written bla, blawh. [bl§.] To
believe ; to fancy, imagine.
Cor. Ah ... wor theere, I reckon, and scores beside, I blaw,
TREGELLAS Tales (1860) 32, ed. 1865 ; That's a fine an' short bed.
I must crudley-up, I blawh, FORFAR Pentowan (1859) i ; Aw purty
temper sure nufif, I blaw, says I, Jimmy Trebilcock (1863) 15 ; In
common use (M.A.C.) ; Cor.2 95.
BLAW, see Blow.
BLAWCH, v. and sb. Yks. Also in form blotche.
[bl9tj.]
1. v. To gossip, to talk idly.
w.Yks. Quite common (M.F.) ; w.Yks.2
Hence Blawching, ppl. adj. noisy, talkative.
w.Yks. A greeat blawchin woman, BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865).
2. sb. Loud talking ; a noisy fellow.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Feb. 9, 1884) 8 ; BANKS Wkfld. Wds.
(1865).
BLAWORT, sb. Sc. Nhb. Also in form blawart,
blawirt, blaewort. [ble'-wart.]
1. The harebell, Campanula rotundifolia.
2. The corn bluebottle, Centaurea cyanus.
Sc. Wi' his dow'd nose as blue's a blawart, DRUMMOND Mucko-
machy (1846) 25 ; His poor wizened houghs as blue as a blawart,
SCOTT St. Ronan (1824) xx. Bnff. His face is as blae's a bllawvirt
(W.G.). Abd. As blue as blaeworts, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb
(1871) viii. nw.Abd. They're jist a blawirt blue, Goodioife (1867)
St. 20. Nhb.1
[Bla (see Blae) + wort.}
BLAWP, v. and sb. Sc. 1. v. To belch, to heave up
water QAM.). 2. sb. An accumulation of watery matter
under the skin. Ayr. (J.F.)
[A contr. of blaw up, equiv. to lit. E. blow up.]
BLAWTH, v. Dev. To blow.
Dev. The wind blauths one about, Reports Provinc. (1884) 12;
Dev.3 The wind blaw'ths za 'ard tez 'nuff to blaw ee awver tha
cliffs.
BLAWTHER, v. Yks. [bl9'tSa(r).] To bungle or
blunder ; to stumble.
e.Yks. Not common (R.S.) ; e.Yks.1
Hence Blawthering, ppl. adj. clumsy, awkward, blun-
dering.
e.Yks. A great blawthering fella (R.S.) ; e.Yks.1
BLAWTHIR, sb. Sc. Wet weather. Cf. blather, sb.2
Bnff.1 We've hid sad blawthir o' weather for a file back.
Hence Blawthirie, adj. very wet.
Bnff.1 The hail month o' Mairch wiz blawthirie kyne o'
weather.
BLAY, sb.1 O6s.? Ess. Ablaze.
Ess. Monthly Mag. (1814) I. 498; Gl. (1851).
BLAY, v. and sb.2 Irel. Yks. [ble.]
1. v. To bleat.
n.Yks.2 e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.) m-Yks.1
BLAZE
[294]
BLEACH
2. To shout. Wxf.1
Hence Blayeen, vbl. sb. shouting.
Wxf.1 Zitch blakeen, and blayeen, 84.
3. sb. The bleating of sheep.
e-Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.)
[1. The Iambs goe blaying up and downe, BRETON
Amoris Lacrimae (1598) 275 ; He knows not the bleaying
of a calf from the song of a nightingale, SIDNEY Wanstead
Past. (1591) 622 <DAV.).]
BLAZE, sb.1 Sc. Irel. Written bleeze QAM.), [blez,
bliz.]
1. In phr. (i) to put one's beard in a blaze, (2) to put in a
blase, to get into a rage.
(i) Sc. A wee thing puts your beard in a bleeze, RAMSAY Prov.
(I73?) ; This put MaeCullum More's beard in a bleize, SCOTT Rob
Roy (1817) xiv. (a] n,Sc. We pat 'im in a fine blaze fin we tellt
'im o's lass tackin up wi' the coo-bailie (W.G.). Ayr. My dis-
courses set up the theological weavers in a bleese, GALT Ann.
Parish (i8ai) iv.
2. A faggot. Wxf.1
3. A sudden blast of a dry wind. Fif. (JAM.)
BLAZE, sb* and v.1 Yks. Lin. Brks. Aus. [blez.]
1. sb. A white mark on a horse's face. Cf. bald.
Yks. If the mare has a bald face, the filly will have a blaze, Prov.
in Brighouse News (Sept. 14, 1889). w.Yks.2 Lto. STREATFEILD
Lin. and Danes (1884) 317. n-Lin.1, sw-Lln.1 Brks. [A mare] if
it wasn't for the blaze in her face, HUGHES Scour. White Horse
(1859) ii.
Hence Blazer, sb. a common name for a horse.
w.Yks.2
2. A mark made by slicing off a piece of the bark of a
tree.
sw-Lin.1 [Aus. She would more than once have missed [the
path] if it had not been for the blaizes or marks on the trees,
HARRISON Kara Yerta, xxi.]
3. v. To mark a tree by slicing off a piece of the bark.
nXin.1, sw.Lin.1 [Ans. He carefully followed the track of the
line of trees which had been blazed, PRAED Romance of Station
(1890) I. iv.]
[1. White face or blaze is a white mark upon horses
descending from the forehead, almost to the nose, Sports-
man's Diet. (1785) ; A black bull . . . with a fair square
blaze in his forehead, FULLER Pisgah (1650) bk. iv. vii.
Cp. MLG. blasenhengst, a horse with a white forehead
(ScHiLLER-LiJBBEN) ; MHG. blasse, a white mark on the
forehead of a beast (LEXER) ; so MDu. blasse (VERDAM) ;
Sw. dial, blassa (Rrerz), Norw. dial, blesa (AASEN).]
BLAZE, v.3 n.Cy. Yks. Lin. Dev. Also written bloaze
w.Yks.1
1. Of lightning : to strike. n.Lin.1
2. Fig. To flare up, to get angry.
Dev. Charles waxed angry and blazed red, BARING-GOULD Spider
(1887) xiii ; 'You cur!' exclaimed Hillary, blazing up, ib. xix.
M. Dev. Then tha wut chocklee and bannee and blazee, Extn. Scold
(1746) I. 233.
3. To catch salmon by torchlight, by striking them with
a dart or ' leister.' N.Cy.1
Hence Blazing, vbl. sb. catching salmon by torchlight.
w.Yks.1 T'surfeit he gat last Kersmas wi' bloazing, ii. 286.
4. Comp. Blaze-wig, a jocular term for an uproarious
old man.
n.Yks.2, m.Yks.1 w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl (Oct. 24, 1891)
BLAZE, v* Sc. Nhb. Yks. Der. Lin. Also Dev. Cor.
Written bleeze Sc. [blSz, bliz.]
1. To spread abroad news or scandal; also with pers.
obj. to calumniate.
Rnf. Syne blaze ane As soon's they turn their backs, TANNAHILL
Poems (1807) 84. n.Yks. An all round th' village it wer bleeazed,
CASTILLO Poems ( 1878) 20. Der.i= nw.Der.1 n-Lin.1 He blaazed
them mucky lees all thrif cuntry-side, he did. Dev. Ef you've
a-told Alice James about yer uncle . . . her'll be blazing it awl awver
tha place, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) ; He no sooner heard than he
blazed it, w.Times (Mar. 5, 1886) 2, col. 2. Dev., Cor. Monthly
Mag. (1808) II. 423.
Hence Blazing, ppl. adj. gossiping, slanderous.
n.Dev. Oil the neighbourhooden knowth thee to be
blazing tiltish hussey, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 43.
.
a veakine
2. To make a great bluster ; to brag, boast.
Sc. To sit there bleezing away with your tales, SCOTT Pirate
(1821) v; Ye're no to be bleezing and blasting about your
master's name. ib. Rob Roy (1817) xxvii. Dmb. He bleezes
away . . . like whins on fire, CROSS Disruption (1844) xiii. Abd.
He cam' hame fae the dominie's bleezin, ALEXANDER Johnny
Gibb (1871) xix. e.Lth. She was braggin an' bleezin awa aboot
their Free Kirk, HUNTER /. Inurick (1895) 94. Nhb. They're
bleezing aye o' what they'll do, Coquetdale Sngs. (1852) 60.
Dev. Whot's Bet blazing about now then ? — 'Tez the likes ov she til
holly za 'ard's "er can, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892).
Hence (i) Blazing, /#/. adj. blustering, boasting; (2)
Blazing-fou, adj. in that state of intoxication when one
becomes uproarious.
(i) Sc. Ye have ever loved to hear the blawing, blazing stories,
SCOTT Redg. (1824) Lett ix ; I neverwasa bleezing chiel, COBBAN
Andaman ',1895) xiv. (2) Bnff.1
[To blaze, to publish, to set or spread abroad, KERSEY
(1715) ; He ... began to publish and to blase abrode the
word, RHEIMS (1582) Mark i. 45. Cp. MDu. blasen, to
blow a trumpet, to announce by the sound of a trumpet
(VERDAM).]
BLAZED, pp. Sc. Written bleezed. [bllzd.] In a
state in which intoxicating liquors begin to operate.
(i) Sc. He looked bleezed like (JAM.). Per. He was a wee
bleezed (G.W.). Ayr. Not common (J.F.).
Hence Bleezy, adj. affected in the eyes, as by alcoholic
excitement.
Sc. Their faces grew red, and their eyes bleezy, Fraser's Mag.
(1833) VII. 62. Per. Known, but not common (G.W.X Ayr.
(J.F.)
BLAZER, sb. Nhb. Yks. Written bleezer Nhb.1;
bloazer Yks. [blrza(r).] A hood or draught-tin put
before the fire to make it burn up.
Nhb.1 Put the bleezer up, and let's hev a lowe. n Yks (I W N
w.Yks. (JE.E.)
BLAZNICKS, sb. pi. Sc. Large and showy orna-
ments.
Bnff.1 He hiz great blaznicks o' braiss buttons on's jacket.
BLEA, see Blae.
BLEACH, v.\ sb.1 and adv. Sc: Nhb. Chs. Also
written bleech Sc. ; bleetch, blaych Chs.1 [blit/.]
1. v. To strike, to beat. Also of rain : to drive in.
Bnff.1 Nhb.1 Is your roof tight ?— It's aal tight, except when the
rain bleaches. Chs. I'll blaych yer sides (E.M.G.) ; Chs.1
Hence (i) Bleacher, sb., (2) Bleaching, vbl.sb. a severe
stroke, a beating about ; (3) Bleaching, ppl. adj. used as
adv. with intensive force ; cf. banging.
(i) Bnff.1 (2) Bnff.1 Nhb.1 Aa wis.oot iv aall the wet, and what
a bleachin aa gat ! (3) s.Chs.1 Ahy dii)nu lahyk dhem blee-chin
ot ruwms fur chee-z [I dunna like them bleachin' hot rowms
(rooms) for cheese].
2. To fall Hat.
Edb. He drove his head thro' a looking-glass and bleached back
on his hands and feet on the carpet, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) ii.
3. To wander.
Nhb.1 He's aye gan bleachin aboot.
4. sb. A blow, a stroke.
Bwk. Hit it a bleech Tarn Fish, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856)
85. Chs. I'll give thee a good bleetch, Sheaf(i&tf} I. 76; (E.M.G.);
Chs.1
5. adv. Violently, with a heavy blow.
Edb. Gave him such a kick and a push that he played bleach
over, head foremost, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) v.
[Prob. the same as ME. blechen, to hurt, injure. Huo
bet hejest ualb^ be zorer he him blecheth, Ayenbite (1340)
238. Norm. Pic. blechier, OFr. blecier (mod. blesser), to
wound (HATZFELD, s.v. Bleche).}
BLEACH, sb* Nhb. A black carbonaceous shale,
found in or near a coal seam.
Nhb. Borings (1881) II. 107 ; Nhb.1
[The same word as bleach, ME. bleeche, ink, shoemakers'
black. Atramentum, an" Bleche, Trin. Coll. MS. (c. uso)
in Wright's Voc. 566.]
BLEACH, sb? e.An.1 A drying-ground used for
'bleaching 'linen.
BLEACH, v* Chs.18 To cut a hedge. See Pleach.
BLEACHY
[295]
BLECK
BLEACHY, adj.1 Wil. Dor. Som. [blrtji.] Of water:
saltish, brackish.
Wil.1 Dor. It makes the stuff [rum] taste bleachy, HARDY Wes.
Tales (1888) 240. Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825);
W. & J. Gl. (1873).
BLEACHY, adj.2 Nhp. [blrtji.] Pale.
Nhp. Nodding lands of wheat in bleachy brown, CLARE Village
Mitt. (1821) II. 194 ; The mowers swept the bleachy corn, ib. Rur.
Muse U835) Io6-
[Bleach + -y. Bleach repr. ME. bleche, pale. Ac J;ou
sselt ueste, al huet (until) bou art bleche and Ihene,
Ayenbite (1340) 53. OE. blcec, pale, livid.]
BLEAK, adj. and sb. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Bdf. Hnt.
e.An. Also written bleek e.An.1 [bilk.]
1. adj. Pale, wan, sickly-looking.
Lei.1 Nhp.1 The child looks a good bit better, but it's very bleak
yet ; Nhp.2, War.3, Bdf. (J.W.B.) Hnt. I can't justly say as she
were well. She were looking so wankley and bleak, AT. & Q.
(1868) 4th S. ii. 295. e.An.1 [(K.)]
2. Sheepish. e.An.1
3. sb. The bleakness of the wind ; an exposed, wind-
swept position.
sw.Lin.1 It Stan's in the bleak here. The bleak catches it round
the corner. Standing in the bleak as they are. It's just on the
bleak of the hill.
[1. Bleak, pallidus, SKINNER (1671); Vertues steely bones
Lookes bleake i'th cold wind, SHAKS. All's Well, i. i. 115
(ed. 1623) ; This Iris hath his flower of a bleake white
colour declining to yellownesse, GERARDE Herb. (1597)
ed. 1633, 51.]
BLEAK, v. m. Yks.1 [bilk.] To talk in a noisy, empty
way. Cf. blake, v?
BLEAK-BLEAK, sb. Sc. The cry of the hare.
Abd. In spring and the early part of summer it utters its low
cry of ' bleak-bleak,' SMILES Sc. Natur. (1876) 106.
BLEAR, v.1 and sb. Sc. Yks. Lan. Also written bleer
Sc. ; blair Bnff.1 [bliar, blia(r).]
1. v. To obscure the vision ; also fig. to deceive, and in
phr. to blear the eye, to blind by flattery.
Sc. I want nane o' your siller ... to make ye think I am blear-
ing your ee, SCOTT Guy M. (1815) xxxix. Rnf. Flashes mair, mair
bleer't my e'e, NEILSON Poems (1877) 39. Lan. (J.L.)
Hence Bleared, ppl. adj. dim-sighted.
Sc. We hounds slew the hare, quoth the bleer'd messan, RAMSAY
Prov. (1737). Lth. When she saw him leading past, Ane bleared,
o' gipsey hue, BRUCE Poems (1813) 49 ; Sleeps a' day, and drinks
a' night, And staggers hame in braid daylight Bleerit an" scaur,
BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 68. Rnf. For I grew bleert and doited,
ALLAN Ev. Hours (1836) 12 ; Rab lookit as blear't as a houlit
When tryin' to glower at the sun, BARR Poems (1861) 89.
2. sb. In phr. to draw the blear over the eyes, to cheat, to
deceive.
Sc. Ojweel is he, ye wight baron, Has the blear drawn o'er his
e'e, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads (1806) I. 164. Bnff.1
3. An inflamed place from a draught of air upon the hot
skin ; in pi. traces of weeping.
Sc. Ye gang craz't, wi' bleers adoun yer cheeks, TARRAS Poems
(1804) 114. n.Yks.2
[1. His eyes be so bleared with drinkying that they be
as reed as a fyrret. ... He is nat in Englande that can
bleare his eye better than I can. ... I bleare, I begyle
bydissymulacyon, PALSGR. (1530) ; But, by my thrift, yet
shal I Were hir ye For al the sleighte in hir philosophye,
CHAUCER C. T. A. 4049. Cp. Bremen blarr-oge, an eye
dimmed with weeping; W«rre«,toweep (Wtbch^); Holstein
blaroog, blaren (Idiottkon) ; see also BERGHAUS.J
BLEAR, v.2 Cum. Yks. [blia(r).] To expose oneself
to the cold.
n.Yks.1 Blearing out in the cold, bareheaded and with no
happings ; n.Yks.2 They run blearing about without cap or bonnet.
m-Yks.1
BLEARED, ppl. adj. Sc. Of milk, porridge, &c. :
thin, of a bluish colour. Cf. bleery.
Sc. He went in to his supper of thin bleared sowins, HOGG
Wint. Ev. Tales (1820) 335.
BLEARY, adj.1 Sc. Irel. [blia-ri.]
1. Dim-sighted, watery-eyed. See Blear, v.1
Sc. Looks blirt and bleerie, DONALD Points (1867) 105. Frf.
Sae broken an' blearie, An' daivert an' drearie, . . . He sought i'
the houff, LAING Wayside Firs. (1846) 115.
2. In comp. Bleary-een, inflamed eyes. N.I.1
[He was bytelbrowed and baberlupped, with two blery
eyen, P. Plowman (c.) vn. 198.]
BLEARY, adj.2 Cum. Yks. [blia'ri.] Bleak, windy,
cold, showery.
Cum. Oh give me back my native hills, If bleak or bleary, grim
or gray, MACKAY Lost Beauties Eng. Lang. (.1874) 39; It's a terrible
bleary day (E.W.P.) ; Cum.1, n.Yks.2
BLEAT, adj. Glo. Ken. Sur. Sus. Wil. Also written
bleit, bleet Glo. [blit.] Cold, bleak.
Glo. This is a bleet place, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) Ken.
(K.) ; Ken.1, Snr.1, Sus.1
Hence Bleat, sb. bleak weather, coldness, chilliness.
Ken. You catch the full bleat of it [the wind] there (.W.F.S.).
Wil.1 A wur up at hill wi' the ship out in the bleat, an' a cudden
get into the succour nowur, 211.
BLEATER, sb. Sc. [blftar.'J The cock snipe.
Sc. The bleater came bumping from the moss, HOGG Queer Bk.
(1832) 42. Rxb. Thebobtailed bleeters o' the fells, RIDDELL Poet.
Wks. (1871) I. 246.
[So called from its bleating sound.]
BLEATING, vbl. sb. Hmp.1 [blrtin.] The noise
made by the wings of the snipe.
BLEAZE, sb. Pern. Also written bleeze. [bllz.] A
bladder.
s.Fem. LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 418 ; Bring the bleaze 'ere, I
want soom laard (W. M.M.).
[This repr. an OE. *blcese, a bladder ; cp. MHG. blase
(LEXER), OHG. blasa.}
BLEB, sb. and v} Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Win. Yks.
Lan. Stf. Der. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. Also written blib
Stf.1 [bleb.]
1. sb. A bubble, a drop of liquid ; a blister. See Blob,
Blibe.
n.Cy. (K.); GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.12, Nhb.1, Dur.1 Cum. Thy
chafts is o' covered ower wid girt blebs, DICKINSON Cumbr. (1876)
294 ; Cum.1 Wm. My feet have blebs on them (^B.K.) ; Wm.1
n-Yks.1 He hannles's tool agin he 'ad blebs ivhishaands; n.Yks.2,
ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788) ; Mah stockin had
all ruckt up i mi beeat, an raised a bleb o' mi heel, NICHOLSON
Flk-Sp. (.1889) 95; e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1. w.Yks.15 Lan.1 He scalded
hissel, an' his skin wur a' i' blebs. n.Lan. Thiar's a bleb razan a
mai hand(W.S.); n.Lan.1, ne.Lan.1, Stf.1, Der.1, Not.13, nXin.1,
Lei.1 Nhp. The spider's lace is wet with pinhead blebs of dew,
CLARE Remains (1873) 149 ; Nhp.1
Hence Blebby, adj. covered with blisters.
n.Yks.2 w.Yks. His hand was all blebby (H.L.).
2. //. An eruption of the skin, to which children are
subject. Lth. QAM.)
3. v. To bubble, to cover with drops of liquid ; to rise in
blisters.
Sc. Ye're blebbin' yoursel a' wi' your porridge (JAM.\ Wm.1,
n. Yks.2 m. Yks.1 w.Yks. A farmer said of Eno's Fruit Salt ' It fair
blebs i' my throit' (.C. W.H.) ; <J.T.) ; w.Yks.5 Blebb'd an' blistered.
Lin. He fill'd 'em [the glasses] up, the wine did bleb, BROWN Lit.
Laur. (1890) 70. Nhp. And bleb the withering hay with pearly
gems, CLARE Village Min. (1821) II. 84 ; Black-eyed bean-flower
blebbed with dew, ib. Remains (1873) 207.
[Bleb (not much used), a blister, ASH (1795) ; A bleb,
a blister, a blain ; also a bubble or bladder in the water,
BAILEY (1755); Bleb, Vesica, SKINNER (1671).]
BLEB, 9f n.Sc. QAM.) To drink, to sip. Hence
Blebber, sb. a tippler.
BLECK, sb. and v.1 Nhb. Yks. Chs. [blek.]
1. sb. Coagulated grease at the friction points of machinery
or the axle of a wheel. Cf. bletch.
Yks. Taken off the cart wheels or ends of the axle tree and kept
till it is dry [and] made up in balls wth which the taylors rub and
blacken their thread (K.). n.Yks.1 Thee's getten the-sel a' clamed
wi' cart bleck, honey! n.Yks.2 ne-Yks.1 Thoo mucky bairn;
thoo's gitten thi feeace daub'd ower wi bleck. e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1,
Chs.13
Hence Blecky, adj. clogged with cart-grease.
n.Yks. T'cart-wheels is varry blecky ; clean it off, and put some
more cart-grease on (I. W. ! ; I have never heard it from a mechanic,
except country blacksmiths. It is essentially rustic (R.H.H.).
BLECK
[296]
BLELLUM
2. Pitch or tar upon ropes. Nhb.1
3. v. To besmear with ' bleck ' ; to become coagulated,
as grease in a machine.
m.Yks. (T.S.), e.Yks.'
[1. Blecke, atramentum, LEVINS Manip. (1570) ; Blecke,
alramentum, Prompt. (Pynson's ed. 1499). Cp. Norw.
dial, blekk, ink (AASEN) ; ON. blek. 3. To blecke, nigrare,
LEVINS Manip.; To blek, atlramentare, Cath. Angl.
(1483)-]
BLECK, v.2 Sc. [blek.] To baffle, surpass. Cf.
blaik, v.
Abd. Sic follies vain, distress an" crimes, As bleck imagination,
STILL Cottars Sunday (1845) 174; He wud bleck's breeder ony
day, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) x. Slk. That blecks a' (JAM.).
BLEDDER, see Blather.
BLEDDOCH, see Bladoch.
BLEE, sb.1 Obsol. or obs. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Der. Lin.
1. Colour, complexion ; esp. in phr. to blench a blee, to
change colour.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. Bright shall ever be thy blee, RICHARDSON Bor-
derer's Table-bk. (1846) VIII. 163. w.Yks. WILLAN List Wds.
(1811). Der. Be blythe of blood, of bone, and blee, JEWITT
Ballads (1867) 12 ; All blackned the knight's blee, ib. 30. n.Lin.1
Only occurs coupled with blench. She niver blenched a blee,
whativer he said to her.
2. Gladness.
Lan. So I wentstridink owey, full o' blee, PAUL BOBBIN Sequel
(1819) 17.
[If all my blee be as bright As blossome on brere, York
Plays (c. 1400) 220 ; Thou art bryght of blee, Sir Eglamour
(CL 1400) Ixxx, in Thornton Romances (1844) 160. OE.
bleo.}
BLEE.s*.2 Yks. [bll.] A tear.
n-Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 A saut blee.
BLEE, adj. and sb.3 Rut. Nhp. Also written blea
Nhp.1 [bll.]
1. adj. Raw and cold. See Blae, adj.
Rut. (P.G.D.) ; Rut.1 Nhp. While on the bare blea bank do yet
remain Old Winter's traces, CLARE Village Min. (1821) II. 177 ;
Nhp.1 That garden lies full blee for the east winds.
2. sb. Bleak weather from an exposed quarter.
Rut.1 The wind an' the frostes makes fine work with the black-
berries, partic'lar where the blee comes.
BLEE, see Ely.
BLEEAN, v. Obsol. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Also
written blean Cum. n.Lan.1; blaan w.Yks.1; blane
n.Yks.1 ne.Yks.1; blain Cum. [bli'an.] To bleach or
whiten linen by exposing it a little to the wind without
letting it dry thoroughly.
Cum. LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 297 ; Said of clothes hung out
on a damp day, ' If they dunnet dry, they'll bleane, and bide less
dryin' by t'fire' (M.P.). Wm.1 T'cleeas ir nobbut just bleeant.
n.Yks.1 Tak' they cleeas oot and lay 'em on t'gerss t'bleean.
w.Yks.1 I'd nobbud brout in th' claaths at were just blaaned, ii. 287.
neXan.1
[Blee, dingy-coloured, grey (see Blae, adj.) + vbl. suff.
-en, as in whiten, vb.]
BLEED, v. and sb. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Nhp. Dor.
Som. Dev. Also written bleead n.Yks.2 ; blid Dor. Som.
Dev. [blid.]
1. v. To cover with blood.
Dev. She Weeded herself all over, Reports Provtnc. (1883) 82.
2. Of coal : to emit water through its pores.
Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
3. Of corn, &c. : to yield well.
Sc. The aits dinnae bleed weel the year, but the bleer bleeds
weel (JAM.). n.Cy. (K.); N.Cy.12, Nhb.1 e.Yks. Good free oates
that bledde well, BEST Rur. Econ. (1641) 52. w.Yks.1, Nhp.1
Hence Bleeder, sb. Of corn: that which 'bleeds' or
yields, producer.
Sc. A guid bleeder, an ill bleeder (JAM.).
4. In phr. to need bleeding for the simples, expressive of
great folly.
Lan. I's pity t'fellow that taks Bett for a wife, for I's sur' that
he'll need bleedin' for t'simples, 'EAVESDROPPER' Vill. Sketches
(1869) 56.
5. sb. In comb, (i) Blid and eyes, intensive phr.; (2)
— and ouns, an exclamation ; (3) — speech, a threat
of murder.
(i) w.Som.1 Aay uurn vurmee vuuree blid-n uyz [I ran as fast
as I could]. Wee wuurk vur ur blid-n uyz [we worked as fast as
we could]. (2) Dor. ROBERTS Hist. Lyme Regis (1834). Dev.
Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 423. (3) n.Yks.2 There was bleead-
speeach atween 'em.
6. An old or decrepit person ; a term of compassion.
Som. A person forlorn, sickly, or otherwise pitiable, is always
' a wisht poor blid,' ELWORTHY Evil Eye (1895) 16 ; W. & J. Gl.
(1873). w.Som.1 Poo'ur oal blid, uurs u-kairm maa'yn fraa'yul
[poor old body, she is come (to be) very frail]. Her auvis was a
whisht poor blid. Dev. Poor old blid ! he'th azeed his best days,
he 'ath, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892).
BLEEDING, vbl. sb. and ppl. adj. Irel. Wm. Won Glo.
Brks. Bck. Hmp. Wil. Som. Dev. [bli'din.]
1. vbl. sb. In comp. Bleeding-stick, a short round staff'
with which farriers strike the ' fleam ' in bleeding cattle.
w.Som.1
2. ppl. adj. Comp. in plant-names : (i) Bleeding-heart,
(a) Cheiranthus cheiri, common red wallflower ; (b) Die-
lytra spectabilis ; (c) Viola tricolor, heartsease; (2) -nun,
Cyclamen europaeum ; (3) -willow, Orchis morio.
(i, «) s.Wor. PORSON Quaint Wds. (1875). Glo.1, Brks.1 Wil.
Em-non Beauties (1835) ; Wil.1 (^Wm^w.Wor.^Glo. (J.S.F.S.),
Som. (F.A.A.), Dev. (c) Hmp.1 (a) Wxf. (3) s.Bck.
BLEER, see Blear.
BLEER Y, adj. and sb. Sc. Irel. Also written blearie,
bleirie.
1. adj. Of liquor : weak, thin in quality. Cf. bleared.
Fif. Bleirie ale GAM.). N.I.1 Bleerietea.
2. sb. Gruel, soup, &c., of a thin kind or quality.
Lnk. Oatmeal and buttermilk boiled to a consistence somewhat
thicker than gruel, and a piece of butter put into the mess QAM.).
Rxb. Water-gruel, ib. Ant. Ballymcna Obs. (1892).
[Boiling a bleary, which was no other than flour and
water, HENRY Camp. ag. Quebec (1812) 65 (N.E.D.).]
BLEEVIT.s*. Abd. (JAM.) Also written blevit. A blow.
BLEEZE, sb. Sc. [bliz.] A blow with the fist.
Rxb. If ye wunna be quiet, I'll wun ye a bleeze o' the mouth
(JAM.).
BLEEZE, see Blaze.
BLEFF, adj. e.An.1 Nrf.1 [blef.] Turbulent, noisy.
[Cp. Tirol blejfen, to cry, esp. of children (SCHOPF) ;
MDu. bleffen, to make a noise, to bawl, to bark (OUDEMANS) ;
Holstein blaffen, to bark (Idiotikon) ; so Bremen (Wtbch.).]
BLEFFERT, see Blififert.
BLEFFIN, sb. Lan. Also written bluffin Lan.1
[ble-fin.]
1. A block or wedge of wood.
Lan. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) ; Lan.1 e.Lan.1 Used for
raising the fore part of a cart while the contents are scraped out
behind.
2. Comp. Bleffin-head, a blockhead, a simpleton.
Lan. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Lan.1
[Bleff+-ing. Ble/fis doubtless cogn. w. blee (q.v.).l
BLEFLUM, see Beflum.
BLEG, sb. Sh.I. [bleg.] A wedge or pin for fastening
anything. Cf. bleffin.
Sh.i. (W.A.G.)
[Norw. dial, blegg, bl$yg, a wedge for cleaving wood
(AASEN).]
BLEG, see Blag.
BLEGDT, sb. S. & Ork.1 A wooden wedge for
keeping the hoe securely fixed to the haft. Cf. bleg.
[Sw. dial, blegd, a wedge (RIETZ); ON. blegdi (FRITZ-
NER).]
BLEGGY.sA. S. SOrk.1 A fish-bait.
BLEIB, see Blibe.
BLEIS, sb. Sc. The fish Leuciscus alburnus.
Sc. (JAM.) [SATCHELL (1879).]
[Pescherello, a fish called a bleise, FLORIO (1598).]
BLELLUM, sb. Obs. Sc. An idle chatterer.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Ayr. A blethering, blustering,
drunken blellum, BURNS Tarn o' Shanter (1790) 1. 20; Ev'rysour-
mou'd, grinnin' blellum, ib. To W. Creech (1787) st. 9 ; Blellum is
not used in ordinary conversation, perhaps never was (G.W.).
BLEMMLE
[297]
BLESSIT
BLEMMLE, v. Cum. [ble-ml.] To mix up fluid and
solid, as flour and water.
Cum. LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 297.
BLENCH, sb.1 and y.1 Chs. Stf. Der. War. [blent/.]
1. sb. A glance, a glimpse. See Blinch.
Chs. I just keetch a blench on it, Sheaf (1878) I. 60; Chs.1
I never caught a blench on ye ; Chs.3 I got a blench at a woodcock.
Stf.2 Just oz oi waz guin in, oi kort 3 blensh on im. nw.Der.1,
War.123
2. v. To glance. Chs.13
[1. These blenches gave my heart another youth,
SHAKS. Sonn. ex.]
BLENCH, sb.2 and v.2 n.Cy. Wm. Der. [blenf.]
1. sb. A fault.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). [Not known to our correspondents.]
2. v. To blind. Der.2, nw.Der.1
3. To spoil ; to cause to blister.
Wm.1 How t'sun has blenched that paint !
[Cp. the ME. forms blenschen, blenchen, for blemischen,
to blemish. Blenschyn (blemysshen, ed. Pynsen, 1409),
obfusco, Prompt. • Bihuld aboute on his bodi ;if it blenched
were ; whan he saw hit al sound, so glad was he, Wm. of
Pal. (c. 1350) 2471.]
BLENCH, v? Stf.1 [blentj.] To betray, to impeach.
[Abuten us he (Beelzebub) is for to blenchen, Pater
Nosier (c. 1175) 13, in Horn., ed. Morris (1868) 55. OE.
blencan, to deceive, cheat.]
BLENCHED, ppl. adj. Abd. (JAM.) Of milk : a little
sour. Cf. blink, v.
BLENCH-LIPPED, ppl. adj. Sc. (JAM.) Having a white
mouth.
Sc. She was lang-toothed an' blench-lippit, Blackw. Mag. (June,
1817) 238.
[Blench is an old Sc. form of blanch, white ; cp. blenche,
cane (JAM.) ; OFr. blanche, fem. of blanc.}
BLEND, v. and sb. Yks. Stf. Der. Not. Lin. [blend.]
1. v. To mix inextricably.
w.Yks. I once heard of a wag who 'blended' (i.e. mis-mated)
all the boots at a large hotel, thereby producing a somewhat
animated scene, Sheffield Leader (Mar. 1874).
2. Spinning term : to mix wool ready for manufacture.
w.Yks. (C.C.R.) ; (W.T.)
Hence Blending, vbl. sb. the process of mixing wool as
above.
[The operation of blending is performed partly by hand and
partly by means of machines called ' teazers ' and ' willeys," Gl.
Lab. (1894).]
3. sb. A parcel of mixed wool ready for manufacture.
w.Yks. A blend varies in size and weight from i pack upwards
(J.M.); (W.T.)
4. Comp. (i) Blend-corn, wheat and rye mixed; (2)
•father, hay and straw mixed ; (3) -metal, the iron from
which nails are made ; (4) -water, a distemper of cattle.
(i) Yks. GROSE (1790) ; MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). n.Yks.12,
ne.Yks.1, m.Yks.i w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. Der.1, Not. (L.C.M.) Lin.
STREATFEILD Lin. a«e/Z>a«es( 1884) 317. n.Lin.1 (2) w.Yks. Hlfx.
Wds. (3) Stf. (K.) ; Stf.» (4) w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.1
5. Fig. To bewilder, mislead, confuse.
w.Yks.2 Now don't blend me.
[4. (i) Vppon that ground sowe blend-corne, that is both
wheat and rye, FITZHERBERT Hush. (1534) 40.]
BLENDIGO, see Blandigo.
BLENDINGS, sb. pi. Nhb. Yks. [ble-ndinz.] Peas
and beans grown together in a crop as food for cattle.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Yks. MORTON Cyclo. Agric.
(1863) ; (K.) n.Yks. It will bring as good blendings, I dare say,
As ever grew a reaut in onny clay, MERITON Praise Ale (1684)
1. 117 ; Not far from Easingwold on the west, fallow, wheat, beans
rblendings, TUKE Agric. (1800) 107 ; n.Yks.i2, ne.Yks.1 e.Yks.
MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788) ; e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1
BLENGLANDS, sb. pi. Dur. Peas and oats.
Dor. BROCKETT, 43, MS. add. (W.T.)
BLENK, see Blink, Blunk.
BLENSHAW, sb. Frf. (JAM.) A drink composed of
meal, milk, water, &c.
[Fr. blanche eau, white water. For Sc. blensh= blanch
see Blench-lipped.]
VOL. I.
BLENT, v.1 Sc. (JAM.) 1. Of the sun : to shine after
the sky has been overcast. 2. Of fire : to flash.
[The form is prob. taken over fr. blent, an old pp. form
fr. blenk (to shine, gleam) ; see Blink, v.]
BLENT, v? Shr. [blent.] Pret. blended, mixed.
Shr.1 [Of brandy beaten up with egg] Ah blent it 6op as 'e toud
me (s.v. Noration).
[Then Sir Tristeram tooke powder forth of that box,
And blent it with warme sweete milke, King Arthur and
the King of Cornwall, 276, in Percy Folio MS., ed. Hales
and Furnivall, I. 73. Pret. of blend (vb.), q. v.]
BLESS, v. Var. dial, uses in Irel. and Eng. [bles,
blis.]
1. To charm or cure by incantation. Sometimes with
prep. Jor.
Som. To bless by making the sign of the cross on the part
affected, ELWORTHY Evil Eye (1895) 38. w.Som.1 Aay wiid-n keep
dhai dhae-ur wau'rts, neef aay wuz yiie'— wuy ! dh-oa'l dae-um
Sneok-1 bias um uwar vaur ee turaak-lee [I would not keep those
warts, if I were you — why ! the old dame Snook will charm them
away for you directly]. Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) ; You
bring the little maid to me. Her mun be fastin' and I'll bless her
and give her summut as'll make she all well, BARING-GOULD
Country Remedies in Sunday Mag. (Apr. 1895) 243. n.Dev. Bet
e'er zenz the old Jillian Vrinkle blessed vore tes pritty vitty, Exm.
Crtshp. (1746) 1. 559 ; Dick Sandercock yused to bless vur strains,
GILES in n.Dev. Jrn. vSept. 17, 1885) 6. nw.Dev.1
Hence Blessing, vbl. sb. a charm.
n.Dev. Som way I niver yused vur beleeve much in thayse
blessings, GILES in n.Dev. Jm. (Sept. 17, 1885) 6.
2. Used in exclamations of surprise, &c., freq. with the
words Lord or God. In gen. colloq. use.
Nhb. Bliss us! (sed the mistriss), BEWICK Howdy (1850) u ;
Nhb.1 Bliss me ! bairn, where he' ye been aall day ? Cum. Why,
bliss yer heart, ah'll know a' aboot it (E.W.P.). e.Yks. Bless us !
an ejaculation uttered after sneezing. m.Yks.1 w.Wor. Lord,
blass us an saave us, whaativer be the world a-comin' to, S. BEAU-
CHAMP N. Hamilton (1875) III. 278. Sus. Lor' blesh ye ! this is
the earth where that ould vixen lived, HOSKYNS Talpa (1857) 44.
3. In phr. (i) Blessed be the Maker, expression used before
or after detailing the personal defects of another ; (2)
bless o' barn, exclamation of surprise ; (3) to bless on the
wrong side of the mouth, to curse ; (4) bless the King and
all his men, exclamation of surprise.
(i) N.I.1 Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892). (2) n.Lan. Bless o' barn,
ivery yan was runnin'away wi' summat, MORRIS Siege o' Brouton
(1867) 4. (3) Glo. It's blessing o' the wrong side o' ers mouth as
er doos most on, BUCKMAN Darkes Sojourn (1890! ii. (4) w.Yks.5
Common when surprised and startled, as a mother when, having
stept out of the house for a few minutes, upon her return finds it
full of children whom her own have invited in.
BLESSED, ppl. adj. Sur. Emphatic for ' good.'
Sur.1 I should like a bit of that blessed pudding, my dear !
BLESSED THISTLE, sb. War. The plant Carduus
Marianus, Our Lady's Thistle.
[Blessed thistle, carduus benedictus, atracfylis hirsuta,
COLES (1679); Herbes to still in Sommer. i Blessed
thistle. 2 Betonye, TUSSER Hush. (1580) 96. The term
' blessed thistle ' has been applied to the Carduus Mariae
only by modern writers: Blessed thistle . . . from the
milk of the Virgin having fallen upon its leaves, as she
nursed the infant Jesus, PRIOR Plant-names (1863) 24.
The common English name for this plant was 'our Ladies
Thistle,' see GERARDE Herb., ed. 1633, 1150.]
BLESSING, sb. Stf. Shr. [ble'sin.] Something given
into the bargain or thrown in.
Stf.2 [In the ' skipping-rope ' game] : lar wein tarnd lung anuf
far you, kum ait !— Wei gi mi a blesin, dhen oi wul. Shr.1 They'n
begun to sell milk at both housen at Churton ; I shall g66 to the
poor owd Missis, 'er gies capital mizzer an' a good blessin' into the
bargain.
BLESSIT, sb. Sh.I. An animal with a patch of white
on the forehead.
Sh.L (Coll. L. L.B.) S. & Ork.1
[Nonv. dial, blesutt, having a 'blaze' on the forehead
(AASEN) ; Da. blisset ; der. of Norw. blesa, a blaze ; Da.
blis.]
sq
BLETCH
[298!
BLIN
BLETCH, sb.1 and v. Chs. Stf. Shr. [bletj.]
1. 56. The oil in wheels, &c., worked to a black and
consistent mass. Cf. bleck.
Chs.1 s.Chs.1 Bletch 'ud make his beard grow (s.v. Skit).
Stf.12 Shr. At Oswestry, grease i called bletch) from the church
bells is an approved remedy for ring-worm. But . . . people have
begun to use the bletch from cart-wheels instead, BURNE Flk-Lore
(1883) xv ; Shr.1 Bletch is sich a thing, yo' canna stir it.
2. v. To smear or clog with bletch.
Chs.1 You'll bletch yoursel aw o'er. Shr.1 1 canna get the marks
out o' yore gown, Ma'am, but I doubt yo'n bletched it some'ow.
[Bletche, atramentum, LEVINS Manip. (1570); To bletch,
nigrare, ib.]
BLETCH, sb.2 Yks. [bletj.] A pimple, a blister.
w.Yks. Seldom heard except among farmers or old men, Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Dec. 27, 1890) ; (J.T.)
BLETHARD.s*. Der.2 nw.Der.1 The plant bloodwort,
Rumex sanguineus.
BLETHER, v. Yks. Lei. War. [ble-tSa(r).]
1. To be out of breath ; to put out of breath.
w.Yks. (E.S.A.) Lei.1 ' Haven't ye blethered, Miss ?' enquired
a farmer of a lady who had just favoured the company with a song.
Yew'n blethered them osses. War.3 He hit me full in the chest
and quite blethered me.
2. To inflate, distend, blow out.
Lei.1 The football wur quoite blethered loike. Ah've blethered
as toight as a droom. War.3 A well-blethered football would
mean one well filled with a distended bladder.
BLETHER, see Bladder.
BLETT, sb. Sh.I. [blet.] Black muddy soil at the
head of a bay, or at the mouth of a burn.
S. & Ork.1 A mouldy blett.
BLEUVED, pp. Sh.I. Dead.
Sh.I. (Coll. L.L.B.) S. & Ork.1
BLEVET.s*. n.Yks.2 [ble-vit.] A plasterer's hatchet-
hammer.
BLEWIN, see Blowing.
BLEWITT, sb. Cor. [blu'-it] A poultice composed
of chopped carrots, leeks, groundsel, linseed, and bread.
w.Cor. Applied hot as can be to the soles of the feet, to revivify
the dying (M.A.C.). Cor." (MS. add.)
BLEWZE, v. Lan. [bliuz.] To look sulky or bad-
tempered.
Lan. CHORLTON MS. Gl. (1846).
BLIAKE, sb. Dor. Dev. [bliak.] A piece of wood
with holes for the soles of a hurdle, while the maker
wreathes it. See Flake.
Dor. Gl. (1851). Dev. An alternative word for flake (F.T.E.).
BLIB, see Bleb.
BLIBBANS, sb. pi. Sc. Strips of soft or slimy matter,
t*en. used of seaweed that covers the rocks at ebb tide ;
also used of large shreds of greens or cabbage put into
broth.
Gall. Now, Jenny, min', nae blibbans in the kail the day (JAM.
Suppl.~].
BLIBE, sb* Sc. Irel. Nhb. Written bleib (JAM.).
[blaib.]
1. A blister, bubble. Also used fig. Cf. bleb.
Sc. A burnt bleib [a blister caused by burning] (JAM.). Sh.I.
His bits o joys, Smaa blibes ipo dis muckle blibe o Time, BURGESS
Rasmie (1892) 94 ; (Coll. L.L.B.) Nhb.1 His feet was aall blibes
before he gat hyem.
2. pi. An eruption of large spots to which children are
liable.
Lth. (jAM.l Ant. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
BLIBE, sb.2 Sc. Also in form blype (JAM.). A stroke
or blow.
Sc. Some parli'menters may tak bribes, Deservin something war
than blibes, TAYLOR Poems (1787) 9 ; This blype o' a fa' was the
luckiest thing that could hae come o'er me, St. Patrick (1819) I.
1 66 (JAM.).
BLICANT, adj. Wil. Som. [bli'kant.] Shining,
bright.
s.Wil. (C.V.G.) Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som. Rare
(F.T.E.).
[A der. of ME. bliken, to shine ; OE. blicatt, with Fr.
suff. -ant, as in pleasant.]
BLICHAN, sb. Sc. Also written blichen, blighan
(JAM.). [bli'Xan.]
1. A term of contempt, gen. applied to a small person ;
Lth. Ye're a bonny blichen indeed to pretend sic a thing (JAM.).
e.Lth. I hae wit eneuch to see through a blichan o' a la'yer, ony-
way, HUNTER J. Inwick (.1895) 209.
2. A lean, worn-out animal.
Dmf. An auld blichen o' a beast (JAM.).
BLICKEN, v. Lin. [bli'kan.] To resemble.
Lin. The child blickens its dad, THOMPSON Hist. Boston (1856)
699 ; Lin.1 The childer blicken each other.
[For belicken. ME. be+liknen, to resemble, to liken. The
avaricious man is likned unto helle, CHAUCER C. T. B.
2808. Cp. Sw. ITkna, to resemble. Caxton uses the vb.
belike: Reynkin my yongest sone belyketh me so wel,
I hope he shal folowe my stappes, Reynard (1481), ed.
Arber, 25.]
BLICKER, sb. Slk. (JAM.) A spare portion.
BLICKER, v. Wil. Dor. Som. [bli'ka(r).] To shine
intermittently, to flicker, glimmer.
Wil.1 I zeen a light a blickerin" droo th' tallot dwoor. w.Dor.
(C.V.G.) w.Som. Of a burnt house it would be said ' The vire
wad'n a-douted — keeps on blickerin'.' (F.T.E.)
BLID. see Bleed.
BLIERS, sb. pi. Abd. (JAM.) The eyelashes.
BLIFFERT, sb. and v. Sc. Also written bleffert,
bluffert (JAM.) ; bliffart Bnff.1 [bli-fart]
1. sb. A stroke, a blow. Also usedySg-.
Sc. Rather let's ilk daintie sip, An' every adverse bliflert hip,
TARRAS Poems (1804) 28. Bnff.1 A ga 'im a bliffart o' the side o'
the hehd.
2. A squall, a gust ; a sudden but short fall of snow.
Sc. (JAM.) ; Without a bit bluffart of wind, COBBAN Andaman
(1895) xvi. Abd. Through blifferts o' caul* they yaumer and yaul,
THOM Rhymes (1844) 106.
3. v. To bluster, as the wind. Hence Blufferting, ppl.
adj. blustering, gusty (JAM.).
BLIG, sb. Nhb. Yks. [blig.] A blackguard, a cad,
' snob.'
Nhb.1 He's a reglor blig. w.Yks.2
BLIGH, adj. Ken. [blei.]
1. Lonely, dull.
Ken. Dat rOad be turrbul bligh arter dark (P.M.) ; Ken.1
2. In phr. to lay bligh, to keep secret or ' keep dark.'
Ken. If one has done something which it is desirable to keep
secret, ' I must lay bligh ' (P.M.).
BLIGHAN, see Blichan.
BLIGHT, sb. Hmp. [blait.] A caterpillar ; anything
which destroys garden produce.
Hmp. I seed a blight as long as me finger ( W.M. E.F.) ; (T. L.O.D.)
BLIKKEN, v. Yks. [bli'kan.j To shine. Cf.
blicker.
w.Yks.2 The sun blikkens on the windows.
[For alle be blomes of be bojes (boughs) were blyknande
perles, Cleanness (c. 1325) 1467, in Allit. P., ed. Morris, 79.]
BLIN, sb.1 Dor. [blin.] Th
Dor. (C.V.G.)
fhe rock-whiting fish.
BLIN, v. and sb? Obsol. or obs. Sc. Nhb. Yks. In
form blean Yks. ; blind Sc. ; past tense blan. [blin.]
1. v. To cease, desist ; to stop, cause to stop.
Sc. He never blindet, DRUMMOND Muckomachy ( 1846) 19; He
has reach'd the lady's bower, Afore that e'er he blan, JAMIESON
Pop. Ballads (1806) I. 98; The minstrels they did never blin,
RAMSAY Tea- Table Misc. (1724)1.9, ed. 1871. Fif. Ilk bluidybrul-
ziement and battle . . . That never blindit nor didsattle, TENNANT
Papistry (1827) 4. n.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS. add. ;P.) ; N.Cy.12
Nhb. The little foot page never blan, RICHARDSON Borderer's Table-
bk. (1846) VI. 46; Nhb.1 Yks. He never blinns playing (K.).
w.Yks.3
Hence Bleaned, ppl. adj. Of a cow: ceased to give
milk.
Yks. Yks. Wkly. Post (July 28, 1883).
2. sb. Delay, hindrance, deceit, guile (JAM. Suppl.).
[To blinne, desistere, LEVINS Manip. (1570) ; Therfore to
god we pray, pat he oure bale wolde blynne, York Plays
(c. 1400) 50; per is be blys bat con not blynne, Pearl
BLIN
[2991
BLIND
(c. 1325) 729, in AIM. P., ed. Morris, 22. OE. blinnan, to
cease; cp. OHG. bilinnan. See Lin.]
BLIN, pp. Irel. Mistaken.
Wxf.1 Ich as (or 'chas) greatly Win.
BLINCH, v. and sb. Pern. Cor. [blintj.]
1. v. To get a glimpse of; to look about. See Blench.
Cor. A janjansy kind o' look, as ef ... he was blinchin' fifty
ways for Grace, ' Q.' Troy Town (1888) xi ; THOMAS Randigat
Rhymes (1895) Gl. ; Cor.1 1 just blinched en gai'n round the caunder ;
Cor.2
2. sb. A glimpse, a hasty view.
Pern. I caught a Winch of him (W.H.YA s.Pem. (.W.M.M.) Cor.
He jest sa'ntered up quite leisurable, . . . an' lit 'pon a pea-stick
to take a blinch round, ' Q.' Troy Town (1888) xi.
BLIND, sb. Yks. Der. Lin. Oxf. Som. Dev. Colloq.
[blind, blain(d.]
1. //. Blinkers on horses' harness. Der.1 See Blinders.
2. Comp. (i) Blind-collar, (2) -halter, the bridle or head-
gear of a horse, having two blinkers.
(l) nw-Dev.1 Blen-collar. (2) n.Lin.1 Blind-helter. w.Som.1
Bluyn-au-ltur. Thus named, in distinction to the night-halter, or
' head-stall,' by which the horse is tied up in the stable.
3. A pretence, a stratagem. In gen. colloq. use.
w.Yks.1 It's nout at au — bud a blind, ii. 297. nXin.1 He pre-
tended to be deaf for a blind. Oxf.1 MS. add. Colloq. You believe
that, Robert ! Well, it's a convenient blind. YONGE Hopes (1883)
xxii.
4. In phr. to putt down the blinds, to submit, give in.
w.Yks. Yo' should just ha' seen him when aw sed soa ! didn' he
pull th' blinds daan, HARTLEY Budget (1869) 75.
[2. (2) Galled on both sides of her head with a blind
halter, Land. Gas. (1711) No. 4875 (N.E.D.). 3. Her
constant care of me was only a blind, STEELE Guardian
(1713) No. 150.]
BLIND, v. Irel. Nhb. Written blin Nhb.1 [blin(d.]
To stop a gap in a hedge with thorns, &c. ; to spread
small stones or cinders to fill up the interstices of macadam
in a road.
N.I.1, Nhb.1
Hence Blindin, vbl. sb. soft material laid upon new
macadam to bed the stones together.
Nhb. Put another cairt load o' blindin on that road (R.O.H.).
BLIND, adj. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
1. In comb, (i) Blind-batter, to kill young birds ; (2)
-bell, a children's game ; see below ; (3) — bitch, the bag
formerly used by millers as a means of cheating ; see
Black bitch ; (4) -blain, a pimple, a tumour ; (5) -boil, a
boil that does not come to a head ; (6) — brose, brose
made without butter ; (7) -buzzard, (a) the common cock-
chafer, Melolontha vulgaris ; (b) the stag beetle, Lucanus
cervus ; (8) -champ, a boy's game, consisting of champing
or breaking birds' eggs blindfold, see Blindman's stan ;
(9) -coal, coal which produces no flame; (10) —cripple,
the slow-worm, Anguis fragilis; (n) — days, the first
three days of March ; (12) -dog, the small spotted dog-
fish ; (13) -dorbie, the purple sandpiper, Tringa striata ;
(14) -drift, heavy snow ; (15) — drunk, dead drunk ; (16)
•dunnock, the hedge-sparrow, Accentor modularis; (17)
-eye, with the eyes shut.; (18) — fou, unable to see from
drink ; (19) — harry, (20) — hob, the game of blindman's
buff; (21) -hole, a rabbit-hole which ends in undisturbed
soil, as opposed to a Pop-hole (q.v.) ; (22) -house, the
lock-up ; (23) — hummabee, a boy's game or trick ; (24)
— lonnin, a green lane used as an occupation way ;
(25) — mares, nonsense, fudge ; (26) -mob, to blind-
fold; (27) — mouse, the shrew-mouse. Lorex araneus; (28)
— palmie or pawmie, blindman's buff ; (29) -sieve, a sieve
made of sheepskin and not perforated; (30) — sim, see
— hob ; (31 ) — sixpence, a coin which is so much worn
that the head and tail are obliterated ; (32) — stan, see
— hob ; (33) -staff, see -champ ; (34) — tarn, a bundle of
rags made up to pass as a child, carried by beggars ; (35)
•winkey, see -champ.
(i) Cum. We fund a throssle's nest, an' blinnd-battert t'young
uns (J.D. . ^2) Bwk. Obsol. All the players were hoodwinked
except the person who was called the Bell. He carried a bell,
which he rung, endeavouring to keep out of the way of his hood-
winked partners in the game (JAM.). (3) Slk. Ane had better
tine the blind bitch's litter than hae the mill singed wi' brimstone,
HOGG Perils of Man (1822) III. 39 (JAM.). (4) n.Yks. It's nobat
3 bit av 3 blinndblane ; sum fuaks wad kol'ta plook, bat dher biath
sz yan (W.H.). w.Yks. Blind blane intends a large tumour, and
sometimes proud or dead flesh, HAMILTON Nugae Lit. (1841) 355.
(5)n.Lin.i, Wor. (J.W.P.) (6) Rxb. (JAM.) (7, a) Shr.12 (A)
Shr.1 (8) s.Sc. (JAM. Suppl. ) (9) Lnk. It yields scarcely any flame
. . . and gets the name of blind-coal, Agric. Surv. Ayr. 49 (JAM.).
(10) Cor.3 (n) Dev. A clergyman informed me that the old farmers
in his parish call the first three days of March ' Blind days,' which
were anciently considered unlucky ones, and upon which no
farmer would sow any seed, BRAND Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1848) II. 43.
(12) Ant. (W.H.P.) (13) Sh.I. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 194. (14)
Frf. Drearie an eerie the blin' drift blaws, LAING Wayside Firs.
(1846) 37. (15) n.Lin.1, War." ,16) Som. SMITH Birds (1887)
177 ; SWAINSON Birds (1885) 29. (17) n.Yks. He wrate it blind-
eye (I.W.). (18) Ayr. Being, as I think, blind fou, she had taken
me for him, GALT Provost (1822) xxxvi. Lth. Were vap'ring a'
day, and we're blind-fou at night, MACNEILL Poet. Wks. (1801) 219,
ed. 1856. (19) Sc. Some they played at Blind Harrie, HERD Coll.
(1776) II. 29 'JAM.). (20) e.An.1, Suf.J (21) Wil.1 (22) Wil.
(K.M.G.); N. & Q. (1887) 7th S. iv. 26; Wil.1 Obs. (23)
w.Yks.3 A new boy is made ' king,' and has to sit and shut his eyes
whilst ' the bees go to fetch the honey.' Filling their mouths with
water they approach him humming, and discharge it over him.
See Bee. (24) Cum.1 (25) Dev.1 I, say so, co ; — a fiddle-de-dee,
— blind mares, 21. (26) w.Som.1 Nif I didn do it better-n that
blind-mobbed I'd have my arms cut off. Dev.3 1 code vind my rawd
'ome ef yu wiiz til blind-moppee me. (27) Cum. Called the blind-
mouse, its eyes being very small, and almost concealed by the hair,
HUTCHINSON Hist. Cum. (1794) I. App. 3; Cum.1, n.Lin.1 (28)
Rxb. (JAM.) (29) Shr.1 Obsol. Formerly much used in granaries
for dressing corn, and still so employed by cottage-folk for their
'laisins.' (30) e.An.1 (31) Lan. I dunno' think he'd a blynt six-
pence in his pocket, A b-o' -th'- Yate Xmas. Dinner (1886) ; (S.W.1
(32) Ant. Ballymena Obs. ( 1892). (33) Gall. (W.G.) (34) Abd.
(JAM/ (35^ Cor.3 Called also Winky-eye.
2. Comb, in plant-names : (i) Blind-ball, a name given
to var. species of fungi, esp. Lycoperdon bovista ; (2) -buff,
see -ball ; (3) -eyes, the scarlet poppy, Papaver rheas ;
(4) -flower, Veronica chamoedrys ; (5) -man, see -eyes ; (6j
man's ball, (7) — man's bellows, see -ball ; (8) man's
hand, the creeping bugle, Ajuga reptans ; (9) -nettle, a
name given to many stingless labiate plants, esp. the dead
nettle, Galeopsis tetrahit ; (10) — y-buffs, («) see -eyes ; (b)
the seed-head of dandelion ; (n) -weed, Capsella bursa-
pastoris.
(i) Shr.12 (2) Shr.1 (3) Nhp.1 Bck. Science Gossip ( 1891) 119.
(4) Dur. (5) Wil.1 Locally supposed to cause blindness, if looked
at too long. (6, 7) Sc. GAM.) (8) Hmp. (W.M.E.F.) (9) Shr.»
Oxf.1 MS. add. nw.Dev.1, Cor. (M.A.C.), Cor.2 (10, a)n.Yks.
W.H. ),m.Yks.1 (A) Win. ' Let's play at blindybuff ' — see in how
many tries, by one who is blindfolded, the whole of the seeds can
be blown from the stem of the blindybuff (B.K.). (u) Yks.
3. In phr. (i) blindman's bluft or bluffed, see blindy-buff;
(2) blindman's stan, a boy's game, played with birds' eggs;
(3) blind-merry-mopsey, (4) blindy-buff, the game of blind-
man's buff; (5) to get on the blind side, to take advantage ;
in gen. colloq. use.
(i) s.Not. (J.P.K.) ; Not.1, Lei.1 (a) N.I.1 The eggs are placed
on the ground, and the player, who is blindfolded, takes a certain
number of steps in the direction of the eggs ; he then slaps the
ground with a stick thrice, in the hope of breaking the eggs. (3)
n.Yks.12 (4) n.Yks. (W.H.) w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Oct. 31,
1891). n.Dev. I used o' blindy-buff be vond, ROCK Jim an' Nell
Vi867) St. 29. (5) Cum. To get o' t'blind-side o' t'auld man was
a pity (M.P.). n.Yks. Ey noo, ya see, he'd gitten to t'blinndside on
him (W.H.).
4. Of vegetation : abortive, unproductive, unfruitful ;
used esp. of blossoms which do not produce fruit.
Chs.1 s.Not. Of cabbage, cauliflower, &c., having no heart,
owing to some insect injury vJ.P.K.). n-Lin.1 A potatoe is said to
je blind when it is thought to have no ' eyes,' or when the ' eyes '
lave been destroyed. Lei.1, Nhp.1 War.8 Nearly all the grafts
are blind. s.Wor. (H.K.) ; s.Wor.1 Shr.1 I shanna-d-ave above
fe a pint o' straibries this 'ear, the blows bin all blind ; Shr.2,
Hrf,2 Glo. There won't be much fruit t'year, so many of the
alossoms be blind (A.B.) ; Glo.1 Oxf.1 When spring corn does
not thrive, or grow well, it is said to ' look very blind.' e.An.1
Qq2
BLIND-BUCKY-DAVY
[300]
BLINK
Particularly said of strawberries, and other small summer fruits.
Nrf. (W.R.E.^ : Nrf.1, Sol.1 Sus., Hmp. HOLLOWAY.
5. Comp. (i) Blind-berries, berries that are too ripe and
opaque ; (2) -blossom, an abortive flower ; fig. a prodigal,
a ne'er-do-weel ; (3) -ears, ears of corn with no grain in
them.
(i) n.Yks. (I.W.) (2) Dev. Jeffery the eldest being what they
termed a thorough ' blind blossom ' from the first, MADOX-BROWN
Dwale Bluth (1876) v. (3) n.Lin.1 w.Som.1 Niivur ded-n zee zu
mmree bluyn yuurz uz ez dhee-uz yuur [never saw so many blind
ears as there are this year]. nw.Dev.1
[2. (9) Archangell is called of some Vrtica iners and
Mortua ... in English blinde nettle, GERARDE Herb. (ed.
1633) 704 ; Ortie blanclie, the herb Archangel, blind nettle,
dead nettle, COTGR.]
BLIND-BUCKY-DAVY, phr. Glo. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor.
Also in form blind-buck-a-davy Cor.12; bline-buck-o'-
diavy Dor.1 ; blind-buck-and-davy Som. The game of
blindman's buff.
Glo. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) Dor. In many countries it is
an animal, and not a person that is called blind in this game, BARNES
Gl. (1863). Som. SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885) ; JENNINGS
Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825). w.Som.1 Bline-bucky-Davey, hunt the
shoe — The wold plays one, the youngsters t'other, PULMAN Sketches
(1842) 64. nw-Dev.1, Cor.12
BLINDEGO, sb. Dev. A short-sighted person.
n.Dev. Muve, bloggy, clopping blindego, ROCK Jim an' Nell
(1867) St. 4.
[The same suff. as in assinego, q.v.]
BLINDEN, v. e.Yks.1 pp. otto blind.
BLINDERED, pp. n.Yks.2 Blindfolded.
BLINDERS, sb. pi. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Written
blinnders Yks. ; blindhers e.Yks.1 ; blynders w. Yks.5
[blrndarz, bli'ndaz.]
1. Blinkers on a horse ; fig. a veil.
Frf. The bridles have blinders, STEPHENS Farm Bk. (1849) I.
159. Nhb.1, Cum.1 n. Yks. Ther fetters an blinnders, CASTILLO
Poems (1878, 55. e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788) ; e.Yks.1
w.Yks. He next besowt hur just ta lift Hur blynders off hur face,
PRESTON Poems (1864) 14 ; His ears were long, . . . an' possessed
an' odd way ov flapping daan on his blinnders, Girlington Jrn.
Aim. (1875) 24 ; w.Yks.35
2. Comp. Blinder -bridle, a bridle with blinkers attached.
Cum. T teaah lug eh t'blinnder bridle was geaan, SARGISSON Joe
Scoap (1881)218. Wm. & Cum.1 Tha hangup a deal ov wind-clyaths
like blinder-brydals, 125.
BLIND-HOE, sb. Sh.I. Also in form bland- S. & Ork.1
Chimera monstrosa, rabbit-fish.
Sh.I. The name is said to be given to this fish from its moving
about as if blind (J.J.). S. & Ork.1
BLINDMAN'S HOLIDAY, phr. In gen. dial, and
colloq. use.
1. Evening twilight, when it is too dusk for work. Also
in phr. to play at blindman's holiday, to attempt to work in
the dark.
Wm.1 Its blinn'dmans-halliday, yan ma seea threea stars wi ya
ee. w.Yks.1 ; w.Yks.2 It's like playing at blind man's holiday.
Stf.2, nw.Der.1, Not.1, n.Lin.1, swim.1, Lei.1, Nhp.1, War.",
Wor. (J.W.P.), Shr.i, Oxf.1 MS. add., Brks.1, Hnt. (T.P.F.),
e.An.2 Crab.1 You'd better light the candle— it's gitting blind-man's
holiday. Suf. (F.H.) Ess. Oft begin the spote [sport] dorn't tell
'Tis bline-man's hulliday, CLARK J. Noakes (1839) st. 82. w.Som.1
Not often applied to complete darkness. Come on soce! 'tis
blind-man's holiday ; can't zee no longer, let's pick up our things.
nw.Dev.1
2. The obscurity of a dimly-lighted place. Suf. (F.H.)
[Indeed, madam, it is blindman's holiday ; we shall
soon be all of a colour, SWIFT Polite Convers. (1706) III.
(DAV.); Feridto, vacancy from labour, rest from work,
blind man's holiday, FLORIO.]
BLINDS, sb.1 pi. Obs. (?) Cdg. A black covering to
the vein of metal, which betokens ore, in silver mines.
Cdg. RAY (1691) ; (K.)
BLINDS, s6.2 pi. Sc. GAM.) The pogge or miller's
thumb, the fish Coitus cataphradus.
BLINK, sb.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lin. Shr.
Pern. Glo. Brks. Hmp. Wil. Dev. Cor. Also written
blenk (JAM.) Cum.1 n.Yks.2 ; blinck Pern, [blink.]
1. A gleam, a ray ; light. Also used fig.
Sc. A by-ordinary bonny blink of morning sun, STEVENSON
Catriona 11892) xii ; The peat smoke used to go up wi' the mist
wreaths at the earliest blink, STEEL Rowans (1895) 391. Sh.1. Da
simmer's blink, BURGESS Rasmie (1892) 88. Abd. The blink that's
brightest— briefest too, THOM Rhymes (1844') 67. Lnk. He [the
sun] canna cast ae blink on thee, THOMSON Musings (1881) 53.
Lth. The blink ahint the shower Proclaims anither sunny hour,
SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 42 ; Wi' his blinks o' fun, BALLANTINE
Poems (1856) 219; Walk by the blink o' the moon, MCNEILL
Preston (c. 1895) 71. Cum.1
2. The smallest glimmer of light ; a spark of fire.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Elg. Can see a blink, TESTER
Poems (1865) 93. Kcb. There's ne'er a blink o' the mime the
nicht, ARMSTRONG Ingleside (1890) 20. Nhb.1 Wm. FERGUSON
Northmen (1856) 206. Shr.1 I raked the fire las' night, . . . an' it
burnt out ; theer wunna-d-a blink. Glo.1 When I come in there
wasn't a blink of fire. Brks.1 I can't zee a blink. Hmp.1 Wil.
BRITTON Beauties ^1835) ; Wil.1, s.Dev. (G.E.D.1, Cor.12
3. A glance, look ; a glimpse.
Sc. I just gaed a blink up the burn, SCOTT Monastery (1820)
xxvi. Flf. Whiles I think I hae blinks o' ye, ROBERTSON Provost
(1894) 164. Rnf. He came ne'er for gowd, But the blink o' my
bonnie blue e'en, ALLAN Poems (1836) in. Ayr. I hae ta'en a
blink o' their contents, GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822) Ixxi ; Ae blink
o' him I wadna gie For Buskie-glen, BURNS Country Lassie, st. 3.
Ant. Blink o' an ill e'e (W.H.P.). Nhb.1 Wm. & Cum.1 Thar
blythesome blenks are but t'ensnare, 191. Wm.1 Ya blink ov an
ee. Lin. 1 joost caught a blink of 'em as they went off, FENN Dick
o' the Fens (1888) xxii. s.Pem. LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 419.
4. A movement of the eyelid ; a wink.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Kcb. I'll be back in the blink
o' an e'e. ARMSTRONG Ingleside (1890) 160. m.Yks.1, n.Lin.1
5. An instant, moment, a short time.
Sc. It has not gone upon men's tongues save for a blink,
STEVENSON Catriona (1892) i ; The mask fell frae my face for
a blink, SCOTT Bit. Dwarf (iSi6) vii. Dmb. If he sleeps ony it is
but in blinks of half an hour at a time, CROSS Disruption (1844) vii.
Rnf. Ye maun wait a blink, BARR Poems (1861) 2. Ayr. A blink
o' rest's a sweet enjoyment, BURNS Twa Dogs (1786) 16. Lnk.
Write when ye've a blink o' time, THOMSON Musings (1881) 116.
Wm.1 A'v nut hed a blink o' sleap.
0. A blemish ; an obscuration between the eye and an
object.
n.Yks.2 I couldn't see t'booat for t'blenk [for the fog]. w.Yks.
A man blind of one eye is said to haveablinkofone eye,fflfx. Wds.
7. In phr. to give the blink, give the slip.
Abd. An gie each gangrene care the blink, TAKRAS Poems (1804)
50 (JAM.).
[2. pe leste boghte . . . bat of godenesse hadde any
blynke, R. BRUNNE Handlyng Synne (c. 1303) 4449. 3.
Lookes downe, and in one blinck, and in one vew, Com-
prizeth all what so the world can shew, CAREW Godfrey of
Bulloigne (1594) ed. Grosart, 7.]
BLINK, sb.2 Yks. A boy's game.
w.Yks. Obsol. The boys were divided into two sides and stood
in a row. One from each side in turn ran to a certain point,
chased by a member of the opposite side. The game was won
when all one side had been caught (G.G.W.).
BLINK, v. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der.
Lin. Nhp. Shr. e.An. Also written blenk Sc. QAM.) Nhb.1
Cum. [blink, blenk.]
I. 1. To shine, gleam. Also fig.
Sc. They were braw new, And blmkit bonnilie, RAMSAY Tea-
Table Misc. (1724) I. 9, ed. 1871. Abd. The gowden helmet will
sae glance An' blink, FORBES Ajax (1742) 10; The sheen blinkit
like siller, Guidman Inglismaill (1873) 48. Ayr. May those
pleasures gild thy reign, That ne'er wad blink on mine, BURNS
Lament ; Simmer blinks on flow 'ry braes, ib. Birks of Aberfeldy.
Lth. The sun does not blink on a bonnier spot, STRATHESK More
Bits (1885) 3 ; The sun blinks bonnily after a shower, BALLANTINE
Poems (1856) 25. Cnm. If t'sun blinks oot when theer's a shooar It
wullen'tlastferhoafan hooar,.FW. (E.W.P.) Lan. When mornin'
blinks, mon lies and thinks, WAUGH Sngs. (1866) 50, ed. 1870.
Hence Blinking, ppl. adj. shining, twinkling.
Sh.I. His glig aald een, baid black an blinkin, BURGESS Rasmie
(1892^33.
2. To glimmer, to shine fitfully, to flicker.
Elg. Labour's early glimmering lamp Blinks welcome on my eye,
BLINK
[301]
BLINTER
COUPER Tourifications (1803) 1. 78. Abd. Upon the table blinks a
nickering taper. OGG Willie Waly (1873) 65. Fif. Stars blink na
cheerie to a soul that's wae, ROBERTSON Provost (1894 "I 143. Ayr.
His wee-bit ingle, blinkin bonilie, BURNS Cotter's Sat. Night (.1785"'.
n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.) Shr.1 The fire wuz mighty doggit
this mornin', it kep' blink, blink, blinkin'.
Hence (i) Blinker, sb. a star; (2) Blinking, ppl. adj.
glimmering, twinkling.
(i) S. & Ork.1 n.Cy. (Coll. L.L.B.) ,a) Per. Blinkin' stars
Shone down frae heaven, NICOLL Poems (1837) 73, ed. 1843.
3. With prep. up. Of smoke or haze : to rise, clear off.
n.Yks.2 It blink'd up a bit an we saw land.
II. 1. To move the eye involuntarily; to wink; to cause
twink.
Kcd. Robbie first began to glower, An' neist began to blink,
GRANT Lays (1884) 63. Fif. 'Twas a' gowden glamour That
blinkitthe ee, ROBERTSON Provost (1894) la. Kcb. His e'en blink'd
like deein' dips soomin' in grease, ARMSTRONG Ingleside (1890)
155. Cum.1 n.Yks.1 T'bairn's a bau'd labile chap. He nivver
blink't at t'flash. n.Lln.1 Th' sun mak's one blink.
Hence Blinking, ppl. adj. winking.
Sc. Blinkin baudrons by the ingle sits (JAM. Suppl.).
Z. To show emotion or attest affection by some quick
action of the eye.
n.Yks.2 She never blink'd a blee for him | she shed no tear at
his death]. w.Yks.5 A woman who ' ne'er blink'd an ee ' at her
husband's funeral, shows a want of affection. The hardened
criminal in the dock never ' blinks ' when sentence is passed upon
him.
3. To look at with pleasure ; to smile, look at fondly.
Abd. ' Wull ye be my dawtie ? ' She blinkit fu' keen, Guidman
Inglismaill (1873) 43. Dmb. If she wad blink on me as I saw Miss
Miggummery do on you yonder, CROSS Disruption (1844) *'• Ayr.
She blinket on her sodger, BURNS Jolly Beggars ,1785). N.Cy.1
Nhb.1 O, the transports of gladness that over me reign To blink
upon canny Newcastle again, Sngs. of Tyne (1849). w.Yks.
WILLAN List Wds. (18111. ne.Lan.1
4. To shut the eyes to avoid the sight of anything.
Glo. Spaniels are said to blink at birds, when they are shy, and
do not care to point or to advance, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
[MAYER Sptsmns Directory (1845) 145 ; (K.)j
5. Fig. To evade, ignore ; to wince.
Ayr. Ye blink the question, GALT Sir A. Wylie (i8aa) Ixxv.
n.Yks.1 w.Yks.5 Nobbud he doesn't blink it. ne-Lan.1 n.Lin.1
He'll not blink at oht when ther's onything to be gotten. Nhp.1
He blink'd the question.
6. To blind.
w.Yks. They cum up wi ther hands full a meil an threw it
in his face an compleatly blinkt him, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Baimsla
Ann. (1848) 42 ; Noabdy cud goa aht a door ardly for claads a
dust, an them at did goa thay wor blinkt i noa time, ib. (1874) 46.
7. To trick, cheat, deceive ; to jilt.
Abd. Meg Angus sair was blinkit, TARRAS Poems (1804) 93.
Per. Ye needna try to blink me. I was blinket wi'a bad coin (G. W. ).
Fif. To "blink a lass QAM.).
Hence Blinker, sb. (i) a lively, pretty girl ; also used as
a term of contempt ; (2) a poser, check.
(i) Ayr. Seize the blinkers ! An' bake them up in brunstane pies
For poor damn'd drinkers, BURNS Sc. Drink (1786) st. ao ; The
witching cursed delicious blinkers, ib. Ep. to Major Logan (1786)
st. 10. Rxb. (JAM.) (a) Per. There's a blinker for you (G.W.).
8. To exercise an evil influence, bewitch, overlook ; hence
to turn anything sour.
Sc. (JAM.) Abd. I canna tell you fat deil was the matter wi't,
gin the wort was blinket or fat it was, FORBES Jrn. (1743) 14.
Ant. Blink, to bewitch cattle and cause them to have little or no milk
and butter, Ballymena Obs. (1892). N.I.1 Cow's milk is said to be
blinked when it does not produce butter, in consequence of some
supposed charm having been worked — a counter charm is required
to bring it right. s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890). Chs. (K.), Der.1
Lin. To blink beer, vox agro Lincolniensi, cum re ipsa, usita-
tissima, Cerevisiam musteam tamdiu in vase relinquere, donee
aliquem aciditatis gradum acquirat, quo maturius potui idonea &
clara reddatur, SKINNER (1671% Shr.1 Obsol. Said of butter-milk
that from exposure to the sun's rays has acquired a peculiar, bitter,
ill-flavour. This butter-milk is as bitter as sut — I toud yo' as it
6od be blinked if it wunna covered o'er.
I
Hence Blinked, ppl. adj. bewitched, soured, spoiled.
Cattle can be fairly struck or bewitched ; the
Per. (G.W.)
first is called
Don. I
sheetin '
and the second ' blinked,' Flk-Lore Jrn.
(1886) IV. 355. e.An.1 Beer which we called blinked has no
acidity, but an ill flavour peculiar to itself; said to be occasioned
by too long delay of fermentation. Blinked-beer will have a great
tendency to turn sour ; but certainly in our usage is blinked before
it is sour. Nrf.1
[II. 8. Bottle ale ... must not only be coold sufficiently,
but also blynckt a little to giue it a quick & sharp last ,
SURFLET & MARKHAM Countrey Farm (1616) 589.]
BLINKARD, sb. Nhb. Lan. In form blenkard N.Cy.1
Nhb.1 ; blenkert Lan.1
1. A near-sighted person ; one blind of one eye.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) ; N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Lan. An
ancient man with one eye. . . . Eigh, (reply'd Blinkard) Ive studit
it e'er sin ir fifteen yer owd, TIM BOBBIN Wks. (ed. 1806) 154 ;
Lan.1, ne.Lan.1 s.Lan. BAMFORD Dial. (1850).
2. A fighting cock that has lost one eye.
Nhb. Cocks, stags, and blenkards, Advt. in Newc.Chron. (Dec. i,
1770) ; Nhb.1
[1. A blinkard, caeculus, paetus, strabus, COLES (1679) ;
A blinkarde, he that hath such eies that the liddes couer
a great parte of the apple, BARET (1580).]
BLINKER, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Lin.
1. The eye.
Lnk. What I admire in you maist is your een, Sic coal-black
blinkers, BLACK Falls of Clyde (1806) 174. Edb. I had hardly well
shut my blinkers, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) xii. Nhb.1 Greet
wonders that dazzles wor blinkers, ROBSON Wonderful Tallygrip
(c. 1870).
2. pi. The eyelashes. Edb. (W.G.)
3. A person blind of one eye ; one who squints.
Sc. (/AM.) s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890).
4. Spectacles. n.Lin.1
BLINKING, ppl. adj. Wil. Dor. [blrrjkin.]
1. Shining intermittently.
Dor. A blinking day in Fall, when everything is wet, HARDY
Ethelberta (1876) II. xlvi.
2. Of poor quality, weak, contemptible ; of poor and
half-starved growth.
Wil. The land ' is incumbered with a short blinking heath,'
Reports Agric. (1793-1813"! ; In occasional use. A blinking old fool.
A blinking sort of job (G.E.D.) ; Wil.1 A short blinking heath is
found on many parts [of the downs], DAVIS Agric. (1813) xii.
Dor. 'Twas a little one-eyed blinking sort o' place, HARDY Tess
(1891) i.
BLINLINS, adv. Sc. [blrnlinz.] In a blind way ;
blindfolded.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Lnk. I sit blinlins here,
HAMILTON Poems (1865) 53.
[Quhen blindlingis in the battell fey thai fycht, DOUGLAS
Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, n. 88. Blind, adj. + -/ings, advb.
suff.]
BLINT, v. Sc. To shed a feeble, glimmering light.
n.Sc. Used, but not common (W.G.). Abd. (JAM.)
BLINTER, v.1 and sb.1 Sc. [blrntar.]
1. v. To shine feebly or with an unsteady flame ; to
flicker.
Sc. JAM.) ; MACKAY (1888). n.Sc. He feessa bitcan'le into the
room, bit it did naething bit blinter (W.G.).
2. To blink ; to look at with weak eyes.
n.Sc. He took the buik in's han' an' blmtert at it for a filie [a
short while], but he cudna read a word (W.G.). Abd. Whase lilts
wad gar a Quaker blinter, TARRAS Poems (1804) aa (JAM.).
Hence (i) Blinteran, vbl. sb. the act of looking at an
object with the eyelids nearly closed ; (2) Blinterin',
ppl. adj. having weak eyes ; short-sighted, blundering.
(i) Bnff.1 (a) n.Sc. The blinterin bit boddie ran oot an fell ower
a bunkart o' peat-drush (W.G.). Bnff.1 Blinterin'-eet is another
form. Abd. Ye're a blinterin' ass ! here's the thing ye were
searching for (G.W. ). Kcd. Blenterin' bodie Bogenfallow Didna
ken his ain court-yard, GRANT Lays (1884) 76.
3. sb. A feeble light.
Bnff.1 That can'le's bit a blinter.
4. A person that has weak eyes. Bnff.1
BLINTER, v? and sb? Sc. Written blenter (JAM.).
[bli-ntar, ble'nter.]
I. v. To strike with a strong, sharp blow.
Blinteran, vbl. sb. the act of striking with a strong, sharp
blow ; a beating. Bnff.1
BLINTER
[302]
BLITHEMEAT
2. sb. A strong, sharp blow ; a gust of wind.
Bnff.1 Abd. I'll gie ye a blinter atween the e'en (G.W.). Fif.
(JAM.)
BLINTER, v.3 Sc. [Not known to our correspondents.]
To rush, make haste.
Abd. The cattle tiawe an' blinter To the lochs for drink, TARRAS
Poems (1804) 56 (JAM.).
BLIRR, sb. n. Yks.8 [Not known to our correspondents.]
A blaze.
BLIRT, v.1 and sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Written blurt
N.I.1 [blirt, blart.]
1. v. To cry, weep, shed tears.
Sc. I'll gar you blirt wi' baithyoureen, HENDERSON Prov. (1832)
158. Ant. What are you blirtin' about ? Ballymena Obs. (1892).
s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890). n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.1
Hence (i) Blirted, ppl. adj. tear-stained, swollen with
weeping; (2) Blirting, (a) vbl. sb., (b) ppl. adj. crying,
weeping; (3) Blirty-eild, sb. the state of extreme old age,
in which tears trickle over the cheeks as if the person
were weeping.
(i) Fif. She's a' blirted wi' greeting (JAM.). (2, a) Ant. (S.A.B.)
(6) N.I.1 Blurtin' thing [a crying child]. (3) Sc. GROSE (17901
MS. add. (C.)
2. sb. A burst of weeping.
n.Sc. A blirt of greeting (JAM.).
3. A storm, a gust of wind accompanied with rain ;
a cold drizzle.
Lth., Rxb. (JAM.) Nhb.1 Cattle and sheep always fly before the
storm into the blirt ; horses never.
Hence Blirtie, adj. Of weather : changeable, uncertain.
w.Sc. A blirtie day, is one that has occasionally severe blasts of
wind and rain (JAM.). Rnf. O Poortith is a wintry day, Chearless,
blirtie, cauld and blae, TANNAHILL Poems (1807) 156, ed. 1817.
4. A Hash. n.Yks.8
BLIRT, v? Wm. Yks. Lan. [blirt, blart, blat]
1. To shoot with gun or pistol in an aimless, idle way.
Wm.1 n.Lan. Blirtin awaa wi 'is new gun (W.H.H.).
2. To flick, to strike lightly.
n.Yks. The woman ' blirted ' the thing she was washing in his
face, HENDERSON Flk-Lore (1879) ii.
BLISH, sb.1 and v. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. [blij.]
1. sb. A blister caused by scalding, friction, &c.
Dur. (W.W.P.) ; Dur.1. Cum.1 Wm. Its arm is all one Wish
where it was burnt (B.K.). n.Yks. (W.W.P.) ; n.Yks. 3
2. v. To blister.
n.Yks.3 I ran till my feet was blished.
[Cp. OE. blyscan, to redden (Aldhelm Gl. in Mone's Quellen
u. Forschungen (1830) 355) ; MLG. bloschen (SCHILLER-
LtJBBEN).]
BLISH, sb* Cum.1 An attack of purging.
BLISH-BLASH, sb. Yks. Lin. [bli-J-bla/.] Idle talk,
nonsense, tittle-tattle. Cf. blash.
n.Yks.12, e.Yks.1, w.Yks.5 n.Lln. Doant talk sich blish-blash to
th' bairn (M.P.) ; n-Lin.1
BLISKETING, vbl. sb. Lan. [bli'skatin.] A buffeting
by a storm.
n.Lan. A gat 3 tgrbl bliskatin' i kumin auar t'hil (W.S.).
BLISS, sb. Shr. [blis.] A wood-cutting term : the
boundary line of an allotment of timber-felling.
Shr.1 Woodcutters in the neighbourhood of Cleobury Mortimer
[make] a bliss, and in doing so brase [cut or slash] the outer bark
of the trees (s.v. Hag).
BLISSOM, v. and adj.1 Yks. Chs. Shr. e.An. Ken.
Sus. Hmp. Dev. In form blizzom Chs.1 ; blossom e.An.1
Suf^Ken. [bli'zam.]
1. Of sheep : to copulate, to tup (said of the ram).
Chs.1 ; Chs.2 How many ewes will a ram blissom ? Chs.3
2. To be ready for the ram.
Shr.2 Ken. Dem dere ewes be blossoming, measter ; which ram
shall we ride dis yur ? (P.M.) Sus., Hmp. A ewe is said to be
blissomed, or be blissoming, when she wants the ram, HOLLOWAY.
3. adj. Marts appetens (said of the ewe).
w.Yks.2, e-An.1, Suf.1 Dev. This ewe is blissum, GROSE (1790)
MS. add. (C.) ; Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 423.
[1. To blissom (tup the ewe), coeo, ineo, COLES (1679) ;
One ramme will serue to blesome fiftie ewes, SURFLET
Countrie Farme (1600) 155; The housbande may suffre
his rammes to goo with his ewes all tymes of the yere, I
to blyssome or ryde whan they wyll, FITZHERBERT Hush.
(1534) 42; To blessum, arietare, Cath. Angl. (1483). 3.
Ewe is bliessom, a term peculiar to sheepherds, signi-
fying that the ewe has taken tup, BRADLEY Fam. Diet.
(1727) s.v. Ewe. ON. blaesma, in heat, of a ewe or goat
(FRITZNER) ; Norw. dial, blesma (AASEN).]
BLISSOM, adj.2 Dor. Som. [bli'sam.] Blithesome,
joyous.
Dor. In you we'll be blissom an' glad, BARNES Sng. Sol. ^1859)
1. 4. Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. iu>Eng. (1825).
[A pron. of blithesome (adj.), q.v.]
BLISSY, see Blizzy.
BLISTER, sb. and v. Irel. Yks. Lin. Dev. [bli-sta(r).]
1. sb. An annoying person. N.I.1
2. Contp. (i) Blister-cup, Ranunculus sceleratus, the
celery-leaved crowfoot ; (2) -plant, Ranunculus acris, the
buttercup (Lin.).
(i) w.Yks. LEES Flora (1888) 119.
3. v. In phr. I'm blistered, a form ol oath.
Dev. Ha wis dude up za wul, if ha wadd'n I'm blistered ! HOGG
Poet. Lett. (1847) 23, ed. 1858 ; Thinks I, wull I'm blistered if this
bant a job, ib. 24.
BLIT, adj. Dor. [blit] Blighty.
Dor. BARNES Gl, (1863) ; Gl. (1851).
BLITHE, adj. and adv. Sc. Nhb. Yks. and in gen. poet,
use. Also in form blathe n.Yks. ; blyde Sh.I. ; blythe Sc.
Nhb.1 Yks.
1. adj. Cheerful, glad, gay, merry.
Sc. Better be blythe wi' little than sad wi' mickle, RAMSAY Prov.
(1737) ; There will be mony a blythe ee see it, though mine
be closed, SCOTT Guy M. (1815) xlvi ; We were blythe to meet wi'
ane anither, ib. Rob Roy (1817) xiv ; 111 manners, too, to be
sae blithe when ye are leaving us, STEEL Rowans (1895) 390.
Sh.I. I'm blyde, I'm funn dee [have found thee], BURGESS Rasmie
(1892) 28. Abd. I was blythe to edge into the first seat, ALEXANDER
Johnny GM (1871) xviii. Kcd. Nature, in her blithest mood, GRANT
Lays (1884) 18. Rnf. She liltet up herblythest strain, ALLAN Poems
(1836) 9. Ayr. When at the blythe end of our journey at last, BURNS
Contented ivi' little (1794) St. 3 ; I hope on such a blythe occasion
you will not refuse me a glass of your delicious currant wine, GALT
Lairds (1826) xx. Lnk. Blithe Patie likes to laugh and sing,
RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725) 17, ed. 1783 ; This was a blythe cheery
place when the coaches were rinnin', FRASER Whaups (1895) xii.
Lth. I' the blithe sweet days o' langsyne, SMITH Merry Bridal
(1866) 197. e.Lth. HUNTER J. Inwick (1895) 44. Rxb. And be
forbye right blythe to see The man, RIDDELL Poet* Wks. (1871).
Gall. Ye hae a blythe young chap then, CROCKETT Cleg Kelly (1896)
xxiii ; Blithe I am to see ye, ib. Stickit Min. (1893) 269. Nhb. It's
nobbut reel a bride sud be blithe upon her weddin'-day, CLARE
Love of Lass (1890) II. 78 ; Nhb.1 How blyth were we, Joco-Serious
Disc. (1686) 8. n.Yks. (T.S.) ; Te see 'em all seea blahth an'
merry, CASTILLO Poems (1874) 47. ne.Yks. Quite blyth and cheer-
ful as a lark, NELSON Bilsdale Dial. (1831) 9. Dor.1 'Tis blithe . . .
To zee the marnen's red-streak'd skies, 64.
2. adv. Happy, glad, cheerful, gay.
Elg. Blythe beat the heart of maid and man, TESTER Poems
(l865) 59- Ay- The sun blinks blythe on yon town, BURNS
O, wat ye who's in yon town, st. 4.
Hence (i) Blithely, adv. cheerfully, gladly ; (2) -ness,
sb. gladness, gaiety.
(i) Sc. I will marry Miss Drummond and that blithely, STEVEN-
SON Catriona (1892) xxvii. Per. For Scotland's gude We'll blithely
shed our dearest bluid, NICOLL Poems (1837) 108, ed. 1843. Abd-
Hark how blythely they are singin', OGG Willie Waly (1873) 56.
Lnk. If my pooches werena sewed up for fear o' pickpockets I
wad blithely gie ye a penny, FRASER Whaups (1895) xv. (a) Ayr.
Another year had carried blitheness into the hearth of the cottar,
GALT Ann. Parish (1821) ii. Nhb.1 Sorrow to blythness was in-
stantly turned, Joco-Serious Disc. (1686) 8.
BLITHEMEAT, sb. Sc. Irel. In form blyd-meat
S. & Ork.1 The meal prepared for visitors at the birth of
a child.
Sc. Howdie did her skill For the blythmeat exert, TAYLOR
Poems (1787) 37 (JAM.). Sh.I. Whin Aedie Qt da blyde-maet for
himsell, BURGESS Rasmie (1892) no. S. & Ork.1 Frf. At blythe-
meat an' dredgy, yule-feast, an' infare, LAING Wayside Firs.
(1846) 145. Ayr. We'll hae blithesmeat before the sun gangs
doun, GALT Entail (1823) xxxiii. Gall. At this feast there is
always a cheese, called the ' cryin-oot ' cheese (W.G.). Ir. After
BLITHEN
[303]
BLOB
aving kissed and admired the babe . . . they set themselves to
the distribution of the blythe meat or groaning malt, CARLETON
Fardorongha (1848) i. s.Don. SIMMONS Gi. (1890).
BLITHEN, v. Sc. [blai'&m.] To cheer, make glad.
Ayr. A three thousand jointure would blithen her widowhood,
GALT Lairds (1826) ix ; (JAM.)
[Blithe, adj. + -en, as in gladden.]
BLITHER, see Blather.
BLITHESOME, adj. Sc. Stf. Also written blythe-
some Sc.
1. Merry, cheerful, happy.
Elg. Fair Elgina's bairnies' glee An* blythesome laugh, TESTER
Poems (1865) 157. Abd. Auld Lewie Law was a blythesome bit
bodie, OGG Willie Waly (1873) 59. Kcd. The blithesome blink o'
beauty's e'e, GRANT Lays (1884) 64. Rnf. Mony a blythesome day
we had, ALLAN Poems (1836) 7. Ayr. It's a blithesome place yon,
GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822) x ; I canna comprehend how it is you
would mak step-bairns o' your ain blithesome childer, ib. Entail
(1823) viii. Gall. These colleginersare blithesome blades, CROCKETT
Moss-Hags (1895) xxxiv.
2. Slightly intoxicated.
Stf. Monthly Mag. (1816) I. 494.
BLITHRAN, sb. Irel. The silverweed, Potentilla
anserina.
[Cp. Ir. briosglan, silver-weed, ' Potentilla anserina '
(O'REILLY).]
BLITTER, sb. Sc. The snipe, Gallinago coelestis.
Ayr. The howlet cry'd frae the castle wa', The blitter frae the
boggie, BURNS My Hoggie; A name orig. applied to the ' bittern,'
but that species of heron being now extinct the people apply the
term to the snipe (J.F.).
BLITTER-BLATTER, advb. phr. Sc. A term used
to express a rattling, irregular noise.
Dmf. Gun after gun played blitter-blatter, MAYNE Siller Gun
(1808) 31 (JAM.).
BUTTERED, pp. Cum.1 Torn by the winds.
BLIV, v. Suf. Ken. Sus. Also written bluv Suf.1
Ken.1 Sus.12 To believe.
Suf.1 1 bluv nut. Ken.1 I bliv I haant caught sight of him dis
three monts. Sus.1 'Taint agoing to rain to-day, I bluv ; Sus.2
[Pron. of believe.]
BLIZZARDED, pp. In gen. use in the midl. counties.
Used imprecatively.
Midi. May I be blizzerded \ N. & Q. (1888) 7th S. v. 217.
BLIZZEN, v. Sc. [bli'zan.] To parch, to dry up and
wither.
n.Sc. (JAM.) Edb. The grass got blizzent up wi the win' (W.G.).
BLIZZENER, sb. Not.3 [bli-z3na(r).] Anything
thrown or flashed on the face, which temporarily de-
prives one of sight or breath.
BLIZZER, so. In gen. use in the midl. counties. A
blaze, flash ; a blinding flash of lightning. Cf. blizzom.
Midi. That wor a blizzer ! Put towthry sticks on th' fire, an' let's
have a blizzer, AT. & Q. (1888) 7th S. v. 317.
BLIZZOM, sb. In gen. use in the midl. counties,
[bli-zam.] A blaze, a flash. Cf. blizzer.
Midi. A good blizzom, N. V Q. (1888) 7th S. v. 217.
Hence Blizzomer, sb. anything blinding, flashing, &c.
Midi. A blinding flash of lightning would call forth the remark :
My ! that wor a blizzomer, ib.
BLIZZOM, see Blissom, Blossom.
BUZZY, sb. Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Glo. Oxf. Brks.
Bck. Hmp. Wil. Written blissy Hmp.1; blissey Wil.1
[bli'zi.] A blaze, blazing fire ; a bonfire.
Lei.1 They joomped o' the blizzy an' douted it. Nhp.1 2 War.2 ;
War.3 It was a fine blizzy. se.Wor.1, Glo.1 Oxf.1 Let's 'a a bit
of a blizzy afore us goes to bed. Brks. (W.H.Y.) ; Brks.1 The
fire is said to be all of a ' blizzy ' when pieces of wood have been
inserted amongst the coal to make it burn cheerfully. n.Bck.
(A.C.), Hmp.1 Wil. BRITTON Beauties (1825) ; Wil.1
BLOA, adj. and sb. Yks. Also written blooa, bloar
w.Yks. ; bio w.Yks. Lin.
1. adj. Livid, leaden, of a bluish-purple colour. See
Blae.
Yks. THORESBY Lett. (1703). w.Yks. A bloar nose. A bloar
wound (J.T. ; w.Yks.2*
2. sb. A pale blue colour ; the mark of a bruise.
w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds.
3. adj. Bleak, cold. See Blae.
Lin. A bio' morning, THOMPSON Hist. Boston (1856) 699 ; Lin.1
4. sb. Ale. Apparently gen. used with adj. ' cold.'
w.Yks. What's ta suppin' ?— Cowd bio (B. K. ); Leeds Merc. Suppl.
(Oct. 31, 1891).
[1. Bio, blewe and grene coloured, as ones body is
after a drie stroke, PALSGR. (1530) ; Al to bio askes,
P. Plowman (B.) in. 97 ; I pray you crysten hym also,
Thoughe he be bothe blacke and bio, Sir Beues (c. 1350)
2306, ed. Kolbing, 122 ; £e bio tokened ¥e wateres wo,
Gen. &° Ex. (c. 1250) 638. ON. bla, livid.]
BLOACH, v. and sb. Wm. Yks. [bloat;.]
1. v. To divulge secrets, to blab.
Wm. Shoo went an' bloach'd it o' ower t'mill 'at shoo wor
bahn ta be wed (B.K.). w.Yks. (N.H.)
2. sb. A tale-bearer.
Wm. Shoe's a gurt bloach (B.K.). w.Yks.3
BLOACHED, ppl. adj. Wm. Nhp. Of a variegated
appearance ; spotted.
Wm. Used of the spotted skin of a heavy drinker (B.K.). Nhp.1
Applied to land when it is intersected by veins of a lighter
coloured earth ; Nhp.2 The bloached holly.
[Perh. conn. w. blotched.]
BLOACHER, sb. Nhb. Also written blutcher Nhb.1
[blo-t/ar.]
1. A heavy, unwieldy instrument or thing. Nhb.1
2. Applied to describe a huge animal of any kind.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. GROSE (1790) ; Nhb.1
BLOAKER, sb. Yks. [Unknown to our corre-
spondents.] Term applied to a child.
w.Yks.5 T'finest little bloaker yuh ivver clapt yuhr two ees
on, 35-
BLOAT-HERRING, sb. Suf. A smoked, half-dried
herring ; a bloater.
Suf. The word is fast going out of use (F.H.) ; Suf.1
[To the Dolphin, and there eat some bloat herrings,
PEPYS Diary (Oct. 5, 1661) ; Why you stink like so many
bloat-herrings newly taken out of the chimney, JONSON
Masque of Augurs (1621), ed. Cunningham, 162 ; Fumer, to
bloat, besmoake, hang or drie in the smoake, COTGR.]
BLOATY, adj. Lin. e.An. Also written blowty
Lin.1; blauthy e.An.1 Nrf.1 [blo'ti.] Bloated, puffy,
swollen.
n.Lin.1 She look'd real blowty last time I seed her. e.An.1 A
fond mother, looking at her poor little boy's swollen cheek, observed
sorrowfully, ' He was a bloaty little cousan and no mistake.' Nrf.
She wus a wunnerful blothy wumman iW.R.E.) ; Nrf.1 Suf. (F.H. )
BLOB, sb. and v. Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also Aus. Also written blab Sc. N.I.1; blub w.Yks.35
Hrf.2 Glo.1 Wil.1 See Blab, Bleb, [blob, blab.]
1. sb. A bubble ; a blister.
s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890). Nhb.1 Air blobs. n-Yks.1 Soap-
blobs. T'pool's a' ower blobs ; n.Yks.23, e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks.
Hev ya nivver seen t' lads makkin blobs ? Saunterer's Satchel
(1879 ; 10 ; We raize az gently as a ' soap blob,' TOM TREDDLEHOYLE
Bairnsla Ann. (1865) 32 ; w.Yks.235, Lan.1, Chs.1, Der.1 s.Not.
Oo, what a big blob I've blowed ! (J.P.K.) Lei.1, War.3 Shr.1
Dick's got a bad leg ; it come jest a little blob, an' sprad all o'er
'is leg like S. Anthony's fire. That fresh drink dunna-d-'afe work,
on'y jista blob 'ere an' theer. Hrf.1, Nrf.1, Cor.12
Hence Blobby, adj. containing bubbles ; also of weather :
very rainy.
Bnff.1 Spoken of a day when the raindrops, in falling on water,
cause bubbles or blobs to rise. Abd. (G.W.), n.Yks. (I.W.)
2. A drop of moisture ; a splash.
Sc. A blab of ink (JAM.) ; The feast of yestreen how it oozes
through In bell and blab on his burly brow, THOM Rhymes (1844)
72. Frf. In a wet day the rain gathered in blobs that passed our
garden. BAURIE Thrums (1889) 133. Lnk. Her een the clearest
blob o' dew outshines, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725) II. ii ; Wi' the
saut blobs drap drappin' frae his een into his horn spune, FRASER
Whaups (1895) xv. N.Cy.1 Stf.2 When th' reen cums dain i'
greet big blobs, it's sure t'reen to-morrow. n.Lin.1 The waiter
was hingin' e' blobs up o' th' eave straws. He did maake a blob
when he tum'l'd i'to th' beck. Nhp.1 The water hangs in blobs on
the eaves of a building after a shower ; Nhp.2 Shr.1 The swat
stood on 'is foryed i' blobs as big as pase.
BLOB
[304]
BLOG
Hence Blobbed, ppl. adj. blotted, smeared, soiled.
Sc. We still say that clothes are blabb'd (JAM.). e.Lth. It was
that sma'-written, forby bein a' blobbit an' crunkled, HUNTER
J. Inwick (1895) 27.
3. A small lump of anything ; a plumb.
11. Lin. Along o' my runnin' away wi' her crewell ball and
?nakin' a blobb for eels wi' it, PEACOCK /. Markenfield 11872) I.
113; nXin.1 A pear-shaped piece of lead which forms the weight
of a mason's level. e.An.1 [Applied to] anything thick, viscid, or
dirty, as tallow, dregs of ink, &c. [Aus. Put on a good blob of
meat, half as big as your fist, NICOLS Wild Life (1887) I. vi.]
4. The honey-bag of a bee. Sometimes also honey-
blab.
Ayr. Will ye help to haud it till I take out the honey blob? GALT
Entail (1823) xxiii. Ant. (W.H.P.), N.I.1 Nhb. Like honey
blobs me heart'll brust, ROBSON Callerforney (1849! ; Nhb.1
5. The best of anything.
Com.1 He teiik t'blob on't. n.Yks.3
6. The under-lip.
Nhp.1 See how he hangs his blob.
7. A box on the ear ; a blow.
Lin. If he'd thought it was Jacob, and given him what he calls
a blob, FENN Dick o' the Fens (1888) ii ; A blob in the eye
(J.C.W.).
8. In comp. (i) Blob-cap, a boys' game ; see below ; (2)
•fat, the bagged fat upon cattle in high condition ; (3)
•kite, the fish Lota vulgaris ; (4) -lip, a very full lip that
hangs down ; (5) -milk, milk with its cream mingled ; (6)
•ripe, very ripe, ready to burst like a drop of water.
(i) Dur.1 Hats are placed against the wall ; a ball is thrown from
the distance of a few yards into one of the caps or hats ; all then
run away except the owner of the cap, who hits any one that he
can with the ball, &c. (2) n.Yks.2 (3) nXin.1 The first blob-kite
I iver caught was e' Peacock warpin' drean. [SATCHELL (1879).]
(4) Nhp.1 (5) w.Yks.5 (6) N.Cy.1 Nhp. Applied to fruit, as
gooseberries (P.G.D.).
9. v. To bubble, to blister, sometimes with prep. up.
Bnff.1 Wm.1 It rains and blobs again [so hard as to make
the surface of water bubble]. n.Yks.12 w.Yks.5 Ah burnt me
fing-er, an' it blubb'd up in a minnit. When milk is poured from
one vessel into another, it ' blubs ' in the receiving vessel. Chs.1
Jam's ne'er done till it blobs. Stf.2
Hence Blobbing, vbl. sb. the rising of air-bubbles on
the surface of liquids.
n.Yks.1 Stf.2 Be sure tak it off th' foire as soon as it starts
a blobbing.
10. To swell up, to become puffy or bloated.
n.Yks.2 s.Wor. PORSON Quaint Wds. (1875). Hrf.2 Glo.
Well, your face be blubbed up ! (A.B.) ; Glo.1 Wil.1 A man out of
health and puffy about the face is said to look ' ter'ble blubbed up.'
Hence Blobby, adj. swollen.
Colloq. Such a funny blobby old nose, PEACOCK Soldier and
Maid (1890) iv.
11. To plunge or fall suddenly into the water.
n.Yks.2 I blobb'd in. e.Yks.1
12. To shake.
e-An.1, Nrf. (A.G.F.)
13. Of currants : to pick the ripe ones from the bunch.
Yks. (J.T.W.)
14. To catch eels by a bait of strung worms. Cum.1
Hence Blobbing, vbl. sb. the process of catching eels.
n.Lin.1
15. To rob a bee of its honey-bag. Also Jig. to plunder.
Ayr. He'll blob him like a bumbee, SERVICE Notandums 1890)
74. Gall. (A.W.)
BLOB, adj. e.An. [blob.]
1. Blunt. e.An.1, Suf.1
2. Comp. Blob-ended, blunt, rounded at the end.
e.An.1 A pen, a pencil, an awl, or a nail, is said to be blob-ended.
Suf.1 A parrot's tongue is said to be blob-inded.
BLOBBER, sb. and v.1 Nhb. Wm. Lan. Chs. Stf. Nhp.
War. Won e.An. Cor. Also written blubber Nhp.1
War.8 se.Wor.1 e.An.1 Nrf.1 [blo'ba(r).]
1. sb. A bubble.
Nhb.1 They're blawin blobbers wi' pipe-stopples. n.Lan.1,
m-Lan.1, s.Chs.i, Stf.2 War.3 Obs. To blow blubbers with a tobacco
pipe and soap and water was a favourite amusement se.Wor.1,
e-An.1, Nrf.1 Cor.1 ; Cor.2 All in great blobbers.
2. v. To bubble.
Wm. It o' blobbered ower t'pottop (B.K.) ; Wm.1, s.Chs.1. Stf.2
Nhp.1 The water blubbers up.
[l. Blober upon water, bouteillis, PALSGR. (1530) ; Blobyr,
burbulium, Prompt, (ed. Pynson). 2. The bloberond
blode blend with the rayn, Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 9642.]
BLOBBER, v? Stf. Shr. [blo'ba(r).] To cry in
a broken, sobbing manner.
Stf.2 filars ar Dik blobbarin agen ; if ja ouni laukn at 'im ei
starts 3 shroikin. Shr.1
BLOBBER, see Blubber.
BLOCHER, v. Ags. Per. (JAM.) To make a gurgling
noise in coughing.
BLOCK, sb.1 and v. Var. dial, usages in Sc. and Eng.
Also Aus. [blok.]
1. sb. A log.
Dev. An wat way tha zmal stiks za wul as tha blocks, Et raich'd
ta tha crook ware thay hang up tha crocks, NATHAN HOGG Poet.
Lett. (1847) 47, ed. 1865. Cor. The Christmas stock, mock, or
block, on which the rude figure of a man had been chalked, was
kindled with great ceremony, Flk-Lore Jrn. fi886) IV. 115.
2. A lump of soil (?).
Hrt. His ground . . . ploughed up in blocks, as we call it, that is,
clotty and rough, ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750).
3. In comb, (i) Block, hammer, and nail, a boys' game
requiring seven players, three of whom represent the
above-named articles, the remaining four being employed
to swing the hammer against the block ; (2) -horse,
a strong wooden frame with four handles for the purpose
of carrying blocks.
(i) Bnff.1 (2) e-An.1
4. v. To pelt, to knock ; to strike with a pole-axe.
Cam. A grand picter ov Jack blockin' gient Galligantus, FARRALL
Betty Wilson (1886) 54. Chs.1 ; Chs.3 A boy caught rather
suspiciously near a walnut tree, cried out ' I didna block, them,'
i.e. he was picking up fallen ones, not pelting them down. [Aus.
The bullock to be ' blocked' receives one [a blow] on the nose which
arrests him for an instant, BOLDREWOOD Colon. Reformer (1890)
II. xviii.]
5. Hence sb. an advanced stage of intoxication. Lin.1
See Blocker.
6. To exchange, to make a bargain.
Dmf. To block a shilling, to accept copper in lieu of it (JAM.).
Hence Blocking-ale, sb. a drinking together by persons
who have just concluded a bargain. Bch. QAM.)
[1. (The child) consumeth to nothing, as block in the
fier, TUSSER Hush. (1580) 26.]
BLOCKAN, sb. Irel. I.Ma. Also written blockin
I. Ma. The coal-fish Merlangus carbonarius.
N.I.1 The fry are called gilpins, small ones pickies ; the mid-sized
ones blockans and glashans, and when large, grey lord and stanlock.
I.Ma. Just a string of Callag a blockin, BROWNE Z>orfor(i887) Ixviii.
[SATCHELL (1879).]
BLOCKER, s*.1 Cum. Yks. [blo'kar, blo'ka(r).] A
hatchet, chopper, axe, pole-axe.
Cum.1 w.Yks. Shoo gate th' blocker an' wor baan to chop it
into chips, HARTLEY Clock Aim, (1872) 49 ; Gen. made throughout
of one piece of metal (J.T.) ; w.Yks.1 A broad axe used in squaring
timber; w.Yks.3
BLOCKER, sb? Lin. An advanced stage of intoxication.
Lin,1 He has got a blocker on to-day.
BLOCKING- AXE, sb. Obs. Shr.1 An axe employed
for squaring timber, having a handle so curved horizontally,
right and left, as to save the knuckles of the workman.
BLOCKY, adj. Shr.1 [blo'ki.] Short and stout.
BLODDER, v. Wm. [blo'dar.] Of liquor : to flow
with a gurgling sound out of a vessel with a narrow
aperture ; also to cry immoderately.
Wm. It's o' bloddered away oot o' t'bottle. What for is thoo
blodderin an rooarin ? (B.K.)
BLODDER, see Blather.
BLOG, sb. and v. Dev. Cor. Also in form bloggy Dev.
[blog.]
1. sb. A fig. use of block, q.v. Used of anything re-
sembling a block or log of wood.
Cor. I've a nice little blog of a horse, THOMAS Randigal Rhymes
(1895) 6.
BLOICHUM
[305]
BLOOD-OLPH
Hence Bloggy, adj. thick-set, stout.
Cor. A bloggy little horse, THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) Gl.
2. v. To look sullen or sulky.
n.Dev. Thee be olweys . . . blogging, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 313 ;
And than tha wut bloggy, ib. 1. 258 ; GROSE (1790) MS. add. iH.)
Hence Bloggy, adj. sulky, sullen.
Dev. Muve, bloggy, clopping blindego, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867
St. 4.
[Cp. Gaelic (dial.) blog, block, fr. E. block (MACBAIN).]
BLOICHUM, sb. Ayr. (JAM.) A person who has
a cough.
BLOIFIN, sb. e.An.1 [bloi'fin.] A cough.
BLOIK, sb. Obs.? Sc. Mischief.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
BLOINT, v. S. & Ork.1 To wink from the effects of
drowsiness.
BLOISENT, adj. Ags. GAM.) Of the face : red,
swollen, disfigured.
BLOIT, sb. e.Yks. [bloit.] A failure, a collapse.
e.Yks. Thing lewkt weel aneef ti staht wiv ; bud what a bloit
it ended wiv, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 92 ; e.Yks.1
BLOME-DOWN, adj. Obs.? Dor. Clumsy.
Dor. Gl. (1851).
BLONK, see Blunk.
BLOO, see Blow.
BLOOD, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Written blude Sc.
1. In comp. (i) Blood-blister, a small blister containing
blood, often caused by a pinch or smart blow ; (2) -boar,
a boar of the smoother, more highly-bred stock of swine,
as opposed to the long-haired or coarse breed ; (3)
-boltered, clotted with blood ; (4) -fallen, chilblained ;
(§) -friend, a relation by blood ; (6) -grass, a disease of
kine ;.(']) -hawk, the kestrel, Tinnunculus alandarius ; (8)
•iron, a fleam, or lancet for bleeding horses or cattle ;
(9) -lark, the meadow pipit or tit-lark, Anthus pratensis •
(10) -lights, Aurora borealis, the supposed sign of some
slaughter; in) -linnet, the linnet, Linota cannabina ; (iz>
-pudding, a ' black pudding,' a sausage mixed with pig's
blood; (13) -rot, a complaint among sheep; (14) -run,
(15) -shed, (16) -shorten, bloodshot; (17) -stale, a disease
of horses, in which the urine is mixed with blood ; (18)
•stick, (a) see -iron ; (b) a thoroughbred horse ; (c) a fiery,
obstinate person ; (19) -stone, a variety of hematite ; (20)
•warm, rather warmer than lukewarm ; (21) -weals,
ridges on the flesh from the lash of a whip ; (22) -wit,
obs., a fine paid for the effusion of blood.
(i) Chs.1 (a) n.Yks.1 (3) War. WISE Shakespere (1861) 113.
(4) e.An.1, Nrf.1 (5) Sc. The laird of Haddo yields to the Earl
Marischal, being his blood- friend, SPALDING Hist. Troubles in Sc.
(1792) II. 187 (JAM.). (6) ib. When cattle are changed from one
kind of pasture to another, some of them are seized with a complaint
called blood-grass, Agric. Sum. Sth. 100 (JAM.). (7) Oxf. [So
called] from the blood-red colour of the eggs, SWAINSON Birds
(1885) 140. (8) n/Yks.1 (9) Chs.1 Hmp. There be a blood-lark's
nest near t'pin-stock, there be (W.M.E.F.). (10) w.Ir. They are
distinguished from lightning by being called ' bloodlights.' When
of white, or blue, or other colours than red, when being described
you will hear it said ' they were not lightning, but seemed to be
some sort of breed of bloodlights,' Flk-LoreRec.(i88i) IV. 100. (n)
Nrf. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 64. (12) w.Yks.5, e.Lan.1 (13) Cmb.
MARSHALL Review (1814*) IV. 623; Reports Agric. (1793-1813).
(14) Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) (15) Ant. Your eye's all
bloodshed (J.S.). (16) ne.Wor. Obsol. (J.W.P.) (17) n.Lin.'
(18, a) n.Yks.1, n.Lin.1, se.Wor.1, Shr.1 (A, c) s.Not. She wor a
bloodstick, that mare. She hit 'im ower th 'ead wi' the proker ;
she wor a bloodstick i' them days (J.P.K.). e.Lln. (G.G.W.)
(19) Cum. This is of every gradation of hardness, from the reddle
... to the hardest bloodstone, HUTCHINSON Hist. Cum. (1794) I.
App. 51. (20) War.3 Hrt. Luke-warm or milk- or blood-warm,
ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) II. i. (21) n.Yks.2 (22) Sc. You are
aware the blood-wit was made up to your ain satisfaction, SCOTT
Waverley (1814) xlviii.
2. Comp. in plant-names : (i) Blood-cups, Pesisa coccinea ;
(2) -elder or -hilder, Sambacus ebulus ; (3) -root, Poten-
tilla tormentilla, the tormentil ; (4) -tongue, Galium apa-
"ne> (5) -vine, Epilobium angustifolium ; (6) -wall,
VOL. i.
Cheiranthus cheiri, the dark double wallflower; see
Bloody- warrior.
(i) Sus. i a) Nrf. Believed to have been brought over by the
Danes, and planted on the graves of their countrymen. (3) Nhb.1
Called also Flesh-and-blood, Ewe-daisy, and Shepherd's-knot.
1.4) Sc., Chs. (5) Hmp.1 (6) Chs.13, Nhp.1
3. In phr. (i) blood or blur and agers, an exclamation
or expletive ; (a) — and flummery, (3) — or blur and ouns,
(4) — and thunder, exclamations or expletives ; (5) to get
blood from a turnip, to achieve something almost im-
possible ; (6) to turn the blood, to cause a reaction by
means of some great shock, in cases of disease.
(i)Ir. Bluran' agers, don't be too curious, CARLETON Fardorougha
(1848) xvii. w.Ir. Blood-an-agers ! says I, Paddy, LOVER Leg.
(1848) I. 178. (2) Ir. Blood and flummery ! what a night, CARLE-
TON Fardorougha (1836) 234. (3) ib. Oh ! blood and oons !
BARRINGTON Sketches (1830) III. xvi ; (G.M.H.) w.Ir. Blur-an-
ouns, is it a tinker you are? LOVER Leg. (1848) I. 8. (4) Ker.
Why then, blood and thunder ! is that you, Lanegan ? BARRINGTON
Sketches (1830) I. viii. (5) N.I.1 (6) Dor. You must touch with
the limb the neck of a man who's been hanged. ... It will turn
the blood and change the constitution, HARDY Wess. Tales (1888)
I. 101.
4. A person, individual ; gen. used as a term of pity or
commiseration.
Ken. De poor blood hadn' had nodden tu eat fur three days
(P.M.). e.Ken. Poor little half-starved blood (G.G.). Ken^Commonly
used by the elder people.
[1. (4) Cp. bloody fall, an ailment of the feet similar to
chilblains. The angry chilblanes and bloudy-fals that
trouble the feet, HOLLAND Pliny (1601) II. 76. 8. Take
a bloud-yren, . . . and smyte hym bloudde on bothe
sydes, FITZHERBERT Hush. (15341 54; Bloode yryn,
bledynge yryn, Prompt.}
BLOOD, v.1 Sc. Irel. Yks. Lan. Lin. Wor. Dev.
1. To bleed ; to let blood.
Edb. As if her nose had been blooding, MOIR Mansie Wauch
(1828) 41; Ye mind when ye bluided my nose? STEVENSON
Puddin (1894) 22. N.I.1 Your nose is bloodin'. n.Yks.1 She
blooded nigh-hand a' t'weea hame. n.Lin.1 Th' hoss was blooded
three times, but he deed for all that. sw.Lin.1 The farrier came
and blooded him. Wor. A bloods 'im, an' a cuts 'im, an' a gies
'im doctors' stuff (H.K.).
Hence Blooding-iron, sb. a fleam for bleeding horses.
n.Lin.1
2. To make a dog draw the blood of an animal, to allow
hounds to eat the quarry.
Lan. A man who had a bull-terrier pup went out to blood it,
N. &1 Q. (1871) 4th S. vii. 311. n.Dev. The honour of blooding
a pack of hounds! WHYTE-MELVILLE Katerfelto 1 1875) xxv. [When
once well blooded they will retain an attachment to the scent,
MAYER Sptsmn's Direct. 1.1845) 16.]
[To bloud, let bloud, venam secare, sanguinem detrahere,
COLES (1679).]
BLOOD, v? Dor. pp. of to bleed.
w.Dor. I thought I should 'a blood to death (C.V.G.).
BLOOD-ALLEY, sb. In gen. dial. use. In form
bloody-olley Yks. ; bloody Not. A superior taw or alley,
made of white marble, streaked with deep red. See
Ally.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 7, 1891). s.Lan. (T.R.C.),
Chs.1, s.Not. (J.P.K.), Lei.1, Nhp.1 Oxf.1 MS. add. Brks.1
Wil. SLOW Gl. (1892) ; Wil.1
BLOOD-ALP, sb. Nrf. Suf. Sur. Som. Also in form
blood-oaf Suf. ; -olph e.An.1 Nrf.1 Sur. ; -ulphNrf.; -hoop,
•hook Som. The male bullfinch, Pyrrhula europaea. See
Alp.
e-An.1 Nrf. Them blood-ulphs are wunnerful things to bud the
bushes (W.R.E.) ; COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) 43; Nrf.1
Snf. (G.E.D.) ; Science Gossip (1882) 214; (F.H.) Snr. A^. £/ Q.
(1855) ist S. xi. 253; SWAINSON Birds ^1885) 67. Som. The
pinks an' blood-hooks (finches, thee do call 'em, an' bull-finches,
for sure), LEITH Lemon Verbena (1895) 38; (J.S.F.S.)
BLOODEN, adj. Obs. ? Irel. Fresh.
Wxf.1 Blooeden eales [eels].
BLOOD-HOOK, -HOOP, see Blood-alp.
BLOODINGS, sb.pl. Ken.12 Black puddings.
BLOOD-OLPH, see Blood-alp.
R r
BLOOD-RAING
[306]
BLOOM
BLOOD-RAING, v. Sc. Written bleed-iaing Bnft.1
To become bloodshot.
Bnff.1 His een a' begin t'bleed-raing finivver he tastes a drap o'
drink.
Hence Blood-raingt, ppl. adj. bloodshot. Bnff.1
BLOOD-SUCKER, sb. Irel. Lin. Som. Dev. Cor.
1. The common leech, the horse-leech.
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825). w.Som.1 Blid zeok-ur.
Dev. w. Times (Mar. 12, 1886) 6, col. 4 ; Dev.1
2. The gadfly.
n.Lin.1 Dev. w. Times (Mar. 12, 1886) 6, col. 4.
3. The sea-anemone or stinging jelly-fish.
N.I.1, Cor.12
[1. A blood sucker, hintdo, COLES (1679) ; Sangsue, a
horse-leech, a blood sucker, COTGR. ; If the sheepe haue
swallowed a horse-leach (in the Table of Contents ' bloud-
sucker'), MARKHAM Countrey Farme (1616) 116. 2. Blood-
sucker, a fly, anything that sucks blood, ASH ( 1795).]
BLOOD-ULPH, see Blood -alp.
BLOOD WORT, sb. (i) Erythroea centaurium, common
centaury (Shr.1) ; (2) Geranium Robertianum (Cum.1) ; (3)
Rumex hydrolapathum, water-dock (Chs.1) ; (4) R. san-
guineus (n.Cy.), bloody-dock.
[(3) Bloud woort or bloudy patience is called of some
Sanguis Draconis, GERARDE Herb. (ed. 1633) 391 ; Sang de
Dragon, the herb called bloodwort, bloody patience,
COTGR. (4) Among ' seedes and herbes for the kitchen '
Tusser mentions ' bloodwoort,' Hush. ( 1580) 93.]
BLOODY, adj. and adv. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Also in forms bleedie Sc. ; bliddy Dev.
1. adj. In comp. (i) Bloody-bat, the ' hat-bat,' Vespertilio
noctula ; (2) -bones, a goblin, a bogey ; (3) -pot, a black
pudding ; (4) -rogers, obs., an old-fashioned potato with
a very red skin ; (5) -scones, scones made of the blood
it was at one time customary to draw from the cattle on
a farm ; (6) — Thursday, the Thursday before Easter ; (7)
— wars, serious consequences ; also used as an exclama-
tion of annoyance.
(i)Lei.1 (a) Yks. Bloodybones would start up and tear them
limb from limb Farquhar Frankheart, 237. Lan. Children . .
cautioned against venturing too near the water's brink lest . . .
Bloody Bones should pull them in, HARLAND & WILKINSON
Flk-Lore (1867) 86. w.Som.1 Mothers constantly say to their
children : Aa'l puut ee een dhu daa'rkee oa'l lau-ng wai dhu
blid'ee boa'unz [I will put you in the dark hole, along with
the bloody-bones]. (3) n.Dev. Tha natlings an' tha bliddy-pot
Both turned out gude vor nort, ROCK Jim an' Nell 1867) st.
16. (4) Chs.1 Reckoned one of the best varieties forty or fifty
years ago. Now quite extinct ; Chs.3 (5) Gall. VW.G.) (6)
Nhb. N. & Q. (1854) 'St S. x. 87. e.Yks.' Children enumerate
the days of the week thus : ' Egg and collop Monday ; Pancake
Tuesday ; Ash Wednesday ; Bloody Thursday ; Lang Friday'll
nivver be deean, an Heigh for Setthaday efther-neean. (7) Ir. If
the Pope makes Dr. X. Archbishop there'll be bloody wars
(G.M.H.).
2. Comb, in plant-names : (i) Bloody -bells, Digitalis
purpurea, the foxglove ; (2) — butcher, Orchis mascula,
early purple orchis ; (3) — crane's bill, Geranium sangui-
neum ; (4) -dock, Rumex sanguineus ; (5) — Mary, Gera-
nium Robertianum, crane's-bill; (6) sea-dock, Lapathum
marinum sanguineum ; (7) -thumbs, quaker-grass.
(i) Lnk. (JAM.) (a) w.Wor.1, Shr.1, Hrf.2 (3) w.Yks. LEES
Flora (1888) 178. (4) w-Som.1 Blid'ee dauk. (5) w.Yks. (J W.)
(6) Cor.2 (7) se.Wor.1
3. Well-bred, having good blood in the veins.
n.Yks.1 A desput bloody-looking lahtle meear. She cooms ov
a bloody sort n.Lin.1 That's a bloody tit th' Squire rides noo.
He cums of a bloody stock, that's why he's kind to poor foaks.
4. Applied, without any definite meaning, to persons or
things. In gen. low colloq. use.
[In gen. colloq. use among the lowest classes; its derivation
attaches no sanguinary meaningto it, Lot. Gl. (1894).] n.Lin. It's
a bloody shame, N. &• Q. (1877) sth S. vii. 259. Ken. (D.W.L.)
[The lower classes use ' bloody ' indifferently as a term of de-
preciation or appreciation. 'Twas a bloody sight better than
county gaol, N. &• Q. ,1868) 4th S. i. 133.]
5. adv. Used as intensive : very, exceedingly des-
perately.
s.Wm. It was bleady cald, HUTTON Dial. Storth and Arnside
(1760) 1. 7.
[5. This is a bloody positive old fellow, FIELDING
wedding Day (1743) in. vi.J
BLOODY FINGERS, sb. (i) Arum macitlatum (Hmp.);
(2) Digitalis purpurea, the foxglove (Sc. Cum. Yks. Hrf.
w.Som.1) ; (3) Orchis mascula, the purple orchis (Glo.1).
(i) Hmp. Them bloody-fingers 'ill mak red berries in th'autumn
(W.F.). (a) Bwk. The primrose, the bludifinger, and the crawtac
grow unsqueezed and unlocked at, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes
(1856)83. Gall. (JAM. j Hrf.2 Called also ' fairy gloves.'
BLOODY MAN'S FINGERS, sb. (i) Arum maculatum
(Wor.) ; (2) Digitalis purpurea, the foxglove (Hrf. Rdn.) ;
(3) Orchis mascula, the purple orchis (Chs.18 Wor. Glo.1) :
(4) Orchis morio (Chs.1) ; (5) Scilla nulans (Glo.).
(a) Rdn. N. & Q. (1878) 5th S. x. 105. (3) Glo. Science Gossip
BLOODY-WALL, see Bloody- warrior.
BLOODY-WALLIER, see Bloody-warrior.
BLOODY-WARRIOR, sb. Stf. Nhp. Shr. Glo. Oxf.
Brks. Bdf. Hmp. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also in form
bloody-wall Stf.1 Bdf. ; bloody-wallier w.Cy. ; bloody-
wayer Som. ; bliddy-waryers Dev.
1. The dark-coloured wallflower, Cheiranthus cheiri.
n.Stf. N. tj Q. (1872) 4th S. ix. 375. Stf.1, Nhp.1, Shr.1, Glo.1,
Oxf.1, Brks.1, Bdf. (J.W.B. , Hmp.1 Wil. He dressed himself in the
cleanest of smocks, . . . stuck a bloody-warrior, or dark-coloured
wall flower, in his bosom. EWING Jan Windmill (1873) vi ; Wil.1
Dor. So called from the blood-like tinges on its corolla, BARNES
Gl. (.1863) ; (C.V.G.) Som. SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885;.
w.Som.1 Blid'ee wauryurz. Dev. Dark-skinned as th' Bloody-
warrior, MADOX-BROWN Yath-hounds (1876) 256; I've agot a
'mazing crap ov bliddy-waryers thease yer, HEWETT.Peas. Sp.
(1892) ; Dev.14, nw.Dev.1, Cor.12
2. The red crane's-bill. Cor.12
BLOOENS, see Blowings.
BLOOM, sb.1 Sh.I. Chs. e.An. Ken. Wil. Dor. Dev.
[blum.]
1. A rosy colour or flush on the face.
Wil.1 Ther you knaws as I do allus get the hot blooms ter'ble
bad. Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863) ; Dor.1
Hence (i) Blooming, vbl. sb. flushing of the face in
fever ; (2) Bloomy, adj. having a high colour.
(i) Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) (a) Chs.1; Chs.3 A
bloomy wench.
2. The efflorescent crystallization upon the outside of
thoroughly dried fish.
Sh.I. When the body of a fish is all equally dried, it is known
by the salt appearing on the surface in a white efflorescence, here
called bloom, Agric. Surv. 91 (JAM.). S. & Ork.1
3. Plumage of a bird.
e-An.1 Cock teal in full bloom.
Hence Bloomage, sb. plumage of a bird. Ken.1
BLOOM, sb.2 Sc. Irel. Wm. Lan. Stf. Shr. [blum.] A
square mass of iron, which has passed a second time
through the furnace.
Sc. The name given at Carron iron-works to malleable iron
after having received two beatings. The pig-iron is melted, and
afterwards beaten out into plates an inch thick . . . ; they are
brought under the hammer and wrought into what are called
blooms, Agric. Surv. Stiii. 348 (JAflO. Ir. Ulster Jrn. Arch.
(1855) III. 197. Stf.1, Shr.12 [They bring it to a bloom, which
is a four square mass of about two foot long, RAY (1691) ; (K.)]
Hence (i) Bloomery, sb. a furnace for smelting iron
with charcoal ; (2) Bloom-smithy-rent, obs., a rent for the
use of ovens and furnaces.
(i) Ir. There be not ten iron furnaces, but above twenty forges
and bloomeries, PETTY Pol. Anat. (1571) in Ulster Jrn. Arch.
(1855)111.197. Wm.1 (a'l Lan. (K.)
[OE. bloma, a mass of metal. Bloma o$$e dah, massa,
Voc. MS. Cott. (c. 1080) in Wright's Voc. 334. (i) Blomary,
is that forge, where the iron, stone, or oare is first melted
into pigs; now called a furnace, BLOUNT (1681).]
BLOOM, v. Hmp. Wil. Of the sun : to shine scorch-
ingly ; to throw out heat as a fire.
Wil.1 How the sun do bloom out atween the clouds.
BLOOM-FELL
[307]
BLOUSY
iencc (i) Blooming, #>/. adj., (2) Bloomy, adj. sultry,
i Wil.1 'Tis a main blooming day. (2) Hmp.1 It's bloomy hot.
Wil. BRITTON Beauties (1825) ; Wil.1
BLOOM-FELL, sb. Sc. The yellow clover, Lotus
corniatlatus. Also called Fell-bloom.
Sc. Ling, deer-hair, and bloom-fell, are also scarce. Prize Ess.
Higltl. Soc. III. 524 (JAM.).
BLOOMING, adj. Irel. Comb, in plant-names : (i)
Blooming Sally, the hairy willow-herb, Epilobium hirsu-
tum (N.I.1) ; (a) — willow, E. angustifolium (Don.).
BLOOMTH, sb. Suf. Bloom, blossom.
Suf. Them crokers are a nubbin for the bloomth the crocuses
are coming (budding) into blossom] (C.T.).
[Bloom (vb.) + -t/i ; cp. tilth, fr. till, vb.]
BLOOMY-DOWN, sb. Som. The sweet-william,
Diantliits barbatus.
Som. Gilliflowers, warriors, bloomy-downs, and fully a hundred-
weight of boy's love, RAYMOND Sam and Sabina 1 1894) 34.
w.Som.1 Bleo'mee daewn.
BLOOR, see Blore.
BLOOSTER, sb. Sh.I. Also in form bluster. Rough,
barren ground, scarcely worth cultivation.
Sh.I. (K.I.) ; (Coll. L.L.B.)
BLOOTH, see Blowth.
BLORE, v. Yks. Lin. Nrf. Suf. Also written bloor
n.Lin.1 [blua(r).]
1. Of cattle : to bellow, low. See Blare, v.
n.Lin.1, e.An.1 Nrf. The child ' squalls,' the cow ' blores,' or the
calf ' blares,' CLYDE New Gar. (1866) i ; They blored and weant
on in such a way, . . swishing their tails, SPILLING Molly Miggs
(1873^ x. Snf. Never confounded with ' blare ' ' F.H.1) ; The stock
run bloren about for wittles, CLYDE New Gar. (1866' 271.
2. Of children : to weep, cry out loudly.
w.Yks.2 n.Lin. SUTTON Wds. (1881) ; n.Lin.1, Snf. (F.H.)
BLORT.z;. and sb. Sc. Yks. Der. Not. Written blawt
w.Yks. Not. [bl§t.]
1. v. To bellow loudly, make a loud noise ; to cry. See
Blart.
w.Yks. What's teh blawt like that for ? Leeds Merc. Sufpl.
(Oct. 24, 1891). Der.2, nw-Der.1. Not. (J.H.B.), s.Not. (J.P.K.),
Not.18
2. Of a horse : to snort. Fif. (JAM.)
3. To talk nonsense. s.Not. (J.P.K.)
4. sb. A loud noise.
w.Yks. Shoo ga' sich a blawt. Leeds Merc. Suppl. fOct. 24, 1891).
BLOSH, see Blash.
BLOSS, sb. Sc. Irel. Yks. Lin. [bios.]
1. A term of endearment ; a buxom young woman. See
Blossom.
Sc. Here, like queens, haud up their heads Thinking they're
sonsy blosses, Airdrie Fair, st. 16 (JAM.). N.I.1
2. Used^ ironically of any ugly sight ; a ' fright ' ; an
untidy head of hair.
ne.Yks.1 Thoo diz leeak a bonny bloss i' that au'd goon. Lin.1
What a bloss you have, sureli.
BLOSSOM, sb.1 Yks. Chs. Lin. Hit. Wil. Som. Dev.
Also in form blassom s.Chs.1 ; blizzum Chs.1 [blo'sam.]
1. In comp. (i) Blossom-time, the time of flowering; (2)
•withy, Phlox acutifolium.
(i i Hrt Others turn their sheep and lambs together among their
beans to remain till blossom time, ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) II. i.
(2 Dev.* The plant has the appearance of a withy in bloom.
2. The flower of the hawthorn.
w.Som.1 School Inspector : ' What do you mean by May ? '
(Several hands up) — ' Blossom.' nw.Dev.1
3. A snowflake.
Wil. I da think as it be goin' to snow. Anymore than there was
a few blossoms s'marnin <W.C.P.N; Wil.1 What girt blossoms
'twer to the snow isterday.
4. Used ironically as a mild term of reproach to a
woman ; a hussy.
w.Yks.2, Chs.1 s.Chs.1 Oo)z u blaas flm, 60 iz [hoo's a blassom,
hoo is]. n-Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 Oh, what a blossom yon lass is.
5. An odd figure, queer character ; an extremely dirty
person or thing.
u.Yks.2 (s.v. Bonny). e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.'i w.Yks.8 A
bonny blossom.
BLOSSOM, sb.2 e.An. [blo'sam.] The state of cream
in the operation of churning, when it seems to be in a state
of fermentation. e.An.1
Hence Blossomed, adj., said of cream becoming full
of air whilst churning. e.An.1, Nrf.1
BLOT, v.1 and sb. Lin.
1. v. In phr. blot about, to shoot aimlessly.
n.Lin. That lad'Il be shuttin' aaither hissen or sum on uz afoore
he's dun blottin' aboot (M.P.); n.Lin.1 I'll not hev thoo blottin'
aboot wi' that theare pistil.
2. sb. The report of a gun or pistol. n.Lin.1
BLOT, v? Sc. [Unknown to our correspondents.] To
puzzle, nonplus.
Per. Own'd that lecture did him blot, DUFF Poems, no (JAM.).
BLOTCH, sb. and v. Yks. Chs. Not. Lin. [blotf.]
1. sb. A blot.
n.Yks. In Cleveland, 'blot' is supposed to be vulgar (I.W.).
e.Yks.', w.Yks.3, Chs.1, s.Chs.1, Not. (J.H.B.), nXin.1
2. Blotting-paper.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 7, 1891) ; w.Yks.s
3. v. To blot.
n/Yks.1, ne.Yks.1 Chs.1 He's blotched his copy-book. s.Chs.1
s.Not. Johnny's blotched ma copy raight across ; three gret
blotches (J.P.K.). n.Lin.1 Noo, lads, doant blotch yer books nor
suck yer pens.
Hence (i) Blotch-paper, (2) Blotching-paper, blotting-
paper.
(i) n-Yks.1 w.Yks. PIPER Dial. Sheffield (1824; : w.Yks.8,
Not.1, n-Lin.1 (2) e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Common in Wilsden, Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 7, 1891). Chs.1, s.Chs.1
[1. Spots and blotches of several colours and figures,
HARVEY On Consumptions (JOHNSON).]
BLOTEN, pp. Chs. Also written bloaten Chs.123
[bloten.] Excessively fond of. Also in comp. Bloten-
fond. See Globed to.
Chs. RAY (1691); The child is bloten of her, GROSE (1790);
BAILEY (1721) ; COLE (1677) ; (P.R.) ; Chs.123
BLOTHER, see Blather.
BLOTS, sb. pi. Sh.I. [blots.] Water prepared for
washing clothes ; dirty water, soapsuds.
Sh.I. Shu taks a tub o soapy blots, BURGESS Rasmie ( 1892) 53 ;
(Coll. L.L.B.) ; Clothes are gen. washed in three waters, the first,
second, and third blots (K.I.). S. & Ork.1
[Cogn. w. ON. bloti, a thaw, melting ; cp. bleyta, to soak,
moisten.]
BLOT-SHEET, sb. Sc. [blot-Jit.] Blotting-paper.
Per. Far commoner than 'blotting-paper' (G.W.). Ayr.. Lnk.
(J.F. ) Lth. My memory is like a lot o' sheets o' blotsheets, or
' blottin'-paper.' as they call it now-a-days, STRATHESK More
Bits (1885) 5.
BLOU, see Blow.
BLOUNCING BESS, sb. Cor.3 The plant Valerian,
Valeriana officinalis.
BLOUND,/>/>. Bdf. [bleund.] Blinded.
Bdf. BATCHELOR Anal. Eng. Lang. (1809) 126.
[Blound, pp. of blind, after the analogy of bound, pp. of
bind.]
BLOUNDERS, see Blaunders.
BLOUSE, sb.lpl. Hrf.2 The pollen of grass.
[Repr. lit. E. blows, pi. of blow, a display of blossoms,
fr. blow (OE. blowan).]
BLOUSE, sb?pl. Hrf.2 The mites in old cider.
[Repr. lit. E. blows, the eggs of flesh-flies or other
insects, fr. blow (OE. blawan).]
BLOUST, v. and sb. Sc.
1. v. To brag, boast. Rxb., Bwk. QAM.)
2. sb. An ostentatious account of one's own doings, a brag.
Sc. Is't to pump a fool ye meddle Wi' a' this bloust o' straining
widdle, A. SCOTT Poems (18051 131.
[Prob. cogn. w. lit. E. bluster.]
BLOUSY, sb. Yks. Written blowsey w.Yks.5 A
blouse, a white cotton coat. Cf. blouze.
w.Yks. LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) ; Fra a blowsey, up tov
a surtoot, BLACKAH Poems (1867) 35; w.Yks.5 In gen. use for
summer wear.
[A der. of blouse, Fr. blouse, the loose upper garment of
the French workman.]
R r 2
BLOUT
[308]
BLOW
BLOUT, sb. and v. Sc. Also written blowt (JAM.).
1. sb. A sudden eruption of a liquid substance, accom-
panied with noise (JAM.).
2. The sudden breaking of a storm ; a sudden fall of rain,
snow, &c., accompanied with wind.
Sc. A blout of foul weather. Vernal win's, wi' bitter blout, Out
owre our chimlas blaw, TARRAS Poems (i8o4N 63 QAM.).
3. pi. The noise made by liquids boiling over a hot fire ;
water ejected from fiercely boiling water. Also foul
water thrown from washing-tubs, &c.
w.Sc. Keep your blouts for your ain kail-yard (JAM. Suppl.}.
4. v. Of liquids : to belch or rush out with force.
w.Sc. The bung bowtit out, and the yill blowtit after 't (JAM.
Suppl.}.
Hence (i) Blouter, sb. a blast of wind ; (2) Bloutering,
vbl. sb. boasting, bragging.
(i) Sc. (JAM.) (a~ Slk. Cacklin about Coleridge, or blouterin
about Byron, CHR. NORTH Nodes fed. 1856) III. 192.
BLOUZE, see Blowze.
BLOUZED, />/>. e.An.12 [bletrzd.] Of plants: hindered
by overlapping one another.
BLOVER, sb. Dor. [Not known to our correspondents.]
The black pollack.
Dor. w.Gazette (Feb. 15, 1889) 6, col. 7.
BLOVERS, sb. pi. Dev.3 Jelly-fish.
BLOW, sb.1 Sc. Nhb. Yks. Shr. Hrf. Dev. Cor. Written
blaa Nhb.1 ; blaw Sc. n.Yks.2 ; blyave Bnff.1 [bla, bl§,
bloa.]
1. A current of air, a blast, gust.
Sc. She wechts the corn anent the blaw, TARRAS Poems (1804)
67 (JAM.). Per. Life's raging storm Wi' keen and eerie blaw. NICOLL
Poems (1837) 257, ed. 1843. Lnk. Winter's win' comes frae the
north Wi' bitter blaw, THOMSON Musings (1881) 49. n.Yks.2 Out
at all weathers, rain, snaw, or blaw. Hrf.2 A cold blauw.
2. Breath.
Nhb.1 Get yor blaa. n.Yks. (W.H.)
3. A smoke of tobacco.
n.Sc. A took a blaw o' ma pipe t'heat ma moo (W.G.). Per.
Come o'er by an' get a blaw o' the cutty wi's (G.W.). Lth. She
. . . lichtin her cutty, sat doun for a blaw, SMITH Merry Bridal (1866)
114. Gall. Gie us a blaw o' your pipe (A.W.).
4. A bladder, used to carry yeast, &c.
Dev. w.Times (Mar. 12, 1886 } 6, col. 4 ; Dev.1 ; Dev.3 Mind yu
keep the blows ready tii put the mort in. Cor.Common M.A.C.1;
Cor.2 MS. add.
Hence Blower, sb. a bladder.
Dev. Blowers of mort [lard], N. & Q. (1883) 6th S. vii. 27.
5. An upheaval in the centre of a colliery way, caused
by the pressure of the earth on either side.
w.Yks. They'd a blow in the way an' hed ta work o' neet ta
straighten it up (B.K.) ; I.S.J.C.)
6. Fig. A boast, bravado ; a falsehood told from ostenta-
tion ; one who boasts or brags.
Sc. Bonaparte, loud vaunting smart, It was a fearfu' blaw that, A.
SCOTT Poems (1805) 187; Donald thinks for a' their blawThat he will
fend, Har'si Rig (1801) St. 22. n.Sc. He tells greit blaws (JAM.) ;
Ye needna begin wi ony o' yer blaws ; we a' ken faht ye are.
Jist haud yer tung, man, a' boddie kens it that's a great blaw (_ W.G.).
Bnff.1 Per. They're nae worth makin' a blaw aboot (G.W.).
7. pi. Affairs, things to be done, in phr. fall of blows.
Shr.1 I canna-d-aw'ile to fettle that this mornin , I'm full o'
blows.
BLOW, v.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also
written blaa Nhb.1 e.Yks.1; blaw Sc. N.Cy.1 n.Lin.1 Nhp.2
Cor.12 ; blyave Bnff.1
1. To breathe, to take breath.
Ayr. Thou never lap, and sten't an' breastit, Then stood to blaw,
BURNS To Auld Mare (1786) st. 14. n.Yks. A'v run till a can
hardly bio. That animal bloes hard iW.H.). n-Lin.1 You've
ridden middlin' hard or yer herse wo'dn't blaw like that.
Hence (i) Blawed, (2) Blown, pp. out of breath.
^ (i) Cor.2 (2) War.3 I can't go on playing— I'm blown. Dor.
I'm blown too. It was all up hill, HARDY Jude (1896) pt. I. viii.
2. Of wind instruments : to play, sound.
n-Lin.1 Dor. The band did blow an beat aloud, BARNES Poems
(1863) 5. w.Som.1 Fiddles and drums are played, but flutes,
trombones, &c., are always bloa-d. A man told me his bridh-ur
Bee-ul kn bloa- dhu fliiet kaap-ikul.
3. To cry aloud. Nhp.2
4. To smoke, esp. to blow tobacco.
Sc. I'll blaw awa an' sit mum, LUMSDEN Sheep-Head, 267. Bnff.,
Abd. (W.G.) Per. (G.W.) Wm. We'll blow a bit o' bacca, lads
(B.K.). w.Yks. His bacca he did blah, TWISLETON 'Bacca Smookin'
(1867).
5. To dry fish in the open air without salt. S. & Ork.1
Hence (i) Blown-cod, a split cod half dried ; (2) -fish,
fish dried by exposure to the wind ; (3 ) -herring, a herring
slightly cured for speedy consumption ; (4) -meat, flesh
or fish dried by the wind ; (5) -skate, skate dried without
salt by pressure and exposure to the wind ; (6) Blowty,
a house where bloaters are cured.
(i) Ags. (JAM.) (2) S. & Ork.1 (3) e.An.1 Blown fish are
smoked but once. On some parts of our coasts a blown-herring
is called a tow-bowen. Suf.1 (4) Sh.I. (.JAM.) (5) Bnff.1 Bnff.,
Abd. We got blawn skate on a plate wi taties t'wir dainner (W.G.).
(6) Suf. Now seldom heard (F.H.).
6. To smelt iron in a cupola furnace.
w.Yks. We'se be blawing to-morn (S.K.C.).
Hence (i) Blowing-house, sb. a place for melting tin,
so called from the fire perpetually kept up by a large
bellows turned by a water-wheel ; (2) — tin, sb. the melting
of ore in the blowing-house ; (3) -out-shot, sb. a shot
which has blown out the stemming without removing the
coal or stone.
(i, 2) Cor.2 (3) Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
7. In winnowing : to remove seeds or dust remaining in
the corn by subjecting it to the action of the fan only, as
it passes through the machine. nw.Dev.1
Hence Blower, sb. a winnowing machine.
n.Lin. A^. & Q. (1852) 1st S. v. 375 ; n-Lin.1
8. To swell, puff up, explode, burst; also Jig. to puif up,
flatter, to fill one's mind with groundless hopes. Gen.
foil, by up.
Sc. I blew him up sae, that he believed everything I said. Ye
first burn me, and then blaw me, Prov. (JAM.) n.Sc. She blew
hersel up wi' the thocht it Tarn wiz gyain t'mairry 'er at the Term
(W.G.). Per. Dinna blaw up the laddie wi' yer fine promises
(G.W.). Lin. The sluice 'blew up ' and the Ouse once more became
tidal, MILLER & SKERTCHLY Fenland (1878) vii. n.Lin.1 His
eyelid was tang'd wi' a bea an' was that blawd-up it was a regular
sight. The barrier-bank hes blawed-up at Gainsb'r. Nhp.1 I've
eaten nuts till I'm quite blowed up.
Hence (i) Blawing, vbl. sb. a windy tumour or swelling;
(2) Blawn, sb. a pimple after a gnat-bite, a blain.
1,1) Wm. (K.) (2) Ken. (W.F.S.)
9. Of cattle, sheep, &c. : to swell out after eating too much
green food.
n.Yks. Yon coo is sadly bloan up, sha can hardly git her wind
(W.H.). niin.1 His steers got among red-cloaver, one on 'em
was that blawd-up 'at it deed. Suf. (C.T.), Wil.1
Hence (i) Blowed, (2) Blown, pp. distended, overfed.
(i) Oxf.1, Brks.1 n.Wil. Them ship 'ull shower to get blowed
in thuc grass, 'tis so froom (E.H.G.). Cor.2 (2) Ken. (P.M.)
10. Of flies or insects : to deposit eggs, breed ; to render
putrid. In gen. use.
Chs.1 n-Lin.1 Meat's that blawd it isn't fit fer Christ'ans. Lon.
slang. When each fly has blown, there'll be some millions, MAYHEW
Land. Labour (1851) III. 32.
Hence (i) Blown, adj. putrid, filled with flies; (2)
Blown-meat, sb. meat impregnated with the eggs of flies.
(i) Wm. T'meat was blown (B.K.). w.Yks. Any article which
is deceptive in appearance is often termed 'flea-blown' (J.T.).
War.3 Lon. Meat kept, whether cooked or uncooked, until
' blown,' MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) II. 132. (2) Nhb.1, w.Yks.13,
Nhp.1
11. Fig. To scold, rate, rebuke ; to fly into a passion ;
also used with prep, off or into.
Bnff.1 He wiz jist blyavin' agehn, fin he cam in, an' saw fou ill
the wark hid been deen. w.Yks. Shoo began blowing into him i'
fine style, HARTLEY Ditties (c. 1873) 1 14 ; T'gaffers bin blowin off
a bit abaht yon piece (B.K.). Chs.1 Schoo-mester blowed 'em for
bein raind th' stove. sJNot. Ah did blow 'im, an' well 'e desarved
it (J.P.K.).
12. To divulge, spread abroad, betray.
Sc. I will blow her ladyship's conduct in the business. SCOTT St.
Ronan '1824) xxii. Ir. There's no needcessity for blowin' it
BLOW
[3°9l
BLOWER
out to every one I meet, CARLETON Fardorougha (1848) ii. Nhb.
.O.H.) Nhp.1 I told him not to tell, but he blowed me directly.
Slang. If I blow on him he'll be put in chokey, HAGGARD Col.
Quaritch (1888) II. iii.
13. To boast, brag.
Abd. The grieve's aye blawin', ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871)
xi. Per. Ye blew aboot that troot for the hale winter, IAN
MACLAREN Auld Lang Syne (1895) 142. Ayr. He brags and he
blaws o' his siller, BURNS Tarn Glen, st. 3. Lnk. Blaws away
aboot hisel' like a hunder' o' pipers, FRASER Whaups (1895) xiii.
Kcb. He blaw'd o' his sheep, ARMSTRONG Ingleside (1890) 156.
n.Cy. BorderGl. (Coll. L.L.B.) Nhb. The Tweed he may brago' his
sawmon, An' blaw of his whitlins the Till, Coquetdale Sngs. (1852)
84. Yks. (C.C.R.) [Aus., N.S.W. I don't want to blow, but it
takes a good man to put me on my back, BOLDREWOOD Robbety
Vi888) I. i.]
Hence (i) Blower, sb. a boaster, one given to exaggera-
tion ; (2) Blowing, (a) ppl. adj. boasting, bragging ; (b)
vbl. sb. flattery, boasting.
(i) Bnff.1 [Aus. The biggest blower in the district . . . he'll beat
even my stories into fits, PRAED Romance of Station (1892) II. v.]
(2) Sc. Ye have ever loved to hear the blawing blazing stories,
SCOTT Redg. (1824) Lett. ix. n.Sc. He's a muckle blawin chiel ; ye
canna trust a word he says ( W.G.). Bnff.1 (3) Bnff.1 He's been
awa in America, an' he hauds a sair blyavan aboot fat he did fin
he wiz there. Per. Ye 'ill bring a judgement on the laddie wi' yir
blawing, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush (1895) 32.
14. To ' huff' in the game of draughts ; to defeat, beat.
Sc. (JAM.), Bnff. (W.G.) Abd. ' I'll blaw you gin ye dinna
tak.' Blowing on the piece after lifting it from the board is a
symbolical action, indicating that the piece is out of play (G.W.).
Hrt. I'll try and mend it, but I expect I shall be blowed (G.H.G.).
15. To disappoint ne.Lan.1
16. To fish.
neXan.1, Won (J.R.W.)
17. Comp. (i) Blow-away, (2) -ball, the seed-head of
a dandelion, Leonlodon taraxacum ; (3) -bellows or bailies,
a pair of bellows ; (4) -bleb, a bubble, esp. a soap-bubble ;
(5) -boat, a dredger, worked by five or six men,
used at Sandwich ; (6) -coal, a sheet of tin placed before
the fire to cause a draught ; (7) -fly, the bluebottle,
Musca vomitorius; (8) -malinger, obs., a fat, full-faced
person ; (9) -pipe, a child's toy for blowing arrows or
peas, made of the stalk of hemlock; (10) -poke, a fat
pursy fellow, one who assumes an air of great im-
portance; (n) -tin, see -coal; (12) -up, a quarrel; (13)
-well, (a) a natural spring or well in the bed or foreshore
of a river; (b) an intermittent spring; (c) a place in
boggy land where marsh gas rises up to the surface in
bubbles.
(i) s.Not (J.P.K.) (a) w.Yks.2 (3) s.Chs.1 Bloa'-baaliz or
bloa--belis. Stf.2, ne.Wor. (J.W.P.) Shr.1 'As any one sid the
blow-belTys 1. I canna get this fire to tind ; Shr.2 (4) e.Yks.1 (5)
Ken. (P.M.) (6) Dev. Ef thease grate smawk'th like this us must
'a' a blawcawl made avor winter, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892). (7)
Chs.1, Lei.1, Nhp.1, War.3, Hnt (T.P.F.) (8) n.Dev. Ya blow-
maunger Ba-arge, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 200. Dev.1 In the ne. only.
(9) n.Lin.1 (10) Lan.1 (n) w.Yks. Put t'blow-tin up afooar
t'fire, can't ta ? (B.K.) (12) nXin.1 Him an' her hes hed a
straange blaw-up. Let1 Nhp.1 They had quite a blow-up. War.3
There's bin a regular blow-up between 'em. (13) Lin. N. & Q.
(1854) ist S. x. 208. n.Lin.1 From the treacherous and boggy
nature of the soil and the many concealed blow-wells, CORDEAUX
Birds of Humber, 61.
18. In phr. (i) to blow a coal, to make mischief or sow
dissension between neighbours ; (2) — his bags out, to
fill or distend the stomach with food ; (3) — This kite, to
fill his belly ; (4) — the horns off the kye, said of a cold
and stormy day ; (5) — the river, to dredge ; (6) -rny-lug,
a ' fleechin,' noisy fellow ; (7) — in my lug, (a) to cajole,
flatter ; (b) a flatterer, flattery ; (8) — down, to bring down
coal or stone with gunpowder ; (9) — low, to keep quiet,
avoid boasting ; (10) — on, to speak ill of; to start work
by the blowing of a whistle; (n) — over, to collapse;
(12) — up, (a) of the wind, to increase in force; (b) the
call to workmen to resume work ; (13) -ing up the piper
with false music, see below ; (14) -ing for burns, breathing
into a wound with the accompaniment of a form of
words; (15) to go further than he can blow, to perform
impossibilities ; (16) -ing gar ss, the blue mountain-grass ;
Melica caerulea ; (17) blown apples, apples blown from the
tree before they are ripe ; ( 18) blown fruit, fruit blown
down by the wind ; (19) blown drink, the remainder of
drink left in a glass of which one or more have been par-
taking ; (20) blown-up, bankrupt.
(i) Dev.1 Twas'n for want of a good will the nasty litter leg-
trapes had'n a blow'd a coal betwextyou an me, Bet, 7. (2) e.Yks.1
(3) w.Yks. (S.K.C.) (4) Ant. A tell you that's a day wud blaw
the horns aff the kye, Ballymena Obs. (1892). (5) Ken. (P.M.) (6)
Nhb.1 (7, a)Sc. (JAM.) ; Dinna blaw in folks' lugs that gate, SCOTT
Redg. (1824) Lett. xii. (b) Sc. Ye are a fine blaw-in-my-lug to
think to cuitle me off sae cleverly, SCOTT St. Ronan (1824) ii.
Rxb. (JAM.) (8) Nhb.1 (9) Slk. Blaw lown, Dan ; ye dinna ken
wha may hear ye, HOGG Perils of Man (1822) III. 3 (JAM.). Cum.
(M.P.); Cum.1 (10) w.Yks. (B.K.) n.Lin.1 Her character hes
been blawd on high an' low. (ii) n.Yks.1 My umbrella blew
ower, an' was spoiled (I.W.). (12, a) w.Som.1 T-l bloa- aup
umbaay aay rak-n [it (the wind) will rise by and by, I think].
nw.Dev.1 (6) w.Yks. (B.K.), Glo.1 (13) s.Ir. When he [the
piper] got too drunk to play any more, he was treated as a corpse ;
. . . they put the drone of his pipe into his mouth, and blew with the
bellows till he was bloated, BARRINGTON Sketches (1827-33) I. vi.
(14) Dur. Fit-Lore Jrn. (1883) I. 91. (15) Cor.1 A man caan't
go farther than he can blaw. 1,16) Lnk. (JAM.) (17) Wm. Blown
apples is cheap just noo (B.K.). (i8j Cum.1 (19) Sc. (JAM.)
[(20) He's blown up, RAY Prov. (1678) 89.]
BLOW, sb.2 and v? In gen. dial, use in Sc. and Eng.
Also written blaw Sc. Yks. n.Lin.1 ; bloo Lei.1 ; blou Shr.2
Glo. Oxf.1
1. sb. A bud, blossom ; bloom.
Ayr. When flowers are i' the blaw, PICKEN Poems (1788) 146
(JAM.). Dur.1 ne.Yks.1 There's a good leeak on o' blaw ti-year.
e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.) Lan. His foliage is i' full blow o th' yer
raond, Accrington Obs. (Feb. 2, 1895) 3, col. 7. s.Stf. Nothin'
better nor tay made from camomile blows (T.P.). Not. (L.C.M.)
sw.Lin.1 Yon tree was white with blow. Lei.1 Yo niwer see a
sooch a bloo o' rooses. Nhp.12, War.12 w.Wor.1 That ah-dhern
[hawthorn] tree anenst the owd barn is in blaow most beautiful.
s.Wor.1, se.Wor.1 Shr.1 The bread Oona keep w'ile the corn's i'
the blow ; Shr.2 Glo. All the flowers be out in blou ( S.S.B.) ; Glo.1,
Oxf.1 Hrf. The frost, if it does not come on suddenly while the
blow on the trees is moist, does no harm, MARSHALL Review (1818)
II. 289 ; Hrf.12, e.An.1 Nrf. I sa [see] the whate [wheat] is on
blow already (W.R.E.) ; Nrf.1 Suf.1 ' Six pound of blows to ten
gallons of water ' is the receipt for cowslip or peagle wine. Hmp.1
It's a very good blow this year. w.Som.1 Cor. I found a dog
violet in full blow (M.A.C.).
2. Fig. Health, condition.
Wm. (B.K.) n.Yks. (T.S.) w.Yks. He's in rare blow (J.T.).
3. v. To blossom, to come into flower or leaf. Also
usedyfe. to flourish, be in good health.
Ayr. Where wild in the woodlands the primroses blow, BURNS
Afton Water, st. 4 ; The flower it blaws, it fades, it fa's, ib. Polly
Stewart. Wm. T'trees ero blown noo. T'roses er o blown (B.K.).
n.Yks. Bud it's nipt off te bio' aboon, TWEDDELL Clevel. Rhymes
(1875) 32. w.Yks. 'How's ta blowing on ?' is a common mode of
salutation (J.T.). Lin. The flower as blaws, TENNYSON N. Farmer,
New Style (1870) st. 4. tuLin.1 Shr.1 The 'edges bin beginnin'
to blow ; Shr.2 When the pase bin blowed. Glo. (A.B.), Oxf.1
n.Wil. These 'ere roses don't never blow (E.H.G.). w.Som.1
Dev. Yer's tu thee, old apple-tree, Be zure yu bud, be zure yQ
blaw [sung when wassailing the apple-trees on old Christinas Eve],
HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 26.
4. At Winchester School : to blush.
Slang. (A.D.H.) ; SHADWELL Wyke. Slang (1859-1864) ; COPE
Gl. [GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)]
6. Of soil : to produce (?).
Suf. They mix crag either with dung, earth, or ouze, thinking
that it makes the light sands blow more, YOUNG Annals Agric.
(1784-1815) ; A great deal [of soil] under the plough blows, and
consequently ranks among the worst of all soils, ib. Agric.
(i794) 5-
BLOWER, sb. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Stf. A violent dis-
charge of gas from a fissure or orifice in a pit.
N Cy.1 Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. Blue metal with a blower of gas,
Borings (1881) II. 193. n.Yks. U-J-B-), "-Stf. U-T.)
BLOWEY
BLUBBER
BLOWEY, sb. Obs. Nhb. An iron bloomer; pro-
bably the owner of a bloomery, not a forge.
Nhb.1 To Bloweys, of Newc., for a tor. of Spanish iron, £5 6s. 8d.
Bunder date 1516), WELFORD Hist. Newc. 49.
BLOWINGS, sb. pi. War. Hmp. Wil. Dor. Som. Also
in form blooens Wil.1 Dor.1 ; bluens Wil.1 ; blow on
War. Blossom.
War. B' ham Wkly.Post (June 10, 1893). Hmp.1 Wil. BRITTON
Beauties (1825); They blewins be main vine to-year (W.C.P.) ;
Wil.1 Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863). Som. SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl.
( 1885).
BLOW(N-MILK, sb. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Lin. Also in
form blawn- N.Cy.1 ; blaan- Nhb.1
1. Skimmed milk ; milk from which the cream has been
taken or blown.
n.Cy. (K.) ; N.Cy.12, Nhb.1 Cum. Blown milk and poddish '11 suit
the' as weel, GWORDIE GREmtw Anudder Batch (1873) 13. Wm.
The milk after being taken from the cows is put into bowls and the
cream allowed to form ; to get this into the ' cream-pot ' the bowl
is slightly tilted, and if the cream does not run off very freely it is
assisted by blowing at it (B.K.). Lin. THOMPSON Hist. Boston
1.18561 700.
2. Milk slightly soured by the air ; winded. N.Cy.1
BLOWNS, int. Lin. An exclamation of surprise.
(J.C.W.) [Not known to our other correspondents.]
BLOW OUT, phr. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Lan. Lin.
and in gen. colloq. use. Written blaa-oot Nhb.1 ; blaw-
oot Bnff.1 e.Yks.1 n.Lin.1
1. A plentiful meal ; a drinking-bout.
Fif. I suppose ye wanted to hae a blaw-oot on Handsel-Monday ?
ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 95. Nhb.1 A man drank two quarts of
beer at a public-house, and observed, ' That's good beer, mistor ;
when aa come back, aa'll hev a reg'lar blaa-oot.' 'A grand blaw-oot
wi' Grundy's yell,' WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) 56. Wm. We'd
a good blow-oot (B.K.). e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Tha con get a furst
rate blow aat for a shillin', HARTLEY Budget (1871) 131 ; A reight
dahn gooid blaw aht, Yks. Wkly. Post (May 2, 1896% Lan. They'n
had a rare blow out at little cost, BARLOW N. Doherty (1884) 36 ;
They wud both have a gradely good blow eawt, WOOD Hum.
Sketches, 15. n.Lin.1
2. A great display, a festival.
Bnff.1 They ga' thir dothir a great blaw-oot o' a widdin'. s. Wxf.
The weddin' went on ; an', maybe that wasn't the grand blow
out, M°CALL Humour (1894) 402.
BLOWSING, vbl. sb. Cor. [blairzin.] Pilchard
fishing, working in seine boats.
Cor.1 ; Cor.2 MS. add.
Hence Blowser, sb. one who assists in dragging the
seine-nets into shallow water in pilchard fishing.
Cor. PARIS Mount's Bay (1824^ 152 ; Cor.1 2
BLOWT, see Blout.
BLOWTEN, adj. Obs.1 n.Yks.2 Blighted as a tree.
BLOWTH, sb. War. (?) Glo. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor.
Also written blooth Wil.1 Dor.1 Dev.1 Cor.12; blowthe
Glo.2 ; bluth Glo. Dev. [blub, w.Som. b^ab.]
1. Bloom, blossom. Also useAfig.
War. (J.R.W.) Glo. (S.S.B.) ; The orchards were i' the
blowthe, GISSING Vitt. Hampden (1880) III. i; Glo.12, Wil.1
Dor. The vines out in blooth do smell sweet, BARNES Sng. Sol.
(1859) ii. 13 ; A few boys and maidens have busted into blooth,
HARDY Tower (ed. 1895) 327 ; Dor.1 An' blooth did kern in apple-
trees. 66. Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.* Dh-aa-pl trees bee
veo-1 u bloa'udh dee yuur [the apple-trees are full of bloom this
year]. Dev. The apple-blooth is butivul thease spring, HEWETT
Peas. Sp. (1892). n.Dev. Hur zmell'th ta me like elder-blooth,
ROCK Jim ari AW (1867) st. 63. e.Dev. Let's zee if th' vaine git'th
on, if th' blowth hev a-kern'd, PULMAN Sng. Sol. (1860) vii. 12.
Dev.1 Her look'd as cherry as a crap of fresh apple blooth. 6.
nw.Dev.1 Cor.1 There's nothing prettier than the apple blowth ;
Cor.2 a
2. Comp. Blowth-pecker, the tomtit. nw.Dev.1
[1. Ambition and covetousness being but green, and
newly grown up, the seeds and effects were as yet but
potential, and m the blowth and bud, RALEIGH Hist.
World (JOHNSON).]
BLOWTHIR,z;.ands6. Sc. Irel. In form bloother N.I.1
1. v. Of large bodies : to plunge with great force.
Bnff.1 The hail face o' the craig geed bllowthirin' down in'o the sea.
Hence (ij Blowthiran, vbl. sb. the act of plunging; (2)
Blowthirin', ppl. adj. blundering, stupid.
(ij Bnff.1 Thir's been a gey bllowthiran' fin the rocks wir haivt
up. (2) ib. He's a bllowtherin' blunk o' a cheel, that.
2. sb. The plunge of a large body, a blow ; fig. a big,
stupid person, a clumsy rustic.
Bnff.1, N.I.1 Ldd. Occas. used (A.J.I.).
3. A sudden gust of wind ; exposure to a storm. Hence
Blowthirin', adj. stormy, gusty. Bnff.1
BLOWY, adj. Sc. Chs. Stf. Of the wind : blustering,
windy.
Frf. ' Very cauld,' said Sam'l. ' Blawy,' assented Sanders, BARRIE
Licht (1888) viii. Lth. JAM.) s.Chs.1 It)s u bit- bloa-i dhus
mau-rnin [it's a bit blowy thismornin']. Stf.2Seiks aloiv, if it inar
bloui anuf tak top 3 yar yed of !
BLOWZE, sb.1 Nhb. Yks. Chs. Lei. Nhp. War. Nrf.
Suf. Ken. Dev. Also written blauz w.Yks.4 ; blouse
Nhb.1 w.Yks.4 Ken.1 ; blouze War.3 e. An.1 2 Nrf.1
1. A fat, red-faced wench.
Nhb.1 Ken. (K.) ; KENNETT Par. Antiq. (1695) ; Ken.1 n.Dev.
Ya gurt dugged-teal'd, swapping, rousling blowze, Exm. Scold.
(1778) I. 16.
2. A coarse, untidy woman, with dishevelled hair;
a wild girl, a hoyden.
Yks. THORESBY Lett. (1703). w.Yks.4, s.Chs.1, Lei.1, Nhp.i,
War.3, e-An.1, Nrf.1, Snf. (F.H.), Dev.1
[1. Sweet blowse, you are a beauteous blossom, sure,
SHAKS. Titus A. iv. ii. 72. 2. I had rather marry a fair
one, and put it to hazard, than be troubled with a
blowze, BURTON Anat. Mel. (1621) in. iii, ed. 1836, 656;
Gillet, his blouse, is a milking thy cow, TUSSER Husb.
(1580) 43-]
BLOWZE, sb? and v. Nhp. e.An. Ken. Hmp. Also
written blouse Ken.1
1. sb. A state of heat, which brings high colour to the
face ; esp. in phr. all of a blowze, red in the face and un-
tidy from exertion and heat.
Nhp.1, e.An.12, Ken. (P.M.), ne.Ken. (H.M.), Ken.1 Hmp.
HOLLOWAY.
2. v. To sweat, to perspire profusely.
Ken.1 An dare we strain d an stared an bloused, And tried to
get away, MASTERS Dick and Sal (c. 18211 st. 71.
Hence Blowsing, ppl. adj. high-coloured, red ; applied
to the colour caused by exertion and heat.
Ken. (P.M.I ; (K.) ; Ken.1 A blousing colour.
BLOWZE, sb.3 e.An. A woman's bonnet, esp. that
kind called a ' slouch.' Cf. blousy.
e.An.1 I will just slip on my blouze, and go with you directly.
Nrf.1
BLOWZIN,/>/>. e.An. [blairzin.] Blooming, flowering.
e.An.1 Flowers comin' on a blowzin'. Ess. Still used(H.H.M.).
BLOWZY, adj. Nhb. Lan. Not. Lei. Nhp. War. Brks.
Hrt. e.An. Dev. Also written bleawsy Lan. ; blousy
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Hrt.; blowsy N.Cy.1 Nhp/ War.12 Red-
faced, untidy, dishevelled, slovenly.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 s.Lan. BAMFORD Dial. (1850). Not.1, Lei.1 Nhp.1
How blowsy your hair is. You'r quite a blowsy Bess. War.
B'fiam Wkly. Post (June 10, 1893); War.123. Brks.1, Hrt.
(H.G.), e.An.1 Dev.1 Who shud come in but Joicejoland . . . and
Ruth Ramson, . . . way their blowzy faces as rid as roost-cocks, 8.
[GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)]
BLUB, v. Sc. Yks. Not. Also written blob Sc.
[blub.] To cry, to weep.
Fif. Aye he blubbert and he blobbit, And ' Fare-ye-weel ! ' aye
sich't and sobbit, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 182. w.Yks.2, Not.1
BLUBBER, sb. Yks. Lin. Sus. Cor. Also written
blobber Cor.1 [bhrba(r), bhroa(r).]
1. The sea-nettle. Also known as Sting-blubber. Cor.1 2
2. Comp. (i) Blubber-finks, the fatty portions of the
whale after the extraction of the oil ; (2) -fish, a kind of
jelly-fish ; (3) -hunter, the jelly-fish ; (4) -lipped, having
thick lips.
(i) n.Yks.2 (2) Sns. (F.E.S.) (3) n.Yks.2 We have heard their
abundance about herring-time attributed to a greasiness or oiliness
in the sea, owing to the enormous shoals of herrings on the coast ;
but some doubt this. (4) n.Lin.1
BLUBBERED
BLUE
BLUBBERED,/)//, adj. Obs. ? Sc. Nhb. Tear-stained,
disfigured by weeping.
Abd. They were like to split their sides fan they saw how blub-
ber'd and droukit the peer wary draggels war fan they came in,
FORBES Jrn. (1742) 17. Nhb. Their eyes . . . Now blubbered were
with pearled tears, RICHARDSON Borderer's Table-bk. (1846) VI. 95.
BLUBBER GRASS, sb. Obs.? e.An.1 Various
species of Bromus, esp. Brotnus mold's.
BLUBBY, adj. Wor. [blu-bi.] Over-fat.
s.Wor. He looks blubby and busty, and I think he's unhealthy
(H.K.).
BLUCHER, sb. Slang. At Winchester School : a
college prefect in half-power, the ' blucher ' being prop,
a half-boot.
Slang. (A.D.H.) ; SHADWELL Wyke. Slang (1859-1864).
BLUE, sb. Yks. Gmg. Suf. Som. Dev. Slang.
1. A blue earthenware jug or mug for holding beer.
Gmg. A ' blue ' of ale holds a little less than a pint or a quart.
In common use among miners. [Its use was made illegal in 1890],
N. & Q. (1891) 7th S. xi. 74-5.
2. Ale.
Som. GROSE (1790). [Not known to our correspondents.]
3. The bloom on fruit.
Som., Dev. The bucolic ear cannot distinguish ' blue ' from ' bloo '
(the worn form of ' blooth ' or ' blowth,' q.v.). Hence, the name of
the colour being well known, and also describing well the bloom
on fruit, it has become the common word for the latter (F.T.E. ).
Dev.1 The blue of the plum be a go zure, 6.
4. In pi. mildew or blight upon vegetables.
Suf. Applied to such as stops the growth and discolours the
leaves of cabbages (F.H.).
5. Indecent language ; called also Brown.
w.Yks. (J.T.) Slang. Standard (Oct. 10, 1889) 2, col. i.
[5. Prob. due to Fr. influence. Cp. bibliotheque bleue,
collection de petits livres a couverture bleue renfermant
des romans ; conies bleus, contes d'enfants (HATZFELD).]
BLUE, adj. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
1. Of a dark or livid colour.
sw.Lin.1 A blue pony, a blue pig. Lei. Blue cows (G.H.G.).
2. Of the weather : chill, frosty.
Rxb. A blue day (JAM.).
3. Of milk : skimmed.
Dur.1 Blue-milk cheese. Win.1 Yks. THORESBY Lett. (1703).
n.Yks. (I.W.) ; n.Yks.1 e. Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788);
e.Yks.1 Also called Old milk. w.Yks.1"^ Lan. (M.B.), e.Lan.1,
Not. (J.H.B.) nLin.1 Blue milk cheese. Nhp.1 Also called sky-
blue. Hnt. (T.P.F.) w.Som.1 Hot d'em zend zich stuff-s this
here vor ? why, tidn no otherways-n blue-milk. Blue- miilk
chee'z is poor cheese made of blue milk.
4. Comb, (i) Blue bend, a kind of leather used in
'grathing1 buckets; cf. bend-leather; (2) —Billy, gas-
lime; iron residue left as a waste product in copper
works; refuse from caustic soda; (3) -blanket, the
banner of the craftsmen in Edinburgh ; (4) — blind ake,
wolfram, Spunta lupi • (5) -bore, a rift in the clouds ; (6)
•clunch, strata in the Lightmoor Winsey pit ; (7) -cow,
a pump ; (8) -fade, a blue mould in cheese ; (9) -flats, an
ironstone; (10) -flint, whinstone or basalt; (n) — John,
fluor spar ; (12) -lit, blue dye, indigo ; (13) -metal, argil-
laceous shale ; (14) -mould, of cheese : mouldy ; (15)
•mouse, a beadsman of Durham Cathedral ; (16) -roaned,
of cows: blue-black and white ; (17) -sickness, a kind of
rot in sheep ; (18) -spald, a disease in cattle ; see Black-
spaul ; (19) -stone, sulphate of copper ; see also below.
(i Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888). (2) Nhb. An
important product of the treatment of cupreous pyrites for the
extraction of its copper is the residual purple ore or ' blue billy,'
Brit. Assoc. Guide (1889) 126 ; Nhb.1 Lan. Refuse in the manu-
facture of caustic soda is used in the formation of floors in brick-
sheds. After being softened by water to the consistency of stiff
mortar it is laid on the floor two or three inches in thickness and
sets hard like cement (S.W.). Mid. Just above Enfield Lock I, saw
a barge unloading a cargo of gas lime, or blue billy, as it is
locally called, Fishing Gaa. (Dec. 13, 1890) 334. (3) Edb. This
flag [granted by James III], at present denominated the Blue
Blanket, is kept by the Convener of the Trades, MAITLAND Hist.
Edin. (1753) 9 (JAM.) ; Still preserved (W.G.) ; (J.M.) (4) Cum.
[So] called by our miners, HUTCHINSON Hist. Cum. (1797} I. App.
52. (5) Sc. If chance the pack'd clouds in their flight open a blue-
bore in the sky, DRUMMOND Muckomachy (1846) 42. (6) Shr.
MARSHALL Review (1818) II. 199. [(K.)] (7) e.Yks.1 (8) s.Chs.1
' Fade ' is not heard alone. (9) Shr.1 (10) n. Yks.1 The local name
for the whinstone or basalt derived from the basaltic dike which
runs across the N. Riding from out of Dur. (n) Wm.1 Der. Blue-
John stood like his native rocks, FURNESS Medicus 1836) 32 ;
WOODWARD Geol. Eng. and Wales (1876) 86. (12) Sh.1. ;W.A.G.)
S. & Ork.1 (13) Nhb.1 (14) Ayr. Blue-mooled wi' age, SERVICE
Notandums (1890) 68. Dev. HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892). (15)
Dur. Willey Walker, a well-known Durham character, ... is a
beadsman of the cathedral ; or, as the impudent boys call a person
of his rank, from the dress he wears, a ' blue mouse,' HONE Table-
bk. (1827) II. 409. (16) w.Yks. (F.P.T.) (17) Sc. Annals Agric.
(1784-1815). (18) Sc. If the cattle will die of the blue-spald,
what can I help it ? — You can sprinkle them yourself for the evil eye,
Saxon and Gael(i8i4) I. 152 (JAM.). (19) Nhb.1 Blue stone, a long
stone of granite placed on the e. footpath of the Old Tyne Bridge, to
mark the division between the Dur. and Nhb. portions of the
structure. w.Yks. (H.H.) ; (S.K.C.)
5. Comb, in plant-names : (i) Blue ash, Syringa vul-
garis ; (2) -ball, Scabiosa succisa, devil's bit ; (3) -bent,
Sesteria caerulea, blue rock-grass ; (4) -berry, Vaccinium
myrtillus, see Bilberry ; (5) -betsy, Vinca minor, lesser
periwinkle ; (6) -bin, a species of bindweed or convol-
vulus ; (7) — bird's eye, Veronica chamoedrys, speedwell ;
(8) -blaw, Centaurea cyanns, cornflower ; (9) -bobs, (a)
C. cyanus ; (b) Scabiosa succisa ; (10) -bow, blossoming
flax ; (n) — camomile, Aster tripolium, Michaelmas
daisy ; (12) — cat's tail, Echium vulgare, bugloss ; (13)
— cowslip, Pulmonaria angustifolia ; (14) — daisy, (a)
Aster tripolium ; (b) Jasionemontana, sheep's scabious ;
(15) -eyes, Veronica chamoedrys ; (16) — foxglove, Cam-
panula trachelium, great bellflower ; (17) -goggles, (18)
— gramfer greygles, Scilla nutans, wild hyacinth ; (19)
•heads, Scabiosa succisa ; (20) -jacket, Polemonium caeru-
leum ; (21) -kiss, Scabiosa succisa ; (22) -legs, Agaricus
personatus ; (23) -men, Scabiosa arvensis, field scabious ;
(24) -mony, Anemone pulsatilla ; (25) — morgan, Carex
glauca, marsh-grass ; (26) -nosed barley, barley which
turns blue at one end of the grain before it is ripe ; (27)
•rocket, (a) Aconitum napettus, monkshood ; (b) Scilla
nutans; (28) -runner, Nepeta glechoma, ground-ivy; (29)
— tar-fitch, Vicia cracca, tufted vetch ; (30) -thistle,
Carduus lanceolatus ; (31 ) -tops, (a) Centaurea nigra ; (b)
Scabiosa succisa ; (32) — violet, (a) Gentiana verna ;
(b) Viola sylvatica ; (33) -weed, Echium vulgare.
(i) Glo.1 (2) Sus. (3) w.Yks. LEES Flora (1888) 477. (4) Ir.,
Cum. n.Yks. N. & Q. (1853) ist S. vii. 231 ; J.W.) ^5)
nw.Dev.1 (6) Suf.1 (7) Oxf., s.Bck., Sus. (8) Nhb.1 (9: Hmp.
(W.M.E.F.) (10; N.I.1 (n) Ken. (12) Hrt. (13) Hmp.1, I. W.
(14, a) Ken. (6) Chs. (15) Wil. Saium Dioc. Gas. (Jan. 1890) 6 ;
Wil.1, Dor. (G.E.D.) (16) Shr.1 (17) Wil.1 (18) Dor. (19)
Shr.1 (20) Ant. (21) Sus. (22) e.An. (23) n.Bck. (24) Rut.
(25) s.Pem. LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 419. (26) n-Lin.1 (37) Ir.
(28) n.Bck. (29) Chs.1 (30, 31) Wor. (32, a) Dnr. (6 Chs.,
Dev.4 (33) Hrt. ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750, VI. iii.
6. Comb, in names of birds, &c. : (i) Blue-back, the field-
fare, Turdus pilaris; (2) -bill, the scaup-duck, Fuligula
mania ; (3) -bird, (a) the fieldfare ; (b) the kingfisner,
Alcedo ispida ; (4) -bonnet, the blue tit, Parus caeruleus ;
(5) -darr, the black tern, Hydrochelidon nigra ; (6) -dickie,
the hedge-sparrow, Accentor modularise (7) -dove, the
rock-dove, Columba livia ; (8) -dunnock, see -dickie ; (9)
•felt, see -back ; (10) -fly, a bluebottle or flesh-fly ; (u)
•gill, see -bill ; (12) -gled, the hen harrier, Circus cyaneus,
(13) -grays, a cross between black Galloway cattle and
white shorthorns ; (14) -jack, see -back ; (15) -jay, the
jay, Garrulus glandarius; (16) -kite, see -gled; (17)
-maa, the common gull, Larus fuscus ; (18) -merlin, the
sparrow-hawk, Accipiter nisus ; (19) -mope, see -bonnet ;
(20) -neb, the wigeon, Mareca penelope ; (21) — oxeye, see
•bonnet ; (22) -poll, a variety of salmon ; (23) -rock,
the wild pigeon, Columba oenas ; (24) -shells, the shell-
fish Lanthina fragilis ; (25) -sleeves, see -gled ; (26)
•slutters, a large variety of jelly-fish ; (27) -sparrow, see
•dickie ; (28) -spick, see -bonnet ; (29) -tail, see -back ;
BLUEBELL
[312]
BLUE HAWK
(30) Blue Tom, see -dickie; (31) -wing, (a) see -back; (6)
an artificial fly ; (32) -yaup, see -back-
(i) w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. Lan. Science Gossip ( 1882) 164 ; (G.E.D.)
Chs.13, Shr.1 (a) Cum. The fishermen hereabout call them
'dowkers' and ' bluebills,' WATSON Nature and Wdcraft (1890)
vii. (3, a) Dev. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 5. Cor. ROOD Birds
(1880) 314 ; Cor.3 (6) n.Ir. Science Gossip (1882) 41. (4) Cld.
(JAM.), N.I.1 w.Yks. SWAINSON, 33. w.Wor. Berrow's Jrn. (Mar.
3, 1888). Shr.1 (5) Nrf. CozENS-HARDY Broarf Nrf. (1893) 49.
(6) Rnf. SWAINSON, 29. (7) n.Yks.i'6. 168. (8) vr.~Sks. Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (Nov. 7, 1891). (9) Ir. SWAINSON, 5. (10) Sc. (JAM.) (n)
Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) 43. (la) Sc. SWAINSON,
132. Gall. [The head keeper] hates the Blue-gled with a deep
hatred, CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (1895) 422. (13) Cum. (E.W.P.)
(14) Cum. Upon its arrival we first note the ' blue-jack ' in upland
pastures, WATSON Nature and Wdcraft (1890) xx. (15") Lnl.
SWAINSON, 75. (16) Sc. ib. 132. (17) Sh.1. 16.207. (18) Per. 16. 137.
(19) w.Wor. Berrow's Jrn. (Mar. 3, 1888). (20) Nhb.1 Blue-neb
is the name at Belford, Beal, and Fenham Flats district ; called
also the Hue. ^21) Frf. SWAINSON, 33. (22) Cor.1 Remarkable for
the steel-blue colour of its head and for ascending our rivers (e.g.
the Camel) about Candlemas-day ; hence when appearing in
numbers they are called the ' Candlemas School.' The great
majority are males or kippers ; Cor.2 [All migratory fish of the
genus salmon, whether known by the name salmon, . . . blue pole,
. . . or by any other local name, Slat. 24 & 35 Vic. c. 109. §4.] (23)
Lei.1 Called also the ' rock,' ' rock-pigeon,' or ' rock-dove.' Nhp.1
Shr.1 A gamekeeper's term. (24) Dev. Very fine living specimens
. . . (called by the country people 'blue shells') are brought up by the
ocean currents, n.Dev. Handbk. (1877) 56. (25) Sc. SWAINSON, 132.
(26) Ken.1 In use at Folkestone. (27) Sc. SWAINSON, 29. (a8)n.Dev.
ib. 33. (29) w.Yks. ib. 5. Nhp.1, w.Wor.1, s.Wor.1, Hrf.2 Dev.
BOWRING Lang. (1866). (30) Sc. SWAINSON, 29. (31, a) War.3
(b) Nhb.1 Used by anglers on North-country streams. (33) Sc.
SWAINSON, 33.
7. Fig. in comp. (i) Blue-belly, a Protestant dissenter ;
(a) -cat, one suspected of being an incendiary; (3)
•devilled, in a fit of delirium tremens ; (4) -devils, low
spirits ; also delirium tremens ; (5) -month, see below ; (6)
-need, dire necessity ; (7) -uns (ones), delirium tremens.
(i ) Ir. The Black-mouths and Blue-bellies are gone into get a share
ofit, CARLETON TraitsPeas. (1843) 1.347. (2) Wil.1 He has the name
of a blue cat. See Lewis's Cat. (3) Wm. He's bluedivilled hauf o' his
time (B. K.). (4) Rnf. He's ill wi'delirium tremens, What vulgar folk
ca' the blue deils, BARR Poems (1861) 114. n.Yks. (W.H.) Slang.
FARMER. (5) N.I.1 Blue-month. It happens longer or shorter,
from the time that the owl pratis [potatoes] goes out, an' the new
ones is not come in. Uls. We have dogs' days, hunger and aise,
through the blue month [July], Chambers Jrn. (1856) 139. w.Yks.
If I had sat there a blue month, there'd have been nought to
grumble at, SNOWDEN W«a«w( 1896) v. (6) w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl.
(Feb. 9, 1884) 8; w.Yks.3 It must be blooaneed or they would
not turn out on such a night as this. A man . . . when he came for
his money used to say, ' It's nowther for want nor for scant, but
fair daan blooaneed.' (7) w.Yks.3, Chs.1
8. Fig. in phr. (i) a blue day, one on which any uproar or
disturbance has taken place ; a day of misfortune ; (2) as
blue as a whetstone, holding extreme Tory views.
(i ) n.Sc. It wiz a blue day i' the market, for there wiz naething bit
drinkan an' fechtan. My lass, it'll be a blue day for you fin [when]
yer mistress wears awa (W.G.). Rxb. (JAM.) (2) Glo.1
BLUEBELL, sb. Sc. and var. Eng. dial. Applied to
the following plants with blue bell-shaped flowers : (i)
Campanula rotundiflora, harebell ; the ' bluebells of
Scotland ' ; (2) Scilla nutans, wild hyacinth ; (3) Vinca
major, periwinkle.
(i) Ayr. Where the bluebell and gowan lurk, lowly, unseen,
BURNS Their Groves o' Sweet Myrtles. Cum.1, ne.Yks., Der., s.Not.
(J.P.K.), Hrt., Dor., Dev.4 (2) Nhb., Dur., Cum., Yks., Lan.,
Chs.1, Der.2, Lin. (I.W.), Rut., Lei., War.. Wor. (J.W.P.), Shr.1,
Glo.1, Oxf., Bck., Hrt. (G.G.), Ken. (P.M.), Dor., Dev.4, Cor.
(3) Dev.4
BLUE-BONNET, sb. Sc.
L In plant-names : (i) Centaurea montana ; (2) Scabiosa
succisa, devil's-bit.
(i) sw.Sc. Garden Wk. (1896) 112. (2) Sc. (JAM.)
2. A man's cap ; hence a Scotsman.
Sc. HOGG Jacob. Rel. (ed. 1819^1 163 ; All the blue bonnets are
over the border, SCOTT Sng. s.Sc. In former times used as a charm,
esp. for warding off the evil influence of the fairies (JAM. s.v.
Bonnet).
BLUE-BOTTLE, sb. Nhb. Yks. Lin. Shr. Bck. Nrf.
Ken. Sur. Sus. I.W. Wil.
1. The blue titmouse, Pants caeruleus. Cf. blue-cap.
Nhb.1
2. In plant-names: (i) Campanula rotundifolia (Bck.);
(2) Centaurea cyanus, blue cornflower (Yks. n.Lin.1 Shr.1
Oxf. Wil.); (3) Echium vulgare (Nrf.) ; (4) Scilla nutans,
wild hyacinth (Bck. Ken. Sur. Sus.1 I.W. Wil.1).
(a) w.Yks. T'corn feiild be chock full o' blue-bottles an' head-
aches (W.F.). n.Wil. The beautiful Blue-bottle flower, than whose
exquisite hue there is nothing more lovely in our fields, JEFFERIES
Wild Life (1879) 49. (4) Ken. (P.M.) ; Science Gossip (1881) 211 ;
Ken.1, I.W. (C.J.V.)
[2. (2) Cyanus flos is called Blew-bottle, Blew-blow
Corne-floure, & hurt-sickle, GERARDE Herb. (ed. 1633)
734-]
BLUE-BUTTONS, sb. Applied to various plants with
round, blue flowers : (i) several varieties of Centaurea (?),
cornflower (Stf.) ; (2) Jasione montana, sheep's-bit (Cum.
Wil. Dor.) ; (3) Scabiosa arvensis (Cum. Wil.1) ; (4) S.
columbaria (Wil.1) ; (5) 5. succisa, devil's-bit (Cum.1 Yks.
Chs.18 War.) ; (6) Vinca major, periwinkle (Dor. Dev.4) ;
(7) V. minor (Dev.4).
(i) Stf. Reports Agric. (1793-1813). (a) Dor. (G.E.D.) Wil.
Sarum Dioc. Gae. (Jan. 1890) 6. (6) Dor. (C.V.G.)
BLUECAP, sb. Sc. Yks. Lan. Stf. Nhp. Shr. Ken.
1. The blue titmouse, Pants caeruleus.
Sc.. SWAINSON Birds (1685) 33. w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. Shr.1
2. In plant-names: (i) Centaurea cyanus, cornflower;
(2) Jasione montana, sheep's-bit ; (3) Scabiosa succisa,
devil's-bit.
(i) Nhp. Summer's blue-caps blossom 'mid the corn, CLARE
Village Min. (1831) II. 131 ; Nhp.1, Ken. (2) w.Yks. LEES Flora
(1888) 312. (31 n.Cy. GROSE Suppl. (1790). e.Yks. MARSHALL
Rur. Econ. (1788). ne.Lan.1
3. A blue stone found in digging for ironstone.
Stf. (K.); Stf.1
BLUE-COCK, sb. Hrl. A young salmon.
Hrf. The blue-cock comes up from the sea very late in the season,
and is in condition in late autumn. It is so called from its bluish
head and shoulders. The name is in gen. use along the Wye
(H.C.M.). [The form blue-cap, given as a w.Cy. word in Ray's
Correspondence (l6^^) 127, ed. 1848, is not known to our corre-
spondents.]
BLUEGOWN, sb. Obs. Sc. A licensed beggar. Cf.
beadsman.
Sc. A slouched hat of huge dimensions ... a long blue gown,
with a pewter badge on the right arm ; two or three wallets, or
bags, slung across his shoulder, for holding the different kinds of
meal, when he received his charity in kind ... all these marked
at once a beggar by profession, and one of that privileged class
which are called in Scotland the King's Bedesmen, or, vulgarly,
Blue-gowns, SCOTT Antiquary (1816) iv ; This order is still kept
up. Their number is equal to the number of years which his
Majesty has lived ; and one Blue-Gown additional is put on the
roll for every returning royal birthday. On the same auspicious
era, each Bedesman receives a new cloak, . . . with a pewter
badge, which confers on them the general privilege of asking alms
through all Scotland. . . . With his cloak, each receives a leathern
purse, containing as many shillings Scots (viz. pennies sterling)
as the sovereign is years old, ib. Advertisement (1829). Elg. A
Blue-gown advanced, and very respectfully presented a paper to
me, COUPER Tourifications (1803) I. 88. Ayr. Often on the roadside
he fell into discourse with travelling tinkers, blue-gowns, or old
soldiers, GALT Sir A. Wylie (1832) iv ; Just the blue-gown badge
an' claithing, BURNS To J. Rankine. Lth. When blue-gown bodies
loudly skirl, BRUCE Poems 1 1813) 15.
BLUE HAWK, sb. Sc. Irel. Cum. Yks. Glo. Oxf. Brks.
Bck. Nrf. Sur. Hmp. In bird-names : (i) Accipiter nisus,
sparrow-hawk ; (2) Circus cyaneus, hen harrier ; (3) Falco
aesalon, merlin ; (4) F. peregrinus, peregrine falcon.
(i) Slg., e.Lth. SWAINSON Birds(i88^ 136. Cum. By no means
the only one of its kind, for there are four or five ' blue-hawks,'
WATSON Nature and Wdcraft ,1890) viii. w.Yks. SWAINSON, 136.
Glo.1 Oxf., Brks., Bck. SWAINSON, ib. (a) e.Lth., Wkl. ib. Nrf.
COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) 43. Snr. Blue hawk and Ring-
BLUE ISAAC
BLUNDER
il, so the woodlanders term the male and female harrier, Blackw.
Mag. ( 1890) 463. Hmp. WISE New Forest (,1883) 268. (3) n.Yks.
ATKINSON Brit. Birds' Eggs ; SWAINSON, 139. (4) m.Sc., Ir. ib. ,
138-
BLUE ISAAC, sb. Wor. Hrf. Glo. The hedge-sparrow,
Accentor modularis. See Aichee.
Wor. SMITH Birds (1887) 143. w.Wor.1 s.Wor. A. PORSON
Quaint Wds. (1875) 12; (H.K.) Hrf.2 We had fund a blue
Isaac's nest in the hedge, 44. Glo. Gl. (1851) ; (A.B.) ; Glo.1
BLUENS, see Blowings.
BLUESTER, sb. S. & Ork.1 A bluish peaty soil.
Also in cotnp. Bluester-peats, peats cut from ' bluester.'
BLUE-VINNY, sb. and adj. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev.
1. sb. Blue-mouldy Dorset cheese. se.Dor. (C.W.) See
Vinny, v.
2. adj. Of cheese : covered with blue mould.
Dor. Us do want a pen'orth o' blue-vinny cheese, HARE Vill.
Street (1895) 231 ; BARNES Gl. (1863).
Hence Blue-vinnied, adj. mouldy, mildewed.
Wil.1 Dor. 'Twould be a pity to let such things get blue-vinnied,
HARDY Trumpet-Major (1880) xx ; Dor.1 w.Som.1 Blue viimid.
Dev. DiieelikebluevinniedDarset cheese? HEWETrPeas. Sp. (1892,.
nw.Dev.1
BLUEY, sb. Nhb. The hedge-sparrow, Accentor mo-
dularis ; the blue titmouse, Parus caeruleus. See Blue-
bottle, Blue Isaac.
Nhb.1 The hedge-sparrow is called Hedgy, Fieldy, Spowey,
Smokey, Smotty, and Bluey.
BLUFF, v. and sb. Nhb. Yks. Der. Lin. Lei. Also
written bluffe N.Cy.2 [bluf.]
1. v. Obs. To blindfold. See Bluft.
n.Cy. (K.N<; N.Cy.2 Nhb. GROSE (1790). w.Yks.23
2. sb. A shade or covering for the eyes ; in pi. a horse's
blinkers.
w.Yks.2 Der.1 Bluffs of a coach-horse. sw.Lin.1 They cut a
hole in his bluff to let him see a bit. So the game is called
Blindman's Bluff. Lei.1 [MORTON Cyclo. Agric. 11863).]
[1. Bluffe, to blind-fold, COLES (1677).]
BLUFF, adj. Yks. Hmp. Dev. [bluf, href.]
1. Broad and fat, esp. with respect to the face ; red-faced.
e.Yks. Spoken of a boy or girl, MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796%
Hmp.1 [GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)].
2. Surly, churlish.
Dev. WILLS w. Times (Mar. 12, 1886) 6 ; Dev.1
[2. Black-brow'd and bluff, like Homer's Jupiter,
DRYDEN (JOHNSON).]
BLUFFIN, v. Chs. Stf. [blu'fin.] To bluster, to
swagger. Stf.1
Hence BlufHnin, adj. Stout.
s.Chs.1 Soa- un Soa' gy'ets u big wensh. — Aay, 6o)z u big-
bliif-inin thingg- [So an' So gets a big wench. — Ay, hoo's a big
bluffinin thing].
BLUFFIN, see BlefBn.
BLUFFLE-HEADED, ppl. adj. Sc. (JAM.) Having
a large head, stupid-looking.
BLUFFY, adj. War. [blu'fi.] Puffed, swelled.
War.2 s.War.1 My hands are as bluffy as bluffy.
BLUFT, v. and sb. Yks. Chs. Der. Not. Lin. Lei. War.
[bluft]
1. v. To blindfold. Also fig. to deceive, hoodwink.
n.Yks. Wat ev ya bluftid t'od miar [mare] for? (W.H.) w.Yks.
They blufted me, an led me throo a varra long passage, BYWATER
Sheffield Dial. (1839) 229 ; w.Yks.85 Chs.1 Cows which are given
to rambling and breaking through hedges may freq. be seen with
a square piece of sacking hanging from their horns over their eyes
to prevent them seeing anything in front of them ; they are said
to be blufted. What ! thar't tryin for t'bluft me, art ta ? Chs.2
In the game of blindman's buff: ' It is your turn to be blufted' ;
Chs.3, Der.1 2, nw.Der.1 s.Not. 'Es got one eye blufted. Let's
play at blindman's blufted. Who'll be blufted ? (J.P.K.) Not.1
sw.Lin.1 They bluft the child. My lass gets blufted sometimes.
The bull was blufted to prevent him being frightened. Lei. Its
moi tun tu bi bluoftid (C.E.) ; Lei.1 Aa'm glad yew'n got that
theer bull o' yourn blufted. War. (J. R. W.) ; War."
2. To muffle church bells.
Chs.1 Der. In the church at Chapel-en-le- Frith, near Buxton, is
a table of fees to be paid for having the bells rung, e. g. — Tolling
4<i an hour. If blufted, double dues, N. & Q. (1880) 6th S. ii. 310.
VOL. I.
3. sb. A blinker ; any kind of covering for the eye.
s.Not. A see yer got a bluft on. What's the matter with yer
eye ? (J.P.K.) Not.1, n-Lin.1 Lei.1 The bluft o' the broidle.
Hence (i) Blufter, sb. a horse's blinker; (2) Bluft-
belter, a halter to which blinkers are attached ; (3)
Blufty, sb. the game of blindman's buff.
(i) w.Yks.3, Der.2, nw.Der.1, Not.1 Lin. N. t? Q. (1880) 6th S.
ii. 457. n.Lin.1, Lei.1 (a) n.Lin.1 (3) Not1, Lei.1, War.3
BLUIFY, v. Hrt. [blu'ifai.] To become blue.
Hrt My hands are quite bluified with the cold (H.G.).
BLUIT, sb. N.I.1 Fish-name ; a species of skate or
thornback.
BLUITER, v. Sc.
1. To do work in a bungling manner. Hence Bluiterin,
ppl. adj. clumsy. Bnff.1
2. To make a rumbling noise. Hence Bluiter, sb.
a rumbling noise. 3. With prep, up : to dilute with too
much water. Sc. QAM.)
BLUITERED, ppl. adj. Cum. Injuriously affected by
drinking.
Cum. Aw bais'd, an' bluitert, an' queerish, ANDERSON Ballads
(1805) II, 170, ed. 1820; Cum.1
BLUN, adj. Lan. Also in form blund Lan.1 [blun(d.]
Blind, alsoyig-. Cf. blound.
Lan.1 e.Lan. l A person so deeply in love as to be insensible to
the obvious defects of the beloved is said to be blun.
BLUNDER, v. and sb. Var. dial, usages. Also written
blunther Bnff.
1. v. Of water or other liquid : to disturb the sediment,
to make turbid or muddy.
Yks. So y* beer or ale when joggd in the bowle is said to be
blundred drink, and beer all blundred (K.). n.Yks. The liquid
alum was beginning to come thickened and muddy, blundered, as
Adam said, LINSKILL Haven Hill (1886) Ixii ; n.Yks.1 Moother,
t'bairns ha bin an' blundered t'watter, while its a' 's thick as soss;
n.Yks.2 e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796). ra.Yks.1 niin.1
Please sir. sum lads hes been blunderin' th' waiter e' Saaint John
Well.
Hence Blund(e)ry, adj. muddy.
n.Yks. T' waiter's blundry efler I'rain (I.W.).
2. To mix incongruously ; to disarrange ; to upset the
mechanism of a watch, lock, &c.
n-Yks.1 Tak' heed, lad, or lhee'11 blunder I'lock wi' thor aud kays ;
n.Yks.2 m.Yks.1 When unskilful hands have thrown a clock out
of order, in interfering with ils mechanism, Ihey have blundered
it. Of small shol, of different sizes, it will be said, ' Don't go and
blunder them pellels.' w.Yks. To concocl mislaken ingredients
would be to 'blunder' them (C.C.R.).
3. To move awkwardly and noisily ; to stumble ; to
make a noise ; sometimes with prep, about.
Bnff. (W.G.), War.2, s.War.1, Oxf.1 MS. add. Ken. The old
cat went blundering about (D.W.L.) ; Gooin' through de medder
[meadow] in de dark I blundered righl over a wallle sel acrass
de foolway (P.M.) ; Ken.1 He was here jusl now blundering about
Sus.1
4. To hurry over anything.
Suf. I blundered and done- it [with an idea of its being pretly
well done after all], e.An.Dy. Times (1892) ; I look and blundered
after him (C.T.).
5. With prep, out, to puzzle out. Hrf.2
6. sb. A loud noise, as of falling or stumbling.
Bnff. The nickums o' loons cam in wi sic a blunther it they
waukent the bairn i' the craidle (W.G.). Ken. (P.M.); Ken.1
I knows dere's some rabbits in de bury, for I heerd de blunder o'
one. Snr.1 Sus.1 I heard a terrible blunder overhead.
7. Comp. (i) Blunder-a-whack, one whose carelessness
has brought on disastrous consequences ; (2) -buss, (3)
•guts, a clumsy, blundering person ; (4) -head, (5) -pate,
(6) -skull, a foolish fellow, a blockhead.
(i) w.Yks.8 (a) w.Yks.8 Hrf.2 I am such a blunderbush in
the dark. (3) e.Lan.1 Chs.1 Blunder-yed. Slang. Why didn'l
you, blunderhead? DICKENS O. Twist (1850) L (5) s.Chs.1 Il)s
I6o-Rn u gild yedlu pill au-dhaat-tug/edh 'Or ; mahy bliin'durpai't
wiid')nu doo it [It's tooken a good yed to put aw thai together;
my blunderpate wouldna do it]. (6) ib.
[2. Who had blondred these thynges on this facyon :
qui a perturbe ces choses en ceste sorte ? PALSGR. 4.
To blunder, praecipilanter aliquid agere, COLES (1679).]
s s
BLUNGE
BLUSH
BLUNGE, v. and sb. Yks. Chs. Stf. Shr. [blung.]
1. v. To knead or stir vigorously any plastic or half-liquid
substance ; to mix, disturb.
w.Yks. (J.B.) Chs.1 A farmer's wife does not like, even for a
good customer, to blunge in her milk after it has been sieved and
put away in the pans. s.Chs^To 'blunge' in milk or cream is to
dip some vessel into it which will make a mess in it. We cannot
speak of blunging in whey, because no idea of messing such a
liquid is possible. Stf. [In the pottery trade] They drudged, . . .
'blunging' it [clay] in the sun-pan. Sat. Review (1888) LXVI. n,
col. i ; Stf.2 Misis, wun jou dzust blundz mi 3 bit a pcist. Shr.1
Jenny, be sharp an' blunge up a bit o' dumplin' for the lads.
Hence (i) Blunge, sb. a mess or muddle; (2) Blungy,
adj. sticky, dauby.
(i) s.Chs.1 We speak of a skein being in a ' blunge' or tangle.
To make a blunge of anything. (2) w.Yks. Cooking ingredients
mixed or messed are said to be blungy (S.N.\
2. sb. A mixture of farm-yard manure and water, used
to sprinkle over the land. w.Yks. (J.B.)
BLUNDER, sb. Chs. Stf. [bhrnga(r).]
1. The stick or pole used for ' blunging ' in making
pottery or at the flint-mill.
Chs.1 It consists of a wooden handle about twelve feet long,
with a triangular plate fixed at the end. Its use is to stir the slop-
flint. Stf.2
2. Pottery term : the large tub with revolving arms into
which the liquid clay is poured.
Stf.2 The arms are set into motion, and thus all the elements
composing the slip [or liquefied clay] are ' blunged ' into a con-
sistent whole.
BLUNK, v.1 and sb.1 Dev. Also in form blenk,
blenky Dev.
1. v. To snow lightly.
Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) n.Dev. Or whan snewth or
blunketh, Exm. Scold. (1746)!. 124; Now let it blunk, us ban't
afraid, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 25. Dev.1 Et blunk'd at the
same time, an the weend huffled an hulder'd et in wans eyes, 18.
2. sb. A flake of snow.
Dev. Now and again a big blunk fell and clung against her cheek,
CHANTER Witch (1896) ix. nw.Dev.1 A blunk o' znaw.
3. A spark of fire.
Dev. There idden a blunk ov vire yer, an' us ant agot no lucifers,
HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892). n.Dev. A blunk o' vire skrent Chrise-
more Nan, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 108. Dev.1 I, wan a
com'th in, shiv'd way the cold, a can't come nare a blunk o' vire,
15. nw.Dev. A blunk o' vire.
BLUNK, v? and sb.2 Nhb. Yks. Written blonk Nhb.
w.Yks.8 [blunk, blorjk.]
1. v. To scowl.
w.Yks. Tha needn't blonk at me, I've hed nowt to do with it
(H.L.) ; w.Yks.s
Hence (i ) Blonky, adj. sulky, scowling; (2) Blunkit,
ppl. adj. scowling, frowning.
(i) w.Yks.3 (2) Nhb. Dowf an' blunkit grew his look, RICHARD-
SON Borderers Table-bk. (1846) VI. 556
2. sb. A scowl, a frown.
w.Yks. He puts on his blonk an' he's his old grandfeyther ower
agean (H. L.).
BLUNK, v* Sc. To spoil a thing ; to mismanage
any business QAM.).
Hence Blunker, sb. a bungler.
Sc. The blunker that's biggit the bonnie house down in the howm,
SCOTT Guy M. (1815) iii.
BLUNK, sb? and adj. e.An.
1. sb. A fit of squally, tempestuous weather.
Nrf. GROSE (1790) MS. add. i,P.) ; MARSHALL Rur.Econ. (1787).
2. adj. Squally, tempestuous.
e.An.1, Nrf.1
BLUNK, sb* Sc. A small block of wood or stone ;
alsoyzg". a dull, lifeless person.
BnffJ Abd. An' sieth it is but hamell pen't Like bladdrin blunks,
TARRAS Poems (1804) 35 (JAM.).
Hence Blunkart, sb. a small block of wood or stone,
alsoy?g-. a thick-set or stupid person. Bnff.1
BLUNT, sb.1 e.An. Wil. Som. [blunt.]
1. A storm of snow or rain.
e.An.1 Wil.1 A cold blunt. Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
2. A snowflake.
Som. (J.S.F.S.1 ; (F.A.A.)
BLUNT, sb.2 Suf.1 Term used by boys in spinning
tops ; an unsuccessful attempt, when the top flies away
out of the hand without spinning.
BLUNT, sb.3 Rxb. (JAM.) A stupid fellow.
BLUNTEN, v. Yks. [bltrntan.] To make blunt.
e.Yks. Thill's gotten sadly blunten'd (M.C.F.M.). m.Yks.1
BLUNTIE, sb. Sc. A stupid person.
Abd. I. just like to spew, like blunty sat, Ross Helenore (1768) 37,
ed. 1812; W.G.) Ayr. They snool me sair, and haud me down,
And gar me look like bluntie, BURNS O for ane and twenty, st i.
BLUNYIERD, sb. Slk. (JAM.) [Not known to our
correspondents.] An old gun.
BLUP,s6. Sc. GAM.)
1. A misfortune brought on through want of foresight.
Hence Blupt, pp. overtaken by any misfortune which
might have been avoided by caution. Twd.
2. One who makes a clumsy or awkward appearance. Lth.
BLUR, sb. and v. Cum. Yks. Chs. Der.
1. Comp. Blur-sheet, blotting-paper. n.Yks.2
2. A blunder, a mistake, a spoilt piece of work.
e.Yks.1, Der.1
3. A deception, a blind.
s.Chs.1 Ahy daaytid dhi^d thingk- dhur wuz sum bluur, soa'
ahy tuwd urn au1 iibuwt it streyt aayt [I daited they'd think
there was some blur, so I towd 'em aw abowt it streight alt].
4. v. Fig. To defame. Cum.1
Hence Blurred, ppl. adj. defamed.
n.Yks.2 A blurr'd name.
BLUR, see Blare, Blood.
BLURA, sb. Obsol. Sh.I. In phr. to be in blura, to
be connected with, in company with.
Sh.I. In rare use. I wadna be in blura wi' him, he's dat ill-
vicket [so malicious] crater (K.I. . S. & Ork.1
BLURCH, sb. Lin. A stain or blot on the character.
See Blur, 1.
Lin. Poor lass, it'll be a blurch for good (M.P.).
BLURRY, sb. and v. Yks.
1. sb. An error, mistake ; a\sofig. a premature birth.
w.Yks. Shoos hed a blurry (B.K.) ; w.Yks.2*
2. A scuffle ; a scramble.
w.Yks. It makes all hurry and blurry, BYWATER Shewild Ann.
, 1856) i ; Dun yoa see, I'd been aht just afoare t'blurry tuk place,
Wadsley Jack (1866) vii.
3. To commit an error. w.Yks.3
BLURT, v. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Not. Also written
blirt Wm.1 n.Yks.2 ; blort Nhb.1 [blart, blst]
1. To sputter, to jerk out by degrees, to speak hastily
and incoherently.
Nhb.1, Wm.1 n.Yks.1 He blurted it all oot, bit by bit ; n.Yks.2
It was blirted out. w.Yks.5 One who has got something to say,
but cannot express himself readily, ' blurts it out be bit an' bit.' If
there is neither sense nor argument in what he says, he ' does nowt
but blurt.' In the same way an impulsive, fiery-natured, quick-
speaking man, when angry, doesn't talk, but ' blurts.'
Hence Blortin, ppl. adj. sputtering.
Nhb.1 A blortin cannle.
2. To burst out crying.
Cum.1 ; Cum.3 It no'but wantit anudder wurd or two to mak'
her blurt reel oot, 152. Not.1
BLURY, adj. Nhb. Wm. [bla'ri.]
1. Of the weather : cold, sharp, windy. Nhb.1
2. Of persons : talkative, garrulous. Wm.1
BLUSH, sb.1 and v.1 n.Cy. Yks. War.
1. sb. Appearance, resemblance.
N.Cy.1 w.Yks.1 An shoe hedn't been bedizen'd an trans-
mogrified, shoe wod a hed a feaful blush of her mother, ii. 296.
War.1 [He has the blush of such a person (K.).]
2. v. To resemble, to be like in appearance.
n.Cy. One blushes another (K.) ; GROSE (1790); N.Cy.2
BLUSH, sb.2 and v.2 Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. [bluf.]
1. sb. A blister.
Nhb. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Nhb.1 Aa've a blush on me
foot wi' waakin. Cum. Think on and bath t'auld meer's showl-
dhers ; there's a big blush in and under that daft new collar
BLUSHED
[3i5]
BO
2. v. To blister.
Bwk. I've blushed my hand (JAM.X N.Cy.1 He walked till his
feet were blusht. Nhb.1 He blushed his hand wi' pullin' the boat.
n.Yks.2 It's all blush'd.
[A spec, use of lit. E. blush, a reddening. So Du.
bluyster, blister (HEXHAM) is cogn. w. LG. bleustern, to
flame (BERGHAUS).]
BLUSHED, ppl.adj. Obs.l Ken. Of wheat : stained.
Ken. The wheat, notwithstanding this precaution [of removing
the smutty ears], being a little blushed, Annals Agric. (1784-18151
XVI. 312.
BLUSHIN, sb. Sc. Irel. Also written blushion.
blushon. A blister or gathering on the hands or feet.
See Blush, sb?
Dmf. (JAM.) Ant GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; I think I have
heard them called dog's blushins, Ballymena Obs. (1892).
BLUSTERATION, sb. Cum. Lin. Also written blus-
tration n.Lin.1 Talk, noise, the act of blustering.
Cum. And meakes a blusteration, GILPIN Sngs. (1866) 345.
nXin.1 You sea we've gotten oor man i'to Parliament for all the
blustraation of you Tories.
BLUSTERLY, adj. Lin. [bhrstali.] Of weather:
stormy ; &\sofig. violent in temper or language.
n.Lin.1 It's been the blusterliest summer e' all my time.
BLUSTEROUS, adj. Sc. Yks. Chs. Oxf. Glo. Ken.
Hmp. Also written blustherous e. Yks. ; blustrous Chs.1
Glo.* Ken.1 Of the weather : boisterous, windy.
Ayr. A vera blusterous nicht, SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887) 251.
e.Yks. We've had avarry blustherous day, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. 92 ;
e-Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.") Chs.1", s.Chs.1 Oxf.1 And every
moment blows blusterous winds, Sng., MS. add. Glo.1 Ken.1
You'll find the wind pretty blustrous. Hmp. GROSE (.1790) MS.
add. (C.)
BLUSTERSOME, adj. w.Yks.5 [bltrstssam.] Of
weather : rainy and stormy in fits and starts.
BLUSTER-WOOD, sb. e.An. The shoots of fruit-
trees or shrubs that require to be pruned out.
e-An.1, Nrf.1, Suf.1
BLUSTERY, adj. Yks. Written blusthery e.Yks.
Stormy, windy.
n.Yks.1 Very windy to-day, Willy. — Aye, "t's blustery ; n.Yks.2
Blustery weather. ne.Yks.1 It's a bit blustthery. e.Yks.1 MS.
add. (T.H.) w.Yks. BANKS Wk/ld. Wds. (1865).
BLUTCH, see Bletch.
BLUTE, sb. Sc. QAM.) [Unknown to our corre-
spondents.] An action ; gen. used in a bad sense.
n.Sc. A full blute.
BLUTH, see Blowth.
BLUTHER, v. Sc. (JAM.) To make a noise in
swallowing liquid.
BLUTHER, see Blather.
BLUTTER, v. Sc. (JAM.) Wm. Also written bluther
Sc. [blu-ta(r).] To make a noise in swallowing ; to flow
unsteadily as liquid from a bottle that is very full.
Wm. It o' bluttered oot o' ower mi (B.K.).
BLUTTER, sb. Sc. Also written bluiter, blluiter.
A dirty, clumsy, untidy person ; a noisy talker.
Sc. There will be Tarn the blutter, HERD Coll. (1776) II. 24
JAM.). n.Sc. He's a nasty blluiter o' a chiel, that's cum t' be
shepherd t' the laird (W.G.). Ayr. The great bluiter hands her
wi' his clavers, SERVICE Notandums (1890) 3.
BLUTTER, see Blather(s.
BLUTTERBUNGED, pp. Lin. Confounded, over-
come by surprise.
Lin. A preacher in chapel gave out his text, ' Behold the Bride-
groom cometh.' Just then in walked a newly married couple. . . .
The whole thing so upset the orator, that quoth he, ' Well, mi
brethren, I'm clean blutterbunged ! ' Lin. N. (f Q. (Jan. 1890) II. 32.
BLUV, see Bliv.
BLUZ, v. Wm. Lan. [bluz.] To strike ; to turn the
sharp edge of a tool by rubbing it against something
harder.
Wm. En bluz'd 'im . . . tehl ah hardly ked speak, BLEZARD Sngs.
(1848) 34. e.Lan.1 s.Lan. BAMFORD Dial. ^1850).
BLUZZ, v. and sb. Lan. Nhp. Also written bluz Lan.
1. v. To blindfold, to blind; to veil, to shade.
m.Lan.1 Nhp.1 He could not distinguish the person who was
robbing his house, for ' the window was bluzzed with a cloth
before it'
2. sb. Blindman's buff ; also in comp. Bluzz-boggart.
Lan. (J. W.O.I; Lan.1 m.Lan.1 Bluzz-boggart's same as Blind-
mon's buff, an' a rare game id is, too. Nhp.1 Come, let's have a
game at bluzz.
BLY, sb. e.An. Ken. Sur. Sus. Also in form bligh
Ken. ; blee e.An.1 Nrf.1 [bli, blai.] A faint likeness or
resemblance, a ' look of.'
e.An.1 That boy has a strong blee of his father. Nrf.1 Ess.
That boy has the bly of his grandfather (M.I.J.C.). Ken. I know
him by his bly (K.) ; Still in common use (P.M.); Don't you
see him like his grandfather ? — Well, scarcely a likeness, but I do
see a bly when his head is in certain positions (H.M.) ; Ken.1 Ah !
I can see who he be ; he has just the bly of his father ; Ken.2 He
has the bly of him. Sur.1 ' He's got a bly of his father ' means he is
somewhat like. ' He favours his father ' means he is very like.
Sus. You favour your father, but I can see a bly of your mother
now and then, Monthly Pkt. (1874) 180 ; Sns.1 1 can see a bly of
your father about you (W.D.P.) ; Sus.2
\_Bly and blee repr. two forms of the same OE. word.
Bly repr. OE. bleoh (cp. thigh w. OE. peoh), while blee
repr. OE. bleo, to which form is due the common poetical
ME. blee, colour, appearance. If all my blee be as bright
As blossome on brere, York Plays (c. 1400) 220. The Ken.
form bly(bligh) occurs in the poems (c. 1320) of W. of Shore-
ham (in Kent) : He ne changede hys blye, 103 (MATZNER).]
BLYAVE, see Blow.
BLYBE, v. Sc. [blib.] To drink much and frequently,
gen. of spirits.
Bnff.1 He blybit a' day at fusky, an' afore even he wiz blazin'-fou.
Hence (i) Blybe, sb. (a) a large quantity of liquid, (b) a
drunkard ; (2) Blyban, sb. the act of drinking spirits. Bnff.1
BLYBER, v. Bnff.1 To drink heavily. Hence Bly-
beran, vbl. sb. the act of drinking.
BLYDE, see Blithe.
BLYPE, sb. Sc. [blaip.] A shred of skin.
Sc. The skin is said to come off in blypes, when it peels in coats
or is rubbed off in shreds (JAM.). Ayr. Till skin in blypes cam
haurlin Aff s nieves, BURNS Halloween (,1785) st 23. Dmf. He flogs
awa' wi' a' his micht, Till skin in blypes gaes fleein', QUINN
Heather (ed. 1863) 144.
BO, sb.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dun Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Lin. Also Ken. Also written boh n.Yks.2; bow Irel. ;
bu (JAM.) ; boo S. & Ork.1 [bo, bu.]
1. A hobgoblin, a sprite.
Sc. (JAM.) s.Lns.Afemale spirit who comes to warn a family when
a member is about to die (P.J.M.). Nhb. RICHARDSON Borderer's
Table-bk. ( 1846) VI. 59. Wm. An auld mear'll startle an throw off
her rider When she hears the dread sound of the terrible Bo,
WHITEHEAD Leg. (1859) 30, ed. 1896. n.Yks.2, w.Yks.1, ne.Lan.1,
Chs. (K.) Lin. Bo, terriculamentum, vox agri Line, propria, asono
nutricum infantes territantium, SKINNER (1671).
2. Comp. (i) Boh-boggle, (2) -boh, a fearful object, a
hobgoblin ; (3) -boy, a scarecrow, also fig. ; (4) -chap,
a name used to frighten children ; a giant, a kidnapper,
' black man ' ; (5) -cow, a scarecrow, a bugbear ; (6)
-creature, see -chap ; (7) -crows, (8) -crukes, scarecrows
set up in the fields ; (9) -fellow, see -chap ; (10) -ghosts,
apparitions in human or animal shape; (n) -lo, (12) -man,
a name used to frighten children ; a kidnapper, black
man; a fairy, a hobgoblin, the devil, a ghost ; (13) -sweep,
the chimney-sweep, as a terror to children ; (14) -thing,
a phantom, a fearful appearance ; (15) -woman, an ugly
old person, a witch.
(i, 2) n.Yks.2 (3) Ken. The beggar's bo-boy spied him out,
NAIRNE Tales (1790) 52, ed. ^24; (P.M.) ; (E.R.O.; ; Ken.1 (4)
n.Yks.2 15) Sc. (JAM.) (6, 7, 8,9, 10) n.Yks.2 n Nhb.1 The
Bo-lo will get you ! (12) Sc. A goblin, the devil (JAM.). S. & Ork.1
A good fairy, supposed to assist the family at Yule by threshing
the corn while the household are asleep. Ir. (A.S.P.l ; (G.M.H.)
NX1 n.Cy. Denham Tracts (ed. 1895) II. 78 ; N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Dor.1
Cum. Spoken of to frighten children (M.P.); Cum.1 n.Yks.2 A
boh-man's face, a mask. w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suf pi. (Nov. 14,
1891) ; w.Yks.3 (13) n.Yks.2 (14) it. It was a kind of boh-thing.
We have the Knocky-boh, who taps behind the wainscot, and
frightens the juvenile portion of the household. (15) ib. She garbs
herself like an aud boh-witch.
S S 2
BO
BOARD
BO, sb.2 Sc. Cor. p>9, bo.] An exclamation intended to
cause fright or surprise.
1. In phr. to say ' bo ' to your blanket.
Sc. He dare not say ' bo ' to your blanket, that is, he dare not offer
you the least injury, KELLY Prov. (1721) (JAM.).
2. Comp. Bo-geek, the game of bo-peep. In pi. tricks,
'larks.' See Geek. Cor.18
BO, see Boo, Bor.
BOA, see Bor.
BOAC, see Boke.
BOAD, see Bode.
BOADER, see Bodar.
BOAG, v. Obsol. Sc. Of a shoemaker : to go out to
work in the house of an employer.
Kcb. Heard lately from a shoemaker in the parish of Balmaghie
(W.G.).
BOAK, see Balk, Boke, Bolk, Bulk.
BOAKEN, see Boken.
BOAKIE, sb. Sc.
1. A sprite, hobgoblin. Cf. boggart, bogie, bogle.
Bnff. In common use (W.G.). Abd. (JAM.) Per. In occas. use
(G.W.).
2. A scarecrow ; an oddly dressed person.
Bnff. (W.G.) Abd. A 'tatie boakie (G.W.).
8. Dried mucus nasi. Abd. (G.W.)
BOAKIN WASHING, see Buck.
BOAL, see Bole, Bowl.
BOAM, v. Som. To draggle, to trail along. Cf.
balm.
Som. How theck umman's frock's a-boaming, PULMAN Sketches
(1842) 80, ed. 1871. [Not known to our correspondents.]
BOAN, v. Yks. [boan.] To nag at, to trouble with
reproachful reminders.
w.Yks. Shoo wor allus boanin' at him f.J.R.) ; In common use.
Tha'll dew nowght withaht Ah'm allus boaning at tha (S.K.C.) ;
A' sail boan tha till a' get it (J.S.J.).
[Prob. fr. bone, sb.. in the phr. ' a bone of contention,' in
allusion to the strife which a bone causes between dogs ;
or in the phr. 'to have a bone to pick,' to have a disagree-
able matter to discuss.]
BOAN, see Bone.
BOAR, sb. Irel. Cum. Yks. Lin. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf.
I.W. Wil. Dor. Som. [boa(r).]
1. In comp. (i) Boar-seg, (2) -stag, a boar castrated when
full-grown. Cf. barrow, bull-stag.
(i) Cnm.", n.Yks. (T.S.), n-Lin.1, Shr.12 (21 War.3, se.Wor.1,
Hrf. (W.W.S.) I.W.2 I be gwyne to kill a wold boor stag. Wil.1,
Dor.1, w.Som. 1
2. A hedgehog. Wxf.1
BOAR, see Boor, Bore.
BOAR-CAT, sb. Ken. [boa'-kaet] A tom-cat.
Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1
[The males will kill the young ones, if they come at
them like as the Bore-cats, TOPSELL Hist, of Foure-footed
Beastes (1607) in.]
BOARD, sb.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Lin. Also
e.An. Som. Dev. Also written bode (HALL.); booard
n.Yks.2; bord Wm. ; borde Wxf.1 Nhb.1; buird Sc.
[bord, bosd.)
1. A table.
Fit There's nae time for coortin' when gowfFs on the board,
M'LAREN Tibbie (1894) 83. Slk. [The tailor] loupt aff the buird
like a puddock, CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 18561 IV. 84. Wxf.1
w.Som.1 Usually applied to the table-top, and not to the entire
piece of furniture. Very freq. called ' table-board ' (q.v.) when
the entire table is referred to. They always used to put up the
girt frying-pan vull o' taties, tap the board for breakfast.
Hence (i) Boarding, vbl. sb. putting food on the table ;
(2) Borderer, sb., obsol., a servant in husbandry who boards
or lives in his master's house.
(i) Lan. Boarding's t'bestlaving.says our proverb, KAY-SHUTTLE-
WORTH Scarsdale (1860) 1. 24. [Not known to our correspondents 1
(a) Suf. Obsol. F.H.)
2. Comp. (i) Board-cloth, table-cloth; (2) -end, table-end :
(3) -head, head of the table.
(i) Sc. (JAM. Suppl.) Nhb.i Obs. Wm. Spin tow for bord
claiths en sheets, WHEELER Dial. (1790) 13. n.Yks.2 n.Lin.1
Obs. e.An.1 w.Som.1 By far the commonest name in the Hill
country. Lat-s ae-u sum brak-sus, navur muyn dhu boo-urd-klaa'th
[let us have some breakfast, never mind the table-cloth], Dev.
He [a table] wid'n be so bad nif we'd a-got a boardcloth vor to
put 'pon un, Reports Provinc. (1885^ 88. (2) Sc. I like not to be
treated like a liar or a braggart at my own board-end, SCOTT Leg.
Montr. ,1830) iv. Ayr. Sittin' at yon board en', BURNS Rattlin',
Roarin' Willie (1787). (3) Lnk. The letter-gae of holy rhyme Sat
up at the burd-head, RAMSAY Chr. Kirk (1716) c. ii. st. 16.
3. A railway signal.
Slang. The average railway man of intelligence calls signals
' boards,' that is if he does not apply the alternative term ' sticks,'
Tit-bits (Nov. i, 1890) 55.
4. In phr. (i) to get on board [intoxicating drink], to drink
heavily, to swill ; see Aboard ; (2) under board, dead and
buried.
(i) Abd. As they gat on board their beer, they bann'd like lairds,
SHIRREFS Poems (.1790) 214. (2) n.Ir. (M.B.-S.
[1. Hir bord was served most with whyt and blak,
CHAUCER C. T. B. 4033 ; At board he fed not, SHAKS. Com.
Err. v. i. 64. 2. (i) Therof may they make shetes, bord-
clothes, towels, FITZHERBERT Hush. (1534) 96; I wull also
he haue too fyne bordeclothes, Will (1424), in Earl. Engl.
Wills, ed. Furnivall, 56.]
BOARD, sb* Nhb. Dur. Yks. Also written bord Nhb.1
w.Yks. [bord.]
1. A working-place or passage in a coal-pit, excavated at
right angles to the line of cleavage of the coal.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. In bye they bumm'd me in a crack, And left me i'
ma faither's board, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843)27; The space
allotted gen. to one man to work in, ib. Gl. ; Nhb.1 There are
' narrow boards,' ' travelling boards,' ' stow boards,' ' the mother's
gate, or common going board,' &c. A ' wide board ' is a pillar in
length and four or five yards in width— a ' narrow board ' not more
than two yards wide. Nhb., Dur. J.C. Compleat Collier (1708) 42 ;
Exploring boards. Borings and Sinkings (1881 > II. 317. n.Yks.
'JJ-B.
2. Comb, (i) Board-gate, same as board ; (2) -room, the
width across an old board; (3) -way, a road driven in the
direction of the cleat, at right angles to the cleavage of
the coal ; (4) -way's course, the direction at right angles
to the line of cleavage or cleat of the coal.
(i) w.Yks. S.J.C. (a) Nhb.1 (3) w.Yks. (S.J.C.) (4) Nhb.1
Nhb., Dur. GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. : 1849) ; Borings and Sinkings
(1878) I.52.
3. Phr. Board-and-wall principle, a system of working
coal by galleries called walls, and intervening work-places
called boards.
[G/. Lab. 1894 .]
BOARD, v.1 Irel. Lan. Som. Cor. [bosd.]
1. To place upon the counter, to produce.
Lan. Squelcher boarded his eighteenpence, BRIERLEY Out of
Work, i.
2. In games : to clear the board, take the winnings.
w.Som.1 Boa-urdz aay dhu boa-urd ! [I claim the board].
Hence (\) Board 'em, phr. an old-fashioned round game
of cards ; (2) Boarded, ppl. adj. condemned as a forfeit to
pay for the whole company.
i Cor. Fib-Lore Jrn. (1886) IV. 125 ; Cor.1 Played by any number
of players from two to eight ; there must not be less than six fish
in the pool. The highest card of the original suit, if not trumped,
takes the trick and one or more fish, according to the number
staked ; Cor.2 (2) Cor. Should you play and fail to take a trick
you pay for the whole company and are said to ' be boarded,'
Flk-LoreJrn. (1886) IV. 125.
3. To call before a board or committee.
N.I.1 What ails you at the man ?— Sure he boarded me an' got me
the sack.
BOARD, v.2 Irel. Wil. [boad.]
1. To accost a person.
N.I.1 Ant. To accost, mostly for money or drink. I'll board
him for a tanner (J.S.). Slang. SMYTH Sailor's Wd. Bk. (1867 ;
(FARMER).
2. To scold.
Wil.1 Occas. used. Her boarded I just about.
[1. I will board her,though she chide as loud As thunder,
SHAKS. T. Shrew, i. ii. 95.]
BOARD
[3^71
BOB
BOARD, v.a w.Yks. [boad.] To cut an artificial bed
in the stone as it lies in the quarry. (T.K.H.)
BOARDEN, adj. Lin. Also Wil. Som. Dev. Also
written boarding Dev. ; bouarden Wil. [boa'dan.]
1. Made of board.
n.Lin.1 There is a bridge in the parish of Bottesford which was
built of stone about twenty-two years ago, but as it replaced a
timber structure it is still called the Boarden Brig. sw.Lin.1 So
you've gotten a boarden floor. Wil. SLOW Gl. (1892). Som.
W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som. The termination n, en, or 6en . . .
is almost invariably added to a noun to denote the material of
which the article described is made, ... as boo-urdn, ELWORTHY
Gram. (1877) 18 ; w.Som.1 U boo'urdn purtee'shn [a partition
made of board].
Hence Boardening, sb. wood made use of for fitting up
a building.
n.Lin.1 Boards are called ' boards ' when not in use, but ' boarden-
ing' when employed. We mun hev' sum boardenin' fixed up
atwean th' corn-chaamber an' the malt-hoose.
2. Comp. Boarding-bridge, a plank laid across a running
stream, as a substitute for a bridge ; (2) Boarden-tray,
a shelter for the ewes and lambs, constructed of hurdles
and boards. See Tray.
(i) Dev.1 Also called Clapper. (2) n-Lin.1
[1. Olyfants . . . With ilkane bunden on his bake a
borden castell. Wars Alex. (c. 1450) 3602. Board '+ -en, as
in wooden.]
BOARD-SCHOOILER, sb. Yks. [bo3'd-skuila(r).]
A Board-school boy.
w.Yks. Onny Booard-schooiler nah-a-days wod a licked him
inta fits. CUDWORTH Dial. Sketches (1884) 33.
BOARD YOU ! phr. e.An. Pass the bottle on !
e.An.1 When one harvester wants to drink after another, he
calls 'board you.' [Not known to our correspondents.] Slang.
Nautical, FARMER.
[Barrere has the following : Board him (nautical),
a colloquialism for, I'll ask, demand him. See Board, v?\
BOAR-NECKED, adj. Nhp.1 Of sheep : affected with
a disease which causes the neck to be bowed.
BOAR'S FOOT, sb. s.Bck. Helleborus viridis, green
hellebore.
BOAR THISTLE, sb. Chs. Stf. Lin. Wor. Shr. Bck.
Hrt. e.An. Ken. Hmp. Som. Also in forms boar-distle
w.Som.1 ; bo-fissle Chs.1 s.Chs.1 ; bore-thistle Ken. ;
bo-thistle Chs.1 ; bow-fistic Cum. Carduus lanceolatus,
a common purple-flowering thistle. See Bur -thistle.
Chs.1, s.Chs.1 sw.Lin.1 So called in distinction to the smooth,
or soft-prickled, Sow Thistle. Midi. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. ( 1 790)
II. Shr.1 Boa-ur' thiss-1. Hrt. ELLIS Mod. Husb. (1750) IV. i.
e.An.1 Snf Science Gossip (1883) 113. Ken. Sometimes called
Gore Thistle (P.M.). Hmp.1 w.Som.1 Boo-ur dus'l, duysl, daash-1.
BOARWARD, adj. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written
horrid Som. Dev.1 ; borrod nw.Dev.1 ; burred w.Som.1
[boa-rad.] Spoken of a sow ; marts appetens. Cf. bull-
ward.
Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863) ; JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ;
W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 Buur-ud. Dev.1, nw.Dev.1 Cor.
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 433.
BOAST, v.1 w.Yks. [boast.] To dress stone with
a mason's broad chisel. Hence (i) Boaster, sb. a chisel,
about two inches broad, for dressing stone; (2) Boasting,
vbl. sb. dressing stone with a boaster. (J.T.)
BOAST, v? and sb. Obs. ? Sc. (JAM.) Also written
boist. 1. v. To threaten. 2. sb. A threatening.
[1. And sum time begun to boist hir with deith, BEL-
LENDEN Livy (1533) 101 ; The tree branglis bosting to the
fall, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, n. 105.]
BOAST, adj. Irel. Hollow ; decayed or empty inside.
Cf. bos.
Ant. (J.S.) Own. (C.H.W.) s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890).
Wmh. That's a boast tree. A boast potato (W.M.).
[Prob. repr. ME. borst(en), burst]
BOASTIVE, adj. Stf.2 [bou-stiv.] Boastful, pre-
sumptuous.
[How must his fellow streams Deride the tinklings of
the boastive rill, SHENSTONE Wks. (1777) I. 278.]
BOAT, sb. Sc. Lin. Glo. Sus. Wil. Also written boit
UAM.).
1. A segment of apple or orange ; so called by children.
Wil.1
2. Comb, (i) Boat-chocks, the blocks of wood on which
a boat rests when on land or on the deck of a vessel ; (2)
-man, a hemipterous water-insect, Nolonecta glauca ; see
Back-swimmer ; (3) -'s-draw, the indentation which the
keel of a boat makes when she is drawn in and out of the
noost ; (4) -stick, the pole of a boat ; the mast of a small
sailing-boat ; (5) -swain, a name applied by sailors to birds
of the genus Lestris, or Stercorius ; a skua ; (6) -whistles,
Fucus vesiculosus, bladder-wrack ; a marine plant having
little hollow vesicles, which boys make into whistles.
(i) n.Lin.1 (a) Sus. Gent. Mag. (May, 1890) 463. ^3) S. ftOrk.1
(4) Sc. (JAM. Sufpl.) (5) Sh.1. SWAINSON Birds (1885) an.
[The fishermen and sailors on our coasts call it [Richardson's
Skua] the Boatswain, as indeed they call almost all birds with
pointed tails, because they carry their ' marline spike,' the boat-
swain's emblem of office in the merchant service, SMITH Birds ( 1887 ;
540.] (6) Glo. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
3.- A tub for meal or meat ; a pickling barrel.
Sc. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863) ; (A.W.)
4. A wooden skimming-dish for taking the butter from
the surface of whey.
Lth. Milk vessels of all kinds, — skimmers, boats, STRATHESK
More Bits (ed. 1885) 109.
BOAT, v. Lin. To enter a boat. Hence Boater, sb.
a horse which will enter a boat.
n.Lin.1 A horse is said to ' boat well ' or ' be a good boater "when
it willingly goes into a ferry-boat.
BOATY, sb. w.Yks. [boa'ti.] A canal-boat man.
w.Yks. Iz nobsd a boati (J.W.).
BOAX, see Balk.
BOB, sb.1 and v.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also
in form bab QAM.), [bob, Sc. also bab.]
1. sb. A bunch, a cluster of flowers or fruit ; a nose-
gay-
Sc. The rose an' hawthorn sweet I'll twine To make a bobb
for thee, HOGG Mount. Bard (1807) 198 (JAM.). Lnk. This bab
o' the heather an' bonnie bluebell, HAMILTON Poems (1865) 33.
Nhb. I pu'd her a posie o' gowans An' laid them in bobs at her
feet, RICHARDSON Borderer's Table-bk. (1846) VI. 317. w.Yks. Ta
May, ah leave full run ta all me gardins, at get flaars ta mack
May bobs on, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Baimsla Ann. (1868; 4 ; A bob
o' ling, PRESTON Musins (1878) 59; w.Yks.1; w.Yks.2 A bob of
cherries ; w.Yks.3 Wassail bob, the bush carried by wassailers at
Christmas. ne.Lan.1 Chs.1 Clover is said to be in bob when it is
in flower. Lin. MILLER & SKERTCHLY Fenland (1878^ 126. Glo.
Clover bobs (S.S.B.).
2. A small quantity of grass, corn, or other crop, growing
more luxuriantly than the rest.
Bnff.1 The hail feedle [field] 's fou o'bobs.
3. A beam or crank of a steam pumping-engine ; the
weight on a plummet ; the pear-shaped piece of lead at
the end of a mason's level.
Nhb.1 Called a T bob, or a V bob, or an L bob, according to its
form. n.Lin.1, e.An.1, Suf.1 Cor. Aw, that theere is our Bob, ef
he dedn't go up and down we should be all drowned and the mine
too, TREGELLAS Tales (1860) 146; The gigantic bob was rising
and falling in response to the throb of the engine at its back,
PEAUCE Esther Pentreath (1891) bk. i. i ; Cor.12
4. Comp. Bob-engine, a pumping-engme consisting of
a water-wheel and two beams or 'bobs.'
Cor. DREW Hist. Cor. (1824) I. 616.
5. pi. Steelyards.
w.Som.1 Uurn daewn tu Be'oclrur Eo'dz, un aa's-n plai-z tu lai-n
mee liz baubz [run down to Butcher Wood's, and ask him (to
please to lend me his bobs].
6. A small piece of wood used in warping chains by
hand, to keep the hand from the friction ofthe threads
composing the warp.
w.Som.1 Called sometimes a hand-bob.
7. A knob, a lump ; a knot of hair.
Cum. A greet bob on t'top or t'boddem, wadnt let it stand,
FARRALL Betty Wilson (1886) 3. w.Yks.23 nXin.1 She duz her
hair e' a little bob o' weak daays. Wor. (J.W.P.)
BOB
BOB
8. A tassel, knot of ribbons ; a round ornamental pro-
Sc. Cuddie ... in ... a cockit hat with a bab o' blue ribands at
it, SCOTT Old Mortality (1816 xxiv. N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Bob o' ribbons.
Wm.1, e.Lan.1
9. A small insect, a louse, beetle.
Hmp. Meary mayn't go to school while she's so many bobs in
her head, teacher says (W.M.E.F.) ; Hmp.1, I.W.1
10. Comp. (i) Bob-comb, a large comb with long teeth
used in securing the ' bob ' of hair ; (2) -grass, a species
of oat-grass, Bromus mollis ; (3) -heads, the name given
to the heads of several flowers, clover, thistle, &c. ; (4)
-light, twilight; (5) -snarl, a tangle; (6) -wires, a trap
arranged at the entrance of a pigeon-cote, to catch stray
birds.
(I) w.Yks.s (2) Wil.1, Dor. (C.W.) (3) Chs.s (4) Ken."
(5) Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). (6) w.Yks. I've seen a streg [stray
bird] over yonder ; run in and let down t'bob-wires and perhaps
we'll cop it (H.L.).
11. In phr. (i) Bob-a-lantern, a turnip lantern; (2) -oak
day, Royal-oak day, May 29.
(i) War.2 (a) Wm.1 On this day the boys carry about bunches
of oak-foliage. ne-Lan.1
12. v. To form into a cluster or knob ; hence to set in
order.
n.Lin.1 Bob up thy hair, lass, it's all aboot thy faace. Bob up
that stack eavins, or all th' waiter will run down th' sides when it
mains. Nhp.1 Bob up your hair.
13. To grow in an unequal manner, small quantities of
the crop being more luxuriant than the rest.
Bnff.1 The corn in that park's a' beginnin' to bob.
Hence Bobbit, adj. full of luxuriantly growing patches
of crop. ib.
14. To put a child into short clothes. Suf. (F.H.)
Hence Bopped, ppl. adj. said of a baby when it is short-
coated. e.An.1
[1. A bob of flowers, floretum. A bobbe of leaues, fron-
detum, LEVINS Manip. (1570) ; A bob of grapys, botrus,
Cath. Angl. (1483). 3. Billeboquet, a bob, a bullet hanging
by a line from the middle of a stick hollowed at the one
end, or both, for the receiving thereof, COTGR. 9. Thyse
ben his baytes ... in Apryll . . . the stone fiye, the bobbe
under the cowe torde, Treatyse of Fysshynge (c. 1425),
ed. Satchell, 26.]
BOB, sb.2 and v.' Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
[bob.]
1. sb. A slight blow, a slap ; a mark, a butt.
Sc. QAM.), ne.Lan.1 s.Lan. It's better nor a bob i' th' e'e wi'
a brunt stick (F.E.T.). Der.i, s.Not. (J.P.K.) e.An.1 A bob i' the
chops. Nrf.1, Suf.1 [A bit and a knock (or bob) as men feed
apes, RAY Prov. (16781 226.]
2. Fig. A taunt, mock.
Sc. (JAM.) Abd. But fouk that travel mony a bob maun bide,
Ross Helenore (1768) 72, ed 1812.
3. A catch, throw.
w.Yks.5 Gie us a bob.
4. Comp. (i) Bob-buttons, see below; (2) -marble, a
large marble used to play at ' boss and span ' ; (3) -off,
a game of marbles.
(i) Cor. The giants of Trecrobben and St. Michael's Mount
often met for a game at bob-buttons. The Mount was the ' bob." on
which flat masses of granite were placed to serve as buttons, and
Trecrobben hill was the ' mil,' or the spot from which the throw
was made, HUNT Pop. Rom. w.Eng. (1865) I. 25 ; Cor.3 A button
is placed on a stone. At this stone another is thrown, the object
being to eject the former stone, letting the button fall to the ground.
The players in turn cry' shank' (back) or' eye' (front), and if the
button falls with the side named upwards, it belongs to the one
who cried it. (a) Nhp.1 (3) Stf.2 Each player puts on a line the
number of marbles staked. Then each takes his ' bobber,' a smooth
kidney-stone, toes another line some distance from the marbles,
and ' bobs ' or throws it gently at the line of marbles. If he knocks
any off the line, they become his.
5. v. To hit, to strike lightly.
w.Yks.2, Not. (W.H.S.) s.Not. There is a forfeit-game in
which the giver of the forfeit is covered with a sheet. When he
is tapped on the head by one of the company he cries out, ' Brother,
I'm bobbed.' ' Who's bobbin thee, brother ? ' Whereupon the
former has to guess by whose hand he was bobbed (J.P.K. ).
6. To poke, push through; to make hearth-rugs by
slipping a piece of cord through small slips of cloth.
s.Chs.1 Elp mi ky'aar-i dheyz pahyz tu)dh 6on, un dii)nu bob
yur fingg-urz throo)th kriist [Help me carry theise pies to th'
oon (oven), an' dunna bob yur fingers through th' crust]. Stf.2
Moind, Bil, az dhi dustnar bob dh' end a dhat dhiar poul thrau sum
windar. In making rugs, as each slip of cloth is ' bobbed,' the cord
is bobbed through a sheet of canvas or strong calico which forms
the foundation of the rug. Wei y*ou an gotn a nois rug ; an ya
nitid [knitted] yar bits on ar bobbed am ?
7. To toss, to throw for another to catch.
w.Yks.5 Bob that dog ower t'brigg an' see if it'll swim. Bob that
bawal here. s.Lan. Used by boys (F.E.T.). Stf.2
8. In phr. (i) Bob and hit, (a) — and span, a game of
marbles ; (3) — into cap, a children's game ; (4) bobbing
out, a game of marbles played with several marbles in
a ring and a large iron taw.
(i) s.Lan. Played by boys on their way to school, &c. It consists
simply of each boy trying to hit the other's bobber, each playing
in turn as they run along (F.E.T.). (a) Stf.2 The boy, whose turn
it is, will ' bob ' or gently throw his marble at his fellow-player's
marble ; if he misses it, but can span with his hand the distance
between the two marbles, he claims the other by virtue of the 'spon.'
V3) w.Yks.5 (4) w.Yks. (J.T.)
[1. Pinches, nippes, and bobbes, ASCHAM Scholemaster
(1571), ed. Arber, 47 ; Becquade, a peck, job, or bob with
a beak, COTGR. 2. A bob, sanna. A dry bob, dicterium,
COLES (1679) ; Ruade seiche, a dry bob, jest, or nip, COTGR. ;
I have drawn blood at one's brains with a bitter bob,
Alex. &•> Catnpaspe, II. 113 (NARES). 5. With the bit of
his blade he bobbit: hym so, Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 7316.]
BOB, v.3 and sb.a Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
Also in forms bop e.An.1 Nrf.1 Suf.1 ; bobby Som. Dev.
[bob, bab.]
1. v. To pop in and out, or up and down ; to move
quickly.
Sc. Everything . . . was floating, . . . her carpet shoon that weer
bobbing up and down like wee boats, WHITEHEAD Daft Davit
1876) 138, ed. 1894. Bnff.1 He bobs richt ill fin he's ridin'. A
saw something bobbin' up an' doon amo' the wattir. Flf. She
lookit like a lump o' copper bobbing up an' doon in a sea o' gowd,
ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 22. Yks. A wildish-looking fellow
bobbed his head in, T. TODDLE Aim. (1875) 9. w.Yks. One heead
just bobbin" up aboon another, Yks. Wkly. Post (Feb. 22, 1896) ;
It wor bobbin up and daan, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1875) 36;
w.Yks.5 When ad said that, ah bobb'd off. It's herleven o'clock
ah see ; I mun be bobbing. Lan. In the Wigan district, as the
colliers approach the pit, before going down, one of their number
is told off, hat in hand ; and each man who is willing to ' play '
bobs his finger in the hat as he passes, Gl. Lab. (1894). s.Not.
He bobbed round the corner out of sight He kept bobbing about,
so as I shouldn't hit him (J.P.K.). Nhp.1 Their noses now peep
from the ground And there the tails bob in, CLARE MS. Poems.
Brks.1 The bird bobbed just as I shot. Soro. Wher thay [puddings]
bobbied about just like fishes, ' AGRIKLER' Rhymes (1872) 12. Dev.
Her bobbied down behind the wall (R.P.C.).
Hence Bobban, vbl. sb. the act of moving quickly up
and down.
Bnff.1 The bird ran amo' the girs, an' keepit a bobban up an'
doon o' its hehd.
2. To dance. Cf. bab.
Sc. If it wasna weel bobbit, we'll bob it again, SCOTT Midlothian
(1818) xl. Fif. She whirl'd like whirligig, and reel'd, and bobbed
and skipt, TENNANT Anster (1812) xli. Lth. Games are played
among your feet, Reels are bobbit in the sheet, BALLANTINE Poems
(1856)302. Gall. (A. W.)
Hence Bobbing, vbl. sb. the act of dancing.
Sc. Wi' bobbing, Willie's shanks are sair, HERD Coll. (1776) II.
114 (JAM.).
3. To stoop down, to duck the head.
s.Not. He bobbed his head down under the table (J.P.K.).
n-Lin.1 He was on th' top o' th' coach, an' didn't bob his head, as
he went under th' archway. e-An.1 Nrf. That doorway is rarely
low — mind yow bopyar hade when yow come in (W.R.E.); Nrf.1
Suf. Hinder come our master, bop down, don't he'll see yer
(M.E.R.) ; (C.T.) ; Snf.1 Ded yeow see that there guse bop under
the gate wah ?
BOB
[319]
BOBBEROUS
4. To curtsey, bow low.
Fif. The fisher-knicht, . . . they bob Afore him wi' a brattle, TEN-
NANT Papistry (1827) 160. Ayr. Opening the door at the same time
he bobbed his head, G ALT Sir A. Ifylic(i822' ix. Lth. Out came the
aukl maidens a" bobbin' discreetly, BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 54.
n.Cy. (K.N Lin. The little gells bobs to ma hoffens es I be abroad
i' the laanes, TENNYSON Spinster's Sweet-arts (1885) St. 17. Wor.
(J.W.P.) Nrf. Yow naadn't bop tu me, A.B.K. Wright's Fortune
(1885) 53. Som. Mrs. Sandboy bobbed an obeisance at every
word, RAYMOND Love and Quiet Life (1894) aoi.
5. sb. A quick, sharp motion.
Bnff.1 He ga's han' a bob up abeen the wa'.
6. A dance.
Sc. The bob of Dunblane, SCOTT Midlothian (1818 1 xl. Frf. Hey
the jig o' Ballangeich, Hey ! the bob o' Fettercairn, LAING Wayside
Firs. (1846^ in.
7. The refrain of a song, a chorus.
Nhb. ' Come help to bear bob in my song, Genuine Tom Wfiittell
(1815).
8. A curtsey, obeisance ; a nod.
Ayr. Andrew, on entering the room, made a bob with his head
for a bow, GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822) ix. Gall. (A.W.), Oxf.1,
Brks.1
9. Comp. (i) Bob-apple, see below ; (2) -cherry, (a)
a children's game consisting in jumping at cherries sus-
pended above their heads; (b) the game of taking a
cherry-stalk between the teeth and trying to get the
cherry into the mouth without using the hands.
(i) Glo. An apple is stuck upon one end of a stick and a lighted
candle in a slit at the end, which hangs upon a small cord fastened
to a beam, and swings round, at which children bob with their
mouths open, and often burn their cheeks or hair, by missing the
apple. Otherwise called Snap-apple, GROSE (1790) MS. add.
(H.> Dev. At bob-apple any boy may jump for the fruit, till it is
carried away, BARING-GOULD Urith (1891 < II. xxxv. (a, a) [GROSE
(1790) MS. add. (M.)] (6) Brks.1
BOB, sb.* and v* Brks. Hmp. Wil. Colon, [bob.]
1. sb. A timber-carriage ; the hind pair of wheels with
the long pole or lever attached thereto.
Brks.1 A timber-bob is often shortly called a ' bob. ' Hmp.1, Wil.1
2. Comp. Bob-sled, sb. a rude sledge used for drawing
logs out of the wood.
[Can. DARTNELL & GODDARD Gl. ; The logs are loaded on bob-
sleds and taken to the mills, Eng. Illtist. Mag. (Sept. 1892) 882.]
3. v. To carry on a timber-carriage.
Hmp.1 We can bob that tree home.
BOB, sb.s Sc. Ess. Also bab Sc. [bob, bab.]
1. The most sprightly and best-dressed lad or lass.
Sc. Lizzie Wha shene [shone] the bab o' a' the boon, She was
sae buskit braw, A. SCOTT Poems (1808) 98. Ayr. Heard very
seldom (J.F.).
2. A familiar name given to a friend.
Ess. Still used (H.H.M.) ; Ess.1
BOB, sb.e Cor. Colon, [bob.] A very young calf
before it has found its legs ; a very young child ; gen.
used with staggering.
Cor. (M.A.C.) ; Cor.3 A fine fat calf (none of your 'staggering
bob,' three weeks old), BOTTERELL Trad. 3rd S. 163. [Aus., N.S.W.
No calves given in, except regular staggering Bobs, BOLDREWOOD
Colon. Reformer (1890) III. xxiv.]
BOB, sb.7 Slang. At Winchester School : a large
white jug, holding about a gallon.
Slang. SHADWELL Wyke. Slang (1859-1864); (A.D.H.) ; COPE
Gl. ; Each end and Praefect's mess had their beer served up in
a large white jug or ' bob,' MANSFIELD School Life 1,1870) 85.
BOB, sb.a Obs. Nhb. A caster or trimmer of coal
on board ship.
Nhb. May he live to cheer the bobs That skew the coals to
shivers, GILCHRIST Sngs. (1824) 15 ; Not now in use, and perhaps
at no time a word in regular use (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.1
BOB, v.5 Nhb. Wm. Yks. Stf. Nhp. e.An. [bob.]
1. To deceive, disappoint, cheat ; to balk ; to turn aside.
Nhb. Aw thought to get sum Nabob grand, Aw's bobb'd wi' fair
au'd Nick, R.OBSOW S»gs. ofTyne(\8^g) 159. Wm^He bobt t'heear
i' t'looan [he turned back the hare in the lane]. w.Yks.1 To bob
a hare. Nhp.l, e-An.1, Nrf.1
2. To play truant.
Stf.2 Ei, ladz, lets bob tadi an gQ sei dh' kalvari [cavalry].
Hence Bobber, sb. a truant, one who habitually plays
truant.
Stf.2 Ei sez ez ai [how] ei 'z stopin awl fram skau far moind dhear
babi ; bar oi think ei'z a bobar.
[1. To bob, to cheat, BAILEY (1721) ; You shall not bob
us out of our melody, SHAKS. Tr. &> Cr. in. i. 75; Avoir
le moine, to be cousened, gleekt, bobbed, COTGR.]
BOB, v.9 Sc. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Lan. Nhp. War. e.An.
Sus. Also in form bab Sc. (JAM.) Nhb? e.An.1 Nrf.1
Suf.1 ; baub Bwk. [bob, bab.]
1. To fish, esp. without float or hook, and with a bait of
a number of worms strung upon a piece of worsted and
tied in a bundle.
Wm.1, w.Yks.1 e.An.1; e.An.2 He baited his hook with a dragon's
tail, . . . and bobbed for whale. e.Sns. HOLLOWAY.
Hence (i) Bobber, sb. (a) the hook used in fly-fishing,
as distinct from the trailer (q.v.) ; a fishing float ; (b) a
poacher, one who catches salmon with a ' bob-net ' (q.v.),
the use of which is illegal; (2) Bobbing, vbl. sb. a mode
of catching fish or crabs without rod or hooks.
(i, a) Sc. (JAM.) Lan. It's a little lad watchin' th' bobber ov his
fish-line, FERGUSON Moudywarp's Visit, 10. (b) Bwk. (R.O.H.)
(,2) Lan. Aw could like to go a-bobbin' i' the mornin', WAUGH
Rambles in Lake Cy. (1861) iii ; Lan.1, Nhp.1, War.3, Nrf.1, Snf.1
2. Comp. (i) Bob-net, a long salmon net, floated with
corks, fixed by a stone or anchor at one extremity in
the river, to a post or ring on shore : the use of this net
has been prohibited since 1857 ; (2) -rod, a fishing-rod.
(i) Bwk. A bawb net or bob net is a moored or fixed engine,
and even when it was legally used was fixed in an eddy. Hence
' bob,' from the bobbing or dancing [of the floats ?] caused by the
eddy, or by the strike of the fish (R.O.H.). Nhb. (W.H.H.) ;
Nhb.1 In fishing for sea trout off rock ends they use a bab-net of
five inch mesh, in which the fish are caught by the gills, OLIVER
Rambles (1835) 221. (2) Lan. So, off they set wi' the bob-rods
i' hond, WAUGH Rambles in Lake Cy. (1861) iii.
BOB, v.7 and sb.9 m.Yks.1 [bob.] 1. v. To surprise.
2. sb. A surprise.
BOB, int. Suf. Slang. Stop, that's enough !
Suf. Bob ! bob ! or bob you ! A child is so addressed to stop
him when he is drinking too much. In the harvest-field it means
' have done with your draught, and let others have a turn ' (F. H. ).
Slang. ' Say when,' said Bonko, taking up a flagon of whiskey,
and commencing to pour out the spirit. ..." Bob ! ' replied I, Mod.
Society (June 6, 1889) (FARMER).
BOBAW, int. Not. An exclamation to children :
don't touch, don't meddle. See Baba.
s.Not. Bobaw ! baby mustn't pull mammy's hair (J.P.K.).
BOBBANT, adj. Obs. Wil. Of a girl: forward,
romping.
Wil. BRITTON Beauties (1825); Wil.1
BOBBER, sb.1 Shr. A term of familiarity.
Shr.2 Well bobber, how bin 'e ?
BOBBER, sb.1 Yks. Chs. Lan. [bo-ba(r).]
1. A large marble 3 or 4 ins. in circumference, made some-
times of iron or stone, but more commonly of burnt clay.
Lan. ' Bobber ' and ' dobber ' were used simultaneously, but the
latter word was most common (S.W.) ; (F.E.B.) Chs.1
2. A special sort of bowl ; a lob.
w.Yks. The rustic cricketer had been content with slow ' bob-
bers,' BURNLEY Sketches (1875) 165 ; Still used (M.F.).
3. In phr. Bobber and kibbs, a children's game.
Lan. Groups made dirt-pies ; clusters played ' bobber and kibbs,'
BURNETT Haworths (1887) vi; (F.E.T.) ; It is played with a ' bob-
ber ' (q.v.) and 6 or 8 ' kibbs,' small cubes of earthenware. The
kibbs are spread on the ground (a hard surface), and the player
bounces the bobber and picks up a kibb. He must then catch the
bobber, bounce it again, pick up a kibb, and so on until all the
kibbs are held in the hand. The game is mostly played by girls
(F.E.B.) ; Seldom played now (S.W.).
BOBBER, adj. Cum. Chs. Der. [bo'ba(r).] In high
spirits, saucy, pert ; venturesome, bold. See Bobberous.
Cnm. LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 297. Chs.123, Der.1
BOBBEROUS, adj. Obsol. Nhb. Yks. Chs. In high
spirits, elated, ' cock-a-hoop.' See Bobbersome.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781) ; w.Yks.1
Thouz seea bobberous an keckahoop wi thy twelve groats, ii. 301.
Chs.1 s«
BOBBERSOME
[320]
BOBBISH
BOBBERSOME, adj. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Shr.
In high spirits, bold, forward, venturesome ; impatient.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Win.1, w.Yks.12 Lan. What dust think abeawt
mi cap ? isn't it bobbersome ? BRIERLEY Tales (1854) II. 194 ; Lan.1
To comparen me to an urchon [hedgehog]. Is not it like running
me deawn, an a bit too bobbersome ? TIM BOBBIN Wks. (1750)
Itttrod. xxxviii. ne.Lan.1, e.Lan.1, Chs.1 Shr.1 Dunna yo be too
bobbersome wi' yore money.
BOBBERY, sb. In gen. dial, use in Eng. Also in
form baubery e.An.1 ; bubbery N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 [bo'bari.]
A noise, disturbance ; a quarrel, dispute.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 What's aa this bobbery aboot? e.Yks.1 Lan.
Let's not kick up any bobbery, STATON B. Shuttle Bowtun, 62. I.Ma.
What's the bobbery between the pair of you ? CAINE Manxman
(1894) pt. in. ix. n.Lin.1, Brks.1, e.An.12, Suf.1 Ess. Gl. (18511.
Ken. You ain' got no call to kick up such a bobbery (P.M.) ; Ken.1,
Sus.2, Hmp.1 Som. There's a fine bobbery over to Paris in France,
RAYMOND Love and Quiet Life (1894) 25. w.Som.1 There was a
purty bobbery way em, sure 'nough. Dev. There's a purty bob-
bery up tti ouze. The young miss 'ath amarried tha groom,
HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892). w.Cor. Common (M.A.C.). Cor.2
Slang. 1 heard something yesterday of his kicking up a bobbery
in the kitchen, BARHAM Ingoldsby (1864) Spectre of Tappington.
[Aus., N.S.W. If you make a bolt of it now there'll be no end of
a bobbery, BOLDREWOOD Robbery (1888) II. xi.]
BOBBIES'-EYES, sb. pi. Hmp.1 The speedwell,
Veronica chamaedrys.
BOBBIN, sb.1 Sc. Dur. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Lin. War.
Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. [bo'bin.]
1. A wooden tube or cylinder upon which yarn is
wound in weaving or spinning.
Slk. (JAM.), Dur.1 w.Yks. (J.M.); The bobbin is placed upon
the spindle, and the yarn is spun and wound directly on to the
bobbin (W.T.). Chs.1
2. A piece of pressed gunpowder, used for blasting
coal, in shape not unlike a full ' bobbin ' of thread. n.Stf.
(J.T.)
3. A white, round string or tape used to strengthen the
hem in many garments.
w.Som.1 A running tape in a pinafore or the string of a baby's
cap is a bobbin. Dev., Cor. Monthly Mag. (18081 II. 423.
4. A string with a knob at the end attached to a door-
latch, by which the door can be opened from the outside.
War. (J.R.W.) Dor. We thought we heard a hand pawing
about the door for the bobbin, HARDY Madding Crowd (1874) viii.
Som. SWEETMAN Winccmton Gl. (1885). w.Som.'
5. Comp. (i) Bobbin-engine, a contrivance by means of
which several threads can be wound at the same time in
spinning ; (2) -gun, a toy gun made out of a weaver's
wooden bobbin ; (3) -hat, a silly fellow ; (4) -lad, a boy
who provides the weavers with weft ; ($) -ligger, a boy
employed to put or ' lig ' bobbins on a rail on the spinning
frame ; (6) -mill, a mill or factory for the manufacture of
bobbins ; (7) -pegger, see -ligger ; (8) -pegging, putting
the bobbin on the rail on the spinning frame ; (9) -sucker,
a round tube used to wet the bobbins by sucking the
water through them ; (10) -turner, (a) a man who makes
bobbins ; (b) a useless effeminate fellow ; (n) -wheel,
an old-fashioned arrangement consisting of a large and
small wheel, for winding yarn on to a bobbin ; (12) -wood,
wood suitable for the manufacture of bobbins, usually
the stems of apple, pear, or other hard woods.
(i) w.Yks. (J.T.) (2) Lan. He'd ha' done mooar wark wi' a
bobbin-gun nur they'd ha' done wi' a sixty-eight peawndhur,
BRIERLEY Daisy Nook (1859) i(> ; OAs.iS.W.) s.Lan. (F.E.T.) (3)
Lan. If t' offers it mi au'll slat it i' thi' face, theaw grate bobbin-hat,
BRIERLEY Day Out (1859) 42. (4) w.Yks. Then come the bobbin
lads, as the little saucy urchins who provide the weavers with weft
are called, BURNLEY Bradford Life (1872) Day in the Mill. (5) ib.
(F.R.) (6) Chs.1 The trade is now dying out, owing to the use of
iron or tin for bobbins. (71 w.Yks. (F.R.) (8) ib. He'd risen to
bobbin-peggin, ILLINGWORTH Clayton Ann. (1878) 52. (9) ib.
(D.L.) (10) Chs.1 Many factories maintain, or used to maintain,
a bobbin turner, (n) w.Yks. (J.M.) (12) Chs.1 sw.Lin.1 Excel-
lent underwood, consisting of 26 acres of bobbin-wood, &c.
BOBBIN, sb? Ken. [bo'bin.]
1. A small bundle of brushwood used for firewood,
measuring from 12 to 16 ins. in length and about 3 ins. in
diameter. Cf. bavin.
Ken. (D.W.L.) ; (P.M.); Ken.1
Hence Bobbiner, sb. a dealer in bobbins or bavins.
Ken. (W.D.P.)
2. Comp. Bobbin-tug, a light framework of wheels, with
an upright stick at each of the four corners, used for
carrying ' bobbins ' about for sale.
Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1
BOBBIN-COCKER, sb. Obs. Lan. Also in form
bobby-. A travelling glazier, gen. used contemptuously.
Lan. He says at he'll oather be a sailor or a bobby-cocker,
WAUGH Chimn. Corner (1874) 158, cd. 1879 ; Quite common forty
years ago in the Bury district, Manch. City News (Dec. 12, 1896) ;
(S.W.)
BOBBENG-CHARGE, sb. Lon. The payment of one
penny by a porter in Billingsgate Fish Market for the
privilege of carrying bought parcels of fish for the
buyer.
Lon. Gl. Lab. (1894).
Hence Bobber, sb. a man who stands on a bench by
the salesman and receives the bobbing-charge. ib.
BOBBING- JOAN, sb. Nhp. Dev.
1. An old country dance.
Nhp.2 [To dance bobbing Joan, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)]
2. A gay, sprightly girl.
Dev. Aw, whot a bobbing-Joan thee art, Polly ! Wait a bit, m'
dear, till yil'm married ; yu'll 'ave to stap they hantics, HEWETT
Peas. Sp. (1892) ; Not common (R.P.C.).
fl. Don't let your Niece sing ' Bobbing Joan ' ! BARHAM
Ingoldsby Leg. (1840) Nell Cook ; Strike up Bobbing Joan,
Or I'll break your fiddle, Hop Garland (1756) (NARES).]
BOBBING-NEEDLE, sb. Sus.1 A bodkin.
BOBBIN JOAN, sb. Nhp. Cor. Also in form Bobbin
and Joan Nhp.1
1. The wild arum, Arum maculatum.
Nhp.1 Prob. [so called] from the fancied resemblance to a lace-
maker's bobbin. Called also Lords and Ladies, Cows and Calves,
Bulls and Cows, Dog-bobbins, and Lamb's-lakens ; Nhp.2
2. A round excrescence on potatoes ; the seed of
potatoes.
Cor. THOMAS Randigal Rhymes 1895) Gl. ; Cor.2 MS. add.
BOBBIN-QUAW, sb. Sc. Also in form babbanqua
Bwk. A quagmire ; a spring over which a tough sward
has grown sufficient to support a person's weight.
Rxb. So named from its quaking or bobbing under a person's
weight (s.v. Quaw) (JAM.). Bwk. Stalk'd awa, And vanish'd in a
babbanqua, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 8 ; Near its northern
extremity a quagmire, or babanqua, ib. 9.
BOBBINS, sb.1 pi. Sc. Bck. (i) The wild arum,
Arum maculatum (n.Sc.) ; (2) Nymphaea alba, water-lily
(n.Bck.); (3) The bunch of edible foliaceous ligaments
attached to the stalk of Badderlocks or Hen-ware, Fucus
esculentus (JAM.).
BOBBINS, sb.2 pi. Dev. Various reptilian vertebrae.
Dev. Several of these bones found by a man working in a stone
delph were described to me as bobbins, ^V. & Q. (1877) 5th S.
vii. 116.
BOBBIN WINDING, phr. Lan. A term of disparage-
ment or ridicule.
Lan. That's all bobbin winding (S.W.). eXan.',s.Lan. (F.E.T.)
BOBBISH, adj. Chs. Stf. Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. Brks.
Bdf. Lon. Hnt. e.An. Ken. Hmp. Wil. Som. [bo'bij.]
1. In good health and spirits, lively, cheerful ; gen. used
with pretty.
Chs.13 s. Chs.1 Wei, aay binyi au-dhtis mau-rnin? — Oa~, bob'ish
[Well, hal bin ye aw this mornin'?— Oh, bobbish]. Stf. an aiz
moSar Dainz Sis morning ? — Ou, bobis loik. Lei.1 Nhp.1; Nhp.2
How bist 'el— Purty bobbish, thankee. War.3, Shr.12, Brks.1
Bdf. Its purty goodish, bobbish, like, ELLIS Pronunc. (1889) V. 206.
Lon. When times were ' pretty bobbish,' they clubbed together
for a good supper of tripe, MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) II. 42.
Hrt. (T.P.F.), e.An.1, Snf.1 Ess. He now declared That he was
bobbish, CLARK /. Noakes (1839) i& Ken. (P.M.), Hmp.1 Wil.
BRITTON Beauties (1825) ; WiL1 Som. (J.S.F.S.) ; (T.A.A.)
Hence Bobbishly, adv. pretty well, cleverly. e.An.1
2. Conceited, foppish. Stf.2
BOBBIT
BOD
BOBBIT,/.//- adj. Sc. [bo'bit.] Having an uneven
surface ; ornamented with tassels. Cf. bob, sb.1
Lnk. Wale out the whitest of my bobbit bands, RAMSAY Gentle
Shep. (1725) II. i. Edb. (W.G.)
BOBBLE, sb.1 Cor. [bo'bl.] A pebble.
Cor. N. &•• Q. (1854) ist S. x. 179 ; THOMAS Randigal Rhymes
(i895)G/.; Cor.12
[Repr. ME. pobbel, a pebble. For vche a pobbel in
pole . . . Wat; Emerad, saffer, oj>er gemme gente, The
Pearl (c. 1360) 117, in AIM. P. 4. OE. papal (popel) -slan,
pebble.]
BOBBLE, sb? Ayr. (JAM.) A slovenly fellow.
BOBBLE, sb* and v. Won Som. Cor. [bo'bl.]
1. sb. A ground swell of the sea.
Cor.1 An ugly bobble in the sea ; Cor.2
2. v. To bob up and down.
s.Wor. (H.K. ), Som. (W.F.R.), Cor.2
BOBBS, sb. pi. Stf. Clay in which potters stood their
wares to prevent them from sticking to the ' shrager.'
stf. (K.) ; stf.1
BOBBY, sb.1 War. Wor. Dev. [bo'bi.] The robin.
War. 2, s.War.1, Wor. (J.W.P.), Dev.3
BOBBY, sb.1 Sc. [bo-bi.]
1. A grandfather.
aSc. UAM.) Abd. And the twa bobbies were baith fidging fain,
That they had gotten an oye o' their ain, Ross Helenore (1768) n,
ed. 1812 ; Not usual (G.W.).
2. A familiar name for the devil ; gen. used with auld.
Sc. (JAM.) Abd. He'd meet auld Boby, ere he met wi' me,
SHIRREFS Poems (1790) 87 ; (A.W.)
BOBBY, sb? Nhb. [bo'bi.] The 'pink of perfection,'
neatness, smartness.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 An' Willy thou, wi' the jacket blue, Thou was the
varra Bobby, O ! SELKIRK Swalwell Hoppin (c. 1843).
BOBBY, adj. Chs. Wor.
1. In good health and spirits. Chs.1 See Bobbish.
2. Smartly dressed, ' brushed up.'
ne.Wor. She's quite bobby in her new hat (J.W.P.).
BOBBY -COCKER, see Bobbin-cocker.
BOBBY-DAZZLER, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf.
dazhs(r).]
1. Anything striking or excellent of its kind ; a
handsome woman.
w.Yks. Mi new frock's a reight bobby-dazzler (S.K.C.). Lan.
ff. & Q. (1866, 3rd S. x. 290. m-Lan.1 A lass is a bobby-dazzler
when hoo's getten a new frock on. s.Chs.1 Dhur wtiz u bob'i-
daaz-lur ut dhu stee-shun dhfls mau-rnin ; do woz u buk-sflm laas
[There was a Bobby-dazzler at the station this mornin' ; hoo was
a buxom lass]. Stf.2 Wei, Jim, thei ast marid a bobi-dazlar !
You mun kum an sei ar nau os ; its a reglar bobi-dazlar.
2. A silly person or saying ; a mad action.
w.Yks. He s nobbud shot a man. — Gow, that's a bobby-dazzler i
Leeds Sat. Jm. (Dec. 1895) 3, col. i. s.Chs.1 Wei, ey)z u praat-i
bob-idaaz-lur [Well, hey's a pratty bobby-dazzler]. Well, that's
a bobby-dazzler, that is.
BOBBY- WREN, sb. Nrf. The wren, Troglodytes par-
vulus.
Nrf. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 35.
BO-BELL, sb. Lan. A little bell given to a child as
a plaything.
Lan. (S.W.), e-Lan.1
BOB JOLLY, phr. Suf. A mess; the result of leaving
things to take care of themselves.
Suf. RAVEN Hist. Suf. (1895) 264 ; Very common among elderly
people. It implies not inaction, but action of the wrong kind.
He made a reg'lar bob jolly of that job (F.H.).
BOB-OWLER, sb. Stf. War. Wor. Also in form bob
bowler War.2; bob-howler War.; bob-owlet War.3
s-Wor.1 ; hob-bowler War. Any large moth. Cf. owl
(a moth), oulud.
Stf. (G.E.D.) ; The thick-bodied moths are called ' Bob-owlers,'
Science Gossip (1878) 283. War. In some parts of the country,
and s.War. esp., also called ' Hob-Bowler,' B'ham. Dy. Mail
(Feb. 19, i8g6) ; War.2" s.Wor. (H.K.) ; s.Wor.1
BOB-ROBIN, sb. Sc. War. Wor. Wil. [bo-b-robin.]
The robin redbreast, Erithacus rubecula.
Sc. SWAINSON Birds (18851 13. War.8 w.Wor. It be our
beadle, sir, that be, though he baynt much to look at now — not
[bo'bi-
fine,
VOL. I.
more than a young Bob robin, as he hasn't got his red breast,
Ben-ow's Jrn. (Mar. 10, 1888). Wil. Never called robin simply
K.M.G.).
BOB'S-A-DYING, phr. Nhb. Yks. Dor. Dev. Also in
forms bobs-a-dial, bobs-a-dilo e.Yks.1 A great ' row' or
racket ; boisterous merriment.
Nhb.1 What a Bob's-a-dying they made ! e.Yks.1 Dor. She
used to kick up Bob's-a-dying at the least thing in the world,
HARDY Greenwd. Tree (1872) vi ; She threatened to run away
from him, and kicked up Bob's-a dying, and I don't know what, 16.
Ethelberta ',1876) II. 309. Dev. Ef thee arten ago out to work
avore yer vather cometh intu ouze, there'll be bobs-a-dying wi' 'e,
HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892 .
BOBY, sb. Ken. Dor. A ' scry' or sieve for separating
tail barley from head. Also used attrib.
Ken. Gen. called barley boby ; sometimes 'boby ' or 'boby scry'
(P.M.X n.Dor. (S.S.B.)
BOC, int. Not.2 [bok.] Word of command addressed
to a plough-horse : turn to the left !
BOCHANT, adj. Obs. Wil. Of a girl : romping,
forward.
Wil. GROSE (,1790) ; Obs. (G.E.D.) ; Wil.1
BOCK, v. Cor. [bok.] To shy. See Balk.
Cor.1 The horse bocked at the hedge.
BOCK, see Boke.
BOCKEN, see Boken.
BOCKIE, sb. S. & Ork.1 [bo ki.] A hobgoblin.
[Cp. Norw. dial, bokke, a hobgoblin, spectre (AASEN).]
BOCKING, sb. Lan. [bo'kin.] A kind of coarse
flannel, or unfinished cloth.
e.Lan.1 s.Lan. BAMFORD Dial. (1854 .
[So named fr. the village Bocking in Essex. Colchester
and its neighbourhood was once well known for its
manufacture of baize; see CHAMBERS Cyclop. (1788) s. v.
Bays.}
BOCKLE, sb. Cor. [bo'kl.] A supernatural appearance,
a cross between ghost and goblin. Cf. boggle.
Cor. The miners believe them the restless souls of the Jews
who formerly worked in the tin-mines, BOTTERELL Trad. 3rd S. 193.
BOCKLE, see Buckle.
BOCO, sb. Sus. Also written bocoo. A large quantity ;
used principally of fish : a good haul.
Sus. The Hastings fishermen have ' bocoes ' of fish, TENDALL
Guide to Hastings; When we have a good haul of fish we call it
a bocoo (A.S.P.i ; Monthly Pkt. (1874^ 178 ; He leathered de hoss
wud he's gurt stout wip till a boco ov fob hung on un. JACKSON
Southward Ho : 1894) I. 389 : Sus.1
[Fr. beaucoup, a great deal, much.]
BOD, v.1 and s«.r Yks. [bod.]
1. v. To do odd jobs ; to potter about in a leisurely
manner.
w.Yks. One o' them 'ats allus boddin an' doin jobs they niver
sarved ther time to, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1867) 43 ; T'owd
gardener o' t'spot happened to be boddin abaht, Ybs. Wkly. Post
(Mar. 14, 1896) : Seldom used except by farmers or old men,
Leeds Merc . Suppl. (Dec. 27, 1890); (P.H.R.); (J.T.)
2. sb. An amateur repairer, a Jack-of-all-trades.
w.Yks. He's nobbut a bit ov a bod at his wark (vE.B.) ; Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 14, 1891).
3. Work done by an inexperienced Jack-of-all-trades.
Cf. bodge. w.Yks. (J.T.)
BOD, sb.2 Sc. O65. A person of small size, a dwarf.
Cf. bodgel.
Sc. (JAM.) Abd. In use fifty years ago, esp. as a nickname for
a short man (J.M,).
BOD, sb.a Sc. [bod.] A personal invitation.
Sc. Distinguished from Bodeword, which denotes an invitation
by means of a letter or messenger (JAM.).
[Cp. ME. bod, bode, message. Josep . . . sendees ¥>e bode
Sat he Hue?1, Gen. &•» Ex. (c. 1250) 2383. OE. bod.}
BpD, sb* S. & Ork.1 [bod.] The motion of the sea
fretting upon the shore, or in a heavy swell ; the impetus
given by a wave to a floating object.
[ON. bofii, a breaker announcing hidden rocks ; a fig.
mg. of boSi, a messenger, a foreboder (FRITZNER).
BOD, v? Nhb.1 [bod.] To command.
[Cp. ON. boSa, to bid, order.]
T t
BOD
[322]
BODE
BOD, int. Lin. An exclamation of surprise or pain.
n.Lin.1 Bod lass ! bud thoo did mak my heart to'n oher.
BOD(E, sb. Sc. In prov. phr. New bod, new shod,
afresh, with renewed effort. See Bode, sb.2
Sc. A common phr. in regard to anything in which one has not
succeeded on a former attempt, ' I'll begin new bod, new shod'
(JAM.). n.Sc. The phr. in common use is ' New shot new bode,'
as ' He left off drinkan, but he's at it again, new shot new bode '
(W.G.).
BOD, see Bad, Bode.
BODACH, sb. Sc. Irel. Also written bodagh, boddagh,
bodough Irel. [bo'dax-]
1. An old man. Sc. (JAM. Suppl.)
2. A churl ; freq. a wealthy churl, a miser.
Ir. Hut ! he's none of your proud, upsthart bodaghs, CARLETON
Traits Peas. 1,1843) I. 15 ; (G.M.H.) ; A term of contempt in
common use t^P.J.M.). Wxf. Many a purse-proud bodagh and
hoity-toity farmer's wife, KENNEDY Bants Boro (1867) 161. Tip.
Put himself in the way of being insulted by any old boddagh,
KICKHAM Knocknagow, 353.
3. A familiar name for the devil. GAM. Suppl.)
4. A spectre, hobgoblin.
Sc. I have seen the Bodach Glas [Grey Spectre], SCOTT Waverley
(1814) lix. n.Sc. In ye binna quayet the bodach ill cum doon the
lum an' tak ye (W.G.).
5. A person of small stature.
n.Sc. The new doctor's jist a wee bit bodach (W.G.).
[1, 2. Gael, bodach, an old churlish man, a countryman
(MACLEOD & DEWAR) ; also Ir. (O' REILLY). 4. So used
in Gael. (M. & D.)]
BODAGH, see Bodach.
BODAR, sb. Obs. Ken. Also written boader. An
officer of the Cinque Ports charged with the duty of
conveying official messages, levying sums of money, and
executing warrants.
Ken. Item, paid to the Boader when he brought proclamation
concerning his Majesty's pleasure to lay aside a hostility with the
King of Spaine, Dec. 13, 1631, WOODRUFF Hist. Fordwich, 42 ;
Ken.1
[Der. of ME. boden, to announce; OE. bodian; cp.
Bod, v.*]
BODDAGH, see Bodach.
BODDEN, see Bodin, Burden.
BODDER, sb. and v. Cum. Wm. n.Yks. Lan. Dial,
pron. of bother.
BOODLE, sb.1 Obsol. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Stf. Der. Lin. Also in forms baudle w.Yks.3 Der.1 ;
booadil n.Yks.2 ; boadle w.Yks.1 ; bodle Sc. Dur.1 Cum.
w.Yks.284 Lan.1 Chs.1 nw.Der.1 n.Lin.1; bodwill n.Yks.3;
bogle Stf.2 [bo-dl, b^'dl, b?3'dl.]
1. A small copper coin, worth two pennies Scots, or
one-sixth of an English penny ; used in the sense of a
comparatively worthless thing.
Sc. They wad hae seen my father's roof-tree fa' down . . .
before they wad hae gien a boddle a' piece to have propped it up,
SCOTT Si. Ronan (1824) ii. Abd. The ne'er a boddle mair I'll spend
On ale or liquor, BEATTIES Parings (1801) 38, ed. 1873. Fif. For
Paip's anathema or ban Car'd not a bodle onie man, TENNANT Papistry
(1827) 212. Dmb. The dead languages are no worth a boddle
to onybody, CROSS Disruption (1844) x. Ayr. Fair play, he car'd
na deils a boddle, BURNS Tarn o' Shanter (1787) 1. no. n.Cy.
Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.) ; GROSE (1790,. Nhb.1 Dur.1 I have
heard the coin spoken of, and have some reason to believe that it
must have been in use in Teesdale in the early part of last century.
' I dinna care a bodle for ye.' Cum. When I was a boy a catch
question was, ' If one pound and half of butter cost 4</., how much
per pound was it ? ' The answer to be given in money — twopence and
four bodies, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 3,1891). n.Yks.2 1 wadn't ware
a booadil on't; n.Yks.3 w.Yks. I don't care a bodle, Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (Dec. 27, 1890) ; Aw will'nt gie thi a hawpn'y — noa yet
a bodle! HARTLEY Tales, 2nd S. 59 ; w.Yks.12 ; w.Yks.3 He pays
a penny bodle for his land [a penny and a half-farthing per yard] ;
w.Yks.4 Lan. Aw'll not bate a bodle, WAUGH Sneck-Bant (1868)
iii; Lan.1 1st naw hav one boadle t'spere o meh hoyde silver,
TIM BOBBIN Wks. (ed. 1750; 55. Chs.1 Stf.2 Oi ansr gotn 3
bougl [I haven't a farthing]. nw.Der.1 n-Lln.1 1 don't care a bodle
for naaither you nor him.
2. A bad farthing. Der.1
3. Cotnp. Boddle-pieces, small coin, a paltry sum of
money.
Sc. You are to hang for a dirty murder about boddle-pieces,
STEVENSON Catriona '1895) vi. Lan. An old saying was ' He's not
worth a bodle-piece,' Manch. City News (Dec. 12, 18961.
BODDLE, sb? n.Cy. A small iron instrument which
woodmen use for peeling oaks and other trees.
n.Cy. (HALL.) Nhb. I believe this term is still in use (R.O.H.) ;
Nhb.1
BODDLE, sb.3 Ess.1 Dial? pron. of bottle.
BODDLE, see Buddie.
BODDLE-PIN, sb. Nhb. A large pin for fastening
clothes together.
n.Nhb. Also called beggar's pin i^R.O.H.).
BODDOM, sb. and v. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lin. Dev. Also written boddum S. & Ork.1 Dur.1 Cum.1
ne.Yks.1 e.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 ; boddam Cum. Wm. w.Yks.
Dev. ; boddim Elg. Dev. ; bodm Wm.1 Dial. pron. of
bottom.
BODE, sb.1 Obs. ? Sc. n.Cy. A portent. See Bode, v.1
Ayr. Mizy . . . was just an oracle of sagacity at expounding
dreams and bodes. GALT Ann. Parish (1821) iii. n.Cy. (HALL.)
[The oule eek, that of dethe the bode bringeth, CHAUCER
Par/. Foules, 343.]
BODE, sb.2 Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Also written bod
(JAM.) ; bwode Cum.1 [bod.]
1. A bid, a price offered. Cf. bud. See Bode, v.2
Sc. It is time he were gane, if he doubles his bode that gate,
SCOTT Nigel ( 1822) xxxi. e.Sc. Tarn was aye the first to put a bode
in for flag-money, SETOUN Sunshine (1895) vi. Bnff. In gen. use
(W.G.). Abd. Seem ye content to hald her to her bode, Ross
Helenore (1768) 55, ed. 1812 ; In common use (W.M.). Ayr. I may
as well give a bode too ; so I say fourteen hundred, GALT Entail
(1826) xxxvi. Edb. I would on no account or consideration give him
a bode for the Hessian boots, MoiRMansie Wauch (1828)56. N.Cy.1
Nhb.1 ' Will any one give me a bode ? ' asks an auctioneer. ' An un-
lucky bode ' is a bid which happens to be made for anything not for
sale. A horsedealer in passing a farm took a fancy to a horse which
he saw and made a bode of £60 for it. The farmer said it was not
for sale, and that no money would induce him to part with it. Next
day the horse was found dead in a field, where it had impaled itself
on a sharp stob. This was said, in the year 1888, to have been owing
to the 'unlucky bode.' Dur.1 Cum. Prov. Thou'll have war bodes
ere Belton [May-day] (K.) ; Cum.1
Hence Bodeable, marketable, likely to be bid for
(JAM.).
2. The price asked by the vendor.
Sc. Yc're ovver young and ower free o' your siller — yc should
never take a fish-wife's first bode, SCOTT Antiquary (1816) xxxix.
[1. pe beggere (buyer) ecne^ his bode, and swere'5 bat
he nele more geuen, Horn. (c. 1250), ed. Morris, II. 213.
OE. bod.}
BODE, v.1 Sc. Nhb. Wm. Also Glo. Oxf. Brks. Dev.
Also in forms boad Glo. ; booard Brks.1 ; boord Oxf.1 ;
bord Glo.1 [bod.]
1. To foretell, announce ; to portend.
Sc.Winterthunder bodes summer hunger, RAMSAY Prov. (1737);
Dirt bodes luck, HENDERSON Prov. (1832) 13. n.Sc. Swcer fowk's
aye bodin ill weather (W.G.). Elg. The gowden cock ; He bodes
the coming light, COUPER Tourifications (i%o%} i. Kcd. The stormy
sky abeen 'im Boded forth the stormy life That awaited Littlefirlot,
GRANT Lays (1884) 80. Nhb. It bodes ill for the lad's future.
In common use ^R.O.H.). Wm. It bodes bad luck when ya pyatt
[magpie] flees ower t'rooad 'at front o' yan (B.K.). Glo.1 Oxf.1
Dhai evi kluuwdz boo'rdz rain [They 'eavy clouds boords rain].
Um wunt kuum aa'rtuur aul, uuy boo'rdz ['Em wunt come arter
all, I boords]. s.Oxf.'Iboordswet,'saidtheshepherd,sententiously,
ROSEMARY Chilterns (1895).
Hence Boded, ppl. adj. ' overlooked,' marked for death.
Obs.
Dev.1 A look'th a-boded, that's a zure thing, es vlesh hang'th so
flabby about en, 20.
2. To expect, look for ; to desire.
Sc. God send you the warld you bode, and that's neither scant
nor want. Bode gude and get it, HENDERSON Prov. (1832; 72, 104 ;
Bode weel and hae weel, CHEVIOT Prov. (1896) 64. n.Sc. Bode
a silk gown an' ye'll get a sleeve o't (W.G.). Abd. Bode a house
o' gold an' ye "11 get a caber o't (G.W.); (W.M.) Glo. Boad a bagg.
BODE
[323]
BODIN
and beam' [an ill hap (alls where it is feared], SMYTH Lives of
Berkeley* ed. 1883-5) III. 32. Oxf. 1 don't bode rain (W.H.Y.).
Brks.1 I dwo-ant booard no raain to-daay.
Hence Boding, vbl. sb. desiring, striving for.
Per. Boding o' a gown o' gowd, We'll maybe get the sleeve,
NICOLL Poems (1837! 167.
3. To betoken, to signify.
11. Sc. He cam into the meetan wi' a face as red's a coal. A kent
that bodit nae gueede (W.G.). Lth. Their red-faced drivers breathe
steam through the weet, That bodes a fire in their drouthy insides,
BALLANTINE Poems ^1856) 23.
[1. Hi ... bodeden ures hlafordes to-cyme, Horn.
(c. 1175) ed. Morris, I. 235. OE. bodian, to announce.]
BODE, y.2 Sc. To offer with insistence. Cf. bode, sb.2
Sc. He did na merely offer, but he boded it on me (JAM.). n.Sc.
He bodit a five-poun-note on im fin he geed awa (W.G.). Dmb.
I'll no bode siller on ony body, CROSS Disruption (1844) xviii.
Hence Boden (bodden), ppl. adj. in prov. phrases :
proffered, promised.
Sc. Boden gear stink aye [promised goods are of little avail],
KELLY Coll. Prov. (1721) 43; RAMSAY Prov. (1737) ; GROSE (1790
MS. add. (C.) [He that lippens to boden ploughs, his land
will lie ley, RAY Prov. 1,1678) 391, ed. 1860.]
BOD(E, v.3 Yks. e.An. Pret. of bid, to offer a price.
e.An.1 He bode me as. Suf.1 I bod em tew shillings for"t.
Hence Bodden, pp. offered as a bid. Cf. bid.
n.Yks.1 Ah'd ten pund an' a crown bodden me.
BODE, see Board.
BODEMENT, sb. Dor. (?) An ill omen. [Not known
to our correspondents.]
Dor. Breaking a key is a dreadful bodement, HARDY Madding
Crowd (1874) xxxiii.
BODEN, see Bodin.
BODE(N, see Bide.
BODEWORD, see Bodword.
BODGE, sb.1 Ken. Sur. Sus. [bodg.]
1. A flat oblong scuttle or basket, of wood or iron, used
for carrying garden produce, coal, refuse, &c.
Ken. Also called trug (P.M.) ; (W.H.E.) ; Ken.1 The bodge now
holds an indefinite quantity, but formerly it was used as a peck
measure. Sur.1
2. An odd measure of corn, left over after the bulk has
been measured into quarters and sacks.
Ken. Dere's 20 quarter un' a 'a'f, un' dat dere bodge (P.M.) ;
Ken.1 Just carry this bodge of corn to the stable.
3. A water-barrel.
Sns. (F.K.E.); Sns.1
[2. To the last bodge of oats and bottle of hay, JONSON
New Inn (1631) i. i, ed. Cunningham, II. 346.]
BODGE, sb.2 Yks. Chs. Stf. Lin. War. Won Shr. Brks.
Lon. e.An. Wil. [bodg.]
1. A clumsy piece of workmanship ; an untidy or clumsy
patch. -Cf. botch.
s.Chs.1 Of clumsy sewing : Sey wot u boj 6o)z mai'd on it! [sey
what a bodge hoo's made on it !] Stf.1 ; Stf.2 Oi set th' journey-
man o' puttin a fresh tap on, an e's made a reg'lar bodge on it.
n-Lin.1, War.3, Wor. (J.W.P.), Shr.1 Brks., Lon. A swelling,
or thick place, especially in anything made of cloth, cotton, leather,
or any similar material, generally caused by bad mending. 'You
could put a piece on outside, and braze it [broken wheel of a
bicycle] together; but then that makes a bodge' (W.H.E. . Nrf.
If I wus to imitate to mend it, 'twould only be a bodge after all
(W.R.E.). Snf. A regular bodge of a job (M.E.R.) ; Suf.1 Dew it
kiender tidily now, an don't make a bodge on't. Wil. (W.H.E.)
2. A clumsy worker.
w.Yks. He's nobbut a bodge ! Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 14, 1891).
Hence (i) Bodger, sb. a clumsy, unskilful worker; (2)
Bodging, vbl. sb. doing odd jobs, bungling ; (3) ppl. adj.
clumsy, badly done ; (4) adv. in a bungling fashion.
(i) Stf.2 War.2; War." He is such a bodger at his work, (a)
w.Yks. He was particularly good at ' bodgin' abaht,' HARTLEY Clock
Aim. (1874) 34. s.Chs.1 Layk flz iv 60 kud')nu wuurk widhaayt
boj'in [like as if hoo couldna work withai't bodgin']. (3) w.Yks.
It's a bodgin' job (JE.B.); Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 14, 1891) . Stf.2
What a bodgin job thel's meed u that bit o' peentin'. (4) Suf.1
3. Fie. Nonsense.
Stf.2 It's all bodge !
[1. Sboszi, bodges, or bunger-like workes, FLORIO ( 1598).]
BODGE, v.1 Yks. Chs. Stf. Not. Lin. Rut. Nhp. War.
Wor. Shr. Hrf. e.An. [bodg.]
1. To repair awkwardly ; gen. to do work clumsily or
roughly.
w.Yks. Don't get Jack to du t'job, he'll nobbut bodge it, Leeds
Merc. Suppl. Nov. 14, 1891); w.Yks.5 What's tuh bodging at
pretha? 'Bodge' differs from 'botch' in that while the latter
implies more of awkwardness, the former has more of the ludicrous.
A man may be ' botching ' in the matter of real work, but hardly
' bodging ' in it. s.Chs.1 Used of sewing. Stf.2 Mother, oi wish
yo'd just bodge mi this hole up I moi dress. Not. i J.H.B.) ; Not.1
u. Lin.1 swXin.1 Either bodge the old one up. or make it all new.
Rut.1, Nhp.1, War.2, Wor. (J.W.P.) Shr.1 I canna-d-awilde to
mend it properly, so I mun bodge it up. e.An.' Nrf. (W.R.E.) ;
Nrf.1 Suf. (F.H.) ; Suf.1
Hence (i) Bodger, sb. a clumsy tailor; (2) Bodgin, ppl.
adj. used as adv. : in a bungling manner.
(i)War. (J.W.R.); War.2 Suf. The warmest burgess wears
a bodger's coat, CRABBE Borough (1810,; (M.E.R.) (a) Suf.
(M.E.R.); Suf.1
2. To fill up holes in a hedge with croppings called
browse. Cf. boodge.
Hrf. VW.W.S.) ; Hrf.2
3. To press down, to ram.
n.Lin.1 Mind an' bodge th' muck aroond that stohp well, or it
weant stan fast.
4. To do odd jobs ; to fidget about. Cf. bod.
w.Yks. Whether onny on ya's bodged abaht mitch for t'wife,
Saunterer's Satchel (1881) 50 ; Of one with a restless disposition
it would be remarked ' He's always bodging about on his feet
(B.K.).
5. To boggle, to fail. e.An.1
[1. Bodge, to botch, to patch, LEVINS Manip. (1570) ;
Bodge or botch olde clothes, sarcio, HULOET (1552).]
BODGE, v.2 Stf. Sus. (?) In phr. Go bodge, or bodge
away, get along! nonsense !
Stf.2 Oh— goo bodge thee! Oi've had enough o'thoi bletherin.
Sus. Bodge awa wid ya, JACKSON Southward Ho (1894) I. 251.
BODGE, v.3 and sb.s Stf. War. Wor. Glo.
1. v. To prod, or pierce with a pointed instrument.
Stf.1 s.Wor. 'A udn't shift till thahy bodged 'im. a wuz despret
standy (H.K.). Stf., War., Wor., Glo. NoRTHALLFlk-Phr. (1894).
2. sb. A push with the end of a stick ; a goading.
s.Wor. "E gan the cow a bodge to make 'er muv (H.K.).
BODGE, see Bulge.
BODGEL, sb. Sc. A little man. Cf. bod.
Bnff. (W.G.), Lth. (JAM.)
BODGER, sb.1 Yks. [bo-dga(r).] A schoolboy's marble
of the commoner sort.
w.Yks. Also called Stoaandy, Leeds Merc. Suppl. < Nov. 14, 1891!.
BODGER, sb.2 Hrt. See Badger, sb.1
Hrt. ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750).
BODIKINS, int. Obsol. Lan.e.An. A disguised oath,
expressing gen. surprise or anger. See Odsbodikins.
Lan. Occas. in use by very old people. ' Ods bodikins ' (S.W.) ;
ROSY Trad. (1872) II. 88. e.An.2 Suf. (F.H.) ; Not used now,
but heard some years ago (M.E.R.).
[Bodykins, Master Page, though I now be old and of
the peace, if I see a sword out, my finger itches to make
one, SHAKS. Merry W. \\. iii.]
BODILY, adv. Nhb. Wm. Lin. Ken. [bo'dili.]
1. All at once ; entirely, completely.
Nhb. Aal on ye gan, noo, bodily [said to a crowd of people in
clearing them off] R.O.H.). Wm. Ah's bodily weary wi' thi
allus grumlin' (B.K.) ; Wm.1 Tom's boddily ruined. n.Lin.1 He
carried all th' plums awaay bodily.
2. Phr. Bodily ill, ill of a disease affecting the general
health, as opposed to a local ailment.
Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1 A person ill with bronchitis, fever, shingles,
would be bodily-ill ; but of one who had hurt his hand, sprained
his ankle, or broken his leg, they would say : ' Oh, he's not, as
you may say, bodily-ill.'
BODIN, ppl. adj. Obs.? Sc. n.Cy. Also written
bodden n.Cy. ; boden QAM.) S. & Ork.1 ; bodyn (JAM.).
Prepared, provided.
Sc. Bodin in all that effeirs to war as if they were to do battle
for a kingdom, SCOTT Monastery '1820) xxxiii ; The waddin was
bodin wi' guests, HENDERSON St. Matt. (1862) xxii. 10 ; For my part
T t 2
BODKIN
[324]
BOFF
of the feast It is well knawin I am well bodin, RAMSAY Tea-Table
Misc. (1724) I. 176, ed. 1871; A young woman is said to be
' weil bodin the ben ' when she has laid in a good stock of clothes,
&c. (JAM.) S. & Ork.1 n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.)
[Stude wacheing, bodin with bow, speyr, and targe,
DOUGLAS Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, in. 222 ; I trow he
suld be hard to sla, And he war bodyn all evynly,
BARBOUR Bruce (1375) vn. 103. ON. boSinn, ready, pre-
pared for service, pp. of bjofta.]
BODKIN, sb.1 Not. Lin. Dev. [bo'dkin.]
1. In thatching : a wooden tool for holding down the
thatch during the operation of paring. nw.Dev.1
2. The case in which school-children keep their pencils.
sw.Lin.1 Probably so called from its likeness to a bodkin case.
3. A team of three horses, yoked two abreast behind,
and one in front.
sw.Lin.1 Sometimes called Unicorn. We have been ploughing
bodkin to-day.
4. Comp. (i) Bodkin- fashion, of yoking horses: two
behind and one in front ; (2) -team, a team of three
horses yoked two behind and one in front.
,i) Not8 (a) n.Lin.l
BODKIN, sb? Som. Also written hatkin. A bar
forming part of the harness for a plough, the horses
being attached one to each end, and the plough fastened
by a chain to the centre.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 In working with oxen no
baud-kin or baat'kin is needed, because the leading-chain passes
direct from the sull to the centre of the yoke. [Bodkins, draught-
trees, MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).]
BODLE, see Boddle.
BODLER, sb Nhb.1 [bo'dlar.] A large pin, used to
fasten a shawl or plaid. Cf. boddle-pin.
BODLEY, sb. Dev. A kitchen range or stove, named
after its inventor, Geo. Bodley.
Dev.3 An ornamental cast-iron fireplace, used in the best
kitchens of farm-houses, taking the place of the old-fashioned open
hearth. nw.Dev.1 The universal name for a particular form of
cooking range, which comprises an oven and a fountain on either
side of the fireplace. s.Dev. (F.W.C.)
BODM, see Boddom.
BODOM, sb. (JAM. Suppl.) Also written bodoum.
A tub, barrel ; also a ship. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.]
[ON. boffn, a barrel ; cp. Norw. dial, buna (for budna),
a water-vessel (AASEN). Cogn. w. OE. byden; MHG.
buten (LEXER).]
BODOUGH, see Bodach.
BODWILL, see Boddle.
BODWORD, sb. Obs. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Also written I
bodeword (JAM.) n.Yks.2
1. A message, invitation ; a precept ; cf. bidding, bod.
Sc. (JAM.), n.Sc. (W.G.;, n.Yks.2
2. An ominous or ill-natured message, a prediction or
portent. Cf. bode, sb.1 [Not known to our corre-
spondents.]
Sc. They maun ken little wha never heard the bodword of the
family, Marriage (1818) II. 30 QAM.). n.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS.
add. (C.\ (M.), and (P.) ; N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Probably obs.
[1. He spak with him . . . With glaid bodword, thar
myrthis till amend, Wallace ( 1488) n. 344 ; Codes bode-
wurd brmge ic, Gen. Bt> Ex. (c. 1250) 2880.]
BODY, sb. Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Ene.
Written bodie Sc.
1. A person, any one, oneself; gen. implying that the
person indicated belongs to the humbler classes, or is in
some way an inferior.
Sc. A crack in the Parliament House with other lawyer bodies
STEVENSON Catriona (18951 ». Abd. Noo beast an' bodie will be
brawly sair'd, Guidman o' Inglismaill (1873) a8. Fit Great bangs
of bodles thick and rife, Gaed to Sanct Andrae's town, TENNANT
Papistry (1827) i. Dmb. If a body may use the freedom o' sayin'
sae, CROSS Disruption (1844) ii. Ayr. Yet crooning to a body's
sel Djes weel eneugh, BURNS Ep. to Lapraik (Apr. i, 1785) Gall
T^a' ™h%CUnni,n' ,°' xhe b°dy> CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (1895) aoc,
Uls Uls. Jrn. Arch. (1853-63). Nhb. Neythur body nor beast
soud be owre positive, RICHARDSON Borderers Table-bk. (1846^
VII. 136 ; Nhb.1 Times ha'e been when a body's been axt out te
tea, CHARLTON Nczvc. Improvements. Cum. A young laady boddy,
FARRALL Betty Wilson (1886) 82. Wm. Hoo cud a body see it et
neet, Spec. Dial. (1883) pt. iii. a. n.Yks. It was t'best thing a boddy
cud hev, TWEDDELL Clevel. Rhymes (1875) 10. w.Yks. Ah wisht at
a boddy cud but a hed a good shive on it, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE
Baimsla Ann. (1859) 4 ; w.Yks.5 Lan. It looks too much for one
body, BRIERLEY Cotters, xv. Chs. ' She's just such a sharp, stirring
sort of body — ' ' Lady,' said Miss Pole, GASKELL Cranford (1853)
viii. Der.1 ; Der.2 s.v. Gradely. nw.Der.1 s.Not. I expect you're
too proud to-night to talk to a body, PRIOR Rcnie (1895) 23.
n.Lin.1, War. (J.R.W.), Hrf.1 Glo. He won't let a body be (A B.) ;
Glo.2 w.Som.1 A body widn never think they was gwain to be zo
a-tookt in. Dev. A body don't stop to think of persons then,
CHANTER Witch (1896) 14. [U.S.A., Ten. A body can't git along
here, Dial. Notes (1895) 370.]
2. A little or puny person.
Sc. He's but a bodie (JAM.).
3. In pi. the children, in a fairly numerous family.
Frf.. Fif. In gen. use (J.F.\ Fif. Ane of the bodies is no weel
(JAM.).
4. Obs. A simpleton.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790); N.Cy.2 Yks. (K.) ; BAILEY (1721).
5. The abdomen.
e.An.1, n.Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 1 followed him up well with hot bags
at the bottom of his body. w.Som.1 Shd puut u flan-een raewn
dhu bau-dee oa un [should put a flannel round his stomach].
6. The place next to the shaft-horse in a team, the
middle place in a team of three.
Glo.1 I shall put the colt in the body, he can't harm there.
7. A large quantity.
e.An.1 A body of rain.
8. Comp. (i) Body-bent, stooping from old age ;
(2) -brussen, flatulent, ruptured ; (3) -bun, bound in the
bowels ; (4) -clicker, a body-snatcher ; (5) -clothes,
wearing apparel, as opposed to bedclothes ; (6) -clout,
a piece of iron which adjoins the body of a cart or tumbrel,
and its wheels ; (7) -gargle, a fever to which cows are
subject ; (8) -horse, the middle horse in a team ; (9)
•snappers, makers of garments; (10) -staff, a piece of
wood on the body of a wagon.
(i)n.Yks.2 (a) n.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 14, 1891).
13,41 n.Yks.2 (5) n.Sc. It is very common to hear the question
when one dies, ' What will be done with his [her] body-clothes?'
(W.G.) Abd. (W.M.); (G.W.) (6) Shr.2 (7) Chs.1, s.Chs.1
(8j n.Lin.1, Lei.1 Nhp.1 In some parts of the county the team is
not used unless the team consists of four horses, in which case the
shaft horse is the thiller, the second the body-horse, the third the
lash, and the fourth the leader or fore-horse; Nhp.2, War. (J.R.W.),
War.3, s.Wor.1 Glo. Smiler was in the body yesterday, LEWES
Prov. Wds. (1839; ; Glo.1, Oxf.1 Brks.1 The horse next in front
of the 'thiller.' Bdf. BATCHELOR Anal. Eng. Lang. (i8o9\ I.W.12
Dor. BARNES Poems (1863) Gl. (s.v. Hoss). Som. W. & J. Gl.
1873). w.Som.1 Baud -ee au-s. When breaking a colt to harness,
it is usual to put him in this way between two steady horses.
This is called putting the colt in the body in distinction to in the
shafts. [MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863 .] (9) n.Yks.2 (10) War.
(HALL , Wor. (U.K.)
9. Phr. (i) A' body's bodie, a universal favourite, one easily
swayed by others, a time-server ; (2) body o' me, an ex-
clamation of surprise ; (3) body of trade, a miscellaneous
assortment of things ; (4) out of the body, intensely
anxious.
(i) Lth. She smiled an' she smirkit till a', man, Growing a' body's
body, baith muckle and wee, BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 85 ; Often
used disparagingly of a time-server (A.W.). (a) Lan. Body o' me,
but you're grown woundily humoursome, ROBY Trad. (1873) II.
301. [Body o' me! that was old Ben Block, SMOLLETT R. Random
(.1748 xxiv.] (3) Cor. He went to a cupboard and looked out a
body of trade, sure 'nough. TREGELLAS Tales (1868) 35. (4) Dmb.
I am just out o' the boddie to see the monster, CROSS Disruption
(1844) xiii.
BODY-LIKE, adv. Sc. With the whole body com-
plete.
Abd. For all the din she was na dead ; But sitting body-like, as
she sat down, Ross Helenore (1768) 61, (JAM.).
BOES, see Boo.
BOFF, sb. Yks. [bof.] An alarm, a sudden shock.
w.Yks.3 When a lad instructed to alarm a colt by saying ' Boh ! '
BOFF
[325]
BOG-BEAN
I
frightened it completely, the horsebreaker exclaimed, ' Nay, lad,
that was too gret a boff for a foil ' [foal].
BOFF, v. Lan. Chs. [bof.] To balk, to head off.
n.Lan. T'fox was rsnan' daun dhis luan an A boft it, an dhan
t'dogs gat it (W.S.X Chs.1 Aw were just springin to jump, but
he shaited ait suddenly an' boflft me.
BOFFLE, sb. and v. Hrt. e.An. Ken. Sur. Sus. Also
written buffle Hrt. e.An.2 [bo'fl.]
1. sb. A confusion, blunder, mistake.
Nrf. That'll hull him in a buffle, COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf.
(18731 86. Suf. He was all in a buffle (F.H.). Ken. (P.M.) ;
Ken.1 If you both run the saame side, ye be saafe to have a boffle.
Sur.1 Sus. Doant ya maak a boffle ov it, JACKSON Southward Ho
(1894) I. 200 ; Sus.1 If you sends him of a errand he's purty sure
to make a boffle of it.
2. v. To confuse, puzzle, baffle. See Baffle.
Hrt He was regular buffled like (H.G.). e.An.2 He was kinder
daarnted and buffled like. Nrf. (A.G.F.)
BOFFLER, sb. Nhp. [bo'fla(r).] A gaiter, legging.
See Baffles.
Nhp.1 The legs of old worsted stockings, or twisted haybands,
applied as gaiters, for agricultural labourers, to protect the feet and
legs from snow ; also called Hoggers and Skoggers, q.v.
BOFIN, sb. Not. A dolt, a dullard.
Not. (W.H.S.) ; Not.1
Hence Bofen-head, a blockhead, a stupid person.
Not. HOLE Memoirs (1892) 193.
BOFT, v. Cor. [boft.] Pret. and pp. of vb. to buy ;
bought.
Cor. I boft a new suit, HICHAM Dial. ( 1866) 6 ; And the doat
figs I boft, DIXON Sngs. Eng. Peas. (1846) 193 ; We haven't boft
no dome for more than thirty eers, TREGELLAS Tales (ed. 1865)
96; Cor.2
Hence Boften, ppl. adj. Of bread, &c. : bought, not
made at home. Cf. boughten.
Cor.1 Boften bread. ' As plum [soft] as boften dough ' — applied
to a very foolish person.
[Pron. of bought, with / for gh as in cough, laugh. Boften
= boft (pp.) + -en, adj. suff.]
BOG, sb.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks. I.Ma. Chs. Lin.
Wor. Pem. Nrf. I.W.
1. Used attrib. in comp., esp. in names of plants growing
in bogs or marshes: (i) Bog-bell, Andromeda polifolia,
wild rosemary ; (2) -berry, Vacdnium oxycoccos, cran-
berry ; (3) -bleater, Gallinago coelestis, the snipe ; (4)
-bull, (5) -bumper, (6) -drum, Botaurus stellaris, the
bittern ; (7) -flower, Cardamine pratensis, ladysmock ;
(8 1 -ginger, Polygonum hydropiper; (9) -gled, Circus
aeruginosus, the marsh-harrier ; (10) -hay, hay which is
gathered from uncultivated and marshy ground ; (n)
•hole, a place for rubbish or refuse of any kind ; an ash-
pit ; (12^ -hop, Menyanthes trifoliata ; (13) -hyacinth,
Orchis mascula, ' Adam and Eve,' q.v. ; (14) -mint,
a variety of the species Mentha-, (15) -myrtle, Myrica
gale; (16) -nut, see -hop; (17) -onion, Osmunda regalis,
'flowering' fern ; (18) -reed, a reed-pipe ; (19) -rhubarb,
(20) -s'-horns, Petasites vulgaris ; (21) -spink, see -flower ;
(22) -stacker, a goblin, a ghost ; (23) -stalker, an idle,
lounging fellow ; also in phr. to stand like a bog-stalker,
to be in a dilemma, not to know which way to turn ; (24)
•strawberry, Comarum palustre, marsh cinquefoil ; (25)
•thrissle, the thistle Carduus palustris ; (26) -trefoil, see
-hop ; (27) -trotter, a raider, moss-trooper ; (28) -violet,
Pinguicula vulgaris, butterwort ; (29) -wood, the remains
of trees found in peat-bogs.
(i) w.Yks. LEES Flora (1888) 318. (a) Ir. She made a feint of
looking for bog berries. BARLOW Idylls (.1892) 217. (3) Ir. SWAIN-
SON Birds (1885) I92- (4) n-Lln-1 5^ Sc. The redoubted fiend
laughed till those on the top took it for the great bittern of the
Hartwood, called there the Bog-bumper, HOGG Perils of Man (1822)
III. 25 (JAM.); SWAINSON Birds (1885) 146. n-Lin.1 Nrf. ' Were
there any bitterns hereabouts when you were a boy ? ' After much
explanation : ' Why, you must main Boy Bumpers,' JESSOPP A ready
(1887) ii. [FoRSTERSa'a//oa/ (1817)83.] (6) Sc.,Ir. SWAINSON Birds
(1885)146. (7) n.Yks. (I.W.) ;8)s.Pem. LAWS Little Eng. ( 1888)
419. (9) Sc. (JAM.) e.Lth. SWAINSON Birds (1885)131. (10)
Rnf. WILSON View Agric. (1812) 1 12 (JAM.), (i i) ne.Wor. The only
name in use (J.W.P.). (12) n.Cy. (13) Kcb. Garden Wk. (1896)
112. (14) Ir. An' the scent o' the bogmint was sthrong on the
air, BARLOW Bog-land (1893) 47. (15) Sc. Where the kingdom of
Galloway's blest With the smell of bog-myrtle and peat, LANG
Rhymes a la Mode. I.W.1 (16) Sc. (JAM.) (17) Ir. Cum.
A homely specific for outward application to sprains or swellings.
This fern was so plentiful thirty-five years ago in w.Cum. that the
fronds were used for covering potato-carts when sent to market
(E. W.P.) ; Cum.1 (18) Lth. He skelpit the herd, on his bog-reed to
croon, BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 55. (19, 20) Lin. The hollow
stalks are used by children as horns or trumpets. (21) Nhb.1
Called also Pinks, or Spinks, Mayflower, and Cuckoo flower. (22)
ib. (23) Lnk. William's a wise, judicious lad, Has havins mair
than e'er ye had. Ill-bred bog-stalker, RAMSAY Poems (ed. 1800)
'!• 338 (JAM.). Sc. 'To stand or look like a bog-stalker,' said to
be borrowed from the custom of going into bogs ... in quest of
the eggs of wild fowls (JAM.). Nhb.1 He wis stannin just like
a bog-stacker. (24) I.Ma. (25) Nhb.1 (26) Yks. (27) w.Ir. I'd
be long sorry to let sitch a mallet-headed bog-throtter as yourself
take a dirty advantage o' me, LOVER Leg. (1848) I. 232. Cum.1
During the eventful periods of the northern raids, the borderers
were occasionally called Bog-trotters, from being obliged to move
across the extensive mosses in a gentle trot, when a heavy tread
or a short stand would cause immersion or destruction in the
bog. (28) n.Cy. GROSE (1790^. Cum. e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur.
Econ. (1788). (29) N.I.1 Chs.1 The timber found in bogs consists
chiefly of oak (which is blackened), of birch, and of pine. They
are all used for fuel ; but the straight stems of the pine are cloven
into laths for plasterers' or slaters' use.
2. Fig. A dilemma, a quandary.
Chs.1 Oo towd me th' same thing o'er and o'er again till a wur
aw in a bog.
BOG, sb.2 Chs. [bog.] A bunch of rushes, a tuft of
growing grass.
Chs.1 ; Chs.3 A partridge leeted near yon bog. s.Chs.1
BOG, sb* Sc. Yks. Lin. [bog.]
1. A puffy swelling.
n-Yks.1 ' Puir labile thing ! It's head's all iv a bog ! ' of a child
born with great difficulty, and one side of whose head was in a
state of soft, puffy swelling.
Hence Bog-bellied, adj. corpulent, protuberant. e.Yks.1
2. Comp. Bog-spavin, a soft swelling on a horse's leg.
Frf. These enlargements are termed wind-galls, bog-spavin, and
thorough-pin, STEPHENS Farm Bk. (ed. 1849) 342. n.Lin.1
[Cp. boggisshe, tumidus, Prompt., ed. Pynson (1499).]
BOG, f.1 Sc. Irel. Chs. Der. Not. Also written bag
Chs.1 ; bug Not. [bog.] To stick in the mire ; also fig.
to dumbfounder, to confuse.
Abd. Better ye were mir'd or bogget, SHIRREFS Poems (1790)
332. Ir. Where my horse would be found bogged, Time ^ar.
1889) 313; It's on'y bogged and drenched we'd git, BARLOW
Lisconnel ( 1895) 45. Chs.1 That fair bags me. s.Chs.1 Yoa')n bogd
im [Yo'n bogged him]. Der. Balthasar was a native and was not
to be bogged by dialect, GUSHING Voe (1888) ix. s.Not. The hoss
wouldn't goo down to the pond for fear o' gettin bugged (J.P.K.).
Hence fig. Bogging, vbl. sb. defeat in a contest of
wit, &c.
Ir. The terms of defeat or victory, according to their applica-
; tion, were called sacking and bogging. CARLETON Traits Peas.
: (1843) I. 275.
BOG, v? Chs. Nhp. Bdf. Hnt. Also written bug
s.Chs.1 [bog.] To go, to budge, to move off ; to remove.
Gen. foil, by off. Cf. bodge, v?
s.Chs.1 To bog a thing off into the lumber-room. Nhp.1 Come,
i bog off; Nhp.2 Bdf. He is bogin off, BATCHELOR Anal. Eng.
j Lang. (1809) 126. Hnt. (T.P.F.)
BOG, v* Ess. [bog.] To boast.
Ess. Trans. Arch. Soc. (18631 II. 183 ; 61. (1851^ ; Ess.1
Hence Bog, sb. a boast, boastfulness.
Ess. Their bog it nuver ceases, CLARK J. Noakes (1839) 3.
[Cp. Bogge, bold, forward, saucy, BAILEY (1721). Cogn.
w. OE. bogian, to boast, Liber Scint. xlvi.]
BOG-BEAN, sb. Also written -bane I.Ma. ; boagbane
Irel. (i) Menyanthes trifoliata, marsh trefoil ; see also
Bog-hop, -trefoil (N.I.1 sw.Cum. w.Yks.1 I.Ma. Nhp.1
War.) ; (2) Primula farinosa, bird's-eye primrose (n.Yks.).
(i) I.Ma. The bogbane to the rushy curragh, say I, CAINE
Manxman (1894) 358.
BOG-BLUTTER
[326]
BOGGLE
(a morass) + bean. Gerarde tells us that ' the later
Herbarists call Marish Trefoile Trifolium palustre, and
Paludosum,' Herb., ed. 1633, 1194.]
BOG-BLUTTER, sb. Sc. Irel. Also written -butter,
-bluter Sc. ; -bluiter Ldd. The bittern, Botaurus stel-
laris,
Sc. Hitherto nothing had broken the silence around him, but
the deep cry of the bog-blitter, or bull-of-the bog, SCOTT Guy M.
(1815) i. Ldd. (J.S.I [SWAINSON Birds 1885) 146; JOHNS Brit.
Birds (i86a\]
BOGEY, sb. Wor. [bo'gi.] A scythe. Wor. (E.S.)
BOGEY, see Bogie.
BOGFOUNDERED, pp. Chs. Also written -fown-
dered s.Chs.1, -founded. Perplexed, bewildered.
Ch«. She told him . . . she was bogfounded in the matter.
Altrincham Guard. (Feb. 29, 1896) ; Cbs.13 s.Chs.1 Ah)m fae'rli
bog-fuwndiird [Ah'm fairly bogfowndered].
BOGG, see Bug.
BOGGAN, sb. Obs. ? Sc. Also written bogan, boggin.
A boil, a large pimple filled with white matter, chiefly
appearing between the fingers of children in spring.
Sc. He coud hae cur'd the cough an' phthisic, Burns, boggans,
botches, boils an' blisters, PICKEN Poems (1788) 172 (JAM.).
BOGGAN, see Boggin.
BOGGART, sb.1 and v. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf. Der. Not. Lin. Wor. Also Dev. (?) Also in forms
boggard N.Cy.1 Wm.1 m.Yks.1 w. Yks.1 * * e.Lan.1 ; boggat
Yks. Lan. ; bogard Yks. ; boggerd w.Yks. ; bugart
n.Cy. ; buggart Lan.1 ; bawker nw.Dev. [bo-gat,
bo'gad.]
1. sb. An apparition, ghost, hobgoblin ; an object of
terror.
N.Cy.1 Cum. LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 297. Wm. Ameast
freetend awt omme wits wie sic a terrable boggart, WHEELER
Dial. (1790" 39, ed. 1821. Wm.1 Yks. In an' aght like Fearnla
boggard, Prov. in Brighouse News i July 20, 1889) ; A mon's
a boggart when he's poor, TOWNLEY Sngs. &c. 5. n.Yks. There
was not a boggart with which he was not on nodding terms,
SNOWDEN Tales of Wolds (1893) viii ; n.Yks.1 w.Yks. Like as
they're flayed wi' bogards. BRONTE Shirley (1849) v ; Stars is
shinin', moon is breet, Boggard woant cum oot to-neet, Vitt. Sng.
Game (W.F.); w.Yks.135 Lan. Thease wurn th' boggarts ot
flady'n thee, TIM BOBBIN View Dial. (1740) n, ed. 1806 ; Has th'
boggarts taen houd o' my dad? WAUGH Come Whoam (i8s6s ;
Nearly every old house had its boggart which played ill-natured
tricks on the inhabitants. Singly or in packs they haunted
streets and roads, and the arch-boggarts held revel at every '3-road-
end,' HARLAND & WILKINSON Flk-Lore (1867) 49 ; Lan.1, n.Lan.1,
e.Lan.1 m.Lan.1 Th' owd style o' boggart's gooan eawt o' date
lung sin' ; boggarts as we hev neaw-a-days come reawnd a-collectin'
brass for th' Deoth list, doctor's bills, coyl bills, an' things o' thad
soort. Chs.1 Eh! woman! hi white thee art, as ta seen a boggart?
s.Chs.1 Dhur)z 0 biig-iirt tu bi seen ugy'en- dhu brik-il pits [There's
a buggart to be seen agen the brickkil' pits]. Stf.2 Tel am oi
didnar nou az oi waz a bugart afouar. Der. Nothing but a —
a spook, as Mr. Kneebone calls it. He means a boggart, you
know, GUSHING Voe (1888) II. v ; Der.2, nw.Der.1, Not. ^W.H.S.)
n.Lin. Th' little oud-fashioned hoss-shoe i'to his pockit to drive
boggards awaay fra him, PEACOCK Taales (1889) 127 ; n.Lin.1
Ther" ewsed to be a boggart like a great, hewge, black dog to be
seed agean Nothrup chech-yard. nw.Dev. Mothers frequently
frighten their children away from dangerous wells by saying,
' Doan' ee go there, my dear; there's a bawker in that will,'
Reports Provinc. (1893). [He thinks every bush a boggard, RAY
Prov. (1678) 232.]
2. Fright, terror, in phr. to take (the) boggart.
n.Cy. Said of a horse that starts at any object in the hedge or
road, GROSE (1790). w.Yks. If shoe took a boggart at owt shoe
would rush (F.P.T.); Yon horse took th' boggart and broke th'
cart-shaft (D.L.); w.Yks.2 She took boggard, fell o'er a straw,
and cut her throat ; w.Yks.3 m.Lan.1 Ev'rybody knows as when
a hoss runs away it's t'en 'th' boggarts.' Chs.1 Ahr tit took
boggart t'other neet, and bowted up Park Lone ; Chs.3 What did
the donkey take boggart at thee for? Stf.2 My horse took
buggart. Der.1
Hence (i) Boggardly, of horses: timid, skittish, apt to
take fright; (2) Boggarty, (a) timid, 'boggardly'; (b)
haunted by ghosts and goblins.
(i) w.Yks. That 'orse o' yowers isn't boggardly (F.P.T.) ;
w.Yks.1 (2, a) Chs.1 A timid skittish horse is a ' boggarty tit';
Chs.23, s.Chs.1, Stf.2, Der.2. nw.Der.1 (6) Der. I darena come up
the lone moor by night, for 'tis a very boggety bit. VERNEY Stone
Edge 1 1868) xi.
3. A coward, a timid person. n.Yks.2
4. A scarecrow.
Chs. (E.M.G.) s.Chs.1 Ahy)v stiik'n 0 biig'urt i)th gy'aa-rdn t(i
frik-n)th bridz of [I've stucken a buggart i' th' garden to frikken
th' brids off]. Wor. 'H.K.)
5. In comp. (i) Boggart-barns, haunted barns ; (2)
-feart, superstitious, afraid of ghosts; (3) -flower, the plant
Mercurialisperennis; (4) -freetened, see -feart ; (5) -hole,
a haunted hollow ; a mythical place of terror invented
with the idea of frightening children into good behaviour ;
(6) -muck, the undigested portions of food cast up by owls ;
(7) -neet, St. Mark's Eve, when ghosts are said to ' walk ';
(8) -posy, see -flower ; (9) -stones, white quartz nodules
found in gravel ; (10) -tales, ghost stories.
(i) n.Lan. There are several ' boggart barns' in the neighbour-
hood of Preston, HENDERSON Flk-Lore ^1879) vii. (2) Lan. Ther's
nob'dy i' Merriton uts as boggart-feart as he is, BRIERLEY Marlocks
1866) ii. (3) Yks. B. & H. (4) Lan. Th' owd lad wur terrible
boggart-freetent, WAUGH Snowed-up, ii. (5) w.Yks.5 Boggard-hoil.
Lan. Near to a place on a highway called Boggard-hole, HARLAND
& WILKINSON Flk-Lore (1867) 196. (6) Chs.1 (7) w.Yks.3 (8)
Yks. B. & H. (9) e-Lan^When rubbed together these are supposed
to emit a brimstone-like odour. (10) Lan. Nancy has a store of
' boggart-tales,' which are the delight and wonder of the country-
side, FRANCIS Fustian (1895) 281.
6. v. To, take fright ; to frighten.
s.Chs.1 Ee wuz dhaat biig'urtid, iz y<5o'ur faeT stud flnee'nd
[ He was that buggarted, his yure fair stood aneend]. Tit biig'urtid
ut fl weyt pee-pOr uz ley i)dhfl roa-d [Tit buggarted at a wheite
peeper (paper) as ley i' the road].
[1. A boggarde, spectrum, LEVINS Manip. (1570). 4.
Like as a fray-boggarde in a garden off cucumbers kepeth
nothinge, even so are their goddes of wod, of sylver and
golde, COVERDALE (1535) Baruch vi. 69.]
BOGGART, sb? War. The common duckweed,
Lemna minor. See Jenny-Green-Teeth. (
War. In use at Birmingham, ./V. & Q. (1870) 4th S. v. 287.
BOGGART, sb* w.Yks.88 The dried moisture of the
nostrils. Cf. boggle, bowman.
BOGGIN, sb.1 Lin. Also written boggan. One who
acts as an official at the annual ceremony of ' throwing
the hood' at Haxey, on Jan. 6; a Plough-Monday
mummer. See Hood, Plough-bullock.
Lin. The first person that can convey the hood into the cellar of
any public-house receives the reward of one shilling, paid by the
plough-bullocks, or boggins. . . . The next day the boggins go
round the town collecting alms and crying ' largess.' They are
dressed like morris-dancers, and are yoked to, and drag, a small
plough. The day is concluded by the bullocks running with the
plough round the cross on the Green, Hist. Lin. II. 214, in
N. if Q. vl857) 2nd s- iv- 487 ! The boggans ... all wear red
jackets, and one of their number is called the ' captain of all the
boggans,' JV. & Q. (1872^ 4th S. ix. 158. n.Lin.1
BOGGIN, sb.2 Sc. I.Ma. Lin. Also in forms baukin
Sc.; boagane I.Ma. A hobgoblin, a supernatural ap-
pearance.
Rnf. We never hear o' fairies noo, O' brownies, or o' baukins,
BARR Poems (1861! 49. I.Ma. Witches and boaganes and the
like of that, CAINE Deemster (1889) 9 ; In common use ; esp.
applied to the spirits which haunt certain localities (T.E.B.).
Lin. The prisoner frightened the child by telling her he had
seen ten ' boggins' in the dyke, N. &* Q. (1881) 6th S. iii. 285.
BOGGING, sb. N.I.1 [bo'gin.] Black bog or peat
used for manure.
BOGGLE, v.1 Van dial, usages in Sc. Irel. Eng. Also
Aus. Also in forms boggly w.Som.1 ; boughle Wxf.
[bo-gl.]
1. Of a horse : to take fright, shy, jib ; also Jig. to
hesitate ; gen. with prep. at. See Bogle.
Dmb. You needna boggle at taking the assistance that's offered
to ye, CROSS Disruption (1844) xxiii. n.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS. add.
(P.) Nhb. 1 The mear boggled at a haystack. Dnr.1 Cum.1 Ye
needn't boggle at ma ; a'll nit hurt ye; Cum.3 'At boggles at lowpy-
back, rack-ups or shinny, 54. Wm. O't fratchin i' t'world winnot
BOGGLE
[327]
BOGLE
boggle ar freeten, Sic troubles ez chance ta turn up in a day, Spec,
Dial. (1880) pt. ii. 31 ; Wm.1 n.Yks. T'hoss boggled and lowp'd
T.S. ) ; n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 Oor bairn raither boggles at an unkard
body. I boggled at it. ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. MARSHALL Rm: Econ.
'1788); e.Yks.1, w.Yks.24 Lan. Somehow she boggled over the
' Mr. Clegg,' BANKS Mandi. Man (1881) xxxv ; Lan.1 What dost
boggle at it so lung for? ne.Lan.1, nw.Der.1, Not. (J.H.B.)
n.Lin.1 He boggles a deal when he teks to spellin'. sw.Lin.1 He
boggles at anything by the road-side. She boggles at the water.
Glo. I've a-laffed thur afore now to zee how zum on 'em did
boggle at 't, BUCKMAN Darkens Sojourn (,1890) 56. Brks.1 A
boggled a goodish bit avoor I could get 'un to zaay eese.
Hence (i) Boggle, sb. a fright, fear, or scruple ; an un-
certain movement, esp. in phr. to take the boggle, to shy ;
(2) Boggle-eyed, shy, easily startled.
(i) Bnff.1 Nhb. His horse teuk the boggle, and off flew he,
Monthly Chron. (i887~) 64. Cum. I nivver tak t'boggle at scoaldin',
' GWORDIE GREENUP ' Yance a Year (1873) a6. Wm.1. n.Yks.2
w Yks.1 His skaddle tit — teuk boggle, ii. 303. ne.Lan.1 Der.2
Make no boggles of it. sw.Lin.1 She always makes a bit of
a boggle at them. [Aus. You made a boggle about being hand-
cuffed, BOLDKEWOOD Sydney-side Saxon ',1891) ii.] (a) sw.Lin.1
2. To stumble, to bungle, to blunder.
Lan.1, Stf.1, Der.2, nw.Der.1 w.Som.1 How did the horse go ? —
Mkldlin like, sir ; but I zee I must watch-n, he do boggly 'pon
level ground. Cor.3 I boggled over the knot a long while.
Hence Ii) Boggle, sb. a bungle, a blunder, a stumble;
(2) Boggier, sb, a horse given to stumbling but not
actually to falling, a bungler; (3) Boggling, ppl. adj.
clumsy, blundering.
(i) w.Yks.2 He made a boggle on it. w.Som.1 Wuul ! dhiis liz
u puurdee oa-1 baug-1, shoarluy • ! [Well, this is a pretty old bungle,
surely!] [The horse] made a bit of a boggle two different times.
(a) Wxf. He is a great boughler of a man (P.J.M.). w.Som.1
(3) Nhp.1 He couldn't get on with his speech, he made poor
boggling work. War.3 He has made a boggling job of it.
3. Cotnp. Boggle-words, hard words, words difficult to
pronounce.
n.Yks.2 Boggle-words, at which our old school-dames were
wont to stumble.
4. To perplex, baffle.
Sc. He seemed boggled, STEVENSON Catriona 1,1895) 'x- Lin.1
He could read out ony text 'at boggled th' rest wi' shame, 230.
War.3 Even Dr. Sharpe . . . has been boggled over a vision he
had, B'fiant Dy. Gazette (Jan. ai, 1896).
5. To haggle, dispute over a bargain.
e.An.2 Cor.3 Boggled over buying two pennorth of fish for
half an hour.
6. To fail. Nrf.1
7. To blink, to open and shut the eyes.
Lei.1 The good Saint Anthony boggled his eyes.
8. To quake as a bog.
Bnff.1 The grun a' bogglt fin we geed on it
I lence -Bogglie, quaking like a bog. Bnff.1
9. To draw anything that is being sewn into puckers.
n.Lin.1
[1. To boggle, haesito, titubo, dubito, COLES (1679) ; You
boggle shrewdly, every feather starts you, SHAKS. All's
Well, v. iii. 232. With the phr. 'to take the boggle,' cp. 'to
take bog at,' to shy at. Daily experience showeth that
many men who make no conscience of a lie, do yet take
some bog at an oath, SANDERSON (t 1663) Wks. II. 230
(DAY.).]
BOGGLE, u2 Cor. [bo'gl.]. To lie.
Cor. THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) Gl.
BOGGLE, sb. Yks. Lin. [bcvgl.] The mucous
hardenings in the nostrils. Cf. boggart.
n.Yks.2, n.Lin.1
BOGGLE, see Bogle.
BOGGLER, sb. Der. A night-line for fish.
Der.2, nw.Der.1
BOGGY-BO, sb. Yks. Chs. Also written boggy-boy
w.Yks. A ghost, a hobgoblin ; a scarecrow. Cf. boggle-
bo, s.v. Bogle, 5.
w.Yks. Oh boggy boy, don't tak me, Ah'm t'parson o' Wrose
(S.K.C.\ Chs.123
BOGHEDY, adj. and adv. Irel. Crooked, misformed.
s.Wxf. I don't like the way she knocked poor boghedy Kyra
Koun about, Fenian Nights (Apr. 14, 1894} 471 ; An" used to go
as boghedy as a night bee, ib. (Mar. n, 1893) 393.
[Cp. Ir. boghaighthe, bent, crooked (O'REILLY).]
BOGIE, sb.1 In gen. use. Also written bogy Brks.1
w.Som.1; bogey w.Yks.2 Stf.2 Not.1; boogie Shr.1 [bo'gi,
boa-gi.] An object of terror, any supernatural appearance.
n.Yks.2, w.Yks.2 Stf.2 Nai dzoni, stop jor blartin ?Us minit ar
bougi al av ja, az sauar az jar born. Not.1, n.Lin.1 War.2 When
preceded by ' old ' the devil is intended. Shr.1, Hrf.12 Brks.1 If
'e dwo-ant ke-up still an' go to sle-up Bogy 'ooll come. Hnt.
(T.P.F.) w.Sora.1 Bogle and Boggle quite unknown. Th' 'oss
jump'd a one zide, . . . jist the very same's 'off he'd a-zeed a bogy.
Fear'd o' the dark ! hot b'ee feard o' ? D'ee think you'll zee a
bogy ? Slang. Old age is my chiefest bogy, GILBERT Bab Ballads
(1869; 42.
BOGIE, sb? Yks. Brks.
1. An absurdly-dressed person, a caricature.
n.Yks.2 What a bogie !
2. A child's name for the reflection of sunlight upon
water thrown upon the walls of a room. Brks.1
BOGIE, sb.3 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Lan. Chs. Der.
Written boagie N.I.1 [bo'gi.] A small, low truck on
wheels ; a trolly.
Sc. N. & Q. (1869) 4th S. iv. 570. N.I.1, N.Cy.1 Nhb. Monthly
Chron. (1887) 140; Nhb.1 The word is applied to any low truck
lor the carriage of casks or other merchandise ; to the small truck
of the platelayer so familiar on our railways; and to the flat
board, with four small wheels, used by boys in play for running
down a hill. ' In Dean Street, when carts or when bogies came
down, The noise made one's heart glad, one's lugs fit to stoun,'
GILCHRIST Sng. of Improvements ( 1835). 'A kind o' hearse on bogie
wheels,' WILSON Captains and Quayside (1840). e.Dnr.' Cum.
T'policemen whuppt it on lull a bwogie they'd browt wih them,
SARGISSON Joe Scoap (1881) 226. Lan.1, n.Lan.1 Chs.1 Running
on two low wheels, to enable workmen, without the aid of a horse,
to move large stones or other heavy materials from one place to
another ; Chs.3, nw.Der.1 [Waggons used for conveying metal and
slag from blast-furnaces, Gl. Lab. (1894).]
BOGLE, sb. and v. Sc. Irel. All n. counties to Chs.
Also Lin. Nhp. Som. Also written boggle N.I.1 N.Cy.1
Nhb.1 Dur.1 Cum. Wm.1 n.Yks.123 e.Yks.1 m.Yks.1 Lm.
[bo-gl, bo-gl.]
1. sb. An apparition ; a ghost, hobgoblin, spectre ; any
object of terror, a bugbear.
Sc. I am feared to gae in the dark for the bogle, SCOTT Bride of
Lam. (1819) vii ; I am but a child frighted with bogles, STEVENSON
Catriona (1893) vii ; When witches ride the air and a' the bogles
are about, ROY Horseman's Wd. (1895) i. Per. Was I fear'd that
the bogles would steer me ? NICOLL Poems (1837) 129, ed. 1843.
Rnf. Wha hae never seen a bogle Maun hae lived a canny life,
NEILSON Poems (1877) 37. Ayr. Lest bogles catch him unawares,
BURNS Tarn o' Shanter (1790) 1. 86 ; Gaist nor bogle shalt thou
fear, ib. Hark the mavis. e.Lth. Goupin at Simpson as if he was
a bogle, HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) 27. Bwk. The bogle in the
Billy-myre, Wha kills our bairns a', HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856)
a. Gall. An' in that way I wad get the better o' the bogles,
CROCKETT Moss-Hags (1895) xxiii. N.I.1 n.Cy. GROSE (1790);
Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.) Nhb.1 The boggle is always a personality,
having a proper name, and haunting a certain spot. Dur.1 Cum.
A boggle's been seen wi' twee heads, ANDERSON Ballads ( 1808) 8 ;
A girt white boggle without head or neck, DICKINSON Cumbr.
(1875) 233. Wm. Defi'd the deevil and his imps, And o' the boggle
tribe, WHITEHEAD Leg. (1859) ra ; Aa saw theer t'bogle— thee
knaws, t'bogle o' Bleacliff Tarn, WARD R. Elsmere (1888) bk. i. x;
Wm.1 Yks. (K.) ; The bogle, in the form of a grey cat, flew past
him, HENDERSON Flk-Lore (1879) vii. e.Yks. Hez thoo iwer seen
a boggle ? WRAY Nestleton (1876) aio ; Aye, what a do we had
oot o' Billy Swaby an his malak wi' Bonnick boggle, NICHOLSON
Flk-Sp. (1889) 32. Lan. Else we shall see bogles, ROBY Trad.
(1872) II. 358. Chs. Fleered wi' a bogle in Shotwick lone, BANKS
Prov. House (1865) 140, ed. 1883; Chs.1 Lin. Theer wur a boggle
in it, I often 'eerd 'um mysen, TENNYSON N. Farmer, Old Style
(1864) st. 8 ; You felt scared for dread of boggles, PEACOCK
R. Skirlaugh (1870) I. 49. n.Lin.1 What's 'ta scared on, bairn ? duz
'ta think as a boggle 'all get 'ta ? Nhp.1 Som. The t'other was
laafen like a bogle, LEITH Lemon Verbena (1895) r54-
Hence (i) Boglie, haunted ; (a) Boglesome, shy,
skittish.
(i) Sc. Up the Warlock glen, down the boglie Causie, An thro'
BOGLE
[328]
BOIL
a' the warld I'd follow my lassie, CROMEK Remains (1810 94
(JAM.); It's an unco bogilly bit, SCOTT Blk. Dwarf (1816) ii ; To
be alane in a boggly glen on a sweet summer's night. Blackw. Mag.
(Aug. 1820) 515. .Yks.2 (2) Nhb. A skittish horse is said to be
boglesome, N. (f Q. (1855) ist S. xi. 440.
2. A scarecrow.
Sc. Turn yersel into a tattle bogle an' they'll never see ye,
DICKINSON Kirk Beadle (1892) 57 ; And you standing there like
a straw bogle, STEVENSON Catriona (1892) xii. Ayr. A knock-
kneed potato bogle o' a dominie, GALT Lairds (1826) xix. Lnk.
Gie it to your granny for a tatie bogle, FRASER Whaups (1895) vii.
3. A game of hide- and-seek played by village boys and
girls ; known also as Bogle-about (the) stacks or bush.
Sc. I circumvented them — I played at bogle about the bush wi'
them — I cajoled them, SCOTT Wamrley (1814) Ixxi. Slk. 'Bout
stacks wi' the lasses at bogle to play, ELLIOT Flowers Forest (1755).
Gall. I play at bogle wi' the lasses, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) xlv.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 ' Playing at boggle ' is to startle by sudden and
unexpected appearance as in this game round the stacks in a
' stagarth' [stack-garth]. Dnr.1, ne.Yks.1
4. A supper-cake eaten on Bogle-day, March 29.
Sh.I. MANSON Aim. (1893).
5. Comp. (i) Boggle-beast, a formidable beast ; (2) -beck,
a haunted stream ; (3) -bee, a nursery bugbear ; (4)
-blundered, lost in the dark ; (5) -bo, a hobgoblin ; (6)
•boggart, an elf or fairy ; (7) -bush, a child's game of
hide-and-seek ; (8) -chased, pursued by phantoms ; (9)
•dafted, see -blundered; (10) -day, March 29; (n) -fits,
vague fears, nervous depression ; (12) -flayed, afraid of
ghosts; (13) -gloor, the glare of the 'barguest,' or 'saucer-
eyed ' being ; (14) -hole, the den of the hobgoblin ; (15)
•howl, the yell of the 'barguest' ; (16) -hunter, one who
harasses himself with imaginary difficulties ; (17) -pressed,
oppressed by nightmare, hag-ridden ; (18) -rad, afraid of
ghosts ; (19) -room, a haunted room ; (20) -stone, a
haunted stone ; (21) -trail'd, led astray as by a will-o'-the-
wisp.
(i, a) n.Yks.2 (3) Nhb., Dur. BRAND Pop. Antiq. (1777) 116.
(4) n.Yks.2 (5) Lth. An' the gruesome tale o' bogle-bo, SMITH
Merry Bridal (1866) 74. Edb. Or has some boglebo gien ye a (leg,
RAMSAY Sandy (1721). N.Cy.1 My mammy said if I wad na gan,
She would fetch the boggle-bo, Sng. n.Yks.2, e.Yks.1 Lin.
Terriculamentum, vox agri Lin. propria, a sono nutricum infantes
territantium, SKINNER (1671). (6) Yks. WHITE Month in Yks.
(1888) xiv. (7, 8, 9) n.Yks.2 (10) Sh.I. In most districts delving
begins, MANSON Aim. (1893) ; (K.I.1 (11-17) n.Yks.2 (18) Rxb.
(JAM.) (19) n.Yks.2 (20) Wm. By haunted cairns and bogle
steaynes, WHITEHEAD Leg. (1859) n. (21) n.Yks.2
6. v. To bewitch, enchant, ' bamboozle.'
Sc. To bogle us ... into that degree of compliance with the
council-curates, MCWARD Content/ings (1723") 69 (JAM.).
[1. Leaue boggles, brownies, gyr-carlings and gaists,
MONTGOMERIE Ffyting (c. 1600) 661, ed. Cranstoun, 82;
The luf-blenkis of that bogill, DUNBAR The Tua Mariit
(c. 1505) in, ed. Small, II. 33. 5. (5) Boggleboe, a bug-
bear to fright children, a scarecrow, BAILEY (1755) ; Boggle-
boe, manducus, terriculamentum, COLES (1679).]
BOGLE, see Bodle.
BOGUISH, adj. Gall. [bo'gij.] Of land: soft,
spongy.
Sc. Mossy boguish ground, Life of Peden (1725); (S.R.C.);
Looked across some mossy boguish ground to a range of rugged
heathery mountains, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) iii.
BOH, see Bo.
BORDER, see Boulder.
BOHEREEN, see Boreen.
BOH-GHOSTS, see Barghest.
BOHOG, sb. N.I.1 A rude shed, under which the
priests said mass during times of persecution.
[Ir. bothog, a hut, a little tent, der. of both, a hut]
BOHOLAWN, sb. Irel. The rag-weed, Senecio
Jacoboea.
Ir. And he about the heighth of a sizeable boholawn, BARLOW
Lismnnel (1895) x.
[Ir. and Gael, buadhghallan, ragwort (MACBAIN).!
BOICH, v. and sb. Ink. QAM.)
1. v. To cough with difficulty. Hence (i) Boicher, sb.
one who coughs with difficulty ; (2) Boichin, vbl. sb. a
continuation of coughing with difficulty.
2. sb. A short, difficult cough. Cf. baichie, bechle.
BOIKE, sb. Pem. [boik.] A small burden of furze.
s.Pem. Go an' fetch a boike of furze to choffe (W.M.M.).
[Wei. batch, a burden ; cp. Bret, beach (Du RUSQUEC).]
BOIKIN, sb.1 Sc. [boi'kin.] A bodkin.
Sc. (JAM.) Bnff. (W.G.)
[Boydekyn, subucula, perforatorium , Prompt. The word
occurs in Chaucer in the sense of a short, pointed weapon.
With panade, or with knyf, or boydekin, C. T. A. 3960.]
BOIKIN, sb." Sc. (JAM.) [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] The piece of beef called the brisket.
BOIL, sb. Sc. Irel. Yks. Lan. Lin. Also Cor. Written
beuheyle Cor.2 ; bile Wxf. n.Lin.1
1. The state or condition of boiling ; the boiling point.
Sc. Bring your copper by degrees to a boil, MAXWELL Set. Trans.
(1743) 372 (JAM.). N.I.1 The pot's comin" to the boil. w.Yks.1
n.Lin.' Put it upo' fire an' gie it a boil.
2. In phr. (i) at the boil, nearly boiling; (2) on the boil,
fig. on the loose ; (3) all in a boil, to be hurried or
excited.
(i) Sc. (JAM.) N.I.1 It'sjust attheboil. (2) w.Yks. In common
use in Huddersfield (S.W.). Lan. I geet it ... from an owd man
as wor on th' boil, WESTALL Birch Dene (1889) II. 6. (3*1 Cor.3
3. Comp. Boil-house, an outhouse for boiling potatoes or
clothes. n.Yks. (I.W.)
4. A continual course or stratum of alluvial rich ore.
Cor. A regular boil of ore (M.A.C.) ; Cor.2 MS. add. ; Cor.3
5. A collection, a heap of money.
s.Wxf. He left a big bile after him (P.J.M.).
BOIL, v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Written
beil- s.Chs.1 ; bile Brks.1 ; bwile Nhp.1 Shr.1 Oxf.1
1. In phr. (i) to boil out, to waste in boiling; (2) —over,
fig. to make a scandal; (3) — upon, to boil with; (4) — the
dinner, (5) — the pot, to cook, prepare the dinner ; (6) gar
the pot boil, to have sufficient food ; (7) keep the pot boiling,
(a) to keep alive, to live ; (b) to keep a game going ; in
gen. use ; (8) to want a boiled halfpenny, said of a person
thought to be weak or silly; (9) boiled milk, bread and
milk ; porridge made of oatmeal and milk ; (10) boiled
treacle, toffy made of boiled treacle ; ( 1 1 ) boiling-peas, peas
for culinary purposes ; (12) boiling upon the fresh, (13)
boiling on the leach, old salt-making terms.
(i i se.Wor.1 (a) n.Lin.1 ' If I'm not sorely mista'en th' pot'll
boil oher afoore long,' said when a quarrel or a scandal is antici-
pated. (3) N.I.1 Take some of that herb boiled upon sweet milk.
(4) s.Lns. It's time to bile the dinner (P.J.M.). (5) Nhp.1 Brks.1 If
I dwoant ketch a rabbut to-night I shan't hev nothin' to bile the pot
to-morrer. Oxf.1 Bist a gwain to bwile th' pot to-day ? (6) Abd.
Then ye'll gar the pottie boil, I will engage, OGG Willie Waly
(1873) 172. (7, «) Shr.1 Behappen they'n find it easier to get
married than to keep the pot bwilin. (4) Gall. (A.W.) (8) s.Chs.1
Yu ky'ai'ki sof'ti, yoa- waan'tn fl beyld ai-pni [Y6 caky softy, yo
wanten a beiled ha'penny]. (9) N.I.1 Yks. You'll want some-
thing soft for breakfast; will you like porridge or boiled-milk?
(F.P.T.) i^io) w.Yks. Doant yo goa an' rive ma ta pieces, ta lap
boil'd trackle in, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Thowts (1845) 4. (n) Ken.
P1' boiling peas to the poor house, half a bushel, as. 6d., Pluckley
Overseers' Ace. (P.M.) (12) Chs.1 They continue their fire as much
as they can, till halfe the brine be wasted, and this they call boy-
ling upon the fresh, Philos. Trans. (1659) 1064. (13) ib. They
boyle fast here (which they callboyling on the leach, because they
usually all this time lade in their leach-brine), ib.
2. To well up, gush out.
s.Not. When we'd sunk the well about twenty feet the waiter
begun to boil up (J.P.K.).
Hence (i) Boiling, prp. full of, teeming with ; (2)
Boiling-spring, sb. a spring which gushes out of the
ground and overflows.
(i) Cor. This blanket is boiling with fleas (M.A.C.) ; Cor.3
(2) n.Lin.1 Ye sea Moor- Well's a boilin' spring, so it niver faails.
3. To drink oneself stupid, to fuddle.
Lan. You'd happen like to boil me too ? — Nay, there'd be no use
i' that. You boil yersel', Dick, WESTALL Birch Dene (1889) II. 164.
4. To render flabby.
s.Not Vegetables are said to be boiled, after a severe frost
(J.P.K.).
BOILEN
ng of cabbage,
BOILEN, v. e.Yks.1 pp. of to boil.
BOILER, sb* Sc. Yks. Nrf. Suf.
1. A large kettle.
Abd. Very common (G.W.). Fif. A bright fire of peat and coal
. . . burned beneath a big kettle (' boiler,' they called it), BAKRIE
Ltdit(i68B) ii.
2. A tin pan, a vessel of iron, tin, or copper, with a lid
and handle ; a saucepan.
n. & e.Yks. In Holderness a ' boiler' is always a two-handled pan,
but in m.Yks. the word is used of one or two-handled pans(R.S.).
w.Yks. w.Yks. Mag. (,1871) I. 30; (B.K.) Nrf. COZENS-HARDY
Broad Nrf. (1893) 22; (H.C.H.) Suf. (F.H.)
BOILER, sb* n.Cy. Chs. A salt-making term : the
man who makes stoved and butter-salt. Chs.1
Hence Boilary, sb. a place where salt is boiled.
n.Cy. HOLLOWAY.
BOILING, sb. In gen. dial, and colloq. use in Irel. and
Eng.
1. A quantity sufficient for boiling at one time.
Dur.1 A boilin o' taties. Nhp.1 War.2 A boiling <
clothes, &c. Sus., Hmp. HOLLOWAY.
2. Fig. A ' batch,' the whole party, quantity, gen. used
with whole.
Wxf. A whole bilin of novel-reading girls, KENNEDY Evenings
Duffrey (1869^ 159. s.Wxf. They kem to a wooden hut, an' in with
the whole bunch an' bilin of them, Wkly. Independent (Dec. 23, 1895 .
Cum.1 Wm.1 I keearn't a fardin fir t'heeal boilin. w.Yks.1 Lan.
If I don't be a match for the whole bilin', BRIERLEY Cotters, vii.
ne.Lan.1, Not.1, Lei.1 Nhp.1 The whole boiling of 'em are bad.
War.2 Frank's the best of the boiling ; War.3 I've sold the turkeys,
the whole boiling of 'em. Lon. The whole boiling got up at Bow,
The People (June 16, 1889; 4. Ess. He'd sich a family, he coon't
Ha' brote up the whole failing, CLARK/. Noakes (1839) 6; Gl. (1851 \
Sus., Hmp. HOLLOWAY. I.W.2A11 the hoolbwilenon us veil out in
the middle o' the road, 120. Dor. I'd hike out the whole bwoilen
o'm', BARNES Gl. (1863). w.Som.1 Bee'ul-z u waeth' dhu woa'l
bwuuyleen oa-m — puut urn een u bai'g-n shee'uk um au'l aup
tugadh -ur [Bill is worth all the rest, (if you) put them in a bag and
shake them all up together]. Dev. He turn'd th' whole bwoiling-
o'-'m out o' houze, PULMAN Sketches (1842) 82, ed. 1871. Cor.1
The whole boiling of 'em were there ; Cor.2
BOILTA, sb. S. & Ork.1 Short, stunted barley.
BOILY, sb. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lin. [boili.]
1. Food prepared for infants, boiled milk and flour or
milk and bread.
Nhb.1 He the brats of their boiley will bilk, Sng. Tweedside.
Cum. It's time thoo sud be gittan his boilies riddy vE.W.P. ). n. Yks.12
e.Yks. (R.S.) ; e.Yks.1, w.Yks.s, n.Lin.1
2. Fig. A country bumpkin.
e.Yks. NICHOLSON Flit-Lore (ed. 1890) 97.
BOINE, sb. Obs. Ess. A swelling caused by a blow.
Ess. GROSE(i79o) MS. add. (P.) ; (K.) ; RAY (1691); Gl. (1851) ;
Ess.1
[OF. buyne (now bigne), a swelling on the head caused
by a blow (HATZFELD).]
BOINE, see Boyne.
BOISE, see Boose.
BOISERT, sb. Slk,. (JAM.)
spondents.] A louse.
BOISON, see Bauson.
BOIST, sb.1 and v. Ken.
baist, beist Ken.1 ; bist Sus.
Sus.1 [boist, beist, bist.;.
1. sb. A temporary or makeshift bed ; a rough bed made
by hop-driers during the hopping season.
Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.12, Sur.1, Sus.1
2. A settle, sofa.
Ken.1 Sns. In front you may often see the settle or bist, as it
used to be called, HEATH Eng. Peas. (1893) 187.
3. The framework of a bed with webbing. Ken.1
4. v. To lie down in the daytime.
Sus.1 I was quite took to [ashamed] to think you should have
come in the other day and found me bysted.
[The same as ME. boiste, a box. Boyste, or box., fix,
alabaslrum, Prompt. OFr. boiste (mod. boite).]
BOIST, s6.2 and adj. e.An. Cor. [boist.]
1. sb. A swelling. e.An.1, Nrf.1
VOL. I.
[329]
BOKE
[Not known to our corre-
Sur. Sus. Also in forms
byst Ken.1; byste Sur.1
2. Corpulence. Cor.1 Cf. bustious.
3. adj. Fat, corpulent. Cor.2
BOISTEROUS, adj. Suf. Extravagant, lavish.
Suf. You don't want to be [have no need to be] too boisterous
with that gravel (C.G.B.) ; In everyday use (F.H.).
BOISTINS, see Beestings.
BOIT, sb.1 Sc. [boit.] A cask or tub used in curing
butcher's meat or for holding it after it is cured.
Sc. (JAM.), Ayr. J.F.), Rxb. (W.G.)
BOIT, sb.3 and v. Som. Dev. Also written bait
w.Som.1 [bpit.]
1. sb. A bait, a lure ; a meal or refreshment.
Som. They use th" zilver hook ver boit, PULMAN Sketches (1842)
8, ed. 1853. w.Som.1 nw.Dev. I had a boit o' bread an' cheese
(R.P.C.).
2. A business, job.
w.Som.1 Aay-v u-gut u puurdee bauyt yuur, aa'n ees ? [I have a
pretty job here, have I not ?] Nif that there idn a darn'd piirty boit
vor anybody to start way a Monday mornin.
3. v. To bait.
w.Som.1 Ez hook now 'e've boiled, an' at et he goos, PULMAN
Sketches (1842) 7. n.Dev. I on'ny slapped vor boit my 'osses
(R.P.C.).
[1. OCorn. buit, ' cibus, esca ' ; OBret. boet, see STOKES
(in Pick4) 165; cp. Wei. bwyd, food (DA VIES) ; Bret.
boued, ' nourriture ' (Du RUSQUEC). Hence OFr. boitte,
bait, boete (mod. bouette), see HATZFELD.]
BOITLE, sb. Obs. Dor. A blockhead. Usually in
comp. Boitle-head. Cf. beetle-head.
Dor. N. & Q. , 1883) 6th S. vii. 366 ; (C.V.G.)
BOIZON, see Bisson.
BOKANKI, sb. Dur.
1. A term applied by boys to any one guilty of a mean
or cowardly action.
Dur. ' Run away, Doctor Bokanki ! ' This saying arose from the
circumstance of Dr. Walter Balcanqual, Dean of Durham, in the
time of the Civil Wars, fleeing away from the city with extreme
precipitation, after the battle of Newburn, for fear of the Scots,
BROCKIE Leg. Dur. (1886) 237 ; SURTEES Hist. Dur. I. Pref. 96, in
Denham Tracts (ed. 1892) I. 41.
2. Phr. to vanish in a bokanki, to take precipitate flight,
after the manner of Dr. Balcanqual. ib. (R.O.H.)
BOKE, v.1 Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Shr. [bok, boak.]
1. To thrust at, as with a rail or stake.
e.Lan.1, Chs.3 Stf.2 Isr dzust aud Sis kart saft i Si and, an if
bul cumz aniar fti, bouk it at im. Shr.1 'E pooled a stake out o"
the 'edge an' boked at 'im. To boke is a heavier action than to
poke. A man bokes with a rail or other thick piece of wood, and
pokes with a light stick.
2. To point, esp. to point the finger in derision.
w.Yks.2 Lan. If he wer to boke his gun at it, WAUGH Oiud
Cronies (1875) 260 ; (S.W.) ; Lan.1 I went quietly up to him, an'
boked my finger at his oppen e'e, WAUGH Chimn. Corner (1874).
Chs. When she wanted anything she just boked her finger at the
chimney-piece (E.M.G.) ; RAY (1691) ; Chs.1 s.Chs.1 Ee boa'kt
iz fingg-ur aat' mi [He boked his finger at me]. Stf.1, Der.2,
nw.Der.1
3. To offer.
Chs. I boked it at you once or twice, but you did not notice it
(E.M.G.).
4. To grope in the dark without a light; to stare in
a half-blind way. Also of a horse : to shy. Cf. balk.
s.Chs.1 Shr.1 'E went alung the rooad bokin an' startin' at every-
Ihink.
6. To bend.
Lan. Say lhank yo', an' boke down they yed thus, LAHEE
Acquitted (1883) x.
[1. On the reverse [of the coin] a bull boaking with his
homes, HOLLAND Camden (1637) 99 (DAV.). 2. To boke,
to point at, BAILEY (1770).]
BOKE, v? and sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Chs. Der. Not. Lin. Pem. e.An. Ken. Sus. Also in
forms balk Yks. Not.2 Pem. ; bauk, baulk Yks. ; boac
Chs.2 3 ; boak Ir. Yks. n.Lin.1 ; bock Sc. ; bolk n.Yks.1 ;
booak n.Yks.2 e.Yks.1 ; bouch Der.2 nw.Der.1 ; bouk
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 ne.Lan.1; bowk N.Cy.1 Nhb. Cum." Der.2
[bok, boak, bak. |
' u u
BOKE
[33°]
BOLDEN
1. v. To retch, vomit ; to belch, eructate. Also Jig.
to sicken.
Arg. His Grace would curse because it made him bock his br
fast, MUNRO Lost Pibroch (1896) 232. Abd. Some were buokin
ahint the door, BEATTIES Parings (1801 ) 23, ed. 1873 ; Ance thae
blades are yoket, And a' their venom fairly boket, SHIRREFS Poems
(1790) 346. Ayr. Thro' the mining outlet bocked Down headlong
hurl, BURNS Winter Night (1785) St. 2. Lth. Auld Hornie groan'd,
an' pech'd, an' boakit, SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 99. Slk. They
would bock the best byuck that ever was bun', CHR. NORTH Nodes
(ed. 1856) III. 80. Rxb. The tiger, like to boke, RIDDELL Poet.
IVks. (1871) I. 230. N.I.1, Uls. (M.B.-S.) Ant. Ballymena Obs.
(1892) ; (J.S.) Ant., Own. C.H.W.) s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890).
N.Cy.12 Nhb. He went bowking about, but the beef still remained,
MARSHALL Sngs. (1829) 13; Ne mair we'll bouk wor boily now,
But suen be safe at Lunnin, GILCHRIST Sngs. (1824) 10 ; Nhb.1
Ov aa things aa like a geuse to eat, 'cas it bouks up se fine. Cum.3
He seeken't at meat, nay he'd bowk at a speiin, 161. n.Wm. Ah
cud ha bockt mi heart up at yon medsin (B.K.). n.Yks. Ah fair
bauk'd at it (T.S.); n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. Ah ommast balkt
mi heart up, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) ; MARSHALL Rur. Econ.
(1788) ; e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Soa nivver booak at t' nastiest pill, Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 14, 1891;; w.Yks.12, Chs.«, Der.2, nw.Der.1
Not.2 You make me balk. Lin. Vox agro Lin. familiaris, SKINNER
(1671); (K.) n.Lin. SUTTON Wds. (1881); n-Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 I was
that sick and badly, I had to boke. s.Pem. A was bawkin' tre-
mendews (W.M.M.) ; LAWS Little Eng. ^1888) 419. e-An.1, Nrf.1,
Ken. (K.), Sus.1
Hence (i) Boking, vbl. sb. (a) the act or effort of
vomiting ; (b) an ejection from the stomach into the
mouth ; the vomit ; (a) Bouking-full, adj. full to reple-
tion ; (3) Boaky, adj. inclined to vomit or nauseate.
(i, a) Sc. Even between the bockings of the sea-sickness, she
was aye speaking, Steam- Boat (1822) 76 (JAM.). Ayr. If the bock-
ing the soul out o' the body be only pleasure, GALT Sir A. Wylie
i 1822) xiii. n.Yks.2, Der.2, nw.Der.1 (b) Nhb. Then bowkins o'
boiley went fleein' aboot, ROBSON Coll. Tyneside Sngs. (1873) 330.
(2) Nhb. The term is seldom heard and is then only used in the
coarsest speech (R.O.H., ; Nhb.1 (3) n.Yks. (I.W.)'
2. To cough violently.
Wm. (.B.K.) e.Yks. Very common (R.S.). w.Yks. (C.W.H.)
Hence Baulking, vbl. sb. a twitching in the throat when
talking.
w.Yks. Yks. Wkly. Post (Nov. 7, 1896).
3. sb. An eructation, a belch; a drink or 'booze' to
the extent of vomiting.
Sc. When he return'd he got it oo'r Without a host, a bock, or
glour, CLELAND Poems (1697) 105 (JAM.). Fif. It wad a Nazarite
provokit To break his vow and tak' a bok o't, TENNANT Papistry
(1827) 100. ne.Lan.1 s.Pem. I've got the sowar bokes miserable
bad (W.M.M.).
[These forms repr. two cognate Germ, types. The
forms bouk, bowk, bolk, repr. ME. bolken, bulken, ' eructare ' ;
cp. MLG. bolken, 'mugire' (SCHILLER-LUBBEN). The
forms balk, bauk, point to OE. bealcan, 'eructare' icp.
freq. bealcettan).]
BOKE, see Balk, Bouk.
BOKEN, v. Wm. Yks. Also in forms boaken w.Yks.1 ;
bocken Yks. ; booaken Wm.1 n.Yks. [bS'kan, boa-krj.j
To retch, to strain in sickness ; to vomit.
Win.1 A booak'nd au neet but gat nowt oop. Yks. Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (Dec. 27, 1890). n.Yks. A du feel seek [sick] as tho a sud
omost booken mi hart [heart] up (W.H.). ne.Yks.1 Sha booaken'd
hard. m.Yks.1 w.Yks. WATSON Hist. Hlfx. (1775) 534 ; Ah can
eyt and drink as weel as ivver Ah cud i' my life, bud when Ah
think abaht wark, my heart fair boakens at it (M.F.) ; (S.K.C.);
Hence Boakening, vbl. sb. retching ; a motion of the
body, indicating that a child is going to vomit.
n.Yks. (W.H.) w.Yks. Leeds Men. Suppl. (Nov. 8, 1884).
[ME. bolknen, ' eructare,' see Ps. (c. 1290) cxliii. 13, ed.
Surtees Soc. (MATZNER).]
BOKEY, adj. e.An.12 Also in form boaky e.An.2
Proud, conceited, saucy.
BOKIE-BLINDIE, sb. Sh. & Or. I. The game of
Blindman's buff, ' Blind-buck.'
Sh.I. (K.I.) Sh. & Or.I. (JAM. Suppl.) ; S. & Ork.1
[Cp. Norw. dial, blindebukk, blindman's buff (AASEN) ;
Dan. blindebuk.}
BOKY, adj. Nhb.1 Soft.
BOLCH, v.\ sb. and adv. Yks. Der. Not. Lei. Nhp.
War. Wor. Bdf. Hnt. Also in forms balch Nhp.1; baltch
Der.2 nw.Der.1; baulch War.2; bolsh e.Yks.1 Lei.1
[bo-ltj, bolf.]
1. v. To fall heavily ; to throw down with violence, cut
down.
e.Yks.1, Der.2, nw.Der.1 s.Not. Ah wor mekkin' a watcr-
cestern, an' it bolsht in on me fJ.P.K.). Lei.1, Nhp.1, War.
ij R W ) Bdf When I've bolcfied the thistles, then the cattle
eat them (J.W.B.). Hnt. (T.P.F.)
2. To plunge growing plants in pots into a bed of mould.
Nhp.1 You had better balch those pots of geraniums.
3. sb. A heavy fall ; the sound caused by a heavy fall.
e.Yks.1, Lei.1 ne.Wor. I put me foot in a hole an' come down
such a bolch (J.W.P.). Bdf. What a bolch he came down (J.W.B.).
4. adv. Heavily, suddenly.
Lei.1 A went bolsh i' the cut. Nhp.1 He came down full balch.
War.2 To fall ' baulch ' is to come down on to the buttocks or
stomach. 'The pony shied, an' I come down baulch.'
BOLCH, v.x Yks. [bolt/.] To poach eggs.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 14, 1891).
Hence Bolched, pp. poached.
w.Yks. To ask whether you would have your eggs bolch'd, is to
inquire whether you would have them broken before they are
boiled, WATSON Hist. Hlfx. (1775) 535 ; w.Yks.*
BOLCHIN, see Balchin.
BOLD, v. Sc. In phr. to bauld the glead, to kindle or
blow up the fire.
Rxb. When I ... Shall scarce impart what wind, I fear, Might
bauld a glead for H y, A. SCOTT Poems (1808) 145 (JAM.).
[He tase the knyghte bi the swire, Keste hym reghte
in the fyre The brandes to balde, Sir Perceval (c. 1400)
792, in Thornton Rom. (1844) 31. The same as OE. beal-
dian, to show oneself bold.]
BOLD, adj. and adv. Sc. Irel. Yks. Lin. Nhp. Suf.
Amer.
1. In phr. bold as brass, impudent, daring. In gen. colloq.
use.
Gall. Upstanding as bold as brass on the edge of the cliff,
CROCKETT Raiders ',18941 v. w.Yks. Noa, Dick said, as bold as
brass, HARTLEY Tales, and S. 145 ; A common expression for an
impudent person is ' He's as bold as brass ' (J.T.). Suf. ,F.H.)
2. Of children : naughty, fractious, ill-behaved.
Ir. vG.M.H.) ; A naughty, fractious child, however timid, shy,
and devoid of spirit, is called ' a bold child,' N. & Q. (1883) 6th S.
viii. 67. [They rebuked him if he was bold, as he often was,
THACKEUAY Newcomes, 17.]
3. Of a fire : big, great.
Sc. In many parts of the country, the kiln men will not allow
their fire to be called a bold fire, Monthly Mag. (1800) I. 324.
Abd. Fesh twa-r-three peats to mak' the fire mair bauld, Guidman
Inglismaill (1873) 46.
4. Of wheat in the ear : large, fine, well-filled out. See
Boiled.
n-Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 The corn is so bold, I believe it'll yield well.
The corn's a bit bolder to-year. Nhp.1
5. Freely, plentifully.
[U.S., Ten. The spring don't flow so bold as it did, Dial. Notes
(!895) 37°-]
BOLDACIOUS, adj. Dev. Cor. Also written boulda-
cious Cor.1 ; bowlddacious Dev. Cor.2 Audacious, bold,
brazen, impudent.
Dev. He'm the most bowldacious pusson in Debbensheer,
PHILLPOTTS Dartmoor (1896) 315. Cor. Th' ould bird had got
ha'f-way round, . . . gettin'more boldacious an' ondacent wi' ivery
step, ' Q.' Troy Town (1888) xi ; A bowldacious wumman shouted
out ' Stop ! ' T. Towser (1873) 22 ; Cor.1 ; Cor.2 You bowldacious
hussy.
[Repr. a welding together of lit. E. bold and audacious,
(q.v.).]
BOLDEN, v. Sc. Yks. Also written bowden n.Yks.2
[botrdan.] To take courage, to put on a bold face ; to
embolden.
Sc. Magnus Reidman was rather boldened and kindled up with
greater ire, Pitscottie (1728) 26 (JAM.). n-Yks.1 He bowdened
oop te 't beeast, agin he'd bin a man ; n.Yks.2 Bowden tiv her,
man ! faint heart nivver wan fair lady. m.Yks.1
BOLDER
BOLL
[This sense is due to the old refl. use of bolden, to take
courage. I boldened myselfe, & offred a burntoffer-
ynge, COVERDALE (1535) i Sam. xiii. 12.]
BOLDER, sb.1 Cor. A very bold person.
w.Cor. I used to peep in through the door — I was a bolder in
those days (M.A.C.). Cor.3
[Bold (adj.) + -*r, the pers. suff. ; cp. southerner, out-
sider.}
BOLDER, sb? Cum. Yks. A loud, resonant noise or
report.
Cum. The bolder of a cannon, LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 297.
n.Yks.1
[Da. bulder, noise, crash ; cp. Norw. dial, balder, a loud
noise, baldra, to crack, to rattle (AASEN).]
BOLDER, see Boulder.
BOLDERING, see Buldering.
BOLDIE, sb. Sc. The chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs.
Abd. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 63.
BOLD MAKING, vbl. sb. Som. Dev. The acceptance
of an invitation to take refreshment ; taking a liberty ;
intrusion.
w.Som.1 Dhangk ee, neef tiid-n tu boa'l mak'een [thank you, if it
is not too bold making]. On going away after a repast, I have very
often heard : Dhangk ee vur muy boa'l mak-een [thank you for
my bold making]. Dev. Reports Provinc. (1881) 9.
BOLDRUMPTIOUS, adj. Ken. Presumptuous.
Ken. (P.M.); Ken.1 That there upstandin" boldrumptious
blousing gal of yours came blarin' down to our house.
[A welding together of bold (adj.) and rumpus (sb.), the
suff. being due to the -umptuous of presumptuous.]
BOLE, sb.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Also written boal Sc.
Ir. ; bowel- N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Dur.1
1. A small opening in the wall for the purpose of letting
in light and air.
Sc. Open the bole wi' speed, that I may see if this be the right
Lord Geraldin, SCOTT Antiquary (1816) xxxii. Frf. There is no
saying when the remains would have been lifted through the ' bole,'
or little window, BARRIE Licfit (1888) xi. Lnk. They found the
child sticking in a narrow slit or bole. HAMILTON Poems (,1865^
aoi. Lth. His weaving shop had. . . two smaller boles at the end
which were hinged like doors, STRATHESK More Bits (ed. 1885) 10.
2. Comp. Bole-hole, a small aperture in the wall of a barn
or stable for giving light.
Lnk. Jamie sees the light shining through the bole-hole, FRASER
Whaups (1895) viii. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Dur.1
3. A small press or cupboard in the wall, used for holding
small articles in constant use.
Sc. A drap o' cauld sowens sitting i' the blind bole, CHAMBERS
Pop. Rhymes (1870 27 ; He next went to a bole behind the gray
mare, seized a currycomb, OCHILTREE Redbum (1895) iii ; John
had some books ... in the window bole behind him, WHITEHEAD
Daft Davie (1876) 311, ed. 1894. Bnff. Tell me this instant,
where is your shirt ? — It's in the bole on the stair, SMILES Natur.
(1876) i. Frf. A little hole, known as the 'bole,' in the wall
opposite the fireplace contained Cree's library, BARRIE Licfit
(1888) vii. Ayr. There sat a bottle in a bole Beyont the ingle
lowe, BURNS Weary Fund. NJ.1 Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892).
s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890).
BOLE, sb.2 Yks. [b?l, boal.]
1. The ball or fleshy part of the hand or foot. See Ball.
e.Yks. Obsol. The palm of the hand is known as the bole of
the hand, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 54 ; In everyday use (R.S.).
2. The ball-shaped stomach of the crab, with its
surrounding claw-insertions in the midst of its covering
shell. n.Yks.2
[OE. holla, any round vessel ; cp. OFris. holla, used of
rounded parts of the body ; as, for instance, kne-bolla, the
bend of the knee ; strot-bolla, the throat-boll (RICHTHOFEN).
Cp. MHG. hirn-bolle, the brain-pan (LEXER).]
BOLE, sb.a Nhb. Wm. Yks. Der.
1. A place, usually a round cavity on the summit of a
hill, where lead was smelted before the introduction of
smelting mills.
Wm.1 The bole was filled with ore and wood, which was ignited
and blown by the wind. Der. MANLOVE Lead Mines (1653) Gl. ;
N. & Q. (1889) 7th S. viii. 153.
2. Comp. (i) Bole-hills, (2) -stids, heaps of metallic
scoria, which are the remains of the ancient method of
smelting lead in the open air.
(i) N.Cy.1, Nhb.1. w.Yks.2, nw.Der.' (2 Der. MANLOVE Lead
Mines (1653) Gl.
3. Obs. A limekiln.
Nhb. Limestone on the ground seven miles from bole (1724), in
DIXON Whitlingham Vale 1 1895) 146; Nhb.'
[Prob. a spec. mg. of lit. E. bowl ; see Bole, sb.']
BOLE, sb* and v. S. & Ork.1 1. sb. A dense cloud of
smoke. 2. v. To burst out, as a volume of smoke. Hence
Bolm,prp. sending forth much smoke.
BOLEY, v. Irel. To herd cows on a distant pasture
for a few weeks.
s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890). s.Ir. Not used now as an ordinary
Eng. word (P.W.J.).
[Cp. Ir. buailidh, a cow-house, dairy (O'REILLY).]
BOLGAN, sb. Sc. (JAM.)
1. A swelling that becomes a pimple. Rxb.
2. Comp. Bolgan-leaves, the nipple-wort, Lapsana
communis.
Sc. Supposed to be efficacious in removing swellings.
[Cp. ON. bolgna, to swell (FRITZNER) ; Da. bulne.]
BOLJOSS, sb. Stf. A clumsy failure in workmanship
or diplomacy ; a mull.
s.Stf. What a boljoss Joe made o' fixin that gate (T.P.).
BOLK, adj. Cor. Firm.
Cor.1 ; Cor.2 MS. add.
BOLK, see Boke.
BOLL, sb.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. I.Ma
Also in form boal Nhb.1 ; bole N.Cy.1 ; bou Nhb.1; bow
Sc. Nhb.1 [bou, bu.]
1. A dry measure of capacity, varying from two to six
bushels.
Sc. Four bows o' aitmeal, twa bows o' bear, SCOTT Old Mor-
tality (1816) xx ; I have threshed out about half a boll, WHITE-
HEAD Daft Davie ;i876) 341, ed. 1894. Frf. The quality of
nutritive matter derived from a crop of potatoes ... of about
25 bolls per acre, STEPHENS Farm Bk. (1849! I. 275. Per.
Nearly 6 imperial bushels, Farmer's Jrn. (Nov. 9, 1827). Ayr.
He has a purse o' gold as big as a boll o' potatoes, GALT Sir A.
Wylie (18221 Ixxxviii. Gall. He gets three an' twenty pound in
the year, ... a bow of meal, a bow o' pitatas, CROCKETT Stickit
Min. (1893) 274. Kcb. A score bow o' meal joost new hame
frae the miller, ARMSTRONG Ingleside (1890) 150. Ir. Four bushels,
Farmer's Jrn. (Nov. 9, 1827). N.Cy.12 Nhb. What is called a
boll of corn in Hexham Market contains four Winchester bushels,
the customary number in other places being only two, Denliam
Tracts (ed. 1892) I. 278 ; Nhb.1 At Alnwick, a boll of barley or
oats was six bushels; of wheat two bushels. At Hexham, a boll
of barley or of oats, five bushels ; of peas, rye, or wheat, four
bushels; at Newcastle, two bushels; at Wooler, six bushels;
there called the ' aad bow ' (or Scotch ball). ' The Coal Boll has
been raised upon a measure equal, probably, to that of corn.
When " barrows" were brought into use, the quantity conveyed
increased, and alongwith it the boll also increased," TAYLOR Arch.
Coal Tr. (1852). Nhb., Dur. The coal boll contains 9676-8 cubic
inches, or 34-899 imperial gallons, and = 2.2083 cwt., NICHOLSON
Coal Tr. Gl. (1888). Dur. A boll of salt (K.). Cum., Wm., Yks.,
I.Ma. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
2. Comp. (i) Boll-price, a price paid to 'screeners'
according to the amount of stones, &c., picked out from
the coal ; (2) -sackful, a large sackful.
(i) Nhb. ' Screeners ' may be paid either at a rate per day or at
a rate per boll, or measure, for the quantity of impurities picked
out. In the latter case they are said to be paid ' boll-price ' for
their wages (R.O.H.). Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
(a) Lth. Auld men that comes home frae India bring wi' them bow-
sackfu's o' siller, STRATHESK Blinkbonny ^ed. 1891) 130.
[1. Item pd. for ten boules of coles for the infected
people's use, 55., Gateshead Church Bks. (1646), in Nhb.1;
Hanniball . . . send thre bollis to Cartage, BARBOUR
Bruce (1375) HI. 211. Prob. the same word as lit. E. bowl
(OE. holla).}
BOLL, sb.2 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Lin. Lei. Also in form
bow Sc. (JAM.) ; bowle Nhb.1 The seed-vessel of flax.
Knr. It [a small shell-fish]is precisely of the appearance and size
of a lint-seed boll at a little distance, Statist. Act. VI. 166 (JAM.).
Ant. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Nhb.1 Obs. a-Un.1
U U 2
BOLL
[332]
BOLT
Hence Boiled, ppl. adj. Of corn or flax : ripe, in pod, in
Lin. Still used, STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes (1884) 317. nXin.1
Lei.1 The grains [of wheat] are so boiled they are ready to jump out
of the ear.
[A boll of flax, Lini culmus, COLES (1679) ; The holies
of flaxe . . . made drye with the son, to get out the sedes,
FITZHERBERT Htisb. (1534) 96 ; The flax was boiled,
BIBLE Ex. ix. 31. The same word as bowl (OE. holla).
Cp. MHG. bolle, a bud (LEXER).]
BOLL, sb.3 n.Cy. Lan. An object of fear, a goblin.
n.Cy. Den/iam Tracts fed. 1895 II. 78. Lan.'
BOLL, sb* Irel. A head of cattle.
Mea. The deputy sovereign grasses five heads of cattle (called
'bolls') for every two grazed by the portreeves and burgesses.
Athenaeum March 3, 1883^.
BOLL, v. Yks. To pour out. Gen. used with prep.
out.
Yks. (R.H.H.) e.Yks.1 Tak hod o' can an boll yal oot.
Hence Boiler-out, sb. one who pours out.
Yks. In the harvest and hay-field, ' t'boller-out drinks fust'
(R.H.H.).
[The same as lit. E. bowl (OE. holla).}
BOLL, adj. w.Yks.2 [bol.] Left-handed. Also called
Boll-pawed. See Ballock, adj.
BOLLARD, sb. Dor. Naut. [bo'lsd.] A wooden or
iron post on a ship, or quay, for securing ropes.
Dor. Standing by a bollard a little farther up the quay, HARDY
Trumpet-Major 1 1880" xxxiv; Tuesday's gale hev loosened the
pier ; the bollards be too weak to make fast to, ib. Ethelberta (1876)
II. xlv. Naut. SMYTH Sailor's Word-bk. (1867) 115.
[Bollard (with shipwrights), one of the large posts set
into the ground on each side of a dock, to which blocks
are fixed, for the convenience of getting the ship into it,
ASH (1795).]
BOLLAS, see Bullace.
BOLLING, sb. Obs. e.An. A pollard tree.
e-An.1 [Boiling trees is used in all countries for pollard trees,
whose heads and branches are cut off, and only the bodies left.
RAY (16911 s.v. Boll of a tree).]
BOLLINTON, see Bolliton.
BOLLITON, sb. Yks. Also written bollinton e.Yks.1
[bo'litan.] In phr. to give bolliton, to inflict punishment
or chastisement.
e.Yks. Still in use in the more northern parts of Holderness.
Bolliton is the local pronunciation of Bridlington R.S.) : e.Yks.1
BOLLOCK, see Ballock.
BOLSH, adj. and v. Yks. [bolj.]
1. In cotnp. Bolsh-bodied, stout.
w.Yks. Shoe's a bit bolsh-bodied (B.K.) ; G.B.W.
2. v. To kill by overfeeding.
w.Yks.3 Tha'll bolsh that if tha' doesn't mind.
BOLSHIN, see Balchin.
BOLSTER, sb.1 and v. Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs. Nhp. War.
Shr. Hmp. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written balster Hmp.1;
bowster Yks. Lan.1 Chs.1
1. sb. In cotnp. (i) Bolster-drawer, a pillow-case or slip;
(2) -head, a silly, soft-headed person ; (3) -pudding, a jam
' roly-poly ' pudding.
(i) Yks. Yks. N. & Q. (1888) II. 15. (2) Lan. Aw owt to o had
moor sence, than leov a bowster-yed loike yon it th' heawse,
WOOD Hum. Sketches, 16; He's sure to be punce't for't. oather bi
one bowster-yed or another, WAUGH Yeth-Bobs (1867 '] i ; Lan.1,
Chs.1 (31 War. 'J.R.W.). Hmp.1, Wtl.1, w.Cor. (M.A.O
2. The cross-piece or rail between the axle-tree and
body of a cart or wagon.
Nhp.1, w.Som.', nw.Dev.1, Cor.3
3. A carriage for timber ; a loose piece of wood in a
timber-carriage on which the end of the log rests.
Lan.1 w.Som.1 The use of the bolster is to permit the fore-
wheels to ' lock' without disturbing the burden fixed to it.
4. Cotnp. (i) Bolster-chain, a short, strong chain, one
end of which slides on a strong bar fixed to the ' futchels '
(q.v.) of a timber-carriage, and the other end is fastened
to the end of the tree to be carried ; (2) -piece, a support
at one end of a log, used by sawyers.
w.Som.1 The use of the bolster-chain is to hold up and keep
steady the front of the fore carriage, to which the shafts are hinged.
5. That part of a mill on which the axle-tree moves.
Sc. (JAM.) Abd. vW.M.)
6. A solid lump of steel or other metal, between the tang
and the blade of a knife.
w.Yks. We'd none a yer werligig polishin ; nor Tom Dockin
scales, wi t'bousters cumin off, BYWATER Sheffield Dial. (1839 14 ;
w.Yks.2 [In forged blades bolsters are formed from the solid iron
welded to the steel blade, Gl. /.«*. (1894).]
7. Cotnp. Bolster-stone, a stone used by grinders in
grinding the bolsters of knives. w.Yks.2
8. v. To prop up or support ; to heap together. Also
usedySg-. In gen. use.
Lin. The fences all on 'em bolster'd oop wi' the windle that
night, TENNYSON Owd Rod 1889 "I. Nhp.1 I've bolstered him up a
little while, but I think it will not be long before he fails. Shr.s
Bolster 'em up in a ruck anenst the wall.
9. To set up the fore-carriage in its proper position, when
loading a timber-carriage. w.Som.1
[3. Cp. Sw. dial, bolster, a beam used for supporting the
bed of a carriage ; also, a beam on which floor-boards
rest (RiETz).]
BOLSTER, sb.2 Obs. n.Lin.1 A bolt ? [Not known
to our correspondents.]
[For making ij lockes and bolsteres, Leverton Churchw.
Ace. (1503), in Archaeologia, XLI. 341.}
BOLT, sb.1 Yks. Dev. A kind of arrow. In phr. (i)
as straight as a bolt, very straight, upright ; (2) to shoot
one's bolt, to be exhausted ; (3) Bob makes bolts and Tom
shoots them, one makes excuses and the other applies
them; (4) a fool's bolt is soon shot, a foolish speech carries
no weight ; (5) this bolt never came out of your bag.
i) e.Yks. NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) ai. (a1, Dev. • IVe shot my
bolt too. neighbour ! ' says the defeated sportsman to his comrade
in distress, WHYTE MELVILLE Katerfelto \ 18751 xxiii. (3) n.Yks.2
e.Yks.1 MS. add. i T H.) (.4) n.Yks.2A feeal'sbolt is seean shotten.
[(K. ] (5 , w.Yks. Prov. in Brighotise News (July 23, 1887 ).
[(i) Cp. Chaucer: Long as a mast, and upright as a bolt,
C. T. A. 3264. (4) Sottes bolt is sone i-scohte (v.r. i-scoten),
Prov. Alfred (c. 1275) 421, in O. E. Misc., ed. Morris, 128.
OE. bolt, a crossbow arrow ; cp. MHG. bolz ; die glossen
verdeutschen catapulta durch bole, u. aus pulta ist bolz
durch umdeutschung entstanden (LEXER); see DIEFEN-
BACH Gloss. (1867).]
BOLT, sk2 Sc. Lan. Won Oxf. Brks. Ess. Hmp.
Som. Written bout, bowt (JAM. Suppl.).
1. A roll of cloth, fustian, canvas, &c., containing 28 ells.
W.SC. (JAM. Suppl.)
2. A bundle of osiers, of various dimensions ; a truss of
straw from 12 to 14 Ibs.
Lan. [At the rush-bearings] the rushes are laid transversely on
the rush-cart and are cut by sharp knives to the form desired. The
bolts, as they are termed, are formed of the longest rushes tied up
in bundles of about 2 ins. in diameter, HONE Year-Bk. ^1833) col.
1105. w.Wor.1 From 13 to 14 Ibs. Oxf.1 MS. add. Brks. 43
inches round, 14 inches from the butts. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
Ess. A bundle of which 80 make a load, ib. ; KENNETT Par. Antiq.
(1695). Hmp. 42 inches round at the lower band, MORTON Cyclo.
Agric. (18631. Wil.1 In basket-making, a bundle of osiers 40
inches round. Som. (W.F.R.)
3. Comp. Bowt-rushes, choice rushes used in the making
of rush-carts. Lan.1
BOLT, sb* Yks. Wor. Sus. Hmp. Cor.
1. Wood cut into pieces for lath-making.
Sus. (F.E.S.'i, Hmp.1
2. A narrow, walled passage between houses.
n-Yks.1* m.Yks.1
3. A stone-built drain ; a dam in a brook, the door of
which can be drawn up for the water to pass through.
Wor. ,H.K.), Cor.1 2
BOLT, v.1 Sc. Nhb. Yks. Der. Lin. Also Dev. Also
written boot Der.1; boult N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 n.Yks.2 [bout,
but.]
1. To sift flour through a sieve or fine cloth.
Nhb.1 e. Yks. Obs. NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889). w.Yks.1, Der.
n.Lin.1. Dev.3
BOLT
[3331
BOLTING
Hence (i) Bolted, ppl. adj. sifted, refined; (2) Bolter,
b. (a) a miller ; (b) an oak chest in which ground corn
was separated into fine flour, bran, and pollards ; (c) the
cloth round a bolting mill ; (3) Bolting, vbl. sb. the
process of sifting meal.
(il Sc. There were twal' and twal" wi' baken bread, And twal'
and twal' wi' bouted flour, SCOTT Minstrelsy (1802) 362, ed. 1839.
Nhb.1 White flour and white bread were formerly called ' bolted '
or' booted.' An advt. of 1828 reads,' Hay and Maclain, Bolted bread
bakers, &e.' A booted-loaf [was] made specially for the'cryin'oot,'
the time when an increase in the family occurred. (a,aMb. (b} Ken.
Obsol. P.M.) (c) [KENNETT Par. Antiq. (1695).] (3^ Sc. Sifting
our melder and in bolting it too, SCOTT Monastery { 1820) viii. nXin.1
2. Comp. (i) Boult-cloth, the cloth used in sifting meal ;
(2) -house, the place in which flour was sifted.
' (i) Sc. (]AM. Suppl.) N.Cy.1 (a) n.Yks.2
3. Fig. To examine, get to the bottom of.
n.Yks.2 Let us boult it out.
4. To sort or count.
Dev. Native of Rockbeare : ' I have bolted the clothes, ma'am,'
meaning she had sorted them for the laundress. In constant use,
Reports Provinc. 1889^; Dev.3
[1. To bolt meal, farinam cernere, COLES (1679) : Pouder
of the roots of Orrice . . . searced or bolted into most fine
dust, GERARDE Herb. (ed. 1633) 912. (2, c) A bolter
(sieve), reticulum, cribrum pollinarium, COLES (1679) ;
Estatnine, a strainer, scarce, boulter, or boulting cloth,
COTGR. 3. If truth were truely bolted out, TUSSER Hush.
(1580) 152; But I ne can not bulte it to the bren, CHAUCER
C. T. B. 4430. OF. buleter, to sift, for bureter, fr. bure, a
cloth used for sifting (HATZFELD, s. v. Bluter).]
BOLT, v? Var. dial, uses in Eng. Also written boult
Ken.12; bout e.Lan.1 Shr.1 ; bowt s.Chs.1 nw.Der.1
1. To run away, depart quickly ; to abscond. In gen.
colloq. use.
Lan. Aw paik'd misel up an' bowted afoor he'd toime to ax ony
queshtuns, FERGUSON Moudywarp, 18. ne. Lan.1, e.Lan.' Chs. We
sixpunse payd an bouted in a spot, Chs. N. if Q. (1881) I. 173.
nw.Der.1 n-Lin.1 He bohted awaay as soon as we clapt ees on him.
War.3 He was 'prentic'd to a tailor, but he bolted for a soldier.
w.Wor. He's two holes in his coot — one to go in at and the tother
for boltin', War. Jrn. (Mar. 10, 1888). Shr., Hrf. BOUND Prov,
Brks.1 Slang. She's bolted and left me here to starve. HAGGARD
Col. Quaritch 11888) III. v.
2. Of a horse : to run away, to shy, to swerve.
n.Lin.1 He was a good 'un to goa, but he bolted reight roond at
ivery stoan heap as he past. Shr.1 W'y that 'orse as 'e bought las'
far bouted o'er the "edge, an' throwed 'im. w.Som.1
Hence Bolter, sb. a horse that shies.
n.Lin.1 Shr.1 That 'orse wuz al'ays a bouter.
3. To put to flight, esp. to drive a rabbit or fox, &c., from
its burrow.
ne.Laa.1 s.Chs.1 Iv yoa' bin-,u of, ahy)l buwt yu [if you binna
off, I'll bowt yd], Brks.1 To bolt a rabbit is to drive it quickly
from the warren into the open. w.Som.1 Fae'umus lee'dl biich tu
boa-It u fauks [famous little bitch to bolt a fox]. Rab'uts d-airvees
boa'ltee bas een vrairstee wadh'ur [rabbits do always bolt best in
frosty weather]. [MAYER Splsmn's Direct. (1845) 143.]
Hence Bolting-hole, sb. a hole by which a rabbit makes
its escape. w.Som.1
4. Comp. (i) Bolt-cart, a cart swung below the axle
instead of above it ; (2) -hole, a hole by which a rabbit
makes its escape when pursued ; also used^g-., any means
of escape.
(i) Not.2 (2) s.Chs. (T.D.) Not. He's maybe gotten a bolt-
hole o' t'other side (L.C.M.). n.Lin.1 Th' sarvant chaps stoal th'
corn for th' herses thrif a boht-hoale behind th' machine. Thoo'll
just hev' to gie in, Jack, becos we've maade all boht-hoales agen
th6 an' thoo can't get oot o' this business. Nhp.2, War.3
5. Of the eyes : to protrude, start out of the head.
Wil. (G.E.D. ) ; A portrait was a good one, but ' his eyes bolt
so,' meaning thereby full, staring eyes, that seem to start out of
the head, JEFFERIES Hdgrw. (1889) 189. Slang. My daughter has
lots of pluck, but her eyes are bolting out of her head this morning
. . . after last night's work, SMART Master of Rathkelly (1888) II. xiii.
Hence Bolted, ppl. adj. prominent, protruded.
Wil. Of a little girl they said she was pretty, but she had bolted
eyes, JEFFERIES Hdgrw. 1889) 189; (G.E.D.)
6. Of plants : to run to seed.
e.An.1 Snf. My onions, spinach, and radishes have all bolted.
Very common (F.H.).
7. To speak suddenly, unadvisedly.
n.Lin.1 He bolted oot all he knew, though we hed telled him to
keap squat.
8. To swallow food hastily without proper mastication.
In gen. colloq. use.
n.Yks. (T.S.; s.Not. How that child does bolt her food (J.P.K.).
n.Lin.1. Lei.1, Nhp.1, e.An.1 Hmp. HOLLOWAY. Colloq. Courtiers
were bowing and making legs, While Charley le Roi was bolting
eggs, BARHAM Ingoldsby (1864) Truants.
9. In phr. to bolt pork, to cut it in pieces so as to swallow
it without mastication.
Ken.2 Ken., Sus. GROSE (1790) Suppl.
BOLT, v.3 Lei. Glo. To truss straw. Cf. bolt, sb*
Lei.1 Glo. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1789); Gl. (1851) ; Glo.1
BOLT, adv. Yks. Lin. War. In phr. (i) bolt at, or
upon, straight at, with violence, suddenly, precipitately ;
(2) — on end, upright. Cf. bolt, sb.1 (i).
(i) n.Lin. Sum'ats cum'd tearin" along th' streat, an' bolt at th'
chappil door, PEACOCK Tales and Rhymes (1886) 131. War.3
Colloq. I came bolt upon Dizzy as I went into the Athenaeum,
Lett. M. Arnold 1895) II. 144. (2) e.Yks.1 nXin.1 He deed e'
his chair sittin' up bolt-on-end.
BOLTA-STONE, sb. Sh.I. A stone of about 16 Ibs.
weight attached to the buoy-ropes for sinking the long
lines at the ' Haaf.'
S. & Ork.1 Termed also cappie-stane (q.v.).
BOLTED BREAD, sb. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Der. In
form booted N.Cy.1 w.Yks.1 Der.1; bouted Cum. Wm.1
Bread made of sifted meal mixed with rye. Cf. bolt,
v.1 1 (i).
N.Cy.1 Nhb. GROSE (1790). Cum. Some stiv'd the keale wi'
bout'd bread, GILPIN Pop. Poetry (1875) 204. Wm.1, w.Yks.1,
Der.1
BOLTEEN, sb. Irel. The stick of the flail.
s.Lns. With a whack from Pat, a thwack from Mat, The bolteens
quickly fly, Ir. Noinins ( 1894) 76.
[Ir. buailtin, that stick of the flail which strikes the corn
in threshing, fr. buailim, I strike, thresh (O'REILLY).]
BOLTEN, v. e.Yks.1 pp. of to bolt.
BOLTER, v.1 Nhp. War. Bdf. e.An. Of snow, dirt,
&c. : to cohere, coagulate ; to form into lumps. Cf. baiter.
Nhp.1 War.3 Dirt collected on the hairs of a horse's leg and
forming into hard masses is said to bolter.
Hence (ij Bolted, ppl. adj. of a bump: raised; (2)
Boltered, ppl. adj. coagulated, formed into lumps.
(i) e.An.1 (2) War.3 Bdf. BATCHELOR ^4««/. Eng. Lang. (1809;.
BOLTER, V? Lei. [bo'lta(r).] To chip or splinter.
Lei.' The fire-bricks always bolter in a frost.
BOLTHER, sb. e.Lan.1 [boite(r).] River drift;
macadamized stones. Cf. bolter, ».*, boulder.
BOLTING, sb. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Oxf. Wil.
Also in form boltin War.2 Shr.1 Glo.1 Wil.1 ; bolton Oxf.1 ;
boulting Shr.2 Wil.1 ; boutin Shr.12 [bou'ltin, bou'tin.]
A bundle or sheaf of straw, varying from 12 to 24 Ibs. in
weight. Cf. batten. See Bolt, sb.2 2.
War. (J.R.W.); War.2 w.Wor.1 s.Wor (H.K.) ; (F.W.M.W.)
se.Wor. ' The boltings (12 to 14 Ibs. weight) of bestand longest straw
are tied with two bands, those containing the short and inferior
straw with only one. What a fright thu bist, wench ; thee look'st
like a baowtin' tied o' one bond. Shr. An they gotten a boutin o'
straw, BURNE Flk-Lore (1883) vi ; Shr.1 Said of an uncomely
woman-servant, ' 'Er wuz jest like a boutin o' straw 6oth one bun'
round it ' ; Shr.2 Fach a boutin' o' straw. Shr. , Hrf. BOUND Prov.
(1876). Hrf.12 14 Ibs. Glo. 24 Ibs., MORTON Cydo. Agric. (1863) ;
(A.B.); Glo.1, Oxf.1 Wil.1 A sheaf of five or ten 'elms' (q.v.),
prepared beforehand for thatching.
BOLTING, vbl. sb. n.Cy. Yks. Lin. Hrt. Sur. Also
written booltin- w.Yks.2; boulting- Hrt. [bou'ltin,
bou'tin.]
1. The coarse meal which is sifted from the flour. See
Bolt, v.1
n.Lin.1 Sur. Do look at the boultings, sir! HOSKYNS Talpa
(1852) 139, ed. 1857.
2. Comp. (i) Bolting-cloth, a cloth used in mills for
BOLTON QUARTER
[334]
BOND
sifting meal ; (2) -house, the place in which meal is sifted ;
(3) -hutch, (a) the tub, box, or enclosure into which meal
is sifted; (b) a sieve for flour in a sifting-machine ; (4)
•mill, a hand-mill for sifting; (5) -on, meal wasted in
making oatcake.
(i) Lin. THOMPSON Hist. Boston (1856) 142. n.Lin.1 (•; Yks.
Yks. N. & Q. (1888) II. e.Yks. In the bowling house : one
bowling lube, BEST Rur. Econ. (i64i)'i72. (3, a) n-Lin.1 In the
boullinge house, one dough Irough ij bolting-willehes, Union
Invent. (1620) 29. (6) Hrt. ELLIS Cy. Hswf. (175°) '88. (4)
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) [KENNETT Par. Antiq. (1695).]
(5) w.Yks.3
BOLTON QUARTER, phr. Obs. Lan. Death with-
out mercy.
Lan.May2,i644,Bollon was lake n. . .. Many asweet saint slain :
no quarter would be given, so lhal il grew into a prov. 'Bolton-
quarter,' AMBROSE Media ( 1650) 72, in N. & Q. ^1888) 7th S. v. 406.
BOLTON TROTTER, sb. Lan. Written Bowtun-.
One who practises on another the kind of chaff common
in Bolton.
Lan. Well Ihen, aw sed, to kom lulh poynl, yo'r Bowtun Irolturs,
ORMEROD Felley fro Rachde (1851) 62, ed. 1856; In use among
working people (F. E.T.).
BOLUS NOLUS, phr. Dev. Nolens volens, 'willy-
nilly.'
n.Dev. Tes thes? bolus nolus wut ha' ma? Exm. Crtshp. (1746)
1. 401. Dev.8 Slill used.
BOLY, sb. e.Lan.1 A word of fright addressed to
children, a ' boggart,' hobgoblin. Cf. boll, sb.3
[He came . . . raving at the hollies and bolleroys . . .
and said, The bollies plagued him, Trial E. Arnold (1724)
in Howell's State Trials (1812) XVI. 737 (N.E.D.).]
BOMACIE, sb. Sc. Thunder.
Ayr. ' It looks like a bomacie,' it bodes a thunder-slorm i JAM.).
BOMAN-TEG, sb. Som. Dev. Putty, varnish, &c.,
used by carpenters to fill up and cover over bad joints or
defective wood. See Beaumontague.
w.Som.'Thal's what we calls boman-legfboa'mun lag'], so hard's
any 'ood or ire. nw.Dev.1 Called also Charily, because il covers
a mullitude of sins.
BOMARISKIE, sb. Sc. The herb, Ononis arvensis.
Cld. Sometimes called wild licorie (JAM.V
BOMBARD, sb. Obs. ? Sc.
1. Cannon.
Fif. Their Iwa bombards on Ihc ground Were thunderin' wi' an
awsome sound, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 218.
2. Cotnp. Bombard-shot, cannon shot.
Fif. They . . . split Ihe crowd wi' shank and showther, Like
bombard-shol a-birrin, ib. no.
[1. Bombard, a great gun or piece of ordnance, BUL-
LOKAR (1680) ; All them that ben archers, and haue
bowes, gonnes, bombardes, CAXTON Reynard (1481), ed.
Arber, 58. OFr. bombarde, 'grosse piece d'artillerie'
(LA CURNE).]
BOMBARREL, see Bumbarrel.
BOMBAZE, see Bumbaze.
BOMB-BOAT, see Bumboat.
BOMBLE, sb.1 Som. A log of wood hung round a
cow's neck when the animal is ' breachy ' or inclined to
break fence. Som. (W.F.R.)
BOMBLE, sb.2 Glo.1 The potato-apple.
BOME, v. I.W. Dor. Som. [bom.] To swing about,
carry loosely ; to swagger in walking.
I.W. A griskin on her head homes, MONCRIEFF Dream in Gent.
Mag. (1863); I.W.1; I.W.2 He homed into church as if he was
Lord Holmes.
Hence Boming, (i) ppl. adj. hanging down, like a
woman's long hair ; swaying about ; (2) vbl. sb. roaming
about, loitering.
(i~) Dor. A ' homing tree ' is one loo slender lo stand upright
(O.P.C.). Som. W. & J. Gl. (,18731- (2) Dor. Tired oul wi'
beaming aboul Ihe counlry, HARDY Ethelberta 1876) I. i ; Arne
[run] slraighl home from school, don'l eego boming aboul (H.J.M.).
[Cp. the use of boom (vb.) as applied to a ship. A ship
is said to come booming, when she makes all the sail she
can, PHILLIPS (1706).]
BOMESWISH, adv. I.W. At full speed, headlong.
See Bonneswish.
I.W.2 I met wold varmer Taalor and hes missus in Iheir new
pony caarl gwyne bomeswish over Staplers.
BOMILL. sb. Abd. (JAM.) A cooper's instrument.
BOMMOCK, BOMMUX, see Bammock.
BOMULLO(CK, see Bamullo.
BON, adj. Obs. (?) Sc. Gratuitous. See Boon, sb."
Sc. He that trusls lo bon ploughs will have his land lie lazy,
KELLY Coll. Prov. (1721) 149
BONALLY, sb. Sc. Good-speed, farewell: also, a
farewell dinner or supper.
Sc. Here is your bonally, my lad, SCOTT Pirate (1821) iv ;
Bonaillay, applied lo a meeling by friends lo enlertain one, as at
dinner or supper, from respect, who is about to leave his place of
abode, ./V. & Q. (1872) 4th S. ix. 217.
[Bonalais drank rycht glaidly in a morow, Wallace (1488)
ix. 45. Fr. bon alter, a good going ; cp. bon voyage.}
BONAUGHT, sb. Irel. A thick round cake made ot
oatmeal, baked on the clear turf coal, and often used on
the first making of meal after the harvest.
N.I.1. Ant. <S.A.B.)
[Ir. bonnach, an oaten cake (O'REILLY). The same word
as Sc. bannock (q.v.) ; see MACBAIN.]
BONCE, sb. Hmp. Dor. Som. Also in form boncer
Hmp.1 [bons, bo'nss(r).] A very large marble, a stone
ball. Cf. bounce.
Hmp.1 Used lo strike marbles from a ring. Dor.1, w.Som.1
BON-CRAB, sb. Cor.12 [bo'n-kraeb.] The female of
the edible crab, Platycarcinus pagurus.
[Bon prob. means ' female.' Cp. Wei. bun, woman, Ir.
and Gael, bean.]
BOND, sb.1 Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. [bond,
bon.]
1. A wisp of twisted hay or straw used for binding up
sheaves of corn, trusses of hay, &c. Cf. band, sb.1 4.
se.Wor.1 Shr.1 The bond is thai as ties the corn into bundles,
Acad. of Armory, bk. in. iii. Hrf.2 Glo. The slraw's so dratted
rotten we can't make a bond wi' it to tie wi', BUCKMAN Darke's
Sojourn (1890) 195 ; Glo.', Oxf.1 Ken. Bonds are gen. made in
the foil, way— Iwo handfuls of corn-slalks are laken wilh Ihe
slalks of slraw arranged regularly and the ears of each togelher
al Ihe same end : Ihe Iwo lots of stalks are then iwisled logelher
al Ihe ears (PM. ; Ken.1 Where's Tom ?— He's with feyther
making bonds. Sus.1 [The sheaf opens wider and lels Ihe rain
inlo Ihe bonds. LISLE Husbandry (1757) 209.]
2. The tire of a wheel ; a band or hoop of any metal.
w.Som.1 Sheaves and faggots have binds, nol bonds. A mere
faslening, however slrong, as a chain, is nol a bond. Plai'zr kn
ur ae* u baun puul pun dhu pluump ? dhu vrau-s-v u-kraa'k-n
[please, sir, can we have a bond pul on Ihe pump ? Ihe frosl has
cracked il]. nw.Dev.1
Hence Bond, v. to put a tire upon a wheel, to fit an
iron ring upon anything. w.Som.1
3. Comp. (i) Bond-course, a heading-course, a course of
bricks or stones inserted at intervals crosswise in a wall
for the purpose of tying the other courses together ;
(2) -stone, (a) a large stone put in a rubble wall for the
purpose of tying the other courses together ; (b) a land-
mark, a boundary.
(it n-Lin.1 (2, «) ib. (6) n.Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
BOND, sb.2 and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. sb. Obs. An agreement between coal-owners and
their men by which the men were obliged to work under
stated conditions for twelve months.
Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
2. Comp. (i) Bond-money, earnest money, or 'arles' given
on engaging a servant ; (2) -prices, the prices agreed to
as set forth in the bond ; (3) -(s-man, a surety, one who
gives security for another.
(i) Nhb.1 (a) Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888). (3)
n.Yks.1 What's Ihou to be surveyor, George ? An' wheea's tha'
bon's-man, man ? Lan. The baillies . . . agreed to go away if he'd
find 'em a bondsman, WAUGH Rambles in Lake Cy. (1861) iii.
3. v. To mortgage.
Rnf. I've heard thai his property's bonded, Thai's no very
likely, I Iroo, BARR Poems (i86ij 109. Gall. I gol the place
BOND
[3351
BONE
uietly bonded, and bought him old Dr. Aitkin's practice . . . with
he money, CROCKETT Stiffcit Min. (1893^ 8.
[Legal senses of Bond, sb.1]
BOND, sb.3 Obs.? Nhb. In comp. (i) Bond-darg, a
day's labour rendered to the lord of the manor or to the
landlord, see Darg ; (2) -ryding, the name of some piece
of ground which had been ridded or cleared of wood, and
for which its owner was bound to do certain services to
his lord. Cf. boon, sb*
' , i) Nhb.1 A remarkable custom, derived from the feudal system,
is still observed at Great Whittington. The freeholders are
obliged to send seven mowers and fourteen reapers to Halton
Castle for one day every year, when called upon. It is called the
' bond darg.' The labourers receive no wages, but are plentifully
supplied with victuals and drink, MACKENZIE & DENT Hist. Nhb.
(1811 810. (21) Nhb.1
BONDAGE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Also written bonage,
bonnage Sc.
1. Service rendered as part-payment to a land-proprietor
by his tenant, or to a farmer by a cottager. Cf. boon, sb.*
Kcd. Bonage . . . was exacted either in seed-time, or in ploughing
and harrowing the proprietor's land, or in summer in the
carriage of his coals, . . . and in harvest in cutting down his crop,
Agr. Surv. 213 (JAM.). Nhb. Jane wrought the ' bondage ' on
the farm where her brother was ' hind,' and worked from 6 a.m.
to 6 p.m. for the handsome sum of fifteen-pence, WEDDLE Bondager
in Gent. Mag. (Nov. 18961 433 ; Nhb.1 A relic of the olden time
still lingers under the name of the ' bondage system,' entailing, not
serfdom, but the necessity of finding extra labour in field work,
ROBERTSON Hist. (1872).
Hence Bondager, sb. a female field-worker whom the
hind covenants to supply on his engagement to a
farmer.
Sc. Tibby had been a bondager on one of the Hirsel Farms,
WHITEHEAD Daft Davie (1876) 100; Every person who held
a cottage as part of his or her yearly agreement was bound to
provide a full-bodied out-worker or bondager for service on the
farm, LUMSDEN Sheep-head, 32 ; MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
N.Cy.1 Nhb. The bondagers pull'd turnips for fowerpence a day,
CHATT Poems (1866) 87 ; HEATH Eng. Peas. (1893) 86.
2. Comp. (i) Bondage-hook, a tenant bound by the
terms of his lease to reap for the proprietor in harvest ;
(2) -peats, fuel with which a tenant is obliged to furnish
his landlord, according to the terms of his lease. Abd.
(JAM.)
[1. If the nief were once free and clearly discharged
of bondage (cleerment discharge de villenage) to all
intents, she cannot be nief after, Termes de la Ley (1671),
ed. Blount, 473. OF. bondage, vilaine tenue (ROQUEFORT).
Cp. MLat. bondagium. Bondagium or villenagium, SKENE
Expos. Termes (1641) 22. From ON. bondi, peasant,
husbandman.]
BONDER, v. Chs. [bo'nda(r).] To wander aimlessly
about.
s.Chs.1 It';sjiist lahyk dheyz laad'z un wen-shiz; dhai lahykn
tu goa- bon-durin ubuwt aaf-tur daa'rk [It's just like theise lads
an' wenches ; they liken to go bonderin about after dark].
BONDLAND, sb. Sus. Old cultivated or yard-lands
as distinguished from assart-lands.
Sus.1 Used in Framfield and Mayfield ; Sus.2
[OE. bonde-land, land held by bondage tenure. OE.
bonda, ON. bondi, husbandman ; see Bondage.]
BOND-NUT, sb. Suf.1 A cob-nut. [Not known to our
correspondents ; prob. the same as bong-nut, q.v.]
BONDSFOLK, see Boond.
BOND-SUCKEN, adj. Obsol. Cum. Of a farm: held
on the condition of having all the corn grown upon it
ground at the manorial mill.
Cum. Than to t'bond-sucken mill tak't to old Robin Peel,
DICKINSON Cumbr. (1876) 254 ; Cum.1
[Socome, an old law word, signifying the custom of
grinding at the lords mill; and there is Bond-Socome,
where the tenants are bound to it, BLOUNT (1670). Bond
repr. OE. bonda, ON. bondi, peasant, landholder, as in
bond-land (q.v.). Sucken repr. ME. soken, a district. _Of
Banneburies sokne, P. Plowman (c.) in. HI. OE. socn,
jurisdiction.]
BONDY, sb. Yks. A simpleton. [Prob. misprint for
' body ' ; Ray copied by later Glossaries.]
Yks. RAY (1674) ; Wds. from iStfi Cent. Did. in Leeds Men.
vFeb. 9, 1884).
[Bondy, Yks., simpleton, COLES (1677).]
BONE, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. Eng.
1. Obs. ? A bobbin for making lace.
n.Cy. (K.) ; GROSE '1790) ; N.Cy.2 Bck. The lace-makers still
call their work ' getting their bread out of the bones ' (NARES,
1822).
2. A drift of snow left in a sheltered place after a general
thaw.
Der.2 Bones of snow. nw.Der.1
3. With adj. bad: an evilly disposed person, with an
inbred badness.
Cum. (J.P.) ; (J.A.) ; Cum.1 He's a bad beann.
4. Of land : hardness, firmness.
Not.1 Farm labourers will speak of the bone being out of the
land when the frost has left it. War.3
5. In phr. (i) to have a bone in the arm or leg, an excuse
given to children by a person unwilling to do what has
been asked of him ; in gen. use ; (2) to have a bone to pick
with a person, to have a cause of complaint against him ;
in gen. use ; (3) to make no bones of, to make no difficulty
of; in gen. use; (4) to make old bones, to live to an old
age.
(i) Chs.1 Nay, choilt, aw canna toss the', aw'vegetten a bone i'
my arm. Oxf.1 MS. add. Brks.1 I caant do't vor 'e now I've
a-got a bwun in my leg. \2) n.Lin.1 Colloq. I have a bone to
pick along with you, George ! BARING-GOULD Mehalah (1885) 85.
(3) Wm.1 I'le mak neeah beeans on't. w.Yks. I'll tak tul't an'
mak' no boans abaht it, CUDWORTH Sketches (1884) 12 ; w.Yks.1
Maad naa baans on't, ii. 341. Lan. An' he mays no sma' booans
on't, thae sees, KAY-SHUTTLEWORTH Scarsdale (1860) II. 107.
Der. They made no bones about it, but just went like two scared
deer over the wall, GUSHING Voe (1888) I. viii ; Der.2, nw.Der.1,
Not.1 n-Lin.1 He maade noa boans aboot it, but lock'd up th'
yaate-stead at once. Nhp.1, War.3, Hrt. (G.G.) Nrf. I'd niver
make no bon's about that (E.M.). Dev. He made no bones of
telling me about it, poor chap! STOOKE Not Exactly, vi. (4) Lei.1
Ah nivver med count as a'd mek o'd boons. War.3
6. Comp. (i) Bone-bad, thoroughly bad ; (2) -blast,
a disease of the bone ; (3) -dog, the common dog-fish,
Spinax acanthias ; (4) -dry, dry as a bone, very dry ;
(5) -enterin', of cold weather : sharp, penetrating to the
bone ; (6) -flower, the daisy, Bellis perennis, cf. banewort
(i) ; (7) -healthing, inflammation in the bones ; (8) -hugg-
ing, carrying corpses to the grave; (9) -idle, (10) -lazy,
extremely idle ; (n) -lean, having the bones projecting ;
(12) -picked, lean, cadaverous ; (13) -pins, pins made of
mutton bones formerly used for fastening roofing slates ;
(14) -sore, aching with fatigue ; (15) -tired, very weary.
(i) n.Lin. Them boane-bad uns knaws nowt aboot, PEACOCK
Taales (1889) 57. (2) Not. I'm very much afeard it'll be a bone-
blast (L.C.M.); Not3 (3) Sus. (F.E.S.) [SATCHELL (1879).]
(4) Rnf. An auld neebor hove in sight, Bane dry himsel' An'
spread abune me, drookit whicht, His big umbrell", YOUNG Pictures
(1865) 128. N.I.1, n.Yks. (I.W.), nJ.in.1, Nhp.1, War.3, e-An.1
Cmb.1 You may take them things off the line now— they're bone-
dry. Nrf.1 (5) Lin. It's been so bone-enterin' cowd nobody's
corned to get nowt done, PEACOCK J . Markenfield (&-]%) I. 114. (6)
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781).
ne.Lan.1 (7) n.Dev. Urchy Thorn's bonehealthing's gan, ROCK
Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 65. (8) w.Yks.2 (9) e.Yks.1 w.Yks.
(S.K.C.) ; w.Yks.2 Stf.2 That chap'll niwer diu any good. HeTs
just bone-idle. Not.1 n.Lin.1 He's strong enif fer onything, but
he's boane-idled. sw-Lin.1 He's a real bone-idle old fellow.
War.3 Slang. I slapped 'is face for a bone-idle beggar ! KIPLING
Badalia (1890) 5. (10) Hrf.2, e.An.1 Cmb.1 I don't know what
I shall do wi' y'r — you're thoroughly bone-lazy. (n) Cmb. It
will fatten a bullock or horse though put unto it bone lean,
MARSHALL Review Agric. (1814) IV. 640. (12) n.Yks.2 (13)
Nhb.1 Obs. (14) n.Yks.2, Chs.12, e-An.1 (15} n.Cy. Poetry Prav.
in Cornh. Mag. (1865) XII. 31. e-An.1, Suf. (.F.H.)
[1. Bones, bobbings, as bone-lace, i.e. bobbing-lace,
BAILEY (1721) ; Now for women . . . they have curious
needleworks, cut-works, spinning, bone-lace, BURTON
Anat. Mel. (1621), ed. 1896, II. 112; The free maids that
BONE
[336]
BONEY
weave their thread with bones, SHAKS. Twelfth Nl. n. iv. 46.
5. (i) I can't go, for I have a bone in my leg, SWIFT Polite
Conv. (c. 1706) III. (DAv.) (2) I have given him a bone
to pick, Injeci scrupulum homini, ROBERTSON P/iras. (1693).
(3) He made no bones of it to run away from the fire, ib. ;
My maide . . . shall make no bones to deliver you this
male, RICHE Farewell (1581) (NARES). 6. (6) The daisies
doe mitigate all kinde of paines, but especially of the
ioynts, and gout, GERARDE Herb. (ed. 1633) ^37 i Consolida
minor . . . ossa fracta consolidat, angl. bonwort, Alphita,
45-J
BONE, v.1 Yks. Chs. [boan.] To annoy by repeated
dunning, or by constant solicitation ; freq. with prep, at,
or on.
w.Yks. I doan't like to see a lot o' chaps boanin' at wun o' ther
shopmaites for a fooitin', Frogland Olm. (1863) 16 ; He'll bone
thuh wol thah pays him ivvry awpny. Tom knew ah'd a seacrit,
an' he boned at muh wol ah tell'd him what 'twor. T'parson
keeps bonin' muh ower nut bein' teetotal, Leeds Merc. Suppl.
(Nov. 14, 1891). s.Chs.1 Yoa- shiidn ii boa'nd upon- im, wen
yoa- noa'd ee)d dhii braas' ubuw't im [Yo shoulden ha' boned
upon him, when yo knowed he'd the brass abowt him].
Hence Boner, sb. one who annoys by constant solicita-
tion.
w.Yks. Leeds Men. Suppl. (Nov. 14, 1891 ,.
BONE, v.2 Chs. Lin. Nhp. War. Wil. Som. Also in
form bourne Wil.1 ; bun Nhp.1 To take the levels of land
for draining, to measure in a straight line.
Chs.1 Nhp.1 A boy, who was assisting in measuring a piece of
land, was directed to place one stick in a line with another,
when he said, ' I've got a good eye, I can bun it well.' War.
(J.R.W.) Wil.1 w.Soin.1 Yiie boa'un un yuur-zuul. yiie-ul zeon
zee wur uz true' ur noa [you bone it yourself, you will soon see
whether it is true (straight) or not].
Hence Boning-stick, an instrument used or setting
out the depth of drains or other cuttings in the soil.
n.Lin.1
[Cp. OFr. banner (mod. borner), 'garnir un terrain de
bornes pour en marquer la limite ' (HATZFELD) ; fr. OFr.
bodne, Low Lat. bodina, 'meta, limes' (DUCANGE).]
BONE, v.3 In gen. dial, and colloq. use. To steal, to
seize or detain by force ; also fig.
Chs. Sheaf (,1879) I. 237. Stf.2 If you wontan far sei ar gafar,
you mun bun im fost thing av 3 mornin, ar its 0 up. nw.Der.1
Not. (J.H.B.), War. 3 Dev. He has boned my purse, WILLS
iv. Times (War. 12, 1886) 6. Cor.2 MS. add. [Aus., N.S.W. What
do you think they're up to now ? . . . Sticking up a bank, or
boning a flock of maiden ewes to take up a run with ? BOLDRE-
WOOD Robbery (1888) I. vi.] Slang. But from her grave in Mary-
bone They've come and boned your Mary, HOOD Mary's Ghost ;
Egbert . . . demanded a shilling of me on the ground that his
pocket-money was boned from him, DICKENS Blk. House (1853)
viii. Cant. Life B. M. Carew (1791) Gl. ; And the soldier who
bones for himself and his crones should be boned like a traitor
himself at the block, LYTTON Paul Clifford (1848) 123.
BONE-CART, sb. and v. Wm. Yks. e.An. Also
written baan- w.Yks.1 ; beean- Wm.1 n.Yks.
1. sb. The human body, esp. in phr. to rattle, bang, or
sharpen the bone-cart, to thrash.
Wm.1 n.Yks. Ah'll sharpen thy beean-cart for thee, if thou
doesn't be off (I.W.). w.Yks. I'se a bit hasty, an' I've knawn
when I've banged a fellow's baan-cart black an' blue for spilling
t'board when he wor licked, Jabes Oliphant (1870) bk. v. iv ;
w.Yks.1 I'll rattle thy baan-cart. e.An.1 I'll baste your bone-cart.
2. v. To carry on one's shoulder.
e.An.1 Nrf.1 1 coudn't av a horse, so I was fohst to bone-cart 'em.
BONEEN, sb. Irel. Also written bonyeen Wxf. ;
bonneen Tip. A young pig.
Ir. What's that you have dragging there behind you ?— A
boneen, sir, LEVER Ch. O'Malley (1841) Ixxxv. Dwn. The boneens
are squealing behind, HUME People Dwn. Ant. (1874) 23. w.Ir.
The relative number of cows, turkeys, feather-beds, boneens,
black pots and the like, producible upon either side, LAWLESS
Crania (1892) I. iv. Wxf. Who owns these bonyeens, my brave
boy? KENNEDY Banks Boro (1867) 212. Tip. Phil carried a
bonneen under his arm, KICKHAM Knocknagow, 59.
[Ir. banabhin, a sucking-pig (O'REILLY) ; dim. of banabh,
banbh, a pig ; Wei. banw (MACBAIN).]
BONEFIRE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Wm. Yks. Lin. Also
written ban-fire N.Cy.1 w.Yks. ; bane-fire Dur.1 ; beean-
fire Wm.1 n.Yks. ; baan -fire w.Yks.1 A bonfire.
Rxb. For the annual midsummer banefire, or bonfire, in the
burgh of Hawick, old bones were regularly collected and stored
up, down to about 1800, HESLOP Gl. (1892). N.Cy.1 Nhb. The
bonefire is still maintained at Whalton, and was lighted as usual
on July 4, 1895. The faggots are brought to the outskirts of the
village and are invariably dragged thence by hand ; never carted
through the village to the site o/ the fire (R.O.H.); Nhb.1 The
Mayor's muckle banefire set on flame, STUART Joco-Serious Disc.
(1686: 18. Dur.1 Applied usually to the fires kindled to celebrate
Nov. 5. Wm.1 n.Yks. They mak a good beeanfire, TWEDDELL
Clevel. Rhymes (1875)5. w.Yks. WILLAN List Wds. (1811);
w.Yks.1 n.Lin,1 At the bonfires on the fifth of November it was
a practice to throw one or two fragments of bone among the
glowing embers, Archaeol. XXIII. 42. sw.Lin.1
[A bone-fire,/bcMS triumphalis or laetitiae, Ignis festus,
COLES ( 1679) ; The said Felloship of Cookes shall yearelie
. . . mainteigne and keep the bone-fires . . . one bone-fire
on the Even of the Feast of the Nativitieof St. John Baptist
. . . and the other on the Even of the Feast of St. Peter,
Ord. Cooks Newcastle (1575) in BRAND Pop. Ant., ed. 1849,
I. 318; A banefyre, ignis ossium, Cath. Angl. (1483).]
BONEN, adj. Dev. Cor. [bo'nan.] Made of bone.
Dev. Reports Provinc. (1881) 10. w.Cor. The knives had bonen
handles (M.A.C.).
[Bone + -en, adj. suff., as in wooden.]
BONER, sb. Slang. At Winchester School. A blow
on the back.
ADAMS Wykehamica (1878) 417 ; COPE Gl.
BONES, sb. pi. Yks. Chs. Rut. In phr. to be on the
bones of, to fall a-bones of, to abuse, attack, assail.
w.Yks. He's always on t bones o' mi (B.K.). s-Chs.1 A gentle-
man who had sharply taken to task a disturber of a political
meeting was said to ' fau' uboa'nz on im' [faw a-bones on him].
Rut.1 She fell a-bones o' me and call'd me ever so.
BONESHAVE, sb. Obsol. Som. Dev. Also written
boneshaw Som. ; bonesheave Dev.
1. Sciatica.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w-Som.1 Boo'un shee'uv. Dev.
She . . . suffered cruelly from the ' bone-shave,' MADOX-BROWN
Dwale Blulh (1876 : bk. i. iii ; I be main sartin I got tha boneshave
in my hip, vur I can't git up nur zit down. On the bank of a
stream, on a bitterly cold winter night, old John Roden, a martyr
to sciatica, stretched himself out, head against stream, in the hope
that • tha waiter wid car tha boneshave down til tha zay.' At his
side was laid an ashen staff. Two women on opposite banks,
with joined hands stretched over Jack and the stream, chanted in
monotone : ' Boneshave right, Boneshave strite ; As tha waiter
rins by tha stave, Zo follow boneshave.' Then silently departed
in opposite directions, leaving John Roden to get home ' za zune
as his boneshave wuz ago.' Needless to state, 'boneshave slicked
til en,' and ere daylight death had carried him away to a painless
home, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) ; Still-liquors have the reputation
of being ' rare gude physic vur 'osses and bullicks.' T'ath abin
knawed tu cure tha boneshave in man ! ib. 128 ; 'Tis just the
boneshave I've got ; it strikes you in your bones, it does,
O'NEILL Idylls (1892) 38; Dev.1 n.Dev. Is dedn't mean the
bone-shave, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 23; The Exmoorians when
afflicted with sciatica used the foil, charm to be freed from it : — •
The patient must lie on his back on the bank of a river or brook
of water, with a straight staff by his side, between him and the
water, and must have the foil, words repeated over him :
' Bone-shave right, Bone-shave straight. As the water runs by the
stave, Good for bone-shave, ib. Note (ed. 1778) ; Urchy['s got]
tha bone-sheave, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 10 ; BLACK Flk-
Medicine (1883) vi.
2. A horny excrescence on the heel of a horse.
Som. N. &= Q. (1894) 8th S. vi. 65. n.Dev. GROSE (1790).
[Conn. w. obs. E. boneshaw (hip-gout). With bock-
blood and beanshaw, MONTGOMERIE Flyting (c. 1600) 304,
ed. Cranstoun, 70; pe bane schawe, ossedo, Cath. Angl.
(1483) ; Bonschawe, sekenesse, Prompt. Parv.]
BONE-TICKLE, see Banstickle.
BONEY, adj. w.Yks. [boa'ni.] Of cloth: harsh or
hard to the touch.
w.Yks. We sometimes use the word boney about cloth that
handles hard, lean, or bare — not full in the hand (S.N.).
BONGAIT
[337]
BONNY
coi
BONGAIT, v. Cum. To fasten. [Unknown to our
correspondents.]
Cum. Gl. (1851) ; LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 297.
BONGAY, sb. Suf. Also written bongy. The horse-
chestnut, Aesculus hippocastanum.
Suf. I copped a stone and knocked down two bongies (M. E. R.) ;
N. V Q. (.1874) sth S. ii. 326.
BONG-NUT, sb. Suf. A large filbert nut. (F.H.)
BONGRACE, sb. Obs. Sc. Nhb.
1. A kind of shade worn on the front of a woman's bonnet
in order to keep the face from tanning.
Nhb.1 This article of costume is yet in regular use among the
women workers in the fields, but the old name is nowadays lost
to us, and it is commonly called an ' ugly.' ' Her bongrace was of
wended straw, From the sun's beams her face to free,' Sng.
Bagpiper.
2. A large straw bonnet.
Sc. Her dark elf-locks shot out like the snakes of the gorgon,
between an old-fashioned bonnet called a bongrace, SCOTT Guy M.
(1815) iii ; I thought unco shame o' myself the first time I put
on a married woman's bongrace, ib. Midlothian (1818) xxvii.
[1. Umbraculum, a shade, a bongrace, COLES (1679) ;
Cornette, a fashion of shadow, or boongrace, used in old
time, and at this day, by some old women, COTGR.
2. I'll give thee, gloves and a bongrace to wear, D'URFEY
Pills (1719) I. 327. Fr. bonne-grace, the uppermost flap
of the down-hanging tail of a French-hood (whence belike
our boongrace) (CoxGR.).]
BONHAM, sb. N.I.1 A pig of six or eight weeks old.
See Bonuv.
BONKER, sb. e.An. Also written bonka e.An.1;
bonkka Ess. ; bonnka Nrf.1 Suf.1 [bo'r)ka(r).] Anything
very large ; a big, strapping person, freq. applied to young
girls. Cf. banger.
e.An.^Nrf.1 Suf. That's a bonka of a lie. I had not fought him
long before I gave him a bonka (F.H.) ; Suf.1 Ess. An' my book
'ool sich a bonkka be, CLARK /. Noakes (1839) 34; Gl. (1851);
Ess.1
BONKER, v. Suf. To pay up.
Suf. He bonkaed [or bonkered] up handsomely (F.H,).
BONKER, see Bunker.
BONKY, see Banky.
BONNAG, see Bannock.
BONNAR, sb. Obs.l Sc. A bond.
Sc. And took three rigs o' braw land And put myself under
a bonnar, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads (1806) I. 312.
BONNESWISH, adv. I.W. Rapidly, swiftly, in phr.
to go bonneswish. [Perh. misprint for bomeswish, q.v.]
I.W.1 There they goos bonneswish.
BONNET, sb. and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
[bo-nit, bo'nat]
1. A man's cap.
Sc. To adopt the trews .... brogues, and bonnet, SCOTT
Waverley (1814) xxiv ; Ae chiel, wi' bannet then gaed roun' To
gather in ... The bawbees, ALLAN Lilts (1874) 7. Bnff. He found it
was a big black beetle trying to work its way in between his skin
and his bonnet, SMILES Natur. (1879) iv. Abd. Wi' bonnet cock'd
somewhat ajee, BEATTIES Parings (.1813) 25, ed. 1873. Kcd. His
bonnet wi' the scarlet lap . . . He pu'd upon his shinin' pow,
GRANT Lays (1884) 38. Frf. Peter Tosh, you've forgotten to take
off your bonnet, BARRIE Minister (1893) xxxi. Rnf. A tattered
bonnet on his croun Lets in baith win' and weet, BARR Poems
(1861) 5. Ayr. His bonnet reverently is laid aside, BURNS
Cotter's Sat. Night (1785) St. 12. Nhb. His bonnet wi' blue ribbons
braw, GRAHAM Maori. (1826) 22.
2. A tin, sheet-iron, or steel cover to protect the gauze
part of certain safety-lamps, such as the Marsaut.
Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
8. A primitive porch formed of two ' flags ' inclined
towards a point over a door. w.Yks. (S.H.B.)
4. A large head of a nail. Cor.2 MS. add.
5. Comp. (i) Bonnet-fecht, a fight in which caps are
used as weapons ; (2) -laird, a yeoman, a small landed
proprietor ; (3) -lug, the ear which is more visible when
the cap is worn on one side of the head ; (4) -piece, a gold
coin issued in the reign of James V. Obs.
^ Sc. (A.W.) (a) Sc. Meg Dods had the honour of refusing
VOL. I.
two bonnet-lairds, SCOTT St. Ronan (1824) i ; The sister of a
neighbouring bonnet-laird, STEVENSON Hermislon in Cosmopolis
(Jan. 1896) i. Inv. Obs. (H.E.F.) Kcd. Gin ye get yer cousin's
siller, Hame return a bonnet-laird, GRANT Lays (1884) 38. Ayr.
The first witness . . . gained the love and affections ... of one
of the jurors, an old bien carl, a bonnet-laird, GAI.T Entail (1823)
Iv. 1^3) Abd. He cocks his bonnet-lug sae smart, And wears his
claes sae neatly, SHIKKEFS Poems (1790) 282. (4) Sc. The
common gold coins of this reign (known by the name of bonnet-
pieces) . . . are extremely beautiful, and little inferior to the finest
medals, NICHOLSON Hist. Lib. (1702) 300 (JAM.) ; Julian Avenel
loves the glance of gold bonnet-pieces, SCOTT Monastery (1820)
xxiii.
6. In phr. (i) to be not worth a dad of a bonnet, expression
of contempt ; (2) to dad with the blue bonnet, to exercise a
counter-charm, to ward off the evil influence of fairies ;
(3) to fill the bonnet of another, to be equal to him in any
respect ; (4) to rive the bonnet of another, to excel, to be
superior to (JAM.).
(i) Sc. It's no wordie a dad of a bonnet, Blackw. Mag. (Apr.
1820) 344. (a When a cow happened to be seized with any
sudden disease . . . she was said to be elf-shot, and it was
reckoned as much as her life was worth not to dad her with the
blue bonnet. (3) May every archer strive to fill His bonnet, Poems
on Comp. of Archers (1726) 33; He'll ne'er fill his bonnet.
1^4) He winna rive his father's bonnet.
7. v. To knock a man's hat over his eyes.
w.Yks. Some . . . made a dash like scamps did at Doncaster to
bonnet me and rob me, FETHERSTON Farmer, 42.
BONNET-FLEUK, sb. Sc. The fish, Pleuronectes
rhombus.
Sc. Found in the Firth of Forth (JAM.). [SATCHELL (1879).]
BONNETIE, sb. Sc. The little grebe, Tachybaptes
fluvialis.
Sc. From the bonnet-like appearance of the tuft of feathers on
its head (J.M.). Frf. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 216.
BONNIVOCHIL, sb. Sc. (JAM.) The Great Northern
Diver, Colymbus glacialis.
w.Is. The bonnivochil ... as big as a goose, having a white
spot on the breast and the rest parti-coloured, MARTIN Description
(1716) 79.
[Cp. Gael, bur-bhuachaill, the bird called the Northern
diver, for muir-bhuachaill, herdsman of the deep, fr. the
warning it gives before a storm (MACLEOD & DEWAR).]
BONNY, adj., adv. and int. Sc. Irel. All n. counties of
Eng. to Der. Also Lin. Rut. Lei. War. Shr. e.An. Ken.
Sus. Hmp. I.W. Also written bonie Ayr.; bony Ir. ;
boanie Sh.I. [bo'ni, b5'ni, bu'ni.]
1. adj. Beautiful, handsome, pretty, fine, pleasant to
look at.
Sc. A bonnie bride is soon busket, KELLY Coll. Prov. (1721) ;
This is the last reise that I'll ever cut in the bonny woods of
Ellangowan, SCOTT Guy M. (1815) viii; Twa shillings Scots : no
pickle mair ; and there are twa bonny callants hingin' for't,
STEVENSON Catriona (1895) iii. Sh.I. A bunch o boanie flooers,
BURGESS Rasmie (1892) 135. Elg. Labour's bonny white-wash'd
cot, COUPER Tourifications (1803) I. n. Bnff. See, mother, sic
a bonnie beastie I've gotten, SMILES Natur. (1879) ii. Frf. I'm
thinking your leddyship, as you're the bonniest yoursel, BARRIE
Minister (1891) iv. Per. Ay, they're bonnie kebbocks.lANMACLAREN
Auld Lang Syne (1895) 14. Ayr. I was the Queen o' bonie France,
BURNS Lament of Mary (1791) st. 4 ; As fair art thou, my bonie
lass, So deep in luve am I, ib. A red, red rose. Lnk. I've made it
lang a rule to pass Nae kintry house where there's a bonny lass,
BLACK Falls of Clyde (1806) 129. Bwk. Ordweil's a bonny place,
Stands upon the water, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 23. Ir.
My bony light horseman in the battle was slain, Old Sng.
(P.J.M.) Ant. ' A'll buy you a bonny new naethin' an' a whustlc
on the end of it,' is a promise frequently made to children when
one is going to a market or fair, Ballymena Obs. (1892). n.Cy.
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; N.Cy.1 Nhb. Lord bliss thor bonny
feyces a', ROBSON Evangeline (1870) 333 ; Nhb.1 What a bonny
bairn ! A bonny hoose. A bonny horse. ' My bonny keel laddie,
my canny keel laddie, My bonny keel laddie for me, O ! ' Old Sng.
Dur.1, e.Dur.1 Cum. Yet theer not yen 'at can compare Wi' bonny
smurking Sally, RELPH Misc. Poems (1743) 118; Gl. (1851);
Cum.1 It's a bonny consarn. Wm. Where nature's bonny queen,
Clean caps man's art and painter's skill, WHITEHEAD Leg. (1859)
6. Yks. A little wurd is a bonny wurd, Brighouse News (July ao,
X X
BONNY
t3381
BONOCH
1889). n.Yks. Lo, thoo art bonny, mah luv, ROBINSON Sng. Sol.
(1860) i. 15; n.Yks.1 A! what bonny claes! A bonny lahtle chap!
n.Yks.3 e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788'. w.Yks. Her old
sweetheart wi bonny Jane, Stud laughing as shoo past. Doily's
Gaon (1855) 10; If he proves as gooid as shoe's bonny, they're
worth havin, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1896) 13. Lan. A bonny sect
as e'er a mortal seed, BEALF.Y Eawr Bessy, 5. ne.Lan. These bonny
een o' thine, MATHER Idylls (1895) 258. n.Lin.1 C 's wife is
a very bonny woman, I reckon. Them's th' bonniest carrots I've
seen to year. ' The cuckoo is a bonny bird, She sings as she flies,'
Sttg. Rut.1 But she's a bonny woman, she is ! War.3 What a bonny
baby!
Hence (i) Bonnily, adv. finely, nicely, beautifully ; also
used ironically ; (2) Bonnyish, adj. fair, comparatively
fine ; (3) Bonnyness, sb. beauty.
(i) Sc. We would have bonnily out-manoeuvred them, STEVENSON
Catriona (1895) xiii. Rnf. Blink bonnilie, thou eenin' star !
ALLAN Ev. Hours (1836 137 Ayr. His wee-bit ingle blinkan
bonilie, BURNS Cottar's Sat. Night 1785) st. 3. Lnk. Thegowans
glint fu' bonnilie beside the castle wa', THOMSON Leddy May
(1883" i. Lth. Amang the shaws o' auld Kinneil The blackbird
sang fu' bonnilie, SMITH Merry Bridal 1,1866 139. Nhb.1 Yor
gettin' on bonnily wi'd, aa see. Cum. Right bonnily he burnt,
nor flinch'd a bit, RELPH Misc. Poems (17431 23. n.Yks.2 It hurts
me bonnily. e.Yks.1 Ah's bonnily thenks tha. Ah's bonnily
vexed, MS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks.', Der.2, nw.Der.1 (a) n.Yks.1
Thae's a bonnyish lot o' yows ; n.Yks.2 There'll be bonnyish deed
[great stir or doings], m.Yks.1 (3) Sc. Her bonnyness has been
foreseen In ilka town, baith far and near, RAMSAY Tea-Table Misc.
(1724) II. 188, ed. 1871. Abd. For bonyness and other gueed out-
throw They were as right as ever tred the dew, Ross Helenon
(1768) 10, ed. 1812.
2. Used ironically : fine, pretty.
Rnf. She had better tak care o' her language, Or I'll gie her
a bonnie het face, BARR Poems (1861) 113. Dmf. Gif this be
sae, as some believe, A bonnie job I'm makin', QUINN Heather
(ed. 1863) 252. Gall. Ye are makkin' bonny fules o' yersels,
CROCKETT Stickit Min. (1893) 27. Nhb.1 Ye've made a bonny mess
on't, noo. Here's a bonny go. e.Dnr.1 Wm.1 A bonny fella
thoo is ! n.Yks. A bonny gahing on there was, TWEDDELL Clevcl.
Rhymes (1875) 12 ; n.Yks.2 The expression ' bonny corpse ' slyly
points at a little complacency on the part of the enriched survivor
in regard to his friend's removal. ne.Yks.1 Aw ! Thoo's brokken
t'pankin' ; noo there'll be a bonny ti-deea aboot it. e.Yks. Thoo's
a bonny honey ti sthrike at thi awn fayther, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp.
(1889) 89; e.Yks.1 He's getten hissen intiv a bonny mess.
w.Yks. Awm in a bonny pickle this time, HARTLEY Grimes' Trip
(1877) i ; He made a bonny to do ovver his owd jacket nut being
mended (B.K. ; w.Yks.1 Thou's a bonny fellow; w.Yks.3 That's
a bonny come up ; w.Yks.5 To have walked leisurely down to the
station, and then found that the train had just that instant started,
would be pronounced 'a bonny goa.' Lan. Then he'll . . . get
dropped on, and a bonny hobble he'll be in, WESTALL Birch Dene
(1889) II. 19. s.Chs.1 Well, yo'm a bonny fellow. A bonny mess
yo'n made on it. nw.Der.1 This is a bonny mess. n.Lin. Thaay'd
bonny wark wi' him, an' noa mistaake, PEACOCK Tales and Rhymes
(1886) 93 ; n-Lin.1 You're a bonny creStur, you are ; this is the
tho'd time you've plaayed traun.
3. Well in health,, plump.
w.Yks.4 s.Chs.1 Oo)z gon in'tu kweyt u bon'i wimvun ; un
sich ii lit-1 wey -t-fee-st wensh uz bo woz ! [Hoo's gone into queite
a bonny woman ; an' sich a little wheite-feeced wench as hoo
was !] Stf.2 Ast sein ar Sal'z wens leitli ? ar iz getin 3 foin boni
wuman. sw.Lin.1 He's gotten a strange bonny man. Lei.1 Shr.1
Betty Jenkins praises 'er pastur's ; whad a bonny 66man 'er's
gwun ! e.An.1 Nrf.1 John Smith's mawther looked rarely bonny.
4. Of quantity : fair, considerable.
n-Yks.1 How far is it to Whitby, my man ?— Eh ! it's a bonny bit
yet ; n.Yks.2 Ay, he's a bonny bouk. Stf.2 Wein ad a boni lot a
teitarz Sis iar, az big az tarmits.
5. Bright, cheerful, pleasant.
Yks. GROSE (1790) JUS. add. (P. Der.2 e.An.1 We do net
include in [the word] the idea of comeliness. Ken., Sus., Hmp.
HOLLOWAY.
6. Comb, (i) Bonny deal, a great deal ; (2) — dies,
trinkets, toys ; (3) — gpo, spirited, lively ; (4) — laken,
a picture in a book, an illustration ; (5) — like, fine, good
to look at ; (6) — penny, a considerable sum ; (7) — seet,
a great deal ; (8) — wee, a good while.
(i) w.Yks.1 n.Lin.1 Ther's a bonny deal o' taaties to year.
Ther's been a bonny deal o' rain cum'd this maaydaay-time. i>
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.); The auld Bluegown that
mends all their bonnie-dies, SCOTT Antiquary (1816) xxi. e.Lth.
Bide a wee, hinnies, an' ye'll get a' thae bonny-dies for naethin,
HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) 91. (3) I.W.1 That's a bonny-goo
gelding; I.W.2 That's a bonnygoo boss o'yourn, varmer. (4 Dur.
T'four sides ez a' cuver'd wu what we ca' i' beaiks, bonnylakens,
EGGLESTONE Betty Podkins' Lett. (1876) 8. (5) Sc. A bonnie-like
thing it was, ... to see me, . . . raised up abune the folk's heads,
WHITEHEAD Daft Davie (1876) 24p, ed. 1894. n.Yks.2 '6) e.Sc.
Her widow's weeds cost her a bonny penny, SETOUN Sunshine
(1895) 245. n.Yks. (I.W.) ; n.Yks.2 It will cost a bonny penny.
e.Yks.1 n.Lin.1 I reckon he's lost a bonny penny oher that thcare
incloasin' job. (7) w.Yks. But t'moast ta t'railway stashan be
a bonny seet, Bairnsla Ann. (1859) 34 ; w.Yks. A good deal at
wark at they do wi ther hands ad be a bonny seet lazier for cm.
ib. (i860 39. (8xi Lnk. She stood a bonny wee, then ran away,
BLACK Falls of Clyde (1806) 107.
7. In phr. bonny and, used with advb. force before another
adj. : very, exceedingly. Cf. brave, braw.
w.Yks. Th' owdest brother an' sister luk bonny an faal, BICKER-
DIKE Beacon Aim. (1873) ; They luckt varry wecl, an' awve noa
daat felt bonny an praad, ib.
8. adv. Prettily, fairly, finely, well.
Elg. 1 gat a letter frae hersel', Blue-edged — an' bonny did she
spell, TESTER Poems (1865) 120. Frf. He began bonny, flinging
himself, like ane inspired, at the pulpit door, BARRIE Minister
(1891) iii. Fit His spanglet glairy-flairy vest ... He button'd
bonny round his waist, TENNANT Papistry (1827 42. Gall. The
House of Earlstoun sits bonny above the waterside, CROCKETT
Moss-Hags (1895) iv. Nhb. That smiles i' her face sae winsome
bonny, CHATT Poems (1866) 79. n.Yks.2 Bonny is that bonny diz,
Deny it if you can. ne.Yks.1 e.Yks.1 Hoo's thy wife ? — Oh, she's
bonny. w.Yks.1 Them men'll hev a bonny easy peddle, ii. 305.
Nrf. She's getting on bonny, Sir. JESSOPP Arcady (1887) vii.
9. int. An exclamation.
Yks. ' Bonni ! ' says Jack, INGLEDEW Ballads (1860) 274.
BONNY, sb.1 Yks. [bo-ni.] A swathe rake. Also
known as bonny-rake, a kind of large hay-making rake for
the hand, with a short handle and large curved iron teeth.
n,Yks. (I.W.I, w.Yks.2 s.Not. Called elsewhere a drag-rake
J.P.K.).
[Prob. due to Irish field-labourers. Cp. Ir. buana, a
mower, reaper ; buain, to reap, mow (O'REILLY). Cp. also
Celtic Corn, bony, a hatchet ; see STOKES Corn. Gloss.
in Trans. Phil. Soc. (1870].]
BONNY, sb* Wxf.i Also written boney. An able
person.
BONNY, sb.a Sc. (JAM.) A small quantity of anything.
Rnf., Rxb. But bonny o't like Bole's good mother, KELLY Prov.
(1721) 72.
BONNY BIRD EYE, sb. Cum. Name given to various
plants: (i) Veronica chamoedrys, speedwell; (2) Primula
/arittosa; (3) Cardant ine praiensis, cuckoo flower.
(i) Cnm.1 (a) Cum. HUTCHINSON Hist. Cum. (1794) I. App. 40.
(3) Cum.1
BONNY CLABBER, sb. Obs. Irel. Chs. Also written
boni thlobber Chs. Sour milk which has become thick.
Ir. It is of a pleasant sub-acid taste, very agreeable to the palate,
N. & Q. '18721 4th S. ix. 297. Uls. Ulster Jrn. Arch. ,1854) IL
283. Chs. Boni Thlobber is good milk gone thick, HOLME
Armory ^1688) III. 335.
[Bonny clabber, sour buttermilk, ASH (1795); We scorn,
for want of talk, to jabber, Of parties o'er our bonny-
clabber, SWIFT (JOHNSON) ; To drink such balderdash or
bonny-clabber, JONSON New Inn (1631) i. i, ed. Cunning-
ham, II. 342. Ir. baine, milk, cldba, thick (O'REILLY).]
BONNY WALLIES, sb. pi. Sc. Also written -wawlies,
bonywalys. Toys, gewgaws. See Wallies, sb. pi.
Sc. HERD Coll. Sngs. (1776) Gl. ; GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.);
A pleasanter abode than Glenallan House, wi' a' the pictures and
black velvet, and silver bonny-wawlies belanging to it, SCOTT
Antiquary (1816) xxix ; If you promise my Lord sae mony of these
bonnie wallies, we'll no be weel hafted here before we be found
out, ib. Pirate (1821) v.
BONOCH, sb. Sc. A binding for a cow's hind leg
when she is being milked.
Sc. You're ane o' Cow-meek's breed, you'll stand without a
bonoch. KELLY Prof. (1731) 371.
BONSPIEL
BONSPIEL, sb. Sc. Also written bonspeil Lth. A
contest at curling.
Sc. He never . . . gave another glance at the Bonspiel, though
there was the finest fun amang the curlers ever was seen, SCOTT
Guy M. (1815) xxxii ; N. & Q. ( 18721 4th S. ix. 217 ; The bonspel
o'er, hungry and cold, they hie To the next ale-house, GRAEME
Poems JAM."). Inv. (H.E.F. s, Lth. Our chief, whase skill an'
steady arm Gain mony a bonspiel dinner, Cries, ' Open wide !
Stand off behin' ! ' Curlers' 5ng. , STRATHESK More Hits f ed. 1885) 34.
[In the i6th cent, the word is used of a set match at
some game. Certamen, a strife or bonspale, DUNCAN
Efym. (1595) ; The kingis mother . . . tuik ane waigeour
of archerie vponn the Inglishmanis handis, contrair the
king hir sone. . . . The king heiring of this bonspeill of his
mother was weill content, LINDSAY Cron. Scot. (c. 1565)
348 (JAM.).]
BONUV, sb. Irel. Also written boniv, bonnive. A
young pig. Cf. bonham.
Ir. ' I think the little pigs — the — the — -Bonuvs,' says Mona,
mildly, going back to the Irish term for those interesting babies,
HUNGERFORD Mrs. Geoffrey (1884) 270 ; Three cows, and six sheep,
five fat bonivs, LUCAS Romantic Lover in Chapman's Mag. (Oct.
1895). Tip. Nor a pig, nor a bonnive, KICKHAM Knocknagoiv, 308.
[Ir. banabh, a sucking pig (O'REILLY). See Boneen.]
BONX, v. e.An. [bonks.] To beat up batter for
puddings.
e.An.1. Nrf.1 Ess. Gl. (1851) ; Ess.1
[Cp. Du. bonken, to beat (MULLER).]
BONXIE, sb. Sc. The common skua, Stercorarius
catarrhactes.
n.Sc. Its northern name is Bonxie, JOHNS Brit. Birds (1862)593.
Sh.1. The habits of the Bonxie are the same as those of the Richard-
son, Science Gossip (1865) 273 ; SWAINSON Birds (1885) 210.
S. & Ork.1
BONY -PRICK, sb. Lan.1 n.Lan.1 Written beeany-
prick. The stickleback. Cf. banstickle.
BOO, sb.1 Irel. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Cor. Also in form
boe(s Shr.1 ; booey Cor.2 : bouey Wor. [bu.] A louse.
Cf. bug.
N.I.1 Wor. WRIGHT. Shr.1, Hrf.2, Cor.12
[Fr. pou, pouil (in Montaigne), a louse, see LITTR£]
BOO, sb.2 Sh.I. A spell of weather, esp. if fine.
Sh.I. (Coll. L.L.B.) S. & Ork.1 A boo of waddir.
BOO, sb.a Sc. Also written bu QAM.). A bull
comp. (i) Boo-helly, the fifth day before Christmas
•lady, a cow ; (3) -teind, a tithe on cows.
(i) S. & Ork.1 Boo-helly is a sort of holiday, on the observance
of which the future safety of the cows was supposed to depend.
(2) Sc. (JAM.) (3) S. & Ork.i
BOO, sb.* Ags. (JAM.) [bu.] A farm-house ; a village.
Ags. Used in conjunction with the proper name, as • the Boo of
Ballingshaw.'
[Norw. dial, bol, farm-house, residence (AASEN).]
BOO, v. Sc. Irel. Yks. Lan. I.Ma. Der. Brks. Also
written bo, bu (JAM.), [bu.]
1. To roar, cry ; to talk noisily.
Sc. He boo'd awa' for an hour an' tell'd us naething (JAM.
Supfl.). w.Yks. He's booing like a cauf fS.K.C). I.Ma. Not to
be hidin' in yandhar place And booin like a sort o' disgrace,
BROWNE Doctor (1887) xxxv. Der.2, nw.Der.T
2. Of cattle: to low. Abd. (JAM.), e.Lan.1
Hence (i) Boo-hoo, (a) v. to cry, esp. in contempt ; (b)
sb. a cry of derision ; (2) Booing, vbl. sb. shouting ; a
disorderly noise ; the lowing of cattle.
(i, a) Kcd. O' gin I were a bairn again I think I wad boo-hoo,
GRANT Lays (1884) 18. e.Lth. Gillespie's pairty behaved theirsels
maist unseemly, hissinan' boo-hooin, HUNTER J. Inwick (,1895^ 29.
i b) Rxb. I wouldna gi' a boohoo for you QAM.^ . (2) Ir. Some chaps
began booin' an' shoutin', BARLOW Bog-land (1893) 130. Brks.1
BOOAD, v. n.Yks.2 [buad.] To imbibe beer. [Not
known to our correspondents.]
BOOADIL, see Boddle.
BOOAK, see Boke
BOOAN, see Aboon.
BOOARD, see Bode.
BOO AS, see Boose.
BOOBISH, adj. Cor.28 [bu'bij.] Lubberly.
[3391
BOODLE
in
(2)
BOOBUS, sb. Cor.12 Also in forms booba, boobun.
[bu'bas.] A wick for a small lamp.
BOOBY, sb. Lin. Lei. Brks. e.An. Ken. Sus. Hmp.
Som. Dev. Slang. Also written bubby Lin. Lei.1 [bvi'bi.]
1. An idle fellow ; a big child given to crying.
Dev. GROSE '1790 MS. add. (H.) nw.Dev.1 I wuddn be sich a
booby eef I waz you. Also called Cry baby, Looby.
2. In phr. to beat the booby, to warm oneself by striking
the outstretched arms across the breast.
Ken. (P.M.); (H.M^
3. A bundle of straw used for setting fire to furze, &c. ;
a bundle of rags used for smoking bees. Also in comp.
Booby-wad.
Dev. Make a booby-wad, Jan, and putt'n up in tree vor zmauk
the beggars out. Light the booby, and us'll zoon zet the vuz
avire, Reports Provinc. ( 1895).
4. Comp. (i) Booby-hutch (-otch), (a) a simpleton ; (b)
any clumsy carriage, usually one with a cover; see also
below; (2) -trap, a jug of water, &c., balanced on the top
of a half-open door, so as to fall upon a person entering.
In gen. use as slang,
(i, a) n-Lin.1 Cmb.1'*
What do you stand giggling there for — you
great booby-hutch? (b} Lin. BROOKES Tracts, 4. E.Lin. (J.T.B.)
Lei.1 [Used of] a hand-barrow, a small deep cart, a sentry-box, or
any movable ' coop' or ' hutch ' of any kind intended for the use of
a single human occupant. The carts drawn by dogs before the
passing of Martin's Act were often so called. e.An.1. Nrf.1 Ken.
0P.M.) ; Ken.1 Sns., Hmp. HOLLOWAY. w.Som.1 Beo-bee uuch is
a very common name for any quaint, uncomfortable vehicle. Of
an old-fashioned chaise : ' Where in the wordle d'ye pick up
thick there old booby 'utch?' \a) Brks.1 Slang. Nothing more
amusing than the young gentlemen's apple-pie beds and booby-
traps, Standard (Aug. 3, 1889 5, col. a.
BOOCE, see Boose.
BOOD, v. Sc. Irel. Also in forms bit, boot, boud,
bud, but (JAM.) ; see also below, [bud, but ; bud, but ;
bit, bit.]
1. Pret. (occas. used as pres.) Must, ought, used of moral
or logical necessity.
Sc. He had bit to lie doon, for he couldna staund, SWAN Gates of
Eden (1895) xiv. e.Sc. He bid to set him sails an' steer wi' the wind,
SETOUN Sunshine (1895 45. Abd. When she yeed hame, Boot say
she tint it, nor durst tell for shame, Ross Helenore (1768) 16, ed.
1812; In common use. He bit till ha' broken the window. He bitna
ta dee't [was not allowed to do it] (P.G.) ; He beed 'a be thocht
saucy, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871^ xxxviii. s.Sc. Byd implies
a logical or natural necessity ... in this respect differs from mcen,
maun, which expresses a necessity dependent upon the will of a
person, MURRAY Dial. (1873) 2J8- Rnf. Cupid was resolved on fun
And fun he buttohae. BARR Poems (1861) 204 ; As their father bet
to gang, Sae maun his callans leal, YOUNG Homely Pictures (1865
14. Rxb. And ilka ane boude hae her joe, RiDDKLLPoet. Wks. (ed.
1871 , II. 142 ; Fu' weel I ken'd a' night she budna stay, A. SCOTT
Poems 1,1811) 96 (JAM.). Gall. I kenned that it bood be something
else that was makkin him sae brisk, CROCKETT Stickit Min. 1,1893)
101. N.I.1 There be to be another man got to help. He be to do
it. Ant. It be to be Jane did that, Ballymena Obs. 1892).
2. In phr. bude (to) be, a necessity, a compulsory action.
s.Sc. It's a byd-tui-bey or byd-bey, MURRAY Dial. (1873) 218.
Cld. (JAM.)
[And armed bud bam all bee for angwischis o bestis,
Wars Alex. (c. 1450) 3793; Now bud it be alle in like
thynne, York Plays (c. 1400) 43. Bud, contr. fr. behoved.]
BOODER, see Boulder.
BOODGE, v. Obs.? Hrf. To stuff bushes into a
hedge.
Hrf. BOUND Prov. ( 1876 ; Hrf.1
BOODIE, sb. Sc. Irel. [bu'di.]
1. A ghost, hobgoblin.
Sc. He rins as gin I waraboodie, MACDONALD/?. Falconer 1868)
ii ; GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Bnff.1 Abd. About the time o'
night that the hoodies began to gang, FORBES Jrnl. (1742 16.
2. Comp. (i) Boodie-bo, (2) -man, a bugbear, a bogey,
(i) Abd. JAM.) (2) Ir. (G.M.H.)
3. A small and unattractive person. Bnff.1
BOODIE, see Bod.
BOODLE, see Buddie.
x x 2
BOODY
[34°]
BOOL
BOODY, sb. Nhb. Dur. Also Nhp. (?) Written bowdie
e.Dur.1 [bu'di.]
1. A broken piece of earthenware, used by children for
decorating their play-houses, &c.
Nhb. The Gyetshid Cooncil's geyn ti pot like little bits ov hoodie,
NIXON Gateshead Aim. (1883) ; Nhb.1 A whirlwind cam an' myed
a' souse, Like heaps o' babby hoodies, THOMPSON Jimmy Joneson's
Whorry. Nhp.1 Used by female children as ' play platters,' or
' play planchions.' Not gen, e.Dur.1
2. Comp. (i) Boody-house, a play-house decorated with
bits of earthenware ; (2) -pots, pieces of broken china.
(i) Nhb.1, Dur.1 (2) Dur.1
BOODY ANKERS, int. Nhb. An exclamation of sur-
prise or delight.
Nhb.1 Boodyankers ! here's a traikle bar! brust [chorus of
juveniles at a shop door].
BOOEY, see Boo.
BOOF, sb.1 Yks. Lan. Also written bufe e.Yks. ;
buff e.Lan.1 ; bugh n.Yks.1 ne.Yks.1 [biuf, buf, biaf.]
1. The bough of a tree. See Biff.
n.Yks.1 ne.Yks.1 T'stee whemm'Id, an t'beeaf brak, an" ah
tumm'ld soss inti t'beck. e.Yks. MARSHALL Kur. Econ. (1788).
Lan. I clam hop tree in o' snift. ... Us soyne us e geet to th' boof
I thawt I'd hutch forrut, PAUL BOBBIN Sequel (1819 14 ; Lan.1
e.Lan.1
2. The shaft of a cart. '
s.Lan. BAMFORD Dial. (1850). Lan.1
BOOF, sb* Sc. Lin. Also written bouff Bnff.1 A
stupid, clumsy fellow.
Bnff.1 Lin. MILLER & SKERTCHLY Finland (1878) iv ; Lin.1
Now then, boof, where are you coming to ?
Hence Bouffin, sb. a big, stout person.
Bnff.1 The word conveys a slight notion of contempt and
ill-will.
BOOFF, sb. and v. Fif. (JAM.) 1. sb. A stroke causing
a hollow sound. 2. v. To strike, esp. with the hand, so
as to cause a hollow sound.
BOOG, see Bug.
BOOGE, see Bouge.
BOOGHT, see Bought.
BOOGTH, see Bougth, Boukth.
BOOIN, sb. w.Yks. [buin.]
1. A booth or tent where wares are exposed for sale.
w.Yks. Common at Wakefield, Yks. IVkfy. Post (Sept. 19, i8g6\
2. A cow-stall.
w.Yks. Obsol. orobs. (M.F.) ; w.Yks.3
BOOIN, see Boon, Bowens.
BOOIS, see Boose.
BOOIT, see Boot.
BOOK, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also
written beuk Sc. Cum. n.Yks.2 ; buik Sc.
1. The Bible. In phr. to take the Book, to conduct family
worship ; to lift the Books, to withdraw from a church.
Sc. Seat himself in the preacher's place, and take the Beuk,
CROMEK Remains (1810) 19 (JAM.). Per. When the supper-time
was o'er, The Beuk was tane, NICOLL Poems (1837^ 83, ed. 1843.
Frf. I'll tak' the Beuk, an' the psalm-beuk in bye, LAING Wayside
Firs. (1846) 28. Ayr. Cry the book is wi' heresy crammed,
BURNS Kirk's Alarm ; He saved a public scandal by lifting his
books and . . . resigning his membership, JOHNSTON Kilmallie (1891^
II. 125. Lnk. We'll through the window look, And see if they're
to bed— They're at the book! BLACK Falls of Clyde ^1806) 105.
Gall. Hoping he would get his porridge before the ' Buik ' came on^
CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (1895) 183 ; ' Taking the Beuk ' is a familiar
phr. (A.W.) Cum. The Beuk says God hath meade o yen blood
a' the nations o' the earth, BURN Fireside Crack (1886) 12. Sus.1
The Bible is almost always thus spoken of by old people. ' I
always read a bit of my Book before I goos to bed."
2. A rate or assessment. Obs. Sus.1
3. Comp. (i) Book-body, a learned person; (2) -cham-
bers, see below ; (3) -lare (lear), see Book-learning ; (4)
•leared, (5) -learned, educated, learned; (6) -learning,
knowledge gamed from books; schooling; (7) -wise,
educated, learned ; (8) -worm, a registrar of births.
(i) n.Yks.2 (2) Slang. In Winchester School, a particular time
for preparation of work on certain days in summer, spent by
college boys in their 'chambers,' and commoners in their hall
(A.D.H.) ; The times were 9-11 a.m. and 3-5 p.m.on'remidays.'and
3-5 p.m. on ' half remidays,' SHADWELL Wyke. Slang (1859-1864).
(3) Sc. A man who has never been taught to read says ' I gat nae
buik-lare" (JAM.) ; My legs and arms stood me in more stead than
either my gentle kin or my book-lear, SCOTT Leg. Mont. (1830) ii.
Edb. A truer judge on anything connected with book-lear . . .
does not breathe the breath of life, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) i.
Gall. He's fu o' buik-lear, but wi' little gracious experience,
CROCKETT Stickit Min. (1893) 67. n.Yks.2 (4) Sc. I'll tell you.
but a lie, I'm no book-lear'd, NICOL Poems (1739') 84 (JAM.). Abd.
Book-lear'd men, like you, ha'e clearer een, SHIRREFS Poems
1790) 124. (5) Abd. Buik-leern't fowk like 'im, ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb (1871) xxx. Cum. Yer buik-larn'd wise gentry,
GILPIN Ballads (1874) 144. n.Yks.2, e.An.2 (6) Oxf.1 MS add.
Sur. No class perhaps in which there is less of what is called
' book-learning,' HOSKYNS Talpa (1857) 181 ; Snr.1 1 don't see the
good of all that book-learning. (.7) n.Yks.2 (s.v. Beuk-Ieearnt.) (8)
Rnf. Thinkin' o' my wife an' bairnie, I'd be aff . . . Whan the
beuk-worm taen to warn me, NEILSON Poems (1877) 38. [Not
known to our correspondents.]
4. In phr. (i) Book of hard names, an account-book ; (a)
to be in or out of one's books, to be in or out of favour ; to
owe money ; (3) to say off book, to repeat.
(i ) War.2, se.Wor.1 'a) nXin.1, Nhp.1. War.3 (3 w.Yks.1
5. In pi. a pack of playing cards.
ne.Yks. In common use (M.C.F.M.). w.Yks. (M.F.), War.3
BOOK, v. Sc. Also written beuk, buik. To register
a couple in the Session records, previous to the procla-
mation of banns.
n.Sc. (W.G. _ Abd. She a bride was lately beukit, STILL Cottar's
Sunday (1845) 58 ; Auld Tarn Gray has buiket young May Mason,
Guidman Inglismaill (1873 38. Frf. Our friend Archie Allan was
beuket yestreen, LAING Wayside Firs. (1846) aa. Ayr. His
brother and Betty Bodle were to be bookit on Saturday, GALT
Entail (1823) xxvii.
Hence (i) Buikit, ppl. adj. ' booked ' for proclamation ot
banns ; (21 Booking, vbl. sb. the act of recording the names
of a couple for marriage ; also a feast held on that occa-
sion ; (3) Bookan-nicht, the evening on which names are
' booked.'
(i) Kcd. I'm a buiket man as surely As the sexton rings the
bell, GRANT Lays (1884) 88. (2) Sc. The merry-making is held in
the home of the bride after the act of booking has been accom-
plished (JAM. £«/>/>/.). Abd. Peter had gone to Jonathan Tawse on
the buikin nicht, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xxxix. Ayr.
We can arrange a' about the booking, and the buying o' your
bridal braws, GALT Lairds (1826) xxx. (3) n.Sc. On this night
there used among some to be a little feast (W.G. \
BOOK(TH, see Bouk(th.
BOOL, sb.'1 Sc. Ire!. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Der.
Lin. Lei. War. Wor. e.An. Also written boul Sc. ; bule
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Cum. Wm.1 Yks. Lan.1 e.Lan.1 Der.2 nw.Der.1
Lei.1 War.3 Wor. [bul, biul.]
1. The curved handle of a bucket, kettle, &c. Cf. bail,
sb.1
Gall. A tin can that she was carryin' by the bool, CROCKETT
Haiders (1894) xxiii. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Com. This bucket it's sae
full, wulta tak hoal o' t'tudder seyde o' t*bule (E.W.P.). Wm.
T'fella let his creak doon t'chimli, en tudder heeaked it ont pan
bool en off t'pan went up t'chimia, TAYLOR Sketches (1882) 15;
Wm.1 The part of a corfe [miners' basket] about which the clives
are clasped for hoisting. w.Yks. A tin cup wi a lang bule to it
[a saucepan] (A.C.); T'boolo' this boocket iscowd(F.P.T.). Lan.
Th' ghreyt black two bule'd sylibewk pot, PAUL BOBBIN Sequel
(1819) 40 ; Lan.1 At Lancaster [applied to] the flat wooden handle
of an osier market-basket. n.Lan. T'pan bul's brokn (W.S.).
ne.Lan.1, e.Lan.1 Midi. MARSHALL Kur. Econ. (1796% Der.2,
nw-Der.1, Lei.1, War.3 ne.Wor. Obsol. (J.W.P.) Snt (F.H.)
2. The handle of a cup or jug.
Sc. 'To come to haund like the boul o' a pint stoup' is a prov.,
indicating that a thing comes as easily and pleasantly as a handle
of a drinking-vessel does to the hand of the toper, GROSE (1790)
MS. add. (C.) Edb. As plain as the bool of a pint stoup, MOIR
Mansie Wauch (1838) i. Lan. Still in common use, but being
rapidly supplanted (S.W.).
3. A movable handle for lifting a pot; a pot-hook.
Usually in pi.
Sc. Also called clips (JAM.). Or.I. The bools hang ower his
breest, Doun fae the pot, Paety ToraFs Travellye (1880) 1. 155, in
BOOL
BOON
ELLIS Pronunc. (1889) V. 801. Abd. Rax doon the bools, link up
the cruik. Hang on yer tatie bree, Goodwife ',1867^ st. 39. N.I.1
4. The bow of a key, or of scissors. N.I.1
5. A child's hoop.
ne.Lan.1 n.Lin.1 When we was bairns, we ewsed to goa to th'
coopers an" buy wooden cask-hoops for bools.
6. The iron staples on a boat's oars for working on the
thole-pins. Nhb.1
7. The iron plate attached to the oars of keels and
wherries.
Nhb.1 The bool has a round eye in its centre, and through this
the thole-pin passes.
[1. Ye boule of a potte, ansa, capulum, LEVINS Manip.
(1570). Cp. Du. bogel, a collar of yron (HEXHAM) ; MLG.
oogel, a ring, a curve (SCHILLER-LUBBEN) ; Bavar. dial.
bugel, 'annulus' (SCHMELLER).]
BOOL, sb.2 Sc. A term of contempt for an old man ;
a thick-set man or boy.
Sc. Some said he was a camsheugh bool, WILSON Poems (1790)
203 (JAM.). n.Sc. He's a keen bool o' a fairmer W.G.). ne.Sc.
Mr. Wilson, that wis schulemaister afore ye, wis a gay surly bool,
GRANT Keckleton, 96. Edb. The father looked to be a rich old bool,
MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) xvii.
BOOL, v.1 Sh.I. Of fish : to play on the surface of the
water.
Sh.I. 'At bool an jimp, BURGESS Rasmie (1891) 102 ; ( Coll.
L.L.B.) S. & Ork.1
[Norw. dial, bola, to bubble ; bola, a bubble (AASEN).]
BOOL, v? Sc. (JAM.) Also written bule. To weep
with continuous noise ; to drawl in singing.
Rxb. To bule an' greet. Bulin' at a sang. 'Ere ever I wist he
has my bannet whipped aff, and is booling at a sawm [psalm],'
HOGG Brownie of Bodsbeck (1818) II. 47.
[Singing-men that ... in churches or chapels may roar,
bool, bleat, yell, BECON (1563) Wks. II. 390 (DAV.I. Cp.
Sw. bola, to bellow, to low (WIDEGREN).]
B.OOL, see Bole, Boul, Bowl.
BOOLAAG, sb. Sh.I. A race, kindred, family; a
breed of cattle.
S. & Ork.1 The word is used only in a disreputable sense.
[Cp. Sw. bolag, partnership, cohabitation (SERENIUS).
Norw. dial, bulaff, joint housekeeping (AASEN).]
BOOLACH, sb. Sh.I. A pimple.
Sh.I. In common use (K.I.). S. & Ork.1
[Cp. Norw. dial, bola, a pimple (AASEN). See Bool, v.1]
BOOLED OARS, phr. Irel. A kind of oar used by
the Scotch quarter fishermen at Carrickfergus. See
Bool, sb.1 6.
N.I.1 Booled oars are those which row, two at one beam ; upon
each oar is fastened a piece of oak timber, the length of such part
of the oar as is worked within the boat ; which timber enables
them to- balance the oar so that they row with greater ease,
McSxiMiN Hist. Carrickfergus.
BOOLER, sb. Yks. Lan. [bu-la(r).] A child's hoop.
See Bool, sb.1 5.
n.Yks. (I.W.), e.Yks.1 Lan.1 The hoop is gen. made from
pieces of wood similar to those used for the handles of osier
market-baskets.
BOOLIES, sb. pi. Nhb.1 Potsherds. See Boody.
BOOLY, see Bully.
BOOM, sb. Suf. [bum.] A blow. Hence Boomer,
sb. a hard blow.
Suf. Say that again, and I'll give you a boom in the eye. He
hit me a reg'lar boomer (F.H.).
BOOM, num. adj. Obs. Wm. Also written buom,
buum. Fifteen. Used by shepherds when scoring sheep.
Wm. Used in combination with Yaan, Tyaan, Taed'ere, Maedere,
to form the numerals 16 [Yaan-e-boon], 17, 18, and 19, Trans.
Cum. Arch. Soc. (1877) 390; LUCAS Stud.Nidderdale (c. 1882) 38.
[Cp. Wei. pump, five ; pymtheg, fifteen.]
BOOMER, sb* War.3 Anything very large of its kind.
Cf. banger.
BOOMER, sb.2 Obs. Nhb. Smuggled gin.
N.Cy.1 (ed. 2, s. v. Boomer). So called from a place in Nhb.
(Boulmer). Nhb.1 The connection of Boulmer with smuggling
was formerly proverbial ; not only [in] gin, but all kinds of taxed
commodities.
BOOME-TREE, sb. Nhb. Applied specifically to a
large tree.
Nhb. Tales Hist. Alnwick (1868) II. 148 ; The name is given to
a great tree in the township of Ulgham .R.O.H.) ; Nhb.1 A
venerable [ash] tree which stood in the wall of the churchyard at
Alnwick. It was blown down on i7th February, 1836.
BOON, s*.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb. In form buind Dmf. QAM.)
[bun.]
1. A band of reapers, ' shearers,' or turf-cutters. Cf.
bond, sb?
Dmf. The absurd nonsense of 'a boon of shearers' being turned
into large grey stones on account of their kemping [striving1,
BRAND Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1849) II. 33. Dmf., Lth. (JAM.) Rxb.
Wha shene the bob o' a' the boon, She was sae buskit braw, A.
SCOTT Poems (1808) 98. N.I.1, Uls. (M.B.-S.) Ant. There may
be five, six, or more or less reapers in a boon, each shearing his
ridge of corn, Ballymena Obs. (1892) ; (S.A.B.) s.Don. SIMMONS
Gl. (1890). Nhb.1 There is a contest among the maidens in the
boon or gang of reapers, BROCKIE Leg. in.
2. Comp. Boon-dinner, dinner given on the harvest-field
to a band of reapers.
Sc. The youths and maidens . . . waited a serious and lengthened
blessing from the good-man of the- boon-dinner, Blackw. Mag.
(July, 1820) 375 (JAM.).
BOON, sb.2 and v. Obsol. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Chs. Der. Not. Lin. Rut. Also Ken. Wil. Also in
form been S. & Ork.1; bean m.Yks.1; beun N.Cy.2 Nhb.1 ;
beunn Cum.1 ; booin w.Yks.3 ; booyn w.Yks.4
1. sb. Service, in kind or in labour, paid by a tenant to
his landlord, or to the lord of the manor.
N.Cy.1, Cnm.1, n.Yks.12 w.Yks.1; w.Yks.4 Fowl and sometimes
labour given over and above the rent.
2. Voluntary help, given to a farmer by his neighbours,
in time of harvest, haymaking, &c.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). Wm.1 Yks. Come, let's give him a boing,
Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 8, 1884) 8. w.Yks. SCATCIJERD Hist.
Morley (ed. 1874) 168 ; w.Yks.2 Given to a new tenant, or to one
behindhand with his work ; w.Yks.3 To give a booin'. Der.1,
sw-Lin.1
8. In pi. Highway rates.
Lin. A'. & Q. (1884) 6th S. x. 74.
4. Comp. (i) Boon-coals, coals distributed to the poor ;
(2) -day, (a) a day of gratuitous help given to a neighbour ;
(b) a day on which tenants were obliged to work for the
landlord ; also the service so rendered ; (c) a day when
parishioners repair the highway ; (3) -hock, the harvest-
work which a tenant was forced to give his landlord ; (4)
•man, a dispenser of gifts ; an almoner ; (5) -maister, a
surveyor of highways ; (6) -plough, (7) -ploughing, a day's
work of ploughing, given to a farmer in need of help, or
to a landlord ; (8) -service, personal service to a landlord ;
(9) -shearing, voluntary assistance in shearing ; (io)
•wain, a highway cart; (n) -work, service rendered to
a landlord in payment of rent ; see also below.
(i) Not.3 (a, a) Nhb.1 On these occasions the teams vie with
each other in appearance and in the work of the day. Horses are
specially groomed and gaily decorated with rosettes and coloured
ribbons. Cum. (M.P.) Wm.1 Yks. Yks. Wkly. Post (1883).
m.Yks.1, nw.Der.1, sw-Lin.1 (6) N.Cy.1 Vast quantities of land in
the «. counties, particularly in Cum., are held under lords of
manors by customary tenure, subject to the payment of fines and
heriots, and the performance of various duties and services on the
boon-days. Nhb.1 Cum. Tenants are bound to the performance
of various services, called boon-days, such as getting and leading
the lord's peats, plowing and harrowing his land, reaping his
corn, haymaking, carrying letters, &c. , Reports Agric. (1793-1813) ;
Cum.1 n.Yks. To lead or carry with their teams, in the customary
days, called boon-days, TUKE Agric. 1800) 61 ; n-Yks.1 Chs.1
Ken. So called on the Winchelsea estate some years ago. The
service was rendered by horses and men, for a certain number of
days in the year (P.M.). Wil.1 Certain days during winter on
which farmers on the Savernake estate were formerly bound to
haul timber for their landlord. (c) Yks. GROSE (1790) MS. add.
(P.) e.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 21, 1891) ; e.Yks.1 MS. add.
(T.H.) ne.Lan.1, n-Lin.1 (3) S. & Ork.1 (4) n.Yks.2 Obs. (5)
n.Lin.1 (6) Wm.1 We're gaan to hev a boon-ploo nesht week.
Lan.1 nXan.1 A custom of very frequent occurrence in Furness.
[The day] ends in jollity, the recipient finding entertainment for
all (7) Cnm. Every spring there are numerous instances of Boon-
BOON
[342]
BOOSE
ploughing days (M.P.). Wm. (B.K.), ne.Lan.1 8) Lan. Many
farms are held by leases on three lives . . . and a small annual rent
reserved, and sometimes an addition of boon-services, MARSHALL
Review (1818) I. 275. (9) Lan.1 (10) Lin. N. &Q. 1884) 6th S. x.
74. (nl n.Yks. In the way of boon-work he had to give two
days' labour, hoeing or weeding, ATKINSON Old Whitby (1894)
174. Chs. Almost every farmer had formerly to do a certain
amount of what was called boon-work, Chs. N. & Q. C'SSs)
III. 7 ; Chs.1 Fast becoming obs. In farm agreements of thirty or
forty years ago there was almost invariably a clause binding the
tenant to do a certain number of days' boon-work for his landlord,
the number of days being regulated by the size of the farm.
Before the present Highway Act came into force, farmers used to
work off a portion or even the whole of their highway rates by
doing boon-work upon the roads. It was formerly very much the
custom for the farmers in a parish to club together to cart the
year's supply of coals for the blacksmith ; and this also was
spoken of as boon-work. As an equivalent the blacksmith often
sharpened the plough irons free of charge ; Chs.8 In former times
the tenant kept acock for his landlord, and a dog. The landlord's
geese and pigs were turned into the tenant's fields after the crops
were removed. A tenant also brought his landlord every year
a cheese or a goose.
5. v. To render voluntary help to a neighbour.
Der.1 Rut.1 To help another, e.g. in getting in hay.
6. To render service for a landlord.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.2, Nhb.1, n.Yks.1 [(K.)]
7. To mend a highway.
n.Der. ./V. £?• Q. (1881) 6th S. iv. 358. Lin. MORTON Cyclo. Agric.
(1863) ; STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes (1884) 318 ; Vox agro Lin.
usitata, SKINNER (1671). n.Lin. SUTTON Wds. 1881 ; n.Lin.1 I'd
hev all cheches pull'd doon to boon th' roads wi'.
Hence Booning, vbl. sb. rendering service, (i) to a
neighbour, (2) to a landlord, (3) on the highway.
(i) w.Yks.5 Nhp.1 Going a booning. sw.Lin.1, Rut.1 (2) w.Yks.1
It [a cart] wor crazy an wankle enif wi' boonin for t'landlord, ii.
286. Lin. This kind of service was rendered esp. to clerical land-
lords ; and many farmers agree, as part of their rent, to lead so
many loads of coal or anything else from the market town, to find
horses and waggons to lead their landlords' hay, and to perform
other such work, N. (f Q. (i88r, 6th S. iv. 13. ^3, Lin. MORTON
Cyclo. Agric. 1863); Farmers who preferred it might work out
all or part of their rates by sending a man with a horse and cart
to lead gravel or do other work on the roads. ... At the end of the
week [credit was given] in a proper account book to the various
parties for so many days' booning, N. & Q. ^1881) 6th S. iv. 13.
[1. Corvee, a boon, or bound ; a toilsome and drudging
daies work, lent unto a friend, or (more prop.) due by a
vassal or tenant, COTGR. 4. (2, b) The custom was here
for the natives and cottagers to plow and harrow for the
lord, and to work one boon-day for him every week in
harvest, BLOUNT Anc. Tenures (1679) 153. 7. To boon,
vias hyeme corruptas aestate reparare, COLES (1679) ; Item
for bred to the boners att Epurstenour for castyng erth
and beyrers yerof by iii dayes the xijth day of Marche,
xjd, Nott. Rec. (1494) III. 273. _ ON. ban, a prayer; cp.
OE. ben, a prayer, as in ben-np, the service of reaping
gratuitously ; see Bene, sb.]
BOON, see Aboon, Bun.
BOONAVARA, sb. S. & Ork.1 In phr. to keep in
boonavara, to reserve, to economize.
[Cp. ON. bunatir, housekeeping, equipment, and vara,
wares.]
BOOND, sb. S. & Ork.1 Also in form bond-. A
peasant, a small farmer. Also in comp. Boonds-folk,
peasantry, country people.
[ON. bondi, peasant, husbandman.]
BOONDED, see Bown(d.
BOON-HEAD, BOONMOST, see Aboon.
BOONYED, ppl. adj. Or.I. Equipped, in complete
order.
Or.I. Still used. Boonyed f'ae tap to tae, ELLIS Pnmunc. (1889)
V. 805, 810.
[Cp. ON. bua, to make ready ; buinn, pp. ready; bitnaSr,
equipment.]
BOONZY, int. Yks. [bu'nzi.] Exclamation of sur-
prise.
e.Yks.1 Boonzy ! what's up noo t.
BOOR, sb. Lin. [bua(r).] The woody material in
which the fibre of flax and hemp is enclosed.
n.Lin.1 When the flax was to be prepared for use, the seed was
taken from it by means of a mill ; the boor was taken from it by
other machines, STONEHOUSE /. Axholme, 29.
BOOR, v. Oxf.1 Brks.1 [bua(r).] To walk very fast,
in phr. boorin' along.
BOORD, see Bode.
BOORDLY, see Buirdly.
BOOREY, sb. Nhb. Also fn_ forms bowery, brewery
Nhb.1; bowrie e.Dur.1 [bu'ri, bua'ri.] A ring of marbles ;
a game at marbles.
Nhb. Aw mun noo set ye on tar in The gam' o' the boorey o'
life, Keelman's Ann. <; 1869) 93; Nhb.1 A ring is drawn, and on
its circumference and in its centre are placed common marbles.
The player ' fires' from the • past,' or starting mark, and all the
marbles knocked outside the ring become his own. The marble
rests where it has stopped till the next player has had his ' shot.'
When all the shots but one have been cleared, the player next in
order has the option of ' a lie ' ; this is done by laying his ' tar '
inside the boorey and close to the 'shot.' At his next turn he
' fires ' so as to knock out the ' shot ' and lay his ' tar ' as near as
possible to the ' tar ' of the player who holds the greatest number
of shots, at which he now ' fires.' and if he makes a successful hit,
or 'kill,' he wins the game. e.Dur.1
[Boorey, brewery, ' a ring,' may be compared w. burrow
and brough, a circle of light about the moon ; see N.E.D.
Burrowe, orbiculus, also Burwhe, sercle, Prompt.}
BOORICK, see Bourach.
BOORLY, adj. and adv. Obs. > Nhb. Yks.
1. adj. Of persons : rough, boorish. [Not known to our
correspondents.]
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) Suppl. ; N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, w.Yks.1
2. adv. Clumsily, roughly.
w.Yks. Spreead table-cloth a bit boorly, CARR Horae Mom. Crav.
11824) 23i ed. 1834.
BOOR-TREE, see Bour-tree.
BOOS, s6. pi. S. & Ork.1 The shoulders of a horse._
[ON. bogr, the shoulder of an animal. Cp. OE. boh
(bog-), the shoulder (of a ram), a bough.]
BOOSCHT, sb. Bnff. [bujt] A small and lively
person ; a talkative person. See Buist.
Bnff.1 He's a gangin' booscht o' a mannie.
BOOSE, s*.1 Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Der. Lei. Also written beace e.Yks. ; beeas, bewce,
bewse w.Yks.; beuss Cum.1; bis Ant.; boise w.Yks.;
booasWm.; boois w.Yks.; bouse Nhb. ; b.oyse w.Yks.4;
buess N.Cy.1 Nhb.1; buis(e Nhb.1 Cum.; buse N.Cy.1
Nhb.1; buos Cum. [bus, bius.]
1. A stall for a horse or cow ; the upper part of the
stall, where fodder is placed. See Boost, Boosing,
Boosy.
N.I.1 Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892). n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.1
Nhb. Each [wagon] drops its burden into the bouse-teams ; that
is, into a range of open stalls, WHITE Nhb. (1859 )46 ; Nhb.1 A cow
boose. A hay boose. s.Dur. (J.E.D.) Cum. Their naigs frae th'
buoses brought. STAGG Misc. Poems (1805) Bridewain ; Cum.1
Wm. He hes a conny hause, . . . boos swept en band hung up,
WHEELER Dial. ed. 1821) 53; Yan [cow] wod gang intet rang
booas, Spec. Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 4 ; (B.K.) ; Wm.i Yks. THORESBY
Lett.(i-jo3. n.Yks. Tee yon bullock up i't far buse ,W.H.N,. e.Yks.
MARSHALL Rur Ecoit. (1788). w.Yks. There you see the Redstake
in the Bewse, LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) 31 ; He braads
o' th' dog i' t'boose [is like the dog in the manger], CARR Horae
Mom. Crav. (1824) 24 ! w.Yks.1 There's roum enif an booses plenty
theear. ii. 293 ; w.Yks.35, Lan.1 n.Lan. Dhat rad kau bus iz auar
lail for har (W.S. ; n.Lan.1. neJLan.1, e.Lan.1 Chs.1 Oo likes the
boose, but not the ring-stake, Prov. 453 ; Chs.23 Der.1 When
a man weds a second wife, older [than] and perhaps not so hand-
some as the first, they say, ' he has put Browney into Cherry's
boose'; Der.2, nw.Der.1, Lei.1
2. Comp. (i) Boose-cheese, cheese made before the cows
are turned out to grass in the spring ; (2) -head, the head
of a cow-stall ; (3) -seal, a piece of wood or a chain, by
which a cow is fastened in the stall ; (4 ) -stake, a stake in
a cow-house.
(i) Chs.1 Called occas. 'Boozy cheese." (2) n.Yks. Noo at
we've gitten beos oot we mun hev't buse-heeads clean'd oot
BOOSE
[3431
BOOT
(W.H.). (3) e.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov. ai, 1891) ; w.Yks.3
(4) w.Yks.23
3. Fig. A scat at table ; a bed ; a situation, place,
position.
Ant. A snug boose, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
Cum. Wm. When a child is born in houses where attendance is
limited, it used to be jestingly observed that the next youngest
'must now stand in Hawkie buise,' i.e. farther off its mother (M. P. .
w.Yks. He's lookin eawt fur a bettur boose (D.L.). Lan. Are yo
gotten sattle't into yor booses ? WAUGH Owd Cronies, 215. c.Lan.
[Of the rejection of an M.P. at election time :] They'll ha' to find
him another boose, AT. & Q. ',1874) 5th S. i. 6. Der.2
4. In phr. to get into Cherry's boose, to get into a ' warm
berth' or comfortable situation. Chs.123
Hence Boosey, adj. Of cheese : having the flavour and
consistence of a ' boose ' cheese.
Chs.1 I think it tayses rather boosey.
[Boose, a word us'd in some places for an ox-stall or
cow-stall, PHILLIPS (1706) ; Boose, stall, bouile, LEVINS
Manip. (1570) ; Watj neuer so blysful a bour as watj a bos
|>enne, Cleanness (c. 1360) 1075, in Allit. P., ed. Morris, 67.
OE. *bds (whence bosig, see Boosy, sb.) ; cp. ON. bass,
G. banse ; see Bense, so.2]
BOOSE, sb.2 and v. Sc. Also written booce. [bus.]
1. sb. Force, energy ; a bounce.
Sh.I. (Coll. L.L.B.) S. & Ork.1 To come into a house with a
boose. Bnff. He cam in wi' a booss (W.G.).
2. v. To bustle about, to be violent in action ; to push.
Sh.I. A lyrie comes an booyes trou da steid [a red coal-fish comes
and pushes through the mass], BuRGESS./?as»z«(.i89i) 102. Bnff.
She took the bung an boosst but an ben the fleer as gehn she wiz
widd (W.G.).
Hence (i) Boosam, adj. busy, active ; (2) Boosan, vbl.
sb. bustling, moving about ; (3) Boosin,///. adj. bouncing,
active.
(i) S. & Ork.1 (2) n.Sc. Sic a boossan oot an in she keepit a'
day (W.G.). (3) Sh.I. But an ben, Boo9in Baabie [Barbara],
BURGESS Rasmie (1891) 51. S. & Ork.1 n.Sc. She's a boosin lass
(W.G.).
[Cp. Sc. pouss, to push ; Fr. pousser.}
BOOSE, see Booze.
BOOSEN, see Boosing.
BOOSEY, see Boosy.
BOOSHIE, int. Sh.I. A call to cows.
Sh.I. In common use (K.I.) ; S. & Ork.1
BOOSING, sb. Chs. Der. Lei. Nhp. War. Glo. Oxf.
Som. Also written boosen Der.2 ; boozing Chs.1 Nhp.1 ;
bosen Der.2 ; bossin War. ; bousen Oxf. ; bouzen Glo.1 ;
bowsen Glo. ; bowsin Som. [bu'zin.]
L A cow-shed ; a cattle-stall ; a feeding-rack or cattle-
trough. See Boose, Boost, Boosy.
Midi. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796). Der.2, nw.Der.1, Lei.1
Nhp.1 Yon need not feed the cows, there's hay left in the boozing ;
Nhp.2 War. (J.R.W.) Glo. Owld Dan'l starts off fur the
bowsen, an' fetches hisself a stick for to drive's cow back wi',
BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn (1890 i xv ; Very common in ». Cottes-
wolds, but does not seem to be used in the Vale (S.S.B.j ; Glo.1
Oxf.1 A feeding-rack for cows placed against the whole length of
a wall, or building, often made of • nut-tree ' wood, and built from
the ground, MS. add. Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
2. Comp. (i) Boosing-field, a field close to the cow-
houses, used for feeding the cattle ; (2) -stake, a stake to
which cattle are fastened in a cow-house.
(i) Chs. Chs. N. & Q. 1.1883) III. 8 ; Chs.1 The Chs. custom of
tenure of a farm is to enter and leave the land on the 2nd of Feb.,
and the house, buildings, garden, and boozing field on the I2th of
May. The boozing field is selected by the landlord, and is gen.
as near as possible to the outbuildings for the convenience of
turning the cattle out to water and for exercise, (a) Midi. MAR-
SHALL Rur. Econ. (1796). Chs. Chs. N. &• Q. (1882) I. 229. Der.2,
nw.Der.1
BOOSSOK, see Bussock.
BOOST, sb. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Not. Also
written beust, bust N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 ; buist Cum. [bust.J
1. A cow-stall ; a manger at the head of a stall. See
Boose, Boosing, Boosy.
N.Cy.', Nhb.1, Cum. (J.Ar. , w.Yks.2 Lan. MORTON Cyclo.
Agric. Lan.1 One of the everyday prov. in use here [Goosnargh,
in the Fylde] is : ' A famine begins in the cow boost,' FISHWICK
Hist. Goosnargh (1871) xi. e.Lan.1, Chs.1, Not. W.H.S.)
2. A bed. m.Lan.1
3. Fig. A place, ' berth,' position.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.' w.Yks. He's got a good boost S.O.A.) ; w.Yks.2
Sometimes used in a secondary sense, as when a father, playing
with his children, says ' Come into t'boost ' [between my knees].
BOOST, v. Sh. & Or.I. and sw.Sc. Also written
buist, bust, [bust] yd sing, (improp. used in ist sing.}
Must, ought, used of moral or logical necessity. See Bood.
S. & Ork.1 Or.I. (JAM.) Ayr. When in my wooing pride I like
a blockhead boost to ride, BURNS Inventory (1786); I fear that
with the geese I shortly boost to pasture, ib. Dream (1786). Dmf.
He beside himsel' buist be, QUINN Heather Lintie (ed. 1863) 79.
Wgt. He bust to do't JAM.).
[Him bus haue warnes him with of wit & of mynde,
Wars Alex. (c. 1450) 3354 ; This bus duly be done, Dest.
Troy (c. 1400) 5643; For oj>er writhes bos ('most' in
Cotton. MS.) o}>er tymber make, Cursor M. (c. 1300)
333- Bos contr. fr. behoves.}
BOOSTERING, adj. Som. Dev. Cor. [boe'starin.]
1. Bustling, active ; labouring so as to perspire.
w.Som.1 Her'samaainboosterin sort of a umman. n.Dev. Wonc
mussen olweys be a boostering, must a ? Exm. Scold. 1746) 1 295 ;
's a bibbling, boostering, brinded chap, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867)
st. 85. Dev.1
2. Of work : hard, exhausting.
Cor. 'Tes boostering work, J. TRENOODLE Spec. Dial. (1846) 41 ;
Cor.12
BOOSTIS, see Bustious.
BOOSY, sb. Yks. Chs. Stf. Der. Won Shr. Hrf. Also
written boosey Der. w.Wor.1 Shr.12 Hrf.2 ; boozie (K.) ;
boozy Chs.1 s.Chs.1 [bu'zi.]
1. The manger of a cattle-stall ; a division in a cow-shed.
See Boosing, Boost.
Chs. (K.), sXhs.1, Stf.2, w.Wor.', Shr.12 Hrf. [On the vigil
of Twelfth Day] a large cake is put on the horn of the first ox [in
the stalls]. . . . The ox is then tickled, to make him toss his head :
if he throw the cake behind, then it is the mistress's perquisite ;
if before (in what is termed the boosy), the bailiff himself claims
the prize. BRAND Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1849) I. 30; Hrf.12
Hence Boozy up ! int., an exclamation used to cows
when they are required to move to one side in the boosies.
s. Chs.1
2. A meadow lying near the cattle-sheds; gen. called
Boosy-pasture, q.v.
Der. Reports Agric. (1793-1813). Hrf.2
3. Used attrib. in comp. (i) Boosy-cheese, cheese made
before the cows are turned out to grass ; (2) -field, (3)
grass, (4) -land, (5) -pasture, grass lying near to the
cow-sheds, see below ; (6) -stake, the stake to which a
cow is fastened in the stall ; (7) -trough, a trough contain-
ing the cow's ' licking.'
li) Chs.18, s-Chs.1 (2) Chs.1 (3)\_N.&Q. ..1850) ist S. 11. 133.]
4)" Stf. (J.A.L.) (5) w.Yks.2 On a change of tenancy the outgoing
tenant has the privilege of retaining or using between the second
day of February and the third day of March certain land adjoining
the buildings on his farm. This is called boosy pasture. Chs.2*
s.Chs.1 Also called aitlet [outlet]. Der. Reports Agnc. (1793-
1813). Wor. The custom is for the tenant to have the right of a
certain portion of the premises, two rooms in the house, and boosey
pasture until May i succeeding the termination of the tenancy,
Evesham Jm. (Sept. 19, 1896). w.Wor.1 Shr.1 Ground claimed
by the off-going tenant at Lady Day for the use of his cattle up to
the first of May, on which to consume hay, turnips, and such
produce as is not allowed to be taken off the farm ; Shr.2 (6)
Chs.1, Stf.2, Shr.1 (7) Chs.1
4. Fig. A bed. Der.2
[OE. bosig (bosih); see Lind. and Rushw. Gospels,
Luke xiii. 15 ; a der. of "bos ; see Boose, sb.1]
BOOT, s*.1 Sc. Cum. Yks. Lan. Lin. Nhp. War. e.An.
Ken. Sur. Sus. Dev. Also written beutt Cum.1; booit
w.Yks.; beetAbd.
1. A long boot reaching above the knee.
n.Lin.1 Used by farm labourers in cleaning the ditches near the
Trent ' I'll hev that theare drean clean'd oot atween^them two
foherteen aacre, as soon as I can borra" a pair o' boots.'
BOOT
[3441
BOOTS AND SHOES
Hence Beetikin, sb. a heavy hobnailed boot.
Abd. Used gen. by farm servants (P.G.) ; The heavy beetikin on
either foot, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) iii.
2. Comb, (i) Boots-and-stockings. a mild form of oath ;
(2) -hose, coarse worsted hose, without feet, formerly
worn instead of boots ; (3) -leg, (4) -legging, a gaiter ;
(5) -shoes, thick half-boots ; (6) -stockings, see -hose ;
(7) -strap, a boot-lace.
(i) Lan. It's a tail, by owd boots-an'-stockins ! BRIERLEY Irkdale
(1865) vi. (2) Sc. Boot-hose [were] fixed by a flap under the
buckle of the shoe, and covering the breeches at the knee. Also
called Gramashes (JAM.); His stout legs, accoutred with the ancient
defences, called boot-hose, SCOTT St. Ronan (1824) xxxvi. Lnk.
His blue boot-hose [he] drew ower his knees, HAMILTON Poems
: 1865) 81. (3) Ken. (P.M.), Snr.i.Sus.1 (4) Sus. A long leather
gaiter reaching from boot to thigh (F.E.). (5") Ken. Properly
speaking, boot-shoes are the ordinary boots of to-day, but the term
is gen. applied only to such as are of a thick and heavy descrip-
tion. A man would say he went into the mud over his boot-shoes.
' A pair boot shoes and a halt granted,' Pluckley Vestry Bk. (Dec.
31. r783) (P-M.) ; Ken.1 ' Boot-shoe high ' is a common standard
of measurement of grass. (6) Cum. A wallet o' drab stripe and blue,
And slung onder t'beiittstockin legs, DICKINSON Ciimbr. 1.1876)
246 ; Cum.1 Much worn by elderly men when on horseback about
1800. Also called Hoggers, Fots. (7) nw-Dev.1
3. Phr. (i) As dark as a boot, very dark ; (2) to die with
one's boots on, to die a violent death ; (3) to give (the) boot(s,
to kick ; see also below ; (4) the boot is on the other leg, the
case is otherwise.
(i) w.Yks. All wor as dark as a booit, HARTLEY Clock Aim.
(1889) 17 ; Brighouse News (Aug. 10, 1889). (a) e.An.1 (.3) Nhp.2
A kind of punishment to such boys as have carelessly neglected their
duty in the harvest, or treated their labour with negligence. A
long form is placed in the kitchen forming a hedge for the 'hogs,'
as the truant boys are called, to pass over, while a strong chap
stands on each side with a boot-legging, soundly strapping them as
they scuffle over the bridge, CLARE Vitt. Min. (1821) 23. War.
The punishment inflicted with a pair of boots on one laid flat on a
bench, for misdemeanour during harvest time, BRAND Pop. Antiq.
(ed. 1870) II. 21. Nrf. ' Give that varmint Janter the boot.' ' Give
him what ? ' 'Why kick him out, sir,' HAGGARD Col. Quaritcti (1888)
I. xii. (4) w.Yks. T'booit's a t'tuther leg, ah say, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE
Bairnsla Ann. (1859) 31-
BOOT, sb.3 and v. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Der.
Lin. Nhp. Also Oxf. Som. Also in forms beeat n.Yks. ;
beutt Cum.1; bewt w.Yks. ; beyut Nhb.1; booit w.Yks. ;
bote N. Cy.1 ; buit Dur.1 Cum. ; bute N.Cy.1 ; byut Nhb.1
1. sb. Profit, advantage ; help, defence.
Abd. There is nae other boot but it maun be, Ross Helenore
(1768) 178. Lin. I went about it while there was any boote,
but now it bootes not, BERNARD Terence (ed. 1629 78. n.Lin.1,
Glo.12 [Necessary timber or wood for necessary uses: Plough-
boot, House-boot, Fire-boot, WORLIDGE Diet. Rust. (1681).]
2. Payment made to equalize an exchange ; something
given into the bargain ; esp. in phr. to boot.
Sc. He has got the boot and the better beast. HENDERSON Frov.
(1832) 43, ed. 1881. N.Cy.1; N.Cy.2 What boot will you give me
between your old yawd and my filly ? Nhb.1 In bartering horses,
the man with the inferior one will say, ' Aa'll gie ye five pund te
beyut.' In tenancy, the added right to take hay, firing, &c., from
the waste. Dur.1 Cum. I'll give my horse, an' five pun' to buit,
for yours (E.W.P.) ; Two duzzan, and ten to beiit, FARRALL Betty
says Tommy, 'I'll swop even hands if ta will!' Bingley Herald
N. &*Q. (1887); w.Yks.1; w.Yks.* He gave me his knife and
a shilling to boot. Lan. To Douglas the tincker for boote betwixt
thre old pannes of my Mr'« and a new one of his, iij', HARLAND
Gawthorpe Hall in Chet. Soc. (1854) XXXV. 194. ne.Lan.1 m-Lan.1
A ninepenny coyl-bucket, an' a hofe-peawnd o" chep tay to boot, is
poor swap for a shillin'. n.Lin.1 I'll swap herses wi' y6, and gie ye
my saddle and bridle to boots. Nhp.1 I'll have it if you will give
me something to boot. Oxf.1 I'll chop my heifer for yourn and
give ee two pun to boot, MS. add. w.Som.1 Gi mee vaawur
paewn, vur dhu buut oa un, un yiie shl ae-u dhu ai-d tu beot
[give me four pounds for the butt and you shall have the head to
boot (of a fallen tree)]. This is the only form of this word now
current in the dial.
Hence Beutless, adj. profitless, futile.
Cum.1 He's gaan a beiitless eran'.
8. Comp. Beutt-money, money given to equalize an
exchange. Cum.1
4. In phr. (i) Into the boot, (2) d boot, (3) to the boot oj,
in addition to, to boot, moreover.
(i) Sc. Your friend would lose his money and run the risk of a
quarrel into the boot, SCOTT St. Ronan (1824) xviii. (2) Ayr. Tak'
thou the carlin's carcase aff, Thou'se get the saul o' boot, BURNS
Henpecked Squire. (3) Sc. All tb>s cushions in Falkland were
placed in his chair of state, and the Provost of Dunfirmline's
borrowed to the boot of all, SCOTT Nigel (1822) xiii. Abd. My boy
was clear'd, And he found to the boot, A guid roun sum, SHIRREFS
Poems (1790) 33.
5. v. To signify, to matter. Used impers.
N.Cy.1 w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781). nXin.1 It duzn't
boot a penny to me whether ther's a brig builded oher Bottes-
worth beck or noa. Der.1 It boots not. [It bootcth not(K.).]
6. To barter, exchange.
Glo.1 I tried 'im a long time, but he oodn't boot.
[1. When be bale is hest, benne is be bote nest, Quob
Hendyng, Proverbs of Hendyng (c. 1300) 176, in Spec. E.E.
II. 40; see also quots. s.v. Sale, so.2 OE. and ON. hot,
advantage, good, whence OE. Man, to improve; see
Beet, v.]
BOOT, see Bolt, Boud, Bought.
BOOTED, ppl. adj. Sus. Hmp. Ol corn : imperfectly
grown, so that part of the ear remains enclosed in its
sheath.
Sns. Wheat thus wounded [by frost] seldom has the strength to
clear itself from the blade, and is provincially called booted corn,
Ann. Agric. (1784-1815). Sns., Hmp. HOLLOWAY.
BOOTH, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Lin. Glo.
1. A cow-house ; a dairy (.').
w.Yks. Formerly used near Bolton Abbey to denote a cow-shed
(J.N.L.) ; w.Yks.2
2. A herdsman's hut. Cf. bothie.
Lan. Booths or mansions erected for the residence of herdsmen,
HARLAND & WILKINSON Fit-Lore (1867) 202.
8. An outlying hamlet on the edge of the fens.
Lin. BROOKE Tracts, 4 ; Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 Branston Booths, Han-
worth Booths.
4. Comp. (i) Booth-hall, the great hall at Gloucester, in
which assizes were held ; (2) -meal, shop-rent ; (3) -man,
a corn merchant.
(i) Glo. (S.S.B.) ; GROSE (1790, MS. add. (H.) (2) Sc. ib. MS.
add. (C.) (3) N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 The Boothmen were incorporated
with the company of Merchant Adventurers in Newcastle. Obs.
BOOT-HALER,s6. Obs. n.Cy. A freebooter, marauder.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
[A common word in COTGR. : Batre les chemins, to belay
the way, as purse-takers and boothalers do ; see also
Adventurier, Batteurs d'estrade, Butineur, Destrousseur de
gens, Picoreur. Boot, sb.2 + /ialer, fr. hale, vb. to haul.]
BOOTHER, see Boulder.
BOOTIE, sb. Or.I. Also written booto, boota;
booty (JAM.) ; buitie S. & Ork.1 A square woollen cloth
or shawl worn by women over the head and shoulders.
Or.I. Wippin' her booto tae the sae-tree, Paety ToraFs Travcllye
(1880) 43, in ELLIS Pronunc. (1889) 799 ; (S.A.S.) S. & Ork.1
BOOTING, vbl. sb. Nhp. A harvest-home custom of
Eunishing one who has misbehaved in the harvest-field,
ee Boot, sb.1 3.
Nhp.1 The custom is still kept up at some of the neighbouring
villages.
BpOTS, sb. pi. Chs. Shr. Caltha palustris, marsh
marigold.
Shr.1 Edgmond children at the present day call the flowers Boots,
as Richard Barnefield — an Edgmond man — did in 1594. Also
called Meadow Bout, May-flowers.
[Caltha palustris ... in English Marigolds, in Cheshire
and those parts it is called Bootes, GERARDE Herb. (ed.
1633) 818 ; Fine pretie King-cups and the yellow Bootes,
That growes by riuers and by shallow brookes, BARNEFIELD
Ajfec. Shepheard (1594), in Wks., ed. Grosart, 15.]
BOOTS AND SHOES, phr. In plant-names: (i)
Acomtum napellus, monk's-hood (Cor.12) ; (2) Aquilegia
BOOTY
[3451
BORDEL
vulgaris, columbine (ib.) ; (3) Cypripedhim calceolus, lady's
slipper ( Dev.4) ; (4) Lotus corniculatiis, bird's-foot trefoil
(Sus. Dev.*).
BOOTY, adj.1 Chs. [bu'ti.] Of soil : sticky.
Chs.1 A red, booty sand.
BOOTY, sb. and adj.* Obsol. Sc. (?) Nhb. Yks. Won
Slang.
1. sb. In phr. to play booty, to play or act falsely, to cheat ;
also to fight booty.
Gall. CROCKETT Raiders (1894) xxxv. n.Cy. The mock battle was
always fought booty. BRAND Pop. Antiq. (1777) 261. Nhb.1 Obs.
Sometimes they'll play fairly, and whiles they'll play booty,
STUART Joco-Serious Discourse (1686). w.Yks. 2", s.Wor. H.K.)
Slang. Each cove vosteazed with double duty, To please his backers,
yet play booty, AINSWORTH Rookwood, bk. iv. ii. [GROSE U79°)
MS. add. (P.)]
2. adj. Unfair, opposed to fair play.
Wor. An old peasant near Evesham said that in backswording
it was booty for one opponent to hit another after a blow had been
given which drew blood, and that in wrestling it was booty to
kick or trip an opponent above the knee (E.S.).
[1. He had scornfully refused a considerable bribe to
play booty on such an occasion, FIELDING J. Andrews
(1742) bk. i. ii ; To play booty, praevaricor, colludo, COLES
(1679). The phr. orig. meant to play into the hands of
confederates in order to share the ' booty ' with them.]
BOOTY, see Bootie.
BOOYN, see Boon.
BOOYSE, see Boose.
BOOZE, sb.1 and v. In gen. dial, and colloq. use in Sc.
Irel. and Eng. Also written boose, bouse, bowse.
1. sb. Intoxicating drink.
Lth. Ower the sang-inspirin' bouse, Croon mony a ditty,
BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 69. Stf.2 Ei got so fond on iz buz.
War.2 Slang. FARMER.
2. A drinking bout, a drunken frolic ; esp. in phr. on the
boose.
Abd. Can I mak oot for haudin' sic a booze? Guidman Inglis-
maill \ ,1875) 44. Ayr. And if we dinna had a bouze, I'se ne'er
drink mair, BURNS To Mr. J. Kennedy. Nhb.1 He's on the booze.
'We'll hev a royal booze te-day,' WILSON Dickv's Wig 1826).
War.3 Glo. He's bin on the booze dredful (S.S.B.).
3. v. To drink, to tipple freely.
Ayr. There let him bowse and deep carouse, BURNS Sr. Drink
1786). Edb. He had been bousing about the country side, MOIR
Afansie Wauch (1828) xiii. Nhb. At the public-hoose aw boos'd,
CHATT Poems (1866) 54; Nhb.1 Wm. & Cum.1 There we may
.... bouse A wee bit at our ease, 187. w.Yks.24 Lan.1 He's
done nowt but booze for a fortnit. e.Lan.1, Stf.2 Nhp.1 They've
been boozing all day. War.2. Brks.1 Ess. We'll booze it away,
dull care we'll defy, DIXON Sngs, Eng. Peas. (1846) 192.
Hence (i) Boozed, ppl. adj. drunk, fuddled ; also fig.
soaked, wet ; (2) Boozer, sb. a fuddler, a sot ; a public-
house ; (3) Boozing, ppl. adj. drunken ; (4) Boozing-ken,
sb. a public-house ; (5) Boozy, adj. fond of drink ; tipsy.
(i) w.Yks. (W.F.), Stf.2 Nhp.1 A countryman, describing his
first voyage, said, ' I was boozed all over with the dashing of the
waves.' War.2 (a"1. Fif. Amid his feir O fellow-bousers braw,
TENNANT Papistry (1827) 25. Ant. GROSE (17901 MS. add. (C.)
Stf.2 Lon. I pops around [stays] at the boozer, Dy. News (Jan. 4.
l895) 3. col. 7. (3) Slk. You are absurdly represented as a
boozing buffoon, CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) III. 178. Ant.
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) War.3 (4) Lan. I should take you
for the gov'nor of a boozing-ken, STATON Three Graces, 6. Slang
The hovel which they termed their boozing-ken, AINSWORTK
Rookwood, bk. HI. v ; They have a ' shant of gatter ' [pot of beer]
at the nearest ' boozing ken,' MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) I.
218. (5) Abd. On stuff like this may we get aften boozy, OGG
Willie Waly (1873) 14. Lth. At midnight when bodies get
bouzie, BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 134. Nhb.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks.
Tom hed cum home a bit boosey, CUDWORTH Sketches (1884") 29.
Lan. The old un'll think I'm boosy, BRIERLEY Cotters, xiv. Stf.2,
War. (J.R.W.), Brks.1 Glo. He's a bit o' a boozy chap (S.S.B.,.
Som. SWEETMAN Wincdnton Gl. (1885). Cor.2
[1. No bouse? nor no tobacco? MASSINGER New Way
(1632) i. i ; Called for a gage of bowse . . . presently a pot
of ale was put into his hand, DEKKER Belman (1608) 83.
3. Now bowse a round health to the go-well and corn-well,
VOL. i.
BROME Joviall Crew (1652) ii ; The companie . . . lye bowz-
ing and beere-bathing in their houses everie afternoone,
NASH Pierce (1592) (WARES). (4) My doxy stayes for me
in a bousing ken, MIDDLETON & DEKKER Roaring Girle
(i6n)K.3.]
BOOZE, sb? Dur. Yks. Der. Also written bouse
w.Yks.1
1. Lead ore in a comparatively pure state.
Dur. Booze separates easily from its matrix, and has not to be
' buddled ' or washed. Used in Teesdale lead mining ! W.W.P.1).
Der. MANLOVE Lead Mines (1653).
2. Comp. Bouse-smithem, small ore as it is washed by
the sieve. w.Yks.1
BOOZING, see Boosing.
BOOZY, see Boosy.
BOOZY-ALLEY, int. Nhb. An ejaculation used by
boys.
Nhb.1 Ye boozy-alley, what a crood thor is !
BOP, sb. Suf.1 A child's name for father.
BOP, v. Ken. [bop.] To throw anything down with
a resounding noise.
Ken. (P.M.); Ken.1
BOP, see Bob.
BOPPY,sZ>. e.Lan.1 [bo'pi.] A child's name for a cow.
BOP-TAILED, adj. Suf. [bo-p-teld.] Bob-tailed, cut
short.
Suf. (F.H.); (C.G.B.)
BOR, sb. Cmb. Nrf. Suf. Ess. Also written bo' Cmb. ;
boa Ess.1 ; borh e.An.1 Nrf.1 ; bour Cmb.1 [bp(r).] A term
of familiar address, applied to persons of either sex and
of all ages ; neighbour ! For the pi. together is used.
Cmb. ELLIS Pronunc. (1889^ V. 251 ; Cmb.1 e.An.1 One old
woman may say to another, ' Co', bor, let's go a-sticking in the
squire's plantations.' And the other may answer, ' Aye, bor, so
we will.' Nrf. (G.E.D.) ; Ishould jest about think yow du, Roger,
bor, A.B.K. Wrights Fortune (1885) 6; 'Well, bor,' I says,
SPILLING Giles (1872) 24 ; Nrf.1 It has been wittily observed, that
' together ' is the plural of ' bor.' Suf. We address our friends as
Smith bor! Jones bor! e.An. Dy. Times (1892); Hullo bor!
where beyouagoin'? (C.G.B.); RAINBIRD Agric. (1819") 303, ed.
1849. Ess. She's waitin' for yer, roun' the corner, bor, DOWNE
Ballads (1895) 10 ; Ess.1
[OE. bur (in gebitr), wh. forms the second element in
neighbour (OE. neahbur). Cp. Holstein buur, 'ehmals
Nachbar' (Idiotikon) 193.]
BORAL, sb. Sc. Also written borale, borell, borrell
QAM.), [bo-rl.]
1. An instrument for boring; cf. breast-bore.
Per. (G.W.), Edb. (W.G.), Rxb. (JAM.)
2. Comp. (i) Boral-hole, a hole made by a wimble ;
(2) -tree, the handle of a wimble.
(i) Slk. His breist was like ane heck of hay ; His gobe ane
round and boral hole, HOGG Hunt of Eildon, 321 < JAM.'. (2)
Rxb. (ib.)
[Borrels for wrights the groce, iii /., MS. (1611) (JAM.) ;
Ane knyf ande ane borrel, Compl. Scot. (1549) ii. Bore,
vb. -f -el, as in shovel.}
BORD, sb. and v. Sc.
1. sb. A broad hem or welt.
Sc. (JAM.), n.Sc. (W.G.)
2. The border or edge of a woman's cap ; a band sewn
to the front part of the cap.
Sc. Her mutch is like the driven snaw, Wi bord of braw fine
pearlin, DOUGLAS Poems (i8o6'i 145 (JAM.). n.Sc. (W.G.), Per.
VG.W.)
3. v. To furnish with an edge or border.
n.Sc. She bordit her mutch wi lace (W.G.).
[Fr. bord, the welt, hem, or selvedge of a garment
COTGR.).]
BORD, see Board, Bode.
BORDEL, sb. Sc. A brothel. Also in comp. Bordel-
house.
Sc. The fouk 'ill think 'at's gaen by, We keep a bordel house,
BEATTIES Parings (1801) 27. Fif. Let us at the bawd o' Rome.
Her bordel-house maun down be plucket, TENNANT Papistry (1827)
21. Hdg. (JAM.)
[Sum fra the bordell wald nocht byd, DUNBAR (c. 1510),
vy
BORDER
[346]
BORN
ed. Small, II. 204. OF. bordel. Bordeau, a brothel or
bawdy-house (COTGR.).]
BORDER(S, sb. Sc. Nhb.
1. The boundary between Eng;. and Sc. ; the district
adjoining the boundary on both sides.
Ayr. We'll over the border and gie them a brush, BURNS Cock
up your Beaver. Nhb.1
2. Comp. Border-watch, the regular patrol formerly
kept to raise the alarm or 'scry' in case of inroad. Nhb.1
[1. Gude rewle is banist our the Bordour, DUNBAR
(c. 1510) Poems, ed. Small, II. 227.]
BORDER, v. and sb. e.An.
1. v. To use coarse language, to vituperate. e.An.12
Cf. balder.
2. sb. Coarse, obscene language.
e.An.2 Give us none of your border.
BORDERED, ppl. adj. Yks. Fenced, confined.
n.Yks. Still used (T.S.). e.Yks. Some close bordered place,
BEST Rur. Econ. (1641) no.
BORDERING, sb. Dev.* Alyssum maritimum, and
other plants used for borders. Cf. edging.
BORDY-GRASS, sb. Nrf. Suf. Grass growing on the
borders of a field.
Nrf. Master say as how I may cut that there bordy-grass for my
dickey (W.R.E.). Suf. Commonly used here (C.G.B.).
BORE, sb? Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also
written boir, bor (JAM.).
1. A crevice, chink, a hole.
Sc. I have been fain to draw my sword-belt three bores tighter,
SCOTT Leg. Mont. (1830) iii ; Frae ilkae bore o' the cradle, The red
blood out sprang, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads (1806) I. 178. Abd.
They winna miss a hole or bore, SHIRREFS Poems (1790) 347 ; He
staps wi' strae ilk navus bore, BEAT-TIES Parings (1803) 24, ed.
1873. Kcd- Helter-skelter gush'd the spate Through ilka hole an'
bore, GRANT Lays (1884) 7. Ayr. Thro' ilka bore the beams were
glancing, BURNS Tarn o' Shanter ^1790) st. 10.
2. An opening or break in the clouds. Also usedy?^.
Sc. It was the first blue bore that did appear in our cloudy sky,
BAILLIE Lett. (1775) I. 171 (JAM.). nw.Abd. The mist's gyaan
aff the Tap o' Noth, An' there's some bores o' blue, Goodwife
(1867) st. 46.
3. In phr. ( i) to take in or up a bore, to reform, turn over
a new leaf; (2) to wick a bore, in curling or cricket: to
drive a stone or ball through an opening between two
guards or fielders.
(i) Rnf. QAM.) (2) Sc. s.v. Wick («6.). Ayr. He was the King
o' a' the Core, To guard, or draw, or wick a bore, BURNS Tarn
Samson (1787) st. 5.
4. An iron mould in which nails are manufactured.
Stf.2 Shr. BOUND Prov. (1876) ; Shr.2
I 5. Comp. (i) Bore-hole, a hole bored in the ground with
iron rods to prove the nature of the strata; (2) -iron, an
instrument for boring holes ; (3) -man, one who swings
the heavy hammer at an anvil ; (4) -passer, a gimlet ;
(5) -rod, an iron rod used for ascertaining the nature of
strata before sinking a pit ; (6) -shore, a hurdle-stake.
(i) NUb., Dur. About three inches diameter for a borehole is
sufficient, Compleat Collier (1708) 3. (a) Bnff. (W.G.) (3) Elg. A
smiddy boreman though ye be, TESTER Poems (1865' 120. (4)
Shr.1 (5) Nhb.1 The rods are screwed together in lengths, the
end piece faced with a cutting chisel. Nhb., Dur. We have two
labourers at a time at the handle of the bore rod, Compleat
Collier (1708; 2; GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849). (5) Wil. SLOW
Gl. (1892) ; Wil.1 Boreshore is a kind of hurdle stake which can
be used in soft ground without an iron pitching bar being
required to bore the hole first for it.
BORE, sb.2 Wor. Glo. Som. The tidal wave in some
rivers, esp. the Severn and Parrett.
s. Wor.1 Also called Flood's-head. Glo. (A.B.) ; BAYLIS Illus.
Dial. (1870). Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng.
(1869).
[Prob. the same word as ME. bare, a wave, billow. Se-
bare betes on schip-bord, Metr. Horn. (c. 1325), in Spec.
E. E. II. 90. ON. bara, a wave.]
BORE, v. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Stf. Also
Som. Colon. Written boor Nhb.1 [boa-(r).]
1. To pierce, make a hole, penetrate. Also usedyfg-.
Sc. Women that hae been doing naething a' the livelong day,
but . . . boring at a clout, SCOTT Blk. Dwarf (1816) iii. Nhb.1
Nhb., Dur. GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849). Cum. Her een they
bwor'd a body through, GILPIN Sngs. (1866) 337. Yks. Their
ears were not right bored [were untuneable], N. & Q. (1854)
ist S. x. 210. w.Yks. The sun bores (S.O.A.).
Hence (i) Borer, sb. one whose business it is to ascertain
the nature of strata by boring; (2) Boring-box, sb. a
wooden box at the top of a hole, a little larger than the
hole, which serves to direct the rods in boring ; (3)
Boring-gear, sb. the tools used in boring by hand.
Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
2. Phr. (i) to bore one's eyes out, to tire the eyes, as by
overmuch reading ; (2) to gel bored for the sturdy, used in
expressing contempt for another man's brains.
(i) Stf.2 (a) Nhb.1 Gan away an get boored for the sturdy.
The ' sturdy ' is a disease in sheep which affects the head.
3. Of a horse : to rush straight on with the head down
and the bit between his teeth.
w.Som,1 Ans.. N.S.W. I couldn't stop the brute ; she was
boring like a wild bull, BOLDREWOOD Robbery (1888) I. x.]
Hence Borer, sb. a horse that rushes straight on with
head down. w.Som.1
4. To swagger about.
Lan. If yon isno' James o' Joe's borin about in a suit o' clooas
made out of a green bed-quilt. BRIERLEY Waverlow (1863) 98, ed.
1884. [Not known to our correspondents.]
[3. A horse is said to boar or bore when he shoots out
his nose as high as he can, BAILEY (1755).]
BOREEN, s6. Irel. In form bohereen Wxf.1 [borrn.]
A narrow lane, a byroad ; a passage.
Ir. The win' I heard . . . keenin' up the boreen behind the house,
BARLOW Idylls (1892) 264 ; There was not a dirty boreen that he
had not walked that night, YEATS Flk-Tales (1888) 22 ; He hasn't
sense enough to drive a pig down a boreen <G.M.H.) ; Parallel
with the muddy boreen, CARLETON Fardorougha 1 1836) 236. Uls.
Ulster Jrn. Arch. (1858) VI. 41. w.Ir. They presently reached
a narrow track, or ' bohereen,' which led between two lines of
loosely-piled walls, LAWLESS Crania ,1892) I. 190. Wxf.1 Tip.
They made a bohreen for him up the hall [through the crowd],
HALL Irel. (1841) II. 75.
[Ir. botharin, a narrow lane, dim. of bothar, a street, lane
(O'REILLY).]
BORERIGHT, see Foreright, Voreright.
BORE'S EARS, sb. pi. n.Sc. QAM.) Also written
boar's ears. The auricula, Primula auricula. See Bear's
ears.
BORE-TREE, see Bour-tree.
BORGE, v. Not.3 To boast. See Barge, v.1
BORIER, sb. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written
boryer Cor.12; borer Cor. [boTia(r).]
1. An auger.
Dor. N. & Q. (1883; 6th S. vii. 366. w-Som.1 Plai'z tu lai-n
Tau-mus u dree-kwaurtur boa-ree-ur [please to lend Thomas
a three-quarter (inch; auger], nw.Dev.1
2. An iron bar with a wedge-shaped end used for boring
holes in granite.
Cor. Jem was a miner and a decent lad, Could beat a borer, or
could drive a gad, TREGELLAS Tales (1860) 43, ed. 1865 ; Cor.12
[Bore, vb. + -er. For the dial, forms in -ier, -yer, cp.
sawyer, bowyer, lawyer.]
BORIS-NORIS, adj. Dor. Also written borus-snorus.
Happy-go-lucky, careless, reckless.
Dor. I like the hearty borus-snorus ways of the new pa'son
HARDY Greenwd. Tree (1872) I. 147 ; BARNES Gl. (1863) ; Dor.1
BORKY, see Balky.
BORM, see Barm.
BORN, pp. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also
Colon. Used attrib. in comb, (i) Born call, good reason ;
(2) — devil, a downright rogue ; (3) — fool, an innate fool,
clumsy person ; (4) — head, (a) a young, precocious fellow ;
(b) a term of derision applied to a very foolish person ;
(5) — mad, furious; (6) — truth, simple, unvarnished truth.
(i) [Ans. I have got no ' born call ' to be sensitive, PRAED
Romance of Station (1890) I. vii.] (2) Sc. There's a set of born
deevils in Lunnon, WILSON Tales Border (1836) II. 275. (3) Nhb.1,
e.Yks.1, n-Lin.1, Oxf.1 MS. add. Brks.1 A must be a born vool to
do like that ther. w.Som.1 (4 a, A) Ayr. (J.F.) (5) Cld. (JAM. )
BORN
[347]
BORROW
II
(6) s.Ir. Book-sworn to tell nothin" but the born thruth, LOVER
Leg. (1848) II. 475-
BORN, see Burn.
BORN DAYS.^r. In gen. dial, and colloq. use in Sc.
Irel. and Eng. Lifetime.
Kcd. A' my born days I never Never heard the like o' that,
GRANT Lays (1884) 44. Ir. I never seen sitch white in my born
days, LOVER Leg. (1848) I. 213. N.I.1 Lns. In all my born days
... I never laid eyes on such a load of victuals, CROKER Leg.
(1862) 244. s.Wxf. He axed them in as naybourly as if he knew
them all the born days of his life, Shamrock Mag. (1894) 314.
Nhb.1, Dur.1, Cum.1, Wra.1 n.Yks. Ah've kenned a good few i'
mah born daas, MUNBY Verses (1865) 56 ; n.Yks.2, e.Yks.1 w.Yks.
Aw niver did see sich a caution . . . i' all my born days, HARTLEY
Clock Aim. (1874) 36 ; w.Yks.1, e.Lan.1, Chs.13, Der.2, nw.Der.1
n.Lin.1 I wish I'd noht else to do but to smooke bacca like that
o' thine all my born daays. Nhp.1, War.23 Oxf.1 s. v. In.
Brks.1 1 never zin zuch doins in all my born daays. Suf. (M.E.R.),
Ken. (P.M.), w.Som.1 Dev. I niver did zee sich a huck-muck
place in awl my born days. HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) ; Dev.1 I'd
ne'er the heart to hurt thee nor any kindest thing in all my born
days, 21.
BORNE, v. Lan. Also written boyrn Lan.1 To wash,
rinse ; to ' swill.'
Lan. Come, boyurn thi face un win go, COLLINS Poems (1859)
53 ; Great big clods wurn bein' wesht' deaun th' sides o'th road.
. . . They'd bin boyrnt eawt o'th' sides o'th' baukin, BRIERLEY
Tales (1854) 99; Lan.1 I're primely boyrnt, on os weet as ewer
eh could sye, TIM BOBBIN Wks. (ed. 1750) 49. Whatever arto
doin areawt [outside] sich a day as this? What, its enough to
borne th' buttons off thi clooas, WAUGH Owd Blanket ( 1867) iii.
e.Lan.1 Always followed by 'out.' s.Lan. BAMFORD Dial. (1850).
BORNEO, v. Irel. Wor. GIo. Sur. Sus. Som. Past
tense and pp. of to bear.
Ir. It's only nathral for me t'look afther the mother that borned
an' rared me, BLACKBURNE Stones, n. w.Wor. I warn't . . . borned
isterday, S. BEAUCHAMP Grantley (1874) I. 76. Glo. I was borned
there, and lived there twenty-five years, GISSING Both of this Parish
(1889) I. 213. Sur. A family Bible had the children's births
entered as • Thomas was borned,' &c., ./V. &> Q. (1885) 6tn S. xi.
175. Sus.1 I was borned at the cottage just beyond the pay-
gate (s. v. Native). Som. In tha plaice wher I wer born'd,
' AGRIKLER ' Rhymes (1872) 14.
Hence Borned, ppl. adj. born.
w.Wor. I baynt such a borned fool as that, S. BEAUCHAMP
Grantley (1874) I. 76.
[Born (' natus ') + -ed, pp. suif. of wk. vbs.]
BORNE-DOWN, ppl. adj. Sc. Depressed in mind,
body, or in external circumstances.
Sc. (JAM.) n.Sc. He's a sehr borne-down man wi the death o's
aulest sin [son] (W.G.). Per. Commonly used (G.W.).
BORN-GULLY, sb. Nhb. A clumsy, inefficient work-
man.
Nhb.1 This expression is really ' burn-gully.' Formerly country
blacksmiths were the principal makers of edge-tools, such as axes,
knives, gullies, &c., and many of them attained to great proficiency
in the art of tempering steel. Others, again, not proficient in
their attempts at the business, burnt the temper out of the steel,
and were called in derision ' Burn-gullies.' In course of time the
phr. extended to inefficient workmen in other trades.
[Burn, vb. + gully (a knife), q. v.]
BORN-HEAD, adv. Sc. Straight forward, in an im-
petuous manner.
Slk. Ye may be carrying him born-head to his honour just now,
HOGG Perils of Man (1822) I. 242 (JAM.).
BORNING, vbl. sb. War. Amer. [bq'nin.] Birth.
War. We've no deaths to speak on, but we've a deal o' bornings,
N. & Q. (1885) 6th S. xi. 46; Well known (W.S.B.). [Amer.
Borning Ground, the country of one's birth, FARMER.]
[A very anom. formation. Born, pp. + -ing (OE.
-ung).\
BORNS, sb. pi. Sus. ' Born days,' lifetime.
Sus. I never see'd De loike in all my borns, LOWER Torn
Cladpole (1831) st. 85 ; Sus.1 1 never did see such tedious poor
ground in all my borns (s. v. Out-de-way).
BOROUGH, sb. Sc. Also written borrow (JAM.). In
comp. (i) Borough-flag, the ensign bearing the arms of
the borough ; (2) — 's-town, a borough or town.
(i) Fif. He saw . . . Their borough-flags that flar'd and flap't,
our
ughmongers !
TENNANT Papistry ( 1827) 76. (2) Sc. The brawest beau in borrows-
town, RAMSAY Tea-Table Misc. (1724) I. 87, ed. 1871 ; I ken the
tricks of you burrows-town merchants, man, SCOTT Nigel (1822, v.
Abd. See what's deein i' the borrow's town, Guidman Inglismaill
(1873) 28. Frf. The lassie was bred in a braw borough-town.
LAING Wayside Firs. (1846) 114. Ayr. The betherel of some
ancient borough's town, GALT Legatees (1820) 26 (JAM.).
BOROUGHMAN, sb. Lon. An inhabitant of South-
wark.
Lon. A Wappineer, a Mile-ender, and a Boroughman are
terms proverbially used, about the Exchange and Fenchurch St,
to express an inferior order of beings, HORNE Olla Podrida (18201
!• !35-
BOROUGHMONGER, sb. Sc. [Not known to
correspondents.] A slang name for a rabbit.
Slk. Fourteen fuds ! Aucht maukins and sax boroug
CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) IV. 151.
[This is a punning use of lit. E. boroughmonger, the
political term, with play upon the word burrow (a rabbit-
hole).]
BORRAL, 56. Sc. Nhb. The elder-tree, Sambucus
nigra. See Bour-tree.
Sc. (JAM.) Slk. Round the auld borral tree, HOGG Brownie oj
Bodsbeck, x. Nhb.1
BORRAN, sb. Cum. Wm. Lan. [bo'ran.] A cairn,
a heap of loose stones. Cf. burian.
Cum. Hoo he tally-ho't a fox . . . oot ov a borran a steanns,
DICKINSON Lamplugh (1856) 6 ; Cum.1 Wm. T'fox gat inta a
borran o' steans (J.M.) ; Wm.1 Piled up masses of broken rock,
and also the remains of ancient buildings when completely thrown
down, are so called. Lan.1, n.Lan. (W.S.), n-Lan.1
[A borwen, cumulus, LEVINS Manip. (1570).]
BORRBUT, sb. n.Yks. The Whitby name for the
viviparous fish called the Blenny, Zoarcus viviparus. Cf.
bolbut. (T.S.)
[Borr (or bol), of doubtful origin, but cp. bul in bulcard,
q.v.4 but, doubtless the same as lit. E. butt, the name of
various kinds of fish ; found also in halibut.]
BORREL, sb. Lan. [Not known to our correspon-
dents.] A heap or quantity. Cf. borran.
e.Lan.1 A borrel o' staiyans.
BORREL, adj. Sc. Rough, rude, clownish.
Sc. Things fitter for them to judge of than a borrel man like me,
SCOTT Redg. (1824) Lett, xi ; I ken I'm but a poor, ignorant, borrel
man, WHITEHEAD Daft Davie (1876) 159, ed. 1894.
[A bigg fellowe and borrell, Of the colledge of Oriell,
MS. Poems, i7th cent. (NARES) ; How be I am but rude
and borrell, SPENSER Sh. Kal. (1579) Julye, 96 ; But,
sires, by-cause I am a burel man, . . . Have me excused
of my rude speche, CHAUCER C. T. F. 716. The phr. a
borel man, a plain man, is gen. conn. w. ME. borel or burel,
a coarse cloth of a brown colour. OF. burel(moA. bureau) ;
see HATZFELD.]
BORRID, see Boarward.
BORRILL, sb. ne.Yks.1 m.Yks.1 Also written berril
m.Yks.1 [bo'ril, ba'ril.] The common gadfly.
[Prob. a der. of bore (to pierce). See Boral, sb.]
BORRO, see Barrow.
BORROW, sb. and v.1 Sc. Nhb. [bo'ra.]
1. sb. A pledge ; a surety.
Sc. Made prisoners, ransomed them, or concussed them into
giving borrows to enter into captivity again, SCOTT Waverley (i&in~)
xv. Nhb. His faithful borrowe I will be, RICHARDSON Borderer's
Table-bk. (1846) VI. 45.
2. Anything borrowed.
Bnff. That's nae ma ain ; it's a borrow. A common saying is, ' A
borrow sudd gyang lauchin hame ' (W.G.).
3. v. To be surety for, to ensure ; to give security to, to
ransom.
Sc. But yet her strength it fails at length, Nae beilding can she
borrow, RAMSAY Tea-Table Misc. (1724) I. 190, ed. 1871 ; I'll gie
a' the lands I hae, Bonnie Jean, to borrow thee, Laird of War-
ristoun, MACKAY (1888).
4. To borrow one, to urge one to drink. Ags. (JAM.)
[1. Ech of hem had leyd his feith to borwe, CHAUCER
C. T. A. 1622 ; Somme of hir trewe freendes ... to been
hir borwes, ib. B. 2998. 2. I'll adventure The borrow of a
BORROW
[348]
BOSK
week, SHAKS. Wint. T. \. ii. 39- 3- The saulis ar borrowit
and to the bliss can go, Chryst with his blud our ransoms
dois indoce, DUNBAR (c. 1513) Poems, ed. Small, II. 156.
OE. borh (borg-), a pledge, a surety; borgion, to give
security for, to borrow.]
BORROW, v? Yks. To withdraw the timber supports
of the roof of a mine when all the coal has been ' won.'
w.Yks. (J.P.)
Hence Borrowing, vbl. sb. w.Yks. (D.T.)
BORROWED, ppl. adj. Nhb. Yks. Chs. Lin. In phr.
(1) Borrowed days, (a) the last three days of March (old
style) ; (b) the first eleven days of May ; (c) see - time ;
(2) — fire, a light obtained from a neighbour; (3) —time,
the time a person lives after the age ot 70.
(i, a) N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 The popular notion is that they were borrowed
by March from April with a view to the destruction of a parcel of
unoffending young sheep -a purpose, however, in which March
was not successful. (6) Chs.1 The beginning of May is often very
said by a man of 81, N. V Q. (1854) ist S. x. an. (a) Nhb.1 To
request a light on the morning of the New Year is held as a most
portentous omen. Several will not even allow a borrowed fire to
proceed from their dwellings, RICHARDSON Borderer's Table-bk.
(1846) II. 288. (3) n.Lin. A man who lives on borrowed time lives on
trespass-ground. Ay, all mine is borrowed time, noo (M.P.).
[(i, a) So is it usual amongst us ... to ascribe unto
March certain borrowed days from April, BROWNE Vulg.
Errors (ed. 1669) bk. vi. iv. See Borrowing days (below).]
BORROWING, ppl. adj. Sc. Irel. n.Cy. Rut. In phr.
(i) Borrowing days, the last three days of March (old
style) ; (2) — weather, the first few days of April.
U) Sc. The bairns' rime says, the warst blast of the borrowing
days couldna kill the three silly poor hog-lambs, SCOTT Midlothian
(1818) xxviii ; The warst blast comes on the borrowing days,
SWAINSON Weather Flk-Lore (1873 , 65. Don. Flk-Lore Jrn. (1885!
111.278. n.Cy. HENDERSON Flk-Lore (1879) ii ; N.Cy.1 (2) Rut.
' It's borrowing weather.' This expression was used one April,
when we were experiencing some very cold March-like weather
(T.K.B.N.).
[In the Statist. Acct. of Scotland (1791) I. 57, Parish of
Kirkmichael, the minister, mentioning an old man of the
age of 103 years, says : ' His account of himself is, that
he was born in the Borrowing Days of the year that King
William came in,' BRAND Pop. Ant. (17951, ed. 1849, II. 42;
The borial blastis of the thre borouing dais of marche,
Compl. Scot. (1549) 38. Cf. borrowed days.]
BORSE, see Buss.
BORSEND, see Burst.
BORSHOLDER, sb. Ken. Also in form bosholder;
bostler Ken.1
1. A petty constable, superseded since the introduction
of modern police.
Ken. Still well known to most middle-aged people (P.M. ; 1794,
April 4, pr' Masf Else as pr Bill due when he was Bosholder [sic],
35. 6d., Pluckley Overseers' Ace. ; Ken.1 I reckon, when you move
you'll want nine men and a bostler, shaan't ye ? Ken.2
2. A wooden mace.
Ken. An ancient wooden mace of ' dumb boss'lder ' is still kept
in the vestry of the parish church of Wateringbury, near Maid-
stone, A'. & Q. (1884) 6th S. x. 446 ; Ken.1 At Great Chart they
had a curious custom of electing a dumb borsholder. This is still
in existence, and is made of wood, about three feet and half an
inch long ; with an iron ring at the top, and four rings at the sides,
by means of which it was held and propelled when used for break-
ing open the doors of houses supposed to contain stolen goods ;
Ken.2
[The antient headboroughs, tithing-men, and bors-
holders, were made use of to serve as petty constables,
BLACKSTONE Comm. (1768) I. 356; Borowhowlders alias
Bursholders (Lamb, in the duties of Constables), COWELL
Interp. (ed. 1637). OE. borges ealdor, the chief of a
' borrow,' a tithing or frank-pledge. For OE. borh see
Borrow, sb.]
BORST, v. Chs.2 Past tense of to burst.
BORSTAL, sb. Suf. Ken. Sur. Sus. Wil. Also in
form bostal Suf. Ken.1 Sus.12 [ba'stl, bo'stl.] A path-
way up a steep hill. Also used attrib.
Suf. GROSE ,1790); BAILEY (1721); (P.R." Ken. Now only
used in conjunction with the name of a particular place (P.M. ,, ;
Ken.12 Sur. ^H.W.) ; It'll be a bostall road with you an' me,
unless there's give on one side and take on the other, BARING-
GOULD Broom-Squire (1896) 96. Sus. Something in appearance
betwixt a bridle-path and a timber-track, such as is known in those
parts by the old English name, a borstall, BLACKMORE Alice Lor-
raine (1875) xix ; RAY (1691) ; C»LES (1677, ; Sus.12 Wil. He
knew every . . . borstall and farmhouse on the Down, KENNARD
Diogenes ^1893; ix.
[Borstal, near Rochester, owes its name evidently to
its situation at the foot of the ' borstal ' leading up to the
downs. Its OE. name was Borh steall; see Earle's
Charters (Glossary).]
BORSTEN, v. Chs.23 pp. of to burst ; ruptured.
Hence Borsten, ppl. adj.
Chs. Thah gurt borsten cawf, CLOUGH B. Bresskittle 1879) 3.
[The dragoun is borstun (diruptus est), WYCLIF (1382)
Dan. xiv. 26. OE. borsten, pp. ofberstan, to burst.]
BORT, sb. Der.2 nw.Der.1 A band, a thick cord with
which to tie up hay.
[Prob. the same word as bought, the bend of a rope. A
bought plica, LEVINS Manip. ( 1570). See Bought, sb.1]
BORYER, see Borier.
BOS, see Buss.
BOSEN, see Boosing.
BOSEY, adj. and sb. e.Som. Also written bozey,
boazy. Used of coarse, long hay, growing under the
shade of trees, or of hay dried so rapidly that it cannot
be pressed together.
e.Som. I beant gwain to give "e much for that long bozey stuff
(G.S. ,; SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885).
BOSGIN, see Boskin. Buskin.
BOSH, sb.1 e.An. [boj.] In phr. to cut a bosh, to
make a fine figure, to make a swaggering appearance.
e.An.1 Nrf. GROSE (1790) ; N. & Q. (1882; 6th S. v. 38 ; Nrf.1
[Laughing at everybody . . . that does not cut as bold
a bosh as they do, AMHERST Terrae Fit. (1726) xlvi. 245
(N.E.D.). Steele uses bosh ivb.) in the sense of 'to cut
a dash ' : When to the plain garb of gown and band a
spark adds an inconsistent long wig, we do not say now
' he boshes,' but 'there goes a smart fellow,' Taller (1709)
No. 71.]
BOSH, sb.2 Shr.1 [boj.] The front part of the head
of a bull or boar. See Bash, sb*
BOSH, sb.3 Nhb. Yks. Stf. [boj.]
1. The bottom of the furnace where iron ore is melted,
the part that slopes to the hearth.
Nhb. Newcastle Wkly. Chron. Suppl. (Dec. 24, 1887) 3. Stf.
(K.); Stf.1
2. A metallurgist's cooling-trough.
Nhb. Newcastle Wkly. Chron. Suppl. (Dec. 24, 1887) 3. w.Yks.2
BOSHY-MAN. sb. Cor. A fop, a conceited fellow.
See Bosh, sb.1
w.Cor. O, once I had a shiner, And a boshy man was he,
THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) 25. Cor.1
BOSIE, sb. Sc. [bo-zi.] The bosom.
Sc. An' lat them deck thy virgin bosie, ALLAN Lilts (1874) 118.
Abd. I'm truly blest whan prest a while To its leal bosie, STILL
Cottars Sunday (1845) 144. Rnf. Some cuddlin' i' their mithers'
bosie, YOUNG Pictures (1865) 171. Lnk. Shut yer e'en again,
Cuddle in a bosie, THOMSON Leddy May (1883) 117. Lth. Then
dinna me tak Frae that bosie awa', BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 77.
BOSK, sb. and v. Sc. Yks. Chs. [bosk.]
1. sb. An underwood thicket, a bush, esp. a small bush
of thorn or brier stuck in the fields to prevent poaching.
Cf. busk, sb.
Yks. Yks. Wkly. Post (Aug. n, 1883) 6. Chs.1
Hence Bosky, adj. bushy, shady, wooded.
Sc. The screen drawn in front of the bosky stage, SCOTT St.
Ronan (1824) xx ; Or doon in the bosky glades, ALLAN Lilts
(1874) 364 ; Awa alane I'll wander, By bosky banks and dells,
Ballads (1885). Abd. This nicht ye'll cross the bosky glen, THOM
Rhymes (1844) 100. Gall. She went to hide in some bosky bouroch,
CROCKETT Moss-Hags (1895) i. w.Yks.1, Chs.13
BOSKILL
2. v. To place bushes in newly mown meadows to
prevent poachers from drawing nets over them.
Chs.1 Bosking the fields.
[1. Vnderboske shal men weder abide, Quo)) Hendyng,
Prov. Hendyng (c. 1300), in Spec. E. E. II. 40 ; And every
bosky bourn, MILTON Comus (1634) 312.]
BOSKILL, sb. Rxb. (JAM.) An opening in the middle
of a stack of corn made by pieces of wood fastened at the
top. See Boss. sb*
BOSKIN, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Written
bosking Chs.3; also in form bosgin Chs.1 Stf.2 Der.2
nw.Der.1 [bo'skin, bo'zgin.]
1. That part of a'shippon' or cow-house which separates
the animals from each other.
w.Yks.2, Lan.1, e.Lan.1 Chs. Chs. N. & Q. (1882) No. 695, I. 224 ;
Chs.18, Stf.2, Der.2, nw.Der.1
2. Comp. (i) Bosgin -rail, part of the framework of a
bosgin ; (2) -stump, a strong oak post set firmly in the
ground, into which the rails are mortised.
Chs.1 The bosgin stump is sometimes carried up to the roof,
which not only makes it firmer, but acts as a support to the roof.
[Boose (sb.), q.v. + -kin, dim. suff.]
BOSKY, adj. Sc. Lin. Nhp. e.An. Sus. Hmp. I.W.
Dev. Cor. Slang. Also written busky Dev. [bcrski.]
The worse for drink ; stupid with intoxication or
repletion.
Lth. (JAM.), Lin.l, Nhp.2, e.An.1, Nrf.1, Suf. (F.H.), Suf.1, Sus.2,
Hmp.1, I.W.1 Dev. GROSE 1 1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Bill How corned
'ome bosky last night an' brawked awl tha dome 'pon dresser,
HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 55. n.Dev. Why, buoy, art bosky, or
scoochy-pawed? ROCK. Jim an' Nell '^1867; st. 19. Dev.1 You must
tell every living soul that I was bosky and vall'd into the mud-pool,
must ye dem? 13. COT. Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 423. Slang.
FARMER.
Hence Bosky-eyed, adj. intoxicated.
Dev. Shudden winder if 'e idden bosky-eyed avore night, 'e °th
adued nort but guzzle awl day, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 85 ; I'm
baggared ef 'e idden busky-eyed again, an' 'e tflked tha pledge only
last week, ib.
[Bosky, half or quite fuddled, BAILEY (1755)-]
BOSOM, sb. Nhb. e.An. Hmp. Som. [bo'zam, bu-zsm.]
1. The bag of a fishing-net in which the fish are gen.
caught.
Nhb.1 The net is so constructed as to belly-out in mid-water when
being hauled in. Hmp. The salmon-nets on the Avon are made
wider in thecentre than at the sides forobvious reasons (H.C.M.B.).
2. The join in a grain of wheat.
e.An.1 If you put some wheat into water the bosom will open.
3. Weaving term : the division made between the threads
of the warp through which the shuttle has to pass.
w.Som.1 It is important to keep u ai'vm !>uu/-uni [an even
bosom], .that is, to have the rows of threads quite even in line,
otherwise the shuttle strikes them in passing, and is either diverted
rom its course or the threads are broken. An old weaver's advice
is : ' Always keep your eye pon the bosom.'
BOSOM, v. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Der. Also written
bossom Wm.1 [bo'zam, bo'sam.]
1. To eddy, to whirl.
w.Yks. The smoke coming down the chimney into the room, or
the wind swirling through a narrow passage, are said to bosom
(B.K.); w.Yks.1 T'wind bosoms. ne.Lan.1 Der. Cornh. Mag.
(1865) XII. 39.
2. Comp. Bosom-wind, an eddying or whirling wind.
Cum.1 Wm.1 Theears alias a bossom wind e that neeak.
[The same as bosom, sb. The word means to form a
bosom, to belly, as a sail in the wind. Thai . . . halit wp
bare salis hie That bowsummit with be wyndis blast,
HARBOUR Troy-book (c. 1375) II. 1699 (N.E.D.).]
BOSS, sb.1 Var. dial. uses. Also written bass w.Wor.1
1. A protuberance of iron in the top part of the spindle
in which the ' brandarts ' were placed ; any swelling on a
piece of iron.
w.Yks. (J.T.) ; Shr.1
2. The nave of a wheel.
w.Yks. (J.T.) ; w.Yks.2, Not.2
3. A bunch or tuft of grass, ribbon, &c. ; a rosette, a tassel.
se.Wor.i, Glo.1
\
[349]
BOSS
4. The palm or hollow of the hand.
w.Wor.1 ' 'E's cut 'isself right across the bass o' the 'and with a
rip-puk,' or rippook [reaping-hook].
6. A large round stone or iron ball, used in marble
playing.
Nhn .2 ^
Nhp.2 To bowl with a boss.
6. A fat, lazy woman.
Lan.1 Hoo's a great idle boss. Look at her childer, they'n tell
thi what hoo is.
Hence Bosser, adj. Of persons : exceedingly stout ;
buxom.
Not.1 A fine bussen wench.
[6. A fat boss, fernme bien grasse et grosse, une Coche,
SHERWOOD ; Disdainful Turkess and unreverend boss !
MARLOWE i Tamburlaine (1587) in. hi, ed. Cunningham,
16. Fr. bosse, a bunch ; a knob, knot, or knur in a tree ;
a bosse or imbossing in workmanship (COTGR.).]
BpSS, sb* Oxf. e.An. [bos.] A hod for mortar,
carried on the shoulder by masons.
Oxf. (K.J, e.An.1, Nrf.1
[Clifoire, a plaisterers tray or boss, COTGR.]
BOSS, sb.3 Wxf. Cum. [bos.]
1. A hassock. See Bass, sb.1 4.
Wxf. The front is occupied with stools or straw bosses. KENNEDY
Banks Boro (1867) 185.
2. A milkmaid's cushion for the head. Cum.1
[1. Round which they sat on their haunches upon bosses
of straw, SWIFT Gulliver (1727) bk. iv. ii.]
BOSS, sb* Lth. Nhb. [bos.] A frame of wood on a
staddle ; see also quot.
Lth. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). Lth., Nhb. The hollow frame
of wood of hexagonal pyramid shape, gen. eight or ten feet high,
composed of as many separate spars rising up into the centre of
the stack for the admission of air to prevent the grain from getting
heated. This, with the crossbars of wood on which it rests to
keep the stacks off the ground, is called the boss (J.M. ).
Hence Bossins, sb. apertures left in ricks for the
admission of air to preserve the grain from being heated
QAM.).
BOSS, v.1 and sb.s Brks. Suf. and in gen. dial, or slang
use.
1. v. To miss an aim, to make a mistake.
Brks. He had six shies at the cocoa-nuts, and he bossed every
time (W.H.E.). Snf. (C.G.B.)
Hence Bosser, sb. one who misses an aim, or makes
a mistake. Brks. (W.H.E.J
2. sb. A mistake.
Brks. He then tried to jump the ditch to the big stone, but in
his hurry he made a boss and fell into the water (,W.H.E.).
3. Comp. Boss-shot, an aim which misses the mark, an
unsuccessful venture.
Suf. A bad shot with a stone is called a boss-shot (C.G. B.).
BOSS, v? Wor. Hrf. [bos.] To take the heads off
clover early, so that the second grown heads may produce
seed.
Wor. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. vi863).
Hence Bosser, sb. a machine used to extract clover-
seed. Hrf.2
BOSS, v.3 Chs. Not. Lei. Sus. [bos.] To bang, throw,
or put down with violence ; to punish a boy by seizing
him by the legs and arms and banging him against a wall ;
also intrans. to sit down violently.
s.Not. He bossed against me. They caught hold of him and
bossed him against the wall. He bossed the basket of eggs down
on the ground. You'll break the chair, bossing down like that
(J.P.K.). Not.1, Lei.1, Sus.1
Hence (i) Boss, sb. a heavy fall or blow ; (2) Bossing,
vbl. sb. the punishment described above.
(i) s.Chs.1 Daayn ey kiim sich' u bos [Dam hey come sich a boss].
Not. I tumbled down such a boss. We ran into one another such
a boss (J.P.K.). (2) Lei.1
BOSS, adj. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Also written bose Sc. Ir. ;
boase Sc. ; and in form boassed, host Uls. [bos, bos.]
Hollow; empty; also Jig.
Sc. A goose is nae good meat, A hen is boss within, HERD Coll.
Sngs. (1776) II. 204 ; An' no like boss houk'd gutless hills i'
Lowden, A SCOTT Poems ,ed. 1808) 34 , As for James More, the
BOSS
BOTANY BAY
man's as boss as a drum, STEVENSON Catriona (1895) xxix ; A boss
sound. Of one emaciated by some internal disease it is said ' He s
a' boss within.' A shell without a kernel is said to be boss, and hs
is said to be ' nae boss man' who has a considerable share of under-
standing (JAM.). Abd. For he's nae boss, six score o' lambs this
year, Ross Helenore (1768) 149. Fif. A State Kirk maks boss
Christians, ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 128. Ayr. He broke a
stone . . . and in the heart of it (which was boss) there was found
a living creature, GALT Ann. Parish (1821) x. Lnk. He saw, he
gloomed, and shook his thick boss head, RAMSAY Poems (ed. 1800)
I. 285 (JAM.) ; Let misers hoard their dross, bonnie lassie, O,
Their pleasure's unco boss, bonnie lassie, O, THOMSON Leddy May
(1883) 154 ; Ye're eating by ordinar'. Ye canna be boss noo,
FRASER Whaups (1895) x. N.I.1 The goose is a bonny bird if it
was not bose. Uls. Boassed is used gen. of potatoes that are rotten
at the core (M.B.-S.). Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892). N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
Hence Bossness, sb. hollowness. Sc. (JAM.)
[The bois cavis sowndit and maid a dyn, DOUGLAS
Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, n. 70.]
BOSS, see Bass, Buss.
BOSSACK, sb. w.Wor.1 A footstool. Cf. bassock.
BOSSELL, sb. Hit. Hmp. Wil. Also written bozzell
Wil.1 ; bozzle Hmp.1 ; boswell Hrt. [bo'zl.] The corn
marigold, Chrysanthemum segetum. Cf. bozzom, huddle.
Hrt. ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) II. 18. Hmp.1 Wil. DAVIS Agric.
(1813) ; Wil.1
[Bossell prob. repr. boss, sb.l + -el, the flower being so
called from the soft ball in the middle ; see Gerarde (ed.
(1633) 743.]
BOSSEN, pp. Stf. Wor. Shr. [bo'san.] Full to re-
pletion, to bursting. See Bost, v.1
w.Wor.1 ''E stuffed 'isselftill I thowt'e'dabossen.' Sometimes
'to go bossen' is used. ' Dunna pug that owd strap so tight, ar 'e'll
go bossen.' Shr.1 I conna tak' no more, Missis, I'm welly bos'n.
Hence Bossen, v. to burst.
Stf. I'll jump on yer and bossen yer (W.H.).
[Bossen repr. an obs. bursten (borsten), pp. of burst (vb.).]
BOSS-EYED, adj. In gen. dial, use in s. and midl.
counties, [bo's-aid.]
1. Having a squint, cross-eyed, having the eyes unequal
or dissimilar ; one-eyed.
s.Not. (J.P.K.),War.3, w.Wor.1. Oxf.WS. add., Brks. (W.H.E.),
Suf. (F.H.) Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1 Hmp., Wil. Said of a girl whose
eye had been half-closed by a blow, ' She does look frightful.
She's quite boss-eyed ' (W.H.E.). Cor.3 Slang. FARMER.
Hence Boss-eye, sb. a person having an obliquity
of vision.
Brks., Hmp., Wil. (W.H.E.) Slang. FARMER.
2. Fig. Of things : crooked, one-sided ; of little use,
unreliable.
Brks., Hmp., Wil. The horse shied and we ran up against the
gate-post, and knocked the step of the cart all boss-eyed (W.H.E. ).
BOSSIE, see Bassie.
BOSSOCK, v. Yks. Lin. e.An. [bo'sak.]
1. To toss and tumble, to throw into an irregular heap,
to huddle.
e.An.1, Nrf.1 Suf. He bossocked down his tools and walked off
(F.H.).
2. To bask in the heat of sun or fire.
n. Yks. (T.S.) Lin. The cat is lying bossocking before the fire
(I.W.).
BOSSOCK, see Buzzock.
BOSSY-CALF, see Bussa-calf.
BOST, w.1 Chs. Stf. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Dev.
[bost] Pret. bosted, pp. bost, bosten, bosted.
1. To burst. Often used as a mild imprecation.
Chs. You been like Smithwick, either clemed or bossten, RAY
Prov. (1678) 193, ed. 1860. Stf. To see him ate yo'd think he'd
bost, PINNOCK Black Cy. Ann. (1895) ; Stf.2 Bost ja \ wei konar
ja giv uar livin msi alun. Oiv etn Sat muts til oim weli bostid.
War.3 Yo mo'ant leave nothin' on yo're plaut [plate] — its bad
manners. Yo' must eat till yo' bost fust. [Heard at the annual
dinner of the parish ringers.] w.Wor.1 That thahr culvert 'as
bosted up. se.Wor.1 Bost this door, 'e wunt open. Shr.1 1 doubt
we sha'n 'ave to bost that door open. Bost that chap, w'y couldna-d
'e a lef that lather w'eer I put it ? Hrf.2 Glo. ' Bost thy kearcass,'
I zays to un, BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn (1890) xiv ; Glo.1 No, I'm
bost if I do.
Hence Bosted, ppl. adj. used as an intensitive.
s.Wor.' They bosted woCnts [moles]. Glo. (A.B.)
2. To break.
n.Dev. Tha woulst bost any keendest theng, Exm. Scold. (1746)
1.50.
3. To hurry. Also with prep, off, to start off, to begin.
w.Wor. They bosted, and jump-ed, an' (lewd, is, em did, S. BEAU-
CHAMP N. Hamilton (1875) II. 289.
BOST, v? Sh.I. (Coll. L.L.B.) To scold, to speak
roughly.
[Quhat wenys thou so to effray and bost me ? DOUGLAS
Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, in. 348.]
BOSTHOON, sb. Irel. [bostu'n.] A big, awkward
fellow ; a witless, senseless, tactless fellow.
Ir. Sure only for this, I say, you bosthoon . . . where "ud the
purty colleen be? CARLETON TraitsPeas. (1843)!. 348; He reasoned
with himself that he must have been a great little-good-for, and
a blamed ould handless bosthoon, BARLOW Idylls (1892) 52 ;
(G.M.H.) w.Ir. The other bosthoon was roarin' from mornin' till
night, LOVER Leg. (1848) II. 542. Wxf. Annoyed by the impudent
look the bosthoon gave us, KENNEDY Evenings (1869) 37.
[Ir. bastun, a poltroon (O'DonovAN).]
BOSTLE, see Borstal.
BOSTLER, see Borsholder.
BOSTOCK ORANGE, sb. Chs.1 A kind of apple.
BOSWELL, sb. Lan. Not. Lin. Also written bossill,
bozzell, bozzill n.Lin.1 ; bpsl Not.2 [bo'zl.] A gypsy.
Not.2 Lin. Why, if there isn't some o' them bozzel chaps a
nippin' up our rabbits, PEACOCK R. Skirlaugh (1870) 1. 113. n.Lin.1
(Aug. 21, 1848) Pursuing some Bossills to put them out of Carr, 35.,
BIyton, Constable's bill.
Hence (i) Boswellgang, sb. a gypsy track ; hence fig.
a maze, a perplexity ; (2) Bozzelling, vbl. sb. living on
commons and in lanes after the manner of gypsies.
(i) Lan. Some of the folk as went thro' a' the boswellgang on't
theirselves, ELLIS Pronunc. (1889) V. 357. (2) n-Lin.1
[The word is said to be from the name of Charles
Bosvile or Boswell, a Yorkshire gentleman, who estab-
lished a sort of sovereignty among the gypsies, who,
before the enclosures, used to frequent the moors about
Rossington. He died in 1709; see HUNTER South Yorks.
1.68.]
EOT, sb.1 Usually in pi. Lan. Chs. Der. Nhp. War.
Cor. Also written buts Cor.12 [bot.] A parasitical
worm or maggot; an intestinal worm, esp. the larva
inhabiting the digestive organs of the horse ; the larva of
the gadfly under the skin of cattle ; a grub of any kind.
See Bats.
Lan.1, Chs.1, nw.Der.1 Nhp.1 A common term with gardeners
for all underground grubs ; many of which feed on vegetables by
night, and bury themselves by day, such as the larvae of the cock-
chafer, and the great red underwing. War. (J.R.W.); War.3,
Cor.12 [GROSE (1790) MS. add. (M.)]
[The bottes, verminatio. Morbus praesertim tutnentorum
quum torminibus afficiunlur, BARET (1580) ; The bottes is
an yll dysease, and they lye in a horse mawe . . . and
stycke faste in the mawe-syde, FITZHERBERT Husb. (1534)
70.]
BOT, sb.2 Obs.? Yks. A bungler, a jobber. See
Botch, sb.1
w.Yks. WATSON Hist. Hlfx. (1775) 534 ; w.Yks.*
BOT, sb.3 Obsol. Yks. Also written botte. An iron
implement used for marking sheep.
ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. The manner is to give lambes a tarre marke
before they goe to the field, and our usuall way is to give them
only the botte on the farre buttocke, and sometimes to run the
edge of the botte downe the neare liske, BEST Rur. Econ. (1641) la.
BOT, see Bat.
BOTANY, sb. Yks. [bo'tni.] Knitting wool.
w.Yks. Shoo wor abaht t'shap ov a ball o' botany, CUDWORTH
Sketches (1884) 13 ; An old expression probably in use before
Botany Tops were known, and when Botany was only known as
a fingering wool (J.F.).
[Short for Botany wool, orig. wool from Botany Bay,
but applied to all Australian wool.]
BOTANY BAY, sb. Lin. Cor. 1. In phr. (i) to send
to Botany Bay, to transport no matter where ; (2) he's gone
BOT-BEETLE
[35i]
BOTHER
to Botn'y Baay and thedre he maay staay, reply given to
a question as to the whereabouts of another when one
does not wish to give the true answer. n.Lin.1 2. The
plant hydrangea. Cor.1 2
BOT-BEETLE, sb. Hrf.2 A large wooden hammer
used for beating up clods.
BOTCH, v. and sb.1 In gen. dial. use. [bo'tf.]
1. v. To patch ; to mend clumsily. Cf. bodge.
Wm.1 I'll botch up t'brokken cartgear ta morn. n.Yks.2 m.Yks.1
Can you manage to botch my boots to-morrow ? w.Yks. He wor
a famous fella for botchin" an' tinkerin' abaht machines, Saunterer's
Satchel (1877) 35 ; w.Yks.23 Lan. He'd un ow'd pere o' whirlers
on, aw botch'd hop wi' white wollen yorn, PAUL BOBBIN Sequel
^1819) 8 ; DAVIES Races (1856) 277. Stf.2, Shr.1
Hence (i) Botcher, sb. a cobbler, a mender of clothes ;
(2) Botching, vbl. sb. patching; (3) Botchment, sb. an
ugly patch, or addition to anything.
(i) Uls. Ulster Jm. Arch. (1853-1862). w.Yks.3 [HoNE Table-
bk. II. 717.] (2) n.Cy. The tailors, too, that botching dew, DIXON
Sngs. Eng. Peas. (1846) 174. (3) n.Lin.1 ' That theare beeldin'
looks a queer botchment aside th' chech-steaple.' This was said
of a temporary workshop, which was used by the masons when
Bottesford Church was restored.
2. To do a thing badly, to spoil.
w.Yks.4 Ken. Yu've botched it now. you numskul (W.D.P.).
Slang. The mushroom-faker's work is often done adroitly, and as
often bunglingly, or, in the trade term, ' botched,' MAYHEW Loud.
Labour (1861) II. 115.
Hence (i) Botched, ppl. adj. spoiled ; (2) Botcher, sb.
abungler.
(i) Abd. Haein'to deewi' itherfowk'sbotch't wark, ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb ^1871) xv. (2) Nrf.1
3. sb. A piece of spoilt work, a clumsy job.
Cum.1 Thou hez meadd a botch on't now. e.Yks. He makes a
botch ov iwery thing he diz, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 54. w.Yks.
Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Dec. 27, 1890). Stf.2
4. A bungler, a clumsy workman.
n.Yks.1 He's nobbut an aud botch. He's mair lahk t'mar an
t'mend: n.Yks.2 e.Yks.1 Jack's a reg'lar botch, MS. add. (T.H.1)
m.Yks.1 Applied familiarly to a cobbler. w.Yks. BANKS Wkfld.
Wds. (1865). [A botch or botcher is a man who cannot make a fair
good job or turn out work with any credit either to himself or to his
employer, and who therefore undersells good workmen, Gl. Lab.
(1894).]
[1. I botche or patche an olde garment ... I have
botched my hosen at the heles, PALSGR. (1530) ; Eche
feble thingus thei bocchyn, WYCLIF (1382) 2 Chron.
xxxiv. 10. (i) Botchare of olde thinges, resartor, Prompt.,
ed. Pynson (1499). (3) Botchement, additamentum, ib.
2. To botche or bungyll a garment as he dothe that is nat
a perfyte workeman, PALSGR. (1530). 3. Learne of me
what woman is ... A mere botch, HERRICK Hesp. (1648)
BOTCH, sb.2 Yks. [botj.] A breaking-out on the
skin ; a sore ; an inflamed tumour.
n.Yks.2 e.Yks. NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 54. w.Yks. (J. R.R.)
[The Lord will smite thee with the botch of Egypt,
BIBLE Dent, xxviii. 27 ; Catullus cleped a consul of Rome,
that highte Nonius, postum or boc'h, CHAUCER Boethius,
bk. in. iv. Fr. dial. (Picard) boche; OFr. boce, inflamed
ulcer (LA CURNE) ; Fr. bosse, a wen, botch, bile (CoTGR.) ;
It. bozza, any pock, blain, botch, bile, or plague sore
(FLORIO).]
BOTCH, sb? Sus. A thump.
Sus. Phil. Soc. Trans. (1858) 149; HOLLOWAY.
BOTCHER, sb. Hrf. Glo. A salmon-trout ; a second-
year salmon.
Hrf. Salmon-fry or salmon-spinksare here known as ' last springs.'
. . Last springs having made a voyage to sea, return ' botchers ' in
the following summer, MARSHALL Review (1818) II. 301. Glo.1
[All migratory fish of the genus salmon, whether known by the
names hereinafter mentioned, that is to say, salmon, . . . girling,
grilse, botcher, bluecock, ... or by any other local name, Slat.
24 & 25 Vic. (1861) c. 109. § 4.]
BOTCHER, see Botchet.
BOTCHET, sb. Cum. Yks. Also in form botcher
Cum.1 [bo-tfit.] A kind of fermented drink made from
the last drainings or washings of the honeycomb ; used
also as a slang term for ale. See Bragget.
n.Cy. HOLLOWAY. Cum.1 Sweet as botcher. n.Yks.123 ne.Yks.1
In rare use. e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur.Econ. (1788). m.Yks.1 w.Yks.
An' a rare jolly chap he is wen heze had ta mitch botchit, as he calls
all t'drink he gets i' that hoose, Nidderdill O/m. (1873) Apr. Notes.
BOTCHY, adj. and sb. Wm. Stout, out of proportion ;
also as sb. a short, stout man.
Wm. His lal botchy legs they fair shog again when he tries
to run (B.K) ; Wm.1
BOTE, pret. and pp. Lan. [hot.] Bit, bitten. Cf.
bate, v*
Lan. Hoo'd newur bote sin breykfust toime, ORMEROD Felley
fro Rachde (1851) vi ; ' That's just reet,' as Finder said, when his
wife bote hur tung i' two, WAUGH Sketches (1855) 26 ; Lan.1 Mi
feyther lookt eawt into th' sthreet, An' bote his lip, bo never
spoke, RAMSBOTTOM Rhymes (1864) 73. e.Lan.1
[For wraththe he hot his lippes, P. Plowman (A.) v. 67 ;
His vn-cely swyn J>at . . . bote }>e best of his brachej f>e
bakkej in sunder, Gawayne (c. 1360) 1563. OE. bat,
pret. of bitan, to bite.]
BOTE, sb. Obs. Sc. n.Yks. Also written bute. Help,
advantage, bounty, compensation. Cf. boot, sb.
Sc. HERD Coll. Sngs. (1776) Gl. ; (JAM.) n.Yks.2 Hence Cart-
bote, Fire-bote, Hays- bote, Hedge-bote, House-bote, Plough-bote ;
wood allowed in former times by the estate owner to his tenants,
for making carts, for fuel, for boundaries or fences, building pur-
poses, for the construction of ploughs, &c.
[Bote or boote signifies help, succour, aide and advan-
tage, and .is commonly joyned with other words, as
bridg-boot, burgh-boot, fire-boot, hedg-boot,anA divers others,
BLOUNT (1670) ; Bote signifies compensation or satisfac-
tion, as man-bole, theft-bote, SKENE (1641) 24 ; To vencust
folkis is a confort and bute, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513), ed.
1874, ii. 89. OE. hot, compensation.]
BOTH, adj. Var. dial, uses in Irel. and Eng.
1. The both,,both, the two.
Myo. Here is the both of them, sure enough, STOKER Snake's
Pass (1891) i. Dev. (F.H.) Cor. They'm a matter o' six foot high,
the both— an' risin' forty, ' Q.' Troy Town (1888) iii.
2. In phr. (i) both of it, both of them ; (2) both of the two,
the couple of them ; (3) none of 'em both, neither of them.
(i) Dor., Som. Will you have some lettuce or onions, or both of
it? (W.B.T.) (2) n.Yks.2 Beeath o' t'tweea. (3) Ken.2
[1. It turnes bot tille be bothe, BRUNNE Chron. (1330)
269. 2. (2) Cp. ME. bothe two. And harlotrye they
tolden bothe two, CHAUCER C.T. A. 3184.]
BOTHAM, sb.1 Cor. Also written bothan. A tumour,
arising from a blow with a stick upon any part of the body.
Cor. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Cor.12
BOTHAM, sb.2 Also written bothem Cor.12; bothen
Hmp.1 (i) Chrysanthemum segeium, corn marigold (Hmp.1
Dor.); (2) Pyrethrum parlhenium, feverfew (Cor.12).
BOTHER, sb. Yks. Lan. Also written bodder n.Yks.
[bo'tSa(r).] Nonsense.
n.Yks. Sum mettedy er ranter bodder, CASTILLO Poems (1878)
42. Lan. It's varra likely what thou's tellin' ma is o' bother,
' EAVESDROPPER ' Vill. Life (1869) 61.
BOTHER, v. Sc. Irel. Yks. Lan. Nhp. Ess. Dev. Cor.
[bo-oXr).]
1. To deafen, to stun, to perplex with noisy and incessant
chatter, to confuse.
Ayr. The auld guidmen, about the grace, Frae side to side they
bother, BURNS Holy Fair (1785) st. 24. w.Yks.4 Lan. DAVIES
Races (1856) 227. Nhp.1 You bother me so with your chattering,
that I don't know what I'm about. s.Cy. HOLLOWAY. Sus.2,
Dev.1 Cor. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.)
Hence (i) Bother, sb. noise, disagreeable loquacity ; (2)
Bothered, ppl. adj. deaf; (3) Bothering, ppl. adj. noisy ;
(4) Bothering, vol. sb. a noise, a scolding.
(i) Nhp.1 Hold your bother. (2) Ir. I'm a bit bothered on both
sides of my head, CARLETON Traits Peas. (1843) 1. 308 ; Clergyman :
What is the meaning of ' He that hath ears to hear, &c.' ? — School-
boy : It manes any person could hear it unless he was bothered !
(P.W.J.) s.Ir. He only turned the bothered ear to the sound of
his mother's voice, CROKER Fairy Leg. (1862) aai. (3) Nhp.
Keep ofif the bothering bustle of the wind, CLARE Village Min.
(1821) I. 122 ; Nhp.1 They made such a bothering.
BOTHERATION
[352]
BOTTLE
2. To lull, to deaden.
s.Lns. Maybe if you'd take a drop it would boddher the sorra,
MrCALL Fenian Nights in Shamrock Mag. (Mar. 17. 1893) 424.
3. In phr. (i) to be bothered, a disguised form of swearing,
used to give emphasis to an assertion ; in gen. slang use ;
(2) to be bothered to a stake (?).
(i) Ess. He'll best yer, too, I'm bothered if he "ont, DOWNE
Ballads ,,1895) 31. Sur.1 I think we shall get some more snow,
bothered if I don't. (2) Dev. An' bothered to a stake, my boys,
There's nothin' else got half sitch joys, PULM AN Sketches (1853) 33.
[Not known to our correspondents.]
BOTHERATION, sb. In gen. dial. use. Confusion,
noise, trouble. Also used interjectively as an expletive.
Rnf. There's rowth o' steer and botheration, YOUNG Pictures
(1865) 170. Kcb. He jerkit oot, ' Wife, botheration ! ' ARMSTRONG
Musings (1890) 217. Ir. I've heard tell there does be ivery
manner of botheration sometimes, BARLOW Idylls (1892) 24
n-Lin.1 Botheraation ! what a truble you are, bairn. Nhp.1 What
a botheration you are making. Wil. Lar massy, wot a bothera-
tion Thame kickin' up ael droo tha naysh'un, SLOW Rhymes
(1889) 81.
Hence Botherationed, pp. worried.
Ir. If she's torminted wid anythin', ... or botherationed wid
folks risin argyfyments, BARLOW Idylls ( 1892) 197.
BOTHEREDNESS, sb. Cum. [Not known to our
other correspondents.] A state of worry.
Cum. One can well imagine the delicacy and botheredness
of bairns under speaning (E.W.P.).
BOTHERMENT, sb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Som. Dev. Also
written bodderment Cum. Wm.1 [bo'Sament, -mant]
Trouble, difficulty, perplexity.
Cum. A heap eh balderdash an bodderment, SARGISSON Joe
Scoap (1881)171; Cum.aTitle. Bobby Banks' Bodderment, 17. Wm.1
I want nin o' thi bodderment. n.Yks.1 Folks sez there's boun
t'be a bit iv a botherment about thae intaks ; n.Yks.2 e.Yks.
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 4 ; e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Som.1 A very
common word. We've a-had a sight o' bau'dhurmunt way thick
ob. Dev. (F.T.E.)
BOTHERSOME, adi. Irel. Cum. Yks. Lin. Also
written bothersum e.Yks.1 ; boddersom Cum. [bo'tSssam.]
Troublesome, bewildering, embarrassing.
Ant. (W.H.P.), Cum. (E.W.P.) n.Yks. This work's bother-
some (I.W.); n.Yks.2, e.Yks.1 n.Lin.i I'm scar'd we shall find
th' flees very bothersum to-year, noo ther's hardly ony swalla's
to catch 'em.
BOTHERUM, sb. Chs. Dor. Also written botherem
Dor. (i) Corn-marigold, Chrysanthemum segetum (see
Buddie) ; (2) Ivy-leaved speedwell, Veronica hederifolia.
(i) Dor. (W.F.) ; (C.W.) ; Dor.1 (2) Chs.1
BOTHERY, see Bour-tree.
BOTHIE, sb. Sc. Also written bathie (JAM.) ; bothy,
[bo-oi.]
1. A hut or shed where agricultural labourers and hinds
are lodged.
Sc. The wretched huts or bothies where he would be con-
demned to pass the night, SCOTT Leg. Mont. (1830) viii ; There
with the road underneath, and in sight of coaches and steamers
Sends up a volume of smoke the Bothie of Toper-na-fuosich]
CLOUGH Bothie ( 1848) ; MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). Kcd. For
i' the house he didna lie, But in a bothie i' the yard, BURNESS
Garron Ha' (c. 1823) 345. Frf. There were times when the
showmen made a tour of the bothies, where they ... gave their poor
performances to audiences that were not critical, BARRIE Licht
(ed. 1893) 47. Per. Letting his house and living in the bothie
IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush ^1895) 175. Gall. Go to the bothies of
the bachelor foresters, CROCKETT Moss-Hags (1895) xxxiv.
2. Comp. (i) Bothie-man, a hind ; (2) -woman, the
woman who takes charge of the bothie.
(i) Per. fjAM.^ (2) n,Sc. (W.GO
BOTHOM, sb. Sc. Irel. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der.
Also written botham w. Yks.2 Chs.18 Stf. ; bothum w. Yks.3
e.Lan.1 Der.1; bottham w.Yks. Dial. pron. of bottom a v
BOTHRESH, s6. I.W.1 The squalling thrush, ' bull-
thrush,' q.v.
BOTS, sb. Obsol. Suf. A proud woman
Snf. (F.H.); Sometimes heard, but not commonly known C G B 1
BOTTERY, see Bour-tree.
BOTTHEEN, sb. Irel. A short stick.
Crl., Wxf. A botheen in my fist I'll hold To bate the dogs and
ganders bold, Noinms (1894) 74-
[Ir. batin, dim. of bat, a stick, staff (O'REILLY).]
BOTTLE, sb.1 and v.1 Var. dial, usages in Sc. and Eng.
Also written bwuttle se.Wor.1
1. sb. A small keg or cask used by labourers for carrying
cider or beer.
Nhp. And hand the stout hooped bottle round the ring, CLARE
Shep. Calendar (1827) 72 ; Nhp.1,' War.3, s.Wor. (F.W.M.W.)
se.Wor.1 A bwuttle, holding from two to four quarts (sometimes
larger). It is usually painted blue or lead colour. Shr.1 Tell
Bill to tak' the 'ackney mar' an' start off 66th them two bottles
an' bayte-bags to the turmit fallow. Hrf.12 Glo. (A.B.) ; Glo.1
n.Wll. Messengers come here for cans of beer, and carry out also to
the field wooden ' bottles ' — small barrels holding a gallon or two,
JEFFERIES Wild Life (1879) 142. Wil.» Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
2. The contents of a bottle of medicine.
Fif. It's my heart, the Doctor says. He gae me a bottle,
ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 173. Ayr. He gets his draps at
eleven, his bottle at twa, his draps again at four, and then of
course his poother at bed-time, SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887) 123.
Gall. A ' bottle ' in this sense is quite common, whether for internal
or external use, to describe its unknown and mysterious contents
(A.W.). e-Dur.1
3. The dug of a cow. e.An.1, Nrf.1
4. A lump formed under the throat of sheep. War.3
5. Comb, (i) Bottle-bird, an apple rolled up and baked
in a crust ; (2) -bottoms, the dregs of a bottle of ale ;
(3) -crony, a boon companion ; (4) -fly, a bluebottle ; (5)
•jack, a bottle-shaped machine working by clockwork
and used to turn meat in roasting ; (6) -jug, the bottle-tit,
Parus caudatus ; (7) -of-all-sorts, the plant Pulmonaria
officinalis ; (8) -of-sorts, the plant Centaurea cyanus ; (9)
-ore, the seaweed, Fucus nodosus; (10) -rack, a wooden
frame in which empty bottles are kept ; (i i) -screw, a cork-
screw ; (12) — Tom, the Long-tailed Tit, Parus caudatus.
(i) e.An.1 So called from its fancied resemblance to birds
nestling in those bottle-shaped receptacles, placed for that
purpose under the eaves of some old buildings. Nrf.1 (2) w.Yks.
J.T.) (3) Fif. His bottle-cronies' faces, . . . Glister't on ilk side
like a raw O' hairst-moons down the table, TENNANT Papistry (1827)
24. (4) n-Lin.1 (5 w.Yks. Thay tangd an bate me noaze wal it
wor az big az a bottle-jack, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann.
':8s6) 41 ; (J.T.) n.Lin.1, War.3 (61 Lei.1 (7) Cum.1 8;
w.Yks. LEES Flora (1888) 283. (9) Sc.I. The gross Bottle-ore,
which has hollow nobs, or pustules, in it, is reckoned to make the
best kelp (B. & H.). (10) n.Lin.1 (n) Dor. (A.C.)- (12) e.An.1
Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) 43. [SWAINSON Birds
1885) 31-]
6. v . To rear by aid of a bottle.
n.Lin.1 Used with regard to lambs, and sometimes, though
rarely, to foals.
7. To pelt with bottles.
Lan. They wur ready welly to do owt at each other, fro
' bottlin ' to murder, STATON B. Shuttle, 12.
[1. OF. hotel (pi. bateaux), a barrel (LA CURNE).]
BOTTLE, sb.2 In gen. dial, use in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also written battle Lnk. N.I.1 ; bottil w.Yks.1 A bundle
of hay, straw, or sticks ; a gleaner's burden.
Slg. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). Lnk. Born in a garret, un-
heedit, unfed, Wi' a battle o' strae ma only bed, THOMSON Leddy
May (1883) 102. eith. Grippit me in his arms like a bottle o'
strae, FRASER Whaups (1895) xv. N.I.1, Nhb.1 w.Yks.1 A bottle
is a bundle wisped up ; a batten a bound bundle. ne.Yks.1, e.Yks.1
m.Yks.1 An old-fashioned portion, enough to bed a horse up to its
knees. w.Yks.1 A girt clunterlee felloe wee a bottil of beesoms
teed on his back, ii. 356; w.Yks. ™, Chs.13, Der.1 Not. I first let
the twigging to the besom makers at so much per bottle, MARSHALL
Review (1814) IV. 161 ; (W.H.S.) ; Not.1, nXin.1 swXin.1 He's
cutten a score of bottles of pea-rods. Lei.1 Nhp.12 Applied in
some parts of the county to a gleaner's burden. War. WISE
Shakespere (1861) 150. Shr.1 I axed the Maister to let me 'ave
a bit of 'ay ; 'e said 'e darna sell, but 'e'd gie me a bottle, as the
cow wus nigh cauvin. Bdf. The quantity a man carries on a fork
over his shoulder, when he fodders the cattle (J.W.B.) ; BATCHE-
Lov.Anal.Eng. Lang. (1809). Hnt. (T.P.F.) e-An.1 Barley bottles
were little bundles of barley in the straw, given to farm horses.
Nrf.1 Suf. RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 289, ed. 1849. w.Som.1 Only
BOTTLE
[353]
BOTTOM
u.v.:d in the common saying: Mud su wuul leok vur u nee'el een u
bairtl u stroa [one may as well search for a needle in a bottle of
straw].
Hence Bottle, v. Of hay : to make into a bundle.
Sc. (JAM.) Yks. You may bottle it [the hay pulled out of
a stack by sheep] up and carry it, and put it in one of the stand-
heckes, BEST Rur. Econ. (1641) 74.
[To look for a needle in a bottle of hay, CLARKE
Pin-as. Puer. (1655) ; Ask you for the hosteller, he is
above in the haye lofte makynge botelles, U esl la hault en
la granche du foyn la on il botelle, PALSGR. (1530) 620 ; He
shal telle a tale, by my fey ! Al-though it be nat worth a
hotel hey, CHAUCER C. T. H. 14 ; Boteler, to bottle, to make
into bottles or bundles, COTGR. Anglo-Norman hotel,
'botte de foin' (Moisv) ; Fr. bateau, a bottle, as of hay
(COTGR.).]
BOTTLE, sb3 Obs. n.Cy. A house, a dwelling.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS. add. ( M.) Nhb. (K.) ; Nhb.1 Only in
place-names : Bottle Bank, Walbottle, &c.
[Son summ be laffdij Marje comm Till Zacarijess bottle,
Ormulum (c. 1220) 2788. OE. boil. To bsera sacerda
ealdres botle, Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 3. (The same as the
'bottle' in place-names, Bottle-Claydon, Harbottle, New-
bottle.)]
BOTTLE, sb* and v? Som. [bo'tl, bo'dl.]
1. sb. A bubble, bladder ; a blister.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 Dhu skee-n oa un wuz au-1
oa*vur bau'dlz, jis dhu vuur'ee sae'unvz au'f ee-d u-ae-ud u
bliis 'tur au 'n [his skin was all over bladders, just as if he had been
blistered].
2. v. To form bubbles or bladders ; to blister.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 Aew dhu paa-ynt-s u-bautld !
[how the paint is blistered"!.
BOTTLE, v.3 Stf. [bo'tl.] To beat in a transaction
or argument ; to puzzle.
Stf.2 Wei Cat kiln botlz mei ; oi konar meik jed nar t!l on it.
BOTTLE-BRUSH, sb. Applied to several plants : (i)
Hippuris vulgaris, mare's tail (w.Yks.3 Hmp.1) ; (2) Equi-
setum arvense (Sur.1) ; (3) E. sylvaticum (Sc. Nhb. Dur.) ;
(4) Spergula aruensis (w.Yks.3).
BOTTLE-BUMP, sb. Yks. e.An. The bittern. See
Butter -bump.
Yks. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 146. e.An.1 Nrf. COZENS-HARDY
Broad Nrf. (1893) 51 ; Nrf.1
BOTTLE-NOSE, sb. Sc. Lin. e.An.
1. The common porpoise.
nXin.1, e-An.1, Nrf.1
2. A species of whale, 'ca'ing whale.'
Or.I. (JAM.) S. & Ork.1 Dmb. A species of whales called Bottle-
noses have sometimes run aground during the tide of ebb, Row
Dmb. Statist. Ace. (JAM.)
BOTTLE-TIT, sb. Yks. Not. Lin. Nhp. War. Wor.
Shr. Hrf. e.An. Ken. Hmp. Wil. Also in form botty-tit
Suf. [bo'tl-tit.] The long-tailed tit, Pants caudatus.
w.Yks. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 31, 32. Not.3, nXin.1 Nhp.1
While the bottle-tit hangs At the end of a twig, CLARE MS. Poems.
War.3 w.Wor. Berrovjs Jrn. (Mar. 3, 1888). Shr.1, Hrf.2,
Nrf.1 Suf. NALL Gl. Ken. Science Gossip (1882) 65. Hmp. DE
CRESPIGNY New Forest (1895) 113. n.Wil. Hullucky ! 'e got
a bottle-tit's neast (E.H.G.). Wil.1
BOTTLING-BOOT, sb. Mid. A leather case to hold
a bottle while it is being corked.
Mid. Inventory of Household Goods, Staines (1801), N. & Q.
(1894) 8th S. vi. 329.
BOTTOM, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also Colon. Also written bottim Hrf.2; botham w.Yks.2
Chs.18 Stf.; botton n.Yks.1 ne.Yks.1 w.Yks.; boddom
Cum.1 n.Yks. "e.Yks.1; boddam Cum. Dev. ; boddum
S. & Ork.1 ne.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 ; bodd'm Dev. ; bodm Wm.1 ;
bothuni w.Yks.3 [bo'tam, bo'tSam, bo'dam.]
1. The lowest part of a valley ; a gully, ravine ; low-
lying land subject to inundation. Freq. in pi.
s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890). s.Wxf. Maybe, they've strayed
down the bottoms, Fenian Nights in Shamrock Mag. (Feb. 17,
1894) 329. Nhb. Valleys smiling, bottoms pleasing, RICHARDSON
Borderer's Table-bk. (1846) VII. 10. Cum.1 Wm.1 ' T'bodm o'
Westmerland ' is a phr. for the comparatively level portion of the
VOL. I.
county. n-Yks.1 The township of Greenhowe, a part of which,
significantly called Greenhowe-Bottom, is a narrow secluded vale,
so deeply intrenched with mountains that here in the depth of
winter the sun never shines, GRAVES Hist. Clevel. 254. ne.Yks.1
e.Yks. The descent to the shore through these ' bottoms ' is in
most cases very abrupt, GASKELL Sylvia (1863) I. iv ; e.Yks.1
w.Yks. We'll lock up, an" go see thy cousin Joe at Eccleshill
botham, CUDWORTH Sketches (1884) 120 ; w.Yks.2 Chs.1 ; Chs.3
Mappin Woodcock oo'l be i' th' Bothams. n.Lin.1 Squire boht
them beck-bottoms uncommon dear. Hrf.2 Them be hard dogs,
them down in Combe's Moor bottims. G!o. The deep vallies
where the clothiers chiefly inhabit, as Chalford Bottom, Stroud
Bottom, &c., GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) ; Glo.12 Brks.1 Moor
likely 'e'll vind a haayre on the brow 'an in the bottom. Bck.
Thurley Bottom near Great Marlow, N. & Q. (1853) ist S.
vii. 608. Ken. Margate Bottom, Rollins Bottom (D.W.L.). Sur.
Two places to which the word is applied, viz. Smitham Bottom and
Boxhill Bottom, A'. & Q. (1853) ist S. vii. 51. Sus. Down dat
'ere bottom, LOWER Stray Leaves (1862) 92 ; Sus.1 Hmp. Hammer
Bottom, Dangley Bottom (W.M.E.F.); Hmp.1 n.Wil. The houses
are in the hollows, the ' coombes ' or ' bottoms ' as they are
called, where the springs run, JEFFERIES Wild Life (18791 aa.
Wil.1 Dor. They don't sell milk to [at] Creech Bottom (J.B.P.).
Som. 'An' dru th' boddam var an' near, PULMAN Sketches (1842) 55,
ed. 1853 ; There's a girt deep bottom goes down so deep as
the tower, ELLIS Pronunc. (1889) V. 151. n.Dev. Down they went
into the black bottom, CHANTER Witch (1896) 6. e.Dev. Ai went
deun ta th' nit-gird'n ta leuke at th' freute in th' bodd'm, PULMAN
Sng. Sol. (1860) vi. ir. Cor.12
2. The floor of a mine; old stream-works.
Nhb.1 A fathom boring in the thill or bottom under the coal you
would work, J. C. Compleat Collier (1708) 14. Cor.2 When the
deepest parts of a mine are freed by a pumping engine from the
accumulated water, miners say ' The bottoms are in fork.'
[N.S.W. Gus and his party were soon down to the bottom — that
is, the alluvial drift, the sand and water-worn pebbles, the gravel
and debris of the long dead, deeply buried stream, BOLDREWOOD
Miner (1890) I. v.]
3. Coarse iron ore ; rubble left by tin streamers in their
workings.
Stf., Cor. At Walsall and Rushal they divide their iron ore into
several sorts of w1* the two uppermost measures, as they call
them, are black-bothum and gray-bothum, w01' are so mean an ore
that they are seldom made use of (K.). Cor.2 MS. add.
4. Comp. Bottom-stone, the sixth parting in the iron-
stone. Stf.1
5. A board, gen. of narrow dimensions, but the full
breadth of the tree it was sawn from. Nhb.1
6. A small quantity of wine or spirit in a tumbler ready
to have water added to it. Common at all inns.
s.Lan. TALBOT MS. Gl. (1846). w.Som.1 A bottom o' gin and
a bottom o' brandy for Mr. Jones.
7. In pi. dregs. See Bottle, sb.1 5 (2).
w.Yks. There's nowt but bottle boddums (J.T.) ; w.Yks.1
8. A ball of thread or yarn ; a reel of cotton.
w.Yks.2, n-Lin.1 Midi. TOONE Diet. 1,1834). Nhp.1, War.3
se.Wor.1 It's all of a robble, like a bottom o' yarn. Shr.1 Come,
yo' mun trindle them yarwin's pretty sharp, else we sha'n 'ave
owd Spake, the waiver, 'ere afore we'n got the bottoms ready.
Sus.1 n.Wil. Obs. (G.E.D.) [She's not a good housewife that
will not wind up her bottom, RAY Prov. (ed. 1768) 64.]
Hence Bottom-stall, the foundation of a ball of yarn.
Shr.1 A bottom-stall — which served also for a child's rattle —
was often made by putting shot into a goose's wind-pipe, then
drying it, and forming it into a ring, by slipping the smaller end
within the other. ' I think my yorn's gettin' low, I can 'ear the
bottom-stall rackle.'
9. Fig. Principle, moral worth, ' grit,' sturdiness.
e.Dur.1 Wm.1 He's neeah boddum e im. w.Yks.1 Naabody hes a
better boddum. Der. There's a lot for't job — well nigh a score —
t'parson, and t'wardens, and t'chapel lot, but I shall be on my own
bottom, Wkly. Tel. (Dec. 22, 1894^. n.Lin.1 There's noabody hes
a better boddom then him ; bud he's curus to talk to. Nhp.1,
Brks.1 Bdf. An honest, upright person is said to ' have a good
bottom ' (J.W.B.). Slang. Not inferior ' to bottom ' to aught you
have read of Since Cribb, years ago, half knocked Molyneux's head
off, BARHAM Ingoldsby (1864) Bagman's Dog.
Hence (i) Bottom, adv. thoroughly ; (2) Bottomed,
adj. of character : principled.
(.1) w.Yks.3 A bothum bad un. (2) Wm.1 Theear's nit a better
z z
BOTTOM
[354]
BOUFF
hoddum'd man e au t'toonship. n.Yks. (I.W.) w.Yks.3 Tha' a't
a bad bothum'd woman.
10. In comp. (i) Bottom-board, the movable bottom of
a coal-wagon ; (2) -clean, thoroughly clean ; (3) -cut,
salt-mining term : the rock salt lying below the level,
usually about two to three feet thick ; (4) -drawer, an
imaginary receptacle where a girl is supposed to keep
articles which she has prepared for future housekeeping;
(5) -grass, the dwarf fine grasses which grow thickly,
and come up later than the taller varieties ; (6) -leaves,
root leaves ; (7) -lift, the deepest tier of mine pumps ;
(8) -pick, a large pick for getting large coal; (9) -pie,
potatoes and pork baked on a thick layer of dough ; (10)
•rod, mining term : an iron rod connecting the bottom-
spear to the bucket-sword ; (n) -room, a single seat in
a pew ; (12) -runner, the boards between the stern boards
of a boat ; (13) -wind, a wind which drives the waters of
Derwent Lake into high waves which roll eastward.
(i) N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 (2) w.Yks. A housewife who does not remove
the dust from the ' corners ' is not ' boddom cleean,' BANKS
Wkjld. Wds. (1865); w.Yks.1; w.Yks* Fair bottom-clean is
t'woman. (3) Chs.1 (4) ib. If a young woman were to buy a set
of tea-things, and were asked what use she had for such things,
she would answer, ' Oh ! they're to put in my bottom drawer.'
Wor. (J.W.P.) (5) w.Som.1 We shan't have much hay to year,
if we don't get a good ground rain to bring up the bottom-grass.
(6) Hrt. The bottom leaves of Plantain, ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750)
III. 91. (7) Cor.2 MS. add. (8) w.Yks. (J.P.) (9) Cor.1* (10)
Nhb.. Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888). (n) Fif. Leave but
a crumb o' this kirk-loom [pulpit] Memorial o' the power o' Rome,
And my Lord Card'nals bottom-room, TENNANT Papistry (1827)
203. Ayr. We were to be paid eighteen pence for a bottom-room
per annum by the proprietors of the pews, GALT Provost (1822)
xvi. N.Cy.1 (12) S. & Ork.1 (13) Cum.1 The waters of the
Derwent Lake are sometimes considerably agitated even on a calm
day [by a] bottom wind.
[1. Then I saw in my dream, that the shepherds had
them to another place, in a bottom, BUNYAN Pilg. Prog.
(1678) 159 ; Our gentry in England live most part in the
country . . . building still in bottoms ... or near woods,
BURTON Anal. Mel. (1621), ed. 1896, II. 72; Bank, bra, and
boddum blanschit wolx and bair, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513),
ed. 1874, in. 76. 8. Glomus, a bottom of thred or yarn,
COLES (1679) ; Carlo, a reel to wind silk or yarn from;
also a bottom, a clue of silk or thred, FLORIO ; Botme of
threde, Prompt.]
BOTTOM, v. Van dial. uses. Also written boddum
Wm.1 w.Yks.1 ; boddom Cum. e.Yks.1 ; boddam Cum.
1. To reach the bottom.
Cum. Ey, he's boddom't many a pit, but he'll be gittan into yan
efter a bit, 'at he'll be pinch't to find boddom on, DICKINSON
Cumbr. (1875) 101. w.Som.1 Boys bathing in deep water say:
'Tis too deep vor me, I can't bottom it, and I baint able vor zwim.
[N.S.W. They had not as yet ' bottomed,' or sunk down to the
alluvial drift, BOLDREWOOD Miner (1890) I. vii.]
2. To empty to the bottom, to drink to the last dregs.
Cum. Come, Dicky, lad, boddom the quart, GILPIN Ballads
(1866) 152. Lan. Previously bottoming a glass of ale, BRIERLEY
Layrock (1864) iv. Chs.3
3. Of a ditch, drain, &c. : to clean out thoroughly ; also
to do any kind of work thoroughly.
Chs.1 To 'bottom a drain' is to pare off, with a tool made on
purpose, the small pieces of clay and irregularities in the bottom
of the drain previous to laying the pipes. Der.2, nw.Der.1, Ken.
Hence Bottoming-spade, sb. a hollow spade used for
levelling the bottoms of the trenches in which the tiles of
underdrains are laid. n.Lin.1
4. Of hay : to get it out of any hollow wet place, where
it will not ' make.' Chs.13
5. Dyeing term : to give the body of colour by a first
process.
w.Yks. Indigo dyed goods are sometimes dyed a red colour
previous to the blue being put on. They are then said to be
bottomed (H.H.).
Hence Bottoming, vbl. sb. the first process of dyeing.
W.IKS. (J.tj.)
6. To investigate thoroughly ; to find out the truth about
anything ; to fathom.
Wm.1 Me hev it boddum'd out. w.Yks.1 To boddum things
boddumly. e.Yks.1 Chs.1 I canna bottom him. sw.Lin.' Mr.
Chairman, I think this wants well bottoming. I really mean it to
be bottomed. Nhp.1 I'll bottom it before I've done with it [of an
evil report]. Oxf.1 I can't bottom 'ee, MS. add.
BOTTOM-FYE, v. e.An. To cleanse a ditch or drain ;
rarely fig. to thoroughly sift, to get to the bottom of a
matter. See Fay, v.
e.An.1 To throw out the bottoms of marsh ditches, as opposed
to 'pulling 'or drawing the weeds with a crome only. Nrf. My
tenants are constantly making a claim for bottomfieing their ditches
(W.R.E.). Suf. e.An. Dy. Times (1892) ; (F.H.)
BOTTOMLY, adv. Yks. Chs. Stf. Also written bod-
dumly w.Yks.1 [bo'tamli.] Thoroughly, completely.
w.Yks.1 Chs.1 Oo looks very weel, but oo is na bottomly clean
Stf.1
BOTTOMMOST, adj. Cum. Yks. Nhp. Also written
boddomest Cum.1 ; boddommost e.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 ; bothu-
mest w.Yks.3 ; boddummost Nhp.1 ; bottomest w.Yks.
[bo'tamas(t, bo'tSani3s(t, bo'damasit.J The lowest.
Superl. of bottom.
Cum.1 e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks. If shoo put it in wit
black soide bottomest, BYWATER Gossips, 10; w.Yks.1; w.Yks.8
It's the bothumest book of the pile. Nhp.1
BOTTRY, adj. Obsol. or obs. Nhp.1 Of trees : short,
stunted. See Bour-tree.
BOTTY, adj. e.An. [bo'ti]
L Consequential, self-assertive, impertinent, conceited.
e-An.1 Nrf. Tom Field is that proud and botty and full of
bigotty, he wouldn't axe for nothin' of the paarson wor it ever so,
ORTON Beeston Ghost (1884) 14 ; Looking at me in such a botty
way, as much as to say that she'd cut me out,SpiLLiNG Daisy Dimple
(1885)58; Little men are generally so botty (W.R.E.) ; Nrf.1
Snf. Mildenhall is a botty little town, RAVEN Hist. Suf. (1895) 265 ;
Ya' fare right botty, e.An. Dy. Times (1892) ; (F.H.)
2. Small and compact.
Suf. Tha's a botty little owd hoss you a' got (C.T.) ; (F.H.)
BOTWELL, see Batwell.
BOU, see BolL
BOUCHAL, sb. Irel. A boy ; a youth or young man.
Ir. When you and he were bouchals, CARLETON Traits Peas.
(1843) I. 219; (G.M.H.) s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890). Lns. This
beggarman is a fine bit ov a bouchal, Irish Humour 1,1894) 379.
Hence Bouchaleen, sb. a little boy ; often used as a
term of affection, contempt, &c.
Ir. He can stay with the bouchaleens, CARLETON Traits Peas.
(1843) no ; Now, you little bouchaleen, run away, ./V. &Q. (t873)
4th S. xii. 98; VG.M.H.) w.Ir. Bad luck to my father ... for not
sending me to be learnt it [English] when I was a bouchaleen !
LAWLESS Crania (1892) I. 131.
[Ir. buachail, a herdsman, keeper of cows, a boy, a
servant (O'REILLY). Hence the dim. buachailin (G.M.H.).]
BOUCLE-CLOTH, sb. Yks. A kind of serge with
mohair ' loop,' used for overcoatings. w.Yks. (S.K.C.)
[Fr. boucle, buckle ; cp. velours a boucle, ' velours qui a
etc fait a 1'epingle ' (LITTRE).]
BOUD, sb. Nhp. Nrf. Suf. Ess. Written bowd Nrf.1
[beud.] A weevil, an insect that breeds in malt and corn, &c.
Nhp.1, e.An.1 Nrf. I P.R.) ; Nrf.1 Nrf., Snf. MORTON Cyclo. Agric.
(1863). Suf.1 Nrf., Suf., Ess. RAY (1691) ; (K.)
Hence Boudy, adj. applied to malt infested with weevils.
e.An.1
[A boude, vermis frumentarius, COLES (1679) ; Foisty
the bread corne and bowd eaten malt, TUSSER Husb.
(1580) 52 ; Bowde, make worme, Prompt.]
BOUD(E, see Bood.
BOUDEN, see Bowden.
BOUET, see Bowet.
BOUEY, see Boo.
BOUFF, v. and sb. Sc. Also written bowf (JAM.).
[bit]
1. v. To bark, applied esp. to the sound made by a large
dog.
n.Sc. (W.G. ) Abd.. Fif. , Lth. Opposed to yaffing, which denotes
the barking of a small dog. ' My collie boufft, an' rear"! his curlin
BOUFF
[355]
BOUGHT
birse,'TARRAsPo«»;s(i8o4~) 115 (JAM.). e.Lth. As the laird bowffs,
the loun yafif, HUNTER J. Iinuick (1895) 31.
Hence Bouffin, ppl. adj. given to barking.
n.Sc. He keeps a naisty bouffin brute (W.G.).
2. To cough loudly.
n.Sc. He boufft an hostit a' nicht, an didna get sae muckle's ae
wink o' sleep (W.G.). Abd. (JAM.) ; Still in use (W.M.).
Hence Bouffan, vbl. sb. continued coughing.
Bnff.1 He keepit sic a hostan an' boufian a' nicht it a cud get nae
sleep for 'im.
3. sb. A loud bark, the act of barking.
n.Sc. (W.G.) Abd., Fif., Lth. (JAM.)
Hence Bouffie, sb. the bark of a dog.
n.Sc. The dog gya a wee bit bouffie an syne ran awa (W.G.).
Abd. (W.M.)
4. A dog.
n.Sc. Tack care o' the boufl", for fear he bite ye (W.G.).
5. A loud, hard cough.
n.Sc. The bonnie lassie hiz an unco sehr bouffo' a host (W.G.).
Abd. (W.M.)
BOUFF, see Boof.
BOUGARS, sb. pi. Sc. Also written boogers.
[bu'garz.]
1. The rafters or cross-spars, forming part of the roof of
a house, and on which the wattlings or twigs are placed.
Sc. I'll tak a rung frae the bougars o' the house and rizzle your
riggin wi't, HENDERSON Prov. (1832) 159, ed. 1881 ; GROSE (1790")
MS. add. (C.) Ayr. Said of a well-filled church : I hae heard the
boogers [beams] cracking at 6 o'clock of the morning, N. & Q.
(1873) 4th S. xii. 306.
2. Comp. (i) Bougar -stakes, the lower part of the rafters,
resting on the ground in old houses ; (2) -sticks, strong
pieces of wood fixed to the rafters of a house by wooden
pins. Rxb. (JAM.)
[With bowgars of barns thay beft blew kapps, Chrysts-
Kirk (c. 1550) xiii, in Ramsay's Evergreen, ed. 1874, I. 9.]
BOUGE, sb.1 Hrt. Sus. [budg.] The round swelling
part of a cask.
Hrt. Turning the cask sideways, on its bouge, ELUS Mod. Hush.
(1750) IV. ii. Sus.1 2
[Bouge, the middle or belly of a cask, BAILEY (1755).
Fr. bouge, ' la partie la plus bombee d'un tonneau '
(LlTTRE).]
BOUGE, sb.2 Lin. e.An. [budz.] In phr. to make a
bouge, commit a blunder; to get a heavy fall by taking an
awkward false step.
Lin. THOMPSON Hist. Boston (1856) 700. e.An.1, Nrf.1
[The same word as obs. vb. bouge, applied to a ship
which strikes upon a rock so as to damage the bilge or
bulge (Fr. bouge) : Lest therupon Our shippe should
bowge, GASCOIGNE Voy. Holland (c. 1577). Cp. the use of
the vb. bulge : Thrice round the ship was tost, Then bulg'd
at once, and in the deep was lost, DRYDEN (JOHNSON).]
BOUGE, sb.3 Cor.3 A large quantity.
[Used by Ben Jonson in the sense of ' provisions ' : A
bombard man, that brought bouge for a country lady or
two that fainted, Love Rest. (c. 1616), ed. Cunningham, III.
85. Bouge of Court was an allowance of meat and drink
to the officers of the Court. Every of them to have lyke
bouge of courte, State Papers (1540) I. 623 (N.E.D.). Fr.
avoir bouche a Court, to have budge-a-Court, to be in
ordinary at Court (CoTGR.).]
BOUGE, sb* Lei.1 An insect which sometimes infests
sheep.
BOUGE, v. Yks. Lin. Lei. Nhp. e.An. Sur. Hmp. Also
written booge Sur. ; bowge w.Yks.2 [buds;.] To swell,
to bulge out, project. Cf. bouge, sb.1
n.Yks. T'wall boojed out in some pleeaces (I.W.). w.Yks.2,
n.Lin.', Lei.1, Nhp.1,' e.An.1, Nrf.1 Sur. Trans. Phil. Soc. (1854)
83. Hmp.1
BOUGER, sb. Sc. Also written bowger (JAM.). The
puffin, Fratercula arctica.
w.Sc. Frequent in St. Kilda and the other Western Isles, where
it is called Coulter-neb (JAM.) ; The bowger so called by those in
St. Kilda ... is of the size of a pigeon, MARTIN St. Kilda 1753)
34 (''4.X Heb. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 220.
BOUGH, sb.1 Van dial, uses in Eng. Also written
beu-, bo- n.Lin.1 [bu, biu.]
1. The smaller branch of a tree, whether growing or
detached, implying the end of the branch terminating
in twigs.
w.Som.1 That part would always be called a bough which would
be tied up for faggot-wood. Zee whe'er you can't pick a bough
[a sprig] or two o' laur-yel and holm vor a bit o' kirsmasin.
Hence Boughy, adj. applied to trees which are full of
boughs instead of running up straight.
Hmp. WISE New Forest (1883) 280; Hmp.1
2. Comp. (i) Bough-elm, the wych-elm tree, so called
from its wide-spreading branches ; (2) -house, obs.,
a private house allowed to be open at fair-time for the
sale of liquor ; (3) -load, the last load of the harvest,
so called because dressed with boughs ; (4) -pot, (a)
a flower-pot, a vase for cut flowers; (b) a bouquet,
nosegay ; bunch.
(i) n.Yks. In common use fM.C.F.M.). (2) Lin. Formerly the
custom at Horncastle Fair (J.C.W.). w.Wor.1 Suppressed at
Pershore in 1863. Suf. N. & Q. (1852) ist S. v. 371. Sus.1 An
old person describing the glories of Selmeston Fair, which has now
been discontinued many years, said, ' There was all manner of
booths and bough-houses.' (3) e.An.1 (4, a) n.Lin.1 Four bow-
pots constitute my fields, Monthly Mag. (May, 1806) 324. Nhp.1
(A) Ayr. She pickit up a brave bowpot of bonnie yellow ribbons,
SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887) 154. Lon. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (M. )
Colloq. A frill and flowered waistcoat, with a fine bow-pot at the
breast, HOOD China Mender.
3. In phr. up in the boughs, out of temper, easily offended.
s.Wor.1 Shr.1 'Er wuz all up i' the boughs [bou-z] in a minute.
Glo. When he found another man put on to his work he was up in
the boughs directly (S.S.B.1 ; (A.B.) Oxf.1 MS. add.
BOUGH, sb? Pern. The stitches in knitting.
s. Pern. LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 419; Keep the preens tight,
donna be so clumsy an' lev' th' boughs slip like that (W.M.M.1.
BOUGHT, sb.1 and v.1 Sc. Irel. Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin.
Also in form boght Ant. ; booght w.Yks.4 ; boot Lan.1;
boucht QAM.) ; bucht S. & Ork.1; buft w.Yks.1 ne.Lan.1;
bught Sc. QAM.) [buxt, but, w.Yks. also buft.]
1. sb. A curve or bend, esp. the hollow or curve of the
elbow or knee. Cf. bight, bout.
Sc. Bucht of the elbow, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Abd. How-
ever, I took her by the bought o' the gardy an gar'd her sit down,
FORBES Jrn. (1742) 17. Ant. (W.H.P.) Yks. THORESBY Lett.
(1703). w.Yks.1 I hurt buffi o' my arm, ii. 288; w.Yks.4, Lan.1,
neXan.1, Chs.23 Lin. SKINNER (1671) ; Obsol. (R.E.C.)
2. A ribbon bow. ne.Lan.1
3. A coil of fishing-lines ; a fishing-line about fifty
fathoms.
Sh.I. Each line, or bought as it is called, is about 50 fathoms,
EDMONSTON Zell. Isl. (1809) I. 235 ; The ordinary complement of
lines is 120 bughts, each bught 55 fathoms long, Agric. Snrv. 88
(JAM.). S. & Ork.1
4. v. To fold down ; to enclose as in a loop.
Sc. (JAM.) ; GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
Hence (i) Boucht-knot, sb. a running knot, one made
with doubled cord ; (2) Bouchting-blanket, sb. a small
blanket, spread across a feather-bed, the ends being"tucked
in at both sides. Sc. (JAM.)
[Chapelet du jarret, the bought of the ham, COTGR. ;
Bought of the arme, le ply du bras, PALSGR. (1530). Cp.
Norw. dial., Da. and Sw. bugt, a bend, cogn. w. OE. byht;
see Bight.]
BOUGHT, sb.2 and v.2 Sc. Nhb. Also in form boucht,
bucht (JAM.) ; bught Nhb.1 [buxt, Nhb. but.]
1. sb. A sheep- or cattle-fold ; a pen in which the ewes
are confined at milking time.
Sc. The bucht, and the byre, and the stable, Shaw'd plenty and
thrift to be there, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads (1806) I. 293 ; Will ye
gae to the ewe-buchts, Marion ? Sng. Abd. The wife looks up ...
And, leaning o'er the bught, the maidens spies, Ross Helenore
(1768) 83, ed. 1812. Lnk. They jeer me hameward frae the loan
or bught, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725) 20, ed. 1783. Bwk. She was
in the bught at the ' milking o' the yowes,' HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes
(1856) 76. Gall. As sheep are driven into buchts on the hillside,
CROCKETT Moss-Hags (1895) vii. N.Cy.1. Nhb.1
Z Z 2
BOUGHT-BREAD
[356]
BOUK
2. The house in which sheep are enclosed at night.
Lnk. These sheep were constantly penned at night in a house
called the bught, HAMILTON Statist. Ace. II. 184 (JAM.). _
3. A large square pew in a church. Also in comp.
bucht-seat.
Abd. (JAM.) e.Lth. A muckle bucht-seat o' my ain in the pairish
kirk, HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) 15.
4. v. To enclose in a fold, to pen.
Sc. But, my ewes are new shorn, and they winna bught in ; . . . O
yellow- haired laddie come bught them for me, CUNNINGHAM Sngs.
(1813) 48. Abd. Bouchting in the ewes, when they came hame.
Ross Helenore (1768) 31, ed. 1812. Kcd. Lads and lasses did
convene To milk the kye, and bught the ewes, JAMIE Muse (1844) 4.
Nhb. My faither was buchtin' the Brockalaw yowes, RICHARDSON
Borderer's Table-bk. (1846) VII. 137.
Hence (i) Boucht-curd, sb. the droppings of the sheep,
which frequently fall into the milk-pail ; (2) Boughting-
time, sb. the time at which the ewes are milked.
(i) Rxb. (JAM.) (a) Sc. At boughting time to leave the plain,
In milking to abide thee, RAMSAY Tea-Table Misc. (1724) I. 69, ed.
1871. Ayr. When o'er the hill the eastern star Tells bughtin-
time is near, BURNS My ain kind Dearie.
5. To enclose by means of a fence, or for shelter. Rnf.
GAM.)
Hence Bughted, ppl. adj. enclosed, sheltered.
Rnf. The mavis, down thy bughted glade Gars echo ring frae
every tree, TANNAHILL Poems (1807) 159.
[The wyld wolf . . . Abowt the bowght . . . Bayis and
gyrnis, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, n. 214.]
BOUGHT-BREAD, sb. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin.
Also written bowt- w.Yks.5 m.Lan.1 [botrt-briad, -brid.]
Baker's bread as distinguished from that made at home.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 w.Yks.5 Hers [her family] lives o' bowt bread.
For the greater part, only those who are too idle to bake, buy their
bread, hence the tone of contempt with which it is spoken of.
m.Lan.1 There's some weary rubbish among bowt-bread. Chs.1,
n.Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 My old man always said I should come to ySat
bought bread.
BOUGHTEN, ppl. adj. Won Hrf. Glo. Oxf. Brks. Hmp.
Wil. Som. Dev. Cor. Amer. [b^'tan.]
1. Bought, in distinction to home-made.
Wor. (H.K.) w.Wor.1 I allus bakes at 'oaiim, I canna abide
boughten bread. s.Wor.1, Hrf.2 Glo. (A.B.) ; Glo.1 Boughten
cakes. Oxf.1, Brks.1, Hmp. (H.C.M.B.) n.Wll. Boughten bread
aint got near the heart in't as that as we makes a'twom (E. H.G.).
w.Som.1 Boughten [bau'tn, bau'dn] stockings baint like home-made
ones. nw.Dev.1 [Nfld. (G.P.) U.S.A. In provincial use in New
Eng. Do you use boughten tobacco ? ARTEMUS WARD in A'. & Q.
(1877) sth S. vii. 115, 375.]
2. Of clothes, &c. : ready-made, not made to measure or
order.
Hmp. A ready made garment, &c. , is called ' a boughten one"
(H.C.M.B.). Dev. Reports Provinc. (1877) 128; Dev.3 I be gwaine
up tha country mawing, an waanted zome cloaths vur tu go wi'. —
'Ots git than? — Aw, zome boughten biltes an' a boughten vflle kit
[a whole suit ready made]. Dev. , e. Cor. N. & Q. ( 1 876) 5th S. vi. 488.
[Bought, pp. + -en, adj. suff., as in wooden.]
BOUGIE, sb.1 Cor. Also written bowgie Cor.12 A
sheep-house : a shed for cattle.
Cor. Seeing the Bouge she . . . got into it, laying herself down
amongst the sheep, HUNT Pop. Rom. w.Eng. (1865) I. 108 ; Cor.12
BOUGIE, sb* Sh.I. [bu'dgi.] A bag made of sheep-
skin.
Sh.I. QAM.) S. & Ork.1
[Bouge + -ie (dim. suff.). Bowge, bulga, Prompt. OFr.
bouge, a small leather bag or wallet. Lat. bulga (a Gaulish
word).]
BOUGIL, sb. n.Cy. [Not known to our correspondents.]
The crow of a cock.
n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.)
[Pron. of bugle (a hunting-horn). Be than the bowgill
gan to blaw, A. SCOTT Poems (c. 1600), ed. Cranstoun, 15.
(Printed bougilm The Evergreen (1761) II. 185.)]
BOUGTH,si. Yks. Lan. Also written boogth w.Yks.5;
bugth w.Yks.23 Lan.1 [bugb.] Bigness, size, bulk. See
Boukth.
w.Yks. Isn't that a fine miln chimley ? — Ay, ther's plenty o'
bugth in't (IE. B.) ; Th' size ov his body had no
nowt to do wi' th'
bugth ov his love, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1879) u; w.Yks.23;
w.Yks.5 Abart t'boogth o' my hand. Them two barns is abart
t'boogth o' one another ah think ? Lan. There isn't stuff enough
fora tollow-candle i'th' whole bugth on tho,fro'yedto fuut,WAUOH
Chim. Corner (1874) 222, ed. 1879 ; Lan.1 Hasto forgetten me
pooin' tho eawt o' that greight tub, when thae'er abeawt th' bugth
ov er Billy? WAUGH Besom Ben (1865) 43.
Hence Bugthen, v. to lengthen, increase, enlarge.
w.Yks. Aw want yo' to bugth'n mi britches slops (jE.B.) ; Very
rarely in Wilsden, although not uncommon in my father's younger
days, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Dec. 13, 1890).
BOUK, sb.1 and v} Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm.
Yks. Lan. Der. Lin. Shr. Nrf. Suf. Also in form boak
e.An.12; boke e.An.1 Nrf.1 Suf.1; book S. & Ork.1 Nhb.1
Dur.1 Cum.1 Wm.1 n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1 w.Yks.124 Der.1; bowk
Sc. N.Cy.1 n.Lin.1; buik, buke Sc. ; buk S. & Ork.1 [buk.]
1. sb. The belly, stomach.
Lin. ELLIS Pronunc. (1889) V. 311 ; (P.R.) ; STREATFEILD Lin.
and Danes (1884) 318; SKINNER (1671).' n-Lin.1, Shr.2
2. The whole body, carcass.
Sc. He has mair wit in his little ringer than ye have in a' your
bouk, RAMSAY Prov. (1737) ; I'll hae it frae him, if I should cut it
out o' his misshapen bouk wi' my whinger, SCOTT Blk. Dwarf
(1816) viii. Abd. Rin aff wi' yon hale buik some post to fill,
Guidman Inglismaill (1873) 31. Kcd. He steed until we cudna see
His burly buik for reek, GRANT Lays (1884) 29. Flf. His bluid
birr'd thro' his buik wi' ire, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 38. Ayr.
Blude outgush'd, And monie a bouk did fa', man, BURNS Sheriff-
muir, st. 2. Lth. Her Willie, tho'sma', Has mair in his buik than
the best o' them a', BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 92. Slk. Sae braid
and buirdly was his bouk, HOGG Mount. Bard. Gilmanscleuch, st. 59.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Yet used in some of the more remote parts of Nhb.
Lin. (P.R.)
3. In phr. (i) to have boke and bane, to be lusty and
strong ; (2) buk and bodie, the whole person.
(i) n.Yks. Tother [cow] hes book and bane, MERITON Praise Ale
(1684) 1. 379; She's booke and bane aneugh, I knaw, ib. 1. 579.
m-Yks.1 (2) S. & Ork.1
4. The trunk or body of a tree.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Shr.2
5. The body of a wagon or cart.
Nrf. He made the pillars tu't o' silver, the boke on't o' gold,
GILLETT Sng. Sol. (1860) iii. 10 ; COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf.
(1893) 99 ; (J.H.) ; (A.G.F.) Suf. (F.H.)
6. Size, quantity, bulk.
Sc. I hope it's bowk eneuch to baud the gear, SCOTT Antiquary
(1816) xxv. S. & Ork.1 Abd. Ye're nae gryte bouk mair nor
mysel', ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xxv. Frf. They ken'd weel
aneuch a' the bouk o' their ain, LAING Wayside Firs. (1846) 19.
Lnk. He wasna muckle book when I was dune wi' him, FRASER
Whaups (1895) xiii. Slk. He can be nae wecht — nae heavier
than his bouk in air, CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) IV. 191.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 To gan into little book. Dur.1 Cum.1 Will't rain
to-day ?— Nea, nae girt book. Wm^T'book a me thoom. n.Yks.1
Thae twee's about t'seeam bu'k ; n.Yks.23 ne.Yks.1 Ah've knawn
it ivver sen ah wer t'book o' mah leg. e.Yks.1 Hoo big was it ?
—About bouk of a black-bod. w.Yks.124; w.Yks.5 Nobbud
t'book o' that thear stoan. Lan. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
ne.Lan.1 He's a gay book of an age. Der.1 A good one for th'
book on't Obs. Lin. He's about my bouk, THOMPSON Hist.
Boston (1856) 700. Suf. The boke of anything, meaning the
greater part (C.T.).
Hence (i) Bouksome, (2) Boaky, adj. bulky, large.
(i) Abd. Wi' this bouksome graith You will tyne half your speed,
FORBES Ajax (1742) n. Cum.1 (2) Suf. (F.H.)
7. A definite quantity, a load ; esp. a load of straw.
e.An.12 Nrf. There's a sight of boke t'year, but there main't
be much cast [yield] (W.R.E.) ; (A.G.) ; Nrf.1 There is more boke
than corn in that grass. Suf. (F.H.) ; Suf.1 'Great boke of corn' is
much straw for the amount of grain. ' Ta rise well according to the
boke.'
8. Comp. Boke load, a load of hay or straw ; a large, top-
heavy load.
e.An.1 Nrf. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1787) ; Trans. Phil. Soc.
(1855) 30.
9. v. To make bulk ; to swell, become prominent, to
protrude, stick out. Gen. used with prep. out.
Per. It 'ill buke as weel as ony in the threshin', IAN MACLAREN
Auld Lang Syne (1895) 358. Lan. The wall boked out. Said of
BOUK
[357]
BOUN
an umbrella of which one of the ribs was broken : My umbrella
bokes up (S.W.) ; Mi stick bawkin out undhcr one arm, CLEGG Tfi'
Derby (1890) 20. e.An.1, Nrf.1, Suf. (F.H.)
Hence Bouked,///. adj. swollen, big-bellied ; of a large
size.
Sc. Bouked brides should have bor'd maidens, KELLY Prov.
(1721)129. N.I.1 It's big booket. Ant. This is gye an' weebookit
for the money, Ballymena Obs. (1892).
[In meanings 1-4 this word seems to be mainly a
survival of ME. bouk, the belly, and partly to represent
ME. bolk, bulk. In meanings 5-9 the word represents
an old form of 'bulk.' 1. pe heo wulle underibn swa
hej )>ing swa is cristes licome in his sunfulle buke, Horn.
Lamb. MS. (c. 1175), ed. Morris, I. 25. 2. Full mony
carcage of thir oxin greyt . . . And bustuus boukis of the
byrsit swyne, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, iv. 24 ;
The clothered blood ... is in his bouk y-laft, CHAUCER C. T.
A. 2746. OE. hue, belly ; cp. G. bauch. ON. bukr, trunk of
the body. 6. He cryes, What plots, O what mischief!
And still a Kirkman at the nuike o't! Though old
Colquhoun should bear the buick o't, CLELAND Poems
(1697) 78 GAM.).]
BOUK, v? and sb.2 Nhb. Dur.
1. v. To bellow in play or anger, as an ox. Nhb.1
2. sb. In mining, a report made by the cracking of the
strata owing to the extraction of coal beneath ; also the
noise made by the escape of gas under pressure.
Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
[The same as ME. bolken, to eructate ; also used in the
sense, to vociferate. I shal bolke out, or telle oute, hid
thingis, WYCLIF (1382) Matt. xiii. 35. Cp. MLG. bolken
(G. bolken), 'mugire' (SCHILLER-LUBBEN) ; Flem. bolcken,
'bugler comme une vache' (PLANTIN).]
BOUK, see Boke, Bowk, Buck.
BOUKTH, sb. Lan. Der. Also in form bookth Lan.1
Der.1 ; buckth, bukth. [bukb.] Size, bulk. See Bougth.
Lan. It's no obove buckth o' the little finger, PAUL BOBBIN Sequel
(1819) 32 ; Hoo's a middlin' bukth o' limb. BRIERLEY Irkdale
;i865) 176.
[Bouk, Sb.1 6 + -//!.]
BOUL, see Bool.
BOULDACIOUS, see Boldacious.
BOULDER, sb.1 In gen. dial, use in Sc. and the n. and
midl. counties. Also Sus. Hmp. Wil. Also in form
bonder n.Lin.1; bolder n.Yks.1 Der.1 Suf. Wil.; bollar
m.Yks.1 ; booder N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 w.Yks.2 ; boolder w.Yks.2 :
boother N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 w.Yks.1 Lan.1 e.Lan.1 Chs.1 Stf.1
Der.1 ; bouther Shr.1 ; bowlder Sc. GAM.) Sus.2 ; bowler
Hrf.1 Wil. [brrda(r), bu'tSa(r).]
1. A hard round stone ; esp. the kind used for paving.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. Strong white post with whin boulders,
Borings ^1881) II. 238. Cum.2, n.Yks.", m.Yks.1 w.Yks.1;
w.Yks.2 An braik his heead agean a boolder ; w.Yks.34 Lan.
Gethert'n hop ghreyt boothers, ewt o' th' cart ruts, PAUL BOBBIN
Sequel (1819; :4 ', Lan.1, e.Lan.1, Chs.13 Midi. MARSHALL Rur.
Econ. (1796). Stf.1, Der.12 Not. The stockiners coom to the
'lection wi' their bags full o' bo'ders (L.C.M.) ; Not.1 n-Lin.1
There's a big bohder wi' a ring in it agean th' blacksmith shop.
Lei.1 New Red Sandstone pebbles used for paving, or, when
broken up, for mending roads, are ' boulders.' Nhp.2, War.3,
Shr.1 Hrf.2 Sus. Round flint stones used in buildings, GROSE
(1790) ; Sus.2
2. A large insular stone found on the downs or heath.
Wil. These boulders, or, as they are called locally, ' bowlers,'
were scattered about the heath. JEFFERIES Open Air (1885) 76;
(L.C.M.)
3. Comp. (i) Boulder-head, (a) a work against the sea,
made of small wooden stakes ; (b) Jig. a blockhead, heavy
head ; (2) -man, a pavier ; (3) -stone, (a) a paving-stone ;
(b) a large insulated stone found on the downs ; (4)
•thumper, a pavier's rammer.
(i, a) Sus.12, Hmp.1 (b) Der. His wife hurrying the servant-
wenches from their beds, crying, ' Up, up, boulder-heads,' HOWITT
Rur. Eng. (1838) I. 151. 1.2) w.Yks. Yks. Wkly. Post (Nov. 7,
1896). (3, a) Per. (JAM.) Yks. The bollar-stones so gall'd me,
Y/tsman. in London, 295 Lan. For eawr warm beds t'put up wi'
sthraw ; For every cheer, a boother stone, RAMSBOTTOM Phases of
Distress (1864) 66 ; Lan.1 Thae stons theer as gawmless as a
boother-stone, WAUGH Tattliri Matty (1867) 9. (A) Hmp.1 Wil.
Called also sarsens, BRITTON Beauties (1825). (4) w.Yks. Till
I expected my heead being turn'd into a boulder-thumper,
Wadsley Jack (1866) xi.
[There be horse-harowes, . . . vsed moche about Ryppon,
. . . where be many bulder-stones, FITZHERBERT Husb.
(I534* 25 I He gripen sone a bulder ston, and let it fleye,
. . . Ajen |ie dore, Havelok (c. 1280) 1790. Cp. Sw. dial.
buller-sten, a rough round stone (RiEiz).]
BOULDER, sb? e.An. Also written bolder e.An.1 ;
bowder- Nrf. [bu'da(r).]
1. The bulrush, Scirpus lacustris. Gen. used in pi.
e-An.1 Nrf. STEVENSON Birds (1890) III. 331 ; Stalham reeds
are reckoned the best in Nrf. Christmas is the time for cuttin" ;
but not for boulders— they're cut in summer-time, WHITE e.Eng.
(1865) I. I75.
2. pi. Clumps of flags, stubs.
e.An.1 Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) 77 ; DAVIES Nrf.
Broads (1884) 24.
3. Comp. Bowder-rushes, coarse rushes used for making
horse-collars, bottoming chairs, &c.
Nrf. Arch. (1879) VIII. 168.
BOULE, sb. Obs. Der. A vessel in which miners
measure out ore. Also called Dish (q.v.).
Der. MANLOVE Lead Mines (1653) Gl.
BOUL-HORNED, adj. Sc. Written bool- (JAM.).
Obstinate, perverse ; inflexible.
Sc. (JAM.) Ayr. Noo she's a boul-horned guidwife wi' . . .
a man who kamls her heid wi' the tattie-beetle, SERVICE Notan-
dums (1890) 113.
BpULLY-BAWN, sb. Irel. Bread made with flour
as distinguished from that made with meal.
Wxf. An' treat me to boully bawn, an' lay an' bacon, KENNEDY
Banks Boro (1867) 162 ; (P.J.M.)
[Ir. builin ban, a white loaf (MACBAIN).]
BOULT, see Bolt.
BOULTER, sb. Cor. [bu'lta(r,.] A long fishing-line
with hooks attached. See Bultys.
Cor. This variety [of conger] is caught by an arrangement of
hooks and lines locally termed boultys or boulters, QUILLER-COUCH
Hist. Polpeiro (1871) 114; Cor.12
[Bulters ... are strong lines five hundred feet long,
with sixty hooks, each eight feet asunder baited with
pilchards or mackrel, PENNANT Zoology (1769) III. 117;
These hakes are taken with the boulter, which is a spiller
of a bigger size, CAREW Survey Cornwall (1602) 34.]
BOUN, /*/. adj. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Chs. Der. Lin. Also written baan Wm.1 e.Lan.1;
bahn w.Yks.2 ; barn w.Yks.5 ; beawn Lan.1 m.Lan^Chs.1;
boon e. Yks.1 m.Yks.1 ; boune Dur.1 ; bown w.Yks.5; bun
m.Yks.1 Lan.1 Der.2 n.Lin.1; bund Yks. [bun, boun,
ban.]
1. Ready, prepared.
Sc. When bells were rung, and mass was sung, And a' men
boun to meat, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads (1806) I. 122. n.Sc. It's
time you were boune to ride, MILLER Scenes and Leg. (ed. 1853)
xxxi. Abd. I'll early mak' me boun' To see what's deein' i' the
borrow's toun, Guidman Inglismaill (1873) 28 ; Your birn ye may
lay down, For rinning ye will be the better bown, Ross Helenore
(1768) 57, ed. 1812. Fif. Fiery-wud and bown To seek the
harlot's life, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 21. N.Cy.a Dur. 'Boon
to sleep '(K.). Cum. LIHTOK Lake Cy. (1864) 296. Wm. Memudder
lent her a whicknin, an we were bawn at brew, soa I went for
it, WHEELER Dial. (1790) 81, ed. 1821. w.Yks. I am boon at any
time, HAMILTON Nugae Lit. (1841) 355 ; w.Yks.4 Der. Bid theEarle
of Darby make him bowne, JEWITT Ballads (1867) 46.
2. Going, ready to set off, starting ; bound for.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Where are you boon for ? Dur.1 Aw's boune ti
Stendrop ; Cum.2 Wm. Whaar er yee bawn, yee er sea dond
awt ith check happron, WHEELER Dial. (1790) n, ed. 1821 ; Wm.1
Ise baan ta t'toon. n-Yks.1 Ah'sbounofffor abit. e.Yks. Ah'sboon
ti Aubro [Aldboro'], NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889)54; e.Yks.1 m.Yks.1
I's boon myself to-day. w.Yks. 'An' arta bahn?' t'wife sed. . . .
'Bahn! ov cooarse awm bahn,' HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1874) 42;
w.Yks.124; w.Yks.8 Whear's tuh barn tul? — Am bown hoam.
' Bown ' is the least refined [form], and is generally employed by the
factory girls. Lan. Neaw lads, where ar yo beawn so fast ? HALLI-
BOUN
[358]
BOUNCER
WELL/W. Anthol.(\%y>) no; Lan.1 Wheer't'abun? — Whoam,tobi
sure. ne.Lan.1, e.Lan.1 m.Lan.1 ' Wheer arta beawn ? ' meeans
wheer arta gooin', as everybody knows. Chs.3 Awm beawn to
Stopport. Der.1 O)m baaynt') ddo i,t [old pron. baayn, as ' I'm
boun t'do it']. O)m baa'n tu goa- [modern pron. baa'n, as ' I'm
boun to go '] ; Der.2 Bun to Lunnon. nw.Der. *
3. Done, finished.
n.Cy. He's bown wth it (K.).
4. With infinitive : about to, going to, on the point of.
Yks. I'm bahn to hug [carry] him mysen, TAYLOR Miss Miles
(1890) xiii. n.Yks. Az bun t3 giv t'faam up next bakend [autumn]
(W. H.); n.Yks.1 Ah lays there's boun t'be a wedd'n t'moorn.
It's boun t'raan afore it's lang ; n.Yks.2 I's boun to be off.
ne.Yks.1 Ah doot t'au'd meer's boun ti dee. w.Yks. Nah then,
thah mun lissen at what o'm bahn to say, Tocsin (1841) 93 ;
w.Yks.1 My knees parfitly whacker ageean at thowtes o' what I'se
boun to tell the, ii. 301 ; w.Yks.8 He's nooan baan to get t'brass.
Lan. He wer just baan to start th" service, BOWKER Tales (1883") 235 ;
Think weel o'er what yo're beaun to do, CLEGG Davi<fs Loom
(1894) v ; Lan.1 n.Lin.' He's bun to fetch th' ky off o' th' common.
5. In phr. (i) Bahn in, returning to work after a dispute ;
(2) bahn on, going on, about to commence work.
(i) w.Yks. They reckon 'at we're bahn-in agean, Yks. Wkly.
Post (Dec. 1894) i. (2) ib. They're bahn on three days t'next
week, BURNLEY Dawn (1874) i.
[1. And bed hem alle ben boun ... To wenden with
hem to Weste mynstre, P. Plowman (c.) in. 173 ; Abraham
wass forrbrihht bun To don Drihhtiness wille, Ormulum
(c. 1200) 14670. 2. Quhidder ar je boun, je schaw ws
plane, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, in. 238 ; Shippes
... on the shyre water, All boune on the brode see, best.
Troy (c. 1400) 2745. ON. buinn, prepared, pp. of bua, to
get ready.]
BOUN, v. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Der. Written
bowne Sc. Der. nw.Der.1 [bun, boun.]
1. To prepare, make ready ; to get ready, to dress ; to
betake oneself to a place.
Sc. We will all bowne ourselves for the banquet, SCOTT Waverley
(1814) App. ii. to Gen. Pref. Abd. He bouns him to the house,
BEATTIES Parings (1801) 24. n.Cy. (K.) ; N.Cy.2 Nhb. GROSE
(1790). Cum. 'Ye'll na boune yit, Mary,' said Matthew, 'ye'Il na
boune yon way for mony a lang year yit,' CAINE Shad. Crime
(1885) 46; Cum.2 w.Yks. WILLAN List Wds. (1811); w.Yks.1
Not often used. w.Lan. Beawn thesel (H.M.).
2. To decorate with evergreens at Christmas.
Der.2, nw.Der.1
[1. To boune, parare, acringere, LEVINS Manip. (1570) ;
Say beggar, why brawlest bou ? go boune be to be barre,
York Plays (c. 1400) 286; I wold boune me to batell, Dest.
Troy (c. 1400) 827. The vb. is a der. of boun (ppl. adj.), q.v.]
BOUNCE, sb. Lan. Wor. Lon. Hmp. Colon, and in gen.
colloq. use.
1. A bound, leap. Also Jig. in phr. on the bounce, sud-
denly, by surprise.
Lan. Wouldno hoo be surprised when hoo see'd us ? — Ay ; it
would be catchin' her gradely on the bounce, BRIERLEY Cast upon
World (1886) 142.
2. Brag, boasting, self-assertion.
s.Wor. Said of a lawyer ' A's a' bounce' (H.K.). Hmp.1
Slang. Making no account of hisself, and as you may say, no
bounce with him, HUGHES T. Brown Oxf. (1861) xliv; The whole
heroic adventure was the veriest bounce, the merest bunkum,
Blackw. Mag. (May 1880) (FARMER). [U.S.A. It's almost impossible
to get a bit of good honest bounce out of an American nowadays,
HOWELLS Lady of Aroostook, xxiv.]
3. In phr. on the bounce, in an impudent manner, threat-
eningly.
Lon. These (to use their own words) 'do it on the bounce,'
MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) I. 309. [Aus., N.S.W. What d'yer
mean, then, by coming here on the bounce? . . . You ain't got
a warrant, BOLDREWOOD Squatter (1890) vi.]
[1. A bounce, leape, saltus, LEVINS Manip. (1570). 2.
Bounce, a boast, a threat (in low language), JOHNSON
(i755)0
BOUNCE, v. Var. dial, and colloq. uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Written bownse s.Chs.1
I. 1. To beat, thrash, trounce. Cf. bensil.
s.Chs.1 Used only in reference to the back.
2. To brag, exaggerate, ' talk big.'
Abd. I am braggin' an' bouncin' Alane by mysel', OGG Willie
Waly (1873) 192. e.Yks.1 Ah can beleeav meeast o' what thoo
says, but Ah's seer thoo's bouncin noo. w.Wor. He'll fight like
a robin, and bounce his man like a wren, Berrow's Jrn. (Mar. 10,
1888). s.Wor. The wren does not fight but is always cocky and
' swells itself out as big as a rook,' according to the old saying ;
hence it is said to bounce or brag (H.K.). Suf. (F.H.) Lon.
He had another bottle with what he called a worm 200 inches
long, he bounced it was, MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) I. 423.
Hence (i) Bouncer, sb. a braggart, boaster ; (2) Bounc-
ing, vbl. sb. loud talking, bragging.
(i) Abd. O' a' the great bouncers, oor Willie's the best, OGG
Willie Waly (1873) 163 ! Suf. (F.H.) (2) Ant. Let us hae nane o'
your bouncin', Ballymena Obs. (1892).
3. To threaten, bully, ill-use.
Gmg. The husband is simply trying to bounce the poor woman
into leaving his house (S.O.A.). Slang. Drysdale ain't the man
as 'd see two poor chaps bounced out of their honest name,
HUGHES T. Brown Oxf. (1861) iii ; FARMER. Colloq. The free-
handed gentleman and the process-servers arose, and ' bounced '
the creditor, MURRAY Nov. Note-bk. (1887) 66. [Aus. Dan Liss,
who never in his life bounced man, woman, or child, PRAED
Romance of Station (1890) I. vi.]
Hence (i) Bounceable, adj. bumptious, cheeky; (2)
Bounceful, adj. masterful, arrogant, domineering ;
(3) Bouncing, ppl. adj. bumptious, conceited.
(i) Oxf. Told the latter lady ' not to be so bounceable,' BLACK-
MORE Cripps (ed. 1895) xii. Slang. FARMER. [Aus. Take as
much as you can get, and instead of being very thankful for what
you get, try and be bounceable for more, FERGUSON Bush Life
(1891) vii ; He will have to be a pretty bounceable customer if
that won't put him down, ib.'] (2) Lon. If the Crocus I have
mentioned sees this in the paper . . . won't he come out bouncefull ?
MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851; I. 423. Wil.1 (3) Lnk. Bouncin'
Boers and Afghan din, WARDHOP Johnnie Matheson (1881) 107.
4. To cheat, deceive.
Lon. Buying rags they call it, but I call it bouncing people
MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) I. 424. Colloq. It's no use trying
to bounce you any more, because you've seen too much, MURRAY
Nov. Notc-bk. (1887) 222.
II. 1. To bound like a ball ; hence fig. to be lively,
boisterous ; to swagger.
Kcb. He dreamed for the length o' the nicht o' lasses a'
bouncin' like kimmers, ARMSTRONG Ingleside (1890) 217. Cum. In
com the women fwok buncin', GILPIN Sngs. (1866) 359. Brks.1
Hence (i) Bouncer, sb. (a) the large earthenware
marble used for bouncing or playing with checks or cubes ;
(b) a vigorous, lively person ; (2) Bouncing, ppl. adj.
romping, boisterous.
(i, a) w.Yks. (J.T.) (b) Fif. Meg was a bouncer. . . . Her arms
were bare to the elbows, and terminated in a pair of powerful
fists, ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 137. (2) Lth. Bouncing Meg
loud roar'd her, BRUCE Poems (1813) 66. w.Yks. Shoo met him
at t'doorwith a baancing kuss, CUDWORTH Dial. Sketches (1884) 1 12.
2. To move hastily, noisily ; to eject forcibly.
Wm. He boonst him oot on t'doorstans when he began wi his
sauce (B.K.). Brks.1
3. To toss.
s.Wor. I'll bounce 'ee fur it (H.K.).
[I. 1. Wilfully him throwing on the gras Did beat
and bounse his head and brest ful sore, SPENSER F. Q.
(1596) bk. in. xi. 27. 2. Let him bounce at his customers
if he dares, JOHNSON Idler (1758) No. 28. 3. I ... bounce
her for more money, FLETCHER Night Walker (c. 1626) iv.
i. (N.E.D.)]
BOUNCER, sb.1 Wm. Yks. Der. Not. Lin. Lei. War.
Slang. Written booncer Wm. [bu-nsa(r), bou'nss(r),
w.Yks. ba'nsa(r).] Anything very large of its kind.
Wm. Yon lad's a booncer fer his age (B.K.). w.Yks. (J.T.) ;
Warrant he a baancer ? Deivsbre Olm. (Oct. 27, 1866) 14. Der.2
Said of a thumping big lie. nw.Der.1, Not.1 n-Lin.1 A fine child, a
large turnip, or an astounding lie are all bouncers. Lei.1 War.
(J.R.W); War.3 Slang. I shall stand a good chance of being
honoured by the periodicals with the appellation of a ' bouncer,'
BARRINGTON Sketches (1830) III. iii.
BOUNCER, sb.2 Lon. A professional beggar.
Lon. MAYHEW Loud. Labour (1851) I. 310.
BOUNCING
[359]
BOUN-TREE
Hence Bouncing buffer, phr. a beggar.
Cant. No ballad-basket, bouncing buffer, Nor any other, will
I suffer, AINSWORTH Rookwood (1834) bk. in. v.
BOUNCING,///, adj. Sc. Yks. Der. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp.
War. Hnt. Ken. [bu'nsin, bou'nsin, beu'nsin, w.Yks.
ba'nsin.] Strong, robust, large ; fine of its kind.
Sc. She was a big . . . bouncing woman, with an arm like a
man's for strength, WHITEHEAD Daft Davie (1876) 201, ed. 1894.
e.Yks.1 She's growin to be a rare booncin lass. w.Yks. Iz a fain
bansin ban (J.W.). Der.2, nw.Der.1, Not.1 nXin.1 In very truth
there is a jolly bouncing boy born, BERNARD Terence (1629) 44.
Lei.1 A bouncing big bill. Nhp.1 A great and incredible untruth is
a bouncing falsehood. War. (J.R.W.); War.3 Hnt. I.T.P.F.),
Ken. (K.)
BOUNCING BESS, sb. Dev.4 (i) Centranlhus ruber, the
red spur valerian ; (2) Valeriana celtica, the white valerian ;
also called Delicate Bess.
BOUND, sb. (mostly in pi.) and v. Sc. Nhb. Yks. War.
Ken. Sur. Hmp. Wil. Cor. Written boond, bun Nhb.1
1. sb. Boundary, limit ; district.
Abd. Ye gentle fouk 'at win At canty fires, in well box'd bouns,
BEATTIES Parings (1801) 24, ed. 1873. Kcd. In Scotlan's boun's
sin' syne, We hinna hed anither spate Like auchteen twenty-nine,
GRANT Lays (1884) 24. FIf. Cottar-towns throu' a' that bound,
TENNANT Papistry (1827) 70. Nhb.1 He' s oot o' the buns. n.Yks.1
War.3 1715 Spent when we walked ye Bounds of theParish, 15. 6d.,
Ansley Prsh. Ace., Trans. Arch. Soc. (1890).
2. Comp. Bound-oak, a boundary oak.
Hmp. WISE New Forest (1883) 280 ; Hmp.1
3. A piece of land marked out by small pits, about a foot
deep, in the tin-mines ; a hillock.
Cor. Sending a young man on the highest ' bound,' or hillock,
Flk-Lore Jrn. (1886) IV. 221 ; Cor.1 s.v. Friday-in-lide ; Cor.2
Hence Bounder, sb. the holder of a tin-bound or parcel
of land in the tin-mines. Cor.2
4. In phr. there's no bounds, expressing uncertainty, no
knowing.
Ken. (P.M.); ' You can't tell, there's no bounds on it,' said of a
thing about which it is not possible to judge (D.W.L.) ; Ken.1
There ain't no bounds to him, he's here, there, and everywhere.
Sur.1 There's no bounds to where he'll be got by this time.
Wil. It may rain all day long, ' there's no bounds." I may go to
fair, no bounds, JEFFERIES Hdgrw, (1889) 188.
5. Limits of the body, size.
Ayr. The bairns have but sma' bounds — they are spare i' the
build, JOHNSTON Kilmallie (1891) I. 51. n.Yks. She's in varry
greeat boonz [of a corpulent woman] (,I.W.) ; n.Yks.2 It's i' neea
great bounds.
6. v. To enclose, limit. Nhb.1
Hence Bound-road, a fenced road.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
[1. Roaming clean through the bounds of Asia, SHAKS.
Com. Err. i. i. 134 ; There's nothing situate under heaven's
eye But hath his bound, in earth, in sea, in sky, ib. n. i. 17.]
BOUND, pp. Var. dial, and colloq. uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Written bun e.Yks.1 w.Yks.5 Stf.2 Der.1 sw.Lin.1
1. Under obligations ; having entered into a contract ;
having given security for the debts or appearance of
another; apprenticed.
w.Yks. Bein bun for a friend, an he tells yo az soon az yov dun
it at he duzzant mean ta be bun ta pay, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE
Bairnsla Ann. (1861) 12. Chs.1, Stf.2, War.3, Nhp.1 sw.Lin.1 If
any one'll be bun for £ao.
2. Under compulsion, moral or otherwise ; obliged.
n.Yks.1 Div 'ee think at he'll stand til it ? — Aye, he's boun t'dee't,
noo, onnyways. You'll never do such a thing as that, Joseph ? —
Ah wadn't wivoot Ah wur bound ; n.Yks.2 w.Yks. He wor bahn
to do it or die, Yksman. XXXVI. 522. Stf.1, Not.1, Hrf.2 Som. I
shall be bound to take ee for pity's sake, RAYMOND Sam and Sabina
(1894^ 50.
3. Sure, certain.
Gall. It was bound to be something pressing, CROCKETT Bog-
Myrtle (1895 373. Stf.2 Oil bi bun if i anar gon an tein moi at,
an na oisl av tak izn. Not.1 Ah'll be bound yer'll go. n-Lin.1 He's
bound to get on, he's alus at his wark. He's bound to kill hissen
if he goas on drinkin' e' this how. sw.Lin.1 The medicine's bound
to be used. Hrf.1 He is bound to be there. Mid. He is bound to
have a good stock now, after all the long frost and snow, BLACK-
MORE Kit (1890) II. vii.
4. In phr. /'// be bound for it or you, I will answer for it.
Yks. Aye, I'll be bun for ye. When ye get agate ye're allus a
bit out o' your head, TAYLOR Miss Miles (1890) xiv. e.Yks.1 Ah'll
be bun fo't he'll rue weddin that lass. w.Yks.5 He's drukken
agean. al be bun for't. Lan. Theaw's a good idea, aw'll be bun
for/t, STATON Loominary (c. 1861) 13. Der.1
5. Determined, resolved.
N.I.1 He's boun' to do it. n.Yks.2 w.Yks.5 Shoe's bun a going.
Oxf.1 I be bound to do6t, MS. add.
[1. For the which . . . Antonio shall be bound, SHAKS.
M. Ven. i. iii. 5. 2. I am not bound to please thee with
my answers, ib. iv. i. 65. 4. I dare be bound he's true, ib.
Cymb. iv. iii. 18.]
BOUNDER, sb.1 and v.1 Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lin. Also
written boonder Nhb.1 [bu'nda(r).J
1. sb. Obsol. or obs. A boundary, limit, landmark.
n.Cy. I've lost the key o' the Bounders An' I'm ruined for ever-
mair, HENDERSON Flk-Lore (1879) vii. Nhb.1 Cum. The Bounder
of this manner beginneth at Leversdale, HUTCHINSON Hist. Cum.
(1794) I. 120; Cum.1 n.Yks.1 Bounders or limits of the said
manor, Peramb. of Danby Manor (1577) ; n.Yks.2 e.Yks. Such
heads and balkes as part two fields, and are bounders betwixt
two severall lordshipps, BEST Rur. Econ. (1641) 118. m-Yks.1
w.Yks. 1671. Apr. 13. Spent [when] wee viewed Bounders,
£00. oo. 06, Ace. Bradford Prsh. Chwardens ; w.Yks.1, n.Lin.1
2. Comp. (i) Bounder -mark ; (2) -stone; (3) -stoop, an
upright stone, post, &c., serving to mark the boundary.
(i) n-Yks.1 The exact distance between each bounder-mark and
other, Peramb. Danby (1666) ; n.Yks.2 (2, 3) n.Yks.12
3. v. To limit, set boundaries to ; Jig. to control, keep
within bounds.
Rxb. (JAM.) Nhb.1 Ye mun boonder yorsel. Here, Mary,
help me wi' this jam ; it canna be boondered.
Hence Boundered, pp. fenced or enclosed with a
boundary.
n.Yks. Still used (T.S.) ; n.Yks.2
[1. This great conquerour had purposed to have
subdued all Asia and to have made the sea the onely
bounder of his empire, KNOLLES Hist. Turks (1621) 76.
Der. of ME. bounde, to bound, to limit, in CHAUCER
Astrolabe, n. 39. See Bound, sb.]
BOUNDER, v? and sb.2 Yks. [bu-nda(r).]
1. v. To bounce, make rebound.
n.Yks.2 m.Yks.1 Don't fling it— bounder it.
Hence Boundered, pp. rebounded, bounced. n.Yks.2
2. sb. A heavy blow, the impact of a weighty substance
on a solid surface.
n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 It fell with a great bounder.
[Bound (to leap) + -er, freq. suff.]
BOUNDSY, adj. and sb. Yks. [bu-nsi.]
1. adj. Of large circumference, as a lady in a crinoline.
n.Yks.2
2. sb. A person stout and unusually active in walking.
m.Yks.1
BpUNTIFUL, adj. Hrf.2 [beu'ntifl.] Of a person:
looking fat and well.
BOUNTITH, sb. Obs. Sc. Also written bounteth (JAM.).
[bti'ntib.] A bounty, reward for service ; esp. a fee given
to servants in addition to their wages.
Sc. You have cheated that poor servant wench out of her half-
year's fee and bountith, SCOTT Antiquary (1816) i. n.Sc. He will
not away from us without his bountith, MILLER Scenes and Leg. (ed.
1853) xi.
[He brings with him a damsell for a bountie (v.r.
bountith, ed. 1614) to Thais, BERNARD Terence (1629) no;
Thys is the bontay (v.r. bounteth, ed. 1553) thai sal beir
away, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, iv. 120 ; Bountith
askis rewarde, York Plays (c. 1400) 122. OFr. bontet
(mod. bonte), goodness, bounty ; cp. ME. cariieb, in
Ormulum, 3008, the same as Norm. Fr. caritet, charity.J
BOUN-TREE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Also written boon-tree,
bountry Nhb.1 [bu'n-tri.]
1. The elder-tree, Sambucus nigra. See Bour-tree.
Sc. (JAM.) Nhb.1 In some districts the tree is known as the
bown-tree, which means the sacred tree, BROCKIE Legends. 114.
BOUR
[360]
BOUR-TREE
2. Comp, Boun-tree-berries, the fruit of the elder-tree ;
(2) -gun, a boy's popgun made of elder-wood ; (3) -saw,
a salve made from the elder-tree.
(i) Sc. (JAM.) (a) ib. Bountry-guns are formed of the elder-tree,
the soft pith being taken out, Blackw. Mag. (Aug. 1821) 35 (JAM.).
(3) Nhb.i
BOUR, see Bor.
BOURACH, sb.1 and v. Sc. Also written boorick,
bowrock (JAM.), bouroch, burrach. [bu'rax, btrrax-]
1. sb. A mound, a heap of stones ; a knoll.
Sc. About this bit bourock. ... I mind the bigging o't, SCOTT
Antiquary (i8i6)iv. Cld. (JAM.) Lnk. As you pass in, take care
and not knock down that bourock of chucky-stanes, FRASER
Whaups (1895) i.
2. A confused heap of any kind.
Ags. Such a quantity of body-clothes as is burdensome to the
wearer is called a bourach of claise (JAM.).
3. A crowd, a ring, a cluster.
Sc. My trees in bourachs, owr my ground, FERGUSSON Poems
(1789) II. 32 (JAM.). Abd. The fowkwud 'a been sittin' in bourachs,
ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xviii. Kcd. A tail o' lads an' lasses
Clam in bourachs up the stairs. GRANT Lays (1884) 71.
4. A hut of loose stones, a hovel ; a shepherd's hut.
Sc. The miserable little bou rocks . . . were composed of loose
stones cemented by clay instead of mortar, SCOTT Rob Roy (1817)
xxx ; Sequestered for near a month in a bourock of old cold ruins
on the Bass, STEVENSON Catriona (1892) xvii. Rnf. When heaps
o' drifting snow Lay roun' our bouroch, ALLAN Poems (1836) 39.
Gall. He was sittin' by his lane in a bit bouroch, CROCKETT
Raiders (1894) xliv. Kcb. Shepherds gay begin To big their
booricks on each sunny brae, DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) la.
5. An enclosure, applied esp. to the houses children
build in play.
Sc. We 11 never big sandy bowrocks together, RAMSAY Prov.
(:7?6) 75 GAM.). Gall. She went to hide in some bosk bouroch,
CROCKETT Moss-Hags (1895) i.
6. v. To crowd together confusedly or in a mass: to
enclose.
n.Sc. (JAM.) Abd. Near to some dwelling she began to draw,
That was a' burrach'd round about with trees, Ross Helenore
(1768) 71, ed. 1812.
BOURACH, sb? Sc. Irel. Also written borrach
(JAM.); bowrach Sc. ; borough Ir. A band put round
the front or hind legs of a cow to prevent her kicking
while being milked.
Sc. QAM.) ; GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Ldd. The borough is
applied to the front leg of a cow ; her leg is held up so as to bend
the knee, then a loop of rope is put over the knee and a stick is
inserted between the inside of the knee and the rope (T.P.W.).
[Gael, buarach, cow-fetter; bo, a cow + arach, a tie, a
binding, cp. Mir. drach, a contract (MACBAIN).]
BOURACK, sb. S. & Ork.1 A name for cattle.
BOURAM, sb. Obs. Yks. A sink or common sewer.
(K.)
BOURBEE, *6. Sc. The spotted whistle-fish.
Sc. Mustela vulgaris Rondeletti ; our fishers call it the bourbee
SIBBALD Fife (1803) 121 (JAM.).
BOURBLAWER, sb. S. & Ork.J An importunate,
smooth-tongued beggar.
BOURD, v. and sb. Obs. Sc. Nhb.
1. v. To mock, to jest.
Sc. Bourd neither with me, nor mine honour, RAY Prov. (1678)
362 ; They that bourd with cats maun count upo' scarts, RAMSAY
Prov. (1737) ; Bourd not with bauty lest he bite you KELLY
Prov. (1721) ; RAY (1691). Abd. But 'gin wi' bawtie ye will bourd,
FORBES Ajax (1,742) 8. Lnk. Never gie Encouragement, or bourd
wi sic as he, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725) no, ed. 1783. N.Cy.i
Nhb.1
Hence Bourding, vbl. sb. a jest.
Sc. There's mony a sooth word spoken in bourding, HENDERSON
Prov. (1832) 36.
2. sb. A jest, joke.
Sc. To have a bourd at the bridegroom, SCOTT Antiquary (1816)
iv ; A sooth bourd is nae bourd, RAMSAY Prov. (1737) N Cy i
[1. Sorner, to jest, boord, speak merrily, COTGR. ; Rey-
nard ye borde and iape with me, for what I seche I fynde
not, CAXTON Reynard (1481) 27 ; My wit is greet, though
that I bourde and pleye, CHAUCER C. T. c. 778. 2 Ane
iymp or a bourd, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, n. 7 ;
Ne shulde no bourde on bedde be, P. Plowman (B.) ix.
187. Fr. bourde, a jeast, tale of a tub ; bonnier, to bourd
or jeast with (CoTGR.).l
BOURN, sb. Hit Ken. Sur. Wil. Written bone Hrt.
[boan.] An intermittent stream ; a valley between the
chalk hills ; gen. applied to the valley and stream jointly.
Cf. burn, sb.
Hrt. Muster Smith has just gone across Nimney Bone (H.G.).
Ken. (D.W.L.) Stir. A calcareous bourn or brooklet which rises
out of the northern margin of the chalk hills, MARSHALL Review
(1817) V. 354 ; Sur.1 There is a bourn which breaks out of the
chalk hill above Godstone. It gen. runs at intervals of about
five years, and is supposed to betoken some calamity. These
bourns are called in Kent 'nail burns.' n. Wil. The villages on
the Downs are generally on a ' bourne ' or winter watercourse,
JEFFERIES Wild Life (1879) 22. Wil.1 In s.Wil. they say, such
or such a bourn : meaning a valley by such a river, AUBREY
Nat. Hist. (ed. 1847) 28.
[Come o'er the bourn, Bessy, to me, SHAKS. K. Lear,
in. vi. 27 ; I ... wente me to reste Vndur a brod banke,
bi a bourne syde, P. Plowman (A.) prol. 8. OE. burna,
John xviii. i (Corpus and Lindisf. versions).]
BOURN, see Barm.
BOURT, v. Cum.2 [Not known to our correspondents.]
To pretend, make believe. See Bourd, v.
BOUR-TREE, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Chs. Lin. Also in forms baw- n.Lin.1; boor- Sc.
GAM.) N.I.1 N.Cy.1 Lan.1 ; bor- Nhb.1 Wm.1 Lan.1 n.Lan.1
ne.Lan.1; bore- N.I.1 n. Yks.12 Chs.13; bortery Cum. Wm. ;
bothery e. Yks.1 ; bottery Wm. in. Yks.1 ; bottry ne.Yks.1 ;
boutrey Wm. & Cum.1 ; bul- Cum.1; bur- N.Cy12 Nhb1
Dur.1 Wm.1!!. Yks.123 w. Yks.14 Chs.13 n.Lin.1; burr- Nhb.1;
buthery e.Yks.1
1. The elder-tree, Sambucus nigra.
Sc. I was behind that bourtree-bush at the very moment, SCOTT
Guy M. (1815) liii ; Bourtree, bourtree, crooked rung, Never
straight, and never strong ; Ever bush and never tree, Since our
Lord was nailed to ye, CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes (1870) 204. Abd.
Mark the garden bloomin' fair, Fenc'd wi' hour-trees neatly
cropit, STILL Cottar's Sunday (1845) 3°- Ayr. Rustlin' thro' the
boortrees comin' Wi' heavy groan, BURNS Address Deil (1785) st.
6. Bwk. Bourtrees, bees, and bairns Are rife in Auchencraw,
HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 52. Ir. Thin his Riverence
buried thim both in wan grave be the dead boor-tree, TENNYSON
To-morrow (1885). N.I.1, Dwn. (C. H.W.) Dwn., Ant (M.B.-S.)
N.Cy.12 Nhb.1 A branch of the common elder, bur-tree, or bore-
tree, is supposed to possess great virtue in guarding the wearer
against the malevolence of witches, fairies, &c., BROCKIE Leg. 114.
Dur.1 Cum. (J.Ar.) ; The boys, who defended it like a besieged
city, were armed, in general, with bore-tree, or elder, pop-guns,
HUTCHINSON Hist. Cum. (1794) II. 322; Cum.1 Cum., Wm.
(M.P.) Wm.1 Yks. The farmer was to take six knots of bottree
[bore-tree or elder] wood, HENDERSON Flk-Lore (1879) vi ; The
Lancastrian Lord Dacre was shot, says tradition, by a boy out of
a burtre, Flk-Lore Rec. (1880) VIII. pt. ii. 175. n.Yks. Take nine
bottry knots, and put them on a clean platter all close together,
ATKINSON Maori. Parish (1891) 104 ; n.Yks.128 ne.Yks.1 e.Yks.
The most usual name here, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Dec 20, 1890)
m-Yks.1 w.Yks.WiLLANZ.«?jras.(i8ii); (C.W.H.); (S.H.B.);
w.Yks.1*, Lan.i, nXan.1, ne.Lan.1, Chs.'3 Lin. STREATFEILD Lin.
and Danes (1884) 318 ; Iller, as it is usually called, though some-
times one hears the Yks. name ' Bottree,' Lin. N. & Q. 56. n.Lin.1
2. Comp. (i) Bour-tree-berry, elderberry; (2) -gun, a
boy s popgun, made of elder-wood, from which the pith
has been extracted ; (3) -jack, (4) -Joan, elderberry wine;
(5) -pluffer, see -gun ; (6) -tree, the elder-tree.
(i) Cum., Wm. (M.P. ) Wm. Wilta hev a swoap a tee er a swoap
a bortery-berry wine ? WHEELER Dial. (1790) 73, ed. 1821. Yks.
Matthey has brewed a keg o' burtree-berry wine, Howirr Hope
On (1840) iii. (2) N.Cy.1, Nhb.1. Dur.1 Cum. [He] just gruntit
summat aboot . . . laal burds eh woman-whoke hats, an bultree
guns, SARGISSON Joe Scoaf>(i88i) 89; Cum.1 Wm & Cum l They
crack d away leyke boutrey guns, 202. Wm.1 e.Yks. Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (Nov. 21, 1891) ; e.Yks.i n.Lan. Mi fadar's miad ma a
bortri gun (W.S. .). (sJneLan.1 (4) w.Yks. (S.H.B.) Lan.' It
d to be the custom [at Lancaster] to invite friends to take
bortree-joan, usually served in coffee-cups, and always hot. (51
N.Cy.1 (6) n.Yks. (W.H.), e.Yks.i w.Yks. Heard at Tadcaster.
BOURTREY
[361]
BOUT
Prob. not known near Wilsden, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Dec. 6, 13,
1890).
[Sambucus is called in English elder or bourtre, TURNER
Herbal (1562) 124 ; Hec sambucus, a bur tre, Norn. (c. 1450)
in Wright's Voc. (1884) 716.]
BOURTREY, see Bour-tree.
BOUSE, sb. Nhb. Yks. Stf. Der.
1. Small leaden ore ; ore as it is drawn from the mines,
before being dressed.
Nhb. The local term for ore is bouse, WHITE Northumberland
(1859) 46; Nhb.1 The bouse, or impure ore, is usually let to the
washers at so much per bing, MACKENZIE //is?. Nhb. I. too. Nhb.,
Dnr. It is in this state called by the Alston miners, bouse, FORSTER
Section Strata (1821) 337. w.Yks.1 Stf. At Acton they distinguish
their lead ore into three sorts, the best being called bing, the
middle sort bouse (s. v. Bing) (K.) ; Stf.1
2. Comp. (i) Bouse-smithem, small ore as it is washed
by the sieve; (2) -team, a heap of ore 'teamed' or emptied
from a cart.
(i) w.Yks.1 (a) Nhb.1 Long rows of house-teams and bing-
steads on each side, TOMLINSON Guide to Nhb. 160.
3. The bank on each side of a vein of lead ore.
Der. Each miner went to work and . . . loosened the ore and
spar and threw the latter into a bank or ridge of their vestry or
bowse on each side of the vein, MARSHALL Review (1814) IV. no.
BOUSE, see Boose, Booze.
BOUSEN, see Boosing.
BOUSHTY, sb. Sc. [bu'Jti.j A bed. Also used
attrib. See Buisty.
n.Sc. Cum yer wa's, my wee dawtie, an a'll pit ye t'yir bonnie
bushtie-ba W.G.). Abd. (JAM.) ; See you grace my boushty nook
To had me cozy, SHIRREFS Poems (1790) 357.
BOUSY, adj.1 Sc. Nhb. Also written boozy Sc.
(JAM.) ; bowzy Nhb.1 [bu'zi.] Covered with bushes,
wooded ; bushy, hairy.
SIk. By a little bousy lain, HOGG Mount. Bard, Sandy Tod, st. 3.
Rxb., Gall. A branch or tree that is rich in foliage is said to have
a boozy top (JAM.). Kcb. And to the sun in drowsy mood spreads
out His boozy tail, DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 3 ; Ilk heifer . . .
licks down thy boozy lisk, ib. 47. Nhb.1
BOUSY, adj.2 Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Glo. Oxf. Brks.
Also written boosy Cum. ; boozy Sc. QAM.) Nhb.1 ;
bouzy Sc. (JAM.) ; bowsy Sc. (JAM.) n.Yks.1 Glo.1 Oxf.1
Brks.1; bowzy Nhb.1 [tu'zi, bevrzi.] Bulky, full-bodied,
stout, plump.
Sc. A plump strong-made child is called a boozy creature
(JAM.). Nhb.1 Cum. An' down his boosy burden fell, STAGG Misc.
Poems (1805) 116; (M.P.) n.Yks.12, Glo.1 Oxf.1 MS. add.
Brks. (Coll. L.L.B.) ; Brks.1
Hence (i) Bouzy-kited, adj. big-bellied'; (2) -like, adj.
having the appearance of distension or size.
(i) n.Yfcs.2 (a) Lth. It is said of a pregnant woman that she is
grown boozy-like (JAM.).
JCp. G. bauschig, ' schwellend,' also bausig ; bauschen,
' sich anschwellend ausdehnen,' also bausen JSANDERS) ;
Bavar. dial, bauschen (SCHMELLER). MHG. bus, ' schwel-
lendefulle' (LEXER).]
BOUT, si.1 and v.1 Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also in forms baat e.Lan.1; baht Yks. ;'[beawt e.Lan.1;
boot Nhb.1 Cum.1 Wm.1 ; about Suf.
1. sb. In ploughing or sowing, the length of a furrow and
back again.
n.Sc. Taking one furrow for every bout, as it is called, or every
two turns with the plough, Agric. Sum. Inv. 124 (JAM.). Frf.
STEPHENS Farm Bk. (ed. 1849) I. 166. Cum.1, e.Yks.1, Chs.1
s.Chs. I think we'n go another bait (T.D.). Stf. (C.S.B.), nw.Der.1,
Lei.1 Nhp.1 The ploughman went ten bouts before dinner. w.Wor.1,
s.Wor.1. se.Wor.1 Shr. Place the potatoe sets and then plough
a bout upon them, MARSHALL Review (1818) II. 244; Shr.1 The
number of bouts to a ' but ' varies according to the nature of the
soil; Shr.2, Hrf. (W.W.S.), Glo.1, Oxf.1 MS. add. Hrt. Little
ridges, composed of two bouts, ELLIS Mod. Husb. (1750) I. i.
e.An.1 Nrf. The labourers considered it unlucky to miss a ' bout '
in corn or seed sowing, CLYDE Garl. (1872) i; Nrf.1 Suf.
^,C.T.) ; Four bouts to a yard means that the plough turns over nine
inches in width in each furrow, RAiNBiRD^n'c. (1819) 289, ed.
1849 ; I have just ploughed twenty abouts without resting l^F.H.) ;
VOL. I.
Suf.1 Ess. Many fallows on the two-bout ridge for barley and
wheat, YOUNG Agric. 1,1807) I. 29. Cor.3
2. Contp. (i) Bout-lands, (2) -ridges, the ridges formed
by ploughing, ready for the seed.
(i) Hrt. We sow the thetch seed in two boutlands, ELLIS Mod.
Husb. (1750) I. i. (2) Shr. Plough a wheat fallow in two, three, or
even four bout-ridges, MARSHALL Review (1818) II. 244.
3. The extent of ground mown by a labourer moving
straight down the field.
Sc. That rake'll tak in your hale bout. Corn or hay, when cut by
the scythe, and lying-in rows, is said to be lying in the bout (JAM.).
Hence Boutgang, Boutgate, Bouting, sb. the space
gone over or the work done with one sharpening of the
scythe. (JAM. Suppl.)
4. A circuit round a district or place ; a course or round
in knitting stockings.
Stf.2 Nai bi kearful, Sali, dZust put )>rei muar bauts on, an Sen
bigin ta narar. Lets run ar baulors raind bildinz. Wein av J>r6i
bauts an sei u winz. Shr.1 'Ou bin 'ee gettin' on 6oth that stockin' ?
— I'm at the quirk 65thin a bout or two. Oxf.1
5. A quantity of thread, &c., wound on a clew while the
clew is held in the same position ; threads of the warp
taken from the edge of a web of yarn, and used as cord.
Sc. (JAM.) s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890).
8. A period of time, occasion ; a day's work.
Cum. Ay, it'll sarve its turn this bout, LINTON Lake Cy. (1864)
298. Wm.1 w.Yks. That wer' a long bout of wet weather (J.T.).
Lan. I'll trust no moor to noather carts nor waggins this beawt,
WAUGH Snowed-up, vi. Lei.1 Not this bout. Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1
In Sus. it answers to a ' day's work,' but in e.Ken. it is more often
applied to a period of hard work or of sickness. Sus.1 1 shan't do
it this bout [I shall not finish to-day].
7. A turn, trial, attempt ; a round at a game, prize-
fighting, &c.
Dur.1 Cum. Thou's to wait for thy bout, DICKINSON Cumbr.
(1876) 340 ; Cum.1 Let him have a boot at threshin'. Wm.1
Lan. Jim won the first bout, but Tom won every bout after (S.W.).
e.Lan.1 Rut.1 You have a try, Mr. N. — Not this bout, thank you.
s.War.1 se.Wor.1 A ' bout ' at backsword corresponds with a
1 round ' at boxing. Shr.2, Glo. (A. B.) Brks.1 ' Bout ' is called out
by one of the combatants at backswording* as a notice that the
round is ended. Ken.1
8. A contest, encounter ; a struggle, difficult business.
Lth. Our city wa's, wi' yetts sae stout, . . . saved our sires frae
mony a bout O' southern foe, BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 8. N.Cy.1
Nhb. And in all their angling bouts, Coquetdale Sngs. (1852) 47 ;
Nhb.1 Cum. I'll tell ye how an' why This parlish bout began, STAGG
Misc. Poems (1805) 2 ; Ah hed a gay boot wid it afoor Ah gat it
deun (J.D.). n.Yks.2 A heavy bout, or a sad bout, difficult or
serious work. w.Yks. Sich a baht wi him to get it done, BANKS
Wkfld. Wds. (1865) ; w.Yks.2 ; w.Yks.5 A man has had ' a~sad
bout' with another man in trying to persuade him to co-operate
in some undertaking. Lan. I had a terrible bout with him and he
wouldn't give in to what I said t^S.W.). Not 'J.H.B.), n.Lin.1,
Shr.2 Nrf. They threatned to have a bout with the Organs upon
Shrove Tuesday, True News from Norwich (1641) in Antiq. Misc.
II. pt. ii. 385.
9. A merry-making, ' spree ' ; an entertainment, party.
Cum. Or neet we's hae a hearty bout, GILPIN Sngs. (1866)
Worton Wedding. n.Yks.2 A brave jolly bout. w.Yks.1 We'll
have a merry bout. Lan. A dainty allowed at th" close uv every
porritch-eitin beawt, STATON B. Shuttle Bowtun, 4. Chs.13, £>tf.2,
Nhp.2 Shr.1 They'd'n a big bout at the uvver 'ouse las' wik.
10. An attack of illness, &c. ; a fit of drunkenness.
Nhb.1 O hinny, aa've sic boots i' me heed. Dur.1 n.Yks. He's
had a badly [sick] boot (W.H.) ; n.Yks.2 e.Yks.1 Ah was teean
badly last Thosday week an Ah've had a bad bout on't. w.Yks.
Brandy browt fowk raand When they'd sich bahts as thame,
PRESTON Poems (1864) 21 ; He's on a drinking bout (J.T. ) ; Yo
kno'n second bahts is war nor't furst, BYWATER Sheffield Dial.
(1839) 120; w.Yks.2; w.Yks.5 A drukken bout. Chs.13 Stf.2
Nu sar, oi darns gu tsapil ; it giz mi a baut a kofin as saun az oi
get insoid. Not.1 n.Lin.1 He's hed a bad bowt this time ; we
thoht noht bud he wo'd dee. Lei. Ther fad-hur 'az u meni bad
bae-uotz (C.E.) ; Lei.1 Nhp.2 He's had a sad bout. War.3, s.Wor.1
Shr.1 John's . . . 'ad a bad bout on it ; 'e's bin o' the box three
months [dependent on the sick clubl. Hnt. (T.P.F.) Ken.1 Poor
chap, he s had a long bout of it. [Such a man is got in his boots
= has been at a drinking bout, KENNETT Par. Antiq. (1695).]
3 A
BOUT
[362]
BOW
11. A measure of lead ore consisting of 24 ' dishes.'
Wm.1 32 'bouts ' make a ' take-up,' which represents the amount
of mineral supposed to be got in a miner's day.
12. v. To make a ridge of earth with a plough, &c.
Hrt. He bouted it up with the same plough, ELLIS Mod. Hush.
(1750) I. i. Shr.1 To bout up is to ridge ground for turnips. Hrf.
(W.W.S.)
Hence (i) Bouting, vbl. sb. land ploughed into ridges
or furrows ; (a) Bouting-plough, sb. a plough used in pre-
paring land for turnips, &c.
(i) Hrt. Two boutings are better than one four-thoroughing,
ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) III. i. (a) Bdf. (J.W.B.)
[1. They make not past two or three bouts in a land,
and as many ridges, HOLLAND Pliny (1601) bk. xvm. xviii,
ed. 1634, I. 578. 4. I love not to fetch any bouts where
there is a nearer way, ADAMS Wks. (c. 1600) II. 14 (DAY.).
8. Damsel, I'll have a bout with you again, SHAKS. i Hen.
VI, in. ii. 56. The same word as bought (sb.1), q.v.]
BOUT, v? and sb.z Sc. Also written bowt (JAM.).
1. v. To spring, leap, jump. Cf. bolt.
Sc. (JAM.) Abd. Her heart was sair ; Out at her mou' it just
was like to bout, Ross Helenore (1768) 22, ed. 1812.
2. sb. A sudden jerk, a spring; a hasty entrance or
departure. (JAM.)
[The same as lit. E. bolt (to spring, move suddenly).]
BOUT, sb.3 Obs. Glo. A rabbit-hole.
Glo. (W.H.C.); In use 40 years ago, but not known now
(H.S.H.) ; Glo.1
BOUT, sb* Dur. A ' level.'
Dur. GIBSON Up- Weardale Gl. (1870).
BOUT, prep, and conj. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Not. Lin.
Lei. Also written baatw. Yks.3 e.Lan.1; bant Chs.1; bart
w.Yks.5; bawtw.Yks.24; beawt Lan.Chs.1; be-out n.Yks.1
Not.1 Lei.1 ; bight Chs.1 ; bowt Chs.1 s.Chs.1
1. prep. Without, destitute of, apart from. See But.
n.Yks. Her said ef her lived . . . He'd nivver be be-out a box o' mah
pills, Clevel. Sword Dance, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Sept. 19, 1891) ;
n.Yks.1 w.Yks. He's beawt shoon an' beawt hat (D.L.); Hathe-
cliff has sent me for his lad, and I munn't goa back 'bout him,
BRONTE Wuthering Heights (1847) xix ; w.Yks.1 Touch nou a cat
bout gloves; w.Yks.2 Way, thah ma go baht it; w.Yks.3 *;
w.Yks.5 Noan on us is bart a fault. Lan. I shouldno' be lung
bout a mother, BRIERLEY Cast upon World (1886) 23 ; Knee
breeches were kept on beawt braces, COLLINS Poems (1859) 6.
e-Lan.1, mXan.1 Chs. I ud put "em i' his poke baht sayingk owt,
CLOUGH B. Bresskittle (1879) 14 ; BAILEY (1721) ; Chs.1 If we
wanten eawt and conna pay, we done bight ; Chs.2 s.Chs.1 Ahy
wu)nu taak- ton buwt tiidh-ur [I wunna tak ton bowt tother]. Der.
He can bring a calvin cow through beawt ony o' their meddlin,
WARD David Grieve (1892) I. vi ; Der.12, nw.Der.1 Not. (J.H.B.) ;
Not.1 nXin.1 He was soa scar'd he run awaay beoot his coat an'
waais-coat. Lei.1
2. conj. Unless, except.
w.Yks. This really belongs to our neighbour the County Palatine,
and is only a border word, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Aug. 22, 1891).
Lan. Besides, aw couldno, bout aw'd bin towd 'at Sam were
well, DOHERTY N. Barlow (1884) 46; I didno' care a tinker's blessin
for Kesmas, beaut we could howd it up same as other folk, Ab-o'tK
Yate Xmas Dinner (1886) 6 ; Lan.1 s.Chs.1 1 wunna go bait yo'n
come wi' me. n.Lin.1 I can't goa beoot you lend me a herse to
ride on.
3. In phr. (i) to be bout, as Barrow was, to be without ;
(2) boufs bare, but it's yeasy, he that is without money is
bare, but it is safe travelling; (3) better bad than bout,
better to be badly off than to have nothing ; (4) bout wit,
a fool, without sense.
(i) Chs. RAY Prov. (1678) 66; N. & Q. (1852) ist S. vi. 386.
(2) Lan. HARLAND & WILKINSON Leg. (1873) 202. (3) Chs.2 Prov.
' Better bad than bout,' said by a woman urged to quit a bad
husband. (4) Lan. Will ta howd thi din, tha greyt beawt wit,
LAHEE Owd Yem, 21 ; In common use (S.W.).
[Bout ony buske, Wars Alex. (c. 1450) 1340 (Dublin
MS.) ; Schip boute mast, boute anker or ore, Wm. Pal.
(c. 1350) 567 ; Arthur wolde fihte boute eni cniht, LAJAMON
(c. 1275) 23676. OE. butan (buta), outside of, also be-
utan.}
BOUTEFEU, sb. Obs. Sc. An incendiary.
Sc. If the Scottish commissioners proved boutefeus in the
business . . . they have to answer to God for it, GUTHRY Memoirs
(1747) 113 (JAM.).
[A very boutefeu, BACON Henry VII (162.2), ed. Lumby,
66. Fr. boute-feu, a boutefeu, a wilful firer of houses, also
a firebrand of sedition (CoTGR.).]
BOUTER, sb. Obs. Suf. A side table.
Suf. The female servants at a side table called a bouter, Life of
Crabbe, I. 142, in CLYDE New Carl. (1866) 303 ; No longer used,
N. & Q. (1887) 7th S. iv. 7.
[Bout (outside), see bout, prep. + -er.]
BOUT-GATE, sb. Sc. A circuitous, roundabout road
or way. Also usedy?^.
Abd. Made shift by bout-gates to put affthe day, Ross Helenore
(1768) 86, ed. 1812. Fit Sic droll bout-gates, Sic sma' mean
means, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 176.
[Be boutgates alanerlie & bygates and the ny' seasone
thay cum quhair thay walde be, DALRYMPLE Leslie's Hist.
Scot. (1596) I. 102. Bout for about+gate (a going), q.v.]
BOUT-HAMMER, sb. e.An. A blacksmith's heavy
two-handed hammer ; a sledge-hammer.
e-An.1 Nrf. Here, jist hand me that there bout-hammer (W.R.E.)j
Nrf.1
[If my wife scold, my bout-hammer shall roar, BEAU-
MONT & FLETCHER Faithful Friends, IV. v, ed. Dyce, IV.
289. For about-hammer, cp. about-sledge, the largest
hammer employed by smiths ; it is slung round near the
extremity of the handle (WEALE).]
BOUTHER, see Boulder.
BOUTIGO, sb. Cor. Also in form bout-a-go, bout-'i-
go Cor.1 ; bouteygo. A tramp ; a gadabout.
Cor. A seed a poor owld bouteygo goin' 'long t'other day,
HICHAM Dial. (1866) 17; Cor.1 I caan't abear boutigos [pr.
boutshego] coming round the town plaace [the farm-yard].
[Bout for about + -igo. The suff. is perh. the same as the
-ego (ico) of the Cor. word assinego (q.v.).]
BOUTOCK, sb. Or.I. A square piece of coarse cloth
for covering the shoulders.
Or.I. (JAM.) S. & Ork.1
BOUVRAGE, sb. Sc. Drink, beverage.
Sc. It is pilfering from the revenue ... to pay for foreign bou-
vrage, Culloden Papers (1815) 184 (JAM.).
[OFr. bovrage, drink (HATZFELD, s.v. breuvage).]
BOUZEN, see Boosing.
BOVISAND SOLDIER, sb. phr. Dev.4 The redspur
valerian, Centranthus ruber.
[Bovisand repr. Bovey sand. Bovey is the name of a
parish near Exeter.]
BOW, v.1 Sc. Cum. Yks. Lin. Som. Dev. Cor. Also
written boo Sc. [bu.] To bend, to curve. Also used
fig-
Per. We'll bow our houghs and hae a crack, NICOLL Poems
(1837) 82, ed. 1843. Ayr. I never boo'd an e'e the whole nicht,
SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887) 87. Edb. Duncan was not so bowed
in the intellect as ye imagine, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) xviii.
Dmb.It'sabandbetweenyouand the gentleman,andyeseeitisbow'd
awa to the left side, CROSS Disruption (1844) xxiii. m-Yks.1 Bow
me that bough. nXin.1 w.Som.1 Muyn yue doan buw dhu zuyv
[take care you do not bend the scythe]. The word 'bend' is
unknown. Dev. Bow that piece of iron, w. Times (Mar. 12, 1886)
6, col. 4 ; Dev.1 n.Dev. Who'th bued thickkay handle ? (F.A.A.)
nw.Dev.1 Thikky ire's all a-bue'd [very much bent].
Hence (i) Bow-bent, adj. stooping with age ; (2)
Bowdie-leggit, adj. having bow legs ; (3) Bowed, ppl.
adj. bent, crooked ; (4) Bow -houghs, sb. crooked legs ;
(5) -houghed, adj. bow-legged; (6) Bowing-chaffs, sb.
distortion of the face by grimaces, &c. ; (7) Bowings or
Bueings, vbl. sb. the joints, esp. the under-part of the knee-
joints ; (8) Bowsie, sb. a term of contempt given to one
who is crooked.
(i) n.Yks. T'awd man gans bow-bent (I.W.). (2) Bnff. (W.G.)
(3) Sc. Many persons are still possessed by the notion that a bowyt
or crooked coin has luck attached to it QAM. Suppl.). Per. (G.W.)
Ayr. A runt was like a sow-tail, Sae bow't that night, BURNS
Halloween (1785) st. 4. Cor.1 A little bowed old man. (4) Abd.
(JAM.) (5) Ayr. She's bow-hough'd, she's hein shinn'd, BURNS
Willie's Wife, st. 3. Lth. The puir auld brute's bow-houghed an'
blin', BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 130. Cum. I seed thee last neet
BOW
[36.3]
BOWDEN
wi' bow-hough'd Peat, ANDERSON Ballads (1805) 105, ed. 1808;
LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 298. (6) Or.I. (JAM. Suppl.) (7) Dev.
iv.Times (Mar. 12, 1886) 6, col. 4; Dev.1 Cor.1; Cor.2 I've got
such pains in my bowings. (8) Draf. (JAM.)
[The yerde is bet that bowen wole and winde Than
that that brest, CHAUCER Troilus, i. 257.]
BOW, sb.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. The arch of a bridge or gateway, an archway.
Sc. Four-and-twenty bows in the auldbrigo'Callander, CHAMBERS
Pop. Rhymes( 1870) 252. Yks.(F.M.L-) w.Yks.5 The magnificent
archway entrance to a palace, or any arcade attaching thereto,
would both be bows simply, though they might be 'grand bows
fursure.' nXln.1, sw.Lin.1 Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng.
(1825); (J.S.F.S.); W. & J. Gl. (1873). Dev. He recollected
very well seeing poor George Philp and his high-minded wife
pass under the church-bow, BRAY Desc. Tamar and Tavy (1836)
III. 150.
2. Comp. (i) Bow-bridge ; (2) -brig, a one-arched bridge,
as distinguished from one formed of planks or long stones.
(i) n.Yks.2, w.Yks.1 (2) Abd. (JAM.)
3. An instrument for shooting arrows ; in comp. (i)
Bow-arrow, a bow and arrow; (2) -bearer, a forest
official.
(i) s.Chs.1 (2) Not. Bow-bearer and Ranger — Lord Byron,
MARSHALL Review (1814) IV. 151.
4. The wooden yoke by which oxen were attached to
the plough, &c. ; the loop in front of the yoke of a harrow,
to which the drawing-chain is attached.
Abd. (JAM.) s.Pem. LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 410. Som. (W.F.R.)
Cor.3
5. A fiddler, a player.
Rnf. Few bows wi' my ain guidman Could play strathspey or
reel, YOUNG Pictures (1865) 14. Kcd. Three bows fae well-accordit
strings Drew nae uncertain soun', GRANT Lays (1884) 63.
6. The lower lip when it hangs down pettishly. e.Lan.1
7. A willow twig bent in the form of a crescent to which
a fishing-net is fastened.
Lin. Still in use, but now gen. made of iron instead of willow
(J.C.W.). nXin.1
8. A piece of cap-wire used to make the border of a
woman's cap stand out.
Lin. Still in use but not common, as these large caps are only
worn by a few old women (J.C.W.). n.Lin.1
9. An old-fashioned high fire-guard.
War.3 Have you put the bow round the fire in the children's
room ? Shr.1 Rings usually encircle the top rod of the bow for the
children to play with.
10. The semi-circular handle of a pail, &c. In pi. the
hoops on which the tilt of a wagon or cart is supported.
Kcd. Tradition says, into this pot A golden vessel lies; And Mil-
town once did see the bow, JAMIE Muse (1844) 23. n.Yks.1,
n.Lin.1
11. Comp. (i) Bow-kite, a large can with a cover ; (2)
-skep, a coarse bowl-shaped basket with a bowed handle.
(i) Yks. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (2) n.Yks.2
12. The handle of a key, scissors, &c.
w.Yks. (C.V.C.) n.Lin.1 For mendinge the bowe of the church
dore key iiij<*, Louth Church Ace. (1628) IV. 35. sw.Lin.1
13. A piece of wood used to hinder a pig, &c., from
getting through a hedge.
n.Yks. We mun put a bow on t'pig (I.W.).
14. pi. Obsol. Sugar-tongs.
Sc. Existing only in the recollection of old people (JAM.).
15. The antler or point which grows from the front of
a stag's horn, nearest to the head.
w.Som.1 A warrantable stag has bow, bay, and tray antlers, Rcc.
n.Dev. Staghounds, 9.
16. Comp. Bow-saw, a thin fret-saw, fixed in a frame
with semi-circular handle. QAM.)
17. In phr. (i) to go over or through the bows, to behave
in a disorderly manner, to go beyond bounds ; (2) to
bring up to one's own bow, to bring up in one's own
methods and habits ; (3) to take through the bows, to call
to a severe reckoning ; (4) to err on the bow-hand, to fail in
a design.
(i) Bnff.1 He's fairly through the bows wee drink. She's gane
a' through the bows wee pride an' ill naiter. Abd. Gin we be
licklyto gae owre the bows, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xxvii.
— j ™ i
(a) Shr.1 I'd rather take a young girl as 'ad never been out ;
I could sooner bring 'er up to my own bow. (3) Abd. (JAM.)
(4) Sc. I would you would cease your fruitless efforts of serving
one, whom there is no chance of ultimately assisting. . . . You have
now erred as far on the bow-hand, SCOTT Nigel (1822) iv.
[4. As the ox hath his bow, sir, the horse his curb, and
the falcon her bells, so man hath his desires, SHAKS. As
You, in. iii. 80 ; His oxen or horses and the geare that
belongeth to them ; that is to say, bowes, yokes, FITZ-
HERBERT Hush. (1534) 14. 12. L'anneau d'une clef, the
bow (or upmost part) of a key, COTGR.]
BOW, sb.2 and v* Obsol. Chs.
1. sb. An instrument used in hatting, made of a pole
about 6 feet long, with projecting pieces at each end, over
which is drawn a string of catgut.
Chs.1 This was formerly used for opening out and spreading the
materials from which the hat bodies were made. In ' bowing ' the
materials for hat bodies the ' bow ' is taken in the left hand and
the ' bow-peg ' in the right. The string of catgut is pulled by the
end piece of the bow-peg, and then let go (s.v. Twang).
2. Comp. Bow-peg, a wooden instrument with cross-
pieces at each end, used with the bow in spreading out
the materials of which a hat is made. ib.
3. Obs. A species of flexible ash fixed over a cooper's
lathe, and connected with the treadle, now superseded by
a wheel, ib.
4. v. To use the bow for spreading the materials used
in making hats.
Chs.1 [The body maker commenced operations, and for bowing,
basining, boiling, and planking he received in 1805 Ss. per dozen,
Hist. Denton Chapel in Chet. Soc. (1855) xxxvii.]
BOW, sb? and v? Sc.
1. sb. A buoy.
S. & Ork.1 Sh.I. (JAM. Suppl.) Bnff.1 When a line is shot,
a buoy or bow is attached to each end.
2. Comp. (i) Bow-keg, a small keg used as a buoy ; (2)
-row, a fishing term : the row from one buoy to another
when a line breaks and the fisherman goes to haul it from
the other end ; (3) -tow, a buoy-rope.
(i) S. & Ork.1 (2) Bnff.1 We brook wir line the day, an' we
hid a bow-row. (3) S. & Ork.1
3. The iron which passes through the lead-stone from
which the hooks hang. S. & Ork.1
4. v. To buoy up, to fasten buoys to.
S. & Ork.1 Sh.I. (JAM. Suppl.)
BOW, sb* Sc. Wm. Also written boll QAM.). S.&Ork.1
1. A house, a dwelling ; cattle-fold.
Or.I. The principal farm house on an estate is in a great many
instances called the boll or bow (JAM.). Wm. Kirkby- Stephen and
Appleby Monthly Messenger (Apr. 1891).
2. Comp. Bow-man, a cottager, a ploughman.
Or.L The amount ... a cottager or bollman and his wife can
earn, Stronsay Statist. Ace. xv. 415 (JAM.) ; ELLIS Pronunc. (1885)
798. S. & Ork.1
Hence (i) Bower, sb. the manager of a dairy farm ; (2)
Bowing, vbl. sb. a small holding or lease of a farm in grass,
with the live stock on it ; the care of a dairy. Cf. booin.
(i) Ayr. Left her there wi' the bouar's wife, SERVICE Notandums
(1890) 103 ; Jamie bode wi' the bower, JOHNSTON Kilmallie (1891)
I. 38. (2) Sc. The ' bower ' of the present time, whose holding is
called a ' bowing," N. & Q. (1873) 4th S. xii. 337 ; NORTON Cyclo.
Agric. (1863). Ayr. They might get the bowing oi some small
farm, JOHNSTON Glenbuckie (1889) 214.
[Norw. dial, bol, an abode (very freq. in local names)
(AASEN) ; ON. bol.]
BOW, see Bo, Boar, Boll.
BOW-BELLS, 56. pi. w.Wor.1 The wood anemone,
Anemone nemorosa.
BOWD, see Boud.
BOWDEN, v. Sc. Also in form bouden. [botrdan.]
1. Of cattle, &c., after eating too much grass : to swell.
Bnff.1
2. Fig. To swell with wrath, anger, courage, &c.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Abd. An' bein' bouden'd up
wi wraith, FORBES Ajax (1742) 3.
[Suddanlie The fluide boldnit, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513),
ed. 1874, ii. 52 ; About the wall thair ran ane water void,
3 A 2
BOWDEN
[364]
BOWIE
. . . Boldning to ryis the castell to confound, DOUGLAS
King Hart (c. 1510), ed. 1874, i. 88. Boldne is a Sc. form
of ME. bolnm, to swell. 7'umeo, to bolynyn, Cath. Angl.
ON. bolgna, to swell ; cp. Da. bolne.]
BOWDEN,//. Sc. [bou-dan.] Swollen. Cf. bown,//.
Abd. And her breast With wae was bowden, Ross Helenore
(1768) 65, ed. 1812.
Hence Bowden, ///. adj. swollen, heavy.
Abd. The bowden clouds they brak, ib. 80.
[Bowels bowden with bruised blude, MONTGOMERIE
Flyting (c. 1580), ed. Cranstoun, 78 ; My breist . . . bowdyn
wes sa huge, DUNBAR The Tua Mariit (c. 1500), ed. Small,
II. 41. In DALRYMPLE Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1596) there
occurs the form ' bowdin ' (I. 32) as well as the older
form ' boldne ' (II. 256). Bolden is a Sc. form of ME. bollen,
swollen. Cogn. w. ME. boljen (OE. bolgen), pp. of OE.
belgan, to swell.]
BOWDY, sb. Nhb. [Not known to our correspondents.]
A large wooden bowl.
Nhb. Athenaeum (May 25, 1895).
BOWDYKITE, sb. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Also in form
bawdykite n.Yks.2 ; bowdikite N.Cy.1 Dur.1 ; bowley-
kite N-Cy.1 [bptrdi-, b^'di-kait] A term of contempt
or derision applied chiefly to a forward, precocious child ;
a corpulent person. Also used attrib.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) Suppl. ; N.Cy.1 Nhb. Deil smash a good
tune could this bowdy-kite play, ROBSON Sngs. ofTyne (1849) 124 ;
Nhb.1 The term is always applied to a male. He's just a bowdy-
kite lad. Dur.1, n.Yks.12 ne. Yks.1 In rare use. Thoo bowdykite ;
cum oot o' t'rooad. e.Yks. Off he set, as hahd as ivver his bowdy-
kite legs wad carry him, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 33 ; e.Yks.1,
m-Yks.1, w.Yks.5
BOWEL, sb. Sc. Nhb. Not. In comp. (i) Bowel-
fever, typhoid fever; (2) -hive, inflammation of the
bowels; (3) -hive-grass, the lady's mantle or parsley
piert, Alchemilla arvensis.
(i) s.Not. (J.P.K.) (2) Sc. The disease, called by mothers and
nurses in Scotland, the bowel-hive, is a dangerous inflammatory
biliousdisorder, CURTIS Medical Obs. 187 (JAM.); N. &*Q. (1858) 2nd
S. v. 266. Inv. (H.E.F.) Ayr. Ane of the weans had the bowel-
hyves, SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887) iai. (3) Sc. In some parts the
Alchemilla arvensis, or field ladie's mantle, is called bowel hivegrass,
because it is said to be an efficient remedy in the bowel hive
of children, &c., N. & Q. (1858) and S. v. 266. Nhb.1
BOWEN, see Boyne.
BOWENS, sb. Cum.1 Written booin. 1. Setucio
jacobaea, ragwort. 2. S. vulgaris, groundsel. Cf. bow-
locks.
BOWER, s*.1 Obsol. or obs. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm.
Also written booer ^um.1 ; boor N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Cum. ;
bour N.Cy.1 [bur, bu'ar.]
1. An inner room, parlour ; the bedchamber in which the
master and mistress sleep.
Sc. And even at my love's bour door, SCOTT Minstrelsy (1802)
III. 153, ed. 1848. N.Cy.1 Nhb. There's a man i' our dochter's bower,
DIXON Sngs. Eng. Peas. (1846) 76, ed. 1857 ; Nhb.1 The dowager
lady of a house had her own apartment, or bower, separate from
the rest of her son's household. Lakel. ELLWOOD (1895). Cum.
GILPIN Sngs. (1866) 276; We in the bower git tea, ANDERSON
Ballads (1805) 118, ed. 1808; Gl. (1851^; Cum.1 Wm. The
bower or chamber in which the master or mistress slept, and which
was one-third larger than the pantry, Lonsdale Mag. (1822) III.
288 ; BRIGGS Remains (1825) 202 ; Wm.1
2. Comp. Bower-woman, sb. lady's maid.
Sc. Tibb Tacket, who, in better days, had been her bower-
woman, SCOTT Monastery (1820) iii.
[A boor, a parlour, a bed-chamber or inner room,
BAILEY (1721) ; Bowre, chambyr, thalamus, conclave,
Prompt. ; Ful many_a mayde, bright in bour, CHAUCER
C. T. B. 1932. OE. bur, an inner room. Cubiculum, bed
cofa vel bur, J£LFRIC (c. 1000) in Wright's Voc. (1884) 124.]
BOWER, sb? Obs. Sc. (JAM.) Nhb. A bow-maker.
Nhb.1 Wm. Wilde, of Newcastle, bower, WELFORD Hist of
Newc. XVI. Cent. 378.
[A bower, arcuarius, Cath. Angl. (1483) ; The bowers
and flecchers, York Myst. (c. 1400) 254.]
BOWERIE, sb. Sus. [Not known to our correspon-
dents.] Lodging, shelter.
Sus. Guv all his brads for brencheese an a bowerie, JACKSON
Southward Ho (1894) I. 251.
BOWERLY, adj. Som. Dev.Cor. [b^'sli] Blooming,
comely, well made ; stately, portly, stout.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 Not conveying the idea of
coarsenessorroughnessofthelit. 'burly.' Ee-zubaawurleesoa-urt
uv u mae'un [he is a large, portly sort of a man]. Dev.1 Her
mother came way her, and a comely bowerly woman her was, as
wan wid wish to zee, 6. n.Dev. Wi' bowerly maids, an vore-right
men, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 57. s.Dev. A fine bowerly
woman, Fox Kingsbridge (1874). Cor. Eve's a fine bowerly
maid, PARR Adam and Eve (1880) xi ; Cor.12
[He had scene in the citee of Miletus . . . right greate
and bowerly images, UDAL Erasm. Apophth. (1542), ed.
1877, 208 (DAV.).]
BOWER MUGS, sb. pi. Chs.13 Also in form ba
mugs. Pieces of crockery used as playthings by children.
BOWER-STONE, sb. Hmp. A boundary stone.
Hmp. WISE New Forest (1883) 280; Hmp.1
BOWERY, sb. Shr.12 e.An.1 Also written bowry
e.An.1 [bou'ri.] A bower or arbour, a shady recess ;
a place ornamented by children with broken glass or
earthenware.
BpWERY, adj. N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Plump, buxom, gen.
applied to a young woman in excellent health. Cf.
bowerly.
BOWERY, see Boorey.
BOWET, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Also written booet,
bouet, buat Sc. [bu'-it, bu'-at.] A hand lantern ; Jig.
the moon.
Sc. He muttered a Gaelic curse upon the unseasonable splendour
of MacFarlane's buat, SCOTT Waverley (1814) xxxviii ; Servants
moving about the barnyard with their lanterns — we called them
'bowits' in my young days, WHITEHEAD Daft Davit (1876) 257, ed.
1894. Abd. Bleezin o' licht like a new gless booet, ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb (1871) xli. Lth. High she held her bouet gleamin',
SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 134; John Thamson's gudewife cam
her liege lord to seek, Wi' a bowit that shone like a star, O !
BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 113. Edb. His horn bowet glimmering
by his knee, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) x. n.Cy. GROSE (1790)
Suppl. Nhb.1 Cum. The country people call a lanthorn a bowet,
HUTCHINSON Hist. Cum. (1794) II. 354.
[Bowett or lanterne, lucerna, lanterna, Prompt. Lucerna
boeta, ' lampe allumee que Ton porte, enfermee dans une
cage de verre, lorsqu'on porte le viatique aux malades '
(DUCANGE). Fr. dial. (Berry) bouete, equiv. of Fr. boite,
see LITTRE. Cp. Beam boeyte, ' boite' (LESPY).]
BOWETY, see Bawaty.
BOWFARTS, sb. Sc. In phr. in the bowfarts, lying
on the back and unable to rise.
Bnff.1 The littlin's i' th' bowfarts. Help it up, or I'll hurt itsel'.
BOWGE, see Bouge.
BOWGER, see Bouger.
BOWGIE, see Bougie.
BOW-HAUL, v. Wor. Shr. Glo. To tow a vessel by
man-power. s.Wor.1, Glo.1
Hence Bow-hauler, or -haulier, sb. a man who by
means of a rope tows or drags a barge along the Severn.
Shr. BOUND Prov. (1876); Shr.1 Obsol. ' Buo'au'lur' obtains
between Coalport and Buildwas; 'buo'au'lyur' about Cressage ;
Shr.2
[Bow (the fore-end of a boat) + /««/ (to draw with
force).]
BOWIE, sb. Sc. Nhb. [bou'i.]
1. A small barrel or cask with the head taken off;
a tub.
Sc. He sells them to your grandfather, who makes them into
spoons, trenchers, bickers, bowies, and so forth, SCOTT Old Mor-
tality (1816) Introd. ; He's playin' upo' the drum-held as gin he was
loupin' in a bowie, MACDONALD R. Falconer (1868) ii. Abd. Bat
set the bossy back again Upon the bowie head, Goodwife (1867)
st 37 ; A starn o' gweed maut, maskit i' yer nain bowie, ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb (1871) xxx. Kcd. Bowies, cogs, and caups, GRANT
Lays (1884^ 2. Nhb. The rain-tub— that's the black buwey,
HARRISON Tyneside Sngs. 7.
BOW-JOWLER
[365.]
BOWL
2. A wooden vessel made with staves and hoops, for
holding milk, porridge, &c.
Sc. The brown four-year-auld's milk is not seiled yet, nor the
bowies put up on the bink, SCOTT Midlothian (1818) xiv ; The
hooks and crooks of Lambden Burn Fill the bowie and fill the kirn,
CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes (1870) 210. Lnk. To bear the milk-bowie
nae pain was to me, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725") 55, ed. 1783.
Bwk. When the reapers are assembled round the ' Parritch Bowie,'
HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 97. Nhb.1
Hence Bowieful, sb. the fill of a tub, dish for holding
milk, &c.
Sc. Thar bowiefu's o' kail, fu' strang, NICOL Poems (1805) I. 143.
Slk. Davie brought me a hale bowiefu' o' milk, HOGG Brownie of
Bodsbeck (1818) II. 45 (JAM.).
3. A bucket for carrying water, with an iron or wooden
semicircular handle. Per. (JAM.)
[Ane gryt waiter pott . . . Ane gryt bowy, Coll. Invent.
(1542) 72 (JAM.).]
BOW-JOWLER,s6. Cor.12 [bau--dgaula(r).] A place
in a fishing-boat through which the footline is hauled.
BOWK, sb.1 Yks. Chs. Stf. Der. Shr. Also written
bouk Stf.12 Der.1 Shr.12 [bauk, bouk.]
1. A bucket of ' bend ware ' ; a wooden pail with an
upright handle used in dairy work, &c.
Chs. ' Fill bowk' is a name sometimes given to a good cow, Sheaf
(1879) I- 237 : Chs.123, s.Chs.1 Stf. RAY (1691) MS. add. (J.C) ;
Stf.1 ; Stf.2 Not much in use now. Wei dunar yar souk yar
babiz klaits iS bauk far a bit ! Der.1 More particularly a thing like
a churn with a lid or cover. Obs. Shr.1 Obsol.
2. Comp. Bowk-stake, a post with arms or branches on
which the ' bowks ' are hung upside down.
Stf.2 The bouk stake is still in frequent use on farms, and bears
its old name.
3. A large iron pail or bucket used for carrying and
drawing up water, &c., from mines.
w.Vks. (T.T.) Stf. N. V Q. (1875) sth S. iii. 114. s.Stf. PIN-
NOCK Bit. Cy. Ann. (1895); The name of the tub by which the
miners descend and ascend (WEALE). Shr.12
[A mayd . . . who coming from milking fell down with
the bowk on her head and dyed, HENRY Diary (1663,
June 15), ed. 1882, 139 (N.E.D.). OE. buc, a pitcher
(Judges vii. 20).]
BOWK,s6.2 Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Written bouk Shr.12
[bouk.]
1. The ' box ' or nave of a wheel in which the axle is
inserted.
se.Wor.1 s.Wor. It wants a new bit of a bouk to the cart-wheel
(H.K.). Shr. BOUND Prov. (1876) ; Shr.12, Hrf.2, Glo.i
2. Comp. Bowk-iron, a circular piece of iron which lines
the interior of a cart- or wagon-wheel. Shr.2
3. An upright piece of wood, pointed at the lower end,
which falls into the socket of a trough through which the
water from a pond issues, ib.
BOWK, see Boke.
BOW-KAIL, sb. Obsol. Sc. Also written boll- (JAM.
Suppl.). Cabbage. Also used attrib.
Sc. (JAM.) Per. Heard once, used by an old person (G.W.).
Ayr. Poor hav'rel Will fell aff the drift, An' wander'd thro' the
bow-kail, BURNS Halloween (1785) st. 4 ; Poor Willie, wi' his bow-
kail runt, ib. st. 9. Gall. (A. W.) Kcb. Where Adam and his wife
. . . Did plant their bow-kail, DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 7.
BOWKERS, int. Yks. [bou'kaz.] An exclamation
expressive of slight surprise or wonder.
n.Yks.12 e. Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788) Suppl. m.Yks.1
Bowkers me !
BOWL, sb.1 Sc. Yks. Chs. Shr. Hmp. I.W. Dor. Som.
Dev. Cor. Also in form bol, bul Cor.3 ; bow- s.Chs.1
1. The large iron pan in which wool is washed before
being carded. w.Yks. (J.T.)
2. Comp. Bowl-minders, the workmen who look after
the bowls in the washhouse. w.Yks. (S.A.B.)
3. In phr. boivl up, an expression used to show that the
bowl is ready for the next washer. w.Yks. (E.W.)
4. An iron ladle with a long handle used for dipping
water ; also a smaller ladle used in the kitchen.
Cor. THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) Gl. ; Cor.3
5. Comp. (i) Bowl-dish, a large round basin or dish
made of iron, tin, or coarse earthenware ; a wooden bowl
or dish with a handle ; (2) -man or -woman, a stoneware
merchant, a seller of crockery.
(i) s.Chs.1 Much used in making cheese. Shr.2, Hmp.1 I.W.1;
I.W.2 His hear cut round as if he'd putt a bowldish on his head.
Dor. (C.V.G.) w.Som.1 Dev. They . . . held a bowl-dish on their
heads, that Barber Smith might snip round the brim, so as to leave
not one stray hair longer or shorter than another, BRAY Desc.
Tamar and Tavy (,1836) I. 197. (2) Sc. Deep black moss . . . that
Jenny, the tinkler bowlwoman, was lost in one winter, WHITE-
HEAD Daft Davie (1876) 255, ed. 1894. Per. The 'pigman' or
stoneware merchant is the bowl-man (G. W.). Ayr. Quite common
(J.F.).
BOWL, sb.2 Sc. Nhb. War. Som. Cor. Written bool
Sc. Nhb.1 Cor.23 [bul.]
1. A boy's marble ; the game of marbles.
Abd. See wi' oor ain een fat wye the bools '11 row, ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb (1871) xviii. Kcd. I played at the ba', and the same
wi' the bool, JAMIE Muse (1844) 69. Lnk. We were deeply
engaged in a game of the 'bools,' FRASER Whaups (1895) iii. Lth.
Marbles or 'the bools' was entirely a boys' game from the Ring,
Winnie, or Funny, with its hail-butt and half-butt, and nae
shorin', and nickle-deid, and 'reislin' by your nickle set,' to
' Stappie,' ' the Shore,' and other varieties, STRATHESK More Bits
(ed. 1885)33. Cor.3
Hence (i)Booler, sb. a large marble used for throwing;
(2) Booley, sb. a very large marble.
. (i) Inv. (H.E.F.) (2) Cor.23
2. A smooth round stone used in the game of ' boolin '
or bowling (q.v.).
Nhb.1 War the bool there ! Harry Wardle's myed a throw,
Allan's Collection, 88 ; Ne lad like him could heave a bool, ROBSON
Sngs. of Tyne (1849) 99.
3. The ball used at the game of skittles. War.3, w.Som.1
4. A boulder ; a pebble.
Cor. As round he was as any bool, Tim. Towser (1873) 54.
w.Cor. There was a bowl in that broke the winder (M.A.C.).
Cor.3
5. A round water-worn stone used for paving sidewalks.
Nhb.1
6. In phr. the bowls row right, all goes well, turns out
right.
Sc. Mr. Thamas MacFin, that they say is to marry Miss
Alison, if a" bowls row right, SCOTT Rob Roy (1817) xx. Lth.
She gloomed at first, but soon confessed The bowls rowed right
amang th' hether, MACNEILL Poet. Wks. (1801) 215, ed. 1856.
[The same word as lit. E. bowl (in the game of bowls) ;
ME. boule, a sphere (STRATMANN). Fr. boule, a sphere;
Lat. bulla.]
BOWL, sb.3 Yks. Lan. Chs. Not. Lin. Lei. War. Wor.
Shr. Written baal e.Lan.1 ; bool m.Yks.1 [boul, baul ;
w.Yks. bal ; Lan. also bel.] An iron, or wooden, child's
hoop.
m.Yks.1 w.Yks. They're none se keen o' lendin' their bowls
fer soomone else to bowl (F.P.T.); Common in Wilsden, Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 28, 1891) ; w.Yks.5, e.Lan.1, Chs.1, Not.1, s.Not.
-J.P.K.), Lin. (R.E.C.), Lei.1, War. (J.R.W.), War.23, Wor.
(J.W.P.) Shr.1 Dunna bring yore bowl o' the causey ; goS i' the
lane.
BOWL, v.1 Var. dial, uses in Eng. Written bool
Nhb.1 Cum.1 e.Yks.1 n.Lin.1 ; boul- Oxf.1
1. To throw a ball in the game of ' bowling ' ; to play at
skittles.
Nhb. Many an hour from sleep he'd steal, To bowl upon the
hill alone, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) 7, ed. 1872; Nhb.1 Then
ower the moor, an' roond the coarse, ye'll fynd them boolin there,
CORVAN Wor Tyneside Champions. e.Yks.1 w.Som.1 Aalbaewul
dhee vur zik'spuns [I will bowl thee for sixpence]. This is the
ordinary challenge to play at skittles for sixpence a side.
Hence (i) Bowling, vbl. sb. a game, which consists in
throwing a stone ball, the winner being he who gets the
' bowl ' over the course in the fewest number of throws ;
(a) -match, sb. the game of bowling played on the high-
ways.
(i) Nhb. Ther' was dancin', an' footba's an' boolin' peyst eggs,
ROBSON Evangeline (1870) 370. Nhb., Dur. The famous feats done
in their youth. At bowling, ball, and clubby shaw, WILSON
Pitman's Pay (1843) 4. w.Yks. (J.T.) (2) N.Cy.1
BOWL
[366]
BOWZE
2. To roll along, to trundle a hoop, to wheel a barrow, &c.
Lan. N. & Q. (1871) 4th S. viii. 271. e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Woa
sud ah see but that joaker baalin a great poarkpie, TOM TREDDLE-
HOYLE Trip ta Lunnan (1851) 12. Lan.1 They order't wheel-barrow
an' they beawlt'nt him away to th' urchon in a crack, COLLIER
Wks. (1750) Introd. 38. s.Chs.1 Shr.1 An invalid girl was better,
as she had been bowled out in her chair.
Hence (i) Bowler, sb. a child's hoop ; (2) Bowling, vbl.
sb. trundling or driving a hoop.
(i) s.Chs.1, Stf.12, n-Lin.1, Oxf.1 (2) w.Yks. Come on a-bahlin'
(JE.B.). Lin. Are you going a bowling ? (R.E.C.)
3. To walk with a confident air.
Cum. Hebooltin as bowld as brass, an ah follot, SARGISSON Joe
Scoap (1881) 165 ; Cum.1 Bool in, lads. s.Chs.1 Ey buwlz iip
tu)th skwae-r, fin sez ey [Hey bowls up to th' square (squire), and
says hey].
4. To hurry up, to walk or ride very quickly. In gen.
colloq. use.
Nhb. So off aw bools intiv the toon, BAGNALL Sngs. (c. 1850) 30 ;
Nhb.1 From a long row of gingerbread and orange stalls could be
heard some dame crying out lustily, ' Bool up and buy away,'
FORSTER Hist. Corbridge (1881) 67. Cum. It's varra aggrivatin'
... to see t'train boolin' off widoot you, GWORDIE GREENUP
Anudder Batch (1873) 6. w.Yks. T'trippers cum bahlin' aht o'
t'carridge doars directly it stops, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1874) 19;
w.Yks.5 Bowl awaay [lose no time]. Went by muh barling
awaay like a good un. Lan. Owd Boxer wain beawlin past,
BRIERLEY Layrock (1864) vii. n-Lin.1 He's boolin' along at a bonny
raate. Slang. An outside car which was bowling away from
Rathkelly, SMART Master ofRathkelly (1888) I. x.
5. In phr. (i) to bowl off, to die ; (a) — out, to overcome,
to arrest ; (3) — over, to worst, defeat.
(i) Slang. Bowled on, on my account, bowled off, on his own — •
died, Sir, DICKENS Pickwick (1837) vii. (2) Lon. At last he was
' bowl'd out ' in the very act of 'nailing a yack' [stealing a watch],
MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) II. 51, ed. 1861. Slang. When
a thief is ultimately taken, tried, and convicted, he is said to be
bowled out at last, VAUX Flash Diet. (1812) (FARMER). (3) ib.
You have bowled me over, and I know I can't get up again, Cornh.
Mag. (1862) (FARMER).
BOWL, v? Sc. To crook. Dmf. QAM.)
Hence (i) Bowled-like, adj. having the appearance of
being bowed or crooked; (a) Bool-fit, sb. a crooked,
deformed foot.
(i) Slk. Get away wi' ye ! ye bowled-like shurf, HOGG Brownie of
Bodsbeck (1818) II. 226 (JAM.). (2) Fif. Ane o' them wi' a bool-fit,
LATTO T. Bodkin (1864) xi.
[Harpyis . . . With handis like to bowland birdis clewis,
DOUGLAS Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, 11. 132. Cogn. w.
bool (sb.).]
BOWLA, sb. Lon. A round tart made of sugar, apple,
and bread.
Lon. Among the regular articles of this street sale are ...
'bowlas,' MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) I. 198.
BOWLE, sb. se.Wor.1 The bar or beam of a harrow.
See Bull.
BOWLE, see Boll.
BOWL-EGGED SUNDAY, phr. Cum. Wm. Lan.
Easter Sunday, when eggs boiled hard in dye-water are
bowled in the fields for amusement.
Cum., Wm. Boys beg, on Easter Eve, eggs to play with.
These eggs are hardened by boiling and tinged with the juice of
herbs, broom-flowers, &c. The eggs being thus prepared, the
boys go out and play with them in the fields, rolling them up and
down, like bowls upon the ground, HYDE De Ludis Orientalibus
(1694) 237, trans, in Brand's Pop. Antiq. (1813) I. 146. Lan.
The custom of rolling eggs on Easter Monday is still quite common
in Preston (S.W.). e.Lan.1
BOWLER, see Boulder.
BOWLEY, sb. Nhb.1 A small bowl.
BOWLOCHS, sb. pi. Sc.
1. The ragweed, Senecio jacobaea. Cf. bowens.
Ayr. Used by old people, but the more common term is ' beau-
weed '(J.F.). Wgt. (JAM.)
2. The mugwort, Artemisia vulgaris.
Wgt. Garden Work (1896) 112.
BOWLY, adj. and sb. Sc. Nhb. Also written boolie
Sc. QAM.) ; bowley Nhb.1 [boirli, bull.]
adi
1. adj. Crooked, bent. Also in comp. Bowly-backed,
round-shouldered. See Bowl, v?
Sc. (JAM.) Per. He's a bowlie-legget boddie. Parritch cures
bowlie shanks (G.W.). Ayr. It was of the goose species, only
with short bowly legs, GALT Ann. Parish (1821) xiii ; A wee nakit
scuddy rins oot wi' its bowly legsfrae a close, SERVICE Notandums
(1890) 74 ; Very common (J.F.). Bwk. Auld boulie-backed Tarn,
HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 119. Gall. Obs. (S.R.C.)
2. sb. A term of derision applied to a bow-legged
person.
Per. He's a wee bowlie (G.W.). Dmf. (JAM.)
3. A peculiar mode of locomotion used by cripples.
Nhb.1
BOWMAN, sb. w.Yks.3 [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] The dried moisture of the nostrils.
BOWN, pp. and sb. e.An. [boun.]
1. pp. Swelled, swollen. See Bowden, pp.
Nrf. COLES (1677). Suf.1
2. sb. A swelling, bump, tumour.
e.An.1, Nrf. (A.G.F.) [KENNETT Par. Antiq. (1695).]
[1. Like to the adder . . . Whom cold winter all bolne
hid vnder ground, SURREY Aeneid (c. 1547) n. 616 ; His
knees berof were bollen so, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 12685.]
BOWND, pp. Wm. e.An. Written bawnd_e.An.J
Nrf.1 Also in form boonded Wm. [Wm. bvrndid.]
Swollen, inflamed.
Wm.T'back ov his hand waso' boonded up (B.K.). e.An.1 Obs.
Nrf. His head is bound, RAY (1691); SIR T. BROWNE Misc.
Tracts (1684) VIII ; (K.) Nrf.1 Obs.
[Bolned with bloode, York Plays (c. 1400) 370 ; pat his
kneis war bolned sua, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 12685 (Gott.
MS.) ; Bolned, pp. of bolne, to swell. Cp. Norw. dial, bolna
(AASEN) ; ON. bolgna (FRITZNER).]
BOWOWARTS, sb.pl. Nhb.1 Brambles.
"Cp. black-bowours, blackberries, B. & H. See Black,
fj. II. 2 (3).]
BOWSE, see Booze, Bowze.
BOWSEN, see Boosing.
BOWSIE, sb. Sc. Also in form bowse (JAM. SuppL).
A huge, misshapen, hairy monster used to frighten
children.
Sc. The boo-cow and the bowsie are the two great horrors of
infancy and early childhood (JAM. Suppl.).
BOWSON, see Bauson.
BOWSSEN, v. Obs. Cor. To immerse or duck an
insane person in a holy well.
Cor. If there appeared small amendment he [the madman] was
bowssened againe and againe, CAREwSxnwy Cornwall (1602) 123.
Hence Bowssening, ppl. adj.
Holy wells . . . used as bowssening or ducking pools for the
cure of madness, L'ESTRANGE Yachting w.Eng. (1865) 300; In
our forefathers dales . . . there were many bowssening places for
curing of mad men, and amongst the rest, one at Alternunne
called S. Nunnes poole, CAREW Survey Cornwall (1602) 123.
BOWSTER, see Bolster.
BOWTEN, v. e.Yks.1 [bou'tan.] pp. of to buy. Cf.
boughten, pp.
BOWTHERLY.arf/. Obs. Nhb. Bothersome, trouble-
some.
Nhb.1 He was a bowtherly fallowe, TOMLINSON Guide to North-
umberland (1888) 281.
BOW-WOW, v. and sb. Sc.
1. v. To frighten by barking, to scare ; to be bullied,
cheated.
Ayr. I'll no be bow-wow't out of my shillings ony hoo, GALT
Sir A. Wylie (1822) xii; Commonly used (J.F.).
2. sb. A threat.
Ayr. It's a sore thing for a man to be frightened into his first
marriage by the bow-wow o' a Kirk Session, GALT Lairds (1826)
xviii; (J.F.)
BOWYNE, see Boyne.
BOWY-YANKS, sb. pi. n.Lin.1 Leather leggings.
BOWZE, v. and sb. Sc. Cum. Also written bouze
Cum. ; bowse Sc. [buz.]
1. v . To rush, like the wind ; to gush forth like blood.
Ayr. The siller stour That bowses frae the linn, Ballads and Sngs.
(1847) II. 12. Cum. Veyle mosstroopers . . . Bouz'd into Cumber-
BOWZELLY
[367]
BOXTY
land i' swarms, GII.PIN Sngs. (1866) Auld Lang Seyne ; Back to
the barn to sweg They bows'd that day, STAGG Misc. Poems (1805)
The Bridewain ; Cum.1
2. sb. The recoil of a gust of wind against a wall, &c.
Cum. The wind did come with a great bowze, CAINE Shad. Crime
(1885) 112 ; Cum.1 T'wind com wid a gert bowze an whemmalt ma.
BOWZELLY, adj. Sc. Sus.
1. Unkempt, tumbled, tangled, rough. Sus. (F.E.) ;
(F.A.A.)
2. Bushy.
Slk. The bowzelly hair upon his head, HOGG Queer Bk. (1832)
Grousottic Carle.
BOX, sb.1 and v.1 Var. dial, usages in Sc. Irel. Eng.
1. sb. A benefit or friendly society possessing a common
' box ' ; esp. in phr. on the box, drawing funds from the
club or friendly society.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 The excellent arrangements observed in their
[the keelmen's] boxes, or benefit societies, An Impartial Hist.
Newcastle (1801). Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
War.3, s.Wor.1, Hrf.2
2. Comp. (i) Box-club, a primitive form of provident
society, the members of which were assisted from funds
raised by sending round the collecting-box among the
members ; (2) -dinner, the annual dinner held on the dis-
tribution of the funds accumulated in the ' box.'
(i) Chs. Promoting among the labouring classes a spirit of in-
dependence, and encouraging provident societies — boxclubs — for
that purpose, MARSHALL Review (1818) II. 116. (a) Nhb. Once at
wor box dinner, GILCHRIST Sngs. (1824) 5 ; (W.G.)
3. The iron part of a wheel in which the axle works.
w.Som.1, Cor.3
4. The lower handle of a sawyer's long pit-saw. See
Hand-box. n.Yks. (I.W.), Wil.1
5. Weaving term : a frame that can be raised at pleasure
at one end of the lathe that holds the different shuttles.
Chs.1
6. A coffin. Lin., s.Dev. (G.E.D.)
7. A pulpit.
s.Chs. Ee)z u rae-r gild mon Tth boks [He's a rare good mon
i' th' box] (T.D.).
8. The uterus of a cow or mare.
Wm. (B.K.) n.Yks. MERITON Praise Ale (1684) Gl, s.v. Cleen.
9. Comp. (i) Box-barrow, a wheelbarrow with wooden
sides ; a handbarrow ; (2) -bed, a bed having the sides
and top of wood with sliding panels for doors ; a folding
bed ; (3) -drain, a drain in which the stones are carefully
set, so that there may be a regular opening for the water ;
(4) -feeding, the method of feeding sheep in sheds ; (5)
•hat, a tall hat ; (6) -heater, triangular ; shaped like the
heating-iron of a box-iron ; (7) -ladder, a kind of rough
staircase used where space is limited, shaped like a ladder
having flat steps, flat sides, and the back filled in with
wood ; (8) -meat, artificial food for cattle, so called because
it is put up in boxes ; (9) -organs, the head of a calf or
bullock ; (10) -rod, a bore-rod, or bottom rod into which
the chisels, &c., are screwed ; (n) -wrack, a kind of sea-
weed.
(i) N.I.1 Box-borra. Hrf. BOUND Prov. (1876). (2) Sc. A
sliding panel . . . opening behind a wooden or box-bed, SCOTT
Pirate (1822) xxxviii ; There were the queer, high box-beds, the
wag-at-the-wa", the plate-rack and the dresser with their shining
array, SWAN Gates of Eden (1895) xxi. Lnk. A wooden box-bed,
a clothes press, . . . were all it contained in the shape of furniture,
HAMILTON Poems (1865) 243. Lth. Her cozy box-bed, and her
well polish'd awmrie, Wi' massy brass handles a' shining sae braw,
BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 47. Nhb. Across the middle of the floor
. . . stood the old-fashioned ' box beds' with sliding doors, DIXON
Whitt. Vale (1895) 72 ; Nhb.1 Formerly a common arrangement in
country houses where room was scanty. (3) Frf. From the great
abundance of flag-stones in this county, box-drains are often
paved below to prevent moles from choaking them with earth,
Agric. Surv. (JAM.) (4) Frf. The mode of feeding sheep in sheds
. . . which has obtained the appellation of box-feeding, STEPHENS
Farm Bk. (1849) I. 223. (5) w.Som.1 Aay zeed Jee'unz yuung
mae'un tu chuurch — un ee-d u-gaut au'n u bauks aa-t tue- [I saw
Jane's young man at church, and he had on a box-hat too !] ' A box-
hat and a walking-stick ' are the climax of a get-up. nw.Dev.1
(6 Cor.3 Tes an awkward field for shape — 'tes boxhetter. (7)
Ayr. A trance, or entrance lobby, from which a steep box-ladder
ledtoa bedroom and store above, JOHNSTON Kilmallie (1891) 11.83.
(8) s.Chs.1 (9) Lin.1 (10) Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl.
(1888). (i ON.!.1
10. In phr. box and dice, the sum total ; everything.
Ayr. I made owre the whole box and dice [of the fortune] to
his sister, JOHNSTON Glenbuckie (1889) 83.
11. v. To put into a box, gen. a horse-box on a railway.
n.Lin.1 We shall box the mare at Gunness on Monday next.
12. To wainscot, to panel, to wall in carefully with wood.
Sc. A' the rooms i' the house are box'd (JAM.).
Hence (i) Boxed, ppl. adj. sheltered, walled in ; (2)
Boxen, sb. a casing of wood such as is round the sides
of a farm-cart ; (3) Boxing, sb. wainscotting.
(i) Abd. Ye gentle fouk 'at win in touns, At canty fires, in well-
box'd bouns, BEATTIES Parings (1813) 24, ed. 1873. (2) N.I.1 (3)
Sc. (JAM.)
BOX, sb.2 and v? Lan. Hrf.
1. sb. A blow. n.Lan.1, Hrf.'
2. v. To strike, as a gun which recoils. Hrf.1
[1. To giue one a boxe or blowe with the fist, pugnum
itnpingere, BARET (1580) ; He . . . had in armes many a
blody box, CHAUCER Leg. G. W. 1388.]
BOX, v? Sc. Yks. Chs. Also written bux Sh.I. To
go, to hurry ; sometimes with prep, about.
Sh.I. [She] comes buxin in, BURGESS Rasmie (1891) 53.
w.Yks. Eh, Betsy she war a strong woman ; she did box about to
be sure. s.Chs.1 Wi mun boks of [we mun box off].
BOXEN, adj. w.Som. Made of box.
w.Som.1 Dhurwuz u bauk-sn aj au'l raewn dhu gyuurdn [there
was a hedge of box all round the garden].
[The young gentlemen learned, before all other things,
to design upon tablets of boxen wood, DRYDEN Dufresnoy
(JOHNSON).]
BOXER, sb.1 Wm. Glo. Slang. A tall hat.
Wm. Wearing a big wideawake, or a bit of an old boxer, RAWNS-
LEY Remin. Wordsworth (1884) VI. 163. Glo. Twur genelmen
wi' boxers on, Leg. Peas. (1877) 51. Slang. (A.L.M.)
BOXER, sb.2 Nhb. Slang, [bo'ksa(r).] A peg-top
made of box- wood.
Nhb. (R.O.H.) Slang. N. & Q. (1853) ist S. viii. 63.
BOXES, sb. pi. w.Yks. The globe flower, Trollius
europaeus.
w.Yks. LEES Flora (1888) 123.
BOX HARRY, vbl. phr. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Lin. Nhp.
War. Wor. Shr. Hnt. e.An. Cor. Slang. To go without
food ; to make a poor or coarse meal ; to rough it, to
take things as they are ; to hurry.
w.Yks. (C.V.C.) Lan. I had no money, I could get nothing to eat,
so I had to ' box-harry ' till I reached Liverpool (S.W.). e.Lan.1
s.Chs.1 Wiln noo bred i)dh aays : wi}sn aa)tu boks-aar-i an ch<5o
raag'z [We'n noo bread i' th' halse ; we san ha' to box-harry an chew
rags]. nw.Der.1, n.Lin.1, Nhp.1 War.3 You must Box Harry for
your dinner to-day. ne.Wor. You'll miss the train if you don't box
Harry and be off (J.W.P.). Shr.1, Hnt. (T.P.F.), e.An.1, Nrf.
(E. M.), Cor.2 Slang. A term used by commercial travellers, im-
plying dinner and tea at one meal, N. & Q. (1883) 8th S. iii. 237 ;
FARMER.
Hence Boxharry-week, the blank week between pay-
weeks when the workmen lived on credit or starved.
e.Lan.1
[The phr. 'to box Harry' prob. means 'to box or fight
the devil ' (BARRERE). Cp. the Fr. phr. // tire le diable
par la queue, in Diet, de fAcad. (1786), s.v. queue ; once
in common use in ref. to one who was hard up.]
BOXIN', see Buxom.
BOXINGS, sb. pi. Sc. Nhb. The coarse offal from
flour after the bran is taken off; gen. used for feeding
pigs.
Frf. The boxings, 2.36 per cent., STEPHENS Farm Bk. (ed. 1849)
1. 438. Nhb.1
BOXING-TIME, sb. n.Lin.1 The time between Christ-
mas Day and the end of the first week in January.
BOXTY, sb. Irel. A kind of bread made of grated raw
potatoes and flour. Known also as Boxty-bread.
N.I.1 Boxty differs from ' potato bread," or ' potato cake,' of
which cold boiled potatoes form the principal part. Uls. Boxty in
BOY
[368]
BRABAGIOUS
preparation, H UME People Dwn. Ant. (1874) 24. s.Don. The grated
potatoes are squeezed dry through a cloth, the remainder is baked
into a cake, about as heavy and indigestible as a boiled slipper,
SIMMONS Gl. (1890).
BOY, sb. Sc. Irel. Chs. Rut. Shr. Brks. Ken. Sus. Hmp.
Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Colon. Also written buoy
n.Dev. ; bwoy Shr.1 Brks. Dev.
1. A male human being of any age and condition, esp. if
unmarried.
Gall. All the sons of the house are ' boys ' so long as they remain
under the roof-tree, even though they may carry grey heads on
their shoulders, CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (1895) ii. Ir. Judge Moore
decided in my hearing, that in Ireland the word ' boy ' has no
reference to age, Paddiana (1848) I. 263. Lns. Boys that I re-
member quiet and industrious . . . are in constant practice [fighting]
now, HALL Stories Peas. 66. Tip. There's a boy over from the
Pope, and Archbishop Croke went on his knees to him [said by
a Tipperary man of Monsignor Persico, the Commissary Apostolic
1888] (G.M.H.). Cor.1 There are no men in Cornwall ; they are all
Cornish boys. [Aus. All aboriginal male servants of Australians
are called ' boys,' regardless of the age to which they have attained,
VOGAN Bit. Police (1890) vii.]
2. A carter on a farm ; one whose duty it is to drive a
team in ploughing, haymaking, &c.
Brks., Hmp., Wil. (W.H.E.)
3. A joker, a smart person ; occas. applied in derision
to a high-spirited or forward woman. Ant. (W.H.P.)
4. In pi. The long-pistilled or pin-eyed flowers of the
primrose, Primula vulgaris. Wil.
5. Comb, (i) Boy-beat, beaten by a person younger than
oneself; (2) -chap, a boy; (3) -'s-bacca, Clematis vitalba,
Traveller's Joy ; also called Tom-bacca ; (4) -'s-bailiff,
see below ; (5) -'s-love, Artemisia abrotanum, southern-
wood ; (6) -'s-oak, the green leaves of the oak, worn by
boys on the 29th of May.
(i) Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1 My father, he carried the sway at stack
building for fifteen year ; at last they begun to talk o" puttin' me
up. ' Now I've done,' the ole chap says — ' I wunt be boy-beat.'
(2) Dor. I can mind him ever since I was growing up a hard boy-
chap, HARDY Greenwd. Tree ^ 1872) iii ; ^O.P.CV ; (C.W.) (3; Ens.1
So called because the boys cut the small wood in pieces to smokelike
cigars (s.v. Tom-baccaX Hmp. (G. E. D. ) (4) Shr. BURNE Flk-Lore
(1883-86) 346 ; Shr.2 The last time [this custom] took place was
about sixty years ago ; it was held in the Easter Week, Holy
Thursday, or in Whitsun Week. It consisted of a man who wore
a hair-cloth gown and was called the bailiff, a recorder, justices,
town clerk, sheriff, treasurer, crier, and other municipal officers.
They were a large retinue of men and boys mounted on horseback,
begirt with wooden swords, which they carried on their right
sides, so that they must draw the swords out of the scabbards with
their left hands. They used to call at all the gentlemen's houses
in the franchise, where they were regaled with meat, drink, and
money ; and before the conclusion they assembled at the pillory at
the Guildhall ; where the town clerk read some kind of rigmarole
which they called their charter. ' We go from Beckbury and Badger
to Stoke on the Clee, To Monkhopton, Round Acton, and so return
we,' &c., Report Rec. Comm. (1837) 507 (s.v. Wenlock). (5) Chs.1 ;
Chs.3 Perhaps because used as a love offering. It is a staple in all
village posies. Rut.1 Also called Lad's-love. Hmp.1 Called also Old
Man in n.Hmp. Wil. I got a heap of Boy's Love off our big bush.
EwiNG/a«o/fF««rf»H7/(i876)xv; BRITTON Beauties (1825) ; Wil.1
n.Wil. A more old-fashioned name is ' Thousand 'ood ' (E.H.G.).
Dor. Variegated box, and yew, and boy 's-love, HARDY Madding
Crowd (1874) xli; BARNES Gl. (1863). Som. Bushy southern
wood fill[s] the air with sweetness. Hannah calls this ' Boy's
love,' LEITH Lemon Verbena (1895) 18 ; JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng.
(1825). w.Som.1 A very great favourite with the village belles. In
the summer, nearly all carry a spray of bwuuy -z luuv, half wrapped
in the white handkerchief, in their hand to church. Dev. The smell
of boys' love and peppermint scarce made the air cooler, PEARD
'Delight. (6)
the 2gth of May children distinguish the reddish-coloured leaves as
Girl's Oak, and the green leaves as Boy's Oak. Girls wear the
former and boys the latter, B. & H. (s.v. Oak).
6. Phr. (i) Camborne boys, hail ; also called St. Ives boys •
(2) the old boy, the devil ; see Old.
(i) Cor.3 Popularly explained in case of Camborne by supposing
it to have some reference to the riots which have occurred in that
town. Man looks out at the falling hail : ' Aw, Camborne boys
is come.'
BOYERN, see Boyrn.
BOYKIN, sb. Lin. Wor. A little boy.
Lin. One boykin's donkey pitched him ower, BROWN Poems
(1890) 48 ; I knew one person, fifty or sixty years ago, who
used the word boykin (E.P.). aLin.1 w.Wor. Now, boykin!
S. BEAUCHAMP AT. Hamilton (1875) II. 141.
[But now I'm fixt to go along With thee, my boykin,
right or wrong, COTTON Scarroniaes (c. 1685), ed. 1692, 80
(j5AV.).]
BOYL, see Bole.
BOYLES, sb. pi. Lin. [boilz.] Lice.
Lin. WRIGHT ; (HALL.) ; Lin.1
[Rep. Fr. pouilles, lice (CoTGR.).]
BOYNE, sb. Sc. Also written bine ; boin(e, towen,
bowyne, boy(e)n (JAM.).
1. A broad flat vessel for holding milk.
Sc. I saw your gudeman throwing the whole milk out of the
boines, Petticoat Tales ( 1823) 1. 334 (JAM.). Per. Scaud the bowens,
ca' the kirn, Donald and Flora, 37 (to.). Ayr. Fallen into a boyne of
milk, GALT Ann. Parish (1821) iv. Lnk. A large earthen platter
or milk boyne, HAMILTON Poems (1865) 182.
2. A tub, esp. a washing-tub.
Sc. We'll wash them in the bine in the backyard, WHITEHEAD
Daft Davie (1876) 41, ed. 1894. Per. The word is hardly known
in Abd. but very common here (G.W.). Rnf. Stap ye in a washin'
boyne, And on ye ca' the pump, BARR Poems (1861) 354. Ayr. If
ye turn washerwoman, . . . I'll carry your boynes and water 3Tour
clothes, GALT Entail (,1823) xxxi. Gall. (A.W.)
3. Comp. Bpynfu, a ' boyne '-ful.
Sc. Yill in big flagons, and boynfu's O' whiskey, Blackw. Mag.
^Sept. 1819) 713 (JAM.). Ayr. Bessie jawed a cutty-boyneful of
sapples [soap-suds] on her neebor, SERVICE Dr. Duguid (,1887) 68.
[Norw. dial, buine, a water-vessel, also buna, byne
(AASEN, 90).]
BOYRN, see Borne.
EOYSTICK, see Buckstick.
BOYSTINS, see Beestings.
BOYTACH.sA. Sc. (JAM. Suppl.) A bunch or bundle; a
small dumpy animal. [Not known to our correspondents.]
[Cp. Gael, boiteal, a bundle of hay, also boitean (MACLEOD
& DEWAR). Macbain conn, these words with bottle (a
bundle of hay), q.v.]
EOYURN, see Borne.
BOZ, v. e.Yks. To blunt or turn the edge of a tool ;
to dash two things together so as to make them soft.
e.Yks. Bob an Jack bozzed ther apples tigither ti mak em soft
an pappy. A knife with its edge turned by hard usage is said to
be ' bozzed up.' Sometimes in driving a sheep-net stake into the
ground a large stone or other obstacle will turn up or split the
sharpened end, while the heavy blows will cause the top to spread
out. It is then ' bozzed up at beeath ends ' (J.N.) ; e.Yks.1
BOZEN, adj. S. & Ork.1 Of a chimney : enclosed,
built in the wall.
BOZZLER, sb. Sus. [bo-zla(r).] A parish constable,
a sheriffs officer. See Borsholder.
Sus. He an his children dey vos every thin, passon, an reeve,
an bozzler, JACKSON Southward Ho U894) I. 339 ; Sus.1
BOZZOM, sb. I.W. Also written bozzum. Name
given to the plants (i) Chrysanthemum segetum; (z) C.
leucanthemum (C.J.V.). Cf. buddle.
BOZZOM, adj. w.Cy. Dev. Also written buzzom, buz-
zum. Deep red ; chiefly used in comb. Bozzom-chucked,
having red cheeks. Cf. bazzom.
w.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; (W.W.S.) ; HOLLOWAY.
Dev. PENGELLY Verbal Pron. (1875) 40. n.Dev. Ya ha made ma
chucks buzzom, Exm. Crtshp. (1746) 1. 607.
BOZZY, see Bawsy.
BRAA, see Brae, Braw.
BRAAD, see Braid, Broad.
BRAAM, see Bram.
BRABAGIOUS,^. Sus. [brebe'dgss.] Cantankerous.
Sus. A brabagious radical wench, JACKSON Southward Ho ,1894)
• 339; Sus.1 In a quarrelsome discussion : You nasty brabagious
creature.
BRABBLACH
[369]
BRACKEN
BRABBLACH, sb. Fif. (JAM.) [Not known to our
correspondents.] The refuse of corn, meat, &c.
BRABBLE, v. and sb.1 Nhb. Yks. Lan. Der. Lin. Hrf.
[bra'bl.]
1. v. To wrangle, quarrel, chatter noisily.
Lan. DAVIES Races (1856) 266 ; Lan.1, Hrf.2
Hence (i) Brabbling, ppl. adj. quarrelsome; (2)
Brabblement, sb. quarrelling ; the noise of people
quarrelling ; (3) Brabblesome, adj. quarrelsome.
(i) [Brabbling curs never want sore ears, RAY Prov. (1678) q 1
(2) N.Cy.i, Nhb.1, n.Yks.3 w.Yks.1 Hees ollas agait o' some
brabblement, ii. 305. Lan.1 Ther wur sich o clatter an' brabble-
ment, SCHOLES Tim Gamwattle (1857) 56- e-Lan.1, Der.1 n.Lin.1
There was a deal o' brabblement aboot th' Messingbam causevs
(3) w.Yks.3
2. sb. Quarrelling, wrangling.
n.Yks.3, Der.1, n.Lin.1, Hrf.2
[1. To brabble, jurgo, altercor, lites serere, COLES (1679);
To brable, multiloqtti, LEVINS Manip. (1570). (i) I would
have you also to end wth yor old Glasier, that there may
be noe more brabbling with him, DOROTHY WADHAM
Letter (1614), in Jackson's Wadham College (1893) 161.
2. A brabble, rixa, Us, COLES (1679) ; Keep you out of
prawls and prabbles and quarrels, SHAKS. Hen. V, iv. viii.
69. Du. brabbelen, to brawle or to brabble (HEXHAM) •
MDu. brabbelen (VERDAM).]
BRABBLE, sb.' e.An. [bra'bl, bravbl.] A ruffle on
the surface of the sea ; a short swell
e-An.1 Nrf. (A.G.) ; Nrf.1
Hence Brabbly, adj. Of the sea : somewhat rough. Nrf.1
BRACCO, see Work-bracco.
BRACE, sb.1 Cor.12 Aus. [bres.] The mouth of a
shaft or ' claim.'
[N.S.W. He used to turn out with everything clean on every
morning, fit to go to a ball, as he walked on to the brace, BOLDRE-
WOOD Robbery (1888) II. viii.]
[Prob. the same as ME. brace, used of an ' arm ' of the
sea. The brace of seynt George, MAUNDEVILLE (c. 1400)
21 (MATZNER). OFr. bras, arm.]
BRACE, sb* Sc. Irel. Also written bress Ayr. [bres.]
1. A chimney-piece, mantelpiece ; also in comp. Brace-
piece.
Sc.A dreadfu' knell came on the brace, TRAIN Poet. Rev. (1806^,
101 (JAM.). Ayr. It's as black as the back o' the bress, GALT
Entail (1823) Ixv. Dmb. A snug bit room wi' . . . twa peacock's
feathers abune the brace, CROSS Disruption (1844) vi. Slk.
Yonner he's stannin on the brace-piece ! CHR. NORTH Noctes (ed
1856! II. 135.
2. A screen made of stakes interwoven with twigs and
covered with prepared clay, used to conduct the smoke
from the hearth to an aperture in the roof; a chimney of
straw and clay.
Lnk. The auld waiT dwallin had a muckle clay brace, HAMILTON
Poems (1865) 150. Slk. QAM.) N.I.1
[Cp. ME. brace, the span of an arch. A brace of a
bryge or of a vawte, sinus, arcus, Cath. Angl. (1483).
)Fr. brace, the two arms, the width of the two arms.]
BRACE-HEAD, sb. Nhb. Dur. A boring tool ; a piece
of tough ash or oak three feet long, passed through an eye
in a short piece of iron, at the other end of which is a
screw, to connect with the rods.
Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
BRACER, sb. s.Chs.1 Wil. Also written breacers
Wil. [bre-sa(r).] One of a pair of braces.
Wil. SLOW Gl. (1892).
BRACK, sb. Qbsol. Sc. n.Cy. n.Lin.1 Also written
bratch n.Cy. n.Lin.1 A bitch-hound.
Sc. If bow and brach fail not, you shall have a piece of game
two fingers fat on the brisket, SCOTT Bride of Lam ( 1810) iii
n.Cy. GROSE (1790-1. [•: K.)]
[A brach is a mannerly name for all hound-bitches,
Gtntl. Recreat. (1686) 27 (NARES) ; Truth's a dog must to
kennel ; he must be whipped out, when the Lady brach
may stand by the fire, SHAKS. K. Lear, i. iv. 125 ; Braches
bayed, Gawayne (c. 1360) 1142. Cp. Fr. bracket, a kind of
little hound (COTGR.) ; It. bracchetta, a young beagle, dim.
otbrdcco, a hound (FLORID).]
VOL. I.
BRACHAN, see Brochan.
BRACH(E, see Breach.
BRACKEN, see Bracken.
BRACING-DOWN, sb. Obsol. or obs. e.An. The
third time of turnip-hoeing, drawing down the ridges.
e.An.1 Ess. ' Bracing down ' is not used now that beets and
turnips are no longer sown on ridges (H.H.M.).
„ BRACK, sb.1 Sc. Yks. Chs. Lei. Nhp. War. Ess. Ken.
Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. fbrak, brak.]
1. A fracture, breach, crack ; a rent, tear ; a flaw, fault ;
a gap, opening.
s.Chs.1 Moo-ist il mi cheyzkloths bin gy'efin wos fur wae-r •
rSr1" 3^V " t6o'thri vet uz un nee-dhur braak-s nur kraak-s in urn
[Mooist o' my cheisecloths bin gettin' woss for wear ; bur ah've
a toothry yet as han neether bracks nur cracks in 'em]. Lei.1
Theer weean't naither brack nor crack i' the wull set [of china].
Nhp.1 Always used negatively : My gown has not a brack in it'.
War. (J.R.W.) Ess. Monthly Mag. (1814) I. 498; Gl. (1851);
Ess.1 Ken. A book without so much as a ' brack ' in it from
beginning to end (P.M.); Ken.i Wil. SLOW Gl. (1892); Wil.1
There's narra brack nor crack in 'un. Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863).
Som. Without brack or crack, SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (18851.
n.Dev. Moot iv'ry brack about un, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st.
84. [You seek a brack where the hedge is whole, RAY Prov.
(1678) 230 ; A gap in a hedge, WORLIDGE Syst. Agric. (1669).]
2. A fall of earth, a snowslip ; a flood in time of thaw ;
a sudden squall of rain.
Slk. JAM.) n.Yks. These rolling masses [of snow and water-
floods together] ... in the dialect of the country are called ' fell-
side bracks,' . . . described by the old people in Dent as 'Gill-
Bracks,' SEDGWICK Mem. Cowgill Chapel (1868) 39.
[A brack, vitium, COLES (1679) ; Many bracks and
short ends, which cannot be spun into an even piece
DIGBY On the Soul, Ded. (1644) (JOHNSON); Breche, a
brack, or breach in a wall, &c., COTGR.]
BRACK, sb* Som. Dev.3 [brak.] The fat covering
the intestines of edible animals.
w.Som.1 Of a pig when melted the brack becomes lard, of other
animals, tallow.
BRACK, adj. and sb.3 Sc. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lin. Wor.
Also written brock Wor. [brak.]
1. adj. Brackish, impregnated with salt.
e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 28, 1891).
2. sb. Brine.
Sc. Confined to liquid or sorbile foods GAM.\ Cum.1 This
bacon's as sole as brack. Wm.1, e.Yks. (W.W.S.), w.Yks. (J.T.),
Hence Bracky, adj. brackish, salt.
n. Yks. T'watter's bracky (I. W.). n.Un.1 s. Wor. The water
about here is all bad; it's brocky like, and salty (H.K.).
[1. The entrallis eik, far in the fludis brak, ... sail I
slyng and swak, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, 11. 237.
Du. brack, brackish, saltish, or brinish (HEXHAM); MLG.
brack, saltish (SCHILLER-LUBBEN).]
BRACK, v. Nhp.1 To repair or mend doors or rails
by nailing a piece of wood on the broken part.
BRACK, see Break.
BRACKEN, sb. Sc. Irel. All n. counties of Eng. to
Chs. Also Der. Not. Lin. Nhp. Also written brackin
Cum.3 Der.1 ; brackon w.Yks.4 ; braken Sc. n.Cy. n.Yks.2
Nhp.1; breckan Nhb.1; brecken Nhb.1 n.Yks.1 ; breckin
Dur.1; breckon n.Yks.2; breken m.Yks.1 See also
below.
1. Name given to ferns in gen., esp. to the larger kinds.
Freq. used in pi.
Sc. And hide me by the braken bush That grows on yonder
lilye lee, SCOTT Minstrelsy (1802) I. 360, ed. 1848. Frf. Your lair
is made o' the brakens green, LAING Firs. (1846) 141. Per. I wish
the wanderin' e'enin' wind Were whistlin' round the breckans
lone, NICOLL Poems (1837) 150, ed. 1843. Rnf. And that bit
primrose 'side the breckan, TANNAHILL Poems (1807) 53 (ed.
1817). Ayr. Among the brachens, on the brae, BURNS Halloween
(1785) st. 26. Kcb., Wgt. My Lord loves mair the beds of brekan,
CUNNINGHAM So«£-s(i8i3)44. N.I.1 n.Cy. GROSE (1790); N.Cy.12,
Nhb.1, Dur.1 Cum.3 Three and sixpence for a lile brackin ! I'd
ha browte her a leead o' them for't. Wm. Supplied with a
few handfuls of bracken, Lonsdale Mag. (1822) VIII. 249. Yks.
(K.) n.Yks. All manner o' bits o' breckon, LINSKILL Bet. Heather
3B
BRACKET
BRAE
atidN. Sea (1884) Ivi ; n-Yks.1 Used for litter; n.Yks.2, m.Yks.1,
w.Yks.13*5, nXan.1, Chs.1 Der.1 They burn it on St. James' day,
for the ashes, which are made into balls and kept to make a lye
with for washing, instead of soap ; Der.2, nw.Der.1, Not. (J. H.B.)
Lin. SKINNER (1671). n-Lin.1 Nhp.1 Your sweet spreading oaks
and your braken so green, CLARE MS. Poems.
Hence (i) Bracken, v. to gather in bracken for use as
bedding for cattle ; (2) Breckany, adj. abounding in
bracken.
(i) Wra.1 Hest ta been brackening o' t'daa ? (2) Nhb. Thy wild
woods and breckany braes, RICHARDSON Borderer's Table-bk.
(1846) VIII. 184; Nhb.1
2. Comp. (i) Bracken-clock, the small gay-coloured
chafer, Phyllopertha horiicola ; (2) -lea, a meadow over-
grown by ferns.
(i) Sc. Science Gossip (1874) 363. Nhb.1 Cnm. Used as bait for
trout in June (E. W.P.). Wm.1, n.Yks.1 2, w.Yks.1, Lan.1, nXan.1,
e.Lan.1 (a) w.Yks. When it wor famed for brackin-leas, SENIOR
Smithy Rhymes (1882) 34.
[n.ME. braken.]
BRACKET, see Braggot, Brocket.
BRACKET-RULES, sb. pi. Lei.1 A ' cat ' or trivet to
place before the fire for keeping toast, &c., hot.
BRACKLE, adj. and v. Yks. Lan. Stf. Lin. Nhp.
e.An. | bra'kl, brae'kl.]
1. adj. Brittle, crumbling. Also of the weather : broken,
unsettled. Cf. brockle.
Yks. Brackle weather, Yks. N. & Q. (1888) II. 15. w.Yks.
(R.H.R.) Nrf.1
Hence Brackly, adj. brittle, broken, full of cracks and
flaws. Of the weather : unsettled.
e.Lan.1, Stf.1, n.Lin.1 Nhp.1 Applied to wood or stone. e-An.1
Particularly applied to standing corn, some ears of which are so
quickly ripened as to snap off short. Suf. (F.H.); (C.T.); Suf.1
2. v. To break, to crumble.
Nhp. Phil. Soc. Trans. (1858) 149 ; Nhp.1 When land works well
and freely, a farmer would say, ' It brackles well,' ' It brackles
down nicely.' Stone that breaks up with the tool in working is
said to brackle; Nhp.2 Used of loamy soils. Suf.1 Ripe corn,
especially wheat, is said to brackle when, from having quickly
ripened, or from other causes, the stems are brittle, and snap
short off, under the sickle, or the gleaner's hand.
BRACKS, see Braxy.
BRACKSUS, sb. Som. Dev. Also written brexass,
brecksus, brekses, brekzis, and in form brektus.
[bras'ksss, bre'ksas.] Breakfast.
Som. One mornin, as ee was zittin ta brektus, PULMAN Sketches
(1842) 66, ed. 1871. w.Som.1 Shaa'rp soa-us-n kaech yur brak--
sus-n km au-n [(look) sharp, mates, and catch your breakfast (i.e.
eat it quickly) and come on]. Dev. I wis ax'd out lass Vriday
ta brekses at aight, NATHAN HOGG Poet. Lett. (1847) 7 ; How long
avore brekzis will be ready, missis? HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892).
nw.Dev.1
BRAD, sb. Nhb.1 w.Yks.2 Chs.2 Der.2 Not. Lin. Lei.1
Nhp.1 War.3 Hrf.12 Ken. Dev. [brad, brad.] Name
given to various kinds of nails, esp. a small, headless one.
Not. (W.H.S.) Lin. THOMPSON Hist. Boston (1856 700. e.Lin.
(G.G.W.) Ken. Nails wth broad heads (K.). Dev. Large nails
formerly used by wheelwrights for securing the strakes of a cart-
wheel to the felloes, Reports Provinc. (1895).
BRAD, see Bread, Bred.
BRADCOCK, sb. e.An. A young turbot.
e.An.1 Nrf. Phil. Soc. Trans. (1855-1 30 ; Nrf.1
BRADDINGS, sb. pi. Chs. Also written breadings
Chs.3 The swathes or lines of grass or corn lying after
being mown.
Chs. (K.); Chs.13
[A der. of OE. brad, broad.]
BRADDLE, see Broddle, Raddle.
BRADDLED, #. Lei. [bra'dld.] Comfortably warmed
through.
Lei.1 ' Ah ! my dear, you're nicely braddled !' said to a child
whose feet had been held near the fire.
[Braddle ( vb.), a freq. of M E. brede, OE. bradan, to roast ;
cp. OHG. bratan.]
BRADE, v. Lin. [bred.] To rub off, to abrade.
n-Lin.1 It braades the skin.
[Aphetic form of lit. E. abrade (vb.).]
BRADE, see Braid, Bread, Broad.
BRADELY, adv. n.Lin.1 [bre'dli.] Bravely.
BRADLE.u Shr. [bre'dl.] To beat. Cf. braddled, pp.
Shr. There his idler neighbours proceeded to bradle him, BURNK
Flk-Lore ( 1883) xxiii.
BRADLING, ppl. adj. Shr.1 [brardlin.] Of hens:
brooding.
[Fr. the vb. braddle (to extend), a freq. of ME. brede, to
broaden, extend, cover; QE..br&dan ; cp. OHG. breiten.}
BRADOW, v. Chs. Also written bradda Chs^s.Chs.1;
bradder Chs.1; brather Chs.13 [bra'da.] To spread out.
Of a hen : to cover. Also used intrans.
Chs.1 I never like to see forrard taters bradda, I like to see em
spire up ; Chs.a A hen bradows her chickens ; Chs.8 To spread
or cover [a field] with manure. A hen brathering her brood.
s.Cbs.1 Sey fit dhaat' en braad'iiin fir chik'inz [Sey at that hen
bradda-in' her chickins].
[The same as bradling, q. v. See s.Chs.1 8.]
BRAE, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Lin. Also written bree N.Cy.1 Nhb.1; brea N.Cy.1 Dur.1
Wm. n.Yks.3 w.Yks.1 Lan.; breea n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.'e.Yks.;
breay Nhb.1 Cum.; bra (JAM.) ; bray n.Ir. w.Yks.^n.Lin.1;
breeah Wm.1 ; braa w.Yks.1 ; broo N.Cy.1 ; see below,
[bre, bri.]
1. A declivity, hillside, steep bank ; the broken bank of
a river.
Sc. The elfin knight sate on the brae, SCOTT Midlothian (1818)
ix. Sh.I. I daandered ower da braes, BURGESS Rasmie (1892) 98.
Elg. Ye'll get yer banks, an braes, an' brigs, TESTER Poems (1865)
120. Bnff. The coldest places in which Edward slept at night, were
among the rocks by the seaside, or on the sea braes along the
coast, SMILES Natur. (1879) v'- Abd. It is a vera stiff brae,
ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xviii. Kcd. The howes and
gow'nie braes, JAMIE Muse (1844) i. Frf. On the bump of green
round which the brae twists, BARRIE Thrums (1895) i. Per.
Moonlight trysts an' Sabbath wanders O'er the haughs an' on
the brae, NICOLL Poems (1837) 79, ed. 1843. Fif. When I got to
the tap o' the brae the view cowed a' description, ROBERTSON
Provost (1894) 21. Rnf. Life's a ... steep an' slippery brae,
ALLAN Ev. Hours (1836) 64. Ayr. Ye banks and braes o' bonnie
Doon, BURNS Sng. Lth. Barefitted lassies amang the green
braes, BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 13. Bwk. By the mossy brae
Green-kirtled fairies sport and play, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes
(1856) 69, Gall. The bonny corn that had grown so golden on
the braes, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) vii. n.Ir. Bar's Bray, a very
steep descent at Beechill, about 300 feet high, N. & Q. (1873) 4th
S. xii. 479 ; N.I.1 Ant. Most farms have a field called the brae, and
a rather steep incline in a country road will be called a brae,
Ballymena Obs. (1892). n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.1 Nhb. Tis
mony years sin' first we met On Coquet's bonny braes, Coquet-
dale Sngs. (1852) 59 ; Nhb.1, Dnr.1 Cum. (J.Ar.) ; Com.1 Wm.
Shooting dawn the braw of Slavery, HUTTON Bran New IVark
(1785) 185; Wm.1 n.Yks. The slightly overhanging brae of a
ditch or drain, ATKINSON Maori. Parish (1891) 345 ; n.Yks.* Loo"
ye ! heear's tahlin's [titling's] nes' : jis' i' t'breea, heear ; n.Yks.2
We went upon t'breea top. T'breea slowp ; n.Yks.8, ne.Yks.1
e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788). w.Yks.1; w.Yks.2 Bray
Furlong, a field in Greenhill, near Sheffield. n.Lan. Warm are yer
limbs wi' the low of yer brae fire, THORNBER Penny Stone (1845)
3, ed. 1886; (W.S.) Lin. STREATFEILD Z.IK. and Danes (1884) 319.
n.Lin. Slippin' doon fra the bray o' th' bank, PEACOCK Taales (1889)
55 ; n.Lin.1 Ohd ducks quacks little uns on to braay o' bank an'
broodies 'em.
Hence Braeie, Brayie, adj. hilly, declivitous, having
slopes. (JAM.)
2. Comp. (i) Brae-face, the front or slope of a hill; (2)
•full, of a river : full to the bank ; (3) -hag, (4) -hauld, the
overhanging bank of a stream ; (5) -head, the summit of
a hill ; (6) -laird, a landowner on the southern slope
of the Grampians ; (7) -man, a dweller on the southern
slope of the Grampians ; (8) -set, full of slopes or ' braes ' ;
(9) -side, a hillside.
(i) Gall. High on the brae-face, CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (1895)
289. (2) n-Yks.1, ne.Yks.1 w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 28,
l89i). (3, 4) Rxb. (JAM.) (5) Frf. Ere he left the brae-head his
bit hoose was in flame, WATT Sketches (1880) 106. Ayr. Ane o'
the birkies rowed oot his barrel to the brae-heid, SERVICE
Notandums (1890) 72. Nhb. On the tap o' yon brae-head,
Denham Tracts (ed. 1892) I. 389. (6) Sc. In Mitchell's opera a
BRAED
BRAICHUM-UP
braes-laird is introduced as the natural and hereditary enemy of
a Highland chieftain (JAM.). (7) Sc. Humanity strongly invites
you to know The worm-wasted braeman's fate, TRAIN Mtn. Muse
(:8i4) 70 (JAM.). (8) Bnff.1 It's a fine fairm, bit some brae-set
an' ill to wirk. (9) Sc. A bluidy brae-side, SCOTT Bride of Lam.
(1819) xxiii ; A clachan on the braeside among fields, STEVENSON
Calriona (1892) iii. Lnk. By lown dyke ... or braeside green,
HAMILTON Poems (1865) 81. n.Yks. Simmerins [primroses] sim
ta laik ta grau on a briaside (W.H.). w.Yks. He was sometimes
called by his neighbours 'the wild bull o'the brca side,' GRAINGE
Pedlar (1866) ai.
[On the bray foranent ypon Laudian syde, DALRYMPLE
Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1596) I. 35; Bery-bobis on be braes,
Wars Alex. (c. 1450) 4809; Betuix a louchside and a bra,
BARBOUR Bruce (1375) HI. 109.]
BRAED, v. S. & Ork.1 To melt.
BRAE-SHOT, sb. Lnk. (JAM.) 1. A quantity of earth
that has fallen from a ' brae.' 2. Fig. A large sum of
money to which one unexpectedly becomes heir.
BRAEWARD, see Breward.
BRAFFAM, see Bargham.
BRAFFLESOME, adj. n.Yks. [bra'flsam.] Quarrel-
some.
n.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 28, 1891).
BRAG, sb.1 Obsol. Nhb. Dur. A goblin.
Nhb. RICHARDSON Borderer's Table-bk. (1846) VI. 58 ; The
' Porto Bello Brag,' a kind of wicked sprite that was well known.
It delighted in mischief, and whoever mounted it (for it always
appeared in the shape of an ass) were sure to be thrown into
some bog or whin-bush at parting ; when the creature, as if en-
joying the mischief, would run off ' nickerin' and laughin',' WILSON
Pitman's Pay (1843) 95 ; Nhb.1 Dnr. There is a village named
Picktree near Chester-le-Street, and a ghost story called the
' Picktree Brag ' is attached to it, Denham Tracts (ed. 1895) II. 78 ;
The brag was said to appear like a calf, also like a galloway ; once
like four men holding up a white sheet, and once like a headless
man ; but more often like a coach-horse or a ' dickass.' One who
mounted the brag was thrown off into a pond at the four ' lonin
ends,' while the brag ran off laughing. It was also said to
appear at the time of death, or to herald some misfortune,
Bishopric Garl. (1834) 42-
BRAG, v. and sb.2 Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. v. To challenge, defy.
Sc. And they might hae bragged the Border side, SCOTT
Minstrelsy (1802) III. 69, ed. 1848 ; A boy climbing a tree is said
to do it to brag his companions (JAM.) ; Gae hand in hand, ye'll brag
high rank, Or heaps o' siller, MORISON Poems (1790) 82 (*6.). Edb.
We bragged him to a race, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) 169. Cum.
He wad . . . brag the whole town, ANDERSON Ballads (1808) 61.
2. To reproach ; to exult over.
Sc. For which he may brag me and call me unjust, NICOL Poems
('739) 3°- n.Sc. Ye need na brag me with [in comparison with]
her (jAM.)r Cum. He thowt aw t'way, Hoo he would brag auld
Nell, RICHARDSON Talk (1871) 96, ed. 1876. Win.1 Don't brag
ower me.
3. Of the male grouse or moorcock : to crow, to call to
the mate.
w.Yks. I hear the moorcocks bragging on t'Sur Gill regular
U.N.L.).
Hence Bragging, vbl. sb. the sound made by the grouse
or moorcock.
w.Yks. The artificial call of the keepers is also known as
bragging. Used in the vicinity of Pateley Bridge (M.A.); w.Yks.1
4. In phr. to brag down, to find fault with.
s.Wor. Don't you go there, Sally, or you'll get bragged down,
PORSON Quaint Wds. (1875) 39-
5. sb. A boast.
Ayr. It will be the brag o' the forest yet, BURNS O Lady Mary
Ann, st. 4. Cum. Laal brag it is for enny man To climm up
Skiddaw side, RICHARDSON Ballads (1876) 15. Wm. It was allus
his brag 'at neea body could say he owed them owt (B.K.).
w.Yks. Howd thi brag, Pogmoor Olm. (1895) 14. Not.1, Lei .l
Nhp.1 There was such betting and such brags, And galloping up
and down with nags, EVANS Old Ballads. War.3 Shr.1 Good
beer needs no brag. Hrf.1 He made his brags as he would do for
'em all if he met them at the fair; Hrf.2 Glo. He made his
braags avoore he died, As wi' any dree brothers his zons zhou'd
zing, HUGHES Scour. White Horse (1859) vii. Dor.1 w.Som.1 Only
used in pi. Ee mae'ud-z bragz aew-u diied ut [he made his boast
how he did it].
6. A braggart, boaster. Lei.1
BRAG, see Brog.
BRAGE, v. Cor. [bredg.] To scold violently, rage;
to roar.
Cor. ./V. &• Q. (1854) istS. x.479 ; Cor.1 Braginglike a lion; Cor.2
BRAGGABLE, adj. Shr. [bravgabl.j Commendable,
very good.
Shr.1 Ow's Dick likin' 'is plack ? — Oh ! 'e ses it's nuthin' brag-
gable.
BRAGGASHANS, adv. Cor. Also written bragge-
shans. In a bragging, boasting manner.
Cor. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; But I scorn to stand speech-
ing braggashans, T. TRENOODLE Spec. Dial. (1846) 32 ; Cor.12
BRAGGET, sb. Sc. Nhb. Lan. Chs. Der. Wai. Cor.
Also in forms bragwort Bwk. Dmf. ; braggett n.Cy. Chs.3;
braggat Lan.1 ; braggot, bragot Lan. ; bracket n.Cy. ;
braket Nhb.1 Chs. ; brakatCor.; bratchet N.Cy.1 Nhb.1;
brotchet, brotchert N.Cy.1 ; bregwort Sc. ; bragod Wai.
1. Honey and ale fermented together; new ale spiced
with sugar.
Fif. QAM.) Bwk. They stole and drank his bragwort beer,
HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 58. Rxb. (JAM.) Dmf. A drink
used freely at the time of harvest home, which goes by the name
of brag-wort, GASKELL Lectures Dial. (1854) 8. n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ;
N.Cy.1 As sweet as bratchet; N.Cy.2, Nhb.1 Obs. Lan. SKINNER
(1671) ; Bury is almost world-famous for its simnelsand its bragot,
Chs. N. & Q. (1882) II. 32 ; Lan.1 Mulled ale, prepared and drunk
in many places on Mid-Lent Sunday, which is hence called Braggat
Sunday. Chs. WORLIDGE Syst. Agric. (1669) ; Let folk have as
much braggett as they could drink, CROSTON Enoch Ctump (1887)
7 ; Chs.12 Der.1 Obs. Wei. British Bragod, w?" is now a common
drink among country people in their feasts or wakes (K.). s.Pem.
The word ' meath' is oftener used now than ' braggot' Haslat
stew and braggot new, Come and taste of these, Wedding Sng.
(W.M.M.) Cor. ' Brakat ' is the same as what is called metheglin,
GASKELL Lectures Dial. (1854) 8.
2. Cotnp. Bragget-Sunday, the fourth Sunday in Lent,
on which day ' bragget ' was consumed.
Lan. GASKELL Lectures Dial. (1854) 8; HARLAND & WILKINSON
Flk-Lore (1867) 225 ; Lan.1
[Armed all in ale . . . and charged in braggat stale,
JONSON Gipsies (1621), ed. Cunningham, in. 145 ; Braggette,
drink, promulsis, BARET (1580) ; Hir mouth was swete as
bragot or the meeth, CHAUCER C. T. A. 3261. MWel.
bragaut (mod. bragawd), bragget. The forms bragwort,
bregwort are due to an association with wort.]
BRAGGIR, sb. Obs. ? Sc. (JAM.) A coarse seaweed.
I. of Lewis. They continue to manure the ground until the tenth
of June if they have plenty of Braggir, MARTIN W. Islands (1716) 54.
BRAGGLE, v. Shr. [brae-gl.] To swagger, to boast.
Shr.1 Oud Barber wuz bragglin' o'er them byests o isn at the far.
[Brag (vb.) -I- -le (-el), freq. suff.]
BRAGGOT, see Bragget.
BRAGGOTY, adj. Dev. Cor. Also written bradgty
Cor.1; braggaty nw.Dev.1 Cor.1; braggety Cor.12;
brackety Cor. [bras-gati.] Mottled, speckled, spotted.
n.Dev. Hunderneath the hazlin moote, thare's a braggoty worm,
way a speckeld drawt, n.Dev. Jrn. (Sept. 17, 1885) 6. nw.Dev.1
Rough and covered with loose scales like a snake, or a fish in poor
condition. w.Cor. John Trevala bought a brackety cock, LOWRY
Wreckers, 181. Cor.1 In an old manuscript account-book which
belonged to a white witch or charmer, I find a charm : ' A charam
for the bit of an ader. " Bradgty, bradgty, bradgty, under the
ashing leaf," to be repeated three times, and strike your hand with*
the growing of the hare.' A braggaty cow ; Cor.2 Of the skin of
a baby's limbs, ' See what braggety legs he's got'
[Of Celtic origin. Cogn. w. Ir. brecc, speckled ; Wei.
brych, a spot ; Bret, breach, small-pox (Du KUSQUEC) ; see
STOKES (in Pick4) 220.]
BRAGHAM, see Bargham.
BRAGWORT, see Bragget.
BRAICHUM, see Bargham.
BRAICHUM-UP, v. and sb. Bnff.1 1. v. To put on
much dress or wrap up for protection against the weather,
in an untidy fashion. 2. sb. The act of wrapping up in
3 B2
BRAID
[372]
BRAIN
a clumsy way for protection against the weather, often
conveying the notion of over-care. See Bargham.
BRAID, si.1 Irel. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. e.An.
Also written brade Lan.1 w.Yks. ; breyd e.Lan.1 ; breid
w.Yks. Also in form bred N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 e.An.1 Nrf.1 Suf.1 ;
bread, brad N.I.1 [bred, bred, brad.]
1. A shelf or board for holding crockery, &c.
w.Yks. He put a brade up for us to put meyt on i'th cellar (D. L.) ;
w.Yks.4, Lan.1, e-Lan.1, Chs.1, nw.Der.1 [THORESBY Lett. Ray
(1703).]
2. A board to press curd for cheese, somewhat less in
circumference than the vat.
e-An.1, Nrf.1, Suf.1
3. In //. the flat boards attached to a large beam, and
used for weighing.
N.I.1, N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
[Brede, or lytylle borde, mensula, tabella, asserulus,
Prompt. ; Apon be hefd o ]>is rode, ouer-thwart was don
a brede, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 16578. OE. bred, a board ;
cp.MHG.bret (LEXER).]
BRAID, v.1 and sb* Sc. Yks. Lin. Glo. e.An. I.W. Dor.
Dev. Cor. Written breed I.W.12 Cor.12 [bred, brid, Glo.
braid.]
1. v. To embroider.
n.Lin.1, sw.Lin. (R.E.C.)
Hence Braided, pp. embroidered. n.Yks.2
2. To plait, to form a cord of four threads ; to half cut
and then interlace quick or other hedge stuff.
S. & Ork.1, e.An.1 I.W.1; I.W.2 I was breeden the thong of
a whip.
3. To make or mend fishing-nets with a mesh and
needle ; to net.
Nrf. [Nets for eel-sets] are braided or made in the winter,
DAVIES Broads (1884) 249. Dor. Gl. (1851) ; (C.V.G.) Cor.12
Hence Braiding, vbl. sb. net-making.
e-An.1, Nrf.1 Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
4. To wash out lightly, to ' net ' (q.v.).
w.Yks.5 [Not known to our correspondents.]
5. sb. pi. An open wicker cage or guard, made of split
osier-twigs, for protecting newly grafted trees.
Glo. MARSHALL Rur. Earn. (1789) II. 283 ; Gl. (1851) ; Glo.1
[1. I brayde sylke upon braydes, or with bobyns,
Jentrelasse, PALSGR. (1530) ; They taughten him a lace
to braide, GOWER C. A. (c. 1400) in. 237; Breyde lacys,
necto, torqueo, Prompt. OE. bregdan, to weave ; cp. ON.
bregjfa, to ' braid,' weave.]
BRAID, v? Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Der. Lin.
Also written braad w.Yks.1 ; brade Sc. (JAM.) N.Cy.1 Nhb.1
n.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 n.Lin.1 ne.Lan.1 ; bread m.Yks.1 ; breead
Wm.1; breed n.Yks.2 w.Yks.24 ne.Lan.1; breid Nhb.1;
bried w.Yks.4 [bred, bread, brisd.]
1. To resemble in any way ; to take after. Gen. with
prep. of.
Sc. GAM.) N.Cy.1 ; N.Cy.2 Ye breid of the miller's dog ; ye lick
your mouth, or the poke be ope, Prov. Nhb.1 ? Obs. Cum. Bairns
braid o' their fore-elders, FERGUSON Northmen (1856) 171 ; Cum.2
Wm.1 n.Yks. Dhu briads o ml, dhus nian owar mitsh brass (W.H.) ;
n.Yks.1 It includes resemblance in feature or external appearance,
as well as in nature or disposition ; n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1 In common
use. e.Yks. Bessy braids ov her muther, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp.
(1889) 96 ; e.Yks.1 ' Of before a vowel, and ' on ' at the end of a
sentence. Ah can't tell wheeah he braids on. m.Yks.1 w.Yks.
Thaa's lang a comin', thaa braads o haver malt, Prov. in Brighouse
News (July 23, 1887) ; (S.K.C.) ; w.Yks.1 He braads o' th' dog i'
't'boose, ii. 306; w.Yks.2345 Lan.1 He braids o' th' lot; he's
nooan a good un. n.Lan. (W.S.), ne.Lan.1 mXan.1 When ony-
body says ' brade o' me,' or ' brade as aw do," they meean yo' to
do as they do. Der.1 Obs. Lin. STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes
(1884) 318. n.Hn.1 That bairn braades o' it's gran'feyther.
2. To be of the same opinion, used in imp.
n.Lin.1 Braade o' me, that lad 'all be a preacher when he's
grawd up.
[To breid, to be like in conditions, BAILEY (1721) ;
Which froward monster . . . Braydeth on Hidra, LYDGATE
Bochas (c. 1430) in. (N.E.D.) OE. bregdan, ' se vertere in
aliquid ' (BOSWORTH) ; cp. ON. bregfia til, to resemble.]
BRAID, v.3 and sb.3 Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Stf.
Lin. Glo. Written brade Dur.1 w.Yks.1 n.Lin.1; bray Glo.
[bred, briad.]
1. v. To retch, vomit ; to desire to vomit. See Abraid, v.'
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Aa've braided sair aall neet,
doctor. Dur.1 w.Yks. WILLAN List Was. (1811); w.Yks.1,
ne.Lan.1, n.Lin.1
2. In phr. to braid (bray) about or back, to jerk or throw
oneselfabout ; to fall backwards from want of support.
Glo. Take care the baby doe* not braid-back (H.S.H.); Don't
bray back and break the back of that chair. To a child who was
throwing her head back : ' Kip yerself up and not bray about '
(S.S.B.); GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
3. Used of a cow during the throes of parturition.
Cum.12
4. sb. A portion of the after-burthen of a cow.
Cum. An old farmer describes ' braid ' as the leavings after the
after-burthen of a cow is removed (J.A.).
[Cp. ME. braide (breide), to make a sudden movement,
to burst into a cry ; ON. bregda, to move swiftly, to start.]
BRAID, v.* N.Cy.1 Stf.1 To upbraid, scold. Cf.
abraid, v.1
[Breydyn, or vpbreydyn, impropero, Prompt. ON.
bregta, to upbraid, blame.]
BRAID, v? e.An. [bred.] To beat and blend soft
substances ; esp. to press them with a spoon, &c., through
a colander or sieve.
e.An.1 Suf. In common use. A mason braids the ingredients of
mortar with a shovel. In making rusks a housewife braids the
dough by squeezing and running it through her fingers (,F.H. );
(H.J.L.R.)
BRAID, see Brade, Bread.
BRAID-ROD, sb. w.Yks.5 [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] A yard-stick.
BRAIDY, adj. Yks. Foolish.
Yks. Yks. N. & Q. (1888) II. 15. w.Yks. Used to show that a
person has nothing original about him, and that he only acts by
imitation, WATSON Hist. Halifax (1775) 532 ; w.Yks.4
[Prob. the same as the braidie in Sc. braidieness, reck-
lessness. I have sein them baith In braidieness and lye
aback, MONTGOMERIE Cherrie &* Slae (1597) 1423, ed.
Cranstoun, 49.]
BRAIK, see Braxy.
BRAIKEN, see Bracken.
BRAIKS, sb. Sh.I. [breks.] A common or pasture-
ground. S. & Ork.1
BRAIL, sb.1 Chs. Also in form brailer Chs.1 ; breeler
s-Chs.1 [brel, bri'la(r).] A long briar or stick run along
the top of a new hedge to keep the twigs even and in
place. Also a dead hedge stuck on a cop top.
Chs.13 s.Chs.1 I once had a breeler described to me as ' dhaat
liingg edh'ur thingg- uz dhai put'n ut)th top uvu ej, un dhai kau'n
it u bree-lflr ' [that lung ether thing as they putten at th' top of
a hedge, an' they cawn it a breeler].
[The same as OFr. brail (also braiel), a breech-girdle
(GODEFROY).J
BRAIL, sb.2 Wxf.1 pi. brailes. A barrel.
BRAIN, sb., adj. and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng.
1. sb. In comp. (i) Brain-basket, see below ; (2) -brussen,
crackbrained, crammed with knowledge ; (3) -chass, (4)
•fag, hard study ; (5) -foisted, perverse, disaffected ; (6)
-mad, mad, determined ; bent on ; (7) -pan, the skull,
top of the head ; (8) -scholar, clever fellow, prodigy ; (9)
•wright, one who thinks and does brain-work for another;
one with brain-power above the average; (10) -wild, mad,
excited.
(i) Oxf.1 ' He wasn't about when the brain-basket went round,
said of a person not very intelligent, (a) n.Yks.2 (3) ib. Brain-
chass'd, mentally fatigued. (4, 5) ib. (6) Fif. Ilk man, brain-mad
to get away, Kickin' the neist to garr him gae, TENNANT Papistry
(1827)207. (7) Sc. ' Clubs is the word.' ' And a hard word it
as my brain-pan kens at this blessed moment,' SCOTT Nigel (1822)
xi. w.Yks. It fell flat at top ov hiz awn brainpan, TOM TREDDLE-
HOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1858) 1 1. n-Lin.1, Nhp.1 Brks.1 A got a cut
on the braain-pan. e-An.1 Slang. The pitch bubbled in the seams
and the brain in the brain-pan, STEVENSON & OSBOURNE Ebb-Tide
BRAIN
[373]
BRAISSIL
(1894) I3i. (8) Yks. Any Flamburian boy was considered a
'brain-scholar' and a ' head-languager ' when he could write
down the parson's text, BLACKMORE Mary Anerley (1879) xi.
(9) n.Lin. Jack is a good hard-warkin' fella', but he is not much on
a brainwright (M.P.) ; n.Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 I've had to be his brain-
wright all along. (10) Fif. St. Monan's fishermen, brain-wud,
Flang their auld deed stock-saint o' wood Aff their puir pier intil
the flood, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 12. Slk. That brainwud cratur
Harry Percy, WILSON Tales (1836) II. 94. n.Yks.2
2. The voice.
Ags. A braw brain, a strong brain (JAM.).
3. Spirit, mettle.
Lth. (JAM.), Gall. (A. W.)
Hence (i) Brainish, adj. hot-headed, high-spirited ; de-
lirious ; (2) Brainy, adj. unmanageable, spirited, lively.
(i) Per. He was brainish a wee during his illness (G.W.). Fif.
But fie, thou brainish Muse ! what mean these vapourings ?
TENNANT Anster (1812) 4, ed. 1871. (2) w.Sc., Lth. (JAM.)
4. A severe injury. Also in form brainan. Bnff.1
5. adj. Angry, furious, enraged.
Abd. (JAM.) ; I wat right well he was fu' brain, And fu' [how]
could he be ither? SKINNER Poems (1809) 126.
6. v. To understand, take in, grasp.
Suf. I can't brain that ; it's quite beyond me (F.H.).
7. To beat or knock out the brains. In gen. colloq. use.
Frf. Down wi' your pikes, or I'll brain you wi' them, BARRIE
Minister (1891 v. Rnf. Dinna stan" there an' laugh at me or I'll
brain thee, GILMOUR Paisley Weavers (1876) 29. Edb. He'll brain
some of us with a lump of coal, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) xxv.
Ir. The insertion into the aperture of an old meal-bag stuffed with
stones, and her hairbreadth escape of being brained by a shower
of them, BARLOW Idylls (1892) 57. Ant. GROSE (1790) MS. add.
(C.) n.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.)
8. To hurt, wound, bruise.
Sc. Mr. Gordon being in drink . . . and going up stairs, he lost
his feet, and brained himself, WALKER Peden (1737) 53 (JAM.).
[1. (7) A woman cast a pece of a mylstone . . . and brake
his brane panne, CovERDALE(i535) Judges ix. 53 ; Cranium,
braynpanne, Trin. Coll. MS. (c. 1450), in Wright's Voc.
(10) He ... bat breme wat}& brayn-wod bothe,
Gawayne (c. 1360) 1580. 5. He walxis brayne in furour
bellicall, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, iv. 78 ; If any
. . . Be so bolde in his blod, brayn in hys hede, Gawayne
(c. 1360) 286. 6. 'Tis still a dream, or else such stuff as
madmen Tongue and brain not, SHAKS. Cytnb. v. iv. 14.7.
7. An I were now by this rascal I could brain him with
his lady's fan, ib. i Hen. IV, n. iii. 24.]
BRAIN, see Brown.
BRADJDING, prp. Sc. Striving on the harvest-field,
trying who will be first.
Per. (G.W.) Ayr. Still in use, although ' kemping ' is the more
common term (J F.).
BRAINGE, v. and sb. Sc. Also in form braindge
(JAM.) ; brange, breenge, breinge. [brendg, brmdg.]
1. v. To run rashly forward, start off suddenly, plunge ;
to vibrate, shake. Cf. brainyell.
Sc. [Of a serpent] His tongue Out-braindging long, DRUMMOND
Muckomachy (1846) 36. Per. (G.W.) Ayr. Thou never braindg't,
an'fetch't, an'fliskit, BURNS To his Auld Mare, si. 12; The bill [bull]
gaed breengin through the stanedyke, SERVICE Notandums (1890)
103. Slk. (JAM.), Gall. (A.W.)
Hence Breenging,//>/. adj. dashing, plunging ; bustling.
Per. A bustling woman with a sharpish tongue is called
a ' breingin' bodie ' ( G.W.). Lth. You for a steady day's work,
Rosie : you're no' ane o' the breengein', flingin' kind, STRATHESK
Blinkbonny (ed. 1891) 184.
2. To use violence ; to beat into pieces.
Sc. Breinge into bits, WADDELL Ps. (1891) xxxvii. 17. Ayr.
Whiles he will so brainge, that he will lay the door on the floor,
DICKSON Sel. Writings (1662) I. 124, ed. 1845.
3. sb. A plunge, dart forward, confused haste. Also used
fig. a fit of temper.
Sc. She gangs wi' sic a braindge, OCHILTREE Redburn (1895) iv.
Fif. This bairn taks sic breenges whiles that I'm at my wits end
to ken what to dae wi' him, ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 105.
Ayr. The coo made a breinge, the hare took to its heels, JOHNSTON
Kilntallie (1891) I. 39. Ayr., Gall. (JAM.*) Gall. Doon Birsay fell
amang the peats wi' a brange that nearly brocht the hoose doon,
CROCKETT Moss-Hags (1895) xxiii. Kcb. Baith wi' a brainge
Sprang, hap an' sten' out o'er a nettle An' cry'd, revenge, DAVID-
SON Seasons (1789) 35.
BRAINS, sb. pi. Ken. A lump of water-worn fossil
coral.
Ken. A small fossil chalk coral found at Charlton is called
' brains ' by the workmen there, N. & Q. (1877) 5th S. vii. 353.
BRAINYELL, v. and sb. Sc. Also written brainzel Slk.
1. v. To break forth or rush forward with violence ; also
fig. to storm, rave like a virago. Cf. brainge.
Slk. They scream'd, they brainzellt, and they prayed, HOGG
Queer Bk. (1832) 16 ; Scho brainyellt up in ane foorye and
dowlicappyd me, ib. Winter Ev. Tales (1820) II. 42 (JAM.). Rxb. ib.
2. sb. The act of rushing headlong or of doing anything
hurriedly and without care.
Slk. I took him [the dog] in aneath my plaid, for fear o' some
grit brainyell of an outbrik, HOGG Brownie of Bodsbeck (1818) I.
141 (JAM.).
BRAIRD, sb. and v. Sc. Irel. n.Cy. Also in form
breard Sc. (JAM.) N.Cy.1 ; breird Sc. [brerd.]
1. sb. The first shoots or sprouts of young corn, &c.,
showing above ground. Cf. abreard, breward, sb.1
Sc. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863) ; Better hain at the braird than
at the bottom, RAMSAY Prov. (1737). Abd. The tremblin' breird
fa's sadden an' sear'd, THORN Rhymes (1844) 107. Frf. When the
braird, that is, the young plants, come up, STEPHENS Farm Bk.
(ed. 1849) I. 539. Per. A considerable breadth of wheat has been
sown, and a fine braird has followed, Farmers Jrn. (Mar. 30,
1839). Ayr. The promise of the braird gives me pleasure, GALT
Legatees (1820) viii. Lnk. The ky broke frae the byar, ran thro'
the braird, BLACK Falls of Clyde (1806) 133. Lth. Sweet were the
seeds sown, and rich was the braird, BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 3.
Slk. The green braird aneath your feet, CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed.
1856) III. 2. N.I.1, Uls. (M.B.-S.), N.Cy.1
2. Fig. Young fellow, person.
Cld. That callan is a fine braird of a man (JAM.).
3. pi. A coarse sort of flax ; the short tow which is
drawn out straight in carding it.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; To be sold, a large quantity
of white and blue breards, fit for spinning yarn, Edb. Evening
Courant (Sept. i, 1804) (JAM.). Ant. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
4. v. To germinate, to sprout above ground. Also used
fig-
Sc. The beir's a-breir'd, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Fif. Auld
mither Yerth . . . breirds and beautifies apace, TENNANT Papistry
(1827) 10.
Hence (i) Brairdie, adj. abounding with the first show
of grain ; (2) Brairding, vbl. sb., fig. germination, first
sign of growth ; (3) Brairdit, ppl. adj. springing, showing
green.
(i ) Sc. When I met ye on the brairdie hill, PICKEN Poems
(1788) 147 (JAM.), (a) ib. I find a little breirding of God's seed in
this town, RUTHERFORD Lett. (1765) I. 73 (ib.). (3) ib. Whuddin
hares 'mang brairdit corn, NICOL Poems (1805! II. i (to.). Ayr.
Giving promise of abundant crops, stretched well-brairded fields,
JOHNSTON Kilmallie (1891) I. 81.
[1. The cornis croppis and the beds new brerd,
DOUGLAS Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, iv. 82. 4. The wickit
thocht begynnis for to breird, HENRYSON Fables (c. 1450)
1904 (Anglia, IX. 461). Cogn. w. ON. broddr, a spike on
a plant (VIGFUSSON).]
BRAISE, sb. Sc. Also written braze GAM.), (i)
The roach, Leuciscus rutilus; (2) A fish of the genus
Pagrus vulgaris.
(i) Slg. Salmon, pike, and eels of different kinds, frequent the
Enrick and Blane; but no fish in greater abundance than the
braise, Killearn Statist. Ace. XVI. logfjAM.). (s)[SATCHELL(i879).]
BRAISHY, see Brashy.
BRAISSIL, v. and sb. Sc. Also written brassle.
1. v. To work hurriedly. Rxb. QAM.)
2. sb. A rush, sudden start. Also in phr. to work by
braissils, to work unevenly, by fits and starts.
Slk. She gied a spang intil the road and then sic a brassle a'
three thegither up the brae, CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) IV. 99.
Rxb. JAM.)
[The same as M E. brastlien, to crackle, to rattle. Sceldes
brastleden, helmes tohelden, LAJAMON (c. 1205) 27463.
OE. brasllian.}
BRAIZE
[374]
BRAMBLE
BRAIZE, see Broose.
BRAK, see Brack.
BRAKE, sb.1 and v. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Lin. Nhp.
Shr. Ken. Sus. Also written braik Sc. (JAM.) N.I.1 Nhb.1;
break Sc. QAM.) n.Lin.1 Shr. Sus.1 [brek.]
1. sb. A toothed instrument used in dressing flax or hemp.
Sc. A braik for hemp, that she may rub, WATSON Coll. (1706)
III. 47 (JAM.). Cum.1, n.Lln.1 Shr. They break or divide the
woody part from the skin or rind, by a simple machine called
a break or tutor, which consists of three or four ribs of wood or
iron which fall into each other, MARSHALL Review (1818) II. 250.
[KENNETT Par. Antiq. (1695).]
2. A large heavy harrow used for breaking the clods in
rough ground.
Rnf. A pair of harrows, or brake, for two horses, on the best
construction, WILSON Rnf. d8ia) 87 (JAM.). Ayr. Pownies reek
in pleugh or braik, BURNS Ep. Lapraik (Apr. ai, 1785^1 st I. NJ.1
Sometimes called a ' double harrow,' usually drawn by two horses ;
the ' single harrow ' is much smaller, and is drawn by one horse.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Nhp.*
3. A plough, drawn by a horse, for hoeing between
growing plants where the space between the rows is very
narrow. Also in comp. Brake-plough.
Ken. Strictly speaking the term 'brake' is restricted to an
implement which hoes only one row at a time, the term ' horse-
hoe' being given to the implement which hoes more than one
(P.M.); Ken.1 Ken., Sus. HOLLOWAY. Sus.1
4. v. To clear the rows between plants, &c., with a
'brake.' Ken. (P.M.); Ken.1
[1. A break for flax, Linifrangibula, COLES (1679);
Brioche, a brake for hemp, COTGR. Du. ' braecke, a brake
to beate flaxe or hempe' (HEXHAM); LG. braake, brake
(BERGHAUS); MLG. brake (SCHILLER-LUBBEN). Cp. MHG.
breche (LEXER).]
BRAKE, sb? Sus.1 [brek.] A kneading trough.
[A brake, such as bakers use, Artopta, GOULDMAN (1678) ;
A brake, mactra, BARET (1580).]
BRAKE, sb? Nhp. [brek.] A strong wooden frame
formed of four posts with two bars on each side, used to
confine restive horses while being shod. Nhp.1 [(K.)]
[Brake, an engine to confine a horse's legs when unruly
in shoeing, or any other operation, NARES ; He is falne
into some brake, some wench has tyed him by the legges,
SHIRLEY Opporlunitie (1640) II. sig. C 4.]
BRAKE, sb* Nhb. Dur. A boring-tool used in coal-
mines, consisting of a beam with a crook at one end to
which the bore-rods are attached by a chain and sling-
rope.
Nhb.1 When the depth attained in boring has become so great
that the bore-rods cannot be lifted by the men at the brace-head,
then the brake is brought into requisition. Nhb., Dnr. NICHOLSON
Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
BRAKE, s*.5 Often in*/. n.Cy. Chs. Not. Nhp. e.An.
Ken. Sus. Hmp. Dev. Written breks Not.2 [brek, Not.
brek.]
1. The common bracken, Pteris aquilina, and other large
ferns.
n.Cy. Seldom used, GROSE (1790) MS. add. ; N.Cy.2 Brakes is
a word of gen. use all Eng. over. Chs.13, Not.2, Nhp.1 e.An.1
The Pteris aquilina, which we almost exclusively call brakes, only
occas. including some other ferns. Suf. RAINBIRD Agric. (1819)
289, ed. 1849. Ken. (W.F.S.) ; Commons covered with furze,
thorns, brakes, or heath, MARSHALL Review (1817) V. 424. Sus.12
Hmp.1 Also called fern brakes. Dev.4 [KENNETT Par. Antiq.
(1695).]
2. Comp. Brake-fern, any common fern.
Ess. Brake-fern is a gen. word all Eng. over, and better known
in this county than fern ; indeed the only word in use among the
vulgar, who understand not fern, RAY (1691) (s.v. Bracken). Hmp.1
[1. Feuchiere, fearn, brakes, COTGR. ; Filix foemina, . . .
in French Fougere femelle, in English brake, common
feme, and female feme, GERARDE Herb. (ed. 1633) 1130 ;
Feugere, a brake, BIBLESW. (c. 1300) in Wright's Voc.
(1857) 156.]
BRAKE, sb.6 Sc. n.Cy. Nhp. Wor. Shr. Glo. Oxf.
I.W. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written break Sc. (JAM.) ;
briake Dor.1 [brek, brisk.]
1. A copse, thicket; a strip or piece of rough land
covered with gorse, furze, &c.
Elg. I'm nae sae dour, ye may be sure, Amang the brake wi'
somebody, TESTER Poems (1865) 220. Per. A brake of gorse and
bramble bushes, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush (1895)6. Ayr. As
flies the partridge from the brake, BURNS Bank of Flowers, st. 7.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) Nhp.1, s.Wor. (H.K.) Shr.1
If some o' that theer fyarn an' gorst wuz cut i' brakes, we met'n
'ave some chonce to get the rabbits out. Glo.12, Oxf. (K.), I.W.*
w.Cy. She ran forth and back rpund a brake of furze, HUNT Pop.
Rom. w.Eng. (1865) I. 100. Dor.1 Nanny . . . Jumped off into
zome girt briake, 178. w.Som.1 Often called u vuuz brae-ilk [a
furze brake]. Dev. 'Twas a very steep fall, and covered with
brambles and fuzzy brakes, as she called them, PEARD Mother Molly
(1889) 146 ; Dev.1 n.Dev. Two buoys at their gammets in a brake,
ROCK Jim an Nell (1867) sL 106. [Removing their ewes from
the turnip brake during the day, ARMITAGE Sheep (1882) 101.]
2. Comp. Brake-hopper, the grasshopper warbler, Locu-
stella noevia.
[JOHNS Brit. Birds (1862) ; So called from its habit of lurking in
thick bushes, SWAINSON Birds (1885) 28.]
3. A large quantity, esp. applied to flowers.
Cor.1 A brake of honeysuckle.
4. Fig. A considerable number of people.
Fif. A break of folk (JAM.).
[1. So thick entwin'd, As one continu'd brake, the under-
growth Of shrubs, MILTON P. L. (1667) iv. 175 ; Under this
thick-grown brake we'll shroud ourselves, SHAKS. 3 Hen.
VI, HI. i. i. LG. braken (pi.), 'die dicksten Aste der
Baiime, das Schlagholz' (BERGHAUS) ; MLG. brake, 'zweig'
(SCHILLER-LUBBEN).]
BRAKE, see Break.
BRAKE-SIEVE, sb. Nhb. An apparatus for washing
lead-ore, consisting of a sieve hung at the end of a wooden
lever or brake. Cf. brake, sb*
sw.Nhb. A man will tub, at least, four or five times as much in
a day, in the brake-sieve, as he can do in the hand-sieve, FORSTER
Strata 1,1821) 339.
Hence Braking, vbl. sb. working a brake sieve.
sw.Nhb. Braking or tilting is performed by the boy at the end
of the lever, standing upright, and jumping a little up and down ;
the contents of the sieve are altered, in position, by the jerking
and suddenness of the motion, and the heavier and purer parts of
the sieve ore settle to the bottom of the sieve, ib. 345.
BRAKESMAN, sb. Nhb. Dur. The man in charge of
the winding engine at a pit. Cf. brake, sb*
Nhb. As Jemmy the brakesman and me Was taukin, MIDFORD
Coll. Sngs. (1818) 29 ; Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl.
(1849).
BRAKE-SOWT, see Braxy.
BRAKET, see Bragget.
BRAKING, vbl. sb. Obs.1 Sc. Puking, retching.
Abd. Gut and ga' she keest with braking strange, Ross Helenon
(1768) 61, ed. 1812.
[Brakynge or parbrakynge, votnitus. . . . Brakyn or
castyn or spewe, vomo, Prompt. ; As an hounde bat et
eras, so gan ich to brake, P. Plowman, (c.) VH. 431. Cp.
Du. brakett, to vomit; Bremen brceken, 'vomere' (Wtbch.).}
BRAKSHY, see Braxy.
BRAKUM, see Bargham.
BRALER, sb. Dor. [bre'U»(r).] A bundle of straw.
See Brawler.
Dor. Gl. (1851) ; Dor.1
BRAMBLE, sb. and v. In gen. dial, use in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Also in forms bramley Wm. ; brammle e.Yks.1 ;
brembleDor.; bremel Nhb.1; brimble Chs.13 Shr.1 Sur.
Dor. Cor.; brimelWxf.1; brimmel Nhb.1; brimmle Wm.1
w.Som.1; broomle Cum.; brumble e.An.1 Nrf.1 Suf.1;
brumley Cum. Yks. ; brummel n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1 m.Yks.1
Hmp.1
1. sb. The blackberry, Rubus fruticosus ; applied both to
the briars and, in n.Cy., to the fruit.
Flf. Placing the blackberries on the kitchen table he said, ' There s
twa-three brummles I gathered,' ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 77.
Lth. Our fingers an' lips were inky Wi' . . . bram'les an' slaes,
STRATHESK More Bits(ed. 1885) 297 ; Ramblin', an' scramblin' For
brummels, hyps, an' haws, SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 35. Wxf. ,
Nhb.1 e.Dur.1 Bramble pudding. Wm.1 Ther's brimmles lang
BRAMBLING
[375]
BRAND
eneuf to hing a coo. n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 An abundance in Autumn
denotes a hard coming winter; a similar prophecy applying to the
red produce of the hawthorn, or ' cat haws.' Brambles are not to
be eaten after Michaelmas, for by that time ' the devil has waved
his club over the bushes ! ' ne.Yks.1, e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks.
BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865). n.Lan. WEST Guide to Lakes (1780).
Chs.13 sw.Lin.1 The hedges are black over wi' brambles. Shr.1
04s. I mun push tuthree brimbles i' the glat till it can be lined.
e.An.1 Nrf. CozEtiS-HARDf Broad Nrf. (1893)83; Mindyawthem
there brumbies, they'll scratch yar legs (W.R.E.); Nrf.1, Suf.
(F. H.) Sur. She didn't want to be there no more nor among
brimbles, BARING-GOULD Broom-Squire (1896) 137. Hmp.1 Dor.
Roun' the berried bremble bow, BARNES Poems (1863) 79; (C.W.)
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873).
w.Som.1 Brunvl. The word ' bramble ' is never heard ; those who
have been to school, and so have been taught the modern spelling,
always say briinvbl. Dev. Blackberries 'pon brim'les hangs,
PULMAN Sketches (1842) 31, ed. 1853 ; Dev.4 w.Cor. (M.A.C.)
2. Comp. (i) Bramble-berry, (2) -cock, the fruit of the
blackberry, Rubus fruticosus • (3) -finch, the mountain
finch or brambling (q.v.) ; (4) -gelder, a farmer, used
contemptuously ; (5) -kites, blackberries ; (6) -nosed,
having a purplish, thick nose like a drunkard ; (7) -vinegar,
vinegar made of blackberries.
(i) Per. To feast on the bramble-berries brown, NICOLL Poems
(l837) 75> ed- l843- Ay- Famed among the schoolboys of the
town for nests and brambleberries, GALT Lairds (1826) v. Gall.
She was fondest o' bramble-berry jelly o" a' the sugar conserves
that are made, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) xxiii. Nhb.1 (2) e.An.
(3) Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) 43 ; SWAINSON Birds
(1885) 64. (4) e-An.1, Nrf.1, Suf.i (5) Cum. (J.Ar.) Cum., Wm.
N. <5r Q. (1887) 7th S. iv. 408. Wm. The hedges are full of
bramley-kites (B.K.). m.Yks.1 (61 n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 A brummel-
nooas'd yal-swab. ne.Yks.1 In fairly common use. m.Yks.1 (7)
sw.Lin.1 There's nothing afore bramble vinegar for a cough.
3. Rosa canina, wild rose (Shr.).
4. Withered branches, twigs, &c., which are gathered
for firewood.
N.I.1 Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892).
Hence Bramelly, or Brambled, adj. twisted, misshapen,
crooked.
NJ.1 A bramelly-legged man is a man who is either knock-
kneed or out-kneed, or has misshapen feet and legs.
5. Fig. A lawyer.
Ken. (W. F.S.) ; A sarcastic allusion to the tangles of the law,
FARMER.
6. v. To pick blackberries.
n.Yks.1, ne-Yks.1, sw.Lin.1
Hence Brambling, prp. gathering blackberries.
Nhb., Dur. When I was a boy, brambling was better understood,
or at any rate much more freq. used, than blackberrying, M (f Q.
(1886) 7th S. ii. 393. Yks. ib. n-Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 There's a sight
of folks comes out brambling.
[1. Rubus, in Italian garza, in English bramble bush,
and black-berry bush, GERARDE Herb. (ed. 1633) 1274 ; My
wrechit fuid wes berreis of the brymmil, DOUGLAS
Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, n. 159; Brimbyl (v. r. brembel)
and thorn it sal be ;elde, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 924. OE.
bremel.]
BRAMBLING, sb. Nhb. Hmp.
1. The mountain finch, Fringilia montifringilla.
Nhb.1 [FORSTER Swallows (1817) 74; SWAINSON Birds (1885)
64.]
2. A young bird of the snow bunting, Plectrophanesnivalis.
e.Hmp. WHITE Selborne (1788) 61, ed. 1853. [JOHNS Brit. Birds
(1862) ; SWAINSON Birds (1885) 72.]
[1. A brambling, a bird, a sort of chaffinch, BAILEY
(1721) ; Brambline, Montifringilla avis, 'sic dicta a Rubis
quorum fructu gaudet,' SKINNER (1671) ; A bramlin, bird,
montifringella, LEVINS Manip. (1570).]
BRAME, sb.1 Wm. Lin. Written braam Wm.
1. The blackberry.
Wm. GIBSON Leg. and Notes (1877) 91.
2. Comp. Brameberries. [Not known to any of our
correspondents in the n. counties.]
Lin. STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes (1884) 318; Lin.1 s. v.
Brambles.
[1. Hec tribulus, brame, Voc. (c. 1425) in Wright's Voc.
(1884) 646. Cogn. w. MDu. brame, the blackberry (VER-
DAM).]
BRAME, s*.2 Suf. Also written breem. [brim,
brim.] Nutnenius phaeopus, the whimbrel, a bird closely
allied to the curlew.
Suf. (C.G.B.) e.Suf. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 200; e.An. Dy
Times (1892).
BRAMISH, v. e.An. [bre-mij.] To flourish, gesticu-
late ; to assume affected airs, to brag.
e.An.1 Nrf. MILLER & SKERTCHLY Fenland (1878) 126; Nrf.1
[Cp. Sw. dial, brama, to be ostentatious (RIETZ). The
word is altered after vbs. in -ish ; cp. famish.]
BRAMLIN, see Brandling.
BRAMLING, sb. Ken. Also in form brambling. A
species of hop-plant.
Ken. (W.F.S.) ; (E.H.S., ; It has no connexion with 'brambles,'
but is named after the farm where the original sets were raised,
Brambling Farm, in the parish of Ickham. It came into gen. use
about 25 years ago, and is now very much used, and regarded as
a superior variety (P.M.). ne.Ken. (H.M.)
BRAMMEL-WORM, BRAMMIN, see Brandling.
BRAMMLE, see Bramble.
BRAMMO, sb. Sh. & Or.I. Also written bramo
(JAM. Suppl.). A mess of water and oatmeal, or milk and
meal mixed together.
Or.I. (S.A.S.) Sh. & Or.I. (JAM. Suppl.) ; S. & Ork.1
BRAM-SKIN, see Barm-skin.
BRAMSTICKLE, see Banstickle.
BRAN, sb. Lin. Oxf. Nrf. Suf. Also written brun
Nrf. Suf. [bran, brsen.]
1. In//. Freckles. Oxf.1, Suf. (F.H.)
Hence Branny (brunny), adj. freckled.
Oxf.1, Nrf., Suf. (P.H.E.)
2. Comb, (i) Brunhulled, adj. freckled; (2) Bran-in-the-
face, phr. freckles.
(i) Suf. (F.H.) ; (M.E.R.) (2) sw.Lin.1
[Fr. bran de ludas, freckles in the face (COTGR.) ; cp.
Sherwood (s.v. Morphew). Littre says, ' Bran de Judas,
tache de rousseur au visage. Locution vieillie, et qui
vient sans doute de ce qu'on se repre'senta Judas roux.'
Brand de Judas, ' Frecken or freccles in ones face '
(PALSGR.).]
BRAN, see Brand, Brawn.
BRANCH-COAL, sb. n.Cy. (HALL.) w.Yks.24 Cannel-
coal.
BRANCHER, sb. Sc. Lon. A young bird, esp. when
scarcely able to fly.
Sc. Young rooks, or, as we ca' them, branchers, WILSON Tales of
Borders (1836) II. 184. Rxb. Young crows, after leaving the nest
and betaking themselves to the boughs or branches (JAM.). Lon.
A goldfinch is so called by London fanciers in its first year,
SWAINSON Birds (1885) 58. [JOHNS Brit. Birds (1862, 609. ]
[Brancher, a bird newly out of the nest, and that flies
from one branch to another, BAILEY (1755) ; Espervier
branchier, a brancher, or young hawk, newly come out of
the nest, COTGR.]
BRAND, sb.1 Irel. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Also Wor.
Shr. Hrf. Glo. e.An. Ken. Sur. Sus. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev.
Also in forms bran Som. ; braun(d Dev. ; brawn Dev.1 ;
broan Wxf.1 n.Dev. ; bron(d Dor.1 Som.; brun(d se.Wor.1
s.Wor.1 Shr.1 Hrf.2 Glo.1
1. A log of wood for burning; a stout branch suitable
for firewood.
Wxf.1, w.Yks.1 s.Wor.1 A Christmas brun. se.Wor.1 Also called
hind-brun, a log of wood suitable for laying behind or at the back
of the grate. Shr. As soon as the brand was safely settled in its
place, the Christmas ale was tapped, BURNE Flk-Lore (1883-86)
xxix ; Shr.1 Put a good brund o' the fire. Hrf.2 They used to
take a horse to carry in a brun on Christmas day. Glo. BAYLIS Illtis.
Dial. (1870) ; Glo.1 Common. Nrf. Applied to the stems or stout
parts of the thorn, WRIGHT. Dor. As we zot roun' the brands,
BARNES Poems (1869) 95 ; Dor.1 While she warm'd 'em zome cider
avore the bron, 210. Som. (J.S.F.S.) ; JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng.
(1869). w.Som.1 It is generally understood to be split into
a convenient size for a hearth fire, and cut three feet in length.
Cleftin brans is favourite work in frosty weather. Haut ee aaks
vur dhai branz ? [what (do) you ask for those brands ?] See Cord.
BRAND
[376]
BRANDTS
Dev. Yu'd best ways bring in a glide slug ov braunds, or yQ'll git
no vire, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) ; Dev.1 n.Dev. Ye'll zing anither
tune Avore the braun's a-burned again, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867)
S2.4Cow/>. (i) Brand-bidd, (2) -bitle, a heavy mallet for
cleaving wood ; (3) -fire, a fire made with ' brands ' ; a
bonfire; (4) -irons, (a) andirons, firedogs to support
burning wood in an open fireplace ; (b) an iron stand on
which vessels are placed over the fire, cf. brandis, bran-
dreth ; (c) kettles, pots, pans, &c. ; (5) -rick, a stack of
firewood cut and split into ' brands.'
(i) Som. (J.S.F.S.) e.Som. Called also a beetle (G.S.). (a)
W. & J. Gl. (1873). (3) Glo.1 Som. JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng.(i86g\
(4, o) n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Shr.1 Obs. Ken. (P.M.) ;
Ken.1 Also called cob-irons ; Ken.2 Sur.1 Common in most farm-
houses. Sus.1 Wil. What are usually called dog-irons on the hearth
are called brand-irons, JEFFERIES Hdgrw. (1889) 189. (6) n.Cy.
GROSE (1790). Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (July n, 1896). Dev.
Stand tha brass milk-pan 'pon the brandires and put zome live
cawls under 'n, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892). n.Dev. Trivets, iron
rings supported by three feet. Sometimes triangular irons, with an
iron leg at each angle, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) (c) Wxf.1
Trippeathes an brand-eyrons war ee-brought, 98. n.Dev. Some-
times a pot, commonly the milk-pan, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
(5) w.Som.1
3. In comb, (i) Brand-fire-new, see Fire-new, (2) -span,
(3) -spander-new, quite fresh, bran-new; (4) -spanker,
any fine new article ; (5) -spankin (-new, (6) -span-new,
quite new.
(i) ne.Lan.1. e.An.12, Nrf.1 (a) w.Yks. In his bran-span best,
Nidderdale Aim. (1876). (3) N.Cy.1 n.Yks. Ah wad gan te
Stowslay an' buy a bran spander new un, TWEDDELL Clevel.
Rhymes (1875) 37 ; n.Yks.12 e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788).
(41 n.Yks. A'v gitten a new knife, an' it's a brandspanker
(W.H.). (5) e.Dur.1 w.Yks.2 A bran spankin moggana table.
(6) Dur.1 Yks. GROSE (1790) MS. add. n.Yks.1, neXan.1, e.An.2
Ess. Monthly Mag. (1815) I. 125 ; Bran-span-new [suit of clothes],
— as yit in them He'd nut e'en bin to chutch, CLARK J. Noakes
(1839) 13.
[A brand of fire, forris, COLES (1679) ; As sparkle out
of the bronde, CHAUCER C. T. B. 2095 ; If J>ou a brand bar-
in wil cast, pe fire it haldes j>ar stedfast, Cursor M. (c. 1300)
2873. OE. brand (brand); cp. ON. brandr, a log for burning.]
BRAND, sb? Nrf. Suf. Dev. Also in form brawn
Dev.1 [braend.] The smut in corn, a blight making it
look as if scorched. Cf. bran.
e.An.1 e.Nrf. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1787). Suf. RAINBIRD
Agric. (1819) 289, ed. 1849. Dev.1 [GROSE (1790).]
Hence Brandy (brand(ed), adj. smutty, blighted.
e-An.1, Nrf.1 e.Nrf. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1787). Suf.' , Dev.1
[GROSE (1790).]
[Du. brand, smut, black, rust in corn, see HEXHAM (s.v.
Brandt) ; cp. G. brand, a disease in plants (SANDERS).]
BRAND, v. Obsol. Cor. To set up turves on end to
dry in the sun.
Cor. Called by Exmoor people ' to stool turves,' GROSE (1790)
MS. add. (H.) ; Cor.3 Still used occas. Peat, when offered for
sale, is said to have been ( carefully branded in dry weather.'
BRANDAED, see Branded.
BRANDAS, see Brandis.
BRANDED, adj. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Ken. Also
in forms brandaed S. & Ork.1 ; brandie(rt Sc. ; brandit
Nhb.1; brandy Ken.12; bran'it Abd. ; brannet N.I.1;
brannit Sc. ; brauny, brawny QAM.). [ bra'ndad. | Of
animals : brindled, of mixed colour, streaked, brown.
Sc. The broked cow and . . . the branded bull, Lads of Wamphray
in SCOTT Minstrelsy (ed. 1806) I. 278 ; In a brannit owse hide he
wasbuskit, JAMIESONPO/>. Ballads (1806) I. 298. S. & Ork.1 Abd.
A bran'it coo, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xliv. N.I.1, N.Cy.1
Nhb.1 ' A brandit slot ' is a beast of a mixed black and red colour.
n.Yks.1 Of a mixed red and brown colour, with some black hairs
among the red and brown ones, showing a cross in the breeding.
w.Yks.13, ne-Lan.1 Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken."
Hence Brandy (Brannie), sb. a brindled cow.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. C.) Rxb. (JAM.) Gall. (A.W.)
Ken. Dem two ole brandies (P.M.).
[They saw a branded serpent sprawl, CHAPMAN Iliad
(1611) xn. 217.]
BRANDER, sb. and v. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Lin. Nhp.
Also written brandire n.Cy. ; brandre n.Yks.2 ; brandur
(JAM.). Cf. brandise, brandreth.
1. sb. A gridiron.
Sc. A couple of fowls . . . reeking from the gridiron— or brander,
as Mrs. Dinmont denominated it, SCOTT Guy M. (1815) xxiv ;
And roasts to roast on a brander, RAMSAY Tea-Table Misc. (1724)
I. 87, ed. 1871 ; Also a toasting-fork (?), MACKAY. Inv. (H.E.F.)
Per. (G.W.) Gall. Burn me on the deil's brander, but I'll find
him out, CROCKETT Moss-Hags (1895) ix. N.I.1 Ant. Ballymena
Obs. (1892). N.Cy.1, n.Yks.2
2. A trivet, or framework on which to rest vessels over
the fire.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). n.Yks.1 w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl.
(Nov. 28, 1891) ; WATSON Hist. Hlfx. (1775) 532 ; w.Yks. «, Nhp.1
3. Comp. (i) Brander-bannock, a cake baked on the
gridiron ; (2) -iron, a gridiron.
(i) Sc. MACKAY. Abd. Called also simply Bannock, or Brander'd-
bannock (JAM.), (a) N.Cy.1
4. An andiron or dog ; a pair of which were used in an
open fireplace, to support the burning wood. w.Yks.1,
n.Lin.1
5. In pi. the supports of a corn-stack.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790).
6. A framework or support used in building, as founda-
tion or scaffolding. Gen. in pi.
Sc. Branders is now gen. applied to the trestles or supports of
a scaffold, &c. (JAM. Suppl.} Nhb.1 The piers or abutting part of
the foundations of a bridge which become visible when the water
is low.
7. A grating placed over the mouth of a drain or sewer.
Abd., Rxb. (JAM.) Per. (W.G.)
8. v. To broil or bake over the fire ; to be broiled.
Sc. I'll brander the moorfowl . . . brought in this morning, SCOTT
Waverley (1814) Ixiv. Frf. Leeby was at the fire brandering a
quarter of steak on the tongs, BARRIE Thrums (1889) iii. N.Cy.1,
n.Yks.12, m.Yks.1 w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 28, 1891).
Hence (i) Brandered, ppl. adj. cooked on a gridiron;
(2) Brandering, vbl. sb. cooking on a gridiron.
(i) Sc. A brandered fowl, SCOTT St. Ronan (1824) xxviii ; GROSE
(1790) MS. add. (C.) Slk. J.F.) n.Yks.2 (2) Edb. What an
insight into the secrets of roasting, brandering, frying, boiling, &c.,
MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) an.
9. To form a foundation or support in building, as
foundation for ceiling, framework for scaffolding, &c.
Sc. (JAM. Suppl.) Per. Esp. to fix transverse strips of wood in
making the foundation for a ceiling (G.W.). Gall. (A.W.)
Hence (i) Brandered, ppl. adj. of ceilings: having a
framework in addition to the joists ; (2) Brandering, sb.
scaffolding, or framework for panelling.
(i) Per. Brandered ceilings are made with a view to strength
(G.W.). (2) Sc. JAM. Suppl.) Per. Known only in joiners' trade
in this locality (G.W.). Gall. Obsol. The joists, in building, are
arranged in a form resembling that of the gridiron or ' brander '
(A.W.).
[1. A frying-pan, two branders, Inventory (1708) in
Dunbar's Social Life, 212 (DAV.). The word is a form of
obs. E. brand-iron. A brandiron, or posnet, chytra, BARET
(1580).]
BRANDERI, BRANDERY, BRANDHERD, see
Brandreth.
BRANDICE, see Brandis.
BRANDIED, see Branded.
BRANDING-DAY, sb. Nhp.1 A day for branding or
marking horses and cattle ; hence the day set apart for
opening the freemen's commons at Northampton.
BRANDIRE, see Brand, Brander.
BRAND-IRON, sb. n.Lin.1 Shr.1 A branding-iron for
branding cattle or farming stock.
BRANDIS(S, sb. Gmg. Pern. e.An. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor.
Also written brandas Pern. ; brandice e.An.1 Suf. Cf.
brander, brandreth. [brae-ndis.]
1. A three-legged iron stand used for supporting a pan
or kettle over the fire ; used also to support burning
brands.
Gmg. COLLINS Gouier Dial. (1850). Pern. JAGO Dial. (1882) loa.
s.Pem. Put the kiddle on the brandas (W.M.M.X Dor. There
BRANDLING
[377]
BRANG
was a great black crock upon the brandise, HARDY Madding
Crowd in Comh. Mag. (1874) 525 ; (C.V.G.) Som. W. & J. Gl.
(l873) ! JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825*1. w.Som.1 The
bran-dees [bran-deez] consists of a flat iron ring of about seven
inches diameter, into which are welded three straight legs so as
to support the ring horizontally at about a foot from the ground.
(No other name.) Dev.1 I've a got an iron porrige crock, a griddle,
a pair o' brandis. 46. n.Dev. An" auff tha brandis tak' tha crock,
ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. i. nw.Dev.1 Cor. A large open . . .
fireplace contained a brandiss, TREGELLAS Tales (1868) 95 ; Janey
took good care to cover the fire ; — Turn'd down the brandis on the
baking-ire, HUNT Pop. Rom. w.Eng. (1865) I. 80 ; Cor.12 w.Cor.
Put the kettle 'pon the brandis, THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) 2.
2. Comb, (i) Brandis-fashion, (2) -wise, forming a
triangular figure.
(i) e.An.1 Suf. Flowers planted brandice fashion (C.G.B.) ;
Used by an old gardener to denote the pattern in which he planted
knots of flowers, e.An. Dy. Times (1892). Dor. Trees, when
planted in rows, are ranged brandis-fashion or 'in each other's
opes' (O.P.C.). w.Som.1 Three poles set apart at the bottom, but
inclining so as to meet at the top, would be described as set up
brandis-fashion. Any triangular arrangement of pegs or sticks set
on end would also be thus described. ' 2) Dev. Spoken of three
things arranged at equal angles with each other, thus Y (R.P.CA
[1. It'm one paire of andirons, one paire of dogges and ij
brandizes, Inventory Exeter (1609) (w.Som.1). OE. brand-
isen. Andena, brandisen, Voc. MS. Cott. (c. 1080), in
Wright's Voc. (1884) 329.]
BRANDLING, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Lin.
Also Sus. Also in forms bramlin(g QAM.) n.Yks.1;
brandlin ne.Lan.1 n.Lin.1; branlin(g Cum^Wm.1 n.Yks.1
w.Yks.1; branlie (JAM.), [bra-nlin.]
1. A young salmon ; occas. a trout
Flf. (JAM.) N.Cy.1 Nhb. Lang Rothbury's streams for the
brandling, CHARNLEY Fisher's Carl. (1830) 5 ; Nhb.1 Cum.
HUTCHINSON Hist. Cum. (1794) I. 460 ; Cum.2, ne.Lan.1 Sus.
RAY (1691'! ; Now applied only to a small trout (E.E.S.). [Stat.
Viet. (1861) cix. § 4.]
2. Comp. Brandling-worm, a striped worm used in
trout-fishing.
Nhb.1 Also called the Dew-worm. Cum.1
3. A kind of red and yellow earthworm, found in manure
heaps, used for fishing.
Rxb. Also called Brammel-worm, Brammin (JAM.). N.Cy.1
Nhb. We'll tell where best the trouts were found, With brandling
or with fly, CHARNLEY Fisher's Garl. (1831) 5. Wm.1 n.Yks.1
They are of a bright red colour encircled with numerous yellow
rings, and give forth a thick yellow fluid, of rather an ill savour,
when touched ; n.Yks.8, w.Yks.1 Lin. Brandling, aliis Dew-worm
dictus, SKINNER (1671). n-Lin.1
4. In pi. : large peas of a brownish-yellow colour.
Nhb.' Used for ' carlins'.'
[3. A brandling (dew worm), Troctae piscis esca, COLES
(1679) ; The dew-worm, which some also call the lob-
worm, and the brandling, WALTON A ngleri 1653) (JOHNSON).]
BRANDON, sb. Nrf.1 A wisp of straw (s.v. Brand).
[Not known to our correspondents.]
[OFr. brandon,' paille tortillee placee au bout d'un baton'
(HATZFELD).]
BRAND RAUCHT, BRANDRAUTH, see Brandreth.
BRANDRE, see Brander.
BRANDRETH, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Der. Not. Lin Shr. Also in forms brandart Shr.1 ;
branderi w.Yks. ; brandery ne.Yks.1 w.Yks. ; brandherd
e. Yks.1 w.Yks.; brandraucht, brandrauth GAM.) ; brandre
w.Yks.5; brandrey w.Yks.; brandriff Not.2 n.Lin.1;
brandrith Nhb.1 Wm.1 w.Yks.35 Der.1 sw.Lin.1 ; brandry
nw.Der.1 ; brundrit Chs.1 ; brandut Shr.2 See Brander,
Brandis(s. [bra'ndrib.l
L. An iron framework placed over or before the fire, on
which to rest utensils in cooking.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). N.Cy.i, Nhb.1 Cum. (E.W.P.) ; LINTON
Lieeie Lorton (1867^ x» ; Cum.1 Wm. A dim coal smook'd within
the rim of a brandreth, HUTTON Bran New Wark (1785) 1. 379 ;
Wm.1, n.Yks.1 w.Yks. The bakstone ... is laid upon a frame
called the branderi. LucAsSW. Nidderdale(c. 1882) 18 ; w.Yks.' s<5
Lan.1, n.Lan. rW.S.1, ne.Lan.1, Chs.13 Der.1 Braan-dri, ; Der.2,
nw.Der.1 n.Lin.1
VOL. I.
2. An iron grating or brazier in which fire is kindled in
the open air.
Wm.1 Formerly used for the iron frame and grate supporting
a beacon fire. Hence, there is a place at the head ofWindermere
known as the Three-foot Brandrith. Still applied to the basket-
like fire-grates used out-of-doors, as in repairing pipes in streets.
3. Trestles or supports for tables, scaffolding, &c. ;
framework foundation for buildings, for panelling, &c.
Sc. MAM. Suppl.)
4. The framework supporting a stack of corn, consisting
usually of wooden beams resting upon pillars of stone.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) w.Yks.23«, Der.12, nw.Der.1
Not.2 Also called belfry; Not.3, s.Not. (J.P.K.), n-Lin.1 sw.Lin.1
The old brandriths were brick, with wood laid across.
5. A framework of beams resting upon the walls of a low
shed, upon which is built a stack of corn or beans to
serve as roof to the shed. w.Yks. (W.W.P.)
6. Obs. Four wooden or iron arms fixed into the throat
or ' boss' of a spindle, in a flour-mill.
Shr.1 Obs. What are called ' balance-irons ' have now superseded
the old brandarts ; Shr.2
7. The cross-timbers in a pit, to which the slides are
bolted. Cum. (J.A.)
8. A wooden frame upon which the brickwork of a well
is built.
ne-Yks.1, e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 28, 1891'.
9. Fencing placed around the mouth of a well.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (July n, 1896).
10. A grating placed over the entrance of a drain or
sewer. Abd., Rxb. (JAM.)
11. Comp. Brandreth-steann, a boundary stone at the
meeting of three townships or parishes. Cum.1
[1. A brandrith, a trevet or other iron to set a vessel on
over the fire, WORLIDGE (1681) ; They band ane brandreth
of irne, with mony grete stanis, to his crag, BELLENDEN
Livy (1533) 90 ; Item unum brandereth ferri, Nott. Rec.
(1482) II. 322. ON. brand-reid, a grate ; cp. MLG. brant-
rede (ScHiLLER-LiJBBEN) ; MHG. brantreite (LEXER). 6.
Ferre de Molines, mill rindes, inkes of mills, or mill
brandrets, HOLME Armory (1688) III. 342. 9. Brandrith,
a fence or rail about the mouth of a well, BAILEY (1721) ;
Wells . . . are compassed about with a brandrith, lest any
should fall in, HOOLE Commenius (1658), ed. 1672, Ixxiii.]
BRANDRE(Y, BRANDRIFF, BRANDRITH, BRAN-
DRY, see Brandreth.
BRANDS, sb. pi. Nhp.1 1. The pitch with which the
sheep was branded, clipped from the fleece by the
wool-sorter. 2. Comp. Brand-hole, the depository of
pitch and dirt from fleece-wool.
BRANDSTICKLE, sb. Or.I. The stickleback. See
Banstickle.
Or.I. The only name in use some years ago. Always pron.
brunstickle (J.G.).
BRAND-TAIL, sb. Yks. Der. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Also
in forms branter Hrf.2; bran-tail Yks. Wor. Shr.
[bra'n-, brae'n-tel.] The redstart, Ruticilla phoenicurus.
Yks. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 12. Der.2 Also called Firetail.
nw.Der.1 Wor. Berrows Jrn. (Mar. 10, 1888). s.Wor.1 Shr.
(W.H.Y.) ; Shr.1 The name Brand-tail has like allusion with Red-
start to the flame-coloured feathers in the bird's tail. Also
called Fiery-bran'-tail, Fire-bran'-tail ; Shr.2 Hrf.2 Also called
Kitty Brandtail.
BRANDUR, see Brander.
BRANDUTS, see Brandarts.
BRANDY, sb. In var. dial. uses. In comp. (i) Brandy-
bottle, Nuphar lutea, yellow water-lily; (2) -mazzard,
Prunus avium, wild cherry ; (3) -mint, Mentha piperita,
peppermint; (4) -snap, (a) Linaria vwlgaris, wild snap-
dragon ; (b) Stellaria holostea, stitchwort ; (5) -spinner,
a spirit merchant.
(i) Yks. Usually explained as alluding to the odour of the flowers,
but rather more probably from the shape of the seed-vessel.
Brks., e.An.1, Nrf.1, Sns., Wil.1 (2) Dev. (3"! Wm. (4, a) Sus.
(R.H.C.) ; (G.A.W.) (b) e.Sus. (5) Wm.1, w.Yks.1
BRANDY, see Branded.
BRANG, see Bring.
BRANGAM
[378]
BRANK
BRANGAM, sb. s.Pem. An inflammatory disease:
St. Anthony's Fire ; shingles.
s.Pem. John is laid up with the brangam (W.M.M.); LAWS
Little Eng. (1888)419.
BRANGE, see Brainge, Braunge.
BRANGLE, v. and sb. Sc. Cum. Lan. Der. Not. Lin.
Rut. Lei. Nhp. Hrf. Dev.
1. 1. v. To brandish ; to shake, vibrate.
Sc. John wrastled sair ; but as he brangled, DRUMMOND Mucko-
tttachy (18461 38.
Hence Branglant, adj. brandishing.
Ayr. In a branglant gait [manner] (JAM.).
2. To entangle, confuse.
Sc. If it [a proposal from the King] had come ... it might have
brangled this weak people, BAILLIE Letters (1775) I. 430 (JAM.).
n.Lin.L Lei.1 A [a preacher] brangles everything up so, yo cain't
mek top nor teel on it.
Hence (i) Brangled, ppl. adj. confused, entangled ; (2)
Branglement, sb. confusion, perplexity.
(i) n.Lin.1 You've gotten them things into sich a brangled mess.
Nhp.1 His accounts are so brangled I could make nothing of 'em.
A skein of silk or cotton that is very much entangled, and not
easily wound, is called a brangled mess, (a) Not. (J. H.B.) ; Not.1,
n.Lin.1, s.Lin. (T.H.R.\ Lei.1
8. sb. A tangle, confusion ; a confused crowd.
Sc. How theVe sparkin' along the side o' that green upwith,
an' siccan a braengel o" them too, St. Patrick (1819) II. 91 (JAM.).
Wgt. (A.W.) Not. (J. H.B.) ; Not.8 'E's got 'is books [accounts]
into a rare brangle.
II. 1. v. To quarrel or dispute.
Lan. DAVIES Races (1856) 273; Lan.1, Not.1 Lin. MILLER &
SKERTCHLY Fenland (1878) iv; SKINNER (1671). sw-Lin.1 They
got all brangled together. Rnt.1 Lei.1 They wur a-branglin' an'
a-janglin' yo moight a heerd em a moile off. Hrf. (W.W.S.)
Hence (i) Branglement, sb. quarrelling, disputation ;
(2) Brangler, sb. a quarrelsome person ; (3) Branglesome,
adj. quarrelsome ; (4) Brangling, vbl. sb. wrangling ; (5)
Brangling, ppl. adj. wrangling, disputatious.
(i) Lan. It wur as bonny a bit o' branglement as ever I clapt
een on, WAUGH Chimn. Corner (1874) 314, ed. 1893. sw.Lln.1
Don't let's have any branglement about it Hrf. (W.W.S.) (a)
Sc. Drawn into a quarrel by a rude brangler, SCOTT Monastery
U8ao) xxviii. (3) Der.*, nw.Der.1 4) Cum.1 Not., Lin. A'. & Q.
(1887) 7th S. iii. 357. (5) s.Not. It wor but a brangling affair
from first to last (J.P.K.).
2. sb. A quarrel, an altercation.
Lan.1 Dev. He got into a purty brangle wi' his mate . . . when
they pairted the money (R.P.C.).
[I. 1. Will the pillars be brangled because of the swarms
of flies that are about them ? LEIGHTON Wks. (1669), ed.
1844, 548 ; Concutio, to shake or brangle, DUNCAN Etym.
(1595) ; The schaft he ... branglis lustely, DOUGLAS
Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, iv. 99. Fr. bransler, to brandle,
shake, wave (COTGR.) ; OFr. branler (Ch. de Roland). II.
1. Noiser, to squabble, wrangle, brangle, COTGR.; Flesh
and bloud will brangle, And murmuring Reason with th'
Almighty wrangle, SYLVESTER Du Bartas (1598) (NARES).
(2) Altercateur, a brangler, contentious person, COTGR.
(4) A brangling knave, BURTON Anat. Mel. (1621) Pt. II.
sect. in. vii, ed. 1836, 421. 2. Brangle or quarrel,
KENNETT Gl. (1695), ed. 1816, 33.]
BRAN-GOOSE, see Brant.
BRAN'IT, see Branded.
BRANK, s*.1 Obs.l Yks.e.An. Buckwheat, Polygonum
fagopyrum.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (July n, 1896). e.An. RAY (1691) ;
GROSE (1790 ; e-An.1 Nrf.1 In some counties called ' crap.' e.Nrf.
MARSHALL Rur. Econ. 1787). Suf. RAINBIKD Agric. (1819) 289,
ed. 1849 ; Suf.1 Ess. Gl. (1851') ; Ess.1 In Wor. called ' crap.'
[Brank, Buck, or French-wheat, a summer grain,
delighting in warm land, WORLIDGE (1681) ; Count
peason or brank, as a comfort to land, TUSSER Husb.
(1580) 50. Cp. Fr. brance, bearded red wheat (COTGR.) ;
Lat. brance, 'vox Gallica qua significatur genus farris'
(PLINY N. H. bk. xvm. vii), HOLLAND (ed. 1634) I. 559.]
BRANK, si.2 Suf. The bracken fern, Pteris aqmlina.
(C.T.) ; (C.G.B.)
BRANK, sb? and v.1 Obsol. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks.
Lan. Chs.
1. sb. In //. A kind of bridle for horses ; a halter for
horses or cows when tethered.
Sc. Wi' branks and brecham on each mare, SCOTT Minstrelsy
(1802) II. 80, ed. 1848; Often used by country people in
riding. Instead of leather, it has on each side a piece of wood
joined to a halter, to which a bit is sometimes added; but more
freq. a kind of wooden noose resembling a muzzle (JAM.). Abd.
Leuks gin the branks be sicker o"n their [the cows'] heads, STILL
Cottar (1845) 18. Ayr. Wi' braw new branks in mickle pride,
My Pegasus I'm got astride, BURNS To W. Chalmers. Uls.
(M. B.-S.) Don. I put the branks on Tom an' took him to the water,
BLACK Fib-Medicine (1883) vi. Nhb.1, N.Cy.1 Cum. We used to
tak yen o' the naigs, and just clap the branks on his head, DICKEN-
SON Cumbr. (1876) 28; Cum.1
2. An instrument of punishment used for scolds, or for
witches. See below. Gen. in pi.
Sc. The party was handed over to the beadle for punishment
in the ' jougs ' or ' branks ' at the church door on Sunday morning,
DICKSON Kirk Beadle (1893) a6. Abd. (JAM.) Frf. Within these
few years an iron bit was preserved in the steeple of Frf., for-
merly used . . . for torturing unhappy creatures who were accused
of witchcraft. It was called The Witch's Branks (#.). N.Cy.1
Nhb. There was branks wi sharp progs, doon yor thropple to
gan, ROBSON Evangeline (1870) 369 ; Nhb.1 At Morpeth, it occurs
in use in 1741. Yks. I'll go ; you're a woman, and branks are
oot of fashion noo— mair's the pity, FETHERSTON Farmer, Pref.
Lan. A withered female face wearing the brank or scold's bridle,
HARLAND & WILKINSON Leg. (1873) 166. Chs.1 The brank con-
sisted of a framework of iron, a sort of skeleton helmet, which
was locked upon the head. At the front was a gag, which was
placed in the woman's mouth. This gag was sometimes simply a
piece of smooth iron ; but in many cases it was armed with sharp
points, or knife blades, so that if the culprit attempted to speak
the gag was sure to inflict serious wounds upon the tongue.
There was frequently a chain attached to the front of the brank,
by means of which the woman could be led through the streets as
a warning to others, or by which she could be fastened to a hook
in the wall until she promised to behave better in the future ;
Chs.3
3. In pi. A game resembling ' Aunt Sally.' Obs.
Cnm. ' Neddy wi' t'branks' was played at fairs (J.P.); Cum.1
Called also ' hit my legs and miss my pegs.'
4. v. To put a bridle or restraint on anything.
Wgt. Still sometimes used (A.W.). N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
[1. When wanton Yaud has cast her rider . . . Under her
feet she gets her branks, STUART Joco-Serious Discourse
(1686) 27 (Nhb.1). Cp. Du. prange. Een prange der
paerden, a horse-mussle (HEXHAM) ; MLG. prange, ' Maul-
klemme, aus einem Holze bestehend, die wilden Pferden
angelegt wird ' (SCHILLER-LUBBEN). From the Eng. word
comes Gael, brang (MACBAIN). 2. In the records of the
Kirk Session at Stirling for 1600, 'the brankes' are
mentioned as the punishment for a shrew, CHAMBERS
Bit. of Days, I. 212 ; Paide for caring a woman throughe
the towne for skoulding, with branks, 40"., Munic. Accts.
Newcastle, Apr. 1595 (Nhb.1). For further details for the
brank as a mode of punishment see Chs.1]
BRANK, v?- and sb* Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Also Sus.
Written bronk Sus.1 [brank.]
1. v. To stand erect, hold up the head in a constrained
and affected manner ; to prance.
Fif. Ilk tirlie-wirlie mawment bra, That had for cent'ries ane or
twa, Brankit on pillar or on wa', Cam' tumblin' tap-owr-tail,
TENNANT Papistry (1827) aoo. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Cum. He's brankan
like a steg swan, CAINE Hagar (1887) I. 38 ; Cum.1, n.Yks 3
Hence (i) Branked, ppl. adj. proud, vain ; (2) Brankie,
adj. gaudy, finely dressed ; (3) Brankin, //>/.«#. prancing;
lively, showy.
(i) Sc. MACKAY. Abd. (JAM.) Dmf. The brankit lads o' Gallowa,
CROMEK Nithsdale Sng. (1810) 97. (a) Feb., Fif. JAM.) Ayr.
Where hae ye been sae brankie, O ? BURNS Killiecrankie. Gall.
Esp. applied to one who is gaudy with ruffles, collars, &c. (A.W.)
(3) Sc. Methinks I see an English host, A-coming branken us
upon, HERD Sngs. (1776) Ottenburn ; Donald came branking down
the brae Wi' twenty thousand men, SCOTT Antiquary (1816) xl.
Frf. Twa brankin' chiel's cam' in the gaet, LAING Wayside Firs.
(1846) 104. Fif. On his brankin' steed, TENNANT Papistry (1837)
BRANK-NEW
[379]
BRASH
77. Lnk. This day her brankan wooer tak's his horse, RAMSAY
Gentle Shep. (1725; V. ii.
2. sb. A prance, toss of the head.
Sus. ' I wol cum agen certain sure,' sed de gal wud a bronk as
she backwent, JACKSON Southward Ho (1894) I. 200; Sus.1 She
didn't choose to see me, so she just gave a bronk and passed on.
[The stampand stedis . . . Apon thar strait born
bndillis brankand fast, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513). ed. 1874,
iv. 5=; ; Brankkand stedez, Morte Arth. (c. 1420) 1861.
Cp. MHG. brangen (prangen). ' prahlen, sich zieren'
(LEXER).]
BRANK-NEW, adj. Sc. Quite new. Cf. brand,
brent.
Sc. The tight lads of yeomen with the brank new blues and the
buckskins, SCOTT St. Ronan (1824) ii.
[For brank as a variant of brand -we may compare ME.
brank (OF. branc), a sword-blade, the same word as brand
(a sword). His braunk of stele, CAXTON Sonnes of Aymon
(c. 1489) 81.]
BRANKS, sb. pi. Sc. [branks.] The mumps.
Sc. RAMSAY Remin. (1860) 115, ed. 1892. s.Sc. This disease seems
to receive its name from its compressing the parts, as the chops
of a horse are compressed by the branks he wears. This appears
to be the same disease called the buffets (JAM.\ Ayr. What wi'
the pocks and the branks, there's been sic a smasherie amang the
bits o' weans, SERVICE Notandums (1890) 4. Gall. (A.W.)
[Mumps, or branks, is a contagious inflammation of the
parotis, DARWIN Zoon. (1794), eel. 1802, III. 365 (N.E.D.).]
BRANKS, see Cranks.
BRANLIE, BRANLIN(G, see Brandling.
BRANN(E, see Brawn.
BRANNET, BRANNIE, see Branded.
BRANNIGAN, sb. Cum.2 A fat, puffy, infant boy.
BRANT, sb. Nrf. Hmp. Also written bran- Hmp.1
[brant.] The smallest species of wild goose, the brent-
goose, Bernicla brenta ; also in comp. Bran-goose.
Nrf. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 149. Hmp.1
[Geese and brants or the female barganders, HOLLAND
Pliny (1601) I. 301; The brant-goose, brenta, COLES
(1679).]
BRANT, adj. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Lin. Cf.
brent, brunt, [brant.]
1. Steep, high ; applied to a hill, or to the forehead.
n.Cy. (K.) ; N.Cy.1 ; N.Cy.2 As brant as the side of a house.
Nhb. GROSE (1790); Nhb.1 Cum. Found often in place-names:
Branthwaite (J.Ar.). Wm. Ye'll find it a lang way an' varra
brant, BRIGGS Remains (1835) 107 ; Wm.1 n.Yks. Varra near as
brant as a hoos-side (W.H.) ; n.Yks.1; n.Yks.2 The brantest part
of the road ; n.Yks.8, ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. Of one who has a high
forehead it is said, ' His broo's varry brant,' NICHOLSON Flk-Sp.
(1889) 17; e-Yks.1, m-Yks.1 w.Yks. 'Tis a varra brant hill,
LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) 238 ; w.Yks.1 Lang Rig brow is
seea brant, at they're foarced to stang th' cart, ii. 286. Lan.
[They] raac'd up t'brow saa rough and brant, HARLAND &
WILKINSON Flk-Lore (1867) 60; Lan.1 n.Lan. Dhatfild'sauarbrant
far kartin' on (W.S.) ; n.Lan.1, ne.Lan.1, n-Lin.1
Hence (i) Brantish, adj. hilly and toilsome ; (2) Brant-
ness, sb. steepness. n.Yks.2
2. Erect ; hence proud, pompous, vain, forward.
N.Cy.1 Applied to a game cock. Nhb.1 Cum. Up steiid Dick,
brant an' streight, RICHARDSON Talk (1886) 166. Wm. He stood
as brant as a bantam cock (B.K.). n.Yks. He rides as brant as an
acorn (I.W.) ; n.Yks.1 e.Yks. He walks as brant as a pismire [red
ant], NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 17. w.Yks. As brant and lissom
as a poplar tree, MUNBY Verses (1865) 64. Lin. STREATFEILD Lin.
and Danes (1884) 318. n.Lin.1
[A man may sit on a brante hill side, ASCHAM Toxoph.
(J544) 56 (NARES). OE. bront (brant); cp. Sw. brant,
steep ; Norw. dial, bratt (AASEN) ; ON. brattr.}
BRAN-TAIL, see Brand-tail.
BRANTEN, adj. Dor. Courageous, bold, audacious.
Dor. Gl. (1851) ; Dor.1 Not branten, nar spitevul, nar wild, 244.
[OCor. brentyn, noble, M.Wei, breenhyn, a king, STOKES
Com. Gloss, in Trans. Phil. Soc. (1870).]
BRANTER, see Brand-tail.
BRANTITIS, see Brown-Titus.
BRANTLE, v. Yks. To square the shoulders in
walking.
w.Yks. Shoo went dahn t'tahn, brantling like a militia (M.F.).
[A dial. pron. of brankle, freq. of brank (vb.z 1).]
BRARE, see Briar.
BRASE, see Breeze.
BRASH, s*.1 and v.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. [bra/, brae/.]
1. sb. A sudden outburst, tumult; anything done with
great gusto or show.
Wm. He went at it wi' seek a brash (B.K.). w.Yks. (R.H.H.)
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873).
2. A sudden gust of wind, a spell of wet weather ; also
used _/5g: a storm.
Sc. He got the first brash at Whit Sunday put ower wi' fair
words, SCOTT Redg. (1824) Lett, xi ; A brash o' thunder, COBBAN
Andaman ( 1895) xxxviii. Bnff.1 Ant. It's a brash afore a shoor [of
laughter before crying], Ballymena Obs. (1892). Nhb.1 Snaw brash.
Hence Brashy, adj. stormy, gusty, wet.
Sc. We brush'd the bent, thro' mony a speat O' braushie weather,
NICOL Poems (1805) I. 114 UAM.) ; MACKAY (1888). Nhb.1 ' This
wet weather myeks the wettor fair brashy ' — referring to its con-
dition for fishing.
3. A spell or turn of work, esp. a turn at churning.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Lth. Many a sair brash it cost
them, afore the butter cam' (JAM.). N.I.1 Gi'e the churn brash.
Nhb.1 Noo, maa lass, aa'll gie ye a brash. Cum.1 Kursty, come
kurn a brash.
4. The stroke of the dasher of a milk-churn.
Wm.1 Lakel. ELLWOOD (1895).
5. A short but severe attack of illness; bodily indisposi-
tion of any kind.
Sc. Commonly used to denote the slight ailments of children.
We speak of ' a brash of the teeth,' when teething (.JAM.) ; GROSE
(1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Gin she had ta'en a sudden brash, SCOTT
Minstrelsy (1802) 308, ed. 1839. Ayr. Fell source o' monie a pain
an' brash, BURNS Sc. Drink (1786) 15 ; The precentor must have
taken a brash o' sickness during the service, JOHNSTON Kilmallie
(1891) II. 18. N.I.1 Uls. I have got over that brash (M.B.-S.).
Ant Ballymena Obs. (1892). Dwn. (C.H.W.) ; KNOX Hist. Dwn.
(1875). s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890). Cav. Yon old woman has
had a sore brash (M.S.M.). Nhb. GROSE (1790). [U.S.A. TV. & Q.
(1870) 4th S. vi. 249.]
Hence Brash, adj. sickly, in poor health.
[Amer. Dial. Notes (1895) 384.]
6. A rash or eruption on the skin.
Nhb.1 He's aal come oot iv a brash, like mizzles. w.Yks.2, Lan.1,
ne.Lan.1, n-Lin.1 Shr.1 The child's got a brash on 'im like as if 'e
wuz nettled. Cor.12
7. A rising of acid or acrid liquid into the mouth from
the stomach.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Known as ' the waiter brash.' n.Yks.1 Also
called 'water- springs.' w.Yks. WiLLANii's/ Wds. (1811). e.An.1,
Nrf.1, Snf. (F.H.)
8. v. To assault, attack ; to bruise, break the bones.
Sc. Whose breast did beare, brash't with displeasure's dart,
MORE True Crucifix (1629) 195 JAM.). Dmf. Used by angry
persons when threatening children (<&.).
9. To churn.
Dwn. Very much used here, although not without the word
'churn' expressed or understood (A.J.I.). s.Don. SIMMONS Gl.
(1890).
10. To display great activity or vigour ; to stir.
Wm. He was brashin' aboot t'fauld bi fower o'clock iv'ry
moornin'. What foo is thoo brashin' thi coffee aboot like that ?
(B.K.)
[1. A suddane brashe of weir of Inglismen and
Italianis, DALRYMPLE Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1596) II. 308.
8. With gretter diligence and force thay brashe the walis
now than afor, id. 310.]
BRASH, sb.2 and adj.1 Var. dial, uses in Irel. and in
n. and midl. counties in Eng. [braj, brae/.]
1. sb. The valueless clippings of hedges ; small branches,
twigs, underwood.
Wm.1 Cut doon that brash fer t'fire. n-Yks.1 Gan an' mak' a
bleeze, bairns, wiv thae hedge-clippings and brash. e.Yks.1
w.Yks.1 Our — chimla — s seea smoored up wi mull an brash, ii. 285 ;
w.Yks.5 Ah aant time to mend that gap i' t'hedge to-daay,so we'll
3C2
BRASH
[380]
BRASS
cram it wi' brash. Chs.13, s.Chs.1, Stf. (H.K.), s.Not. (J.P.K.),
n.Lin.', e.Lln. (G.G.W.), Lei. (C.E.) War. (J.R.W.) ; War.8 The
branches too small to go into faggots were brash. There are no
faggots left to heat the oven in the morning and you must get me
some brash. Wor. (H.K.) ; (J.W.P.) Shr.1 The Maistersoud me
the brash off two ash trees for ten shillin' ; Shr.2 Glo. (S.S.B.)
Oxf.i MS. add. e.An.1, Nrf.1
Hence Brashment, sb. underwood, refuse branches
or clippings ; rubbish.
Wm.1 Thraa that brashment ta t'dure. w.Yks. (C.W.H.) ;
w.Yks.1 Lan. I fell fere o' me back i' th' midst uth' brashment,
PAUL BOBBIN Sequel (1819) 14. ne.Lan.1
2. Rubbish, refuse of any kind ; mingled fragments of
coal and driftwood. Also usedyfg;
Ir. Raw eggs do be ugly could brashes, BARLOW Lisconnel (1895)
61. Dur.1 Wm.1 They're nowt bit brash. n.Yks.1 Thae taties's
a' brash tegither. There's niwer a guid yan amangst 'em ; n.Yks.2,
ne.Yks.1, m.Yks.1, w.Yks. (J.T.)
3. Comp. (i) Brash-heap, the pile of garden branches
and rubbish kept for burning; (2) -rubbish, the fuel
obtained from the beach in Whitby harbour, where a
mixture of small coal, chips, &c., is deposited by the tide ;
(3) -wood, brushwood.
(i, a) n.Yks.2 (3) w.Yks. LUCAS Stud. NidderdaU (c. 1882) 238.
4. Light, stony soil ; small stones, &c.
Hrf. (W.W.S.) ; Hrf.2 Glo. GROSE 11790) MS. add. (H.) ;
(A.B.) ; Glo.2 [U.S.A., Phil. N. & Q. (1870) 4th S. vi. 249.]
5. Nonsense, worthless talk.
Lin. STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes (1884) 319. n.Lin ' Hohd
yer brash. s.Lin. (T.H.R.)
6. adj. Brittle.
Not. (J.P.K.), n.Lin.1 [U.S.A., Pen. ' Brash ' is common in the
interior of the State for ' brittle,' applied to timber, N. & Q. (1870)
4th S. vi. 249. N.Y. It is often applied to vegetables. ' These
radishes are brash,' BARTLETT (1859).]
BRASH, adj.2 and v* Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Also Hmp.
I.W. [braj, bra?/.]
1. adj. Rash, impetuous, hasty ; reckless.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.', Cnm.1 w.Yks. (D.L.) ; w.Yks.1 What a brash
raggald ! ii. 306. Lan.1 n.Lan. Hi's far auar brash ta be siaf
(W.S.) ; n.Lan.1 I.W.2 Don't 'ee be too brash wi' that staff hook.
2. v. To do anything hastily or rashly ; to run head-
long at.
Nhb. GROSE (1790). Cum. Fadder leuk't parlish grousome like,
an' efter a bit he brash'd off, Willy Wattle (1870) 3 ; Alison brashed
off an' said a lang rigmarole, DALBY Mayroyd (1880) III. 94, ed.
1888. w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781). Lan. Th' felle . . .
gloourt . . . weh aw th' een in his yead, when ut e brash'd thro'
th' hedge, PAUL BOBBIN Sequel (1819) 22. ne.Lan.1
Hence (i) Brash, sb. (a) a rush with great impetus
against anything ; (b) an impetuous person ; (2) Brashan',
ppl. adj. rushing, impetuous, headlong.
(i) ne.Lan.1 (2) Cum.' He's a brashan' body and runs heid
and neck still.
3. To spill, upset.
Hmp. Carry t'jug steady, lass, or yow'll brash t'milk over
(W.M.E.F.).
BRASH, adj.3 Brks. Wil. [braej, n.Wil. also brej.]
Of weather, climate : cold, bracing. Cf. brash, sb.1 2.
Brks. She found the air o' the Downs too brash (A.C.). Wil.1
BRASH-BREAD, sb. Gall. (JAM.) Bread made of a
mixture of rye and oats. Cf. brashloch.
BRASHCOURT, sb. Chs.13 A horse foaled with his
fore-legs bent.
[Brassicourt or brachicourt, a horse whose fore-legs
are naturally bended arch-wise ; being so called by way
of distinction from an arched horse, whose legs are bowed
by hard labour, Sportman's Diet. (ed. 1785). Fr. brassi-
court (in Furet (1690) brachicourt}, 'en parlant d'un
cheval, qui a le genou arque par vice de conformation '
(HATZFELD).]
BRASHING, prp. Obsol. w.Yks.1 Preparing ore for
' bucking' by hand, or grinding by a machine.
BR ASHLING, sb. m.Yks.1 |>ra'Jlin.] A weakling,
used of a child or animal. Cf. brashy, adj.
BRASHLOCH, sb. Sc. A crop of mixed oats and rye
or barley and rye.
Gall. In place of winter rye, the farmers often sow in spring a
mixture of rye and oats, provincially termed brashloch, Agric.Surv
123 (JAM.).
BRASHY, adj. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also
written braishy Glo.1 se.Wor.1 [brae ji, also bre'Ji.]
1. Weakly, delicate in constitution, subject to frequent
ailments. Cf. brashling.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Cum.' n-Yks.1 She's nobbut a brashy body ; she's
maist alla's i' t'ane ailment or t'ither. Nhp.1
2. Of inferior quality, small, .rubbishy, esp. applied to
small sticks, &c.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) Suppl. n.Yks.1 ' Puir brashy bits o' things,'
applied to a sample of potatoes, &c., poor in size and quality; n.Yks.2
ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788;; e.Yks.1 n.Lin.
This is strange brashy stuff, this kindling (M.P.). sw.Lin.1 Those
birk kids are so brashy. They're brashy stuff, but they do for
stack-steddling and bake-oven heating. s.Wor. Used of small
things of any kind, coal, potatoes, fruits, &c. (H.K.)
3. Of land : overgrown with rushes, twigs, &c.
Abd. O'er brashy linn, o'er meadow fine, THOM Rhymes (1844)
143. e-An.1, Nrf.1 Dor. BARNES Gl. (.1863).
4. Having branches, woody.
se.Wor.1 s. Wor. Thot opple-tree be despret braishy (H.K.).
5. Full of small stones and grit.
Hrf.2 Glo. Soil with many small limestone fragments is called
brashy ground (S.S.B.); MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863); GROSE
(1790) MS. add. (H.) Hmp. The gravelly places in a field are
called brashy (H.C.M.B.); Hmp.1 Wil.* ' Th' vier wer ter'ble
braishy 'smarnin',' the coal was bad and stony. [LISLE Husbandry
('757)-]
6. Said of soft stone : crumbling. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
7. Dry, dusty, broken up.
War.3 Land is said to be brashy when it is dry and dusty.
s.Wor. The ground is quite brashy from the long frost ^H.K.).
8. Applied to beer which tastes mild and hard. Also
to mealy potatoes.
Glo. Beer made with hard water is called ' brashy ' as a term of
reproach (H.S.H.) ; Glo.1
BRASS, sb. and v. Gen. dial, use in Sc. and Eng.
1. sb. Obs. or obsol. Copper money, half-pence.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) Dur.1 Cum. Obs. When he
was about the heeght o' six penn'orth o' brass (M.P.). n.Yks.1
Thee'll want a hau'p'ny back. Ah's feared Ah's nae brass. e.Yks.
MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788). Chs.8 s.Chs.1 A shillin's woth
[worth] o' brass. n.Stf. (J.T.) Stf.1; Stf.2 Obs. Der.1, Nhp.1
War. B'ham Wkly. Post (June 10, 1893) ; War.128 Shr.1 ' I've
lugged two five-shillin' papers o' brass all the way to Sosebry ; it
swags me down.' The brass thus spoken of was the heavy copper
money of the reign of Geo. Ill, ' two five-shillin' papers ' of which
would weigh seven and a half Ibs. Hrf.1 Sixpence silver and
five pennyworth of brass.
2. Money, riches, property. In gen. colloq. use.
Rnf. Your brass will buy me a new pan [a second husband j,
BARR Poems (1861) 12. Kcd. Aul" Francie's brass Bocht Nanny
a new pan, GRANT Lays (1884; 31. N.Cy.1 Nhb. He paid us
wor brass, MIDFORD Coll. Sngs. (1818) 29 ; Nhb.1, Dur.1 Cum.
Nowder brass nor credit hed he, RICHARDSON Talk (1871) 43, ed.
1876 ; Butter brass is the money earned by the sale of the butter
and eggs — strictly the perquisites of the farmer's wife (J.Ar.) ;
Cum.8 Gettin mair brass oot o' t'oald jolly-jist, 10. Wm. To addle
brass (E.C.) ; Sic a wasting o' brass, what wi' silks an' wi' sattens,
Spec. Dial. (1880) pt. ii. 29 ; Wm.1 n.Yks.1 Thay've lots o' brass :
they w'olly stinks ov it ; n.Yks.2 Flush o' brass. Scant o' brass.
Odd brass, spare capital ; n.Yks.a ne.Yks.1 He's addled a deal o'
brass. e.Yks.1 Hez tha getten ony brass I' thy cleeas ? m.Yks.'
w.Yks. As free threu [from] brass as a toad threu feathers, Prov.
in Brighouse News (Aug. 10, 1889); w.Yks.12; w.Yks.8 A beggar
used to say, ' Honley for brass, Fairnley for mail [meal], Oambury
for nowt ' ; w.Yks.5 Lan. Hoo'd every inch o' wood i' th' shop
chalked o'er once for. brass ut wur owin', BRIERLEY Marlocks
(1866; iv ; Lan.1, m.Lan.1, Chs.1 s.Chs.1 Ey maarid u praafi ruk
u braas wi iz fost weyf [Hey married a pratty ruck o' brass wi' his
fost weife]. Stf.12 Der. They just itch to ha' hold on't brass,
Wkly. Telegraph i^Dec. 12, 1894) ; Der.2, nw.Der.1, Not.12, n.Lin.1,
Lei.' w.Som.1 Kaa'n due ut, t-1 kau-s tu muuch braa's [I cannot
do it, it will cost too much brass].
3. Used attrib. in comp. (i) Brass-face, a brazen-faced,
shameless person ; (2) -farden, a copper, anything of no
value ; (3) -fettler, a money-lender ; (4) -jackass, see
BRASSANT
below ; (5) -knocker, the remains of a feast, meal ; (6)
•later, a fortune-hunter.
(i) e.Yks.1 (2) w.Yks. I don't care a brass farden, LUCAS Stud.
Nidderdale (c. 1882) 239. Stf.2 Foiv pun far a brokn windid nag
loik Sat ? Wei, oi wudna gi Si a bras fardin far ar. War.3 Oxf.1
Ghent [it is not] wuth a brass farden, MS. add. Brks.1 (3) n.Yks.2
Wheeas t'brass-fettler? [who supplies the means?] (4) Lan.
Enow to freeze the tail off a brass jackass, BURNETT Haworths
(1887) i. (5) Slang. FARMER. \N. & Q. (1878) 5th S. x. 34, 77.]
(6) n.Yks.2
4. //. Iron pyrites found mixed with coal.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. Black and grey stone mixed with
brasses, Borings (1881) II. 4 ; GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
Dur. (J.J.B.) w.Yks.5 \_Gl. Lab. (1894).]
Hence Brassy, adj. containing iron pyrites.
Nhb.1 The coal has the reputation of being in parts brassy, MILLER
Geol. Survey Mem. (1887) 33. Nhb., Dur. Coal, stony, coarse,
brassy, Borings (1881) II. 253.
5. Cotnp. (i) Brass-band, a layer of iron pyrites; (2)
•lump, iron pyrites.
(i) Nhb.1 (2) ib. w.Yks. (J.T.)
6. Impudence, assurance, audacity. Cf. brassy, adj.
Nhb.1 Cum. Thou's mair brass i' thy feace nor thou hes i' thy
pocket (M.P.) ; Cum.1 n.Yks.1 He's brass enew for owght : he'd
ex t'Queen t'coom by, if iwer she war in 's road; n.Yks.2
ne.Yks.1 Deean't gie ma neean o' yer brass. s.Yks. They'n brass
enuff e ther cheeks, BYWATER Shewrild Ann. (1853) 24. Lan.
I must have had as much brass in my face as in my pocket to sit down
cheek-by-jowl wi' grand folks, BANKS Manch. Man. (1876) xliii.
Chs.1 n.Lin.1 Charlie's brass eniff for oht ; wheareiver he goas he
mun be th' very fo'st man. War.3 Let me have none of your
brass. Shr.1 'Er's got a face as big as a warmin'-pon, an' as much
brass in it ; Shr.2 w.Som.1 Moo'ur braa's een dhee fae'us-n dhee-s
u-gaurt een dhee pau'gut [more brass in thy face than thou hast
in thy pocket]. Slang. He has plenty of brass. If Joe could
borrow a little of his friend's impudence, LEON Martins (1872) I. x ;
Then the brass forsook his forehead, And the iron fled his soul,
CALVERLEY Verses (1862) 86.
7. In phr. Brass nor benedition, destitute, forlorn.
n. Yks. (T.S.) ; n.Yks.2 ' I've nowtherbrass nor benedition,' neither
money nor any other blessing (s.v. Cross nor Coin).
8. v. With prep, up : to pay what is owing.
e.Yks. Well known. Noo, then, Mattha, neean o' thi gammon,
brass up like a man (J.N.) ; (G.C.) ; e.Yks.1
BRASSANT, see Brazened.
BR ASSEN, adj. War. Glo. Made of brass.
War.2 Of a bold woman : She's had the brassen skimmer
rubbed over her face. Glo.1
BRASSEN, see Brust.
BRASSEY, sb. Sc. A golf-club; applied gen. to all
clubs shod with brass on the sole, intended for playing
off a hard surface, &c., which would be liable to injure an
ordinary wooden club.
n.Sc. (W.G.) Abd. i^W.M.) Flf. Did ye say gowff! ... I only
need a putter, cleek and brassy, and can mak' the sticks mysel',
M«LAREN Tibbie ( 1894; 83.
BRASS-EYED POKER DUCK, sb. phr. Yks. [Not
known to our correspondents.] The tufted duck, Fuligula
cristata.
Yks. In ref. to the brilliant golden yellow of the eye, JOHNS
Brit. Birds (1862).
BRASSIC, see Brassock.
BRASSING IN, prp. w.Yks.2 [Not known to our
correspondents.] Acting vigorously.
BRASSOCK, sb. Yks. Also in form bazzocks
n.Yks.2 ; brassic ne.Yks.1 ; brazzpck n.Yks.2 [bra'zak,
bra'sak.] The wild mustard, Sinapis arvensis. Also
called Charlock, Runch (q.v.).
Yks. (H.W.) n.Yks. (T.S.) ; n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1 Wa a'e been
pullin' brazzies. e.Yks. Called also Ketlocks. ' A brassock year,
a tonnap year," Folk-saw, NICHOLSON Flk-Lore (1890) 122 ; e.Yks.1
Hence Brassocking, vbl. sb. weeding out brassocks or
wild mustard.
e.Yks.1 Ah's gyin abrassockin i' Maysther Craven's twenty-acre.
[Lat. brassica (see n.Yks.2 s.v. Runch).]
BRASSOCKS, sb. Lan. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] A term of uncomplimentary address.
Lan. ' Here, owd brassocks ! ' shouted the farmer to his wife,
SRIERLEY Cast upon World 1886) 285.
BRAT
BRASSY, sb. Yks. Also in form brasses, [bra'si.]
A game played with round pieces of iron or brass, which
are ' pitched ' or thrown.
e.Yks. Always called ' brasses ' (J. N. ;. w.Yks. Somewhat similar
to quoits, but played at a range of about four or five yards only,
and known as brassy playing (J.T.) ; (B. K.)
BRASSY, adj. Nhb. Chs. Stf. War. Shr. [bra'si,
brae-si.]
1. Bold, shameless; lively, forward. Also used to express
affection. Cf. brass, sb. 6.
Nhb.1 Principally applied to young people of an active but
presumptive turn. 'A brassy callant.' s.Chs.1 Stf.2 A mother
while smothering her little one with kisses, will say, ' You brasi
litl madam, oi'l giv it ya.' s.Stf. Her's a imprint brassy young
huzzy, PINNOCK Blk. Cy.Ann. (1895). War.2 Shr.1 That's a brassy,
impudent young scoundrel.
2. Cotnp. Brassy-faced, brazen-faced. Chs.1
BRASSY-BED, sb. Dor. A bed of good ' new vein '
stone in Swanage quarries. (C.W.)
BRAST, v. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
[brast.]
1. To burst ; to fill to repletion.
Yks. An' noo sheea'll be fair brasted wi' pride, MACQUOID Doris
Barugh (1877) xviii. w.Yks. Aw could drink this stuff till awre
fit to brast (D.L.) ; T'cabbages'll brast if they're noSn cut (F.P.T.);
w.Yks.1 ; w.Yks.5 It gar hoater an' hoater an' hoater, then it
brasted. Lan. A boiler plate has brasted, WESTALL Birch Dene
(1889) III. 10 ; Lan.1 Laughin' fit to brast their soides, LAHEE
Betty o' Yep (1865) 10. e.Lan.1 Chs. Eh, surs, I wud I had aught
to brast ye wi' (s.v. Brash), BROCKETT Gl. ; Chs.13
Hence Brast, sb. a gathering.
w.Yks. Soft soap's good fur a brast (F.P.T.).
2. Prel. Tense.
Sc. Clatterin hooves and busteous taunts Brast on their starlit
ear, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads (1806) I. 245. Fif. Out at the Dortour-
door, fu' fast, Hurry-scurry, they birr'd and brast, Wi' blastin' and
wi' puffin', TENNANT Papistry (1827) 207. N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Did ony-
body iwer get drunk on yer smaall beer, hinny ? — Hostess : Na ;
but there was twee that brast. Dur.1 Cum. An' oot fra't brast a
thunnerclap, RICHARDSON Talk (1871) 17, ed. 1876; Cum.1 Wm.
T'justices brast oot i' sweeals a laftre, Spec. Dial. (1877) pt. i. 15 ;
Wm.1 n.Yks. T'frost was so keen it brast watter-tub (W.H.) ;
n.Yks.2 e.Yks. He ran full butt at deear an brast it oppen,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 55 ; e.Yks.1 w.Yks. He went to see
a boiler and it brast, T. Toddle's Aim. (1866); w.Yks.13; w.Yks.s
Ower full an' it brast. Lan. He brast hissel wi lowfin, STATON
Loominary,i$. n.Lan.1 Chs. He brast th' waistband of his breeches,
CROSTON Enoch Crump (1887) 8.
3. Pp. (i) Brast, (2) Brasten. Chs.13
4. To start off, to begin ; to make haste ; gen. used with
prep. off.
w.Yks.2 Now, then, brast. Lan. Come, brast off wi thi tale,
WOOD Hum. Sketches, 19 ; Lan.1
[1. His heart, I wis, was near to brast, Heir of Linne,
in Percy's Reliques, ed. Wheatley, II. 143 ; The fyry
sparkis brastyng fra his ene, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513), ed.
1874, iv. 81. ME. bresten, OE. berstan, to burst. 2. What
sighs and groans brast from Christian's heart, BUNYAN
P. P. (1678) 73; The fyre ... in blasis brast, BARBOUR
Bruce (1375) iv. 129.]
BRASTLE, sb. Sc. A push, an encounter.
Sc. [Of a horse] : A real deevil, sir, at a brastle wi' a brae,
WILSON Tales of Border (1836) II. 54.
BRASTLE, v. Obs. n.Cy. To boast, brag. (K.)
Hence Brastling, ppl. adj. bragging, boasting.
n.Cy. A brastling fellow (K.).
[The same as OE. brastlian, to crackle, clatter.]
BRAT, sb.1 and v. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. I.Ma. Chs. Stf. Der. Not. Lin. Wor. Shr. Pern. Also
in form brot Sc. [brat, brast.]
1. sb. A rag, cloth.
N.Cy.1 Dur. (K.) Lan. DAVIES Races (1856} 2^. VTel.N.&Q.
(1868) 4th S. ii. 181. Lin. GROSE(i79o) ; RAY (1691) ; Lin.1 The
child found in the river was lapt up in a brat.
2. A child's pinafore ; an apron.
Frf. There he sat in his ' brot,' or apron, from early morning to
far on to midnight, BARRIE Licht (1888) 69, ed. 1893. Ayr. At a
hauf shop door, are twa or three bodies in their brats, SERVICE
BRAT
[382]
BRATCHET
Notandums ',1890 74. Lth. [She] had still on the rough worsted
apron of nappy homespun wool, called a ' brat,' STRATHESK Blink-
bonny (ed. 1891) 135. e.Lth. Up she got, an' took the brat aff her
held, HUNTER/. Inwick (1895! 203. Gall. ' Brat' is but the Scots
word for apron, CROCKETT Moss-Hags (1895) xxxvi. Frm. Quite
common, N. & Q. ^1890) 7th S. ix. 233. Dur.1 Cum. Ah pot on
a clean cap, me white brat, FARRALL Betty Wilson (1886)2; Cum.1
In Borrowdale they have a saying ' that when it rains on maudlin
(Magdalen) day [Aug. 2] Jenny Maudlin is bleaching her brat.'
Wm. & Cum.1 Her whol'd stockin's, her brat, and her gown, 302.
Wm. Her brat has a hole in it (B.K.); Wm.1, n.Yks.18 ne.Yks.1
In rare use. w.Yks. They went to play with their accustomed
afore her, WAUGH Chimn. Corner (1874) 27, ed. 1879 ; Lan.>,
ne.Lan.1, e.Lan.1, m.Lan.1 I.Ma. A country girl mentioned among
her qualifications for a housemaid that she could ' wash and iron
brats,' N. & Q. (1868) 4th S. ii. 181. Chs. Sheaf (1879) I. 140;
Chs.123 s.Chs.1 Kiim aayt fl dhaaf duu'rti fuwd, yu lifl nuwt;
aay yu bin- mau-ksin yur klde-un braat- [Come alt o' that dirty
fowd, y6 little nowt ; hal yo bin mawksin yur cleean brat]. Stf.1 ;
Stf.2 Dhis choilt's ad tau kiln brats on dhis veri dT. Der.2, nw-Der.1
Lin. Semi-cinctium ex panno vilissimo, SKINNER (1671); Obsol.
(^R.E.C.) n-Lin.1 w.Wor.1 Put on the child's brat afore yu feeds
Mm. Pern. (W.H.Y.) s.Pem. LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 419 ; Ax
thy muther to put on thy brat (W.M.M.).
Hence (i) Brattie, sb. a dim. of brat, an apron; (2)
Brattie-string, sb. apron-string; (3) Bratty, adj. dirty,
applied to children.
(i) Sc. (JAM. Suppl.} n.Sc. Od ! but it's our Jenny's brottie
sticking out thro' the snaw, MILLER Scenes and Leg. (ed. 1853 x.
(2) Arg. Jean Rob, with the bairn at her brattie-string, MUNRO
Lost Pibroch (1896) 215. (3) n.Lin.x
3. Comp. (i) Bratful, a lapful, as much as can be carried
in an apron ; (2) Brat-strings, apron-strings.
(i) Cum., Wm. A bratful of apples off— sec a wind! (M.P.1) Lan.1
Aw'd rayther see it nor a brat-full o' guinea gowd, WAUGH Owd
Blanket (1867) i. s.Pem. LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 419. (2) Lan.
Don't expect him to be teed to yo'r brat-strings, WAUGH Hermit
Cobbler, iv.
4. A large coarse apron or ' overall ' made with sleeves,
esp. that kind worn by workers in factories, &c.
Sc. (JAM.) Ayr. Weavers put aside their brats, JOHNSTON
Kilmallie (1891) I. 98. Wm. Mob cap, check brat, an bed-goon
clean, BOWNESS Studies (1868) 39. w.Yks. They'd fear to spoil
ther little hand To touch thy greasy brat, HARTLEY Ditties
(1863) 33 ; w.Yks.8 A wool-sorter, being stared at by a strange
child, exclaimed, 'Bless t'lad ! Did he niwer see a brat afore »j
w.Yks.5 Lan. A single under-petticoat, and over that a ' bishop '
or 'brat' (a long apron reaching from the neck to the heels),
WESTALL Birch Dene (1889) I. 275; Their coarse brats, too scant
to give you any idea of clothing, encasing their bodies like the
outer wrapping of a mummy, BRIERLEY Cast upon World (1886;
63. n.Lan.1 Wei. TOONE (1834). Not. (L.C.M.), Shr.1
5. An overbearing overlooker in a factory.
Yks.' Brat' is in constant use in textile factories, both for the long
cotton pinafore worn by overlookers . . . and to describe these
officials themselves and the airs they often put on — a ' long brat,'
an overbearing overlooker, A'. & Q. (1890) 7th S. x. 217.
6. A kind of dual apron, made of sheepskin or sacking,
worn by farm labourers when building corn-stacks, &c.
Nhb.1 [Also] worn by farm men when bathing sheep. It is
[then] called a ' bathing brat.'
7. The cloth put on a sheep or ewe, either to protect it
from the ' fly ' or to prevent its being covered by the ram.
Cum. (J.A.), n.Yks.1
8. Clothing, esp. in phr. bit or bite and brat, food and
raiment.
Sc. Want o' bread, an' brats, an' brose, A. SCOTT Poems (1808)
137 ; It's an ill warld that canna gie us a bite and a brat, HENDER-
SON Prov. (1832) 80, ed. 1881. Ayr. They maun hae brose and
brats o' duddies, BURNS Dr. Blacklock (1789) st. 6. Lnk. To mak
them brats then ye maun toil and spin, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725)
33, ed. 1783. Ayr. To get them a bit and a brat, GALT^««. Parish
(1821) xvii. N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Maw canny bairns luik pale and wan,
Their bits and brats are varra scant, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1826)
pt. i. 57. Cum. She's gitten her Sunday brats on (E.W.P.).
9. Scum formed on the surface of liquid, as cream on
the top of cooled milk, &c.
Sc. Applied to the cream, esp. of what is called a sour cogue, or
the floatings of boiled whey (JAM.;. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
10. In coal mining, a thin stratum of coarse coal or black
stone, freq. found lying at the roof of a seam of coal.
Nhb. (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.1 Limestone brat 2 feet 6 inches, Borings
(1881) 113. Nhb., Dur. GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
11. v. To cover the hinder part of a ewe to prevent its
being covered by the ram.
Cum. (J.A.) ; Cum.1, s.Cuin. (J.C.)
Hence Bratting, vbl. sb., see below.
Frf. Bratting, which is done by covering the sheep with a cloth
as an apron or brat. STEPHENS Farm Bk. (ed. 1849) 235. Cum.
When a shepherd wants a ewe to be fatted for the butcher,
'bratting' is resorted to, ' twinters,'or Iambs of the second winter,
being selected (J.A.).
12. To curdle, solidify.
Nhb.1 Thunder brats the cream. Earth is said to be bratted
when baked and cracked with the sun, and plants, when similarly
dried and cracked, are said to be bratted. m.Yks.1
Hence (i) Bratted, ppl. adj., (2) Bratty, adj. covered
with a slight film, slightly curdled.
(i) Nhb. Bratted cream, when put into tea, separates itself into
small white particles (C.T.). Dur.1, n.Yks.12, ne.Yks.', m.Yks.1
(a) ne.Yks.1 In common use.
[1. Brat, a rag, BAILEY (1721) ; A bratte, panniculus,
LEVINS Manip. (1570). 8. And a brat to walken inne by
day-light, CHAUCER C. T. G. 881. 11. To bratte, panniculis
circutndare, LEVINS. OE. (Nhb.) bratt (Matt. v. 40) ; Olr.
bratt (MACBAIN).]
BRAT, sb.' Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Stf. Der. Lin. Nhp. Shr. Oxf. Ess. and in gen.
colloq. use. A child, gen. used as a term of contempt or
disparagement.
Elg. Elgin brats, like kittlin cats, Will scamper ower the
sward, TESTER Poems ( 1865) 115. Abd. Oh ! sorrow tak' the little
brat ! She's tumblet owre the basin, OGG Willie Waly (1873) 122.
Kcd. A wife he had and twa three brats, JAMIE Muse (1844) 44.
Ayr. I bad Apollo's rhymin' brat Pay't up in haste, SILLAR Poems
(1789) 109. Lth. Girning, ragged brats for bread, Wi' their
whimp'ring shall assail ye, BRUCE Poems (1813^ 121. Rnf. His
wife and brats are starving, TANNAHILL Poems (1807) 87, ed. 1817.
Gall. Peace, devil's brats all ! CROCKETT Moss-Hags (1895) x'x-
Ir. Sure we was on'y brats thim times, BARLOW Lisconnel (1895)
65. Nhb.1, Dnr.^Cnm.1 Cum., Wm, Now seldom used and always
contemptuously (M. P.). Wm.1, n.Yks. (W.H.), e.Yks.1 w.Yks.
Ringing for the servant she asks where are the brats, HAMILTON
NugaeLit. (1841)309; (J.T.) ; (J.R.R/; w.Yks.1 Not always used
with contempt ; w.Yks.5 Lan. Used^«. in a slightly reproachful
sense, ' Thoose dirty brats ' (S.W.). m-Lan.1, Chs.1, Stf.1, Der.1 2,
nw.Der.1 Lin. SKINNER (1671). n.Lin.1 Nhp.1 A large family of
young children are 'a lot of little brats.' Shr.1 s.Oxf. John
Henry had learnt to call them 'squalling brats,' ROSEMARY Chiltents
(1895) 186. Ess. A smart, quick-witted brat, DOWNES Ballads
(1895) 21. Colloq. Take your curly-wigged brat, and much good
may he do ye, BARHAM Jngoldsby (1840) Lay of St. Cuthbert.
[To draw the brats of Clarence out of sight, SHAKS. Rich.
Ill, in. v. 107 ; O Abrahams brattes, O broode of blessed
seede, GASCOIGNE De Profundis (1575), in Poems, ed. 1869,
I. 62.]
BRAT, sb.3 Nhb. Yks. [brat.] The turbot, Rhombus
maximus. Cf. bret.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 The crabby and dealers in ling, cod, and brats,
WILSON Movement ( 1 839). n,Yks. (T.S.) [SATCHELL (1879).]
BRATCH, see Brach, Breach.
BRATCHEL, sb. Sc. The husks of flax set on fire.
ii. Sc. A heap of husks . . . collected . . . while the young women
were skutching their flax. The heap was soon formed and Norman
carried the brand and set fire to the bratchel, Clan-Albin (1815)
I.. 75 (JAM.).
BRATCHET, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Also written
bratchart Sc. (JAM.) [bra'tjit.]
1. A forward, ill-behaved child.
Rxb. (JAM.) n.Cy. GROSE (1790); N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 w.Yks. HUTTON
Tour to Caves (1781) ; w.Yks.5 Thou young bratchet ! al aather
teich thee to du different ur else al see !
2. A term of familiarity and affection applied to a lively
child.
Nhb.1 Ye cunnin' little bratchet ; aa see ye there.
BRATH
[383!
BRATTLE
Also
(JAM.
3. Comp. Bratchett-clothes, fig. childhood, period of
adolescence.
w.Yks.1 When a young man has arrived at maturity he will
exultingly say, ' Now I've gotten out of bratchett-clothes.'
4. A silly person. Slk. (JAM.)
5. A true lover.
Slk. ' She has seven wooers and a bratchet,' referring to the
fidelity of a dog who constantly follows his master (ft.).
[Prob. the same as ME. bracket (so OFr.), a small hound.
Brachetes bayed bat best, Gawayne (c. 1360) 1603.]
BRATH, sb. Obs. Cor. The mastiff dog.
Cor. N. & Q. (1854) ist S. x. 178.
[OCor. brath, a mastiff, Cor. Voc. in Borlase's Antiq.
Cornwall (1769) 419 ; Brathcy, a mastiff, lit. a biting dog ;
cp. W. brathu, to bite (WILLIAMS).]
BRATH, v. Sc. To plait straw ropes round a stack,
crossing them at intervals. n.Sc. QAM.)
Hence Brathins, vbl. sb. pi. the cross-ropes or ' etherins '
of the roof of a thatched house or stack. Ags. (JAM.)
[ON. bregtfa, ' nectere ' (EGILSSON).]
BRATH, see Broth.
BRATHERING, see Bradow.
BRATTICE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Stf.
in form bartice Sc. HAM. Suppl.) • brattish Sc.
Suppl.) N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 n.Yks.2 [bra'tis, bra'tif.J
1. A wooden partition between rooms.
w.Sc. (JAM. Suppl.\ N.Cy.1, n.Yks.1
Hence Brattished off, ppl. phr. partitioned off.
Nhb.1 In a room, a portion is said to be ' brattished off' when a
wooden partition has been run up to form a division or second
apartment.
2. A partition, either of wood or strong hempen sheeting,
placed in the shaft of a pit, &c., for the purpose of venti-
lation.
w.Sc. (JAM. Suppl.}, N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. Its use is to
divide the place in which it is fixed into two avenues, the current
of air entering by the one and returning by the other, GREENWELL
Coal Tr. Gl. (1849). e.Dur.1, n.Stf. (J.T.) [The terms shaft brat-
tice, drift, headways, board, &c., brattice, are used according to
the situation in which the partition is placed, Gl. Lab. (1894).]
Hence Brattishing, vbl. sb. a partition placed in the
shaft of a pit for the purpose of ventilation.
Nhb.1 The collerens which formerly supported the bratticing were
all gone to decay, SCOTT Vmtilat. of Coal Mines (1868)31. Stf. (J.T.)
3. Comp. Brattice-cloth, strong tarred canvas used for
making temporary air-courses.
Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. Gl
[G/. Lab. (1894%]
4. The high wooden back acting as a screen to a ' long-
settle.'
N.Cy.1 Nhb.'ANhb.manwasaskedto comefurtherintotheroom.
HerepHed: ' No, thank ye; aa'll just sit ahint the brattish.' e.Dur.1
n.Yks.1 In some parts of the «. the high screen reaching from the
wall, close to the door, from an outer passage some way into the
room, forming, with its back, a sort of passage, and having a seat
affixed to its front by the fireside, is called a brattice ; n.Yks.2
5. A screen or reredos at the back of an altar or shrine.
n.Yks.2
Hence Brattishing, vbl. sb. the carved work on the top
of a shrine.
Nhb.1 Before we descend let us glance between the brattishing
which surrounds the sides, CONSITT Life St. Cuthbert (1887) 247.
6. The sconce within which the roast meat is done
before the fire. n.Yks.2
[The same word as ME. brefys, a parapet for defence.
Defencio ante murum, a bretys, Norn. (c. 1450) in Wright's
Voc. (1884) 731. Cp. OFr. bretesche, see HATZFELD (s.v.
breteche).]
BRATTLE, sb.1 and v.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. [bra-tl.]
1. sb. A loud clattering noise.
Fif. Ilk bluidy brulziement and battle Wi' swords, and staves, and
chariots' brattle, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 4. Ayr. The first brattle
of the storm brought them in troops to his side, JOHNSTON
Kilmallie (1891^ II. 143 ; Thou need na start awa sae hasty, Wi'
bickering brattle! BURNS To a Mouse (1785) st. i. Lth. 'Mang
Hallowfair's wild noisy brattle, BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 66.
JREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849). Lan. (F.R.C.)
Slk. Like thae commonplace burns that . . . contrive to get up a
desperate brattle amang the lowse stanes, CHR. NORTH Noctes
(ed. 1856) III. 339. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Cnm. I dud come doon a
reg'lar brattle, GWORDIE GREENUP Anudder Batch (1873) 14.
2. Comp. Brattle-can, a noisy chatterbox ; a kicking cow.
Cum. (M.P.); She's a rare brattlecan to chatter, CAINE Shad.
Crime (1885) 213.
3. A peal of thunder, the crash of a storm.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Abd. The village swain . . .
Maun bide the bick'rin' brattle, BEATTIES Parings (1803) 24.
Wgt. (A.W.) Ir. There comes an accidental brattle of thunder,
CARLETON Fardorougha (1848) iv ; N. & Q. (1873) 4th S. xii. 325.
N.I.1 Dwn. KNOX Hist. Dum. (1875). s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890).
N.Cy.1 Cum. Brattles leyke thunder were frequently heard,
Penrith Obs. (Mar. 29, 1887); T'thunner-brattles was fearful
(M.P.) ; (H.W.) Wm. By gen ! Did thoo hear that brattle ?
(B.K.)
4. A sudden rush, start ; short race.
Sc. Better the nag that ambles a" the day than him that makes
a brattle for a mile, SCOTT Redg. (1824) Lett. xii. Abd. All in a
brattle to the gate are gane, Ross Helenore (1768) 105, ed. 1812 ;
An' the horse tak' a brattle now, they may come to lay up my
mittens, FORBES Jrn. (1742) 15. Ayr. The sma', droop-rumpl't
hunter cattle, Might aiblins waur't thee for a brattle, BURNS To
his Auld Mare, sL 10. Cum. They off wi' a brattle, RAYSON Misc.
Poems (1858) 23.
5. A fray, conflict ; also used fig.
Ayr. Silly sheep wha bide this brattle O' winter war, BURNS
Winter Night (1785) St. 3. Edb. Just in the heart of the brattle,
the grating sound of the Yett . . . was but too plainly heard, MOIR
Mansie Wauch (1828) x. Nhb. An' ne'er a Hen o' Muffle's weight
Could stan' her brattle, DIXON IVhittingham Vale (1895) 253 ; Nhb.1
Says he, I have got quite enough, Sae thus we gave ower the
brattle, ROBSON Sngs. of Tyne (1849) 167.
6. v. To make a loud rattling noise, to blow with com-
pressed lips ; fig. to boast, brag, talk noisily.
Fif. The town's-drummer wi' his drum Begoud to brattle and
to bum, TENNANT Papistry (1827) '34- Lth. The feeding shower
comes brattlin' doun, BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 29. Dmf. Auld
guns were brattling aff like thunner, MAYNE Siller Gun (1808) 45.
N.Cy.1 Cum. Hoaf-swoabered he brattled oot ' What does ta say ? '
GWORDIE GREENUP Yance a Year (1873) 20. Wm.1 n.Yks.2 They
brattled away [with trumpets]. [GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)]
7. To run quickly, to hurry, rush.
Sc. Brattlin frae the howe A shepherd's cur . . . Cam skelping
up, A. SCOTT Poems (1808) 163. Lnk. Our twa herds come
brattling down the brae, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725) 27, ed. 1783.
Kcb. Rejoiced at the sight They brattle to the brow, DAVIDSON
Seasons (1789) 6. Wm. & Cum.1 Whell fwoke to th skemmels
brattl't. 202.
Hence Brattling, (a) prp. making a rattling, clattering
noise ; (b) ppl. adj. brawling, running tumultuously.
(i) Lth. Whiles ripplin' owre the shingle, Whiles brattlin' doon
a corkscrew linn, STRATHESK More Bits (ed. 1885) 297. (2) Abd. A
brattlin' band, unhappily Drave by him wi' a binner, SKINNER
Poems (1809) 5- Lnk. Those birks that shade that brattlin' stream
below, BLACK Falls of Clyde (1806) 118. Lth. Heather braes An'
brattlin' rills, BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 192.
8. To spend money foolishly or ostentatiously ; to squander.
Lan. DAVIES Races (1856) 270.
[1. His harnass brak and maid ane brattill, DUNBAR
Turnament (c. 1505) 73, ed. Small, II. 124. 5. }e dou not
byde a brattill, MONTGOMERIE Sonn. xxii, ed. Cranstoun,
loo. 6. Branchis brattlyng, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513), ed.
1874, in. 78.]
BRATTLE, adj., v? and sb? Chs. Lin. Nhp. e.An. Ken.
In form brottle, bruttle Ken. [bra'tl, bras'tl.]
1. adj. Brittle.
n.Lin.1 As brattle as cheany.
2. v. To lop off the branches of trees ; to split off.
Lin. Come out here with the handbills and brattle all the willows
anywhere nigh, FENN Dick o' the Fens (1888) iv. e.An.1 Nrf.
MILLER & SKERTCHLY Fenland (1878) iv. w.Ken. This wood
brottles off much easier than that (W.F.S.).
Hence Brattlings, vbl. sb. pi. loppings from felled trees
Nhp.12, e-An.1, Nrf.1
3. sb. pi. Brick ends. Chs.13
[Prob. a pron. of ME. brotel, brittle, fragile. We han
this tresour in brotil vesselis, WYCLIF (1382) 2 Cor. iv. 7.]
BRATTLE-BRIG
[384]
BRAVE
BRATTLE-BRIG, sb. Obsol. Cum. The bridge of
the nose. Cum. (E.W.P.) ; (A.S.-P.)
BRAUCH, see Brawtch.
BRAUCHIN, BRAUGHAM, see Bargham.
BRAUGHWHAM, sb. Obs. Lan. A dish made of
cheese, eggs, bread, and butter, boiled together. Cf.
brautin.
Lan. (K.) ; BAILEY (1721) ; GROSE (1790).
BRAUN(D, see Brand.
BRAUNGE, v. Yks. Der. Not. Lin. Also written
brooangee.Yks.1; bra wnge w.Yks.25; braundge n.Yks.2;
bronge Der.2 nw.Der.1 Not.2 [br^ndg, brpandg.]
1. To lounge at ease, to sit with the legs stretched out.
e.Yks.1
2. To strut, to bear oneself conceitedly.
Not. (J.H.B.) ; Not.1 s.Not. She braunges about as if she were
Lord Sumbudy (J.P.K.). Lin. Braunging at the door, as bold as
brass, Gilbert Rugge (1866) I. 53. n.Lin.1 He went braungin'
along Brigg Markit-plaace as thof it was all his awn. sw.Lin.1 She
braunges about with two or three necklaces on.
Hence Braunging, ppl. adj. swaggering, conceited;
pompous ; coarse-featured.
n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 A great braundging weean. ne.Yks.1 Sha's a
bold braungin'-leeakin woman. m.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 Sike a braungin,
gaustril, taistril, ii. 306 ; w.Yks.2 A swaggering brawnging fellow ;
w.Yks.8*, Not.1
3. To boast, talk conceitedly.
w.Yks.2, Der.2, nw.Der.1, Not.123
BRAUNY, see Branded.
BRAUTIN, sb. Obsol. or obs. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Also
in forms braftin Cum. ; broughten Nhb.1 ; brughtin
(JAM.). A girdle-cake sandwiched with cheese ; see
below. Cf. braughwham.
s.Sc. Provided for the shepherds at the Lammas feast. An oat-
cake being put in a pot over the fire has butter poured on it, and
receives the name of butter-brughtins (JAM.). Rxb. Green cheese-
parings, or wrought curd, kneaded and mixed with butter or suet,
and broiled in the frying-pan. Also called brughtin-cake (<6.).
N.Cy.1 Formerly prepared for mowers in hay-harvest. A repast on
Midsummer eve, and also on St. Thomas' night. Nhb.1 In Rothbury
parish, cakes to give to mowers for their noon, or luncheons.
Cum. Much used in former days at churn [harvest] suppers. It
was made by putting a layer of yeasted cake, then one of rich
cheese, and repeating these layers four or five times. It was cut
into slices and eaten with sweet sauce flavoured with rum. Now
scarcely known (J.P.).
BRAVE, adj., int. and adv. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks.
Not. Lin. Nhp. War. Hrf. Glo. Brks. Bdf. Ken. Sur. Sus.
Hmp. I.W. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written bra'
Cor. ; braa Cor.2 ; braave Dev. Cor. ; braayye Brks.1
1. adj. Handsome ; goodly ; said of anything fine or
superior of its kind. Also used ironically. See Bravely,
Braw.
Sc. To wish for a new [gown], if she likes to be brave, SCOTT
Midlothian (1818) xi. Frf. The oldest cock of the farmyard . . . made
a brave appearance in a shallow sea of soup, BARRIE Licht ( 1888)
no. Per. A brave scholar (G.W.). Ayr. I'll buy you the bravest
satin gown in a' Glasgow, GALT Entail (1823) xxvi. Ant. This is
a brave lass, Ballymena Obs. (1892). N.I.1 A brave day. That's
a brave chile ye've got s.Wxf. ' Brave ' is in use as describing the
good qualities and attributes of men and things, but rarely means
courageous (P.J.M.). Nhb.1 A brave lad. ' Brave ' must always b -?
joined with something agreeable. Cum. Bran new cwoat, and
brave ruffl'd sark, ANDERSON Ballads (1805) 4; (M.P.) ; Cum.1
n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 It's brave for t'job [suitable for the purpose].
A brave house. ne.Yks.1, m.Yks.1, w.Yks.1 Hrf. That's a brave
boy ! (W.W.S.) Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1 He just was a brave fox.
Sur.1 A large, well-fatted animal is a ' brave beast.' Sus.1 I.W.1
Thee beest a breyave buoy. Dev. Tha Lord Mayor in his carridge,
and a brave ol' dumeshaw 'twuz, HEWETT Peas. Sf. (1892) ; Dev.1
nw.Dev.1 Brave gwains-on. s.Dev. A braave catch offish (S.P.F.).
Cor. The coach es gawn — that's a brave job, edn't et 1 PASMORE
Stones (1893) 3; Who es this bra maid? J. TRENOODLE Spec.
(1846) 23 ; Cor.1 Sometimes used without any well-defined meaning
to qualify a noun, implying that the thing is moderately good of its
sort. 'Tis brave weather ; Cor.3
. Hence (i) Brave-looking, adj. comely ; of good ap-
pearance ; (2) Bravery, sb. splendour, display ; fine
clothes ; (3) Bravety, sb. fine show, display.
(i) n.Yks.2 It's brave-looking beef and eats bravely. Cor. I'm
black, but braave-looking, NETHERTON Sng. Sol. (1859) i. 5 ; Cor.1
A brave-looking man. (2) Sc. There's little bravery at it [a funeral];
neither meat nor drink, and just a wheen silver tippences to the
poor folk, SCOTT Bride of Lam. 1.1819) xxxv ; We must not be
pleased or put off with the buskry or bravery of language, M'WARD
C: a/endings (1723) 356 (JAM.). Ayr. All the unfinished bravery
ol mournings which lay scattered around, GALT Sir A. Wylie(i62a)
ii. War. WISE Shakespere (1861) 151. Brks.1 (3) Abd. They
dress Maist like a knight or squire : Wad ye nae think that some-
thing less o' bravely mith sair? COCK Simple Strains (1810)
II. 62. Fit Busk't in his bravitie o' claes, TENNANT Papistry
(l827N 202.
2. In good health, hearty ; recovered from illness.
s.Wxf. How is Anty to-day ?— She's brave (P.J.M.). w.Yks.
He wor badly, but is brave again now (C.C.R.) ; w.Yks.4 Not.
(L.C.M.) n.Lin. (M.P.); n-Lin.1 Said especially with regard to
women after lying-in. She's been straange an' braave this last
weak, straange an' braave she hes. sw.Lin. ', Nhp.2, War. (J. R. W.),
War.2 Glo.1 How's Mrs. Smith ? — Oh ! her's a gettin quite brave
agyen ; Glo.2 Bdf. A person is said to be ' not very brave '
(J.W.B.). Sns.1, Hmp.1 Wil. BRITTON Beauties (1825). n-Wil.
He's main brave now (E.H.G.). Wil.1 Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873) ;
JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825). w.Som.1 Aew bee-ee z-mau'r-
neen? — Brae'uv, dhangk ee [How do you do this morning? —
Brave, thank you]. Dev. I reckon I shall see 'e out yet, Master
Passon ; for 'e don't look very brave, BLACKMORE Perlycross (1894)
xxvi; Dev.1 nJJev. Spoken of a person who is upon the recovery
from sickness, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) Cor. When their
health is inquired after, every man is ' brave,' and every woman
' charming,' HuNrPo/>. Rom. w.Eng. (1865) II. 231 ; Mornin', Old
Zeb ; how be 'ee, this dellicate day ? — Brave, thankee, Uncle,
' Q.' Three Ships (1890) iv ; Cor.12
Hence Bravish, adj. tolerably well.
Cor. How be you?— Bravish, QuiLLER-CoucH Hist. Polperro
(1871) 174 ; Cor.1
3. Great, considerable.
Per. (G.W.) Own. There's a brave lot of them (C.H.W.).
s.Wxf. She's a brave old age (P.J.M.). Cum. Tom Linton was
bworne til a brave canny fortune. ANDERSON Ballads (1805) Tom
Linton. n.Yks.1 He's getten a brave bit o' brass ; n.Yks.2 Dev.
Bill . . . had a braave sight o' common sense, PHILLPOTTS Bill
Vogwell in Blk. and White (June 27, 1896) 824 ; 'Twas a brave
storm we had last night. A brave lot o' vokes to fair, Reports
Provinc. (1886) 92. nw.Dev.1 Her liv'd to a brave age. Cor. A
braave accident it was, I assure ee, TREGELLAS Tales (1860) 7 ;
One Christmas Eve, soas, a bra' while ago, FORFAR Poems (1885)
72. w.Cor. Most freq. shortened into 'bra" in ' a bra" few,' 'a bra'
flink' (M.A.C.X Cor.8 A bra' deal. How far is it to Fraddam ?—
Aw, tis a brave step.
Hence (i) Bravish, adj. considerable, fairly large; (2)
Brave-like, adj. large.
(i) Dev. They rag mats have brought me in a bravish lot,
MORTIMER Tales w.Moors ( 1895) 219. Cor. A bravish sum for
travellin' expenses, ' Q.' Troy Town (1888) xix. (2) n.Yks.2 A
brave-like lot [assemblage].
4. In phr. brave and, used with adv b. force before another
adj. : very, exceedingly.
Gall. It is indeed brave and dusty. CROCKETT Moss-Hags (1895)
xlvi. N.Cy.1 Nhb. Their streets are brave and blashy, MIDFORD
Sngs. (1818) 68 ; Nhb.1 ' Brave an' seun,' in very good time. Brave
an" near. n.Yks.1 How are you this morning, Thomas ? — Brave
an' weel, thank 'ee. w.Som.1 Missus is brave and angry, sure
'nough. Dev. 'Tez brave an' dismal 'ome til 'ouze zince Annie
hath adied, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892). Cor. He do hold his nose
brave an' high, FORFAR Wizard (1871) 8; Cor.1 I'm braave and
well, thank 'ee. Brave and wicked ; Cor.3 Brave an' cold.
5. int. O brave.' indeed! good!
Dor.1 O brave ! what wages do er mean to gi'e ? 234. w.Som.1
' Oa brae'uv ! ' a very common exclamation.
6. adv. Very, exceedingly.
Nhb.1 He's a brave strang un. Dev. Aw fegs ! 'tez a brave bad
job ! HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 77. nw-Dev.1 I zim you've bin a
brave lung time. Cor. Miss Reeney es a bra' tidy maid, FORFAR
7. Capitally, in first-rate style.
Dev. He sawled pure heather honey at a shillin' a pound an' did
braave 'pon it, PHILLPOTTS Bill Vogwell'm Blk. and White (June 27,
1896) 824. Cor. He . . . laughed and chatted bra-ave, FORFAR
Poems (1885) 35 ; Cor.2 He's gittiii on braave.
BRAVELY
[385]
BRAWN
BRAVELY, adv. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Nhp. War. Brks. e.An. Sus. Dev.
1. Very well, satisfactorily ; finely ; prosperously. See
Brave.
Per. ' He's doing bravely ' is higher praise than 'brawly' (G.W.).
Ant. Hoo ir you gettin' on ? — Bravely , Ballymena Obs. (1892). N.I.1
He's doin' bravely [recovering finely]. Cum. Ah kent t'voice
bravely at yance, SARGISSON Joe Scoap (1881) 6 ; Nin on us durst
hev spokken, if we hed kent, ivver seah bravely, 'at he was 'rang,
FARRALL Betty Wilson (1886) 35; Ye've duin bravely (M.P.).
n-Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 They get on bravely. e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.'i
w.Yks^Thou'sbravelydonn'd. War.2 How'sthemissis?— Oh, she's
doin' bravely, thank you. Sus.1 I have been making out bravely
since you were last here. Dev. 'Er'th agiidied [improved] bravely
thews last vew days, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 90 ; Dev.1
2. In good health, well.
Dwn. (C.H.W.), N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Dnr.1 Cum. Aa's bravely,
thenk ye (M.P.) ; Cum.1 Wm. They er beaath braavely, WHEELER
Dial. (1790) 115, ed. 1821; Wm.1 n.Yks. (I.W.) ; n.Yks.12
e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.) m.Yks.1 The reply to the customary
'How do you do?' w.Yks.12, Nhp.i War. B'ham Wkly. Post
(June 10, 1893) ; War.13 Brks.1 A veels quite braayvely this
marnin'. e-An.1, Sus.1
3. In phr. Bad wi' the bravelies, having nothing the
matter, being quite well. Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892).
BRAVOORA, sb. Sc. (JAM.) A high degree of irrita-
tion or fury.
Sc. Thae — critics get up wi' — sic youfat bravooras — as wud gar
ane . . . trow they ettlit to mak a bokeek o' 'im, Blackw. Mag. (Apr.
1821) 351. Ayr. Of a ferocious beast : He's in his bravooras.
BRAW, adj., adv. and sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks.
I. Ma. Also written bra* Sc. Cum. ; braaSh.I. Nhb.1; brow
Bnff.1 [bro, bra.]
1. adj. Of persons : handsome, well-dressed ; pleasing.
Of clothes, &c. : smart, handsome. See Brave.
Sc. The plain swan's-down will be the brawerof the twa, SCOTT
St. Ronan (1824) xv. Sh.I. Mony anidder boddy braa, BURGESS
Rasmie (1891) 74. Bnff.1 Abd. A muckle hoose an' braw fowk,
ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) vii. Kcd. A braw and handsome
dame, JAMIE Muse (1844) 2. Per. The braw folk crush the poor
folk down, NICOLL Poems (1837) 173, ed. 1843. Rnf. If they wad
drink nettles in March . . . Sae many braw maidens Wadna gang
to the clay, SWAINSON Weather Flk-Lore (1873) 60. Ayr. His
locked, letter'd, braw brass collar, BURNS Twa Dogs (1786) ; We
all went with our best breeding helped by our brawest deeding,
GALT Provost (1822) xi. Lnk. She's the brawest lass in the
country-side, FRASER Whaups (1895) vii. Lth. A braw lad cam'
wooin' oor Jean, McNEiLL Preston (c. 1895) 66. Bwk. The lasses
o' Earlstoun are bonny and braw, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856)
79 ; As braw as Bink's wife, ib. 80. Kcb. I wad gien ilka steek o'
my braw Sunday claes, ARMSTRONG Musings (1890) 149. Uls.
Every day braw mak's Sunday a daw, Uls. Jrn.Arch. (1854) II. 129.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. May your braw lodger hunt his health, GRAHAM
Maori. Dial. (1826) 14 ; Nhb.1 w.Yks. WILLAN List Wds. (1811).
I.Ma. A braw little rogue, CAINE Deemster (1889) 35.
Hence Braw-warld, adj. showy, gaudy.
Sc. Golden chains and looped-up bonnets, with braw-warld
dyes and devices on them, SCOTT Q. Durward (1823) III. 106.
2. Grand, fine ; good.
Sc. We gaed on a braw simmer morning, SCOTT Bride of Lam.
(1819} xxiv ; Braw news is come to town, CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes
(1870) 118; France is ... brawer, I believe, but it's no Scotland,
STEVENSON Catriona (1892) xii. ne.Sc. A braw day for the season
o' the year, GRANT Keckleton, 39. Abd. He made a braw penny
aff o' you, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) x. Frf. Tis braw to
be young, LAING Wayside Firs. (1846) 34. Ayr. Mony braw thanks
to the meikle black deil, BURNS The DeiFs Awa' ; Sic a braw
property as the Plealands, GALT Entail (1823) viii. Lnk. Nine
bra' nout were smoor'd, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725) ai, ed. 1783.
Lth. Braw luck an' sonsy weans, SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 16.
n.Ir. A haw year, A braw year, SWAINSON Weather Flk-Lore (1873)
4 ; A'. & Q. (1872) 4th S. x. 266. Nhb. He's gaen down iv a braw
steam boat, OLIVER Local Sngs. (1824) 6 ; Nhb.1
3. In phr. braw and, used with advb. force before another
adj. : very, extremely.
Frf. She was braw an' cool, BARRIE Thrums (1889) 140. Lnk.
Kirsty may put them on and wear them, . . . I'm brawen sure,
WARDROP Johnnie Mathison (1881) 26. Gall. I'm braw an' prood
to ken ye, sir, CROCKETT Sunbonnet 1,1895) vi ;
VOL. 1.
4. adv. Finely, well ; very.
Sc. Yer legs'll be braw tired noo, SWAN Aldersyde (ed. 1896)
bk. ii. i. Fif. The marble mawments [images] carvit braw, TENNANT
Papistry (1827) 91 ; It was promisin' braw when I took ill,
ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 30.
5. sb.pl. Fine clothes.
Sc. I see you hae gotten a' your braws on, SCOTT Antiquary
(1816) xxvi ; Arrayed in all the glory of his Sunday braws,
DICKSON Auld Pre. (1894) 94. Frf. A' the bonny braws they wear,
LAING Wayside Firs. (1846) 131. Ayr. The buying o' your bridal
braws, GALT Lairds (1826) xxx. Lnk. Wife and bairns were thrang
lookin' ower the braws and ferlies he had brocht, FRASER Whaups
(1895) xii. Lth. Yon sun that shines on silken braws, SMITH
Merry Bridal (1866) 172. Cum. Wi' bra's weel buskit, rig'd, and
squar'd, STAGG Misc. Poems (1807) 143.
[1. The Duke of Guise with . . . monie brawe and weirlie
captanes, DALRYMPLE Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1596) II. 379.]
BRA WARD, see Breward.
BRAWCHE, see Brawtch.
BRAWIS, see Brewis.
BRAWLER, sb. Dor. Som. A bundle of reeds or
brushwood ; a sheaf of straw weighing seven pounds.
See Braler.
Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863). Som. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863);
(W.F.R.); W. & J. G/. (1873).
BRAWLS, sb. pi. Lin. [br^lz.] Small twigs among
firewood.
n.Lin. Used in depreciation. Well, it is eldin, bud mostly brawls
BRAWLY, adv. Sc. Nhb. Wm. Also in form braaly
Nhb.1; brahly Wm.1; brawlins, browlies Sc. [brp-li,
bra-li.l
1. Well, finely.
Sc. I believe ye ken brawly what I am, SCOTT Rob Roy (1817)
ix ; God's ain are brawlie aff, WADDELL Ps. (1891) xvi., heading.
Sh.I. Da man 'at wirds his letter braaly, BURGESS Rasmie (1892)
33. e.Sc. Ye ken what I mean. — Ay, brawly, SETOUN Sunshine
(1895) 32. Elg. Yer brawlies provided for, Barbara, I'm thinkin',
TESTER Poems (1865) 133. Abd. Bat for a' that we came browlies
o' the road, FORBES Jm. (1742) 14; 'Brawlins' is obsol. form
(W.M.) ; They cud dee [do] brawly withoot it, OGG Willie Waly
(r873) 76. Frf. She was aye brawly busket, an" tidy, an' clean,
LAING Wayside Firs. (1846) 23. Rnf. O 'tis a weary pain, As
I can brawly tell, BARR Poems (1861) 2. Ayr. 'Can ye gie
a stranger his dinner wi' us the day?" ' Brawly,' answered Jock,
GALT Lairds (1826) xxxviii ; Brawly kens our wanton chief,
BURNS Hee balou ; Wi' gratefu' heart I thank you brawlie, ib. To
W. Simpson.
2. In good health.
Abd. Hoo's your ain folk? — Brawly — meat-hale and hearty,
Guidman Inglismaill (1873) 36. Slk. Hoo's a' wi' ye, Jeems? —
Brawlies — brawlies, sir, CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) IV. 36.
Nhb.1 Hoo is thoo the day ' — Aa's braaly, lad. Wm.1 I'se brahly,
thank yah.
BRAWN, sb.1 Sc. Also written bran.
1. The fleshy part of the leg, the calf.
Inv. (W.M.), Nai. (JAM.) Kcd. Half the beets o' Spanish leather
Risin owre his ample brawn, GRANT Lays (1884) 81. Edb. His
ankle was greater than my brans, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1838) ix.
Gall. (A.W.)
2. Comp. Brawn-burdened. Of persons : carrying sturdy
calves.
Fif. Some, Sampson-thigh'd, and large and big of bone, Brawn-
burdened, six feet high or little less, TENNANT Anster (1812) 67,
ed. 1871.
[1. pe brawne of a man, sura, Cath. Angl. (1483). OFr.
braon, muscle ; Fr. dial. (Norm.) braon, ' partie charnue
du corps' (Moisv).]
BRAWN, sb* Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der.
Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. Rdn. Glo. e.An. Written
bran Nhb.1 [br9n, broan.] A boar pig.
Sc. N. & Q. (1856) 2nd S. i. 416. Rxb. (JAM.), N.Cy.1 Nhb.
A brawn of vast size, RICHARDSON Borderer's Table-bk. (1846) VI.
365 ; Nhb.1 Cum. GROSE (1700) ; Loud as brawns war snowran,
STAGG Misc. Poems (1805) Bridewain; Gl. (1851). Yks. (K.)
n.Yks. 1st weaud [mad] owse, that hiped at our brawn ? MERITON
Praise Ale^f&ifil. 356 ; (T.S.~\ m.Yks.1 w.Yks. It is of a brawn
as you hear. Whose picture hangs up for a sign, MATHER Sngs.
Sheffield (1862) 42; w.Yks.12, Lan.1, ne.Lan.1, e.Lan.1, Chs.1,
3D
BRAWN
[386]
BRAZENED
s.Chs.1, Stf.2, Der.1, Not.1, Lin.1, Lei.1, Nhp.2, War.3, Shr.1
Rdn. MORGAN Wds. (1881). Glo.1, e.An.1 Nrf. CoZENS-HARDY
Broad Nrf. (1893) 7. Suf. RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 289, ed. 1849 >
(F.H.) ; Suf.1 [STEPHENS Farm Bk. (ed. 1849) I. 349.]
Hence Brawner, sb. a gelt boar.
Sc. N. & Q. (1856) and S. i. 417. [STEPHENS Farm Bk. (ed.
1849) I. 349.]
[Brok-brestede as a brawne, with brustils fulle large,
Morle Arlh. (c. 1420) 1095, ed- Brock, 33. A special use
of Brawn, si.1]
BRAWN, see Brand.
BRAWNET, BRAWNY, see Branded.
BRAWSE, sb. pi. Lan.
1. Brambles, furze.
w.Lan. DAVIES Races (1856) 227. s.Lan. BAMFORD Dial. (1850).
2. Comp. Braws-land, light moss land which will produce
straw without grain. s.Lan. ib.
[Perh. the same as Gael, and Ir. preas, a bush, briar
(MACBAIN).]
BRAWSEN, pp. Lan. Burst; gorged with food;
over-full. Cf. brossen.
Lan. There's nowt at a' coorse nor brawsen aboot him, WAUGH
Jannock (1874) v! They're as reaunt an' as brawsen as frogs,
BRIERLEY Waverlow (1863*) 177, ed. 1884 ; He's braws'n wi" sense
[is conceited] (S.W.) ; Lan.1 There's plenty o' chaps i' Rachdaw
teawn at's so brawsen wi' wit, WAUGH Bury (1857) 33.
BRAWSEN, see Brust.
BRAWTCH, sb. e.An. Ken. Written brauch (HALL.),
brawche Ken.2 [br§t/.]
1. A flexible twig of hazel, willow, &c., used by thatchers
to peg down straw or reed.
NrfJ (s.v. Brattlings). Suf. (C.T.) ; Suf.1
2. Obs. Rakings of straw, used to kindle fires.
Ken. LEWIS/. Tenet (1736); GROSE (1790); Obs. (P.M.); Ken.12
BRAXY, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Also in forms
bracks Sc. ; brakesowt, brakshy Cum.1 ; braxied Cum.
See below, [bra'ksi.]
1. An internal inflammation in sheep, occurring in
several forms known as Dry, Dumb, Watery Braxy.
Sc. Also called grass-ill, Annals Agric. (1784-1815 1. Ags.
Another malady preys on the sheep here. Among the shepherds
it is called the Bracks, Barrie Statist. Ace. IV. 242 (JAM.). Cum.1
[The braxy would never affect young hill-sheep, STEPHENS Farm
Bk. (ed. 1849) I. 241.]
2. A sheep that has died of braxyor by some natural death.
Ayr. While moorlan' herds like guid fat braxies, BURNS To
W. Simpson (1785). Gall. (H.M.)
3. The flesh of sheep which have died a natural death ;
diseased mutton.
Arg. A cogie of brose and a bit braxy in his belly, MUNKO
Pibroch (1896) 193. Edb. Salt and water wi' twa or three nips o'
braxy floating about in it, Mom Mansie Wauch (1828, xxvi. Lth.
He ne'er wants a braxy, nor gude reestit ham, BALLANTINE Poems
(1856) 98. Bwk. Stinkin' braxy, teugh as wuddy, HENDERSON
Pop. Rhymes (1856) 83. Gall. Feeding on fine porridge and
braxy, CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (1895) 50. Nhb. Here's milk and
here's meal and here's braxie as weel, ARMSTRONG Wanny Blossoms
(1876) 76. Cum. Mutton ham, ' braxy,' as hard as a deal board
and as salt as brine, LINTON Lizzie Lorton (1867) xvi ; Cum.1 Wm.
' It is no better than brocksha.' Always a term of disgust, and one
in current use (B.K.).
4. Used attrib. in camp. Braxy-mutton.
Sc. Feed him on bearmeal scones and braxy mutton, SCOTT
Redg. (1824) xi ; Braxey mutton alternated with fried bacon,
CUNNINGHAM Broomieburn (1894) vi. Nhb.1 'Traik' (also known
as ' fa'en meat ' and ' saf ') is a gen. term for all dead mutton, as
disting. from butchered mutton ; ' braxy,' on the contrary, refers
to death from a specific disease (s. v. Traik). Cum. Braxied mutton
was a frequent article of diet, FERGUSON Hist. Cum. (ed. 1890) xx.
6. Food of any description. Bnff.1
6. In phr. to say breaksha, 'to say Jack Robinson,'
denoting a very short time.
Cum. He was geaan afooar yan could say ' breaaksha,' SARGISSON
Joe Scoap (1881) 14.
BRAY, v.1 and sb.1 Irel. and all n. counties to Lan.
Also Lin. [bre, brea.]
1. v. To beat ; to bruise or grind to powder.
Uls. (M.B.-S.) n.Cy. GROSE (i 790)^5. add. (P.); N.Cy.1 Nhb.
Aw've bray'd for hours at woody coal, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843)
33 ; Nhb.1 Aa'll bray the sowl oot o' ye. Dur.1, e.Dur.1 Cum.
She brays the lasses, starves the lads, ANDERSON Ballads (1805)
77 ; Jacob Fox brayt a Workington chap till he was o bleud ower,
DICKINSON Lamping/: (1856) 8; Cum.13 Wm. She'd bray'd him
until he was broon as a brackin', BOWNESS Studies (:868) 56;
Before a bench of magistrates a wife lately pleaded that her
husband had brayed her (M.P.) ; Wm.1 n.Yks. The watchmen
fand me, they bray'd me, they wounded me, ROBINSON Sng. Sol.
(1860) v. 7; n.Yks.1 Be sharp, and .get thee yamm, or thee'll get
tha' back bray'd a bits. T'moodher's latin' thee ; n.Yks.2 I'll bray
thee to a mithridate [medicinal confection]. ne.Yks.1 Ger oot o'
t'hus, or ah'll braay tha. e.Yks. To bray limestones for the kiln,
&c., MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788) ; Ah'll bray him black and blew
wi besom shaft, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 23 ; e.Yks.1 m.Yks.1
Wheat is brayed, to prepare it for boiling. w.Yks. Brayin' stoans
at t'roadside, PRESTON in Ytsman. (Sept. 1878) 171 ; Then, lifting
up her umberel, shoo brayed him aght o' t'room, SOWREY Gems
(1891) 49; Bray some sand [for the floor] with a flat-faced
hammer, called the sand-hammer, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Dec. 27,
1890} ; w.Yks.1 Pash'd an bray'd his harnes out, ii. 303 ; w.Yks.35
Lan. A man wad be bray'd to deeath befoor he'd give in, 'EAVES-
DROPPER ' VUl. Life (1869) 24. n-Lan.1 Lin. STREATFEILD Lin. and
Danes (1884) 319.
Hence (i) Brayed, ppl. adj. pounded, pulverized; (2)
Brayer, sb. a beater used in pounding soft sandstone ;
(3) Braying, vbl. sb. pounding ; a beating ; (4) Braying-
steeak, sb. a public whipping-post ; (5) Braying-stone, see
below.
(i) Nhb.1 Brayed sand, (a) ib. (3) Nhb. The stone bench used
for ' braying' sand upon, CLARE Love of Lass (1890) I. 97. Cum.1
Aal gie thee a brayin. Wm. That foks can co themsells Christians
efter . . . braying to mummy ought of their awn likeness, HUTTON
Bran New War* (1785) 1. 165. n.Yks. It finisht up wiv her brayin'
him out, TWEDDELL Clevel. Rhymes (1875) 42 ; n-Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 A
bray ing mortar. w.Yks. Sand costs nowt but t'fotchin' an' t'brayin',
Yks. Factory Times (Aug. 2, 1889) 5. (4)n.Yks.2 (5) Nhb.1, Cum.1
Cum., Wm. The brayin'-stean is a flat-topped stone in a back-yard,
on which was pounded, with another hard stone held in the hand,
the sand for kitchen floors— usually red freestone. The white
pieces were brayed for scouring the milk-vessels of wood (M.P.),
2. sb. A beating, a blow.
s.Dur. He's gitten his brays to-day (J.E.D.). Yks. He's gin
t'chair mony a bray too, Philip Neville, xii. e.Yks. (G.C.), w.Yks.
(W.A.S.)
3. A crumbling stone. Uls. (M.B.-S.)
BRAY, v.' and sb? Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Brks. [bre.]
1. v. Of a horse : to neigh.
Brks. GROSE (1790) ; Gl. (1852) ; Brks.1
2. To cry out ; to shout ; to abuse.
Nhb. Two women disputing in the street ' bray ' each other,
Tit-bits (Aug. 8, 1891) 280. w.Yks. Aw've seen chaps brayin one
another, HARTLEY Seets Paris, 86. ne.Lan.1
3. sb. A loud shout.
Cum. Theear was a greet bray fro them aw like as you heears
noo an' then at t'leckshun times, FARRALL Betty Wilson (1886) 30.
[1. pat hors . . . ran awaye, and faste gan neve and
loude braye, Sir Ferutnbras (c. 1380) 3669. 2. He sal
here it ... Bath cri and brai for dute and drede, Cursor M.
(c. 1300) 22607.]
BRAY, sb.3 Glo. [bre.] Hay raked into long rows,
before it is made into cocks.
Glo. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) ; Glo."
BRAY, see Brae.
BRAYS, see Breeze.
BRAZE, v. e.An. To deny, contradict, argue.
e.An.1 Suf. Don't braze what I say. You would braze any one
out of his chris'nin, Prov. (F.H.)
BRAZED, see Breezed.
BRAZEN, v. Yks. Also Brks. Written braayzen
Brks.1 [bra'zan, Brks. bre-zan.] In phr. to brazen out,
to carry a bold face after wrong-doing.
n.Yks.2 They brazzen'd it out. Brks.1
BRAZEN-DISH, sb. Der. The standard measure for
ore.
Der. HOUGHTON Kara Avis (1681) ; FURNESS Medicus (1836) 33.
BRAZENED, ///. adj. Dur. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Der. Also written brassantWm.1; brassen(e)d n.Yks.1
BRAZEN-MADAM
[387]
BREAD
ne.Yks.1 ; brazent Chs.1 nw.Der.1 ; brazzant w.Yks.5 ;
brazzen'd n.Yks.2 ; brazzent n.Yks.3 e.Yks.1 See below,
[bra'zand, bra'zant, nw.Der. bri'zant.] Bold, impudent,
shameless.
s.Dur. (J.E.D.), Wm.1 n.Yks.1 She's as brassened a browl as
iwer Ah ligged een on ; n.Yks.23, ne.Yks.1, e.Yks.1 w.Yks.
Tha'rt a nasty brazund gooid-for-nowt, Yksman. Xmas Afo. (1878)
10 ; w.Yks.5 As brassant as Hector, 20. Lan. Did hoo stare thee
i' th' face, like a brazent snicket? BRIERLEY Waverlow (1863) 112,
ed. 1884. e.Lan.1, Chs.1, nw.Der.1
Hence Brazzandly, adv. boldly, impudently.
w.Yks. Befooare t'winder he brazzandly stood, BLACKAM Poems
(1867) 28.
BRAZEN-MADAM, sb. Not. Lei. War. An impudent
or shameless ' wench.'
Not.1 Lei.1 ' Jup, yo breezen-madam !' said by a little girl to a
crying baby she was carrying. War.3
BRAZIER, sb. N.I.1 Applied to the following fishes :
(i) Morrhua lusca, pout ; (2) M. minula, poor or power
cod ; (3) Pagellus centrodontus, sea bream.
BRAZIL, si.1 Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Lin. Mtg. Also
written brazzil ne.Yks.1 w.Yks. e.Lan.1 Der.2 In form
brazzin Chs.1 s.Chs.1 [bra'zil, bra-zl.]
1. A hard wood, Brazil wood, Caesalpinia Sappan, taken
as the type of hardness, in phr. as hard as brazil. Some
refer this simile to Brazil, so.2
n.Yks. (W.H.) ne.Yks.1 Only occurs in two expressions, ' as
hard as a brazzil,' and ' as fond as a brazzil.' w.Yks. It forhead
is az hard as brazzil, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Baimsla Ann. (1854)
26 ; w.Yks.2 Lan. I thought that Jack had bin as hard as brazzil,
WAUGH Ch'.mn. Corner(i8-]^) 8 ; Lan.1, e.Lan.1 Chs.1 ' As hard as
brazzin ' is often heard in the neighbourhood of Middlewich ; Chs.3
s.Chs.1 Stf.2 Only in the phr. ' as hard as brazil.' Lin. STREAT-
FEILD Lin. and Danes (1884) 319. n.Lin.1 sw-Lin.1 The ground's
as hard as brazil. Mtg. That fellow's head is as hard as brazil
(E.R.M.).
2. Comp. Brazil-dust, powdered Brazil wood.
n.Lin.1 Used for making diet-drink.
BRAZIL, sb? Yks. Stf. Der. Lei. Shr. Pem. [bra-zil,
bra'zl.]
1. Iron pyrites.
Der.2, nw.Der.1 Shr.1 Brazil is found chiefly in the ' yard-coal.'
s.Pem. The lime-stone be'nt up to mooch, they be full of brazzle
(W.M.M.).
2. Hard, inferior coal.
w.Yks. (S.O.A.) s.Stf. Theer's a putty lot o brazzil in this last
load o' coal, PINNOCK Bit. Cy. Ann. (1895). Lei.1 Used in furnaces
for the manufacture of crown-glass, &c.
BRAZZIL, sb. Chs.1 A Brazil nut.
BRAZZLE, v. Yks. To knock down. Cf. broizle.
n.Yks. Ah'll brazzle thee down tl t'hahstns (I.W.).
BRAZZLE, see Bristle, Brizzle.
BRAZZLED, ppl. adj. Cum. Yks. Also in forms
brizled, bruzled Cum.1 Scorched, parched, over-cooked.
Cum.1 ' Brazzled pez ' are scorched peas scrambled for by boys
. . . amongst the hot ashes [of a burnt sheaf of peas]. Yks. Applied
to meat too much boiled, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.)
BRAZZOCKS, see Bazzocks.
BREA, see Brae, Breeze.
BREAADY, sb. Wm. A cow.
Wm. I went . . . wie awr breaady toth bull, WHEELER Dial.
(1790) 60.
BREACH, sb., v. and adj. Lin. Bdf. e.An. Sus. Wil.
Som. Dev. Cor. Also Amer. Also written brache, brach
Bdf. ; bratch e.An.1 ; breicht- Lin. [britj, w.Som. bretf.]
1. sb. A breach of manners or conduct.
Lin. (G.G. WO sw-Lin.1 She made a sad breach before she left.
2. Land prepared for seed.
Wil.(G.E.D.) w.Som.1 If thoroughly broken up and pulverized
it is said to be a good breach. If this is not done from any cause,
a bad breach. Dev.1, nw.Dev.1 Cor.2 Coarse, furzy, and heathy
ground on which the turf has been cut and burnt.
3. Comp. Breach-land, land newly broken up from
grass.
Lin., Cor. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
4. Any kind of spring-sown corn ; all leguminous crops.
Bdf. BATCHELOR Anal. Eng. Lang. (1809) ; They'll be getting in
the brache (J.W.B.). e.An.1
5. Comp. Breach-crop, any spring crop ; the third crop
in rotation.
Lin. What is commonly called the breach-crop being sowed in
moities of beans and oats, MARSHALL Review (1811) 111.49. e.An.
MORTON Cyclo. Agric. ( 1863).
6. v. Of cattle : to break fences. Cor.1
Hence Breachy, adj. wild, given to breaking fences;
-
Sus. HOLLOWAY ; Sus.1 Som. A log of wood is hung round a
cow's neck when the animal is breachy (W.F.R.). Cor. As wild
and as breachy as deers, THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) 7 ; Cor.1
A breachy cow. [New Eng. Applied to unruly oxen, BARTLETT.
Can. He owned a yoke of villanous ' breachy ' oxen, Cornh. Mag.
XLVII. 592.]
7. adj. Wild, knowing no bounds.
Dev.1 Hold not so breach now, but hear first what I've to zay,
22. Cor. A horse or other beast is said to be breach, Monthly
Mag. (1808) II. 423 ; She [the cow] is rather breach, and she've
had a taste of Tom Delbridge's ooats theere, TREGELLAS Rural
Pop. (1863) 53.
BREACHY, adj. Sus. Hmp. Cor. [brrtji.] Brackish,
having a salt taste. Cf. brack.
Sus.'2 Hmp.1 Appl. to smuggled spirits which have been im-
pregnated with salt water. Cor. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ;
Cor.1 Breachy water ; Cor.2
[Writers have distinguished . . . Odours and Savours,
as sweet, bitter, salt, sharp, breachy, soure, CHANDLER
Van Helmont (1662) 158 (N.E.D.).J
BREAD, s*.1 Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. Eng. Also
Colon. Also written breid Sc. ; breod w.Yks.1 Lan.1 ;
brade Lan.1 e.Lan.1 ; breead Wm.1 e.Yks.1
1. A loaf of bread.
Sc. Still used by bakers (JAM.).
2. Oat-cake ; hard biscuit.
Abd. Fat are ye deein pirlin aboot at yer breid ? ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb (1871) viii. Lan. Win yo have hard brade ? WAUGH
Life and Localities (1855) 24; Lan.1, e.Lan.1 [ Nflcl. Hard biscuit,
Amer. Flk-Lore Soc. (1894).]
3. A cake.
Lan.1 Wilto have breod or loaf ?
4. Comp. (i) Bread-berry, soaked bread eaten by little
children, pap ; (2) -biscuit, a small round loaf baked in
a shallow tin ; (3) -combed, of honey : candied, sugary ;
(4) -creel, a frame, suspended in a kitchen, on which
oat-cake is placed to dry ; see Bread-flake ; (5) -jack, a
relieving officer ; (6) -loaf, a loaf of bread ; (7) -meal,
(a) unrefined flour used in the making of brown bread ;
(b) the flour of pease and barley ; (8) -morning, a piece
of bread given to a ploughman on going to his work in
the morning; (9) -reel, see -creel; (10) -spade, an iron
instrument made in the shape of a spade used for turning
bread on the griddle ; (n) -sticks, a wooden frame upon
which to dry bread-cakes before the fire; (12) -trug, a
wooden basket for holding bread ; (13) -winner, a means of
livelihood.
(i) Sc. (JAM.) (a) e.Yks.1 (3) Hrt. The honey is apt to grow
candied, or what we call bread-combed, ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750)
V. i. (4) w.Yks. The bread-creel with its oaten cake laid on to
dry . . . had been disbanded, BINNS From Vill. to Town (1882) 10;
w.Yks.3 (5) Lin.1 (6) n.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) n-Yks.1
Reach me here t'breead-leeaf, wilt 'ee. Ah deean't want nobbut
a shahve. ne.Yks.1 w.Yks.5 Gee him a cut off o't bread-loaf, an'
lehr him be off ! Lin. She will gladly cut you a slice of the bread-
loaf she makes herself, STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes (1884) 264.
sw.Lin.1 Tak' us a bread-loaf when the baker comes. (7, a) n.Yks.1,
ne.Yks.1, w.Yks.s, n-Lin.1 (A) Rxb. QAM.) (8) Rxb. (JAM.) (9)
w.Yks.3 (10) Abd. JAM.) (n) Cum.1 (12) Ken. (^P.M.) (13)
Ayr. An aged woman who has but the distaff for her bread-winner,
GALT Ann. Parish (1821) 174.
5. Phr. (i) Bread and dippy, barley bread and thin
cream ; (2) — and milk, the cuckoo-flower, Cardamine
pratensis ; (3) — and pull it, dry bread ; (4) — and scrape,
bread with very little butter on it ; (5) — o' the pie, pie-
crust ; (6) in bad — , out of favour ; (7) no — in nine loaves,
see below ; (8) out of — , out of work ; (9) to bake one's — ,
to kill, to 'do for" ; (10) to make — , of a cat : to claw or
tear at the ground, considered a sign of rain.
(i) Cor. THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) Gl. (a) Gmg. (B. &H.)
3 D 2
BREAD
[388]
BREAK
(3) Stf.2, Wor. (J.W.P.) (4) Cor. Half starving Jacob with
bread and scrape, that she might have the more butter to sell,
BOTTERELL Trad. (1873) 3rd S. 162. (5) w.Cor. (M.A.C.) (6)
Sc. (JAM.) e.Ltb. I saw fine I was gaun to be in bad breid wi'
baith sides, HUNTER J. Inwick (18951 233- Cnm. That's hoo he
gat inteh sec bad bread wih t'maister, SARGISSON JoeScoap (1881)
139 ; Cum.2 (7) Nhp.1 ' If I don't speak to such an one when I
meet her, there will be no bread in nine loaves,' i.e. she will fancy
I am proud or offended. (81 Ayr. It's my notion they were play-
actors out o' bread, GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822) xiii. N.Cy.1 He's
out o" brede, poor man. Wm.1, w.Yks.1 (9) Ir. One inch of it
would have baked your bread for life, CARLETON Fardorougha
(1836) 72. w.Ir. Now, says he, your bread's baked, my buck,
LOVER Leg. (1848) I. 232. (10) Sus.1 s.v. Quilt.
BREAD, sb? Sc. Our. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Not.
Lin. Shr. Pern. Also written breead Chs.1 ; brede N.Cy.1
Dur.1 n.Yks.1 ne.Yks.1 w.Yks.12 ne.Lan.1 nw.Der.1 Not.
sw.Lin.1; breed n.Yks.12 e.Yks.1 m.Yks.1 w.Yks.5 n.Lin.
s Pern. ; breede w.Yks.1; breid Sc. ; brade Shr.1 [brld.]
1. Breadth ; a breadth of material ; a space in a field.
Cf. abrede.
Sc. Wi unchristened fingers maun plait down the breeds,
Remains Sng. in (JAM.). Abd. I winna flench a hair's breid,
ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (i87i)xliii. Per. A stockin'o' guineas, —
a gown breed o' silk, NICOLL Poems (1837) 138, ed. 1843. N.Cy.1,
s.Dur. (J.E.D.), Dur.1 n-Yks.1 There was t'w'oll brede o' t'garth
betwixen him an' me. T'brede o' t'road. T'brede o' mah hand.
Whyah, there's ten bredes iv her dress, if there's yan. ne.Yks.1
There was a greeat brede o' watther oot. e.Yks.1 What was
size on't ?— Aboot breed o' my hand. m.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 ; w.Yks.2
When sportsmen are shooting, the beaters form a line and beat or
drive the game before them. Each breadth or portion of ground
beaten is called a brede ; w.Yks.5 A rare breed, — yuh could swim
a faew cockle-shells on't [alluding to the Humber]. ne.Lan.1
Chs.1 2 ; Chs.8 There is a good bread of corn sown this year.
nw.Der.1 s.Not.Ah mean to sow a good brede of onions (J.P.K.).
Lin. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). n.Lin. SUTTON Wds. (1881) ;
n.Lin.1 He's two breads o' land e' Ep'uth field. swXin.1 The
mester left several bredes without management, and there's
nothing on them. Shr.1 'Ow many brades han 'ee got'n in yore
gownd ? it looks mighty skimity. s.Pem. The width carried by
the harvesters or reapers when cutting corn (W.M.M.).
Hence (i) Breaden, v. to grow or make broad ; to
spread out ; (2) Breader, sb. a slab-stone, the full breadth
of the pavement ; (3) Breadness, sb. breadth.
(i) n.Yks.2 He breeadens on't. w.Yks.3 (2, 3) n.Yks.2
2. Phr. (i) In breed, of hay : spread out on the ground,
not made into cocks ; (2) on the broad of one's back, lying
on one's back.
(i) n.Yks.2 T'hay had better be i' breed. (2) Rnf. 'Mang th'
ferns on the braid o' his back, BARR Poems (1861 ) 120. Ayr. Hoo do
you think I'm to lie here on the braid o' my back, for sax owks or
mair? SERVICE Notandums (1890) i. Cum. Sprawlin on the brade
o's back, STAGG Misc. Poems (1807) 145.
[Throuch all cuntreyes in lenth and breid, DALRXMPLE
Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1596) I. 157 ; Al peynted was the wal,
in lengthe and brede, CHAUCER C. 7. A. 1970. OE. bradu,
breadth.]
BREAD, v. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Also written
breade N.Cy.2 Nhb. ; bryed Lan. ; braid Cum.1 n.Yks.12;
brade ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. ; brede, breed Nhb.1 e.Dur.1 n.Yks.2;
breid w.Yks.; breeod w.Yks.; breead n.Yks.2 e.Lan.1;
brad e.Yks. Lan.1 e.Lan.1 [brid, bred, brad.] To
broaden ; to spread out, extend ; also fig. to publish
abroad. Sometimes with prep. out.
N.Cy.2 Nhb. GROSE (1790); Nhb.1 Here, lads! let's breed a
slidey. e.Dur.1, Cnm.1 n.Yks.1 He brades it out everywhere,
and the family don't like it ; n.Yks.2 Braded abroad. ne.Yks.1
Sha brades it aboot. e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks. It's soa
thin it breeods eawt a greyt way (D.L.) ; Breiding, woollen trade
term : stretching and fixing at its proper breadth while wet from
the fulling stocks, on the tenders ; effected by an iron lever with
an attached fulcrum, called a ' gavlok ' (VW.T.). Lan. I munt
oather bryed mowdywarp-holes or gut' Rachdaw, TIM BOBBIN
View Dial. (1746) 16, ed. 1806; Th' felle conno o' towd o' i' th'
tene by nah, if he'd done nawt else sin I brad meh een on him
yusterneet, PAUL BOBBIN Sequel (1819) 24; A noiceclen cloth wur
brad uppoth table, SCHOLES Tim Gamwattle (1857) 21 ; Lan.1,
e.Lan.1
[He . . . arais all j>e cite, Braidis ouire with bawdkyns,
Wars Alex. (c. 1450) 1514 ; Be ban (by that time) burdes
were bred in the brade halle, Dest. Troy (c. 1400] 383.
OE. brcedan, to make broad ; cp. G. breiten.]
BREAD, see Braid, Broad.
BREAD-AND-BUTTER, sb. Lin. Ken. Sus. Guern.
[bre'n-bBta(r).]
1. A slice of bread and butter.
Ken. (P.M.) : Ken.1 I've only had^wo small brenbutters for my
dinner. Sus.12 Guern. She had a bread and butter to her tea
(G.H.G.).
2. Comb. Bread-and-butter dog, a dog kept for amuse-
ment, not for use.
n-Lin.1 Whose dog's that, Dick ?— It's th' parson's new un. — Oh,
it'll be nobbut a bread-an'-butter dog, I reckon then.
BREAD-AND-CHEESE, sb. Var. dial, uses in Irel.
and Eng. Also written breed- Nhb.1; bren-chaze Brks.1;
bre'n' cheise s.Chs.1
1. The mid-day meal. Brks. (M.E.B.) ; Brks.1
2. Comb. Bread- and-cheese friend, a true friend as
distinguished from a cupboard lover. Sus.1
3. In plant-names: (i) the opening leaf-buds of hawthorn,
Crataegus oxyacantha ; often eaten by children in spring ;
(2) the. seed of mallow, Malva sylvestris; so called from
its supposed taste ; (3) Oxalis acetosella, wood sorrel ;
(4) Linaria vulgaris, yellow toad-flax ; (5) Agrostis vulgaris,
fine bent-grass ; (6) Rumex acelosa.
(i) N.I.1, Nhb.1, w.Yks. (J.T.), w.Yks.2, Lan.1, Chs.1, s-Chs.1,
Stf.2, s.Not. (J.P.K.), Not.1, n-Lin.1, War. (J.R.W.), War.2", Wor.
(J.W.P.), Shr.1, Bck., Mid., Cmb.1, e.An., Ken., Sus., Hmp.1, Wil.1
Dev. WILLS w. Times (Mar. 12, 1886; 6. Cor.1 (2) Yks. n.Lin.1,
Shr.1, Oif., Hmp. (W.M.E.F.), s.Wil. (E.H.G.) Wil. SLOW Gl.
(1892) ; Wil.1 Dor. (G.E.D.) Som. SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl.
(1885). Dev. WILLS w. Times (Mar. 12, 1886) 6. (3) Lan. Science
Gossip (1882) 164 ; Lan.1 Phr. used by children. Chs.1, Dev. (4)
Wil.1 (5) Sus. (6) Dev.
4. The yellow ammer, Emberiza citrinella, so called
from the peculiar intonation of its song.
Shr. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 70 ; Shr.1
BREAD-BOARD, see Broad-board.
BREAD-CORN, s*. Lin. Dev. Corn to be ground
into bread-meal; formerly allowed to farm-bailins and
labourers as part of their wages.
n.Lin.1 It was, until the recent fall in the price of corn, a common
custom with farmers, when they engaged a bailin", to contract
to give him a certain sum of money per annum, and to allow
him his bread-corn at the rate of forty shillings a quarter. Dev.
To these wages must be added the standing supply of bread corn,
MARSHALL Review (1817) V. 574.
[A busschel of bred-corn he bringe|> ber-inne, P. Plow-
man (A.) vii. 58.]
BREAD-FLAKE, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Also written
•fleyk m.Lan.1; breead-fleeak n.Yks.2 ; breeod-flake Lan.;
brade-fleigh, -flake Lan.1 ; brade-fleygh e.Lan.1 ; see
below, [bria'd-, bri'd-fle'k.] A stringed frame suspended
from the ceiling upon which oatcake is placed to harden.
n.Yks.2 w.Yks. It's a queer kind iv a spot; ther's norther a
man ner a bread-fleak (F.P.T.) ; Th' cubbords empty an th' breead-
flaiks bare, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1894) 53. Lan. We never see'n
no boggarts neaw, nobbut when the brade-fleigh's empty, WAUGH
Birthpl. Tim Bobbin (1858) ii ; He kud reytch o kake awf brade-
fleyk wi his meawth, Sam Sondnokkur, pi. iii. 10 ; Lan.1, eXan.1,
m.Lan.1, Chs.1
BREADTH, sb. Sc. Yks.
1. Area or acreage of a farm ; a row of potatoes.
Sc. She could just as easily hoe a breadth of potatoes, ... as she
could sit by the fireside, SWAN Gates of Eden (1895) i. w.Yks.2 A
man who was inquiring as to the quantity of some land said to me
' What breadth is there ? ' w.Yks.3 What breadth o' land is there ?
2. In phr. to give one the breadth of his back, to knock
a person down on his back.
Dmb. Ye may shurely manage to gi'e ane o' them the breadth o'
his back, and I'll tak' care o' the ither, CROSS Disruption (1844) xxviii.
BREAK, sb.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Not. Nhp.
e.An. Also written brek Cum.1; breck Nhb.1 w.Yks.
Not. e.An.1 Nrf.1 Suf. ; brick Nhb.1; brake Nhp.a; brak
S. & Ork.1 ; breake w.Yks.2
BREAK
[389]
BREAK
1. A piece of ground broken up for cultivation or other
purposes ; a piece of unenclosed arable land.
e.Lth. After the harrowing, the outworkers should go over the
break, MUCKLEBACKIT Rhymes (1885) 178. Cum.1 w.Yks. Land
which has been broken up to extract stone, CUDWORTH Manning-
ham (1896) 4; w.Yks.2, Not. (J.H.B.) e.An. MORTON Cyclo.
Agric. (1863); The local word 'breck' is used to signify ground
which at any former period has been broken up but not enclosed,
MURRAY e.Countits (1892) 25. Nrf. RAY (1691) ; (K.) ; These
coast insects have also occurred on the sandy ' brecks ' around
Brandon, MILLER & SKERTCHLY Finland (1878) xii. [GROSE
(1790).]
2. A part of a field enclosed or divided off from the
other part ; a large division of an open corn-field ; a
division in a farm ; see below.
Sc. Such farms are divided into three . . . breaks, Kilwinning
Statist. Ace. xi. 152 (JAM.). Frf. A break of turnips is that part of
a field occupied by sheep, STEPHENS Farm Bk. (ed. 1849) I. aia.
Ant. A square or plot in a garden (W.H. P."). Nhb.1 A patch of
growing turnips surrounded by a net within which sheep are
placed to eat off the crop. Not. It has been an immemorial custom
for the inhabitants of townships to take up breaks or temporary
inclosures, MARSHALL Review (1814) IV. 149. e.An.1 Nrf. Large
new made enclosures, MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1787) ; Nrf.1 Snf.
SWAINSON Birds (1885) 289. [GROSE (1790) ; MORTON Cyclo. Agric.
(1863).]
3. A field after the corn has been reaped. Nhp.2
4. A furrow in ploughing. Sc. (JAM.)
5. The bursting of waves on the sea-shore.
S. & Ork.1 e.Yks. I fetched it aw' oop fra' the breck of the say,
and the cobbles, BLACKMORE Mary Anerley (1879) xvii.
6. A downfall, a heavy fall of snow.
Slk. Such a break of snaw as had scarcely ever been seen,
HOGG Tales (1838) 299, ed. 1866.
7. Obs. A rout or defeat.
N.I.1 Used by the Uls. Scots. The Break of Drummore. The
Break of Killeleigh.
BREAK, sb? Nhb. Cum. Wm. Lan. Also written
breck Nhb.1 Cum. Wm. ; brek Cum. Wm. n.Lan. ; brik
Cum. [brek.] An amusing occurrence, a jest, a practical
joke.
Nhb.1 Od ; I could tell ye ower as monie o' Jamie's brecks as
wad fill a hale beuik, ARMSTRONG Dandie Dinmont. Cum. Till efter
them Bill maade a brek, ANDERSON Ballads (1808) 172 ; A jolly brek
we'll hev, RICHARDSON Talk (1871) 95, ed. 1876 ; Waent it be a
gay brik to leaave Joe and let him woke yam, Kendal Merc. (Feb.
10, 1888 1 5 ; Cum.3 Wm. & Cum.1 Here's Yorkshire impudence,
Advancin' for a brek, 185. Wm. He wes a varra cunning taggett,
an used ta hevterble brecks wi fokes, Spec. Dial. (1880) pt. ii. 33 ;
Let's put a breck o" mi faddur, fer his queerness. [The said 'breck'
consisted of driving slates, stones, and pieces of iron into the
earth where 'faddur' was mowing] (B.K.). n.Lan. (W.S.)
[Profr. the same word as above.]
BREAK, v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. Eng. and Colon.
I. Grammatical forms in van dial, and lit. meanings.
[For further examples, see II. below.]
1. Pres. Tense : (i) Brek, (2) Breck, (3) Breke, (4) Breek,
(5) Brik, (6) Brick, (7) Brak, (8) Brack, (9) Breyk, (10)
Breighk, (n) Braayke, (12) Breik, (13) Bryk.
(i) Sc. (JAM. Supfil.) Cum. The mistress's tongue was about to
brek loose, BURN Fireside Crack (1886) 9. Wm. T'll t'day breks,
an' t'shaddo's flees away, RICHARDSON Sng. Sol. (1860) ii. 17.
w.Yks. T'coord ud happen brek, PRESTON Poetns(i&6^') 7 ; WRIGHT
Gram. Wndhll. (1892) 146 ; w.Yks.1*, n-Lan.1, Dor.1 (a) Sc, (JAM.
Supply Cum.3 He teuk to breckan lumps off wid a queer lal
hammer, 2. Wm. Or o' mass that e'er was sed Could niver breck
the lease, WHITEHEAD Leg. (1859) 36- w.Yks.1 Flaid shoe sud
faw an breck her neck, ii. 287. (3) Sc. n.Yks.1 (4) ne.Yks.1
Lan. The gusts that on the casement breek, HARLAND Lyrics (1866)
185. s.Chs.1 (5) Sc. Brik thair teeth, O God, in thair mooth,
RIDDELL Ps. (1857) viii. 6. Nhb. Galloppin fit te brik their necks,
BEWICK Tales (1850) 10. Stf.2 (6) Nhb.1 Dur. Until t'day
brick, an t'shadows flee away, MOORE Sng. Sol. (1860) ii. 17.
Lan. String mun o' bin rotten to brick i' that way, ' EAVESDROPPER'
VM. Life(iS6cj) 18. (7) n.Sc. (JAM.) Abd. A judgment for brakin'
the Sabbath, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xi. (8) Sc. (JAM.)
Bnff.1 (9) e-Lan.1 (10) Lan. (n) Brks.1 ^ 12) w.Yks. (13)80.
MURRAY Dial. (1873) 203.
2. Pret. : (i) Brack, (2) Brak, (3) Brok, (4) Broked, (5)
Brack, (6) Breek, (7) Briuk, (8) Brauk, (9) Brake.
(i) Dmf. A soun' brack on my ear, QUINN Heather (ed. 1863)
196. Nhb. He brack his shin, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) ii. st.
20; Nhb.1, Dur.1 Cum. The form it brack, and down they fell,
GILPIN Sngs. (1866) 302. Wm.1, n.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 It brack au
to smash, ii. 287. n-Lin.1 He brack th' seein-glass all e' peaces,
an' we've not hed noa luck sin'. (2) Sc.As day brak butter brak,
RAMSAY Prov. (1737) ; MURRAY Dial. (1873) 203. Abd. The strap
o' ane o' my queetikins brak, ALEXANDER johnny Gibb (1871) xviii.
e.Lth. The sweat brak on me, HUNTER J. Intvick (1895) 220. Dur.1
Cum. T'dance brak up at last, RICHARDSON Talk (1871) 5, ed.
1876. Wm. Soo brak awt oth hull, WHEELER Dial. (1790) na,
ed. 1821 ; Wm.1 I nivver brak breead e t'hoose. n.Yks.12 It brak
itweea. e.Yks.1 w.Yks. WRIGHT Gram. Wndhll. (1892) 146. Lan.1,
n.Lan.1 (3) w.Yks.2 (4) w.Som.1 w.Cor. Our ma-aid broked two
chancy plates (M.A.C.). (5) Not, Ess.1 (6) Lan. (7) Abd. (8)
nw.Dev.1 (9) w.Yks.
3. Pp. : (i) Brokken, (2) Brocken, (3) Broke, (4)
Broked, (5) Broak, (6) Bruk, (7) Brack, (8) Brak, (9)
Brekken, (10) A-brokt.
(i) Sc. MURRAY Dial. (1873) 203. Nhb. He hesint brokken his
fast to-day, BEWICK Tales (1850) 10. Cum. Wm. An awful
silence . . . was sean brokken by a skirling bullet, HUTTON Bran
New Work (1785) 1. 336. n.Yks. Sheea'd neea beeans brokken,
TWEDDELL Clevel. Rhymes (1875) 36 ; n.Yks.2, e.Yks.1 w.Yks
They say he duzzent knaw yet at its brokken, LUCAS Stud"
Nidderdale (c. 1880) Gl.; Brokn, WRIGHT Gram. Wndhll. (1892)'
146; w.Yks.23 Lan. Brokken down, BRIERLEY Layrock (1864)
iii. e.Lan.1, Chs.1, n.Lin.1 (2) Nhb.1, Dnr.1, Cum., w.Yks.
Lan. Th' fence is brocken down, LAYCOCK Sngs. (1866) ao. (3)
Ir., Chs.13, n-Lin.1, swXin.1, Nhp.1, Glo.1, Oxf.1, Hmp.1, WU.1,
Dor.1, Dev. (4) w.Som.1, Dev. (5) n.Lin.1 (6) I.Ma. A fellow's
head That was bruk, BROWNE Doctor (1887) 6. (7) s.Not. Who's
bruck the winder? (J.P.K.) (8) Sc. (JAM.) (9) w.Yks.3 (10)
w.Som.1
II. Dial, usages.
1. Of land : to prepare for cultivation by ploughing ;
sometimes with preps, up and in.
n.Sc. He brook-up's ae-year-aul girns and pat bere intill 't
(W.G.). Bnff.1 Fif. Break in, to go twice over ground with
the harrow the first time that this instrument is applied (JAM.).
n.Yks. Hev ye brocken t'pastur yit? (I.W.) Lin. Breaking up
grass-lands, MARSHALL Review (1811) III. 52. Oxf.1 MS. add.
w.Som.1 Thick there field would stand well, 'tis murder to break-n.
He've a-brokt the Little Ten Acres and a-put-n to wheat. nw.Dev.1
[Can. They . . . have been ' breaking" since the frost allowed it,
ROPER Track and Trail (1891) vi.]
2. To become bankrupt ; to fail ; also fig.
Elg. I starlit fairmin', an' brak like the lave, TESTER Poems (1865)
108. Ayr. Her gudeman brak and die't o' a broken heart, GALT
Sir A. Wylie (1822) xc; [He] brak and gaed a* to pigs and whussles,
SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887) 143. Lth. The wabsters are breaking,
our looms they stand still, MACNEILL Poet. IVks. (1801) 220, ed.
1856. Ir. Who dares to say I was ' broke,' LEVER Martins (1856)
I. xv. e.Yks.1 w.Yks. If ide a brocken an let foaks in, ad a goan
ta America aght at gate, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1852)
35 ; w.Yks.2 Lan. Ten shillin' wain't breighk him, CLEGG David's
Loom (1894) ii. e.Lan.1 Chs.1 Booths has broke! an' cheppest farm
i' Kelsa ; Chs.3 ' I'm broke ! ' a lad's exclamation when he has lost
his last marble. Stf.2 s.Lin. (T.H.R.) War.3 He is welly broke.
Oxf.1 Broke all to pieces, MS. add. Dor. Mr. Chapman's a-broke,
BARNES Gl. (1863).
Hence (i) Break, sb. failure; (2) Broken, ppl. adj.
bankrupt.
(i) Kcd. The brak' o' a bank, GRANT Lays and Leg. (1884) 199.
(2) Cum., Wm. A brokken tradesman (M.P.).
3. In phr. (i) to break with the full hand, to make a
fraudulent bankruptcy ; (2) to be broke for, to have
exhausted one's supply of.
(i) Lnk. Some . . . break wi' the fu' han', an' pay nocht ava',
THOMSON Musings (1881) 221. (2) n.Lin.1 We're broak for kindlin',
we hev'n't soa much as a stick aboot th' yard. Nhp.1 We're quite
broke for water this dry weather.
4. To tear, to rend ; sometimes in phr. to break abroad ;
also with prep, up, to tear open (a letter).
Nhp.1 This gown is worn out ; it is good for nothing but to
break. Glo.1 Please, governess, her's a-broke my jackut. Hmp. I
have a-torn my best decanter. I have a-broke my fine cambrick
apron, GROSE (1790); The girl's mistress had 'broken up' a
BREAK
[390]
BREAK
letter which arrived for the maid, BLACKLEY Word Gossip ( 1869)
157 ; Hmp.1 Wil.1 She'll break her gownd agen thuc tharn. Dor.
(A.C.); (W.C.) w.Som.1 Dhiis ez dree tuymz uur-v u-broa-kt
ubroaiid ur dhingz [this is three times she has torn up her clothes].
Dev. I've a brok'd my breeches, DAVIES Memoir Russell (1878)
293. nw.Dev.1 You'll break yur clothes to pieces.
5. To carve, to cut up.
Sc. The king had been so busy . . . with the mystic operation
of breaking, in vulgar phrase, cutting up the deer, SCOTT Nigel
(1822) xxvii ; To brek a bouk or carcase, to brek a salmon (JAM.).
5. & Ork.1 Breaking down a cow is taking down the carcase from
where it has been suspended, and cutting it up. Abd. Stand up
an' break the chuckie, BEATTIES Time Parings (1813) 9, ed. 1873.
Hence Brekar, sb. one who carves or divides a
carcass, &c.
Sc. A bouk or carcase brekar (JAM.).
6. To rupture ; also in phr. to break one's body.
Chs.1 Lin. He broke his body with picking corn (R.E.C.).
Hence (i) Break, sb., (a) Breaking-down, vbl. sb.
a rupture ; (3) Broken-bodied, ppl. adj. ruptured.
(i) [LowsoN Mod. Farrier (1844) 86.] (2) [It consists of
rupture, more or less, of the muscles as well as fibrous expansion
which form the wall of the abdomen, ARMITAGE Sheep (1882) 164.]
(3) n.Yks.2 He's broken-bodied i'baith sahds. n.Lin.1, sw.Lin.1
7. To break the skin of.
s.Not. She fell down and broke her face (J.P.K.).
8. With prep, off: to discharge, vent wind from one's
stomach.
n.Yks.1 It's sair plagued wi' wind, puir lahtle thing! Caan'tyou
gi'e 't some-'at t'break't off?
0. Of sheep and cattle : to break fence, to stray ; also
with prep, out, and in phr. to break about, to be accustomed
to escape from enclosures, to stray habitually.
w.Som.1 Dhu kaew-z u-broakt aewt' ugee'un [the cow has
broken out again]. Dev. He do break about I can't keep'm no
place, Reports Provinc. ( 1886) 92 ; Farmer Burneby's sheep that
have broken, BARING-GOULD Spider (1887) vii.
Hence (i) Break-about, adj. wild, unmanageable, given
to breaking fence ; (2) -ditch, sb. a straying cow.
(i) w.Som.1 Dhai bee dhu brai-k ubaewt-s laut u sheep livur
aay-d u-gaut [they are the break-aboutest lot of sheep (that") I
ever had]. Dev. Heps a proper break-about old thing, her is,
Reports Provinc. (1886) 92. (a) Ctun. LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 298.
10. To change money ; to begin to use a store of food,
&c. ; freq. with prep, into or on.
Sc. To open a full bottle (JAM.). Bnff.1 Fin ye brack-o' yir
new anker o' fuskie. N.I.1 Can you break that pound note for me !
w.Yks. Aw'd to braik into a soverin 'at aw'd put i' mi fob for
fear o' accident, HARTLEY Tales, and S. 65.
11. Of milk: to curdle. Of cheese: to reduce the lumpy
curd to an even mass ; gen. with prep. down.
w.Yks. (J.T.) Chs. To break the curd by repeatedly putting
the hands down into the curd (the cheese-maker with the skim-
ming dish in one hand) and breaking every part thereof as they
catch it, MARSHALL Review (1818) II. 52 ; Chs.8 Breaking down
or dividing the curd of a cheese, when thick and solid, with the
' dairymaid.'
Hence Breaking-down, vbl. sb. the process of reducing
curd to an even mass for cheese.
Chs. MARSHALL Review (1818) II. 53.
12. Of the water of a mere : to present the appearance
of a broad surface-current running directly across it;
to become troubled during the month of August by
microscopic algae.
s.Chs^BaaT-mae-^zbin bree'kin dhfls aaf'turnoo'n [Bar-mere's
bin breekin' this afternoon]. Shr.1 The winter-spores are doubt-
less the central spherical cells which sink to the bottom of the
lake and remain there dormant until August, when they rise to
the surface, and germination takes place by throwing out the
radiating filaments, which eventually again produce the sporangia,
which sink as before, Report Severn Vail. Natur. Field Club (Aug.
6, 1878). There are other meres and pools in Salop, besides
Ellesmere Mere, that are known to ' break.' White Mere, Crose-
mere, Hawkstone Mere, Marlon Pool (near Cherbury), and Ber-
rington Pool, for instance.
13. Of a spring : to rise.
Wil.1 When the springs doe breake in Morecombe-bottom, in
the parish of Broade Chalke, 'tis observed that it foretells a deer
yeare for come, AUBREY Nat. Hist. Wilts, 34, ed. Brit.
14. Of the hair or wool of animals : to fall off.
n.Yks.1 Esp. of the wool of a sheep in the spring. Yon sheep's
wool's breaking. w.Yks. That dog' hair's breaking (C.C.R.).
Hence Broken, ppl. adj. Of a horse's coat : rough, in
process of changing. Chs.8
16. Of a trap : to spring.
Dev. A rat was caught in the store-room, and the butler ex-
claimed ' She's broke the gin,' Reports Provinc. (1895).
16. To turn at a point, or make an angle sharply.
Yks. It's yonder-anenst, where 'the hill breaks [begins to de-
cline] (C.C.R.).
Hence Break, sb. the turning-point of a road or hill ;
the discontinuance of a mineral vein ; also in comb.
Break-off.
Sc. (JAM.), Nhb.1, Wm.1 w.Yks. (J. P.) ; Yonder he is at the
break of the lane (C.C.R.).
17. With prep, up : to open an ecclesiastical convention
with a sermon.
Sc. [The] minister of the town did break up the assembly,
GUTHRY Mem. (1747) 47 OAM.).
18. To disappoint ; also in phr. I'm like to brak, expressive
of great grief. n.Sc. QAM.) ; (W.G.)
19. With prep, with : to be no longer on friendly terms
with a person.
Brks.1 To braayke with a person.
20. To break out.
Chs.1 The air [sky] broke red (s. v. Air).
21. With prep, out : to be afflicted with sores, boils, &c.
w.Yks. He can't hev his likeness ta'en yet 'cos his face is all
brokken aht (S.K.C.). Not. (L.C.M.)
Hence Break, sb. a breaking-out on the skin, gen.
used in phr. breaks and byles. n.Yks.12
22. To sell by retail.
Sc. I darena sell the bouk, I man brek it to the neebours a"
roun (JAM. Suppl.).
Hence Brekar, sb. a retailer, one who sells his goods
in small portions (JAM. Suppl.).
23. With prep. up. Of weather : to change. Of frost,
clouds, &c.: to go away, disappear, disperse.
Ant. This day's finely broken up [the rain has ceased], Bally-
ntena Obs. (1892). Stf.2 8 weSarz 0 brikin up, wfii San av it foin
jet far 81. n.Lin.1 Nhp.1 The weather's broke up ; we shan't
have it fine again at present. War.3 Shr.1 ' The weather's caselty ;
but be-appen it'll break-up.' They say, too, the clouds will
' break-up.'
Hence Broken, ppl. adj. changeable, uncertain.
w.Yks.1 It's brocken weather.
24. In phr. (i) to break out fine, to become fine; (2) to
break the weather, to bring about a change in the weather.
(i)Suf. I think it will break out fine in an hour or two(M.E.R.).
(2) Ayr. When he was sayin' the grace, and saw the cat through
his fingers washin' her face wi' her paw, he stopped immediately,
and flung his Stewarton bonnet at bawdrons wi' the indignant
question, ' Damn ye, would ye break the weather in my vera
face ? ' SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887) 283.
25. To beat, thrash.
Cum. Aal breeak thy back for the (E.W.P.) ; Cum.1
Hence Brakin', vbl. sb. a beating, thrashing.
Cum. He . . . gev them pooar lads sec a breakin, FARRALL Betty
Wilson (1886) 63.
26. Comb, (i) Break-back, name given by reapers to
the harvest-moon, on account of the additional labour
it occasions them ; (2) -faith, perfidious, treacherous ;
(3) -neck, a great discomfiture ; (4) -stalk blight, see
below.
(i) Abd. (JAM.) (2) Fit Attack . . . That break-faith Popish
gang, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 152. (3) n-Lin.1 Sedan is as gret
a braake-neck for this Emp'ror as Watterloo was for th' ohd un.
War.3 (4) Sns. They was only fit for pigs as soon as the break-
stalk blight come on 'em, BLACKMORE Springhaven (1887) xxxiv ;
Canker below the globe of the cabbage, which intercepts all sap,
and leaves the top like a shrivelled apple (R.D.B.).
27. In phr. (i) To break a bit, to become convalescent
after a cold ; (2) to — a day, to have a day's holiday ; (3)
to — a dreant, to recall a dream ; (4) to — an egg, in the
game of curling : to strike a stone with force just sufficient
to crack an egg at the point of contact ; (5) to — a rib,
of a man : to have his banns of marriage published ;
BREAK
BREAST
(6) to — by kind, to differ in habits and disposition from
one's parents ; (7) to — deal, to misdeal at cards ; to lose
the deal ; (8) to — ground, to turn cattle out to grass to
begin the fresh eatage ; (9) to — in, of animals : to tame,
to subdue ; (10) to — one's day, (a) to fail to keep an
appointment, (b] to be continually interrupted ; (n) to —
one's horn-book, to incur displeasure; (12) to — out, to
become intoxicated ; (13) to — squares, to upset a scheme,
disturb an arrangement ; (14) to — the cup of sorrow, to
rejoice (?); (15) to — the ground, to dig a grave ; (16) to —
one's heart, used ironically to express meanness and illiber-
ality in giving; (17) to — the heart, (18) to — the neck, to
overcome the first difficulties ; (19) to — the year, to leave
a situation before the end of the year for which servants
are usually hired ; (20) — your mother's heart, the hemlock,
Conium maculatum.
(i) Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) 63. (a) w.Yks. If ta
sets off a drinking it mornin'an keeps at it till dark, that's breikin"
a day, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1856) 32. (3) w.Yks.2
(4) At the close of a round, when the stones are well gathered
near the cock, and it is difficult to run in another without doing
damage, a friend of the player about to throw will lay his brush
on a certain stone and cry, ' Jist breck an eggon't, man, and we'll
win ' (JAM. Suppl.). (5) sw.Lln.1 ' He's gotten one rib broke," or
' Hebrokeonerib of Sunday ,' when [the banns] are published forthe
first time. (6) N.I.1 The son of a dhrunk man 'ill be inclined to be
dhrunk hisself, if he dizint break by kind. (7) w.Sora.1 Dev.
Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 433. (8) n.Yks.2 (9) w.Som.1 He's gwain
to make so good a pointer's ever I brokt in in my live. (10, a)
n-Yks.1 n.Lin.1 He said he'd cum to sattle on Monda', bud he brok
his daay, an' hesn't been near hand yit. (b) n.Lin.1 1 hev my daays
brokken reg'lar by different foaks cumin' botherin'. (n) s.Cy.
GROSE ,1790) MS. add. (P.) (la) Stf.2 w.Som.1 Of one who has
signed the pledge it is common to hear, ' He've a-brokt out again,
worse than ever.' (13) Wxf. If I show myself eager to bring this
match about and to break squares between MissThereseand young
Roche, I'll fetch down the wrath of every one of the two families
upon myself, KENNEDY Banks Boro (1867) 137. (14) w.Yks.
Shood just been breikin t'cup a sorra, i' honour ov hur huzband
cumin hoame sober, and all hiz week's waige in hiz pocket, TOM
TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1859) 35. (15) Nhb.1 Ess. Paid
for breakeinge the ground in the churchyard for his buriall — o. I. o,
Wakes Colne Overseers' Acts. (1696) (C.D.). (16) Ir. Said of a rich
person who subscribes an insignificant sum to a charity, &c.
(A.S.P.) (17) w.Som.1 When any piece of work is well in hand,
it is very common to say, ' Ee ul zeon braik dhu aa-rt oa ut,' ' Dhu
aa'rt oa ut-s u-broa'kt.' (18) n.Lin., sw-Lin.1 Nhp.1 I have broken
the neck of my job. I have broken the neck of her gossiping
habits. (19) s.Chs.1 Shr.1 Bessy mak's a many Mays i' the "ear,
an' 'er's send 'er yarnest back twize this 'irin' ; "er broke 'er 'ear
from Longden, an' agen from the Moat. (20) Dor. (G.E.D.)
[2. Before I brake, as also after I became bankrout,
BERNARD Terence (1629) 113. 4. I brak your letter,
Paston 'Letters (1461) I. 540. 5. Breake up this capon,
PALSGR. (1530) ; Breke that egryt (white heron), Keruyng
(1513) in Meals & Manners, ed. Furnivall (1868) 162. 7. He
brake alle his browes, Sonnes ofAymon (c. 1489) 256. 21.
To break out (as the face), Pustulas emittere, COLES (1679).]
BREAK, see Brack, Brake.
BREAKBONES, sb. Chs.1 1. A term of contempt for
a master who overworks his servants. 2. The plant
stitchwort, Slellaria holostea.
BREAK BREAD, phr. Sc. Yks. Dev. To taste food ;
to breakfast.
n.Sc. (JAM.) Abd. We never bruik breid wi' them, ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb (1871) xii. e.Lth. I haena brak breid sin' denner-time,
HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) 144. w.Yks.1 1 never brack breeod.
nw.Dev.1 Her's zo good a humman's iwer brauk braid.
Hence Breaking of bread, phr. (i) breakfast, (2) spoiling
of prospects.
(i) Sc. A farmer son that comes down to his breaking o' bread
when the beasts have begun to chew the cud, STEEL Rowans
(1895) 391. (a) Ayr. My first sermon — Oh ! I was terribly
frightened that day ! It was the breaking o' my bread, and made
me fain seek the lowly bield of a parish school, GALT Sir A. Wylie
(1822) xcvii.
[And he wente vp, and brak breed, WYCLIF (1388) Acts
XX. II.]
BREAKER, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Also written bricker
Nhb.1 ; brekker w.Yks. ; brikker N.Cy.1
1. A large crack formed in the roof of a pit next to the
' goaf; a crack caused by cleavage in stratification. N.Cy.1,
Nhb.1
2. Woollen trade term : a shaft of wood whereby the
pressure of the treadle was distributed over the lower
shaft of the ' gears ' or ' healds,' which opened the warp
threads for the passage of the shuttle. w.Yks. (W.T.)
3. A machine for breaking stone. n.Yks. (C.V.C.)
4. A large hard marble used in the game of ' stappie.'
Lth. Marbles, stanies, frenchies, moral-leggers, doggies, breakers,
STRATHESK More Bits (ed. 1885) 33.
5. An adept, esp. at marbles.
Abd. Some o' the breakers wad boastingly sing, ' Hie, first wi'
ye, you, at the " bools "or the " ring," ' OGG Willie Waly (1873) 76.
BREAK-FUR, v. and sb. Bnff. Abd. Also written
brack-fur Bnff.1
1. v. To plough roughly in such a way as to lay the
upturned furrow over the uncut furrow. Sometimes in
form break-furrow.
n.Sc. He brack-furt's ley. That's a bit stibble laan brack-furt
(W.G.). Bnfif.'
2. sb. The condition of being ploughed in the above
way.
n.Sc. The feedle [field] is lyin in brack-fur (W.G.). Bnff.1 Abd.
MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
BREAKINGS, sb. pi. Sc. Lin. Written brakkins.
[bra-kinz.]
1. The remains of a feast.
n.Sc. Brakkins o' the brackfist (W.G.). Abd. Will ye cum and
eat brakkins ? (JAM.) Per. There'll be some brakkins owre, and
we're asked to tak* aboot them (G.W.).
2. The division of a tree-trunk into branches ; hence
the marks in polished wood caused thereby.
n.Lin.1 Faather's wem'led th' inkstand oher up o' th' best room
taable . . . just agean th' braakin' i' th' taable top.
BREAKSHA, BREAKSHUGH, see Braxy.
BREAKSTONE-PARSLEY, sb. Stf. The plant Parsley
Pert, Alchemilla arvensis.
Stf.2 Growing on waste ground ; greatly used in kidney com-
plaints.
BREAKSTUFF, sb. Shr.1 Brks. (M.J.B.) [brrkstaf.]
Breakfast.
BREAL, sb.1 Cor.12 Also written breel Cor.12 [brfl.]
A mackerel.
[Cp. W. brithyll, a trout ; cogn. w. Gael, breac, trout, also
speckled (MACBAIN).]
BREAL, sb* Wxf. A large fire. Cf. breling, adj.
Wxf.1 Trippeathes an brand-eyrons war ee-brougkt to a big
breal, 98.
Hence Brealoch, sb. a pile of brushwood for firing;
burning brushwood. Wxf. (P.J.M.)
[Cp. ME. brule (mod. broil), to burn. He gert brandis
of fyre bynde, To brule it wes lewit be-hynde, George
(c. 1415) 456, in Leg. Saints, ed. Metcalfe, II. 189.]
BREAN, v. Obs. n.Cy. Yks. To perspire, to sweat.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781) ;
w.Yks.1
[Cp. Norw. dial, braana, braadna, to melt (AASEN) ; ON.
bradna.}
BREAR, see Briar.
BREARD, see Braird.
BREAST, sb. Var. dial, usages in Sc. Eng. and Colon.
1. The front or fore-part.
Per. Any one in the first pew might be said to sit in the 'briest
o' the laft,' IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush (1895) 103. Cum.3 As we
were climmin t'fell breist, a.
2. That part of a peat-moss assigned to a farmer, from
which his peats must be cut.
Gall. The ' breast ' is cut into gen. to a depth of from 3 to 5 feet.
The wet peats are put to dry on the uncut part of the ' breast,'
or on that part of it from which peats have formerly been taken
(A.W.).
Hence Breast-peat, sb. a peat formed by the spade's
being pushed into the earth horizontally.
Feb. A perpendicular face of the moss is laid bare, from which
BREAST
[392]
BREATH
the digger standing on the level of the bottom digs the . . . breast
peat, Agr. Surv, 208 QAM.).
3. A step or layer in a manure-heap.
Frf. The breast of the turned dung, STEPHENS Farm Bk. (ed. 1849"!
I. 626. Chs. The compost should either be turned and mixt well,
where it lies, or cut down in breasts, MARSHALL Review (1818) II.
143.
4. That part of a plough which turns the furrow back
after the soil has been cut through by the share.
nXin.1 w.Som.1 Brus', braes".
5. That part of the circumference of a water-wheel
which is near the level of its axis.
w.Som.1 When the water is conveyed to the side of the wheel,
and not over the top, it is said to be carried in upon the breast.
Hence a breast-wheel in distinction from an overshot or undershot.
Hence (i) Breast-mill, sb. a water-mill of which the
water goes in at the side or breast to turn the wheel ; (2)
-work, sb. masonry built in a curve to suit the shape of a
water-wheel ; the sloping masonry of a weir, down which
the surplus water rushes from the weir-head.
(i) n.Yks. (I.W.) (a) w.Soin.i
6. The upright or horizontal part of a kiln, quarry,
stack, &c.
Cum. Bits o' steaans at t'oald man brak off t'crags an ugly spots
eh t'fell breest, SARGISSON Joe Scoop (1881) 8 ; (E.W.P.)
7. The broad, flat stone which supports the shelf over
a fireplace.
Nhb.1 w.Yks. A chimley brest iz like a good menny other brests,
— dark within, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1866) 49.
Hence Breast-summer, sb. the mantelpiece or beam
thrown across the projecting mantel of a chimney. Nhb.1,
I.W. (C.J.V.)
8. Term used in woollen manufacture : a cylinder covered
with cards at the fore-part of a scribbling machine.
w.Yks. (J.M.)
8. In phr. (i) In a breast, abreast ; (2) Breast and hand,
a fore-quarter of pork.
(i) Abd. The gentles came in view A' in a breast upon a bonny
brow, Ross Helenore (1768) 105, ed. 1813. (a) Nhp.1
1O. Comp. (i) Breast-beam, a beam in a loom which
reaches to the weaver's breast ; (2) -bone, the breast-bone
of a goose, used as a medium of prognostication for the
coming winter ; (3) -bore, an instrument used for boring ;
(4) -doffer, woollen trade term : the first cylinder on
a card ; (5) -gripping-spade, a spade which cuts a grip
about three inches wide ; (6) -head, the nipple of the
breast; (7) -ill, a gathering of the breast; (8) -knot,
knotted ribbons on the breast; (9) -plate, a strap of
leather over a horse's breast, to keep the saddle from
slipping backwards; (10) -roll, that part of the cloth
newly woven on a loom ; (n) -spade, a spade driven
forward by pressing it with the breast ; see -plough ; (12)
-woodie, the harness round the breast of a horse.
(i) Lnk. Milton an' Ramsay lay on the breast-beam, HAMILTON
Poems (1865) 146. Uls. Uls. Jrn. Arch. (1857) V. 109. w.Yks.
(J.M.) ; w.Yks.3, Chs.1 (a) mYks.1 A mottled appearance of the
bone is held to prognosticate changeable winter-weather, alternat-
ing snow and thaw; a prevailing whitish-opaque cast much snow;
a dark colour severe frost ; and comparative transparency, open
weather. The goose also must be eaten before Martinmas (New
Style). (3) Cld. (JAM.) (4) w.Yks. (S.P.U.) (5) n.Yks. TUKE
Agric. (1800) 84. (6) w.Yks.2 (7) w.Som.i Dev. An inhabitant
told me that his father went into Lydford Church and cut off some
lead from every diamond pane in the windows ; with which he
made a heart to be worn by his wife afflicted with breast ills,
N. & Q. (1851) ist S. iii. 359. nw-Dev.1 (8) Lth. Ribbans, and
perlins and breast-knots enew, MACNEILL Poet. Wks. (1801) 196,
ed. 1856. (9) n-Lin.1 [U.S.A. Dial. Notes (1895)378.] (10) Lan.
I laid my head down upon the breast-roll and gave way to a
paroxysm of grief, BRIERLEY Cast upon World (1886) 90. (n)Frf.
STEPHENS Farm Bk. (ed. 1849) I. 647. e.Yks. The breast-spade
used in draining is driven forward by a man in the same manner
as the paring-spade, MARSHALL Review (1808) I. 513. (13) Abd.
Sometimes the breast-woodies an' sometimes the theets brak,
FORBES Jrn. (1743) 15.
BREAST, v. Var. dial, usages in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
L To spring up and alight with the breast upon some
object ; to apply one's breast to the back of a horse in
order to mount.
Sc. (JAM.) N.I.1 Cud ye breest that wall ?
2. To spring up or forward.
Sc. And saw come breasting o'er the brae . . . Full fifteen hundred
men and mae, SCOTT Minstrelsy (1802 II.2i.cd. 1848. Ayr. Thou
never lap, an' sten't an' breastet, BURNS To Ms Auld Mare, st. 14.
e Lth. Owre the lugs in love, and breestin' up like a halflin' to
Miss Jessie, MUCKLEBACKIT Rhymes (1885) 179.
3. To repair or strengthen a. hedge ; see below.
Cum.1 To face a hedge with stone, or sod and stone alternately.
s.Chs.1 To ' breast a cop ' is to renew a hedge-bank with fresh sods.
To ' breast a hedge ' is to trim it on one side only, or to ' kilt au')dh
uwd stuwz of won sahyd' [cut aw th' owd stows off one side],
Shr.1 To lay thorn-boughs on the top of the hedge-bank, to
prevent sheep or other animals browsing the hedge, or breaking
down the top of the bank.
4. To cut peats horizontally. Bnff.1
BREASTERS, sb. pi. Chs.1 Salt-making term:
lumps of salt placed between distinct lots to separate
them.
BREAST-HEE, sb. Yks. Lan. Also in forms brestye,
briestye w.Yks.8 [bre'st-I.] The mouth of a coal-pit;
the mouth of a tunnel leading to a coal-pit in the side of
a hill.
w.Yks. Called also 'dayhole,' ' e'ehoil,' Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Dec.
19, 1891; ; w.Yks.8 Lan. The collier brought his coal to daylight
at the breast-hee, generally opening out, not unlike a large black
sough, on some hill-side, BAMFORD Tim Bobbin (1850) Introd. iii ;
Lan.1 We coom to th' end of a ginnel 'at looked as dark as a breast-
hee col-pit, WAUGH Chimn. Cornerm Manch. Gi'/ic(Mar. ai, 1874).
e-Lan.1
[The same as lit. E. breast-high, the passage being so
low that the miner has to stoop. The form briestye
(brestye) is due to the association of the latter element
with ' eye.']
BRE AST-PLOUGH, sb. Lin. War. Wor. Glo. Oxf. Brks.
Dor. Also written bress-plough Brks.1 An instrument
for paring the surface of land, shaped like a spade, and
haying a flat piece of wood at the upper end against
which the plougher pushes with his breast.
n.Lin.1 War.3 In rare use. se.Wor.1, Glo. (S.S.B.), QxtlMS.
add* Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863). [Commonly used in paring the turf
in burn-beating, WORLIDGE Syst. Agric. (1681).]
Hence Breast-plough, v. to pare the surface of the
ground by means of a breast-plough.
Glo. After harvest the stubble is breast-ploughed, MARSHALL
Review (1818) II. 403. Brks.1
[Breast-plough, a kind of plough driven with one's
breast, and commonly us'd to part the turf in denshiring
or burn-beating of land, PHILLIPS (1706).]
BREATH, sb. Sc. War. Shr. Brks. Som. Cor.
1. An odour, a smell, esp. when unpleasant.
War. (J.R.W.) Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; Her couldn't bear
the breath of the lamp (L.K.L.). w.Som.1 Neef ded-n mak um u
lee'dl beet aa dr dhu rae'ut, dhur-d bee jis brath' noa baudee keod-n
kaa'r um [if one did not make them (parish coffins) a little after
the rate, there would be such an odour, nobody could carry them],
2. An opinion.
Sc. I wad fain hear his breath about this business (JAM.). e.Fif.
The nuptial day sud'na be preceesely fixed till I had smelt my
faither's breath on the subjec', LATTO Tarn Bodkin (1894) xxii.
3. pi. Cattle.
Cor. Various tenants claim a right of putting what is called
' breaths ' to depasture on it, BOND Hist. Looe (1833) 73.
4. In phr. (i) In a breath, in a moment; (2) to fetch
breath, to pause, consider, deliberate ; (3) with the breath
in one's hand, breathless.
(i) Sc. QAM.) (^ Brks.1 Let's vetch bre-ath a bit awver't. (3)
Shr. She heard the noise, and ran to the window with her breath
in her hand (J.W.P.).
[1. Filthe with stynkand brethe, HAMPOLE Pr. Consc.
(c. 1340) 613. OE. brab, ' odor,' Voc. MS. Cott. (c. 1080)
in Wright's Voc. (1884) 327.]
BREATH, v. Dev. Also in form braythe nw.Dev.
[brejj, bretS.] To bray, to neigh.
Dev. WILLS w. Times (Mar. 13, 1886) 6. nw.Dev. I yurd the 'oss
braythin as I com'd up-along (R.P.C.). Dev.1
BREATHE
[393]
BREECH
BREATHE, v. Yks. Lin. [briatS.]
1. To give a horse time to take breath. n.Lin.1
2. To let blood from a vein. w. Yks.2
3. reflex. To take breath after strong exercise.
n.Lin.1 I'd been huggin" corn into th' laathe, an' was breathin'
my sen e" th' crew-yard.
BREATHE, adj. GIo. Som. Dev. [breS.] Of land :
open, thoroughly tilled and pulverized for a seed-bed.
Glo. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) w.Som. Dhush yuur graewnz
brai-dhur-n dhaat dhae'ur [this soil is more tilled than that],
ELWORTHY Gram. (1877) 31 > w.Som.1 Kaa'pikul vee'ul u graewn
dhik dree ae'ukurz — yiie uun'ee gut-u plaew un drag-n wauns-n
ez zu brai-dh-z u aa'rsh eep [capital field that three-acre — you
(have) only to plough and harrow it once and (it) is as breathe as
an ash-heap]. nwJJev.1
BREAWIS, see Brewis.
BREAWNS, int. Lan. An exclamation of surprise.
Lan. Breawns mon, it's not a twelmuntsin he koom eawt o' pris'n
afore, WALKER Plebeian Politics (1796) 67.
BREAY, see Brae.
BREBIT, see Brevit.
BRECHAM, see Bargham.
BRECK, sb. Sc. Wm. Yks. Lan. Der. Cor. Also
written brek Wm.1 w.Yks.1 Cor.2 ; brik Cor.2 ; brick Sc.
Cor.1 ; breek Cor.1 See Break, [brek, brik.] A rent,
fracture, gap, breach. A\sofiff.
Rxb. An whan they chance to mak a brick Loud sound their
hawing cheers, A. SCOTT Poems (ed. 1808) 80. Wm.1 Theear's
a girt brek e' t'wau. w.Yks.1, ne.Lan.1 Der. Breck, Buckler,
Bunnin, FURNESS Medicus (1836) 33. Cor. There's a brick in
your apron, Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 423 ; Cor.12
[Breck, breach, COLES (1677) ; Saint Mihel doth bid
thee amend . . . the brecke, TUSSER Hush. (1580) 40 ;
Was funden j>an na breke in land, Cursor M. (c. 1300)
2048.]
BRECKAM, see Bargham.
BRECKON, see Bracken.
BRECKSFUST, sb. Chs. Also written brexfust
Chs.1 [bre-ksfast] Breakfast.
Chs. Billy had getten his breksfust, CLOUGH B. Bresskittle
(1879) 4 ; Chs.1
BRECKSUF, sb. Wxf. (P.J.M.) Stf.2 Also written
breksaf Ir. [bre'ksaf.] Breakfast.
BRECKSUS, see Bracksus.
BRECKWIST, sb. Irel. Nhb. Also written brequist
N.I.1 ; breakquest, brukwust Ir. ; and in form buckwhist
Ir. ; brickwast Nhb.1 Breakfast.
Ir. His buckwhist will soon be ready, CARLETON Traits Peas.
(1843) I. 410; One often hears, 'Well, I have the price av me
supper now, an' God is good for the brukwust, ' Spectator (Nov. 30,
1889). w.Ir. He's ready for his breakquest by this, LOVER Leg.
(1848) I. 178. N.I.1, Nhb.1
BRED, see Brod.
BREDE, see Bread.
BREDER, see Brether, Brither.
BREE, sb.1 and v.1 Sc. Yks. Lan. Also written brew,
brie Sc. (JAM.) [bri.]
1. sb. Liquor, juice in which anything has been steeped
or boiled ; broth, soup, gravy.
Abd. Her face was smear'd wi' some dun-colour'd bree, Ross
Helenore (1768) 139, ed. 1812 ; A jilp o' treacle bree, ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb (1871) xxx. Fif. I'd a plate-fu' o' the bree, TENNANT
Papistry (1827) 15. Rnf. I tap the barrels and taste the bree,
BARR Poems (1861) 166. Ayr. And ay we'll taste the barley bree,
BURNS Happy Trio. Lth. Ilk cuttie soon Is plung'd amang the
reeking bree, BRUCE Poems (1813) 75. Kcb. To keep the kettle
boilin', lass, An' heads aboon the bree, ARMSTRONG Ingleside (1890)
43. n.Yka.2 Lan. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) s.Lan. BAMFORD
Dial. (1854).
2. v. To pour water on vegetables, &c., to be boiled ;
to drain any solids that have been boiled.
Sc. Bried trashtrie for a bairn, LUMSDEN Sheep Head, 144. n.Sc.
Lassie, gyang an bree the taties or they'll be a throuw the bree
(W.G.).
[In fat bre fresshe of befe . . . bay schalle be so)>un,
Liber Cocorum (c. 1420) 49 (MATZNER).]
VOL. I.
BREE, sb.2 Sc. Cum. Wm. [bri.]
1. A disturbance, fuss, strong agitation.
Abd. Ye'll in a hurry see It thrc? the parish raise an unco
bree ! SHIRREFS Poems (1790) 67. Cum. They're off wi seek a
bree, STAGG Misc. Poems (1807) 8 ; An' pot o' t'country in a bree,
GILPIN Pop. Poetry (1875) 128. Wm. The mind cannot continue
lang in a bree, HUTTON Bran New Work (1785) 1. 103 ; Win.1
2. In phr. to get the bree of, to bear the brunt of. Bnff.1
BREE, sb* Sc. n.Cy. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Also
written bre w.Yks.15 Chs.13; brea m.Yks.1 n.Lan. ; brae
Chs.13 [bri.]
1. The eyebrow.
Sc. He ne'er came of an Englishman, Had sic an ee or bree,
Scorr Minstrelsy (1802) 1. 321, ed. 1848. Abd. And lay stane still,
not moving ee nor bree, Ross Helenore (1768) 80, ed. 1812. Bwk.
We'll dance till grey-eed morn Shall lift her drowsy bree, HEN-
DERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 114. w.Yks.18
2. The brow.
Sc. Silver nets to bind aboon her bree, CUNNINGHAM Sngs.
(1813) 66; ' I read it in your bree,' said she, STEVENSON Catriona
(1895) iii ; Thy brees are like til a piece o' pumgranate aneath thy
locks, ROBSON Sng. Sol. (1860) iv. 3. Frf. I met a lassie young
an' gay, Wi' rosy cheeks an' lily bree, LAING Wayside Firs.
(1846) 94. n.Cy. (K.), m-Yks.1 Lan. An' bote my lips, an' knit
my brees, HARLAND Lyrics (1866) 97. Chs.13
Hence Breea-band, sb. a hat-band ; a band of ribbon
or velvet for the hair used by young girls; a leathern
strap on a horse's bridle which passes around its fore-
head. Wm. (B.K.)
[1. Lyk golden threeds Hir siluer shyning brees,
MONTGOMERIE Poems (c. 1597), ed. Cranstoun, 183 ; Moving
na mair hir curage, face nor bre, DOUGLAS Eneados(\y.^),
ed. 1874, in. 40. OE. bra(w, the eyelid; cp. MHG. bra
(mod. braue), the eyebrow (LEXER).]
BREE, sb* Obsol. n.Dev. [bri.] Short earth, op-
posed to stiff and clayey.
n.Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (M.) ; (R.P.C.)
BREE, adj. w.Yks.2 [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] Cold, sharp.
BREE, v? Obsol. Sc. n.Cy. Lan. Also written brey
(JAM.). To frighten, to terrify.
Sc. QAM.) n.Cy. (K.) ; GROSE ;i7ox>) ; N.Cy.2 Lan. I am e'e'n
bree'd out o my senses, SHADWELL Lan. Witches (1682) I. 31 ;
What arto breed wi neaw? TIM BOBBIN View Dial. (1740) 48;
Lan.1
[pare corns a bonde of a brenke & breed bairn vnfaire,
Wars Alex. (c. 1450) 4741. OE. bregan, to terrify.]
BREE, see Breeze, Briar.
BREEA, see Brae.
BREEAD-, see Broad-.
BREEAR, see Briar.
BREECH, sb. and v. Sc. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Chs. Not.
Lin. Glo. Suf. Wil. Also written britch Nhb. Wm. Yks.
Wil. ; brich Glo.1 Suf. [britj, brit/.] See Britch.
1. sb. Trousers ; used as sing.
Nhb. We winna wark for him, nor mend hole in his britch,
' CRISPIN' Advice (1803) n.
2. Cotnp. (i) Breech-band (also called Arse-band, q.v.),
the crupper ; also fig. ; (2) Breeches-slop, the leg of
a pair of trousers.
(i) Chs.1 He's allus backin i' th' breech-bant [of a tardy person].
s.Chs.1, n.Lin.1 (2) Wm. In gen. use (B.K.). w.Yks. One o' th'
chaps roll'd up his briches slop, HARTLEY Puddin (1876) 100.
3. In phr. // is in his breeches, he is competent, fully
equipped for an undertaking.
Not. N. & Q. (1888) 7th S. vi. 365.
4. In */. The roe of a fish when unbroken or uncut.
Nhb.1, n.Yks. (T.S.)
5. v. To put into trousers.
Wm. We'll britch oor lad seun (B.K.). n.WU. (E.H.G.)
6. Of female labourers : to tuck the skirts up above the
knee.
Sc. A lassie when employed on the hurst rigg, breeches her
' coats,' ./V. & Q. (1869) 4th S. iii. aa.
7. In phr. to be breeched, to have money in the pockets,
to be rich.
Glo. (H.S.H.) ; Glo.1 They were all briched with the same
3E
BREECH
[3941
BREEK
amount of money. We're not over briched. Suf. He is briched
enough to treat us (F.H.) ; (C.G.B.)
EL. A breech and eek a sherte, CHAUCER C.T. B. 2049.
. brec (pi. of broc), a garment covering the loins and
thighs.]
BREECH, see Britch.
BREECHING, vbl. sb. Sc. Nhb. Oxf. Som. Also
written britchin Nhb. Oxf.1 ; burchin w.Som.1 ; brechin
Sc.
1. That portion of harness passing round the hinder
parts of a shaft-horse, which enables him to push back-
wards.
Nhb.1 Oxf.1 MS. add. Som. Sundry breeching and string
harness, Auctioneers Advt. 'Nov. 1895). w.Som.1 Please to lend
maister your burchin.
2. The harness worn by the horse in the shafts in
distinction to the crupping (q.v.) worn by a leader.
w.Som.1 Sometimes confined to the part consisting of saddle,
crupper, and breech-piece.
3. Fig. in phr. to hang in the breechin, to lag behind, to be
dilatory.
Sc. ' Fill up, gentlemen,' he said ; ' nae hingin i' the brechin,'
TWEEDDALE Moff (1896) 34 ; (J.M.) ; (J.F.)
BREECHY, see Britchel.
BREED, v. and sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. v. To occasion ; to develop a disease, &c.
w.Yks. An strive to bring me to my grave Wi breedin hurries
here, PRESTON Poems (1872) 9, ed. 1881 ; I shall breed you
nought but bother (C.C.R.). Suf. I hully thought he were breeding
the fever, e.An. Dy. Times (1892). Dev. When the teeth of it
[the baby] were breeding, O'NEILL Idylls (1892) 86.
2. To educate.
Frf. The lassie was bred in a braw borough-town, LAING Firs.
(1846) 114. Lnk. I at first design'd, To breed you to the kirk,
BLACK Falls of Clyde (1806) 141.
Hence Breeding, vbl. sb. education, good breeding.
Abd. Eliza's been taucht breedin' owre weel to cairry clypes,
ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xix. Lth. Tho' scant thy lair,
an' laigh thy breedin', BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 71.
3. Comp. (i) Bred-sore, (2) -venom, a whitlow; a sore,
&c., arising from disorders of the blood. See Breeder.
(i) e.An.1, Nrf.1 (2) Nhb.1 It distinguishes from an income,
which is a gathering occasioned by an outside cause.
4. In phr. (i) breed and seed, birth and parentage ; (a)
to breed for, used of the husband of a pregnant woman
who is ill whilst his wife is in good health ; (3) to breed
in-and-in, to breed with parents of the same stock, or too
closely related by blood.
(i) War. B'ham Wkly. Post (June 10, 1893); War.1 I know
the breed and seed of him ; War.23 (2) e.An.1 (3) n-Lin.1 Midi.
MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796) I. 250. w.Som.1
5. sb. A brood, a litter of young ones.
n.Yks.1 A gran' breed o' pa'tridges. T'aud sow's getten a gay
guid breed o" pigs.
6. Kind, sort, species.
Ir. Breeds of cabbages, potatoes, &c., Flk-Lore Rec. (1881) IV.
106. Wxf. A good breed of a knife (P.J.M.).
7. Way, result.
Rnf. I rather think that's no the breed o't, BARR Poems ; 1861) 34.
BREED, see Braid, Bread.
BREEDER, sb.1 Yks. Lin. e.An. A boil, a whitlow.
n.Yks.8, e.Yks.1, n-Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 She's got a breeder come
on her leg,— a gathering like. e.An.1 Cmb.1 I think this here's
a breeder a-coming on my finger. Nrf.1 Snf. e.An. Dy. Times
(1892).
BREEDER, sb.2 Yks. e.An. An unseasonably fine
day ; also used of a red morning sky. See Weather-
breeder.
e.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Dec. 12, 1891). w.Yks.3, e-An.1, Nrf.1
BREEDER, see Blither.
BREEDING, ppl. adj. Hit. Som. [bri'din.] Of
weather: unusually fine for the season, denoting bad
weather to follow. See Breeder, s6.2
Hrt. It's warm for the time of year. — Yes, I call it breeding-
weather (G.H.G.). Som. (W.F.R.)
BREEDING-BAG, sb. Wil.1 The uterus of a sow.
BREEDING-STONES, sb. pi. Hrt. Plum-pudding
stones ; conglomerate ?
Hrt. (H.G.) ; N. & Q. (1881) 6th S. iv. 389.
BREEDIR, see Brether.
BREEDS, sb. pi. Wor. Glo. Also written breades
Glo. [bridz.] The brim of a hat. See Breward.
s.Wor.1, se.Wor.1 Glo. GROSE (1790) ; The parishioners . . .
touched the ' breeds ' of their hats, GISSING Both of this Parish
(1889) II. 70; Glo.1*
Hence Breedy, adj. Of a hat : broad-brimmed.
Glo. This hat baint breedy enough (S.S.B.).
[Repr. an OE. *br?d, a form of breord, brim, edge.]
BREEF, see Brief.
BREEG, sb. s.Pem. One cradleful of corn. (W.M.M.)
BREEIRS, see Briers.
BREEK, sb. mostly in pi. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm.
Yks. Lan. Lin. Also written breik Sc. [brik, brik.]
1. Trousers, breeches; also used rarely in sing., as in
phr. without a breek.
Sc. A wife is wise enough that kens her guidman's breeks frae
her ain kirtle, RAMSAY Prov. (1737) ; Wanting the breeks, and
without hose and shoon, SCOTT Waverley (1814) xxviii ; When
petticoats woo, breeks may come speed, HENDERSON Proa.
(1832) 9. Elg. Wi' decent breeks, an' shiny hat, TESTER Poems
(1865) 78. Bnff. As Tom's trousers were pretty wide, he thought
he could get the kae in there. He got it safely into his breeks
before he entered the school, SMILES Natur. (1879) II. 26.
Abd. Get on the breeks yersel" for a fyow days, ALEXANDER Johnny
Gibb (1871) vi. Kcd. For threescore years, wi' sicker sleeks He
made oor fathers' fathers' breeks. GRANT Lays and Leg. (1884) 25.
Frf. I'll need breeks for the burial, BARRIE Minister (1891; ii.
Per. His breeks they were torn, NICOLL Po««.s(i837) 95, ed. 1843.
Fif. Younksters, by the sea-side streikin', Gaed paidlin' in without
a breik on, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 10 ; Peter's richt leg was in
a breik, The tither leg was bare and bleak, ib. 42. Rnf. There
he's comin' wi' his breeks Oot at ilka knee, NEiLsoNPo««s(i877)
93. Ayr. Wi' hale breeks, saxpence, an' a bannock, BURNS Auld
Comrade, \. 48 ; Spoiling the cut o' Tammy Daidle's breeks, GALT
Sir A. Wylie (1822) xi. Lnk. Cast aff yer duds tae breeks an"
sark, THOMSON Musings (1881) 114. Lth. The auld man's roomy
waddin' coat, . . . Maks breeks to Tarn, an' coat to Jack, An'
spats to tailor Davie, BALLANTINE Poems (1856) tyj. Bwk.
O Wattie Ross, pu' up your breeks, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes
(1856) 99. Slk. As if they had grupped the plagiary wi' his
haun' in the man's breeks, CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) III. 329.
Gall. My legs were covered with breeks of strong hodden grey,
CROCKETT Haiders (1894) xviii. Kcb. Jock . . . Drew on his breeks
and seized his gun, ARMSTRONG Musings (1890)44. N.I.1 s.Don.
SIMMONS Gl. (1890). n.Cy. (K.); GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.1 Nhb.1
Ma bran new coat an breeks wis gyen, Sng. Cum. Owre went
his het keale on his blue breeks, ANDERSON Ballads (1808) 23.
Wm. Stop a lal bit while oor Joan slips on another par a breeks,
Lonsdale Mag. (1821) II. 412 ; Wm.1, n.Yks.12, m.Yks.1, w.Yks.1,
n-Lin.1
Hence (i) Breekens, sb. pi. breeches ; (2) Breekless,
adj. without breeches ; (3) Breekumtrullie, sb. one whose
breeches do not fit him ; a boy put too early into
trousers.
(i) Sc. How is the lads to climb the praes wi' thae breekens on
them? SCOTT Midlothian (^iS) li. (2) Sc. Heard ye everabreek-
less loon from Lochaber? ib. Pirate (1821; v. n-Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2
Sarkless and breekless. (3) Ayr. (JAM.)
2. Comp.(i) Breek-maker, a tailor ; (2) -pouch, trousers'-
pocket.
U ) Lan. A breek-maker, bi' th' look on him, WAUGH Dead Man's
Dinner, 348. (2) Elg. Deep in my breek-pouch, COUPER Touri-
fications (1803) II. 208. Abd. Keep yer han's oot o' yer breek
pouches, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xxxi. Per. Pennies frae
your auld breek pouch, NICOLL Poems (1837) ed. 1843. Lnk.
Ye'll get my sermon oot o' my breek-pouch, RAMSAY Remin. (ed.
1873) 24. Edb. With the key in his breek pouches, MOIR Mansie
Wauch (1828) 50.
3. In phr. (i) It's no in your breeks, expressing inability
to do anything ; (2) to pull up one's breeks, to prepare or
gird oneself for action ; (3) to wear the breeks, to have the
upper hand.
(i) Sc. (JAM.) (2) Ayr. A period when it was needful for me to
pull up my breeks, and when Ambition touched me on the arm,
SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887) 43. (3) There's ae wee faut I've
BREEK
[395]
BREEZE
to fin, — She wears the breeks hersel', SERVICE Notandums
(1890) 84.
[Breickis thay had verie slichte, DALRYMPLE Leslies
Hist. Scot. (1596) I. 93. North, form of OE. bree, see
Breech.]
BREEK, v. Sc. Nhb.
1. To put into breeches. Cf. breech, 5.
Nhb. Frae bein' breek'd till fit to marry, WILSON Pitman's Pay
(1843)33; Nhb.1
2. Of female labourers: to tuck up the skirts to the
knees in order to facilitate shearing, &c., in rainy weather.
Cf. breech, 6. Lth. (JAM.)
3. To flog, to ' breech.'
Bnff.1 The maister breekit Jock the day for faichtan wee Jamie.
BREEKBAND, v. S. & Ork.1 To lay hold of by the
waistband of the breeches ; to wrestle. Hence Breek-
bandit, vbl. sb. a wrestling match.
BREEKIES, sb. Bnff.1 [brrkiz.] The half-grown
roe of the haddock.
BREEKIN, sb. Cum. Yks. Also written brekin
m.Yks.1 [brrkin, bre'kin.]
1. The natural forked division of a tree ; a portion of
a tree with diverging branches.
n.Yks.12, m.Yks.1 e.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Dec. 12, 1891).
2. The bifurcated part of the human frame, the fork ;
also used of sheep.
Cum.1 w.Yks. (B.K.)
[Breek (sb.), q.v. + -ing.}
BREEKUMS, sb. Sc. [brrkamz.]
1. In pi. Short ' breeks,' knee-breeches.
Frf. His breekums were short by amaist a han'-breed, WATT
Sketches (1880) 17. Lth. When I gat breekums and gaed to the
school, BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 14.
2. In sing. A person of short stature. Bnff.1
BREELER, see Brailer.
BREEM, v. Obsol. Suf. [brim.] Of a cat : to purr.
Suf. Don't pussy say ' breem brew, breem brew"? (F.H.)
BREEM, see Brim.
BREER, v. and sb. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Also written
brere N.Cy.1 Nhb.1; brear N.Cy.1 [brir, briar.]
1. v. Of grain : to sprout, to spring up. See Braird.
Sc. A braw night for the rye, your honour ; the west park will be
breering bravely this e'en, SCOTT Old Mortality (1816) vii. N.Cy.1
Nhb.1 It had just breered when the caad nipt it. Dnr. (K.)
2. sb. The first sprouting of a crop.
Per. The prospects of the turnip breer, IAN MACLAREN Brier
Bush (1895) 232-
BREER, see Briar.
BREES(E, see Breeze.
BREESHA, sb. Irel. Broken remains, debris.
Ir. She sunk down like the breesha of a turf rick YEATS Tales
(1888) 211.
[Ir. briseadh, a breaking (O'REILLY).]
BREESHLE, v. and sb. Sc. Also written breesil
Fif. [brrfl.]
1. v. To hurry, to rush. Cf. birsle. Hence Breeshlin,
vbl. sb. the act of hurrying.
Per. Breeshlin at yer wark never succeeds like a steady ca' awa'
(G.W.).
2. sb. A rapid descent.
Bnff.1 The horse . . . ran doon the brae wee a breeshle (s.v.
Brent). Fif. [A fairy] at her command gaed scrievin' Wi' a breesil
down the heaven, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 31.
BREEST, sb. Nhb.1 [brist.] The iron in a smith's
fire next the snout or nozzle of the bellows.
BREET, sb.1 e.Yks. [brit] A flood caused by
excessive rains.
e.Yks. Watther started ti cum doon, an aboot midneet middas
was all breet, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 89; e.Yks.1 MS. add.
(T.H.)
BREET, sb? Sc. [brit.] A term applied to a person ;
used somewhat contemptuously.
Bnff.1 She's nae an ill breet o' a dehm. The weel-naiturt breet
o* cheel jist geed an' did faht he wiz bidden. Abd. Man, ye're a
saft breet. ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) vi.
[The same as lit. E. brute.}
BREETH, sb. Nhb.1 [brib.] Breadth ; in phr. a han's
breeth.
BREETHIR, see Brether.
BREETSOME, adj. and adv. Lan. [birtsam.] Bright,
clear.
neXan. They burn breetsome to-neet, MATHER Idylls (1895)
28. e.Lan.1
[Breet (pron. of bright) + -some.]
BREEZE, sb.1 Yks. Chs. Not. Nhp. War. Wor. Shr.
Hrf. Glo. Hit. Also written breese n.Yks.1 Shr.1 Hrf.2 ;
brees Glo. ; brizz Chs.123 Glo.2; briz s.Chs.1 Shr.1 Glo.1;
and in forms bree n.Yks.12 Nhp.1 War.8 w.Wor.1 s.Wor.1
se.Wor.1 Shr.1 Hrf.; brea Hrf.2; bry Glo.1 Hrt. [briz,
Chs. briz.]
1. The gadfly, Oestrus bovis. Also Jig.
n-Yks.1 The eggs laid by the breese, when hatched, lead to the
swellings in beasts' backs known as warbles ; n.Yks.2 Chs.1 2 ;
Chs.3 A herd of cows pursued by the brizz. s.Chs.1, Not. (W.H.S.),
Nhp.1 War. WISE Shakespere (1861) 151. w.Wor.1, s-Wor.1,
se.Wor.1, Shr.' Hrf. N. & Q. (1856) 2nd S. i. 166 ; Hrf.2 Glo.
' My eye, he's got the bry to-day ' — said of a man who is working
faster than usual (S.S.B.) ; Glo.12 [(K.)]
2. Comp. Bry-fly, a gadfly.
Hrt. The horse is exposed to the torment of the bry-fly, ELLIS
Mod. Hush. (1750) III. i.
3. A dragon-fly ; any large insect resembling a bee in
shape.
Chs.1, War.3, w.Wor.1
[1. (a) The herd hath more annoyance by the breese
Than by the tiger, SHAKS. Tr. <&•» Cr. i. iii. 48; Brese,
asilus, Prompt. OE. briosa (breosa), a gadfly, (b) A bree,
asylus, COLES (1679) ; Certain brees and horse-flies
come of it (timber), HOLLAND Pliny (1601) i. 329. Bree,
as well as the other forms without the sibilant, is a sing,
inferred fr. brees(e, taken as pi.}
BREEZE, sb.2 Irel. Nhb. Yks. Stf. Shr. Hrt. Lon. Sus.
Cor. Also written breez Cor.2 ; brieze, breese Lon. ;
brese, brase Shr.1 ; brays Nhb.1 Yks. ; and in form
breezes Stf. [briz, brez.]
1. Fine cinders or coke ; small coal, coal-dust used in
brickmaking and for blacksmith's fuel.
N.I.1 The price of fine breeze has been reduced to 35. per 40
bushels, Belfast Paper (1875). Nhb.1 w.Yks. Burnt or roasted
with coke or ' brays,' CUDWORTH Bradford (1876) 59. Stf. To
borrow from some other nailer a handful or two of ' breezes ' for
his fire, MURRAY Note-bk. (1887) 36. n.Stf. (J.T.) Shr.1 There are
two kinds, charcoal-brase and coal-brase, of which the former is
the better and the more expensive ; but both alike consist of small
nuggets, quite free from dust, and producing a glowing heat. Brase
is employed in making the best quality of edge-tools, woodcutters'
implements, and the like. Tn got two or three brummocks to
mak', Sir, as well as yourn, but I connamak' 'em wi'out brase, an'
they hanna sen' me none yit.' Hrt. Soil is the term used for the
fine ashes screened out from the breeze, N. <Sr> Q. (1883) 6th S. vii.
179. Lon. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.} ; The fine portion of the
house-dust is separated from the 'brieze,' or coarser portion, by
sifting, MAYHEW Land. Labour (1861) II. 170. Sus. (F.E.S.)
Cor.2
2. The burnt iron ore at the pit-bank. n.Stf. (J.T.)
[Breeze, in brick-making, are small ashes and cinders,
CHAMBERS Cycl. (1788). Fr. braise, a burning coal (CoTGR.) ;
OF. brese (HATZFELD).]
BREEZE, sb? Not. Lin. [briz.] The moisture which
collects on anything in damp weather, &c. ; perspiration
from quick walking.
Not.3 The moisture or dew on the nose of an ox when in good
health. Lin. It comes out all of a breeze on my wall where the
pig was salted (M.P.). n.Lin.1 He was all of a breeze. sw.Lin.1
The floor's all of a breeze wi' the damp. Of eggs about to be
hatched : A breeze comes out on 'em, like as if they sweat.
BREEZE, sb.* Sc. n.Lin. Also written breese Sc.
The act of moving in a hurry.
Sc. (JAM.) n.Lin.1 He did go by with a breeze.
BREEZE, sb.s and v.1 In gen. dial, or slang use.
1. sb. A quarrel, disturbance.
n.Yks.2 A bonny breeze. Lan. If t'mester comes ther'll be a
breeze (S.W.). Nhp.1 He kicked up a pretty breeze. War.3 He
was not very angry, but made a bit of a breeze. Lon. A cirkim-
3 E2
BREEZE
[396]
BRENT
stance As is like to make a breeze, THACKERAY Ballads (1855) 147.
Cor.3 Slang. A curry was sure to elicit a breeze, BARHAM Ingoldsby
(1840) Lord of Thoul.
2. v. To scold, to make a disturbance.
e.Yks.1 Maysther breezed up bonnily aboot them osses, MS. add.
(T.H.)
BREEZE, v? Cum. Also Hmp. Dor. Som. Written
breese Cum. ; breaze Som. [briz.] To bruise, indent ;
to press, bear upon. Cf. brize, bruziz.
Cum. When Deavie brees'd his shin, ANDERSON Ballads (1805) a.
Hmp. Don't breeze, or you'll break the point, DE CRESPJGNY &
HUTCHIKSOX New Forest (1695) no. Dor. BARNES Gl. (,1863). Som.
W. & J. Gl. (1873).
BREEZE, see Brize.
BREEZED, ppl. adj. Wil. Dor. Som. In form brazed
Som. Shivering, cramped with cold.
B.W11. (C.V.G.) Dor. (A.C.) ; (W.C.) Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
BREFFET, BREFFIT, see Brevit.
BREGGAN, sb. Obs.t Sc. An iron collar worn as
a punishment by offenders, and attached by a chain to
a wall. See Bargham.
Ayr. The breggan was used for numerous offences, but most
commonly against the sin of immorality, JOHNSTON Kilmallie (1891)
1.65.
BREGWORT, see Bragget.
BREIRD, see Braird.
BREIT, adj. Obs. w.Yks.2 Rife.
BREKKER, see Breaker.
BREKKLE, see Brockle.
BREKSES, BREKTUS, see Bracksus.
BRELING, adj. War. (W.S.B.) [Not known to our
other correspondents.] Of the weather : broiling, very
hot. Cf. breal, sb.2
BREM, see Brim.
BREMBLE, see Bramble.
BREME, adj. and sb. Sc. n.Cy. Yks. Der. Also
written brim Sc. ne.Yks.1 w.Yks.; bream w.Yks. Der.12
nw.Der.1 [brim, brim.]
1. adj. Of weather : bleak, sharp, fierce. Of a house :
exposed to the wind. Of persons : keen, eager.
Sc. For the Kelpie brim is out, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads (1806)
I. 235 ; When simmer suns are breem, Blackw. Mag. (Mar. 1820)
(JAM.). N.Cy.1 ne.Yks.1 In fairly common use. Oor hus Stan's
varry brim. w.Yks. He's brim o' the job (C.C.R.); w.Yks.2 It's
very breme uppa yond hill. Der.12, nw.Der.1
2. sb. An elevated place exposed to the wind.
w.Yks. GRAINGE Nidderdale (1863) 82.
[1. Comes the breme Winter with chamfred browes,
SPENSER Sh. Kal. (1579) Feb., 42; Athelstan . . . kast
him in tille Temse, whan it was most brym, LANGTOFT
(1330), ed. Hearne, I. 28; Herode king wass breme,
Ormulum (c. 1200) 7197.]
BREME, v. Cum. Ess. [brim.]
1. To froth over. Cum.1
2. To rage.
Ess. Arch. Soc. Trans. (1863) II. 183; Obs. (H.H.M.)
BREMEL, see Bramble.
BREMMISH, sb. N.I.1 [bre'mij.] A dash ; a furious
rush or blow ; the sudden rush made by a ram.
BREN(D, v. Cor. [bren(d.] To frown, wrinkle the
forehead.
Cor.1 Don't brend your brows so ; Cor.2
BRENDE, v. Obs. n.Cy. To make broad, to spread
about (K.). Cf. brenth.
BREN(N, v. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Shr.
Hrf. Glo.
1. To burn. Used freq. as an imprecation. Pres. Tense:
(i) Bren(n, (2) Bran, (3) Brun.
(i) Sc. I sail brenn yoursel therein, HERD Sngs. (1776) Edom o'
Gordon. Nhb. Sweir that they would bren it down, RICHARDSON
Borderer's Table-bk. (1846) VI. 311. Yks. They're brenning every
rag I have i' t'world, GASKELL Sylvia (1863) II. ix. Hrf. Bren it!
DUNCUMB Hist. Hrf. (1804-12). (2) Chs.123 s.Chs.1 Bran yo !
or Braan- yoa- wiil-i ! Shr.2 Glo. Thuck vire don't y bran, SMYTH
Lives of Berkeley* (ed. 1885) III. 26; GROSE (1790) MS. add. (M.I
(3) Nhb.1 This is the common pron. n.Yks.2, w.Yks.2 Lan. Mind
thou doesn't brun that beef to a cinder, WAUGH Chimn. Corner
(1893) 2 ; Lan.1, e.Lan.1 Chs. Th' rebels said . . . they'd brun
every house, CROSTON Enoch Crump (1887)9; Chs.12a, s.Chs.1,
Der.12, nw.Der.1
Hence Brenning, Brunning, (i) vbl. sb., (2) ppl. adj.
burning.
(i) Lan. It'll nobbo' be th' brunnin of a pipe o' 'bacco or two less,
MULLINS Johnny, i. (2) Ayr. A brenning shame, Ballads and Sngs.
(1846) I. 27. Lan. Wat a brunnin shame, ORMEROD Felley fro'
Rachde (1864) i.
2. Past Tense : (i) Brent, (a) Brant, (3) Brunt.
(i) Kcd. The flame that brent within his briest, GRANT Lays
(1884) 16. (a) N.Cy.1 The lowe teuck its claes and brant it (s.v.
Hunkers). Nhb.1 He brant the bed bottom out, Jack Fairlamb.
(3) Rnf. She turned her cow into a cat, And for that same they
brunt her, BARR Poems (1861) 51. Ayr. My auld mother brunt
the trin'le, BURNS Inventory. Lth. They brunt my taws, BALLAN-
TINE Poems (1856) 139. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.) Nhb.1,
e.Lan.1
3. Pp. and ppl. adj. : (i) Brent (breant, breawnt), (2)
Bran(t, (3) Brunt, burnt ; branded.
(i) Sc. There is none but ould Harry that can match ye for a
brent broo, SCOTT Redg. (1824) viii. Lan. Awst ben i' dawnger
o' bein breant, TIM BOBBIN View Dial. (1746) 45. Der. In afire to
be brent, JEWITT Ballads (1867) 18. (2) Chs.123 Glo. Thy house
is on fire, thy children are bran, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (M.) (3)
Sc. I think folk hae brunt for dwams like yon , STEVENSON Catriona
(1892) xv. Abd. E'en like twa holes in a brunt flannen clout,
OGG Willy Waly (1873) 196. Cld. In ' curling,' when a stone is
improperly touched, or impeded in its course, it is said to be brunt.
In blindman's buff, he who is twice crowned or touched on the
head by the ' taker," or him who is hoodwinked, instead of once
only ace. to the law of the game, is said to be 'brunt,' and
regains his liberty (JAM.). Ayr. Some, to learn them for their
tricks, Were hangM an' brunt, BURNS To W. Simpson (1785).
N.Cy.1 A brunt child dreads the fire. Nhb. Aw like her [goose]
stufFdwi' onions best,. .. Not brunt, but beautifully brown, WILSON
Pitman's Pay (1843) 25 ; Nhb.1 The ' Brunt Hoose ' was formerly
a noted hostelry in the Side at Newcastle. During a game at
ball, or marbles, if one steps in the way, so as to stop the course
of ball or marble, the plaything is said to be brunt ' Thoo's brunt
maa tar.' Cum. The peat stack we us'd to lake roun'll be brunt er
this, ANDERSON Ballads (1808) 58 ; They brunt his wig, LONSDALE
Upshot (1811) St. 34. Yks. Them poor colliers, as has getten
brunt i' t'coal-pits, GASKELL Sylvia (1863) III. 47, ed. 1874.
n.Yks.2 w.Yks. Fair flingin' hersen intil fire ta be brunt, BANKS
Wooers (1880) ii. Lan. After a chap's bin brunt to cinders, WAUGH
Snowed-up,v. e.Lan.1
4. Contp. (i) Brun-fire, a bonfire ; (2) -shins, excessively
hot coals; (3) -stan(e, brimstone.
(i) Lan. He'd put a stop to us havin' a brun foire, MELLOR
Uncle Oivdem (1865) 35, ed. 1867 ; Lan.1, Chs.1 (2) Der.2,
nw.Der.1 (3) Sc. Zeal catches fire at a slight spark as fast as a
brunstane match, SCOTT Midlothian 11818) xvii. Ayr. Bake them
up in brunstane pies, BURNS Sc. Drink (1786) St. ao. n.Yks.2
[The fyres brenne up-on the auter clere, CHAUCER C. T.
A. 2331 ; A flan, wit wild fire al brent, Cursor M. (c. 1300)
43I4-]
BRENNER, sb. e.An. [bre'na(r).] A sharp gust of
wind over the water. Cf. brenid, v.
e-An.1 Suf. e.An. N. & Q. (1861) I. ed. 1864.
BRENNET, sb. Som. The knotted fig-wort, Scrophit-
laria nodosa. Cf. brown-net.
BRENT, adj.1, adv. and sb.1 Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm.
Yks. Lei. Nhp. Ken. ? [brent.]
1. adj. Steep, difficult of ascent. See Brant, Brunt.
Slk. The brent broo o' the knowe, CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed.
1856) IV. 118. N.Cy.1 Nhb. Brent Brinkburn's shadowed cliff,
CHARNLEY Fisher's Garl. (1841) 5 ; Nhb.1, Dur.1, e.Dur.1 s.Dur.
Our steps is varra brent (J.E.D.). n.Yks.1 As brent's a hoos'-
sahd ; n.Yks.2, m.Yks.i, Ken.1 Obs.
2. Comp. Brent-brow, a steep hill, the edge or side of
a precipice or hill.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.12 Cum. (K.) Cum., Wm. (M.P.)
3. Of the forehead : smooth, unwrinkled, high.
Sc. Brent as your brow is. SCOTT Bride of Lam. (1819) xxiv ;
How brent's your brow, my lady Elspat ? JAMIESON Pop. Ballads
(1806) I. 191. Ayr. When we were first acquent . . . Your
bonie brow was brent, BURNS J. Anderson. Lnk. Hair . . .
Abune her bonnie brent broo, THOMSON Leddy May (1883) 5.
BRENT
[3971
BREVIT
Lth. Yon auld head, which ance was brent, BRUCE Poems
(1813) 173. Gall. Her brent brow like the snaw, NICHOLSON
Hist. Tales (1843) 99- n.Yks.2
Hence Brenty, adj. smooth, unwrinkled.
Sc. Brow brow brenty, Ee ee winkey, CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes
(1870) 20.
4. Pompous, consequential, ' stuck-up.'
N.Cy.1 You seem very brent this morning. Nhb.1 Wor lads . . .
As streight as rashers, and sae brent, ROBSON Sngs. of jTy«e 1,1849)
492. n.Yks.1 So-and-so's as brent as a yackeron [acorn].
Hence Brent-browed, adj. forward, impudent. Per.
(JAM.)
5. adv. Straight, direct.
e.Lth. They maun aye rin brent at a thing, HUNTER J. Inwick
(1895) 186. Slk. To come brent on (JAM.). Rxb. He look'd me
brent i' the face (ib.}.
6. In phr. to hae or see brent, to see distinctly, clearly.
Lth. I hae it a' brent i' my head, The Smugglers (1819) II. 116
(JAM.).
7. sb. The brow of a hill. Cf. 2. Lei.1, Nhp.2
[1. Brant, steepe, procliuis, LEVINS Manip. (1570) ; pan
come }>ai till a barme of a brent lawe, Wars Alex. (c. 1450)
4812. 3. With browes full brent, brightist of hewe, Dest.
Troy (c. 1400) 3030. Sw. brant, steep (WIDEGREN) ; ON.
brattr (FRITZNER).]
BRENT, sb? Or.I. (JAM. Suppl.) Spring. Also used
attrib.
BRENT, adj.2 Sc. Irel. [brent.] In comb, (i) Brent
clean, quite clean ; (2) — new, quite new, ' spick and
span.' Cf. bran.
(i) N.I.1 (a) Sc. (JAM.) Ayr. Nae cotillion brent new frae
France, BURNS Tarn o' Shanter (1790) St. n. N.I.1
BRENT, ppl. adj. Sc. Nhb. [brent.] In comp. (i)
Brent-fir, fir or pine dug out of bogs ; (2) -grass, dried
seed-stalks of grass. Also called Winnel-straa (q.v.).
See Bremn, v.
(i) Per. N. & Q. (1855) ist S. xi. 495 ; Obs. It was the fir used
instead of candles (G.W.). (2) Nhb.i
BRENT, v. Sc. [brent.] To dart or spring suddenly
and violently.
Bnff.1 The horse brentit oot o' ma han'.
Hence Brent, (i) sb. a sudden spring or bound ; (2) adv.
with a sudden bound or spring, ib.
BRENT, see Brant.
BRENTH, sb. Cum. Yks. Wor. Hrf. Glo. Oxf. [brenb.]
1. Breadth. See Brende.
Cum. T'length, an' brenth, an' depth, FARRALL Betty Wilson
(1886) 64. n.Yks. (I.W.), w.Wor.1, se.Wor.1, Hrf.2, Glo.1
2. In ploughing : once up or down the land.
Oxf.1 MS. add.
BRENTIN, vbl. sb. Nhb. [bre'ntin.] The act, in
playing marbles, of placing the nand on the knee and so
discharging the marble from an elevation.
Nhb.1 ' Brent doon ' is the instruction to keep the hand down on
the ground.
BRERE, see Briar.
BRESH, sb. Obs. Wor. A half fallow, made after
the seed was got in. [Not known to our correspondents.]
Wor. YOUNG Ann. Agric. (1784-1815).
BRESNA, sb. Irel. Also written brosnach N.I.1 A
bundle of dry sticks for firewood ; a faggot.
Ir. A special good bresna of rotten boughs from the forest,
KENNEDY Fireside Stories (1870) 105. N.I.1 Also called Brosna
and Brasneugh. Crl. Common (J.T.M.ff.).
[Ir. brosna, a faggot (O'REILLY), see MACBAIN (s.v. bros-
naich).]
BRESSES, sb. pi. Chs. Der. Not. Lin. Breasts.
Chs.1, Der.1 Not. My daughter's been sadly plagued with bad
bresses, sin the baby war a week old (L.C.M.). sw-Lin.1
BRESSIE, sb. Sc. Also written brassy (JAM.). The
fish ' wrasse ' or ' old wife,1 Labrus maculatus.
e.Sc. NEILL Hist. Fishes (1810) 13 (JAM.). Fif. Also called Sea
swine, SIBBALD Hist. Fife (1710) 128, ed. 1803 (JAM.). [SATCHELL
(1879) 6.]
BRESTFUST, sb. Hit. Breakfast.
Hrt. CUSSANS Hist. Hrt. (1879-1881) III. 320.
BRESTYE, see Breast-hee.
BRET.sk1 Obsol. Var. dial. Written brett( SATCHELL).
The turbot, Rhombus vulgaris.
n.Cy. RAY (ed. 1674) 99. Yks. Gent. Mag. (1785) 333, ed.
Gomme, 1886. n.Yks. (T.S.) Yks., Lin., e.An. RAY Corresp.
(1671) 94. Sus. I thank you for the account you sent of the Bret,
ib. (1669). w.Cy. RAY (ed. 1674) 99. [SATCHELL (1879).]
[Brett turbut or halybut, RUSSELL Boke Nurture (c. 1460)
735, in Meals &> Manners, ed. Furnivall, 51.]
BRET, sb? and v.1 Ken.1 1. sb. A portion of wood torn
off with the ' strig ' in gathering fruit. 2. v. To tear off
wood with the ' strig.'
[The young lambes . . . nibling and brettyng the toppes
of the preatye pagles, WOTTON Courtly Controv. (1578) 7.]
BRET, v.* Or.I. Also written brett (JAM. Suppl.).
[bret.] To strut, stride ; to bounce along.
Or.I. (JAM. Suppl.); (S.A.S.) S. & Ork.1
[Norw. dial, bretta, to strut, stride (AASEN).]
BRET, v.a Lan. [Not known to our correspondents.]
To beat.
Lan. His feyther . . . 'd bret him if he knew, BRIERLEY Cost
upon World (1886) 12 ; For once my wits "re farely bretten,
MELLOR Poems (1865) 4.
BRET, v* Obs. Ken. To fade away ; to alter.
Ken. (K.) ; Ken.1
[Cp. ON. breyta, to alter, to change.]
BRETHER, sb. pi. Sc. Yks. Lan. Also in form breder
S. & Ork.1; breedir Sh.I. ; breethir n.Yks.8 ; brethir Sc.
(JAM.) [bre't53(r).] Brothers, brethren. See Brither.
Sc. Do to their neighbours and brether as they would be done
withal, LINDSAY Hist. (1728) 143 (JAM.). Sh.I. (Coll. L.L.B.)
S. & Ork.1 Twa breder, ib. MS. add. Cat. Common, MURRAY
Dial. (1873) 160. Bnff., Per. Used by old people in Strathavon,
ib. Fif. 'Brether' is in everyday use. In the town it has in some
degree given place to ' brithers,' but in the country it still holds its
own, ib. s.Sc. Obsol., ' bruthers ' being the common form, ib.
n.Yks.3, Lan.1
[The seyd priour and his brether, Paston L. (1425) 1. 21 ;
His breber als him-self he loued, Cursor M. (c. 1300)
1210.]
BREUK, see Brook.
BREVIDGE, see Brevit.
BREVIT, v. and sb. In gen. use in midl. counties.
Also in form brebit Shr.1; breffet Not.3; brevet Chs.1
Stf.1 Lei.1 War.8 s.War.1 Hrf.J Glo.1 Hmp.1 Wil.1 ; brevidge
Not.1 Lei.1 War.3 ; brevut Oxf.1 ; briflut Brks. ; brivit
Shr.1 Wil.1
1. v. Of a dog or cat : to hunt, sniff, or beat about after
game, &c.
Chs. Sheaf (1879) I. 237 ; Chs.1, Stf.», Not.8, Lei.1, War.23
s.War.1 How the dog do brevet about, poor thing! Hrf.12 Shr.1
Of a cat: 'Er's al'ays ibbidgin' an" snibbidgin', an' brebitin'
about. Glo. (W.H.C.) ; Glo.1 Brks. (W.H.Y.) ; (M.J.B.) Hmp.1
Wil. A covey, put up by the dogs that went breveting about,
KENNARD Diogenes (1893) ix ; BRITTON Beauties (1825) ; Wil.1
2. To search, rummage, ransack ; to pry into, meddle.
e.Yks. I have brevitted about everywhere for it, and cannot
find it (E.F.). Lan. (M.A.R.) s.Stf. Yo' shan't brevet among my
linen, PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895). Not1, s.Not. (J.P.K.)
Lin.1 Brefiet all over the place. Lei.1 A wur a-brevetin" iwry
drawer i' the 'ouse. Nhp.12, War.23 w.Wor.1 I've brevitted thraow
ahl them drahrs. s.Wor. (H.K.) Shr.1 Who's bin brevitin' i' my
drawer? Shr.2 Glo. (H.S.H.) ; (A.B.) Oxf.1 MS. add. n.Bck.
(A.C.) Wil.1 Brevettin' into other folks' business.
Hence Breviting, (a) vbl. sb. a quick searching about,
prying into ; (b) ppl. adj. rummaging, gadding about
(a) Brks. Gl. (.1852). (b) War.2, Glo.1, Hrf."
8. To bustle about, to fidget Gen. used with prep, about.
s.Chs.1 Ah nevur seyd aan-ibdi lahyk aa'r PoH ffir brivitin
ubuwt [Ah never seid annyb'dy like ahr Polly for brivitin' abowt].
s.Not. Ah can't hae thee breffetin like that, child, sit thee still
(J.P.K.). War. (J.B.), s.Wor. (F.W.M.W.), Hrf.2 Glo. He's
such a fidget, always brevetting about (A.B.). Wil. (W.C.P.)
4. To prowl or hang about.
w.Wor.1, se.Wor.1 s.Wor.1 Wot be them bwoys a-brevitin about
in our lane for? Brks.1 I zin 'un a brevettin' about alang the
hedges up to no good.
6. To pilfer.
Wil.1 If she'll brevet one thing, she'll brevet another.
BREW
[398]
BRIAR,
6. sb. A fidgety, restless person; one who prys or
searches , about.
s.Chs.1 Oo)z u oo-zi taal'ukin brivit [Hoo's a hoozy tallackin'
brivit]. Lin. ' Breffits ' was a term applied to a child when in a
state of breathless anxiety, N. & Q. (1861) 2nd S. xii. 483. n.Lin.
Rarely used (E.P.). Midi. A'. &> Q. (1861) and S. xii. 416. Nhp.1
Whatabrevitsheis. War.2 s.Wor. (F.W.M.W.), Hrf. (W. W.S.I,
Brks. (M.J.B.) Wil.1 Brivet, a word often applied to children
when they wander about aimlessly and turn over things, Leisure
flour (Aug. 1893).
7. A minute search ; a short visit.
Shr.1 I've lost the kay . . . but I'll 'ave another brevit for it.
'Er's on'y gwun on a bribit to owd Molly Price's.
[5. Massinissa . . . lived for some days by the breviting
and robberie of the other two horsemen, HOLLAND Livy
(1600) 734.]
BREW, sb.1 Sc. Cum. Lin. War. Wor. In comp.
(i) Brew-creesh, a duty formerly paid for the liberty of
brewing; (2) -farm, a fine paid for the licence to keep
an ale-house ; (3) -house, a scullery or back-kitchen,
detached or otherwise ; (4) -lead, a leaden vessel used
in brewing.
(i) Abd. Still used. Sometimes called brew-tallow (JAM.), (a)
Cum. They also pay a brew-farm, HUTCHINSON Hist. Cum. (1794)
II. 340. (3) War. In gen. use (G.F.N.) ; War.3 s.Wor. (H.K.)
(4) n.Lin.1
BREW, sb.' Irel. I.Ma. Chs. e.An.
1. A steep bank or hill ; an overhanging bank. See
Brow, sb.1 3.
n.Ir. N.&Q. (1873) 4th S. xii. 73. Uls. (M.B.-S.) I.Ma. Cutting
the long grass on the steep brews, CAINE Manxman (1895) pt. vi. i.
Chs.3
2. In phr. going down the brewe,fig. giving way in health.
Chs.8 See Brow, si.1 4.
3. The field side of a ditch.
e-An.1, Nrf.1 Suf. (C.T.) ; Suf.1
BREW, see Broo.
BREWARD, sb.1 and v. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Shr.
Also in form brewart Der.2 nw.Der.1 ; brewerd Yks. ;
brooad s.Chs.1; brooit Shr.1; brord, brore Chs.123;
bruard w.Yks.1 e.Lan.1 ; bruart Lan.1 Chs.128 nw.Der.1
[briirad, brhrat.]
1. sb. The young shoots of corn, grass, &c. ; a crop or
growth. See Braird.
w.Yks.(S.P.U.); w.Yks.1 ; w.Yks.3 This corn is i'breward. That's
a nice breward o' wheat. Lan. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Lan.1
Yo'n a fine bruart o' strawberry. e.Lan.1 s.Lan. Yo'n a fine
brewart o' potatoes, BAMFORD Dial. (1854). Chs.1 We speak of
' a good bruart ' or ' a bad bruart ' ; Chs.23 sXhs.1 Most commonly
applied to corn or turnips. Yoa')n got'n u rai-r broo'ud u
tuu'rmits i dhaat' feyld, gy'aaf'ur [Yo'n gotten a rare brooad o'
turmits i' that feild, gaffer]. Der.2, nwJDer.1
2. Pasturage found in wheat and oat fields after the
harvest.
w.Yks. (M.F.) Shr.1 'E'saploughin' up that meado', an' theer's
a good brooit on it for the yeows.
3. v. Of corn, vegetables, &c. : to shoot, spring, sprout.
Lan.1 Yo'r taties are bruartin' finely. Chs.123
4. To turn cattle out to graze on a harvested field.
w.Yks. (M.F.)
BREWARD, sb.2 Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. In form
braward Yks. ; brewart Der.2 nw.Der.1 ; brewerd Yks. ;
brewers w.Yks.24; brewits Lan.1; broward, brows
w.Yks.2; bruard w.Yks.1 e.Lan.1 Der.1; bruart Lan.1
e.Lan.1 Chs.12 nw.Der.1 ; bruit Lan. [briirad, brhrat.]
1. The brim of a hat.
w.Yks. A regular chimley-poiper, wi' a varry narrah breward,
Wadsley Jack (1866) xi ; w.Yks.1234s Lan. Wi' th' rain drippin'
off his hat brewits, WAUGH Sneck-Bant (1868) ii ; Lan.1, e.Lan.1
s.Lan. PICTON Dial. (1865) 14. Chs. (P.R.); (K.) Der.1 Obs. ;
Der.2, nw.Der.1
2. The narrow thin edge or shavings of anything.
Chs.2 Hat-bruarts are the parings of the brim of a hat (?) ; Chs.3
[Aile, the brim or brerewood of a hat, COTGR.]
BREWER, sb. Hmp. The foreman in a brewery,
who actually brews the beer. Hmp. (H.C.M.B.) ; Hmp.1
BREWER'S -APRON, sb. Suf. Inferior beer or
'swipes,' which are often said to be made from the
washings of the brewer's apron.
Suf. (F.H.) ; Well known (C.G.B.).
BREWERY, see Boorey.
BREWING, -obi. sb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Chs. [briu'in.]
In comp. (i) Brewing-brigs, a forked stick placed across
the brewing-tub to support the horsehair sieve (s.v.
Brig(g, 3) ; (2) -stoo, the bench on which the ' mash-
tub ' is placed in brewing.
(i) Cum., Wm. (M.P.) Yks. Ylts. Life and Character (1868) 138.
(a) Chs.1
BREWIS, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Wai. Der.
Shr. Mtg. Amer. Also written brawis Yks. ; breawis
e.Lan.1 Chs.1 ; brewesChs.28; breweys w.Yks.5 ; browes
Chs.13; browess Der.1; browis w.Yks.123 Chs.2 s.Chs.1
Der.2 nw.Der.1 Shr.1 [brhris, brouis.]
1. Broth, pottage.
Sc. Mountains of beef, and oceans of brewis, SCOTT Nigel (i8aa)
x. w.Yks. (D.L.) Lan. On Good Friday a jorum of browis and
roasted wheat or frumenty was the treat for dinner, HARLAND &
WILKINSON Flk-Lore (1867) 337. Chs. (E.F.)
2. Bread or oatcake soaked in hot water, fat, gravy, &c.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Obs. n.Yks.2 w.Yks. We'n had menni a mess
a nettle porridge an brawis, BYWATER Sheffield Dial. (1839) 13;
w.Yks.12; w.Yks.3 Without fat it is ' water-browis ' ; w.Yks.46
Lan. Wet and warm like Oldham brewis, WAUGH Chimn. Corner
(1874) 100, ed. 1879; Lan.1, e.Lan.1, Chs.1*8, s.Chs.1 n.Wal.
N. (f Q. (1870) 4th S. vi. 563. Der.12, nw.Der.1, Shr.1, Mtg.
(E.R.M.) [Nfld. Trans. Amer. Flk-Lore Soc. (1894). U.S.A.,
N.Eng. Crusts of rye and Indian or other bread softened with milk
and eaten with molasses, BARTLETT (1859).]
[1. Brewes, brouet, PALSGR. (1530) ; Potage, as wortes,
lowtes, or browes, Boke Kervynge (1513), in Meals Sr1
Manners, ed. Furnivall, 160. 2. Brewis, offulae adipatae,
BARET (1580). OFr. broez, broth, see HATZFELD (s.v.
Brouet).}
BREWITS, see Breward.
BREWSTER, sb. Obsol. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Lin.
Also Cor. Also written browster Sc. N.Cy.1 Nhb.1
1. A brewer.
Sc. BAILEY (1721) ; Scotic. (1787) 13. Kcd. A' their healths they
noo were drunk, And Brewster Babie's too, JAMIE Muse (1844) 73.
Flf. Brewsters' tongues wi' dads and dabs, TENNANT Papistry
(1827) 12. Edb. Ye browster never now busk yebraw, FERGUSON
Poems (1773) 100. Bwk. The browster gie'd us a' a gliff Wi' his
barley bree, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 4. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1,
n.Yks.2, e.Yks.1, w.Yks.1*, Lan.1, nXin.1 Cor. Monthly Mag.
(1808) II. 423 ; Cor.8 Used by old people.
2. Comp. Brewster-wife, a female publican.
Sc. The browster wives, are eident lang, Right fain for a' thing
snod, TARRAS Poems (1804) 92 (JAM.). Ayr. Browster wives an'
whisky stills, BURNS Third Ep. J. Lapraik (1785) St. 5.
[1. Of Richard Cook, a common brewster, breaking
the assize of bread and ale, vjd, Kirton Manor Fine Roll
(1632) (n.Lin.1).]
BREXASS, see Bracksus.
BREYAD-, see Broad-.
BREZ, v. ne.Lan. [Not known to our correspondents.]
To do anything energetically.
ne.Lan.1 I brezzed away at it
BRIAN, v. and sb. Obs. ? Nhb. Yks.
1. v. To keep fire at the mouth of an oven, either to give
light or to preserve the heat. Gen. in phr. to brian an oven.
n.Cy. (K.) ; N.Cy.12 Nhb. Elsewhere this fire is called a spruzz-
ing, GROSE (1790); Nhb.1 m.Yks.1 Boilers, 'set-pots' (open
boilers, set in brick), and large ovens, with the fire-grate under-
neath, are usually brianed.
2. sb. The residuum of the burning fuel retained alight
when a large fireplace, &c., is cleaned out. m.Yks.1
BRIAR, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Der. Not. Lin. Rut. Nhp. Wor. Shr. In forms brare
Not. ; brear w.Yks.1 ; bree n.Yks.12 ; breear Wm.1
ne.Yks.1; breeor Lan.; breer Sc. Nhb.1 n.Yks.2 n.Lan.1
e.Lan.1 Chs.18 s.Chs.1 Der.1 nw.Der.1 Rut.1 ; brere Dur.1
n.Yks.1 w.Yks.12 Lan.1 nw.Der.1 n.Lin.1 Nhp. [bria(r).]
BRIAR-BOT
[399]
BRID
1. A bramble or other prickly shrub, esp. the wild rose,
Rosa canina.
Ayr. The rose upon the breer, BURNS Wee Willie Gray. Slk.
He sprang o'er the bushes, he dashed o'er the breers, HOGG
Winter Ev. (1820) II. 215 (JAM.). Nhb.^Dur.1 Cum. Nae rwose . . .
That yet grew on a breer, ANDERSON Ballads (,1808) 74. Wm.
Keep out of the brears, to save your breeches, HUTTON Bran Nnv
Work (1785) 1. 487. n.Yks. As the lily amang the breers,
ROBINSON Whitby Sng. Sol. (1860) ii. a; Sharp as a bree,
LINSKILL Betw. Heather andN. Sea (1884) xiii ; n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1
T'lad's as sharp as a breear. e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788).
w.Yks.1 I yarks ya foote under a tetherin breear, ii. 302 ; w.Yks.2
Lan. A little smart tweggink lass, ut nipt obewt us sharp us o'
breeor, PAUL BOBBIN Sequel (1819) 15; Lan.1, n.Lan.1, e.Lan.1,
Chs.13, Der.1, nw.Der.1, s.Not. (J.P.K.), n.Lin.1, sw.Lin.1 Rut.1
I'll clean up they breers. Nhp. The rose is on the brere, CLARE
Remains (1873) 149.
Hence Briary, adj. (i) prickly, thorny, also used fig. ;
(a) sharp, clever, bold, restless.
(i) Lth. Dew Shining on thebreerie thorn. BRUCE Poems (1813)
162. n.Yks.2 A breery trod [path]. Breery beck, (a) Sc.
Stourie, stoussie, gaudy brierie, Dinging a' things tapsalteerie,
CRAWFORD Mother's Pet, st 3 (JAM. Suppl,*). Lth. (JAM.)
2. Comp. (i) Briar-ball, (2) -bob, a spongy ball or
excrescence growing on the wild rose ; (3) -boss, the
gall of the wild rose, formed by the insect Cynips rosae ;
(4) -bunting, the corn bunting, Emberiza miliaria; (5)
•crook, a hedging sickle.
(i\ Nhp.1 Placed by boys in their coat cuffs, as a charm to prevent
flogging. se.Wor.1 (2) Chs.1, s.Chs.1 (3) Shr. If you light on
a briar-boss accidental w'en yo" 'an the tuthache, an' wear it in
yore boasom, it'll cure it, BURNE Flk-Lore (1883) 194 ; Shr.1 (4)
nJr. [So called] from its nesting in ditch banks run wild with
brambles, SWAINSON Birds (1885) 69. N.I.1 (5) n.Yks. They cut
their way wi breea creeaks (I.W.) ; n.Yks.2
3. Shoots of the bramble when split into thongs for
binding straw beehives. Wm.1
[A brere smale and slendre, CHAUCER R. Rose. 858.
OE. brar.}
BRIAR-BOT, sb. N.I.1 [Not known to our correspon-
dents.] The fishing frog or sea-devil, Lophius piscatorius.
Also called Molly Gowan, Kilmaddy.
BRIBE, sb. Yks. [braib.] A piece cut off an end
or piece of cloth, which is damaged or imperfect ; a short
length of cloth.
w.Yks. (W.T.) ; Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 8, 1884) ; w.Yks.5
[Cp. Fr. bribe, ' gros morceau de pain, les restes d'un
repas' (LITTR£); bribe, 'morceau de telle chose que ce
soit' (ROQUEFORT).]
BRIBE, v. Brks.
' nag.'
Brks. She terrible bribed I (A.C.). Wil. He be always bribing
I with going after the rebbuts (W.C.P.) ; Wil.1 What d'ye want
to kip a-bribing I o' that vur ?
BRICCO, BRICHA, see Britchel.
BRICHEN, see Brochan.
BRICK, sb. Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. In comp. (i) Brick -burr, a brickbat; (2) -clod, a thin
but tough sod cut from a peat-bog, used for covering
bricks when they are piled up for drying; (3) -earth,
earth from which bricks are made ; (4) -head, a brick-
bat ; (5) -keel or -kill, a brick-kiln ; (6) -layer, (a) a brick-
maker ; (b) a term applied to clergymen ; (7) -maker,
the wagtail, Motacilla tugubris; (8) -noggin, an old, strong
method of building, in which the houses were framed in
woodwork and filled up with bricks ; (9) -oven, a baker's
oven made of bricks; (10) -pane, a term used of a half-
timbered house; (ii) -setter, a bricklayer; (12) -tiles,
bricks.
(i) n.Yks.2 (a) Chs.1 (3) Sur. A very singular and valuable
bed of brick earth, MARSHALL Review (1817) V. 371. (4) s.Not.
I'll hull a brick-'ead at yer (J.P.K.). (5) Brks.1, I.W.12, w.Som.1
(6, a) s.Chs.1 (A) Oxf., Brks. N. & Q. (1859) and S. vii. 115 ;
FARMER. (7) n.Lin. The appearance and departure of the wagtail
closely coincide with the opening and closing of the brick-making
season (G.E.D.). (8) Chs.13, Suf.1 Sur. Others are built of brick-
nogging covered with tiles, MARSHALL Review (1817) V. 389. (9)
n.Lin.', Wor. (J.W.P.) (10) Chs.3 Half-timbered houses are
Wil. To twit, taunt; to scold,
called brick-pane buildings, (i ix Ctw.1, s.Chs.1 [Gl. Lab. (1894).]
(la) [GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.)]
2. In phr. (i) Brick a bread or breed, of a wall : as thick
as a brick is broad, 4! ins. ; see Abrede ; (2) — a len(g)lh,
double the breadth of a brick; (3) -thanging, a forfeit
inflicted in some rustic games in which a person is taken
by the head and heels and tossed up and down.
(i) n.Yks.2 e.Yks. We built squire a brick a breed wall,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 54 ; e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.) nXin.1
(2) e-Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.) (3) Lan. (J.L.)
3. pi. A paved walk or footpath.
Stf.2 Kum on dh' briks, ya dSrti lad, ait a" dh' sluj. Sus.1 I'm
always pleased to see him a-coming up my bricks.
4. A small loaf of bread, resembling a brick in shape.
Sc. A quarter brick QAM.). Nhb. (W.G.), Nhp.1 Dev. Put es
nauze in ma pokkit an took'd a girt brick, NATHAN HOGG Poet.
Lett. (1847) i°> ed. 1865; HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1893) (s.v. Penny) ;
Dev.1
BRICK, see Birk, Brock.
BRICKEN, adj. Wil. Dor. Som. [bri'kan.] Made of
brick.
s.WU. (C.V.G.) Dor.1 Crickets roun' the bricken heth did
Z'ng, 155. Som. (C.V.G.)
BRICKEN, v. Obsol. n., s. and e.Cy. Also written
brecken N.Cy.1 To bridle, hold up the head ; to put on
a smart appearance by holding up the head.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.1 s. & e.Cy. RAY (1691). Sus. <K.):
(G.A.W.)
[Bricken, bridle up the head, COLES (1677).]
BRICKER, see Breaker.
BRICKET, sb. Chs.13 [bri-kit] A stool.
BRICKLE, adj. Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs. Nhp. Wor. Shr.
Suf. Sur. Hmp. Dor. Som. Amer. Written bre'kl- m. Yks.1
[bri'kl.] Fragile, brittle, easily broken. Also used fig.
See also Britchel. Cf. brackle, brockle, bruckle.
Sc. I think how I am to fend for ye now in thae brickie times,
SCOTT Old Mortality (1816) vii ; He understood well that an army
being brickie like glasse, MONRO Expedition (1637) II. 16 (JAM.).
e.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 It's feaful brickie weather; w.Yks.2 Lan.
GASKELL Lectures Dial. (1854) 21 ; Lan.1, n.Lan.1. Chs.1, Nhp.1,
s.Wor. (H.K.) Shr.1 Yo' mun mind 'ow yo' 'ondlen that corn;
the straw's despert brickie. Suf.1 Sur. Trans. Phil. Soc. (1854)
83. Hmp.1 Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873); JENNINGS Obs. Dial.
w.Eng. (1825). w.Som.1 'Tis so brickie's glass.
Hence Brickly, (i) adj. brittle, easily broken, friable ;
(2) adj. of sheep and cattle : given to break fences.
(i) m.Yks.1 Poor, dry straw is said to be mush and bre'kly.
Smf. A horse was perfection, only that, one hoof was 'brickly'
(T.R.L.). Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863) ; Dor.1 Som. JENNINGS Obs.
Dial. w.Eng. (1825). [U.S.A. Used in Georgia, BARTLETT (1859).]
(2) Som. You can't keep no brickly stock in that field (W.F.R.).
[This man that of earthly matter maketh brickie
vessels, BIBLE (1611) Wisdom xv. 13 ; Brickie, fragilis,
LEVINS Manip. (1570).]
BRICKO, see Britchel.
BRICKUT, sb. in phr. at brickut. Glo.1 Of a cat : man's
appetens.
BRID, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der.
1. A bird.
Yks. Brids of a feather aye flock together, HOLROYD Prov. Lan.
An' mi shuttle shall fly like a brid, BRIERLEY Waverlow (1884) 178 ;
Lan.1, e-Lan.1, Chs.18 s.Chs.1 19. Stf.1, Der.2, nw.Der.1
2. Comp. (i) Brid-breer, Rosa arvensis ; (2) -een, the
plant Lychnis diurna; (3) -legged, slender-legged, spindle-
shanked ; gen. applied to a woman ; (4) -nase, (5) -nesses,
pi. birds' nests ; (6) -neeze, a bird's nest ; (7) -neezing,
(8) -neisenin', bird-nesting ; (9) -'s-pin-cushions, the
mossy excrescences on wild rose-trees ; (10) -rose, the
white Scotch wild rose with black hips, Rosa spinosissitna.
(1,2) Chs.1 (3) Chs.123 (4) Stf.2 (5) Lan. He'd bridnesses
show thi an' o', Cy. Wds. (Nov. 17, 1866) 40. (6) Chs.13 (7)
Lan. Owd times when thee an' me wurn yunk . . . an" goo a brid
neezin", BRIERLEY Tales (1854) 147 ; An derectly went'n a brid-
neezink, WALKER Plebeian Pol. (179(6) 23. Chs.1 Let's go a brid-
neezing. (8) s.Chs.1 Wilt kum u)brid'z-neyznin wi iiz ii Sefurdi *
[Wut come a-brids'-neisenin' wi' us o' Setterday ?] This is peculiar
as being formed from the pi. of a sb. neyzn. (9)ib. Brid'z-ping--
kushinz. Also called Breer [briar]-bob (q.v.). (10) Chs.13
BRID
[400]
BRIDGE
3. A term of affection, in addressing men or animals,
sen. in phr. owd brid.
Lan. Good neet, owd brid, BRIERI.EY Ab-o'-th'-Yate Yankee/and
(1885) vii ; [To a donkey.] Lifting a bucket of water which stood
by the door, — ' Sup, owd brid ! It'll make thi yure curl !' WAUGH
Besom Ben, i.
[Y gadre togider thi sones, as a brid gadenth his nest
vndur fethris, WYCLIF (1388) Luke xiii. 34. OE. brid
(Corpus Gl.).]
BRID, see Breed.
BRIDAL, 56. Sc. Also Som. In comp. (i) Bridal-
bread, obs., bread broken over a bride's head after
marriage and scrambled for by the guests ; (2) -potion,
obs., a drink, given in connexion with the ' bedding ' (q.v )
of the bride and bridegroom ; (3) -wife, a newly-married
wife ; (4) -wreath, the plant Francoa ramosa, bearing
long racemes of small white flowers.
(i) Lth. Now broken was the bridal bread Owre the bride's
cockernony, BRUCE Poems (1813) 65. (a) ib. Auld doited Pate. . .
Pray'd owre the bridal potion, ib. 70 ; (A.W.) (3) Ayr. The
minister's come hame wi' his bridal-wife, GALT Lairds (1826)
xxxv. (4) w.Som.1
BRID BILLED, adj. Chs.13 Also in form bridbuild.
[bri'dbild.] Said of accurately-fitting wood.
[Fitted as accurately as the two parts of a ' bird's bill.']
BRIDE, sb.1 and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. sb. In comp. (i) Bride-bun or -cake, the cake provided
at a wedding, formerly broken over the head of the bride ;
(2) -day, wedding-day; (3) -'s-knots, ribbons worn at
a wedding ; (4) -'s-laces, the ribbon-grass, Calamagrostis
variegata ; (5) -'s-maiden, bridesmaids ; (6) -'s-part, the
early part of the day on which a wedding takes place ;
(7) -'s-pie, a round pie with a strong crust, variously orna-
mented, which was always present at the feast after a
wedding; (8) -shoe, money demanded at the church gate
from the wedding-party ; see also Ball-money ; (9)
-spurs, spurs allotted to the best runner after the marriage
ceremony; (10) -stones, pillars of rocks found on the
moors, at which marriage ceremonies were formerly
practised.
(i) Slk. They were battling wha first to get a haud o' the
bride's bunn, HOGG Tales (1838) 154, ed. 1866. N.Cy.1 w.Yks.1
A thin currant-cake, marked in squares, though not entirely cut
through, is ready against the bride's arrival. Over her head is
spread a clean linen napkin ; the bridegroom standing behind the
bride, breaks the cake over her head. (2) Sc. The bride-day, you
say, is to be on the thirtieth of the instant month ? SCOTT Nigel
(1822) xxxvii. (3) Lth. Bride's-knots, an sic like gear ... I'm gaun
to Willie's wedding, BRUCE Poems (1813) 62. (4) Nhp.1 (s)w.Cor.
She's going to have six brides-maiden (M.A.C.). (6) Ir. The
wedding morning, or the bride's part of it, as they say, was
beautiful, CARLETON Traits Peas. (1843) I. 60. (7) w.Yks.1 It
would have been deemed an act of neglect or rudeness if any
of the party omitted to partake of it. (8) n.Yks. (I.W.) (9) N.Cy.1,
Nhb.1 Obs. (10) n.Yks.2
2. v. To bridle up the head, to act the bride.
[She brides it, RAY Prov. (1678) 67.]
[2. Cincischidre, to mince or bride it at the table, or in
speech, as a bride, or some affected women do (FLORIO).]
BRIDE, sb.2 Shr.
1. A disease causing stiff joints in the feet of pigs.
(G.FJ.)
2. Comp. Bride-weed or -wort, the yellow toad-flax,
Linaria vulgaris.
Shr. A decoction of the herb is used in the treatment of this
disease [bride], whence the local name Bride- wort (G.F.J.) ; Shr.1
[Fr. bride, pi. 'filaments qui, dans Pinterieur de la plaie,
empechent Pdcoulement du pus ' (HATZFELD).]
BRIDE- ALE, sb. Nhb. Yks. Also Som. Also written
bridal Nhb.1
1. A wedding feast. See also Bride-door, Broose.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 w.Som.1 Bruyd ae-ul. Still in use, but obsol.
[(K.)]
2. The warmed, sweetened, and spiced ale, presented to
a wedding party on its return from church. Also called
Hot-pots (q.v.).
n.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 Whoever had the good fortune to arrive first
at the bride's house, requested to be shown to the chamber of the
new married pair. After he had turned down the bed-clothes
he returns, carrying in his hand a tankard of warm ale, to meet
the bride, to whom he triumphantly offers his humble beverage.
The bride then presents to him [a] ribbon as the honourable
reward of his victory.
[1. A bridale, nuptiae, LEVINS Manip. (1570). OE. bryd-
ealo.}
BRIDE-DOOR, sb. Dur. Cum. Yks. In phr. to run
or ride for the bride-door, to join in the race for the
bride's gift of a ribbon or handkerchief, run by the young
men of the neighbourhood, at the conclusion of the
marriage ceremony. See Bride-ale, Broose.
n.Cy. In Sc. the prize is a mess of brose : the custom is there
called running for the brose, GROSE (1790) Suppl. ; The ribbon
when won is supposed to be destined for the winner's sweetheart,
actual or to be, ATKINSON Gl. Dnr. Still practised at St. Helen's,
Auckland, and other villages in Dur. : only the handkerchief is
supposed to be a delicate substitute for the bride's garter, which
used to be taken off as she knelt at the altar, ib. Dur., Cum.
(s.v. Bride-ale), BROCKETT Gl. n-Yks.1 In days gone by, the race
was always from the churchyard gate to the bride-door, and the
prize was not barely the bride's garter, but the added privilege of
taking it himself from her leg as she crossed the threshold of her
home ; n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1 Obs. e.Yks. The prize [is] a ribbon,
which is worn for the day in the hat of the winner, MARSHALL
Rur. Econ. (1788). w.Yks. Should any of the competitors, how-
ever, omit to shake hands with the bride, he forfeits the prize, though
otherwise entitled to win (s. v. Bride-ale), BROCKETT Gl. [Wei.
After the wedding, the bridegroom mounts on horseback and
takes his bride behind him. A certain amount of ' law ' is given
them, and then the guests mount and pursue them. It is a matter
of courtesy not to overtake them, but whether overtaken or not
they return with their pursuers to the wedding feast, BRAND Pop.
Antiq. II. 155 ; ATKINSON G/.]
BRIDE- WAIN, sb. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
1. Obs. A wagon or cart, loaded with household goods,
conveyed from the bride's house to her new home.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) Suppl. ; N.Cy.1 Nhb. Such a waggon is
styled the ' plenishing-wain,' ATKINSON Gl. ; Nhb.1, Wra.1 n.Yks.1
It has obtained the name of wain from a very ancient custom,
now obs., of presenting a bride, who had no great stock of her
own, with a waggon-load of furniture and provisions. Some forty
or fifty years since it was the custom here to place one of those
curious and handsome black oak cabinets or presses, well stored
with the necessary graithing or gear for a newly married couple,
in a wain, and harnessing to it several yoke of oxen gaily gar-
landed, to drive it as a part of the bridal procession to the church.
One such bridewain had no less than sixteen oxen yoked to it ;
n.Yks.2 e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788). w.Yks.1
2. The bridal gifts. Dur.1, Wm.1
8. A ' bidden ' wedding at which the friends of the bride
and bridegroom are expected to contribute presents. See
Infaire.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Cnm. At a bride-wain (which is the carrying of
a bride home), ... it is the custom to make presents of money,
&c., BRAND Pop. Antiq. (1848) II. 150 ; An' iv'ry lad or lass they
met, I' th' house or out, to the breydewain They bade that day,
STAGG Bridewain (1805) St. 4 ; Cum.1 Wm. Lonsdale Mag. (1822)
III. 381 ; Wm.1 Lakel. ELLWOOD (1895). Lan.1
BRIDEWELL, sb. Obs. Lin. A prison.
n-Lin.1 The bridewell meant the now disused prison of Kirton-
in-Lindsey. ' I will put thee in bridewell to draw at the mill as
long as thou livest,' BERNARD Terence (1629) 16.
[Bride-well, a house of correction, a prison, Nomencl.
(1585) (NARES). 'Bridewell ' was the name of a house of
correction given to the City of London by Edward VI.
The house was so called from being near St. Bride's
Well, close to St. Bride's Church.]
BRIDGE, sb. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Nhp. Som. Nfld.
1. A weigh-bridge.
N.I.1 A coal carter was found to have been abstracting coals
from his own load. ' Ah, ye fool,' said his comrade, ' shure
A toul* ye ye had to go over a bridge.'
2. Comb, (i) Bridge Fair, an annual fair held at Peter-
borough ; (2) -rails, malleable iron or steel rails used in
the barrow ways ; (3) -ramps, the ascents to the bridges
over the railway.
(i) Nhp. N. & Q. (1851) ist S. iii. 287 ; Orig. held on Oct. a,
BRIDGE
[401]
BRIEF
but now on the first Wed. and Thurs. in Oct. So called because
it is principally held on land adjacent to the Bridge over the Nen
(P.G.D.). (3) Nhb., Dur. GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849). [In
gen. use in the rail trade ;R.O.H.).] (3) Som. The sloping sides
of the ascent are called the ' ramps ' (W.F.R.).
3. A platform.
[Nfld. Commonly used (G.P.).]
BRIDGE, v. Yks. Lin. [bridg.] To cheapen, beat
down in price; to ' bate.'
n. Yks. Ah bridged him down sixpence (I. W.). e.Yks.1 m.Yks.1
I never go to that shop ; they bridge nought, w. Yks.2 He wouldn't
bridge sixpence. n.Lin.1
[No but the Lord hadde breiggid tho dayes, WYCLIF
(1382) Mark xiii. 20. Aphetic form of abridge.]
BRIDGET-IN-HER-BRAVERY, sb. Lin. The rose-
campion, Lychnis chalcedonica.
BRIDGNORTH ELECTION, phr. Wor. Shr. In phr.
All on one side, like Bridgnorth Election, said of anything
which is oblique or out of the perpendicular.
Wor. (J.W.P.) Shr. Members of the Whitmore families of
Apley, near Bridgnorth, have represented the borough in Parliament
from 1663 to 1870 [with rare exceptions]. . . . The contests were
sometimes sharp, and the saying is prob. due to the . . . predestined
success of the [Tory] Whitmore family, rather than to that of
either political party, BURNE Flk-Lore (1883) 592 ; Shr.2
BRIDIE, sb. Sc. [bri-di.] A small mutton or beef
pie with gravy in it, about the size of a teacup saucer.
Frf. A hot sweet-smelling bridie, whose gravy oozed deliciously
through a bursting paper bag, BARRIE Tommy (1896) 271 ; Bridies,
which are a sublime kind of pie, ib. 98 ; Well known, but always
called ' Forfar bridie' (G.W.).
BRIDLE, sb. and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng.
1. sb. In comp. (i) Bridle-arm, the left arm; (2) -backs,
short pieces of wood nailed across the upper end of the
cupples, just below the hunes; {3} -bands, an arrange-
ment of strings or ' bands 'which kept the slide or carriage
of the spinning-jenny at right angles to the sides or
' races'; (4) -duck, the female scaup, Fuligula marila; (5)
•gate, a wooden gate at the end of a ' riding," or cleared
road, in a wood ; (6) -hand, the left hand ; (7) -road, (8)
•sty or -style, a road for horses and foot-passengers only;
(9) -tooth, a tooth of a horse which grows out of the side
of the gum ; also called -fang ; (10) -track, (n) -way,
see -sty.
(i) n.Lin.1 (2) S. & Ork.1 (3) w.Yks. The arrangement is still
used in the self-acting mules (W.T.). (4) Dub. [So called] from
the broad white band round the base of the bill, SWAINSON Birds
( 1885) 159. (5) w.Yks.2 (6) nXln.1 (7) Dur.1 n.Yks. (I.W.) ;
(.W.H.) Lei.1, Nhp.1, War.3 Wor. In the line of an old bridle-
road across the fields, ALLIES Antiq. Flk-Lore (1840) 65, ed. 1852.
Oxf. W. & Q. (1869) 4th S. iii. 377. Hnt. (T.P.F.) Ken. GROSE
(1790) MS. add. (P.) (8) n.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.I Yks.
THORESBY Lett. (1703). w.Yks. A string of these primitive
carriers, . . . picking their way ... up the ' bridle stye," CUD-
WORTH Manning/tarn (1896) 328 ; T'bridle sty 'at led onto t'moor,
PRESTON Yksman. (1880) 54 ; w.Yks.12 ; w.Yks.3 There was no
cart road to Wakefield, it was only for packhorses ; it was called
Bridlestyle rOad ; w.Yks.4 ne.Lan.1 (9) u.Lin,1 There is a silly
superstition that when this malformation occurs in mares the
animals will be barren. (10) n.Wil. Bridle-tracks which once
crossed the country in every direction, JEFFERIES Wild Life (1879)
97. (n) Nhp^e-An.1
2. In phr. to bite on the bridle, to suffer hardships, to be
in great straits.
Sc. Let her bite on the bridle when she was living . . . and gie
her a decent burial now she's dead, SCOTT Bride of Lam. (1819)
xxiv. w.Yks.1, Der.1 n.Lin.1 Thaay niver minded what end went
fost when times was good, soa thaay hev to bite the bridle noo.
3. Obs. An iron frame with a gag, formerly placed as a
punishment on a scold's head and mouth. Also called
Brank, q.v.
[See Obsol. Punishments in Chester Archaeol. Jrn. II.] Chs.3,
Der.1
4. The head of a plough ; the piece of iron fastened to
the end of the beam of a plough, to which the harness is
attached.
Rxb. The bridle . . . moves upon a strong pin piercing the beam,
VOL. i.
„
Agric. Sun/. 50 (JAM.). Suf. RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 389, ed.
1849. [MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).]
5. v. To curb, restrain, modify ; to rope a stack.
Elg. A Maegruther. whose forefathers since the flood had been
professors of the bagpipe and would have bridled it into any purpose-
like thing, COUPER Toimfications (1803) II. 27. Kcb. (A.W.)
Hence (i) Bridled, pp. see below ; (2) Bridling-ropes,
sb. pi. ropes used to hold down the thatch on stacks or
roofs of houses.
(i) Frf. The animal is in danger of being bridled. This is
occasioned by the animal's bending its neck extremely to claw its
throat with its teeth. . . . The teeth often fasten in the wool, so
that it cannot disengage them, STEPHENS Farm Bk. (ed. 1849) I.
240. (2 1 w. & s.Sc. When the stacks have been built and covered,
ropes of straw are fixed vertically over the thatch ; . . . the bridlin
ropes are then carried round and caught on the vertical ones (JAM.
Suppl.).
6. To raise the head scornfully. Used with prep, up,
n.Lin.1 She did bridle up when thaay tell'd her what he d been a
saayin".
Hence Bridling, ppl. adj. Of a bitch : marts appetens.
w.Yks.1
7. Of barley : to droop when ripe.
Suf. RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 289, ed. 1849 ; Only known by old
people, the usual word being ' rein ' (q.v.) (F.H.).
[2. To bite upon the bridle, etre reduit fort a I'e'troit,
MIEGE (1679). 3. A brydle for a curste queane, Maccles-
field Corp. Rec. (1623) in Ormerod's Hist. Chs. (ed. 1882)
III. 790. 6. The damoisel was mighty well pleased ; . . .
she bridled, she strutted, and strained to deserve it,
Annals of Love (1672) (NARES).]
BRIDOON, sb. Irel. The snaffle and rein of a bridle.
Ir. Parnell promised them that by and by they would fit these
same mouths [i.e. the landlords'] with bit and bridoon, Standard
(Mar. 2, 1891).
[Bridon, a snaffle, a bit without any branches, ASH
(1795). Fr. bridon, a snaffle (COTGR.).]
BRIDT
ITHER, see Brither.
BRIEF, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Wor. Shr. Glo. Cmb. e.An.
Ken. Som. Cor. Also written breef Sc. Cmb.1 ; breif Sc.
(JAM.) [brif.]
1. A begging letter, a petition for some charitable object,
gen. signed by some responsible person.
Nhb. A kind neighbour wrote her a brief, RICHARDSON Bor-
derer's Table-bk. (1846) VII. 389; Nhb.1 n.Yks. (I.W.) ; n-Yks.1
Many briefs, duly signed by minister and churchwardens, may
commonly be seen still in course of circulation through the country
side in Clevel. ne.Yks.1 w.Yks. I never turned my back on a brief
when I went to church, EVERETT Blacksmith (ed. 1834) 101 ; We
had a brief and went round and gathered for him a tidy sum (A.C.).
w.Wor. He's brought a brief, S. BEAUCHAMP Granlley Grange
(1874) II- 43- Shr.1, Glo. (S.S.B.) Cmb.1 I have seen a woman
come up with a brief for the Mayor to sign before she took it
round the town. e.An.1 Nrf. 1689. Collected June 17 & 18 on the
briefe for the Irish and Protestants, ^31 17*. i id., Chwardens' Aces.
St. Peter Mancroft, Norwich ; Still in every-day use (J.H.X Ken.
(P.M.1); Ken.1 Som. To write a bit of a brief vor un (W.F.R.).
w.Som.1 Tez u suyt ai'ziur vur t-uurn ubaewt wai u bree-f-n tez
tu-wuurk [it is much easier to run about with a begging petition
than it is to work]. w.Cor. (M.A.C.)
2. A funeral or burial club.
w.Yks. Before a womman's wed, hur chap sud be in a brief, so
az shoo may hev summat ta berry him wi', TOM TREDDLEHOYLE
Bairnsla Ann. (1867) 40; About Leeds, the exact equivalent fora
club of this nature is 'Dead-Brief ; about Halifax, ' Death-Brief
(C C.R.) ; Gen. ' funeral brief (S.P.U.).
3. Comp. (i) Brief-club, a burial club ; (2) -nights, the
nights on which the committee of a ' brief meet to
transact business.
w.Yks. (i) Deceased was a member of the brief-club, N. £r> Q.
(1876) 5th S. v. 325. (a) (C.C.R.)
4. A spell, charm.
Sc. The brief was out, 'twas him it doom'd The mermaid s face
to see, FINLAY Ballads (1808) II. 85 (JAM.). Ayr. Ye surely hae
some warlock-breef Owre human hearts, BURNS To J. Smith
(1785) st. i.
5. A railway ticket. Also in comp. Brief-jigger, railway
ticket-office.
Slang. Took a brief to London Bridge, HORSLEY./O«<«£S (1887) i.
BRIEF
[402]
BRILLIANT
Cant. The milingtary-lookin' swell ... as run his rule over you
in the push by the brief-jigger, CAREW Autob. Gypsy (1891)
XXXV.
[1. The frere . . . cam with hus letteres Baldely to the
bushope and hus breef hadde, P. Plowman (c.) xxm. 327.
Fr. href, 'courte lettre officielle' (HATZFELD).]
BRIEF, adj. and adv. Sc. n.Cy. Chs. Der. Lin. Lei.
Nhp. War. Shr. Bdf. Ken. Amer. [brif.]
1. adj. Plentiful, frequent, common.
Chs. Still in use. Fleigh [flees] are very brief this whot weather
(E.G.); Chs.3 Shr. Of the gloomy Bomere Pool legends are brief,
BtrRNE Flk-Lore (1883) viii. Ken. Used to denote the plentifulness
of blackbeetles (P.M.) ; Ken.1 ; Ken.2 Wipers are wery brief here.
2. Of diseases or epidemics : rife, prevalent.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) Suppl. Chs.12; Chs.3 Smallpox is very
brief. s.Chs.1 Mee'zlz fir ver-i breef ubaayt [measles are very
brief abait]. Der.1, Lei.1. Nhp.12 War. B'ham Wkly. Post (June
10, 1893); War.123 Shr.1 Han yore childern 'ad the maizles ? I
'ear as a bin mighty brif about. Bdf. An illness is said to be ' very
brief about' (J.W.B.) ; Colds are very brief, BATCHELOR Anal.
Eng. Lang. (1809) 127. [U.S.A. Much used in the interior of New
England and in Virginia, BARTLETT (1859).]
3. Busy, bustling ; quick ; energetic.
S. & Ork * Shr.1 'Er wuz that brif about clanin' the 'ouse down
w'en I seed 'er. Now then, be brif an' finish that job.
4. Clever, apt, keen.
Abd. A brief joke or saying (G.W.). Ags. A brief discourse, a
good sermon. He gae us a very brief sermon (JAM.).
5. adv. Quickly, swiftly, rapidly.
n. Lin. He went along as brief as a yung man, fer all he was soa
ohd, Lm. N. & Q. (July iSooX
[Brief, rife or common, PHILLIPS (1706).]
BRIEKIT, ppl. adj. S. & Ork.1 Of sheep: parti-
coloured, brindled, having white legs and belly. See
Brook, v."
BRIERS, s*.1//. Sc. Written breeirs Bnff.1 [briarz.]
The eyelashes. Also used fig.
Abd. 'Hingin' by the briers o the een'is used metaph. of one in
a shaky condition (W.M.). Bnff. Breears o' the een (W.G.);
Bnff.1
[Conn. w. bree, sb.3 Cp. cilium, brye, Harl. MS. (c. 1450)
in Wright's Voc. (1884) 631.]
BRIERS, sb? pi. Nhb.1 Beams or girders fixed across
a shaft top.
BRIESTYE, see Breast-hee.
BRIGANER, 56. Sc. Also in form brigander Bnff.1
[bri-ganar.]
1. A robber, brigand.
Sc. This Patrick Ger, ... a notable thief, robber and briganer,
SPALDING Hist. Sc. (1792) I. 31 (JAM.) ; I did na care to stilp upo'
my queets, for fear o' the briganers, FORBES Jrn. (1742) 6 (ib.).
2. A person of rude, boisterous habits. Bnff.1
[Brigand + -er, as in barrister, chorister.}
BRIGDA,s6. Sc. Also written brigdie QAM.), [bri-gda,
bri-gdi.] The basking shark, Squalus maximus.
n.Sc., Sh.I. It is called pricker, and brigdie, NEILL Fishes (1810)
26 (JAM.). Sh.I. (W.A.G.) S. & Ork.1
[Norw. dial, brygda, also brugda, brogda (AASEN, 84).]
BRIGDER, sb. Sc. Also in form brig, brigger (JAM.
Suppl.). The small cord or twisted hair to which a fish-
ing-hook or a cast of flies is attached.
S. & Ork.1 Sh.I., w.Sc. (JAM. Suppl.}
[Conn. w. Norw. dial, brigda, to twist (AASEN).]
BRIG(G, sb. and v. In gen. dial, use in Sc. and n. and
midl. counties to Nhp. BdfT Hnt. Cmb. e.An. [brig.]
1. sb. A bridge.
Sc. Hackstoun of Rathillet keepit the brigg wf musket, carbine,
and pike, SCOTT BrideofLam. (1819) xxiv. n.Sc. ' Brigonahair'
is a very narrow bridge (JAM.). Abd. The venerable Bow brig,
the oldest bridge in Aberdeen, SMILES Natur. (1876) ii; The Ian'
stells o' the brig, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xviii. Frf. By
the auld brig that spans the wee burnie, WATT Sketches (1880) 48.
Ayr. Sweeps dams, an' mills, an' brigs, a' to the gate, BURNS
Brigs of Ayr ^1787) St. 7. Edb. Replacing his glasses on the brig
of his nose, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) xi. Bwk. Hyndhaugh
brig, and Hyndhaugh brae, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) ai.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. Can over t'brig, CLARE Love of Lass (1890) I. 65 ;
Nhb.1, Dur.1 Cum. At Carel the brig's tummel'd down, ANDERSON
Ballads (1808") Nicol the Newsmonger. Wm.1, n.Yks.123 ne.Yks.1
Hez t'brigg brok ? e.Yks. As ther was neeah brig he was fooact
ti lowp ower it, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (18891 36 ; e.Yks.1, m.Yks.!
w.Yks. Every one praises t'brig they go ower, Prov. in Brighouse
News (Aug. 10, 1889) ; w.Yks.12345 Lan. Nearly scrapin' th' skin
off th' brig ov his nose, STANDING Echoes (1885) 22 ; Lan.1, nXan.1,
e.Lan^.m.Lan.1. Der.1 Not. A war crossing the foot-brig (L.C.M.) ;
Not.1, s.Not. (J.P.K.) Lin. I'll run up to the brig, TENNYSON TV.
Farmer, New Style (1870) st. 14. n.Lin. SUTTON Wds. (1881) ;
n.Lin.1, sw.Lin.1, Rut.1 Lei. She lives down brigs (C.E.) ; Lei.1,
Nhp.12 Bdf. BATCHELOR Anal. Eng. Lang. (1809) 127. Hnt.
(T.P.F.) Cmb. RAY (1691 . e.An.1
2. Comp. (i) Brig-end, (2) -foot, the foot or end of
a bridge ; (3) -liable or -hobble, the wall or parapet of a
bridge ; (4) -hole, the archway of a bridge ; (5) -stone,
(a) a stone culvert or drain ; (b) pi. the flagstones over
a drain or waterway ; (6) -stowers, the timber-lengths
used to strengthen the props or supports of a wooden
bridge ; (7) -'s-wath, the part where the stream is bridged
over.
(i) Gall. I was
standin' on the brig-end o' Devorgill,
CROCKETT Raiders (1894) xliv. (2) n.Yks.2 (3) w.Yks. Ah hurt
mi shoolder agean a brig-hebble (S.K.C.). e.Lan.1 (4) Lei.1
' Doon't pull so "ard theer, under the brig-ools,' [said] to a barge-
horse driver by a canal bridge. (5, a) n.Yks. A brigstone is a kind
of rough conduit for water across a gate-stead, ATKINSON Maori.
Parish (1891) 64 ; (T.S.) ; n.Yks.1 ; (6) n.Yks.12 (6, 7) n.Yks.2
3. A wooden frame placed over a tub to support the
'terns' or strainer used in brewing, and the 'sile' in
dairy work. Gen. used in pi.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) MS. add. ( P.) Wm.1 ne.Yks.1 In common
use. e.Yks.1 w.Yks. The ' terns and brigs ' were formerly to be
seen in nearly every cottage (J.T.) ; w.Yks.123, ne.Lan.1 Der.
A pair of cheese briggs, Cox Churches (1877) III. 225. Not.
(J.H.B.) ; Not.1 s.Not. So called because it is somewhat in the
fashion of a bridge (J.P.K.). n.Lin.1 Lei.1 Sometimes a forked
stick is substituted, called a ' pair of brigs.' Nhp.1
4. pi. Irons set over the fire to support pots and pans.
w.Yks.13 Lan. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Lan.1, e.Lan \
5. v. To build or throw a bridge over.
Lnk. To brig a burn (JAM.). n.Yks.1, w.Yks.*
[ME. brig (Cursor M. 8945) ; OE. brycg.}
BRIGGER, see Brigder.
BRIGHT, sb. Yks. [brit.]
1. A clever contrivance.
w.Yks. Of a small mechanical toy : ' Well, that's a bright, reight
enough ! ' (B.K.) ; w.Yks.3 There's allys new breets.
2. In phr. to strike a bright, to awaken a new train of
thoughts, ideas.
w.Yks. When Ah tell'd him that, it struck a bright intul him
(S.K.C.). .
3. A prank, trick.
w.Yks. We hed a bit ov a bright on wi him efter t'pub lowsed
(B.K.).
BRIGHT, adj. e.An. Of marshes : covered with
water.
e-An.1 The marshes are bright to-day. Nrf. COZENS-HARDY
Broad Nrf. (1893) 78.
BRIGHTEN, sb. Hmp. A species of lichen.
Hmp. For weak eyes, brighten, another lichen, is recommended,
WISE New Forest (1883) 176; Hmp.1
BRIGHTEN, v. Yks. Also written breeten w.Yks.
[bri-tan.] To make bright or quick (reft.); to become
quick.
w.Yks. Come lad, breeghten thisen ! (JE.B.); Thah mun
brighten a bit moor if thah meeans to get up to him (B.K.); Tlia'll
ha' to breeten if tha means hevin' done afore dinner, Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (Dec. 9, 1891).
BRIGHT-EYE, sb. Dev. The lesser celandine,
Ranunculus ficaria.
Dev. Bright-eye, with its glossy leaves, BRAY Desc. Tamar and
Tavy (1836) I. 318.
BRIHAM, see Bargham.
BRIKKER, see Breaker.
BRILLIANT, sb. Lon. A sweetmeat.
Lon. Sugar constitutes the base of an almost innumerable variety
of hard confectionary, sold under the names of lozenges, brilliants,
MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) I. 204.
BRILLS
[403]
BRINDY
BRILLS, sb.pl. Sc. Irel. Written breels Sc. (JAM.)
[brllz, brilz. | Spectacles, esp. double-jointed ones.
Cld. (JAM.) N.I.I Ant Ballymena Obs. \ 1892 \
[Du. bril (pi. brillen], a pair of spectacles (HEXHAM);
G. brille.}
BRIM, sb.1 and v.1 Sc. Irel. Wm. Chs. Lin. Som.
[brim.]
1. sb. A bank or hedge-side covered with brambles or
other wild undergrowth. w.Som.1 [bnim.]
2. Fig. The measure of endurance.
Wm. Ah was full up ta t'brim wi' bother o' yah sooart er
amidder (B.K.).
Hence Brimful, adj., fig. full of sorrow or anger.
Lth. To sigh ower the days o' auld lang syne Wi' brimfou' bosom
an' tearfu* ee, BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 115. Wm. He was
brim-full an" t'tears wor rowlin' doon his cheek. He wor sayin'
'at Ah wor a leer, see Ah went tue him, theer an' than, brim-full as
Ah wor(B.K.).
3. v. Used in form (i) Brimmed, pp. flooded, full ; (2)
Brimming, ppl. adj. full to the brim, overflowing; (3)
Brimming over, phr. overfull, overflowing.
(i) Lin. The tankards brimmed with beer, BROWN Lit. Laur.
(1890) 65. (2) Sc. A deep lock that's aye kept brimming with the
hundreds of wee watercourses, WHITEHEAD Daft Davie (1876!
180, ed. 1894. Ir. It glistened and shimmered in many a brimming
pool, BARLOW Idylls (1892) 202. Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892). (3)
Chs.1 Yon pot's brimmin o'er.
BRIM, v? and sb.x In gen. dial, use in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Written bream n.Lin.1 ; breem Sc. HAM.) ; brem
Glo.12 Ken. ; breme N.Cy.1 Wm. n.Yks.1 [brim, brim.]
1. v. Of swine : to be in heat, to copulate.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Dur.1 Wm. The sew was bremed with a prize
boar (B.K.). n.Yks. Ah've gotten t'sew brimmed (T.S.) ; n.Yks.1
•e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788) ; e.Yks.1, w.Yks.2, Chs.13,
s.Chs.1, Der.1, Lei.1, War.3, Glo.12
Hence (i) Brimmed, pp. covered by a boar ; (2) Brim-
mer, sb. a sow in kind; (3) Brimming, (a) vbl. sb. the
restless state of sows when at heat ; (b) ppl. adj. of a sow :
man's appetens; (4) Brimward, adj. of a sow: mans
appetens.
(i) Lan. (J.L.) Lan., Chs. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). (2)
Nhb.1 (3, a) e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788) ; (J.N.) n.Lin.1
[MAYER Sptsmn's Directory (1845) 144.] (b) Rxb. (JAM.) Ant.
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Dur.1, e-Dnr.1 w.Yks. (C.W.H.),
neXan.1, e.Lan.1, Chs.123, Der.2, nw.Der.1 Suf., Ken., Sus. HOLLO-
WAY. Ken. (P.M.) (4) Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863) ; Dor.1
2. sb. The heat in sows.
n.Cy. HOLLOWAY. w.Yks.1 e-An.1 We say, 'sow goes to brim ';
but we never call the boar a brim.
3. A boar.
s. & e.Cy. RAY (1691). n-Lin.1, se.Wor.1, s.Wor. (H.K.), s.Wor.1,
Glo.1 2, Suf.1 Ken. A sow when brimming goes to brim (K.).
4. A harlot, strumpet, trull.
Lth. UAM".), Glo.2, e.An.1 Slang. FARMER.
[1. ME. britnmen (STRATMANN). Cp. Du. bremen, to
burn with lust or desire (HEXHAM).]
BRIM, v.3 e.An. [Not known to our correspondents.]
Past tense of to broom, or sweep with a broom.
e.An.1 I brim up all the muck I could.
BRIM, see Bream.
BRIMBLE, see Bramble.
BRIME, sb. Sc. [braim.] Brine, pickle, salt.
Sc. As saut's brime (JAM.). Dmb. Steep in brime o' yer ain
sautin', CROSS Disruption (1844) xxviii.
BRIME, v. Cor. [Not known to our correspondents.]
To flash up, to blaze.
Cor. ' To brime a boat ' is to melt the pitch on it by applying a
flame of fire to it, N. & Q. (1854; ist S. x. 179.
BRIME, see Bargham.
BRIMELD, sb. S. & Ork.1 A very old female seal.
[Norw. dial, brimul, for older bremulv (AASEN).]
BRIMING, sb. Cor. Also in form breeming Cor.2
brimming Cor.1 [brrmin, brrmin.] Phosphorescence
of the sea. See Briny.
Cor. The briming, or light excited at night in sea-water by any-
thing that disturbs it, QUILLER-COUCH Hist. Polperro (1871) 107 ;
N. & Q. (1850: ist S. x. 179; Cor.la
BRIMMEL, see Bramble.
BRIMMER, sb.1 Suf. [brrma(r).] A bumper.
Suf. Very common (F.H.) ; Suf.1 [There is no deceit in a
brimmer, RAY Prov. (1678) 3.]
BRIMMER, sb* Brks. Wil. [bri'ma(r).] A broad-
brimmed hat. Brks.1, Wil.1
Hence Brimmin-tucker, sb. a new hat. Wil. (G.E.D.)
BRIMMING, ppl. adj. Nhb. [brrmin.] Of soil or
earth : having a mellow and crumbly appearance.
n.Cy. HUNTER Georgical Essays (1803-4) I- 151, in AT. & Q.
( 1887) 7th S. iv. 22. Nhb. • Ni wer sou corn till the land's brimmin'.'
Corn sown at that juncture is almost immediately germinated
(R.O.H.).
BRIMS, sb. Ken. Also in forms brimsey, brimp
Ken.1 [brimz.] The gadfly. See Breeze, sb.1
Ken. De ole cow's got de brimps (P.M.) ; ' You have a brims in
your tail'; said of a restless person (K.); Ken.12
[Tahon,a. brizze, brimsee, COTGR. ON. brims (FRITZNER) ;
G. bretnse.]
BRIM-SAND, sb. Dor. Sea-sand. Dor. Gl. (1851).
BRIMSEY, see Brims.
BRIMSEY BROWN, phr. Irel. An undecided colour.
Ant. It's a brimsy brown, the colour of a mouse's diddy, Bally-
mena Obs. (1892).
BRIMSTONE, sb. Sc. Yks. Lon. Hmp. [bri'mstan.]
1. A match-seller.
Lon. I inquired of some of the present race of match-sellers
what became of the 'old brimstones,' MAYHEW Land. Labour
(1851) I. 431.
2. A word of abuse, used attrib.
Sc. Yon brimstane hussies, WILSON Tales (1836) II. 165. n.Yks.2
Brimstone weean, a female fury. Brimstone fang'd, hot inaction,
as one who fights with her fists and nails. I.W.2 Goo along, you
brimstooun bitch.
BRIMTUD, sb. S. & Ork.1 The sound of waves
dashing on the shore.
[Norw. dial, brimtot, the roar of the waves dashing on
the rocks (AASEN).]
BRIN, sb.1 S. & Ork.1 [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] A brook or rivulet.
[Sw. brunn, a well (WIDEGREN); ON. brunnr.]
BRIN, sb.2 Obsol. Dev. Strong linen.
Dev. (R.P.C.); Yu'd best git zome brin ; tez 'mazing strong stuff,
an' 'tweel bear a rug an' a tug, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (.1892) ; Git a
vew yards ov pulleree-alleree, 'tez za giide as old-fashioned brin,
ib. 125.
BRINDED, ppl. adj.1 Der. Not. Wil. Som. Written
brineded Som. [bri'ndid.] Brindled, streaked, of a
light-brown approaching to dun, red-brown. Cf. branded.
Der.1, Not (J.H.B.) Wil. DAVIS Agric. (1813). Som. W. & J.
G/. (1873); (W.P.W.)
[Thrice the brinded cat hath mew'd, SHAKS. Macb. iv.
i. i.]
BRINDED, ppl. adj.2 Dev. [brrndid.] Angry, frown-
ing, sour-looking. Cf. brindle, v.
Dev. w.Times (Mar. 12, 1886) 6, col. 4. n.Dev. 'S a bibbling,
boostering, brinded chap, ROCK /('TO an' Nell(i66-f) si. 85. Dev.1 Es
maester look'd brinded upon en, 17.
BRINDLE, v. Lan. Hmp. [bri-ndl.]
1. To be irritated, show resentment ; to bridle up. Cf.
brinded, ppl. adj.2
Lan.1 He brindled up as soon as aw spoke to him.
2. In phr. a brindled look. Hmp. (J.R.W.) ; Hmp.1
[A freq. fr. stem brend-, to burn ; cp. MDu. brenaen
(OUDEMANS) ; Du. branden (HEXHAM).]
BRINDLED, ppl. adj. Wm. Lan. Der. Lin. Som.
[bri-ndld.]
1. Coloured in stripes ; of a black colour with lighter
markings ; gen. of cattle.
Wm. T'auld brindled coo wants milkin (B.K.). Lan. (S.W.),
e.Lan.1 s.Lan. BAMFORD Dial. (1854). Der.1, n-Lin.1 w.Som.1
Buurn -did. Applied only to cattle, implying nearly similar markings
on a cow to those on a tabby cat. [MAYER Sptsmn's Directory
(1845) 147.]
2. Of bricks : of blue and red colour, owing to their
being imperfectly burnt. Lan. (S.W.)
BRINDY, sb. Der. Wor. [bri'ndi.] A nickname
given to a person with red hair, or a cow of a red-brown
3 F2
BRINDZEY
[404]
BRING GOING
or dark-red colour. Cf. brinded, ppl. adj.1 Der.1, ne.Wor.
(J.W.P.)
BRINDZEY, adj. Som. [bri-nzi] Of a brown colour,
with an intermixture of other colours, usually black.
Som. A brindzey-coloured short-hair dog, Advt. in Bristol Paper
(1876); (W.F.R.)
[Conn. w. brinded, ppl. adj.1 ; formed on the analogy of
linsey-woolsey.}
BRINE, sb. and v.1 Chs. Lin. Ken. Also written
brian n.Lin.1
1. sb. In phr. blessing the brine. Obs.
Chs.1 On Ascension Day, in days long past, the inhabitants of
Nantwych used to assemble in gala dress round the ' Old Blat '
Salt Pit, and pass the day in dancing, feasting, and merriment.
This was called 'blessing the brine,' LEIGH Ballads, 62.
Hence Briner, sb. an old term for a worker at the salt-
mines.
Chs.1 The briners sometimes goe about to cleanse the pitt, Phil.
Trans. 1, 1669) 1061.
2. Comp. (i) Brine-pit, a salt-spring; (2) -tub, the tub
in which pork is salted.
(i) Chs. The salt spring, or (as they call it) the brine-pit, is near
the river, RAY Ace. of Salt (1691); Chs.1 (a) Paid for a brin
tubb for the poor House, 134., Pluckley Ovtrseers' Ace. (Oct. 31,
1787).
3. v. To dress wheat with brine to prevent the smut. Obs.
u.Lin.1 In 1645 Abel Barker ordered his servant to buy wheat
and have it brined after the Lincolnshire fashion to avoid blasting,
Hist. MSS. Com. V. 384.
[8. 'Tis yearly practiced thus to brine their fields,
PLOT Oxf. (1677) 39.]
BRINE, w.2 Obs. Nrf. Suf. To bring.
Nrf. GROSE (1790). Suf. (K.) ; Brine it hither, RAY (1691) ;
BAILEY (1731).
BRINEDED, see Brinded.
BRING, v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
I. Grammatical forms, in var. dial, and lit. meanings.
1. Pret. Tense: (i) Braa't, (a) Brang, (3) Branged, (4)
Breng, (5) Broft, (6) Brong, (7) Brote, (8) Brout, (9)
Browt, (10) Brung.
(i) w.Som. ELWORTHY Gram. (1877) 45. (a) Sc. Beath boil'd
an' roast auld Bessie brang, NICOL Poems (1805) I. 143 (JAM.) ;
MURRAY Dial. (1873) 203. Abd. I scarce could hide the tear it
brang, THOM Rhymes (1844) lai. Dur.1 Cum. Two brayzent
fellows . . . brang oot a quart in ayder hand, DICKINSON Lamplugh
(1856) 4 ; Cum.1 Wm. & Cum.1 Sea monny fwoke thes upshot
brang, 199. w.Yks. LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) 238. Suf.
Common (F. H. ). (3) ib. (4) w.Yks. Bret), WRIGHT Gram. Wndhll.
(1892) 133. (5) Cor. He broft up a g'eat rule, HICHAM Dial.
(1866) 16. (6) Nhb.1 He brong it aall on hissel. Cum. Ther thy
mudder brong thee furth, RAYSON Sng. Sol. (1859) vul- 5 ! Cum.' ;
Cum.3 Many a frind an' relation an' neighbour Brong hints an'
queer teeals, 43. Lan.1, u.Lan.1 (7) Not (J.H.B.), Suf. (C.G.B.),
Ess.1 (8) Nhb. They . . . brout them oup to men and women,
BEWICK Howdy (1850) n ; Nhb.1 w.Yks. 'Brout' is also much
used, but is not so common as the strong forms, WRIGHT Grant.
Wndhll. (1893) .133 ; w.Yks.1 (9) Nhb. The Lord browt us heam
agean empy, ROBSON Bk. of Ruth (1860) i. ai ; Nhb.1 He browt
his fether win him. Cum. Thoo browt me in, FARRALL Betty
Wilson (1886) 153. Wm. (B.K.), n.Yks.28, w.Yks. (G.B.W.)
Lan. Then they browt him whoam, FOTHERGILL Probation (1879)
xv. Chs.1 Lin. Sa I browt tha down, TENNYSON Owd Rod
(1889) ; Lin.1 She browt me to a stand, 333. Nrf. He browt me
to the faastin'-house, GILLETT Sng. Sol. (1860) ii. 4. (10) IT. In
common use (J.S.). Ant It was her brung it (W.H.P.). Lan.1
Suf. (F.H.) ; (C.G.B.) Sus. Obsol. He brung 'n along (G.A. W.).
2. Pp. : (i) Braa-t, (2) Brang, (3) Brocht, (4) Broft, (5)
Brong, (6) Brongen, (7) Brote, (8) Browcht, (9) Browt,
(10) Browten, (n) Brung.
(i) w.Som. Aa'v-fie braa't dhu plaa'ns ? ELWORTHY Gram. (1877)
51. (a) Sc. When the barley and meal was brang hame, Ballads
(1885) 233. Abd. (G.W.) (3) Sc. I'll get them brocht up some
way, SWAN Gates of Eden (1895) ii. Abd. Nane o' them bed brocht
a Bible, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xviii. (4) Cor. See what
things you have broft hum too, TREGELLAS Tales (1865) 87 ; Cor.1
She was broft home in a cart ; Cor.2 95. (5) Nhb.1 If ye'd oney
brong it seuner. Cum. The king hes brong me intui his chammars,
RAYSON Sng. Sol. (1859) i. 4 ; Cum.1 (6) Nhb.1 (7) Not.1, s.Not.
(J.P.K.) Dor.1 Never ax nar hook Be brote to spwile his stiately
look, 70. (8) Sc. MURRAY Dial. (1873) 200. (9) Nhb. She wis
browt te bed iv a son, ROBSON Bk. of Ruth (1860) iv. 13. e.Dur.1
Wm. Thoo hessant browt a single hopany heeam, Spec. Dial. (1885)
pt. iii. 6. n.Yks. Mun yah day be te judgment browt, CASTILLO
Poems (1878) 47 ; n.Yks.2, e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Varry particular
abaht ma being reyt browt up, CUDWORTH Dial. Sketches (1884)
15. Lan. Hoo's been browt up boi a naunt, KAY-SHUTTLEWORTH
Scarsdale (1860) II. 387. n.Lan. T'king hez browt ma inta his
rowms, PHIZACKERLEY Sng. Sol. £1860) i. 4. (10) Nhb.1 It's a
wonder he hadn't browten his grandfether. e.Yks.1 Lan. Han
yo fowghten ? — Yoi ; un' a browten a bit'n im whoam i' ma pocket !
GASKELL Lectures Dial. (1854) a6 ; What's browten ! BURNETT
Lowrie's (1877) xxiii. (n) Sc. MURRAY Dial. (1873) 303. Ir.
Common(J.S.). Ant.(A.J.I.) Myo.I'llwantherbrungintoWistport
before long, STOKER Snake's Pass (1891) vi. e.Dur.1 w.Yks. I'll
not take 'em; I'll have 'em brung (H.L.); Brun, WRIGHT Gram.
Wndhll. (1892) 133. Lan.1 Hasn't thae brung mi baggin? Nrf.
(A.G.F.),Suf.(F.H. ) Sus. De king has brung me into bis chambers,
LOWER Sng. Sol. (1860) i. 4; Obsol. (G.A.W.)
II. Dial, meanings.
1. In phr. (i) tooring forth, to lead to the grave; (2)
— home, to bury at home ; (3) — in, to convert ; (4)
-ing in, the formal reception of a convert among the
(9) — up, (a) to rear young ; (b) to stop, bring to a stand-
still; (10) — up against, (a) to accuse, charge; (b) to
come in contact with; (n) — and take, fetch and carry;
(12) -m-near, a spy-glass.
(i) w.Yks. Common (G.B.W.) ; w.Yks.2 (a) Ir. The people of
a Roman Catholic priest often want to bring him home, unless the
priest has willed where he is to be buried, Flk-LoreRec. (1881) IV.
lai. (3) u.Cy. TSalvation Army brought in many at their service
(B. K.). n.Lin. Thaay wasn't as setten on bringin' foaks in as thaay
hed been afoor, PEACOCK Tales and Rhymes (1886) 104; n-Lin.1
(4) w.Yks. Nor had she for many a day shown me ought but a
cheerful face ; especially since my bringing-in at chapel, SNOWDEN
Web of Weaver (1896) xvii. (5) Suf. I can't fare to bring him
in nohow (C.G.B.) ; e.An. Dy. Times (1893). (,6) n.Lin. That
theare last cletch 'at graay hen's browt off, PEACOCK Tales and
Rhymes (1886) 106. s-Lin. (T.H.R.) (7) w.Som.1 Aay shl bring
un au-n tu roa-pee, aa'dr u beet [I shall train him to the trade of
a ropemaker, after a while]. (8, a) Wm. Has thy rabbit browt oot
yet? (B.K.) (b) n-Yks.1 ; n,Yks.2 Mensefully through the world,
and at last mensefully brought out (s.v. Menseful). (9, a) n.Lin.1
Oor bitch broht up three pups last time, (b) e.An.1 He brought up
before me. [When a young fellow is once brought up by a pretty
wench, SMOLLETT P. />«:*/<!( 1751) Ixvii.] (10, a) n-Lln.1 1 wod niver
bring up agean an ohd man what he did when he was a lad. (6)
ib. His herse broht up agean George Todd hoose corner an' knock't
a lot o' stoans oot. (ii) Ir. (G.M.H.) ; Common (J.S.). (12) ib.
So he ups with his bring "m near, LOVER Leg. (1848) I. 163. n.Ir.
(A.J.I.)
2. To take.
Ir. Will you bring me with you 1. N. & Q. (1888) 7th S. vi. 325 ;
In common use (J.S.). n.Ir. (A.J.I.)
3. Of the wind : to raise.
Cor. The wind brings the pilme [dust], HUNT Pop. Rom. w.Eng.
(1865) II. 345.
4. To hit, strike, give a blow.
Cum. Brong sniftering Gwordie a cluff, ANDERSON Clay Daubin'
(1808) st. 14 ; Than Billy . . . Brang him a gud whelt o' the lug,
GILPIN Ballads (1874) 330 ; Occas. used, but ' fetch ' is the more
common term (J.A.).
BRING GOING, phr. Dor. Som. Dev.
L To accompany some distance on a journey ; to conduct,
point out the way. Cf. agatewards.
Dor. Well I sholl goo and bring ye gwain, YOUNG Rabin Hill
(1867; pt. ii. 9 ; You brought us gwain o' Zundays, BARNES Poems
1,1879) 18. Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1835) ; W. & J.
Gl. (1873); SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885). w.Som.1 Wee ul
bring ee gwai-n su vaa'rz dhu vaawur krau -s wai. Dev.8 I'll bring
'e gwaine part the way 'ome, or mayhap yu'll be pixie-led !
2. To get rid of. Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
3. To spend recklessly, profusely.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825).
w.Som.1 Dhu yuung Mae-ustur Luuk-ees-v u-braa't gwai'n au-l-v
BRINK
[405]
BRISTOW
u-gau-t [young Mr. Lucas has spent all he has]. Dev.1 ; Dev.8
I've brought going a sight o' cash, and there's nort til show vor"t.
4. To kill or pass the time.
Dev.3 Us can du a bit ov work tu bring-gwaine the time.
nw.Dev. You might take a hook and trim out the hedges, or bring
going your time in more ways than one (R.P.C.).
BRINK, sb.1 Dur. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Hrf. Cmb.
e.An. [brink.]
1. The edge of a hill ; the bank by the side of a river.
Cmb.1 Two parades by the side of the Great River at Wisbech are
called the North and South Brinks. [KENNETT Par. Antiq. (1695).]
Hence (i) Brinkers, sb.pl, the riparian owners on the
rivers Wye and Lug ; (2) -side, sb. the river-bank ; (3)
•ware, sb. small faggots, gen. made of whitethorn, used to
repair the banks of rivers.
(i) Hrf. N. &> Q. (1879) sth S. xi. 045. (a) e-Dur.1 It's i' the
brinkside. (3) e.An.1, Nrf.1
2. The brim of a hat. Gen. used in pi.
s.Not. (J.P.K.), s.Lin. (T.H.R.) sw.Lin.1 The hat looked very
niced with its stiff brinks. Lei1 Nhp. Hat of rusty brown,
Stranger to brinks and often to a crown, CLARE Poems (1821) II.
68. War.3
Hence Blinked, ppl. adj. having a brim.
Lin. He had on a narrow-brinked hat (R.E.C.).
BRINK, sb? Cor.12 [brink.] The gill of a fish.
[Cp. Bret, brenk (Du RUSQUEC) ; Fr. branchies, the gills
of a fish ; Gr. fipdyx'a-]
BRINKIE, sb. Bnff.1 Also in form brinkum. A
comely person of a lively disposition.
BRINKUM, see Brinkie.
BRIN(N, sb. Obs. ? Sc. A ray, beam, flash.
n.Sc. (JAM.) Abd. An" blink wi skyrin' brinns, FORBES Ajax
(1742) 10.
[Cp. OE. bryne, burning, heat.]
BRINY, adj. Cor. Of the sea: luminous, phospho-
rescent. Cor.1 See Briming.
Hence Briny, sb. (?) the phosphorescent sparkling of
the sea at night. Cor.2
BRIS, sb. S. & Ork.1 A break, rent, crack, rupture.
BRISED, see Brizzed.
BRISK, sb. I.W.12 [brij.] A brush.
[OFr. broisse, a brush (HATZFELD, s.v. Brosse).]
BRISK, v. and adv. Sus. Hmp. I.W. [brij.]
1. v. To move quickly, swiftly. Cf. brush.
Sus. De storm, however, blow'd away, An we brish'd on quite
well, LOWER Jan Cladpole (1872) 1. 47 ; (F.E.)
2. With over : to jump nimbly over anything.
I.W.1 Come, brishauver the gheeat ; I.W.2
3. adv. Quickly, nimbly.
Sus. Swish and brish he bowl'd away home, JACKSON Southward
Ho (1894) I. 339.
Hence Brish-athert, adv. straight across. Hmp., I.W.
(H.C.fi.B.)
BRISH, see Brush.
BRISK, sb. Gmg. [brssk.] The side of a hill or
mountain under cultivation ; the foot of a hill. (W.M.M.)
BRISKEN, v. Sc. Yks. [bri'skan.] With up: to
refresh, to become more lively, animated.
Sc. It will brisken you up, STEVENSON Ballantrae (1889) 225.
n.Yks. (I.W.) e-Yks.1 JUS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks.1
Hence Briskened, pp. revived, enlivened. n.Yks.2
[Brisk (fresh) + -en, as in freshen.}
BRISKET, sb. Sc. Yks. In form bisket Sc. QAM.) ;
brusket w.Yks.2 [bri'skit] The breast ; stomach.
Sc. Down through the fair wi' kilted coats, White legs and
briskets bare, MORISON Poems (1790) 15 (JAM.). Slk. O'er
muckle marth i' the back, an' meldar i' the brusket, HOGG Perils
of Man (1822) 1. 55 (i'A.). Rxb. Upon his brisket She saw a Heelan'
dirk or star, RIDDELL Poet. Wks. (1871) II. 132. w.Yks.2 To be
' fast in t'brusket ' is said of a person who has eaten some in-
digestible food.
[A brusket, pectusculutn, Cath. Angl. (1483). Cp. Fr.
brechet; OFr. brichet, bracket (HATZFELD).]
BRISKIE.sA. Kcb. [bri'ski.] The chaffinch, Fringilla
coelebs. Also called Brisk Finch.
Kcb. [So called] from its smart, lively activity, SWAINSON Birds
(1885) 63.
BRISMAC, sb. n.Sc. Also written brismak. The
young tusk fish, Brosmius vulgaris.
Sh.I. The torsk, often called the tusk and brismac, is the most
valued of all the cod kind, Ess. High!. Soc. III. 15 (JAM.).
S. & Ork.1 [SATCHELL (1879).]
[Norw. dial, brosma, also brestna (AASEN).]
BRISS, sb.1 Irel. Also written brishe. [bris, brij.]
A smash ; broken pieces, little bits.
Wxf. She let go the saucer, . . . and down it came, . . . and was
made brishe of in a minute, KENNEDY Banks Boro (1867) ai6 ; It's
wonderful the way the heart can be made brishe ov, Shamrock
Mag. (1894)444; ' Briss' is more refined than 'brish' (P. J.M.).
[Ir. brise, a fracture, fr. brisim, I break (O'REILLY).]
BRISS, sb* Som. Dev. Also in form brist Dev.1
[bris.]
1. Dust, fluff, esp. that which accumulates behind
furniture, &c.
w.Som.1 Clean up all this briss behind the picture. Dev.
Thicker baint briss, it's a seat o' reek, MADOX-BROWN Dwale
Bluth (1876) bk. i. iv. n.Dev. Yer's a brave briss an' herridge !
ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. rai. nw.Dev.1
2. Dust mixed with small pieces of furze, faggot- wood,
&c. ; small twigs used for lighting fires.
Dev. ' I've got some briss in my eye, ' means not a particle of dust,
but a small bit of furze, Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 423 ; Dev.1 Maester
was staunding by the tallut whan the cob-wall sluer'd away all to
wance and a come heal'd in brist and grute, 4. s.Dev. Fox
Kingsbridge (1874).
3. In phr. Briss and buttons, fluffy cobweb dust from old
sheds, &c. ; sheep's droppings.
Dev. w.Times (Mar. 12, 1886) 6, col. 4; Dev.1 n.Dev. Thy
Pancrock a kivered wi' Briss and Buttons, Exm. Scold. (1746)
1. 156.
BRISS, see Brize.
BRISSEL-COCK, sb. Obs. Sc. The turkey-cock.
Sc. Plover, duck, drake, brissel-cock, Lindsay of Pitscottie (1728)
146 QAM.).
BRISSETT, sb. Obsol. Lakel. A wooden frame
used in brewing. Cf. brig.
Lakel. ELLWOOD (1895).
BRISSLE, see Bristle.
BRIST, v. Wm. Yks. [brist.] To burst, break. Ct.
brust, burst.
Wm. (K.) ; Thoo'l brist thisel if thoo gangs at that bat (B.K.) ;
Wm.1, n.Yks.3
[All be filthes ... sal brist vte, Cursor M. (c. 1300)
22395. A n- f°rm of OE. berstan, to burst.]
BRISTLE, v.1 and sb. Yks. Chs. Lin. Nhp. Glo. Brks.
Written brissle n.Yks.1 [brrsl.]
1. v . To be lively ; to set to work.
Nhp.1 Glo. We'll bristle into this an finish it to-night (S.S.B.).
Brks. Come, bristle up (M.J.B.).
2. Of a breeze : to freshen.
s.Chs.1 The wind's bristlin' up a bit.
Hence Bristling, ppl. adj. Of the wind : brisk, blowing
freshly.
n-Yks.1 A canny brissling wind : 'I'll soon dry t'land. n-Un.1
Ther's a bristling breeze to-daay maaster.
3. sb. A sharp fellow. Brks. (M.J.B.)
BRISTLE, v? Sc. QAM.) Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan.
Also in form brazzle Cum.1 ; brissle QAM.) N.I.1 N.Cy.1;
brizzle Nhb.1 n.Yks.2 m.Yks.1 To crackle in cooking or
burning; to dry, scorch, burn. Cf. birsle, brazzle, brustle.
N.I.1 Don't be brissling your shins over the fire. N.Cy.1 Nhb.1
The carlins will then parch, crack, and, as we provincially call it,
bristle, Gent. Mag. (1788) 189. Cum.1, n.Yks.2, m.Yks.1, ne.Lau.1
BRISTLE, see Brazzle.
BRISTLE-BAT, sb. Obs. Sus. A stone to sharpen
a scythe with. See Bat, sb.1 1. 7.
Sus. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863) ; (E.E.S.)
BRISTOL WEED, phr. Obs.1 Som. The Mercurialis
perennis.
Som. Trans. Medico-Botan. Soc. (1832-33) 95.
BRISTOW, sb. Obs. ? Sc. A white crystal.
Sc. The brooch of Rob Roy's wife . . . appears to be of silver,
studded with what was once the vogue, bristow, Edb. Ev. Cour.
(Oct. 22, 1818) (JAM.).
BRIT
[406]
BRITTLE
[Bristow-stones, a kind of soft diamonds found about
the rock near Bristol, being lodged in a hollow sort of
flint, PHILLIPS (1706).]
BRIT, v.1 and s*.1 Som. Dev. j>rit]
L v. To indent, make an impression.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; These here cans be a-britted a'al
auver (F.A.A.) ; JENNINGS Obs. Dial. ai.Eng. (1825). Dev. Thee'st
abritted thease bestest taypot, yii gert shacklebrained twoad !
HF.WETT Peas. Sp. (1892); My hat was ' britted in,' Memoir
J. Russell (1883) xiv ; Dev.1 A swinging great apple, so mealy thee
may'st brit en, 38. n.Dev. Britting o' thick an' crazing thack,
ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 7. nw.Dev.1
2. sb. An indentation.
n.Dev. ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) Gl. nw.Dev.1
BRIT, s*.2 Dev. Cor. [brit.] A small fish about the
size of a sprat, which heralds the approach of a shoal of
herrings.
Dev. When the rock-fowl dropped from their granite homes To
prey on the brit below, CAPERN Ballads (1858) 131 ; (R.P.C.)
Cor.1*
BRIT, v? Glo. Ken. Sus. Hmp. I.W. Wil. Also
written bret Ken.1 I.W.'2; brite Sus.; britt Sus.12
[brit.]
1. Of overripe corn or hops, &c. : to shatter, fall out of
the husk, fall.
s.Cy. RAY (1691). Glo.ia, Ken.1 2, Sns. (K.), Sus.12, Hmp.1,
I.W.12 Wil. The corn be all so dry 'twill half of it brit out afore
it can be got in (W.C. P.). n.Wil. Thur's a main vew o' them beans
britted out (E.H.G.). Wil.1 [LISLE Husbandry (1757).]
Hence (i) Britted, ppl. adj. of corn : shed, dropped ; (2)
Brittings, vbl. sb. shed or dropped seed.
(i) WiL DAVIS Agric. (1813). [LISLE Husbandry (1757).] (a)
ib. 284.
2. To rub grain out in the hand. Wil.1 See Brittle, t/.1 6.
[OE. bryttian, to divide into fragments.]
BRIT, v? n.Cy. Wm. Shr. [brit.] To divulge, spread
abroad.
N.Cy.2 Wm.1 What's tha britten aboot ? thou's tellin all tha
knas. Shr. (K.) ; To bruit, apud Salopienses ' to brit,' divulgare,
HICKES Instil. Gram. A. -Sax. Vi68g) Introd.
[I find thou art no less than fame hath bruited, SHAKS.
i Hen. VI, n. iii. 68. From ME. bruit, noise, rumour.
OFr. bruit.]
BRIT, v.* Cum. Wm. [brit.] To break or bruise.
Cum., Wm. FERGUSON Northmen (1856) 206.
[Norw. dial, bryta and brjota, to break (AASEN) ; ON.
brjota.}
BRITCH, sb.1 Yks. [britf.] A hard, fungous growth
on ash trees. n.Yks. (I.W.)
BRITCH, sb.2 and v.1 Yks. Shr. Written breech- Shr.1
[britj, brlt/.] See Breech.
1. 56. Wool from the hind legs of sheep ; the coarsest
wool. w.Yks. (J.C.) ; (J.M.)
Hence (i) Breechen, sb., (2) Breeching-wool, 56. the
coarse foul wool attached to the fleece of each sheep.
(i) Shr. Their fleeces may weigh 2^ Ibs., of which half a pound
will be the breechen, MARSHALL Review (1818) II. 256. (2) Shr.1
That brichin-661 mun be weshed an' sprad i' the sun.
2. v. To cut the wool from about the roots of sheep's
tails before shearing-time.
Shr.1 Obsol. "E's gwun to brich them ship.
BRITCH, v? S. & Ork.1 To cut into short pieces.
Hence Britched, pp. of fish : scored deeply with a knife
to facilitate the process of boiling.
[Cp. ON. btytj'a, to chop in pieces.]
BRITCHA, see Britchel.
BRITCHEL, adj. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Shr. Also in
form breechy Chs.18; bricco Chs.2; bricha nw.Der.1;
bricko Chs.3 ; britcha s.Chs.1 ; britcher Chs. ; britchy
Chs.8 Shr.1 [bri-tJL] Brittle, easy to break. See Brickie.
Cf. also brackle, brockle, bruckle.
w.Yks. (D.L.) Lan. (J. L.) ; Aw sed britchil thyngs loike thoose,
'ul want meterly wele tentin, ORMEROD Felleyfro Rachde (1851) ii ;
Lan.1, e-Lan.1 Chs. Sheaf (1879) I. 141 ; RAY (1691) ; Chs.1"
s.Chs.1 Dhaat- mae'r)z got'n u brich -u f<5o't [that mare's gotten a
britcha foot]. nw-Der.1 This wood's very bricha. Shr.1 The
straw's that britchy yo canna "ardly tie it up into boutins.
BRITCHEN, vbl. sb. s.Pem. The barking of trees
before they are cut. (W.M.M.)
BRITCHIN, see Breechin.
BRITCHY, see Britchel.
BRITH, sb. Wil. [brij>.] Young plants of which
thorn hedges are made, ' quick.'
Wil. In common use, N. &> Q. (1890", 7th S. x. 109.
BRITHER, sb. and v. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Also Som. Dev. Cor. Also in form breder S. & Ork.1 ;
breeder Sc. ; breether Bnff.1 ; brether Cor.2 ; bridder
S. & Ork.1; bridther Wm.; briether Lan. [briSaCr),
brrtSar.] See Brether.
1. sb. Brother.
Sc. (JAM.) S. & Ork.1 Bnff.1 5. Abd. He wud block's breeder
ony day, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) x. Ayr. Tarn lo'ed him
like a vera brither, BURNS Tarn o' Shanter (1790) st. 5. Nhb. An'
mony a brither fisher's gane, Coquetdale Sngs. (1852) 59. Cum.
But his brither's rychte han' rase high in wrathe, GILPIN Sngs.
(1866) 440. Wm. A saa yan a the bridthers nit sa lang sen, Spec.
Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 25. m.Yks.1 Lan. GROSE (1790) MS. add.
(C.) w.Som.1 The invariable form; 'bruudh'ur' is unknown. Dev.
He went on talking to me more like me brither than me maiester,
BURNETT Stable Boy (1888) xxvii. n.Dev. An' leetle Will . . . Grows
up jist like his brither, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 128. e.Dev.
My awn brithers an' sisters was out wi" me, PULMAN Sng. Sol.
(1860) i. 5. Cor.2 95.
2. v. To match, find an equal to.
Bnff. Breethir that, gehn [if] ye can (W.G.). Lnk, (JAM.)
3. To initiate one into a society or corporation. Also in
phr. to brither down, to accompany in being swallowed.
Ayr. Thick nevel't scones, beer-meal, or pease, To brither down
a shave o' cheese, PICKEN Poems (1788) 63 (JAM.) ; The initiation
of an apprentice to his trade usually takes the form of a practical
joke. After it the apprentice is said to be ' brithered ' (J.F.).
BRITHIL, sb. Cor. Written brithyll Cor.1 ; breithal,
brythall Cor.2
1. The trout, Salmo trutta. Cor.12
2. The mackerel, Scomber scombrus. Cor.2 Cf. breal.
[1. Wei. brithyll, a trout. 2. OCor. brithel, brethil, a
mackerel (WILLIAMS) ; cp. Bret, brezel, 'maquereau' (Du
RUSQUEC).]
BRITON, sb. Cor. [bri'tan.] The sea-pink or thrift.
w.Cor. Where hollensmoks and fragrant tags And britons, were
in blowth, THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) 15. Cor.8 Fairly freq.
BRITRACK, sb. S. & Ork.1 Salt.
BRITT, sb. Obs. s.Pem. Leaf-mould; dark, rich
soil. (W.M.M.)
BRITTEN, v.1 n.Cy. Wm. [brrton.]
1. To break, divide into fragments.
n.Cy. (K.); KENNETT Par. Antiq. (1695); N.Cy.2 To britten
beef [to break the bonesof it]. [Trans. Phil. Soc. (1858) 150.]
2. To chastise, beat.
Wm. Ah'll britt'n thee thi jacket, thoo gurt slenk (B.K.).
Hence Brittening, vbl. sb. a severe thrashing.
Ib. T'maister's geen me seek a britt'ning as Ah'st net fergit, ib.
[1. God it wit-schild pat bpu britten sua mi child,
Cursor M. (c. 1300) 8720. OE. brytnian, to divide, dis-
tribute.]
BRITTEN, v.2 Obs. Ken. Also written brutten.
To bridle or pull back the head with an air of pride or
disdain. (K.)
BRITTLE, adj. and v.1 Sc. Lan. Glo. Lon. Ken. Wil.
Dor. Som. Ainer. [bri'tl.]
1. adj. Fig. Shaky, on the verge of insolvency.
Ayr. Broken merchants, ravelled manufacturers, and brittle
bankers, GALT Lairds (1826) xxxv ; Occas. used (J.F.).
2. Of the temper : snappy, irritable, ' chippy.' Som.
(W.P.W.)
3. Of the air : crisp. Of weather : variable.
s.Lan. Weather's varra brittle (H. M. ). Glo.1 A brittle air. s.Wil.,
w.Dor. (C.V.G.) [U.S.A., Penn. N. & Q. (1870) 4th S. vi. 249.]
4. Difficult, ' kittle.' Used in curling.
Sc. I promise that I will take all wicks and brittle shots, KERR
Hist. Curling (1890) 366 ; (G.W.)
5. v. To render friable ; to crumble, break away.
Sc. The clay brought to top (which will be brittled by the winter
frosts), MAXWELL Sel. Trans. (1743) 109 (JAM.). Lon. Without
BRITTLE
[407]
BROAD
either that ['mac'] or sand, the lime would 'brittle' away, MAYHEW
Land. Labour 11851) II. 199.
6. To knock or rub grain out in the hand ; to shatter,
drop out of the husk. See Brit, v."
Ken. LEWIS 7. Tenet (1736) 51. n.Wil. Grain when dry ' brittlcs
out.' You may brittle it out by rubbing or shaking it (E.H.G.).
Wil.1
BRITTLE,!;.2 Som. [bri'tl.]
1. To frown.
Som. He brittled his brows (G.A.W.).
2. To examine closely.
Som. SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885).
[A pron. of bittle, beetle, to scowl, to look with beetle
brows. From ME. bitel in bitel-browed (P. Plowman (B.)
v. 190).]
BRITTLE-BRATTLE, sb. Sc. Hurried motion,
causing a clattering noise.
Per. Not common (G.W.). Lnk. (JAM.)
BRITTNER, sb. Wm. Yks. [bri'tnar.] A term of
commendation for a clever, active, or useful man or boy.
Wm. In common use (B.K.). n.Yks. He'll deea't like a Britner
(I.W.). e.Yks. Set thy shoodher tiv it, an push like a brittner
(R.S.) ; e-Yks.1 Bob's a reg'lar Brittner at wahk, MS. add. (T.H.)
[Perh. for Britoner, a Briton, a native of Britain.
Briton + -er.]
BRIVIT, sb. Glo.12 The privet, Ligustrum vulgare.
BRIVIT, see Brevit.
BRIZ, BRIZZ, see Breeze.
BRIZE, v. and sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Also Hmp. Wil.
Som. Also written brise Wil. Som. ; briss Sc. Nhb.1 ;
briz n.Yks.3 ; brizz Sc. Nhb.1 [braiz, briz.]
1. v. To bruise, crush, squeeze ; to press heavily, bear
a weight on. Also fig. Cf. birse, breeze, bruz(z.
Sc. Dusky gloamin' Fast brizzin down the eyelids o' the day,
A. SCOTT Poems (1808) in. Flf. Josiah . . . brized lewd priests
for owre ensample, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 76. Lnk. Briss thy
bonny breasts and lips to mine, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725) 73, ed.
1783. Slk. It wasna broken, but only dislockit and brizzed, HOGG
Tales ( 1838) 8, ed. 1866. Edb. I brizzed the flats of my hands against
the opening of my ears, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) xiv. Nhb.1,
n.Yks.3, Hmp.1 Wil. If one wants an over-full box to shut, the
direction is to 'brise' upon it, A'. 6° Q. vi87o)4th S. vi. 195 ; SLOW
Gl. (1892); Wll.'A loaded waggon ' brizes down' the road. Som.
SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873).
Hence Brizzed,/^/. adj. bruised, crushed.
Sc. Mony a chiell has heard me squeal For sair brizz'd back and
banes, SCOTT Minstrelsy (1802 516, ed. 1839.
2. sb. Force, pressure.
Sc. Oh ! would'st thou bide the briss o' time, A. SCOTT Poems
(1808) 14.
[He wile smite mid bredlinge swuerde and brisen,
Horn. Trin. MS. (c. 1250), ed. Morris, 61. OE. brysan, to
bruise.}
BRIZ(Z, see Brize.
BRIZZED,//. w.Yks^Der^nw.Der.1 Written brised
w.Yks.2 [brizd.] Used of cattle or other animals whose
growth has been stopped for want of proper nourishment.
BRIZZING, prp. Chs.1 [bri'zin.] Used of cattle
when they gallop about in very hot weather. See
Breeze, sb*
[Aller a S. Beset, to trot, gad, run or wander up and
down, like one that hath a bnzze in his tail, COTGR. (s.v.
Beset).}
BRIZZLE, see Bristle.
BRO, sb.1 Hnt. Cmb. A small bridge with a hand-
rail, crossing a stream.
Hnt. MILLER & SKERTCHLY Finland (1878) iii. Cmb. (W.W.S.) ;
N. V Q. (1880) 6th S. i. 344.
[Norw. dial, bru and bro, a footbridge over a stream or
valley (AASEN); so Sw. dial. (RiETz). Dan. bro, a bridge;
ON. bnt.}
BRO, sb.2 S. & Ork.1 A frothy white substance found
on mossy ground which sickens animals that eat it.
[Fr. dial. (Norm.) broe, ' ecume, salive ecumeuse ;
mousse qui se forme a la surface d'un liquide agite ; 1'on
dit aussi broue' (Moisv); (Manche) broe, 'ecume'
(DUMERIL).]
BRO, see Browl.
BROACH, sb.1 and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
Also written broche Sc. n.Yks.1 ; brooch Yks. ; broitch
w.Yks. e.Lan.1; broich w.Yks.3; broych w.Yks.4; brooach
e.Yks. ; brutch Sc. ; brauch, brotch e.An.1 [brotf, broatf,
broitj.j
1. sb. The steeple or spire of a church ; esp. one springing
direct from the tower without any intermediate parapet.
n.Cy. (K.); GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.1 Chester broach. Nhb.1 Dnr.
Chester-le-Street has a bonny, bonny church, With a broach upon
the steeple, Denham Tracts (ed. 1892) 77. Yks. The three famous
spires on the top of the tower in Rippon-minster (K.). n.Yks. ' ;
n.Yks.2 As kenspeck as a cock on church broach. ne.Yks.1
e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. ( 1 788) ; e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks.
WATSON Hist. Hlfx. (1775) 534 ; w.Yks.3 n-Lin.1 Mr. Stoanehoose
pot a broach upo' Butterweek steaple.
2. A rod of pliant wood bent in the middle and sharp-
ened at either end, used by thatchers to pierce and fix
their work, or for holding ropes on ricks.
e.An.1 A fell of such wood is divided into hurdle-wood and
broach-wood ; the stouter and the slenderer. Nrf.1 Suf. RAINBIRD
Agric. (1819) 289, ed. 1849. Ess. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 423 ; MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863) ;
THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) Gl. ; Cor.3
3. The spindle or reel upon which newly-spun yarn is
wound ; the yarn so wound.
Sc. Auld Luckydaddy winds at brutches, BEATTIES Parings
(1801) 31. N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 The system in spinning was to put a
nucleus of paper on the spindle on to which the yarn was wound
as it was spun, until the spindle would not hold any more. It
was then removed and a new broach commenced. Dur.1,
Cum.1 Yks. (K.) ; THORESBY Lett. (,1703). n.Yks.13 w.Yks.
(W.T.) ; w.Yks.1 ; w.Yks.3 It is ' thrown ' [turned] like a lead-
pencil, tapering to one end, thicker at the other, but pointed at
both ; w.Yks.4, Der.1, n.Lin.1 Shr.1 Obs. If yo' bin gweln to wind
that yorn, mind an' nod scrobble the nose o' the broach, or yo'n
'ave it in a soor mess.
4. The steel tooth of a comb used by hand-wool combers.
Yks. (S.P.U.), e.Lan.1, w.Som.1
5. Any large and clumsy tool.
Cor.3 A shovel, a button, or a needle which may be too large for
a required purpose is described as a ' broach.'
6. A tool with which a hole is enlarged. w.Yks. (R.H.H.);
(B.K.)
7. A narrow, pointed, iron instrument in the form ot
a chisel, used by masons in hewing stones. Sc. QAM.)
Hence Broached, ppl. adj. Of stones : hewed, dressed.
Nhb.1
8. A butcher's prick. N.Cy.2
9. v. To dress stones in a rough manner with a mason's
pick, by indenting the surface.
Sc. (JAM.) Nhb.1 Yks. THORESBY Lett. (1703). w.Yks.
(T.K.H.); w.Yks.1
10. Of a bull: to gore.
n.Dev. George . . . Was broached by Gommer's bull, ROCK Jim
an' Nell (1867) st. 108.
11. To break a hole through the stopping in a pit. Nhb.1
[1. With as high Innumerous broches, TOOKE Bel. 12
(NARES). 2. Broche for a thacstare,Jirjnaculum, Prompt.
3. A broche for garn, fusillus, Cath. Angl. (1483). 6. Fr.
broche, ' instrument avec lequel le cordonnier pratique des
trous dans les pieces' (HATZFELD).]
BROACH, sb* Obs. ? Sc. A flagon or tankard.
Kcb. The herd-boy o'er his shoulder flings his plaid, His broach
and luggy dangling by his side, DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 59.
BROACHER, sb. Shr. Cor.
1. A very large sharp-pointed knife. Shr.1
2. Anything very large or clumsy.
Shr.1 Cor.3 A gait [great] broacher.
BROAD, adj. and adv. Var. dial, usages in Sc. and
Eng. Also written broard Sur. ; braid Sc. ; breead
Cum. Wm.1 n.Yks.2 e.Yks. ; bread Wil.1 ; braad Cum.
s.Wm.; brade e.Yks.1
1. adj. Of distance : with prep, of: widely apart from, at
a distance from.
Brks. (M.J.B.) Wil. Their home was 'broad ' of Hurst— that
is, in the Hurst district, but at some little distance, JEFFERFES ,
Hdgrow. (1889) 188.
BROAD
[408]
BROB
2. Of time : large in amount.
Sur. A chap goes out a-artistin', 'ee say, an' 'ee only speands
the broard daay mouchin'. BICKLEY Sur. Hills (1890) I. xiii.
3. Of pronunciation : of a strongly marked dialectal
peculiarity.
Ayr. In plain braid Scots, BURNS Brigs of Ayr (1787) ; Tell me,
will you, in guid braid Scots, SERVICE Notandums (1890) a. Cum.
Oor oan breead Cumberlan mak o' toak, SARGISSON Joe Scoop
(1881) 6.
4. Of salt : coarse, the kind used for manure.
w.Som.1 Broa-ud, brau-ud. At Taunton is a large sign-board on
which is painted, ' Rock, Broad, and Fine Salt'
5. In phr. as broad as it's long, the same one way as the
other ; in gen. colloq. use.
e.Yks.1 niln.1 Well, if he hes call'd you, you've called him an'
all ; fer all I sea, it's as broad as it's long.
0. adv. Plainly, without reserve.
Sc. He can now look others broad in the face, SCOTT Nigel
(i8aa) xxxiv. Per. Look me broad in the face (G.W.).
7. In phr. to talk broad, to speak in dialect, or with un-
refined speech.
Stf.2 Oxf.1 Before 'er went to live at Oxford 'er talked broad,
but now 'er talks fine.
Hence Broad-spoken, ppl. adj. accustomed to speak
with a provincial accent ; outspoken.
Win.1 He's a breead-spokken chap.
8. Comb, (i) Broad-best, best suit of clothes; (2) -bill,
the shoveller, Spatula cfypeata; (3) -board, the earth-board
of a plough ; (4) -clover, the plant Trifolium pratense ; (5)
•fig, a Turkey fig ; (6) -grass, the common red clover ;
(7) -kelk, the plant Heracleum sphondylium ; (8) -kessen,
spaciously planned out ; (9) -leaf, (a) Plantago major ;
(b) a kind of apple ; (10) -leaved Elm, Tilia parviflora ;
(u) -piece, obs., a coin ; (12) -ratched, broad-striped ;
(13) -scar, a broad stone ; (14) -set, short and bulky ; (15)
-ways, according to the breadth with the side foremost ;
also Jig. ; (16) -weed, (a) the plant Heracleum sphondylium ;
(b) the field scabious, Scabiosa arvensis; (17) -word, a
boastful remark.
(i) e.An.1 (a) Lin. MILLER & SKERTCHLY Fenland (1878) xii.
[SWAINSON Birds (1885) 158.] (3) Oxf. (J.E.), Wil.1 (4) I.W.
(5) Dev. Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 432. nw.Dev.1, Cor.1 (6) Dor.
w.Gae. (Feb. 15, 1889) 6. (7) n.Yks. (8) n.Yks.2 (9) Chs.1
(10) Ess. (n) s.Wm. I'll bet ta a braad piece, HUTTON Dial.
Storth andArnside (1760) 1. 27. (12) Yks. Meary would get donned
oot in her bonny breead-ratched gown, FETHERSTON T. Goor-
krodger (1870) 2. n.Yks. Her bread-ratch'd feeace, and twa white
hinder legs, BROWNE Poems (1800) 158. (13) Cum. LINTON Lake
Cy. (1864) 298. (14) n.Yks.2 e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks.1,
eXan.1, nw-Der.1, n.Lin.1, Nhp.1, Hnt. (T.P.F.) (15) n.Yks.2
e.Yks.1 Put it bradeways on, MS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks. A blunder-
ing person goes bradeways, a persevering person is at it endways
(B.K.I. (16, a) OOT. w.Gae. (Feb. 15, 1889) 6. (6) n.Dev. (17)
n.Yks.2 Monny a breead word comes off a weak stomach. e.Yks.
Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Dec. 12, 1891).
BROAD, sb. e.An. An extensive piece of water
formed by the broadening out of a river. Gen. in pi.
e-An.1 Nrf. GROSE (1790! ; Them land-owners hev' been pullin'
the string closin' up the Broads for shootin' an' fishin', PATTERSON
Broads (1895) 62. e.Nrf. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1787) ; The
Broads are some of them considerably deeper than the rivers,
WOODWARD Geol. Eng. and Wales (1876) 406. Nrf.1
Hence Broadman, sb. a wherryman on the Broads.
Nrf. Eve is naught but an eelman's daughter, and never will be
more, unless it is a broadman's wife, DALE Noah's Ark (1890) v.
BROAD-BAND, sb. and adv. Sc. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Also written braid- Sc. N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 n.Yks.1 ne.Yks.1;
breead- Wm.1 ; breyad- ne.Lan.1 ; braad- w.Yks.1
1. sb. Corn spread out in the fields upon the band to
dry. Gen. used in phr. to lie [lay] in broad-band ; also fig.
to be ready, finally worked off.
e.Lth. Takin doun the stocks atween the shoo'rs, an' layin them
in braid-band, HUNTER/. Inurick (1895) 10. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 n.Yks.1
As corn is usually cut with the scythe, the severed portion, or
swathe, falls against the uncut corn, and is taken up thence by the
raker, who follows the mower, and laid over on the band ready
for the binder. Occas. , however, it is cut the other way, or from
the corn, and falls over in a regular band or swathe ; and when a
field or part of a field is cut thus, it is said to ' lie in braid-band.'
ne.Yks.1, w.Yks.1, ne-Lan.1
2. In phr. to be in broad-band. Of a house: to be in
disorder and confusion. w.Yks.1
3. adv. Of corn : spread out as wide as the length of
the band upon which it is laid.
Wm.1 To fay corn out to dry breead-band.
4. In phr. to fall broad-band, to submit to dalliance
without opposition. (JAM.)
BROAD-CAST, pp. and sbt Sc. Dun Yks. Der. Lin.
Nhp. Hrf. Brks. Hnt. Ken. Also in form brade-kest
Dur.1; braid- Sc.; breead-kessen n.Yks.2; broadkeasted
Ken.
1. pp. Of seed : scattered abroad over the whole
surface ; also as adv. in phr. to sow broadcast.
Sc. QAM.), Dur.1, n.Yks.2, w.Yks.1, nw-Der.1, n-Lin.1, Nhp.1
Hrf. Pulse are sown broad-cast, MARSHALL Review (1818) II. 282.
Hnt. (T.P.F.) Ken. Dat fil's bin brOadkeSsted (P.M.).
2. sb. The act of sowing seed as above. Brks.1
BROAD-HOOK, sb. Hrf. Written brod-uck. A reap-
ing-hook.
Hrf. I see th' bwoy ut th' Gaffer's opples ooth th' brod-uck
(Coll. L.L.B.) ; (R.M.E.)
BROADLAND. sb. Obs. Mid. A large, even piece 01
ground.
Mid. They plow two, three, or four of these size-lands into one
broadland, ELLIS Mod. Husb. (1750) I. i.
BROADS, sb. pi. Yks. Slang. Playing-cards. See
Book, sb. 6.
w.Yks.2 Come, bring t'broads, an let's have a game. Slang.
Splodger, will you have a ... touch of the broads with me »
MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) I. 418. Cant Ecarte, whist, I never
missed, And nick the broads while ruffling, AINSWORTH Rookwood
(1834) bk. iv. ii.
Hence Broadsman, sb. a card-sharper.
Slang. Toy-getters, . . . magsmen, . . . broadsmen, . . . and
skittle-sharps, READE Autob. Thief m Macmillans Mag. (1879) 502 ;
HORSLEY Jottings (1887) i.
BROADSHARE, sb. and v. Lin. Kent.
1. sb. A point which is fitted into the 'buck' (q.v.) ot
a plough in the place of the ordinary share.
nXin.1 Ken. Used for surface cultivation, cutting up the weeds,
and spuddling (q.v.) (P.M.).
2. v. To plough shallow and wide with a ' broadshare,'
without turning over.
Ken. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863); The more enterprising
farmer now broadshares his stubbles, FURLEY Weald (1874) II.
656; (P.M.)
BROADSIDE, sb. Sc. Som.
1. The board by which a plough turns over the sod to
form the furrow.
w.Som.1 Broa-ud zuyd. Now that a peculiarly bent iron plate
has superseded it, ' turnvore ' is the word most used.
2. In phr. at a broadside, suddenly ; unawares.
Per. Still used. He took me at a broadside [took advantage of
me] (G.W.). Drab. Though I had planned a nice bit snug meetin'
wi' Jean Brown, I left a' at the braidside to speer after Miss
Migumerie, CROSS Disruption (1844) xv.
BROAD-WORK, sb. Suf. Work in the fields. See
Abroad.
Snf. I couldn't get clothes nohow if it warn't for the broad-work,
Macmillan's Mag. (Sept. 1889) 360.
BROAK, v. e.An.1 Nrf.1 Also in form brock e.An.1
Nrf.1 [br5k, brok.] To belch. Cf. break, v.
BROAK, see Brook.
BROAKIE, see Brookie.
BROAN, see Brand.
BROASEN, prp. Cor.1 Burning quickly (used by
Mousehole fishermen).
BROATH, see Broth.
BROB, sb.1 Cum. Lan. [brob.]
1. A straw or twig stuck in the hat or worn in the
mouth by those wanting to engage in service on the
hiring-day. Cum.2
2. A small bush or branch used to prevent netting of
game, or to mark oif certain stocks of corn or lots of nay
grass when on sale. ne.Lan.1
BROB
[409]
BROCK
3. A branch of furze stuck into the sand to mark the
track of a safe ford. See Brog, v . 6.
nXan. [Used] by the people of Furness and Cartmel, WAUGH
Rambles in Lake Cy. (1861) 46.
BROB, sb? Midi. Der. Nhp. Also written brab Midi.
[brob.] A nail.
Midi. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796) II. Der.1 Nhp.1 Tier-nails
of carts or waggons.
BROB, v. n.Cy. Yks. Der. Not. [brob.] To prick,
pierce, poke.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) Suppl. w.Yks. T'number o' red jackets 'at
wor i' my bed, wi bayonets fixed, an' which brobb'd me most
unmercifully, HALLAM Wadsley Jack (1881) 29. Der.1 The cow
with the tip of her horn brob'd the man's eye out. Not.3
BROBLE, sb. Bwk. (JAM.) A short piece ot wood
with a sharp point at either end to keep horses asunder
in ploughing.
BROCCOLI, sb. Yks. (J.W.) Brassica acephala, cow-
cabbage or borecole.
BROCH, see Brough.
BROCH-, see Brogh-.
BROCHAN, sb. Sc. Irel. Also written brochin Sh.I. ;
brochen Lth. ; broghan, brichen Uls. ; broughan Ant.
s.Don. ; broughen Ldd. [bro'xan.]
1. Gruel, thin porridge.
Sc. O'er mickle cookery spoils the brochan, RAMSAY Prov.
(1737) ; And much meal may they bear to make ye brochan, SCOTT
Monastery (1820) xi ; A»d there will be fadges and brachan.
RAMSAY Tea-Table Misc. (ed. 1871) I. 86; Breeks an' brochan (old
toast). RAMSAY Remin. (ed. 1872) 59. Sh.I. Shu wid need Ta mak
hersel a brochin, BURGESS Rasmie (1892) 107. Elg. I'm sick o'
brose an brochan dose, TESTER Poems (1865) 120. Lth. O' brochen
now I'se hae my fill, BRUCE Poems (1813) 165. N.I.1 There is
a saying, ' Never bless brochan,' i.e. that brochan is not worth
saying grace for. Uls. (.M.B.-S.), Ant. (A.J.I.), Ldd. (.M.S.M.;
s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890).
2. Cotnp. Brochan-roy, ' brochan ' with leeks boiled in it.
N.I.1 Used by the very poor.
[Gael, brochan, gruel, porridge ; Ir. brochan (MACBAIN).]
BROCHE, see Broach.
BROCHLE, adj. and sb. Gall. (JAM.) Also written
brokle. 1. adj. Lazy, indolent. 2. sb. An indolent
person.
BROCK, sb.1 Obsol. Sc. Ir. All n. counties of Eng.
to Chs. Also in Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. Brks. e.An.
Sus. Wil. Som. Cor. Slang. Also written broc e.Yks. ;
brok Sc. [brok.] See Bauson.
1. A badger.
Sc. Ye may let the auld brock out o' the poke, SCOTT Minstrelsy
(1802; IV. 103, ed. 1848. Bnff.1 Frf. Whar prowl unmolested
the polecat an' brock, WATT Sketches (1880) 74. e.Fif. Tauld us
hoo he had shot a brock, LATTO Tarn Bodkin (1894) xv. Ayr.
They gang as saucy by poor folk As I wad by a stinking brock,
BURNS Twa Dogs (1786) St. 4. Lnk. Now like a snake she'll twist
a forked tail, And now a brock wi' dreadfu' teeth assail, BLACK
Falls of Clyde (1806) 122. Lth. Smeekin' wasps' binks, or huntin'
brocks, BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 67. Slk. I can thole the stink
o' a brock better nor that o' a cawnle that has dee'd a natural death,
CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) IV. 37. Rxb. The fox, hyaena, and
the brok, RIDDELL Poet. Wks. (1871) 229. Gall. The subtile brok and
tod he killed, NICHOLSON Hist. Tales (1843) 345. N.I.1 n.Cy. GROSE
(1790) ; N.Cy.12 Nhb. Breathed terror to the brocks, RICHARD-
SON Borderer's Table-bk. (1846) VI. 321 ; Nhb.1 To stink like a brock.
e.Dur.1 Cum. Huntin a brock or an otter, ANDERSON Ballads
(1808) 47, ed. 1815. Wm. Tigars an foxes, an brocks, Spec. Dial.
(ed. 1877) i. 14; Wm.1 n.Yks.12, ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. Thewordandthe
animal both extinct, though 30 years ago as many as a dozen badgers,
in their barrels, for baiting purposes, could be seen at Magdalen
Fair, Hedon, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1869) 55. m.Yks.1 w.Yks. Place
stinks wo's 'an a brock (W.F.) ; w.Yks.284 Lan. They are o' as
closely hunted by the Queen's bloodhounds as a brok is to its hole,
THOMBER Penny Stone (1845) 17, ed. 1886 ; Lan.1, n.Lan.1 Chs.1
Still found in several of our country family names, as Brocklehurst ;
Chs.8, n.Lin.1, Lei.1, Nhp.12, War.8 Shr.1 Believed to be obs. In
1868, or thereabout, a gamekeeper on the Buildwas Park said of
certain men that he thought ' they wun after a brock,' but ' they
wun poachers after all.' Brks. Gl. (1852) ; Brks.1 e-An.1 Only
in phr. ' to stink like a brock." Suf. Science Gossip (1882) 215 ; Snf.1
VOL. I.
Sus. A capital brock, a most wonderful brock, BLACKMORE Alice
Lorraine (1875) xxvi. Wil. A brock bides thar, KENNARD Diogenes
(1893) vi. w.Som.1 Rare, but still in use in the Hill district. Cor.2
MS. add.
Hence (i) Brock, v. to 'badger,' tease, bully; (2)
Brockster, sb. a bully. In use at Winchester School.
(i) Slang. SHADWELL Wyke. Slang 11859-1864); (E.F.); COPE
Gl. (2 (A.D.H.
2. Cotnp. (i) Brock-faced, white-faced ; marked in the
face with a streak like a badger; (2) -hole, a badger's hole ;
(3) -skin, badger-skin.
(i) N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 A ' brock-faced cow. ' w.Yks.1 T'brock-faced,
branded stirk, ii. 304. (2) w.Yks.3 Brockholes, a place near
Almondbury. w.Som.1 (3) Sc. With thy brock-skin bag at thy
belt, SCOTT Minstrelsy (1802) II. 127, ed. 1848.
3. A badger hound. Nhb.1
4. An opprobrious epithet applied to a person.
Sc. As for James, he's a brock and a blagyard, STEVENSON
Cairiona (1895) ix. Bnff.1 Abd. Ye stinking brock, ye naisty
brock (W.G.). Ayr. What ails ye, ye brock? JOHNSTON Kilmallie
(1891) II. 34. Lnk. Ye sheveling-gabbit brock! RAMSAY Gentle
Shep. (1725) 86, ed. 1783. e.Lth. Ye stinkin brock o' an Irish
byreman, HUNTER/. Inwick (1895*) 237. N.I.1
[1. Heo hudeden heom alse brockes, LAJAMON (c. 1205)
12817. OE. broc, a badger ; a Celtic word, cp. Ir. and
Gael, broc (MACBAIN). 4. Marry, hang thee, brock !
SHAKS. Twelfth Nt. n. v. 114.]
BROCK, sb? Nhb. Yks. Lan. Lin. [brok.] The
cuckoo-spit or frog-hopper, Cicada spumala ; gen. in phr.
to sweat like a brock (sometimes referred to Brock, sb.1 1).
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) Suppl. ; N.Cy.1 To sweat like a brock. Nhb.
Flk-Lore Rec. (1789") VII. 83 ; Nhb.1, e.Dur.1 n.Yks. Science Gossip
(1882) 161 ; n.Yks.12, ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ.
(1788) ; NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889 22 ; e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks.
He swet like a brock, or a engine-tenter, or a furnace-man,
Saunterer'sSatfttflnSn-ig; BANKS Wkfld.Wds. 1865); w.Yks.1*3*
ne.Lan.1, Lin. (J.C.W.), n.Lin.1 sw Lin.1 Just look at the brocks
on our hedge.
Hence Brock, v. to throw into a perspiration.
n.Yks.2 It brock'd me all over.
BROCK, sb? Obs. Nhb. Ken. An inferior or hus-
bandry horse, a jade ; a cow.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Ken. Old broc (.K.) ; Ken.1
Hence Brockman, sb. a horseman (?). Ken.1
[Sw. dial, brok, ' brokig hast,' a pied or spotted horse
(RIETZ).]
BROCK, sb* Irel. [brok.] A derisive name applied
to one whose face is marked with small-pox. Also in
form Brocky.
s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890".
Hence Brocky, adj. pock-marked. Ant. (W.H.P.)
BROCK, si.6 and v.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb. I.W. Dor. Som.
Also written brok Sc. [brok.]
1. sb. A scrap of bread or meat ; broken victuals.
Sc. When we have done, tak hame the brock, RAMSAY Tea-Table
Misc. (1724) I. 176 ; Neither stock [money] nor brock, KELLY
Prov. (1721) 211 (JAM.). Ayr. Ye's neither hae bite nor sup to
weet yer thrapple frae me, no nor yet the brock frae oor table,
SERVICE Dr. Duguid (18871 77. N.I.1 I.W.1 We onny got a few
brocks left from dinner time. Dor. List Wds. (c. 1730) in N. & Q.
(1883) 6th S. vii. 366 ; Their zwangen bags did soon begin, Wi
brocks an scraps, to plim well out. BARNES Poems (1863) 101. Som.
SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885).
2. Rubbish, refuse, remnants.
Per. (G.W.) Fif. Piper Jock . . . Pick't up the banes that lay
like brock, TENNANT Papistry (18271 91. e.Lth. Twa-three bit
shopkeeper bodies doun here-a-way, that live aff the brok o' the
laird's custom, HUNTER/. Inwick (1895) 21. Hdg. Auld smirkin
Hughie Hume, whase post It is to soop [sweep] the brock an' dust,
LUMSDEN Sheep Head, 203. Nhb.1 Any refuse straw or hay, &c.,
broken short.
3. A bump of turf dried for fuel.
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873) ;
With brocks of turf plastered with clay they could form most
comfortable walls for their huts, STRADLING/VSC. Priory of Chilton-
super-Polden, 25 ; (W.F.R.)
4. Sheep-dung dried for fuel. Lin. (J-C.W.)
3G
BROCK
BRODEND
6. v. To cut or crumble anything to shreds or small
pieces. GAM.)
[1. OE. broccan (dat. pi.), fragments (Matt. xv. 37,
Hatton MS.).]
BROCK, v.2 and sb.e Bnff. [brok.] 1. v. To perform
any piece of work in an unskilful manner. Hence
Brockan, vbl. sb. (i) the act of working unskilfully; (2)
the act of wasting cloth in cutting out. 2. To waste
cloth in cutting out. 3. sb. An unskilful workman.
4. Work ill done.
Bnff,1 Baith the masons an' vrights hae brockit the new hoose.
A widna hae that tailyor : he brocks sae muckle claith. He's a
mere brock wee's wark.
BROCK, see Broak.
BROCKAGE, sb. Sc. Broken fragments of crockery,
biscuits, furniture, &c.
Per. I'll gie ye a saxpence for the brockage (G.W.); (A.W.)
[Brok- (stem of brok-en) + -age.]
BROCKE, v. Wxf.1 To break.
BROCKED, see Brook.
BROCKET, sb. Som. Dev. A two-year-old stag.
w.Som.1 The pack here divided, and part of them were stopped
by Joe Faulkner from a [braukut], which went into Span Wood,
Rec. n.Dev. Staghounds, 49. n.Dev. One light hart or ' brocket,'
as he calls it, WHYTE-MELVILLE Katerfelto (1875) xxii; In the
olden time he would have been called a brocke or brocket,
JEFFERIES Red Deer (1884) ii.
[Brocart, a two year old deer, which if it be a red deer,
we call a brocket, if a fallow, a pricket, COTGR. See
HATZFELD (s.v. Brocard).]
BROCKET-GROUND, sb. Ant. A mixture of clay
and boggy land. See Brook, v.'
Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892).
BROCKILO, sb. War.2 s.Wor.1 se.Wor.1 Cmb. (W.W.S.)
Cor.1 Written broccilo War.2 se.Wor.1 ; broccolow Cor.1
Broccoli.
[It. broccolo, cabbage-sprout, of wh. broccoli is the pi.]
BROCKING, adj. Obs. Dev. Of a horse : vicious, apt
to throw its rider ; also applied in contempt to persons.
n.Dev. And hot art thee ? A brocking mungrel, Exni. Scold.
(1746) 1. 359. Dev.1
BROCKIT, see Brook.
BROCKLE, adj., sb. and v. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Chs. Bdf. Dor.
Som. Cor. Also in form brocle Som. ; brokle Bdf. ;
brekkle Cor. [bro'kl.]
1. adj. Easily broken, brittle. Cf. brickie.
Nhb.1, n.Yks.1 Som. Applied to cheese that breaks into frag-
ments, W. & J. Gl. (1873).
Hence (i) Brockled, ppl. adj. Of wood: cross-grained,
liable to break ; (2) Brockly, adj. brittle, broken.
(i) Bdf. BATCHELOR Anal. Eng. Lang. (i8og\ (2) n.Dor
(S.S.B.) Som. (J.S.F.S.) ; (F.AA.)
2. Of weather : variable, uncertain.
n.Ir. A'. &> Q. (1873) 4th S. xii. 325. N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 A brockle
day.
8. Of cattle : liable to break fence.
Dor.1 Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873^.
4. sb. Mining refuse and rubbish.
Cor. There are eight pits on the south side. . . . The excavated
waste . . . comes down ... to the foot. . . . Brekkles is their
name for it ; ... brekkles, or brokkles, BLACKMORE Perlycross
(1894) xii ; Cor.3
5. v. Of cattle : to break fence. Chs.13
[Fleis es brokel als wax, Metr. Horn. (c. 1325) 154
(MATZNER).]
BROCKWELL, sb. Nhb.1 The lowest workable coal-
seam of any district.
BROCKY, adj. Shr. [bro'ki.] Short and stout.
Shr.1 Yore new waggoner's despert brocky, 'e'll want a lungish
pitchin" pikel.
BROD, sb.1 Sc. Also written broad, [brod.]
1. A board ; a shutter.
Or.I. (S. A.S.) Frf. Your A B brod, an' lesson time, Ye maunna
ance forget, LAING firs. (1846) 157. Fif. Birkies wi' broads afore
and ahint them, MCLAREN Tibbie (1894) 12. Ayr. They gied me
first the A B brod [sequel to the Hornbook], SILLAR Poems (1789)
105 ; After a terr'ble tirlin' at the pin and chappin' on the window
brod, he got Robin up, SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887"; 15.
2. The cover of a book.
ne.Sc. There's nae sic a name atween the twabrodso'the Bible,
GRANT Keckleton. 133.
3. The plate for holding the collection in a church.
Sc. The brod was formerly a circular board hollowed out so as
to resemble a plate JAM.) ; Dinging down a saxpence in the brod
on the Sabbath, SCOTT Guy M. (1815) vi. Abd. Abstaining from
dropping into the brod aught else but a copper, ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb (1871) xi. Ayr. Mr. Covenant, the Elder, was standing
at the brod, GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822') Ixxxvi. eXth. They tak
the bawbees in a brod up at the Free, HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) 39.
[A pron. of board.]
BROD, sb.2 and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
[brod.]
1. sb. A goad.
Sc. He was never a good aver, that flung at the brod, KELLY
Prov. (1721) 168. e.Yks. ^T.H.), Not. (J.H.B.)
2. A short nail, esp. a round-headed nail made by black-
smiths.
Sc. There's a nail and there's a brod, And there's a horsie weel
shod,CHAMBERsPo^.^?A_y»<«(i87o) 18. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Obs. Win.1
Nails for boot- or shoe-soles. Stf. A man is strong enough to
make 4,753 'dogs' or 'brods' a week, Sal. Review (1888) 677,
col. a. Der. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) Lin. STREATFEILD Lin.
and Danes (1884) 319. niin.1, Nhp.1
3. An awl.
N-Cy.1 Der. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.)
4. A rod of pliant wood sharpened at one end, used in
thatching. n.Yks. (I.W.), w.Yks.2
B. An instrument used for cutting up thistles, a weeding-
hoe, a spud. e.Yks.1, Lin. (R.E.C.), n.Lin.1
6. A thick stick. nw.Dev.1
7. A stroke with a pointed instrument; a blow, a
poke.
Sc. QAM.) Yks. I got some hardish brods, FETHERSTON T.
Goorkrodger (1870) 67. Dev. Give him a brod, tv. Times (Mar. 12,
1886) 6.
8. v. To prick, pierce, goad, poke.
Sc. (JAM.) e.Fif. Ane o' them got's han' broddit with a preen,
LATTO T. Bodkin (1894) vi. Dmf. Like cattle brodit wi' a prong,
MAYNE Siller Gun (1808) 73. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.) ;
N.Cy.1, e.Yks.1 w.Yks. T'Missis brodded me wit knitting needle,
TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1847) 6 > w.Yks.2 Of a man in
a crowded theatre it was said, ' He wur that brodded and thrussen
at he wur fair sore.' Lin. STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes (1884) 319.
n.Lin.1 swim.1 My foot was never reiet after he brodded it
9. To cut up thistles. n.Lin.1
[1. A brod, stimulus, Cath. Angl. (1483). 7. Ane ox
that repungnis the brod of his hird, he gettis doubil broddis,
Cotnpl. Scot. (1549) 28. 8. Passand by the plewys, for
gad wandis, Broddis the oxin wyth speris in our handis,
DOUGLAS Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, HI. 255. Norw. dial.
brodd, a prick, goad (AASEN).]
BROD, see Brood, Brud.
BRODDLE, v.1 n.Cy. Yks. Lan. Lei. Also written
brodle w.Yks. ; braddle Lei.1 [bro'dl.] To probe, poke,
goad, pierce, make holes. See Brod, sb.2
N.Cy.1, e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Don't broddle thy warking tooth. To
broddle in the water with a stick for fish. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Dec.
27, 1890); w.Yks.12; w.Yks.3 A thorn in the hand, rabbit in a
hole, a broken cork, are broddled out. ne.Lan.1 Lei.1 It [an old
Bible in a church] were braddled, loike, all threw, an' as rotten
as tinder.
Hence Broddler, sb. a toothed instrument for making
holes of an irregular shape. w.Yks.2
BRODDLE, v.2 and sb. Lan. [bro'dl.]
1. v. To assume, to swagger. Cf. broggle, v.9
Lan. DAVIES Races (1856) 227 ; Lan.1 See heaw he broddles,
BAMFORD Ed. Tim Bobbin (1850) 145.
Hence Broddlin, ppl. adj. swaggering.
Lan. Still th' broddlin fussuck lookt a feaw as Tunor, TIM
BOBBIN View Dial. (1740) 29.
2. sb. A fat person, sw. Lan. (H.M.)
BRODDY, see Broody.
BRODEND, adj. Or.I. Also written brodent. Accus-
tomed to. Or.I. (S.A.S.), S. & Ork.1
BRODEQUIN
[4"]
BROGUE
BRODEQUIN, sb. Obsol. Abd. (JAM.) A half-boot.
[I can mak schone, brotekins, and buittis, LINDESAY
Satyre( 1535) 3143. Fr. brodequin, buskin ; also brousequin
I PALSGR. 907).]
BRODIE, sb. Sc. The fry of the rock-tangle or hettle
codling. (JAM.)
BRODLE, see Broddle.
BROD-UCK, see Broad-hook.
BROE, sb. S. & Ork.1 The liver of the halibut.
BROE, see Broo.
BROG, sb.1 and v. Sc. Irel. Wm. Yks. Lan. Lin. Also
written brag w.Yks.2 [brog, brog.]
1. sb. A brad-awl or boring instrument
s.Sc. Entering wi' the brog (JAM.). Inv. i,H.E.F.) Arg. The
best [shoes] I ever put brog in, MUNRO Pibroch (,1896) 247. Ayr.
A lang brog or wummle to take a potato out of a cow's throat,
SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887) 82. Ir. N. & Q. (1872) 4th S.
ix. 476.
2. A large nail.
w.Yks.2 Used in fastening flakes in fences.
3. A branch of a tree, a broken bough, a short stick ;
esp. the branches that are inserted on the sands to mark
out the track.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). Wm.1, n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1 In fairly common
use. A brog of oak. w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781^. n.Lan.
The safe tracks are indicated by branches of furze, called • brogs,'
stuck in the sand, WAUGH Rambles in Lake Cy. (1861) 46 ; If ye sa
a brog on t'sand ye wod think it wos t'French, MORRIS Siege o'
Brou' ton (1661) 6; Isn'tdhisbrog ful 3 nuts? (W.S.) Lan.1, n.Lan.1
[They are only branches of furze called ' brogs,' which are set up
to mark the fords, PAYN Carlyon's Year, i.]
Hence Brogwood, sb. brushwood ; esp. the undergrowth
on which cattle feed. n.Yks.1
4. A Ppke or thrust with a stick. Sc. GAM.), n.Lin. (E.S.)
5. v. To prick, pierce, goad, poke, push with a pointed
instrument.
Sc. D'ye think I was born to sit here bragging an elshin through
bend-leather, SCOTT Midlothian (1818) iv. Edb. Instead of driving
a needle through the claith, he brogs it through his ain thumb,
Mom Mansie Wauch (1828) xxvi. n.Yks.2 To bump, as an animal
pushes with its horn. n.Lin. SUTTON Lin. Wds. (1881) ; n.Lin.1
Hence Broggit-staff, sb. a staff pointed with iron, a
substitute for an axe.
Sc. George Clark, arm'd wi' a broggit-stafl, DRUMMOND Mucko-
machy (1846") 30.
6. To stick branches into the sea-shore.
Lan.1 After obtaining a safe ford, the guides, on the Diversion
and Lancaster sands, mark out the track by inserting branches of
trees. This is called ' broggin' t'channel.'
7. To crop trees. Of cattle : to browse upon the small
hedge-shoots or short herbage ; &\sofig. of persons.
Wm.1 Yks. Where they have plenty of wood to brog upon,
KNOWLSON Cattle Doctor(i83i) 40. n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 Brogging the
brous or young branches in a plantation. ne.Yks.1 e.Yks.
MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796). m.Yks.1 I shall go to no more
stattis [statute-Wrings] ; I shall brog at home. w.Yks.1
8. To fish for eels. See Broggle, v.1 2.
Ant., Lan. GROSE (1790" MS. add. (C.) Lan. Broggin for eels
with a pole, or by thrusting a twig, furnished with hook and worm,
into the holes where the eels lie, DAVIS Races (1856) 227 ; Lan.1
[8. To broge for eels, turbare aquam ad captandas
anguillas, COLES (1679).]
BROG, sb.2 Lan. fbrog.] A bushy or swampy spot.
Lan. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; DAVIS Races (1856) 227.
s.Lan. PICTON Dial. (1865) 10.
BROGER, sb. Yks. [bro-ga(r).] A broker.
e.Yks. ff. & Q. (1879) 5th S. xi. 58.
[Broggers of corn and forestallers of markets, BAKER
Chron. (1641), ed. 1679, 391 (N.E.D.). AFr. broggour
(10 Rich. II. i. § 2).]
BROGGART, sb. Stf.1 [bro'gat] A hobgoblin. See
Boggart.
BROGGLE, v.1 and sb.1 Sc. (JAM.) Yks. Lan. Lin.
Also written brogle (JAM.), [bro'gl.]
1. v. To prick, to poke at ; see Brog, v. 5.
Cld., Lnk. To try in vain to strike a pointed instrument into the
same place. Lth. n-Lln.1 You're alus brogglin' at th'fire; no3
wonder it can't bo'n.
2. To fish for eels.
w.Yks.1 Lan. The water is stirred to make the eels come out
of their holes, and then they are struck with pointed sticks ( J.D. ;
Lan.1 [(K.)]
3. sb. An ineffectual attempt to strike with a pointed
instrument. Hence Broggler, sb. one who makes this
attempt. Lnk. (JAM.)
[2. To brogue or broggle, to fish for eels, by troubling
the water, PHILLIPS (1706).]
BROGGLE, v." and s6.2 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Also written
brogle Nhb.1 ; brooghle N.I.1
1. v. To bungle, spoil, ' botch.' See Boggle, v.1 2.
Bwk.. Slk. (JAM. ) Slk. Broggling at a kittle chapter in Nehemiah,
HOGG Tales (1838) 188, ed. 1866. N.I.1 Ant. Ballymena Obs.
(1892).
Hence (i) Broggler, sb. a bungler, an untrained, un-
skilful person ; (2) Broggling, ppl. adj. of a road : rough,
uneven ; (3) Brogly, adj. shaky, twisted, uneven.
(i) Slk. (JAM.) Nhb.1 He's just a brogler! (2) N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
(3; Nhb.1 Aa've a pair o' compasses, but th'or varry brogly yens.
The road's a varry brogly yen.
2. To patch or cobble shoes. Rxb. GAM.)
3. sb. An unskilful person.
Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892).
BROGGLE, sb* Shr. [bro'gl.] A brawl, quarrel.
Shr^Themtheerneighboursof ours bin aukert folks toliveanunst,
but we never consarn 'em, an' so we never "ave no broggil wuth 'em.
BROGGLE, v* Der. Oxf. Also in form brodgle
nw.Der.1 To boast. Cf. broddle, v?- Oxf.1 MS. add.
Hence Brodgelin, ppl. adj. swaggering, blustering.
nw.Der.1 Wot a brodgelin' fell6 dhat iz.
BROGH AND HAMMER, phr. Sc. Also in form
brugh and hammer Lnk. ; broch an' haimil Bnff.1; brogh
and hammell Abd. ; brough and hamble Sh.I. Proof,
evidence, legal security ; alsoyfg-.
Sh.1. If they cannot give you a satisfying account thereof and
brough and hamble, you are to inform against them, Ins/, for
Rancelmen Sum. App. 8 (JAM.). Bnff.1 To take broch an' haimil
[to take into one's consideration]. Abd. (JAM.) Lnk. When one in
a market purchases goods ... he asks the seller to gie him brugh
and hammer o' them [satisfactory evidence that he came honestly
by them] (<'A.). Lth. Ye maun bring brogh and hammer for't («'&.).
[The same as the old legal phr. borgh of hamhald (haym-
halde), security that the goods sold are the seller's lawful
property ; see SKENE Expos. (1641) 22. It is a statute be
king David, that na man sail buy anie thing, except he
quha selles the samine finde to the buyer ane lawfull
borgh (quhilk commonlie is called an ' borgh of haime-
hald,' Reg. Mai. bk. i. xviii. § i (JAM.). For borgh see
Borrow, sb. Hamhald is the same as ON. heimold (-ild),
right of possession ; cp. heimoll, property in one's full
possession (VIGFUSSON).]
BROGH, see Brugh.
BROGHAN, see Brochan.
BROGLE, see Broggle.
BROGUE, sb.1 Sc. [brog.] A trick, an ' off-take.'
Sc. (JAM.) S. & Ork.1 Ayr. Ye came to Paradise incog., An'
play'd on man a cursed brogue, BURNS Address to Dal (1785)
St. 16.
BROGUE, s6.2 Sc. Irel. Wm. Yks. Lan. Also written
brough Wxf.1 [brog.]
1. A kind of rough shoe, made gen. of untanned hide,
and stitched with thongs of leather.
Sc. The Highlanders, who wore thin-soled brogues, . . . and
moved with a peculiar springing step, SCOTT Waverley (1814) XVL
Inv. For use with the modern Highland dress (H.E.F.). Elg. Her
nainsel', like the Apostle, Will dicht the dirt frae aff her brogues,
TESTER Poems (1865) 164. Abd. Auld Rob Wren That maks an
men's the brogues Sae strong, COCK Simple Strains (1810) II. 120.
Lth. Puir folk may want brogues, but they never want brose,
BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 218. Ir. Commonly used by the wilder
Irish (K.) ; Never mind their feet : sure they've their brogues on,
Paddiana (1848) I. 17; Sure, I was thinkin ' they've took away
me ould brogues on me, BARLOW Idylls (1892) 71. N.I.1 As vulgar
as a clash o' brogues [very vulgar indeed]. Uls. Jrn. Arch. (1853-
1862). B.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (iSgoX Wxf. De brogues matched
so bad wud de coat, KENNEDY Evenings Duffrey (1869) 291 ; Wxf.1
302
BROGUES
[412]
BROKYLL
Smack lick a dab of a brough, 96. Tip. The row of nails he had
driven into the toe of his brogue, KICKHAM Knocknagow, 283.
Hence (i) Brogan, sb. a coarse, light kind of shoe made
of horse-leather ; (2) Brogueen, sb. a little boot.
(i) Gall. A tramp of heavy Galloway brogans was heard,
CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (1895) 294. (a) Ir. lligant little high-heeled
brogueens, BARLOW Keirigan (1894) 105.
2. Comp. (i) Brogue-leather, the leather from which
brogues are made ; fig. an inferior kind of cheese made
from skim-milk ; (2) -shod, wearing brogues.
(i) Ant. (W.H.P.) Glw. 'Tis me that tans the brogue leather,
HARRINGTON Sketches (1830) III. xvii. (a) Fit The brogue-shod
men of gen'rous eye, TENNANT Anster (1813) xxxvii.
3. A heavy clog.
Wm. Worn by drainers. Them's summat like a pair o brogues
(B.K.). Yks. A coarse shoe with a wooden sole and heel, bound
round with iron, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Lan. Bigger skeawn-
drills never troad'n brogues, TIM BOBBIN View Dial. U74°) I-
[My clouted brogues, SHAKS. Cymb. iv. ii. 214. Ir. brog;
Gael, brog, a shoe (MACBAIN).]
BROGUES, sb. pi. Yks. Lan. Der. Brks. e.An. Amer.
[brogz.] Breeches ; esp. those made of leather.
e.Yks. Obs., tho' in remote country districts the old tailors used
to apply the term to trousers. The Blue-coat children, in Beverley,
used to wear leather breeches, often called brogues, NICHOLSON
Flk-Sp. (1889) ; e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.) sw.Lan. (H.M.), Der.1,
nw.Der.1, Brks. (F.H.), e.An.1, Nrf.1, Suf.1 [Amer. Every man
being ordered to tuck in his shirt-tail and pull up his brogues,
IRVING Knickerbocker (1809) (BARTLETT).]
[The skirts of their coates . . . are gathered within long
stammel broges that reach to their ancles, SANDYS Trav.
(1615) 48. Cp. LG. broke, hose, trousers (BERGHAUS) ;
MLG. brok (SCHILLER-LUBBEN).]
BROICH, see Broach.
BROIGH, v. and sb. Sc. Irel.
1. v. To be in a state of violent perspiration and panting.
Lnk. (JAM.) Ant. Here he comes broighan an sweatin', Bally-
mena Obs. (1893).
2. sb. A state of perspiration. Per., Lnk. (JAM.)
[Ir. bruighim, I boil (O'REILLY) ; Gael, bruich, to boil,
simmer (MACLEOD & DEWAR).]
BROIL, v.1 and sb.1 Cum. Yks. Wor. Also written
bruil Cum. [broil.]
1. v. To throw into a state of heat ; also used intrans.
w.Yks. A chap at's moiled an' broiled an' done his best to keep
body an' sowl together, CUDWORTH Sketches ^1884) n. Wor.
Cider I couldn't allus taake, a wuz used to broil mah, Berrow's
Jrn. (Mar. 9, 1895) 4-
2. sb. A condition of heat.
Cum. My het bluid, my heart aw in a bruil, RELFE Misc. Poems
(1747) Harvest.
BROIL, sb* and v* Dev. Cor. [broil, brail.]
1. sb. Mining term : earth on the surface indicating a vein
of metal.
Cor. Sometimes we do discover the lode by a broil, FORFAR
Pentowan (1859) v; Cor.1 Broil, the burnt stuff, word used by
Berryman, who professes to find lodes to this day by the divining
rod; Cor.2
a. The trimmings and cuttings of hedges. s.Dev.
3. v. To discover metal from the earth thrown up by
the heat of the vein. Cor.1
BROIL, sb.3 Cor. An eddy.
Cor. The inner or old quay would be unnecessary, if not
injurious, in creating an eddy or broil when a storm rages, QUILLER-
COUCH Hist. Polperro (1871) 38.
BROILING-IRON, sb. Obs. n.Lin.1 A gridiron.
BROILLERIE, sb. Obs. Sc. A struggle, disturbance.
Fif. Whan that broillerie was dune, Baith erth below and
heaven abune Bare witness to that tulzie, TENNANT Papistry
(1827) 89.
[OFr. bruillerie, disturbance, dissension (GODEFROY
Suppl.).}
BROITCH, see Broach.
BROK, see Brock.
BROKE, sb. Yks. Ken. Sur. Sus. [brok.]
1. A rupture, scrotum hernia ; applied only to animals
and esp. to pigs. Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1 Hence Broke,
adj. afflicted with scrotum hernia. Ken. (P.M.)
2. A pig, or occas. a sheep, afflicted with scrotum hernia.
Ken. Hadden' we better kill dem two brokes? (P.M.)
3. A fall of timber ; a large quantity of timber. Sur.1,
Sus.1
4. A stub in a hedge, formed by cutting the top of
a sapling in such a way that the lower part of the stem
sends out branches.
Ken. A broke standing in the hedge on the west side of the
wood, MORRIS Hist. Wye (1842) 192; Brokes are formed in this
way to serve as boundaiy marks (P.M.).
5. A piece of peaty soil, which has broken away from
the mass. w.Yks. (S.K.C.)
BROKE, v. n.Cy. Yks. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.]
1. To crowd together under a broken bank of earth, as
sheep. n.Cy. (HALL.), w.Yks.1
2. To broke over, to cover with wings. w.Yks.1
[To broke, to keep safe, KERSEY (1715).]
BROKE,//. Wil. Som. In comp. (i) Broke-backed,
loose-jointed, unstable, rickety ; (2) -bellied, ruptured ;
(3) -victuals, leavings of food, remnants of meals.
(i) w.Som.1 Bioa'k-baak-ud oal shan'dreedan. (a) Wil.1 (3)
w.Som.1 Plaiz tu gi mee u beet u broa'k viit'lz.
[ME. broke, pp. broken, oft. in comp., as in P. Plowman
broke-legged (c. ix. 143), broke- schonket (A. vn. 131).]
BROKE, see Brook.
BROKEN, ppl. adj. and sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel.
and Eng. Written brokken- Lan.1 e.Lan.1 Chs.1
1. ///. adj. in comb, (i) Broken-backed, (a) damaged,
worthless ; (b) loaded with wealth ; (2) -backed graves,
see below ; (3) -bellied, (a) big-bellied ; (b) suffering from
hernia ; (4) -bred, crossed between two breeds ; (5) -down
tradesman, a boys' game ; (6) — gate, a road driven in
the coal diagonally to the cleavage ; (7) — grass, grass
mown after a field has been grazed by cattle all the
summer ; (8) -haired, or -yured, (a) half-bred, having
rough wiry hair; (b) applied to anything spurious or
underbred, not straightforward ; (9) — man, an outlaw ;
(10) — meat, meat left after a meal ; (u) -mouthed,
having lost the teeth ; (12) — pattern, in weaving : when
the ordinary pattern of ' crossover ' is varied by broader
stripes at intervals ; (13) -ribbed, see below ; (14) — up,
started, begun, commenced.
(i, a) n.Lin.1 Sich'n a lot o' broaken-back'd rattle-traps as ther*
was. (b) Wm. He was brokkun backt wi brass (B.K.). (a) Ess.
The Rector directed my attention to various graves depressed in
the centre. ' These indicate that the person buried died of con-
sumption : all who die of that disease have sooner or later broken-
backed graves,' e.An. N. (f Q. (1859). (3, a) Chs.1 When a cow
or ewe has had many calves or lambs, the animals are said to be
brokken-ballied. (b) Wm. (B.K.) (4) w.Yks. (S.P.U.) (5) N.I.1
(6) w.Yks. (S.J.C.) (7) Lei.1, Nhp.1 (8, a) Lan.1, e.Lan.1, Chs.1
(b) Lan.1 He fawours a brokken-yure't doctor, or summat, WAUGH
OwdBl. (1867) iv. Chs.13 (9) Sc. He belted the broadsword to his
side, and became a broken-man, SCOTT Rob Roy (1817) xxvi ;
Where be ye gaun, ye broken men, ib. Minstrelsy (1802) Kinmont
Willie. (10) Nhb.1 (n) se.Wor.1, Brks.1 Hit. Broken-mouthed
sheep, ELLIS Cy. Hswf. (1750). Wil.1 Hmp. Old father an"
dog both dribbles together, they do, they be that broaken-mouthed
(W.M.E.F.); (J.R.W.); Hmp.» (ia) Chs.1 (13) swiin.1 ' He's
gotten broken-ribbed to-day.' Said of a man who has had his
banns of marriage published. (14) w.Sc. QAM. Suppl.)
2. Of a word becoming disused : obsolete, uncommon.
Sur. Af. & Q. (1874) 5th S. i. 361 ; Sur^Summut of a broken word.
3. sb. A part of the mine where ' pillars ' or masses of
coal are being removed.
Nhb.1 Nhb., Dnr. GREEN WELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849); (J.J.B.)
[Wages for working out ' brokens,' that is, broken ground in a
mine, Gl. Lab. (1894).]
BROKER'S SWIPE-SHOP, phr. Yks. A low kind of
public-house kept by a ship-broker. Yks. Gl. Lab. (1894).
BROKET, sb. Obs.1 Nhb. The sea-lark, Alauda
petrosus (NEWMAN).
Nhb. PENNANT Tour Sc. (1790) I. 48 (HALL.) ; Nhb.1
BROKYLL, see Bruckle.
BROLE
BROLE, see Browl.
BRON(D, see Brand.
BRONDLING, see Brandling.
BRONGA, 56. S. & Ork.1 Also in form brunga. A
well, a spring of water.
BRONGE, see Braunge.
BRONGIE, sb. Sh.I. The young cormorant, Phalacro-
corax carbo.
Sh.I. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 142; The brongie is of a dusty
brown colour on the back, EDMONSTON Zetl. (1809) II. 250 ;JAM.).
S. & Ork.1
BRONK, see Brank(s.
BRONKUS, sb. Yks. Not. Lin. Also in form bunkus
w.Yks.5 Not.13 Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 [bro'nkas.] A donkey.
Cf. funkas.
n.Yks. (I.W.) e.Yks.1 In w. Holderness 'bunkas' is occas.
used, but very rarely (s.v. Funkas). w.Yks. (^E.B. ); w.Yks.5
When a lot of juveniles have been giving chase to one, the phr.
' Two to one'll kill a bunkus ' has gone from mouth to mouth.
Not. What's thee arter, bensilling bunkus a' that how ? N. & Q.
(1865 3rd S. vii. 312 ; Not.13 Lin.1 The bronkus ran helter-skelter
over the cratch. n.Lin. SUTTON Wds. (1881). sw.Lin.1
BRONSE, v. Sc. [bronz.] To overheat oneself by
sitting in the hot sun or too near a hot fire.
Sc. (JAM.) Per. Lassie, ye'll bronze yersel i' the sun (G.W.).
BRONTITIS, see Brown-Titus.
BROO, sb.1 Sc. Irel. Yks. Also in forms brew, broe
Sc. (JAM.) ; breau n.Cy. ; bru S. & Ork.1 [bru.]
1. Broth, juice, liquor. See Bree, sb.1
Sc. Bid Kate set on the broo, SCOTT Waverley (1814) xlii ; Fry
stanes wi' butter and the broo will be gude, HENDERSON Prov.
(1832) 5, ed. 1881. S. & Ork.1 Frf. Drink the devil's broo, WATT
Sketches (1880) 23. Fif. The broo boils up wi' sotterin' sound,
TENNANT Papistry (1827) 39. Rnf. Gied the kye the broo to drink,
BARR Poems (1861) 50. Ayr. Kate sits i' the neuk Suppin' hen
broo, BURNS Gude'en, st. 2. Edb. A tankard of broo-and-bread,
MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) xxiv. Bwk. Horsley tattie broo, Gars
the swine skunner, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 89.
2. Spoon-meat, fat skimmed from the pot to make
'brewis' (q.v.).
n.Cy. (K.) n.Yks. Here'st dubler broken, and nowther sowl nor
breau, MERITON Praise Ale (1684) 1. 213.
3. Water, esp. snow water.
Fif. A ditch half fu' o' shlush an' snaw broo, LATTO T. Bodkin
(1864) ii. Dmb. Blashy wi' snaw broo, CROSS Disruption (1844)
xxvi. Ayr. In many a torrent down his snaw broo rowes, BURNS
Brigs of Ayr (1787) st. 7. N.I.1
[Erode, broth, pottage, brue, COTGR. ; The brue of this
fleshe, DALRYMPLE Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1596) I. 95. OFr.
bro, broth ; cp. It. brodo, any kind of kitchen-broth (FLORIO) ;
see HATZFELD (s.v. Brouei).]
BROO, sb* Sc. Irel. Nhb. Also written brew Sc.
[bru.] Good opinion, inclination, taste for. Gen. used in
the negative.
Sc. Thir ridings and wappen-schawings, I hae nae broo o' them
ava, SCOTT Old Mortality (1816) vii ; She had nae great brew o'
the minister, DICKSON AuldMin. (1892) 67. Dmb. I ha'e nae brew
o' bills, CROSS Disruption (1844) xviii. Ayr. I canna say I hae ony
broo o' the law, GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822) vi. Edb. I have no brew
of your auld Major Weir, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) vii. Bwk.
The goodman o' Kilpalet — Owre simple for this world, And has
nae broo o' the next, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 1 16. Ant. I
have a very poor broo of it ( W.H. P.). Nhb.1 Aa bed no broo on't.
BROO, sb? Yks. Lan. Written brea, brou m.Yks.1
[bru, m.Yks. also bri.]
1. Brother.
w.Yks.1 There's nut a pin to chuse between Sail an her broo,
ii. 287 ; w.Yks.8 m-Yks.1 He's going to Thirsk, to see his brea.
Lan. Be up at once, and doin', Though th' wark may be up, broo,
Sngs. (1867) 30 ; Lan.1, e.Lan.1
2. Comp. Broo-chip, a person of the same trade ; a chip
of the same block. w.Yks.1
[Cp. pron. in Norw. dial, bror and boa (AASEN, s.v.
Broder).]
BROO, see Brae, Brow.
BROOCH, see Broach, Brook.
BROOD, sb. and v. Sc. Lin. Nhp. Som. Dev. Cor.
Also written brod Sc. QAM.) S. & Ork.1 ; brude Sc. [brud.]
[413]
BROOGHLE
1. sb. A litter of pigs.
Dev. A brood of pigs (as our John, in the truly Devonian phrase,
called them), BRAY Desc. Tamar and Tavy (1836) III. 276.
Hence Broddy, adj. applied to a sow with a litter.
Bwk. The auld broddy sow, That wallows in the midden hole !
HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 81.
2. A young child ; the youngest child of a family.
Sc. She'll do guid, And lay an egg to my little brude, CHAMBERS
Pop. Rhymes (1870) 24. Rxb. (JAM.)
8. A goose that has hatched goslings. S. & Ork.1
4. Comp. (i) Brodmil, a brood; (2) Brod(s-mother,
(a) a hen that has hatched chickens ; (b) the mother of
a family ; (3) Brood-hen, a sitting hen.
(i) Abd. My best brodmil o' Mairch chuckens, ALEXANDER _/o/m»y
Gibb (1871) xliii. (2, a] Lth. Of abroody hen : She's a gude brods-
mother (JAM.), (b) Ags. Said of one about to become a stepmother:
She'll mak an ill brod-mother (iJ.). (3) Sc. Kill the brood-hen with-
out thinking twice on it, SCOTT Bride of Lam. (1819) vii.
5. A young apple-tree shoot, which comes from a sucker.
Som. The shoots from the stock of an apple are called ' brood '
—as opposed to the ' graft' (W.F.R.).
6. Impurities mixed with ore. Cor.12
7. Beds of hard brown oolite in quarries.
Nhp. PHILLIPS Geol. (1871) 408.
8. v. To nurse, fondle, as a mother does her child.
sw.Lin.1 Must I brood thee then, my bairn ? w.Som. Her do
broody over thick there cheel (F.T.E.).
9. To send out suckers, used of apple-trees. Som.
(W.F.R.)
BROODIN, see Browden.
BROODLE, v. Lin. Shr. Dev. Also in form broozle
Shr.1; brudle Dev. [bru'dl.]
1. To brood like a hen over her chickens ; to fondle.
n.Lin. Look at him broodlin' th' little lad as if noabody niver hed
a bairn afoore (M.P.) ; n.Lin.1 I Jiiver but once afoore seed a cat
broodle a yung duck. Shr.12 Dev. See there, Betty is broodling
Alick, w.Times (Mar. 12, 1886) 6, col. 4.
2. To meditate, reflect; to let a child lie till quite
awake.
Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) n.Dev. An' zent en on tha
quar'l ta broodle, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 115 ; Of a child
when just waking : Purty thing, it hathn't broodled yet, ib. Gl.
BROODY, adj. In gen. dial, use in Sc. and Eng. Also
written broddy Nhb.1; bruddy se.Wor.1
1. Prolific, inclined to breed ; having a brood.
Sc. She was a kindly broody creature, KUICKBIE Wayside Cot.
(1807) 177 QAM.). Dmf. Coaxin' me tae mak' a splutter, An' wyle
me frae their broody litter, QUINN Heather Liniie (ed. 1863) 72.
Nhb.1 ' Broody,' or ' broddy,' is said of a matron who has her children
in quick succession.
2. Of fowls : inclined to sit
Wm., Yks. (B.K.) w.Yks.2 Lan. A broody hen crow'd from
her perch on a cob, HARLAND Lyrics (1866) 15 ; Lan.1, Chs.1,
s.Chs.1, Stf.2 Der.1 ' Chuckish,' they say in Ken. ; Der.2, nw.Der.1,
Not. * Lei.1 Shay wur that bre wdy shay'd 'a sot up of a 'edge-ug.
War. (J.R.W.); War.3, se.Wor.1, Shr.12 OxftMS.add. Hmp.1
Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863). Som. (W.F.R.) w.Som.1 The spickety
hen's gettin [breo-dee], I shall zit her 'pon duck-eggs. Dev. Zo
tatchee's a old broody 'en, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 12 ; Dev.1
Hence Broodiness, sb. the condition of a hen when
she wants to sit.
Chs.1 Various methods are practised to make a hen's broodiness
'go off." The most extraordinary is to tie a bit of tape round her
tail ; because a hen which is broody spreads her tail, and the
ligature prevents her doing so, and thus is supposed to dispel her
broodiness. s Chs.1
3. Sullen, sour-tempered, sulky, cross.
Wil. (G.E.D.) Dor. Gl. (1851). n.Dev. The Squire was so
broody since his trouble, CHANTER Witch (1896) iii.
4. Cloudy, dark, gloomy.
Nhp.1 A broody sky.
[L The women are very broodie and apt for generation,
WALLACE Orkney (1693) 30 ; Broudie, foecunaus, LEVINS
Manip. (1570). 2. They cannot spare the peahens
company, while they are broody and sitting, HOLLAND
Pliny (ed. 1634) I. 301.]
BROOF, see Brough.
BROOGHLE, see Broggle.
BROOI
BROOM
BROOI, sb. S. & Ork.1 The master of the house ;
a term of familiarity, brother. See Broo, sb.a
BROOIT, see Breward.
BROOK, sb.1 Van dial, uses in Eng.
1. In comp. (i) Brook-apple, the water used in the
manufacture of cider ; (2) -lime, (a) Veronica Beccabunga
(Chs. Yks. Der. Suf. Hmp.1 Dev.4 and in gen. use) ; (b)
the large form of Nasturtium officinale (Bck.) ; (c) Helo-
sciadium nodiflorum (War.) ; (3) -ouzel, (4) -runner, the
water-rail, Rallus aquaticus ; (5) -sparrow, the sedge-
warbler, Salicaria phragmitis.
(i) Wor. The brook-apple is a very bad cider fruit (E.S.). (3)
[FORSTER Swallows (ed. 1817)87; SWAINSON Birds (1885) 176.]
(.4) w.Wor. Berroui's Jrn. (Mar. 3, 1888). [SwAINSON ib. 176.]
(5) n.Wil. In the osier-bed the brook-sparrow chatters, JEFFERIES
Wild Life (1879) 63. Wil.1
2. A water-meadow ; //. low marshy ground, not neces-
sarily containing running water or springs.
Ken. Common (P.M.) ; Ken.12, Sus.1
[2. Cp. Du. broeck, moorish or marshy land (HEXHAM) ;
MLG. brok, ' Bruch, eine tiefliegende von Wasser durch-
brochene, mit Geholz bestandene Flache" (SCHILLER-
LUBBEN).]
BROOK, sb.2 Sc. Yks. Lin. e.An. Also in form breuk
Sc. (JAM.) ; breeak n.Yks.2 ; brooch e.An.1 ; bruick- Sc.
QAM. Suppl.)
1. A boil or abscess ; a running sore.
Sc. On ilka knee she had a breuk, Blacktv. Mag. (June 1817)
238 (JAM.). n-Yks.1 He's had a strange vast o' thae nasty brooks
an" byles aboot "im ; n.Yks.2 w.Yks. (C.C.R.) Lin. SKINNER
(1671); (R.E.C.); Lin.1, e.An.'
2. Comp. Bruick-boil, an inflamed tumour or swelling
of the glands under the arm. Sc. (JAM. Suppl.)
BROOK, sb? Sh.I. In phr. a brook of ware, a quan-
tity of seaweed driven on shore by stormy weather.
See Ware, sb.
Sh.I. In common use (K.I.).
[ON. bruk, ' alga aestu maris evulsa ' (£GILSSON).]
BROOK, v.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also
written bruck, bruick Sc. ; bruik Sc. (JAM.) n.Cy. ;
bruke Sc. (JAM.)
1. To use, possess, enjoy.
Sc. God grant your lordship may well brook your new conquest,
SCOTT Nigel (1822) xxxiv ; When a person is wearing a new dress
it is freq. said, ' Weil bruik your new ' (JAM.) ; An' syne the crop,
in thack an' rape, Now snugly bruicks its winter cape, A. SCOTT
Poems ^1808) 95. Abd. Sic brook their wealth wi' better grace,
SHIRREFS Poems (1790) 292. Lnk. Lang may they bruck The
gear they ha'e won, HAMILTON Poems (1865) 151. Dmf. Weel
may he bruik his new apparel, MAYNE Siller Gun (1808) 14.
2. To bear, carry the name.
Abd. The name her ain grandame brooked, Ross Helenore
(17681 10, ed. 1812.
3. In phr. to brook one's name, to answer in one's dis-
position to the purport of one's name.
Ken.1 Mrs. Buck makes every week washin' week ; she brooks
her name middlin', anyhows [see Buck, sb.~\ ; Ken.2
4. To grace, become.
Sc. He bruiked it weel, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Bwk.
She ' brookit her place ' right faithfully, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes
(1856) 76.
5. To bear, endure, suffer ; to digest, ' stomach.'
n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.) OIo.2, Nrf.1
Hence Brookable, adj. endurable, tolerable.
Sc. It sail be mair brookable for the Ian' o' Sodom, HENDERSON
St. Matt. (1862) x. 15.
6. Obs. Of clouds : to draw together and threaten rain.
With prep. up.
s.Cy. GROSE (1790). s. & e.Cy. RAY (1691). Sus. KENNETT
Par. Antiq. (1695)
Hence Brooking,/*//, adj. See below.
Hrt. Lest their gravelly soil should be bashed and bound by
brooking or great rains, ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) VI. Hi.
7. To need, require.
Yks. The hills brooked the rain (G.H.G.).
[ME. bruke (Cursor M. 2589) ; OE. britcan, to enjoy.]
BROOK, v? and sb* Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Also
e.An. Dor. Also in forms brack- Ir. ; breuk Cum.1
broak, brock-, brouk- Sc. (JAM.) ; bruck Sc. e.An.1 ;
bruik Sc.
1. v. To soil with soot; to dirty; to become spotted,
streaked. Cf. bruckle, v?
n.Sc. (JAM.) Abd. In regular use (W.M.). Bnff.1 Fin the
sheep begin to black and brook (s. v. Gair). Nhb. GROSE ^1790).
Hence (i) Broakitness, sb. the state of being streaked
with black or white, or with dirt ; (2) Brooked, ppl. adj.
(a) streaked with dirt, grimy, soiled with tears, &c. ; (b)
of sheep or cows : spotted, streaked, having black or
white faces ;
mi:
streaked
having a dirty face ; (4) Brookie-face, sb., see Brookie
(a) ; -faced, see Brookie (b).
(i) Sc. (JAM.) (a, a) Sc. Eh ! sic a brookit bairn ! What has
he been blubberin' about ? (i'A.) Abd. Lat me to the brooket knave !
COCK Simple Strains (1810) II. 137. Frf. [Vulcan] a limpin*
spaviet, bruikit wicht, BEATTIE Arnha' (c. 1830) 30, ed. 1882.
Lth. Wee bit bruckit, drunken bodie, BALLANTINE Poems (1856)
140. Wm. He gat drunk an" com hiam wi his fiace o' brlakt wi
grime (B.K.). e.An.1 Sometimes used fig. A bracket complexion.
(b) Sc. The brockit cow has a quey, SCOTT Midlothian (i&iS) xxxix.
Kcd. My sister lost the brocket lam', GRANT Lays (1884) 13. s.Ir.
The bracket heifer, CROKER Leg. (1862) 141. Cum.1 Dor. These
sheep have black noses, and are rather black intermixed with
white near the hoof: they are said to be brooked, MARSHALL
Review (1817) V. 279. (c) Nat Gl. Sun. (JAM.) (3, a) Sc. This
coach . . . Old Brookie made with his own hand, MESTON Poems
(1767) 125 (JAM.). (A) Kcd. Gie yer bruikie face a dicht, GRANT
Lays (1884) 84. (4) Bnff.1
2. sb. Soot adhering to kettles, pots, &c.
n.Sc. (JAM.) Abd. (A.W.) ; In regular use (W.M.).
BROOK, v.a Dev. To wither, to dry.
nw.Dev.1 The hay's hardly brook'd enoo vor carr'.
Hence Brooking, ppl. adj. drying.
nwJDev.1 "Tis a nice brookin day to-day.
BROOLYIE, see Brulyie.
BROOM, sb. and v. Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
Also written breeam n.Yks.2 ; broon- Nhb.1 ; bruin Nhb.1
Shr.1 Brks.1
1. sb. In comb, (i) Broom-bat, a broomstick; (2)
-besom, a besom made of broom ; (3) -clisher, a broom-
maker ; (4) -cow, a broom or heather bush ; (5) -dasher,
(a) a maker and seller of brooms ; (b) a careless, slovenly,
dirty person ; (6) -dog, an instrument for rooting up
broom ; (7) -squire, see -dasher (a) ; (8) -stall, a broom-
stick ; (9) -stick marriage, (10) -stick match, a marriage
contracted to save the legitimacy of a child ; see below ;
(n) -striking, using the plough without its mould-board;
(12) -swike, a twig of a heather-broom ; (13) -tea, an
infusion of the green twigs of broom, used medicinally,
esp. in cases of dropsy ; (14) -thackit, overgrown with
broom.
(i) Ken. (P.M.) (2) Nhb. He'll myek us broom buzzums for
nowse, Tyneside Sngs. (ed. 1891) 144 ; Nhb.1 (3) Sus.1 (4) Sc.
A broom-cow at his feet, SCOTT Minstrelsy (1803) III. 30, ed. 1848.
(5, a) Lei.1 Ken. (H.M.) ; (P.M.) ; Ken.1, Sus.1, Hmp.1 (b) Ken.1
(6) Kcd. Agric. Sum. 447 (JAM.). (7) Sur. [Applied to] the squatters
in the Punch Bowl [Hindhead], BARING-GOULD Broom-Squire
(1896) iii. Sus.1 Hmp. Others who go by the name of broom-
squires make brooms from the heath, HEATH Eng. Peas. (1893)
137. Som.W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 They there broom-squires
be the ones that do's it [steal eggs]. (8) w.Yks.3, Not1, Lei.1
War.3 A broom-stail would have a shaped end to fit into the hole
of the broom. Wor. (J.W.P.) (9) e.An.1 Otherwise Hop-pole
marriages. (10) Lon. I never had a wife, but I have had two or
three broomstick matches, MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) I. 353.
(i i ) Ken. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). ^12) Cor.12 (13) n.Yks.2,
w.Yks.2, Chs.1 Shr.1 Yo should'n get some brum lay this spring-
time ; it's a mighty good thing for the stomach. (14) n.Cy. Bordet
Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.)
Hence Broomy, adj. covered with broom.
Abd. Past the broomy brae, COCK Simple Strains (1810) II. 122.
Kcd. The broomy knowes. GRANT Lays (1884) 134. Per. The
shepherd's reeking cot Peeps from the broomy glen, NICOLL
Poems (1837) 77, ed. 1843.
2. In phr. (i) to hang the broom out of window, a sign to
BROOMLE
BROTH
signify that the wife is from home and that the husband
will receive friends ; see Besom ; (2) not to hang out the
broom, to be very particular as to character, &c., before
engaging servants, labourers, &c. ; (3) to be mops and
brooms, intoxicated ; (4) to broom-field, to inherit the entire
property, make a clean sweep of it ; (5) give it broom,
a direction in curling : sweep the running stone.
(i) Der.1, Brks.1 (a) Wil.1 1 hain't a-gwain to hang out the broom.
(3) Dev. Reports Provinc. (1877) 128. Slang. Household Words
(1854)75- U'Nrf.i (5'. Per. (G.W.)
3. The heather, Calluna vulgaris. n.Yks.
4. The yellow bed-straw, Galium verum. Shr.1
5. v. To signal by a broom how many whales are
taken.
Sc. They had broomed the ship, SCOTT Pirate (i8ai) xxi.
BROOMLE, see Bramble.
BROON, see Broom.
BROOSE, sb. Obs. Sc. Nhb. Also written braize,
brooze Nhb. ; brouze Sc. ; bruize, bruse Sc. QAM.)
[bruz, Abd. briz.] A race on horseback at a country
wedding, from the church, or the bride's former home,
to the bridegroom's house. Cf. bride-ale, bride-door.
Sc. There will be a hundred strapping Elliots to ride the brouze,
SCOTT Blk. Dwarf ^1816) vii ; It's ne'er a gude aiver that flung at
the broose, HENDERSON Prov. (1832) 82, ed. 1881. Per. Tammy,
ye're first — but tailors for a broose ! HALI BURTON Horace (1886) 30.
Ayr. At brooses thou had ne'er a fellow, BURNS To his Auld
Mare, st. 9. Slk. But nae races for siller or leather like a — broose,
CHR. NORTH Noctes (ed. 1856) II. 80. Nhb. He who arrives first
may claim a kiss from the bride. Such a wedding is called a ' riding
wedding,' and the race ' running the braize, or brooze,' HENDERSON
Flk-Lore (1879) '•
BROOST, sb. Sc. A spring or violent motion
forward.
Sc. The yaud she made a broost Wi' ten yauds' strength and
mair, HOGG Jacob. Rel. (1819) I. 71 (JAM.).
BROOSTLE, see Brustle.
BROOZLE, see Broodle, Brustle.
BRORD, see Breward.
BROSE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Also Cor. [broz.]
1. Oatmeal mixed with boiling water or milk ; porridge.
Sc. My sinews braced by gude meal brose, ALLAN Lilts (1874)
231. Abd. Brose made o' the best o' meal, COCK Simple Strains
(1810") I. 136. Kcd. Sups his brose an' kail, GRANT Lays (1884)
17. Fif. He has to work a' day on a bowl o' brose, ROBERTSON
Provost (1894) 121. Ayr. They maun hae brose and brats o'
duddies, BURNS To Dr. Blacklock (1789) st. 6. e.Lth. Esau, wha
sell't his birthright for a bowl o' brose, HUNTER/. Imvick (1895)
210. Bwk. Are ye for parritch or brose ? HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes
(1856) 50. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.) Nhb. The kitchen
woman offered it yowe browse, RICHARDSON Borderer's Table-bk.
(1846) VII. 138.
Hence (i) Brosilie, adv., fig. in an inactive manner ; (2)
Brosiness, 56. a state of semi-fluidity; fig. inactivity,
heaviness ; (3) Brosy, (a) adj. stout, well-fed ; (b) adj.,
fig. soft, inactive ; (c) sb. a very fat person ; (4) Brosy-airt,
adj. fat, inactive, heavy ; (5) -faced, adj. having a fat and
flaccid face ; (6) -hehdit, adj. fat, inactive, stupid ; (7)
-mou'd, adj. stupid, slow in speech.
(i, 2) Lnk. (JAM.) (3, a) Sc. When I was twall I was Brosy
Wull, CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes (1870) 159. Lnk. This brosy laddie
with the well-filled pockets, FRASER Whaups (1895) ii. Kcb. Lay-
ing the brosy weans upo' the floor, DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 28
QAM.). (A) Lnk. (JAM.) (c) Bnff.1 (4) ib. (5) Lnk. He was a
fat, brosy-faced laddie, FRASER Whaups (1895; ii. (6) Bnff.1 (7)
Slk. A brosey-mou'd beast, HOGG Tales (.1838) 250, ed. 1866.
2. Comp. (i) Brose-meal, parched meal of which pease
brose is made ; (2) -time, supper-time.
(i) Sc. (JAM.) (2) Abd. An hour after brose-time, SHIRREFS
Poems (1790) 317.
3. In phr. (i) Athole brose, honey mixed with whisky;
(2) Brose of het, a great heat, copious perspiration.
(i) Sc. I spent a night with him over pancakes and Athole brose,
SCOTT St. Ronan (1824) xx. Elg. Our fam'd Athole brose will
restore ye, TESTER Poems (1865) 180. Abd. I'm not to sing of
mistletoes, Nor buttered sowens, nor Athole brose, OGG Willie Waly
(1873) 94. (a) Cor.1 ; Cor.2 I'm in a brose of het.
[A mod. Sc. form of ME. browes (Prompt.) ; OFr. broez,
broth, see HATZFELD (s.v. Brouet).]
BROSELEY, sb. Stf. Der. Shr. [bro'zli.] A clay
pipe, so called from the place of its manufacture in Shr.
Stf.2, Der.1 Shr. BOUND Prov. ( 1876) ; Shr.12
BROSIER, sb. and v. Chs. Slang. [br5'zia(r).J
1. sb. A bankrupt.
Chs.1 ; Chs.2 Used by boys at play, when one of them has nothing
further to stake; Chs.3 Slang. A boy at Eton was a ' brosier '
when he had spent all his pocket-money, N. &• Q. (1850) ist S.
ii. 44.
2. v. To become bankrupt. At Eton and Westminster :
to eat up everything provided for a meal ; also in phr.
brosier my dame.
Chs.8 Slang. I joined a conspiracy to brozier him. There were
ten or twelve of us [at breakfast] and we devoured everything
within reach, ROGERS Remin. (1888) 15 (FARMER) ; An Eton word.
' Brosiering my dame ' was, for some crime, real or imaginary,
eating up everything provided for the meal, and asking for more,
LEIGH Gl. ; Common (C.C.P.) ; N. V Q. (1850) :st S. v. 235.
BROSNA(CH, see Bresna.
BROSSEN, BROST(EN, see Brust.
BROSTERING, ppl. adj. Shr. [bro-starin.] Domi-
neering, overbearing.
Shr.1 Sich a brosterin' fellow 'e is.
BROT, sb.1 Sc. Also called brotach. [brot.] A
quilted cloth or covering, used for preserving the back of
a horse from being ruffled by the ' shimach,' on which
the pannels are hung. Cf. brat, sb.1 Sc. (JAM.), Per.
(G.W.)
BROT, sb.2 and v. Sc. [brot.]
1. sb. A tangle, muddle ; a ' cobble."
Per. Yer stocking or yer yarn has gone into a broL A child's
head may be ' in a brot o' vermin ' when they are there in abun-
dance, or a coat is worn out ' into a brot o' holes ' (G.W.).
2. v. To entangle, quilt over; to darn clumsily, 'cobble.'
Per. A clumsily darned hole in an apron, stocking, &c. , is 'a'
brotted.' ' What gart ye brot the heel that wye ? ' (G.W.)
BROT, see Brat.
BROTCH, v. n.Sc. (JAM.) To plait straw-ropes round
a stack of corn. See Brath, v.
BROTCH, see Broach.
BROTCHERT, BROTCHET, see Bragget.
BROT-GROUND, sb. Wm. [bro't-grund.] Ground
where the sward has been removed and the earth is in
a friable condition.
Wm. (K.) ; Wm.1 Still in use.
[Brot fr. brot-, pp. stem of OE. breotan, to break, cogn.
w. lit. E. brittle.]
BROTH, sb. and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Written brath Cor.12; broath Sc. ; brothe Shr.1
[brob, brpb.]
1. sb. Thin soup ; always used as a pi.
Sc. The broth are very good, Monthly Mag. (1800) I. 238. N.I.1
Broth, like porridge and sowans, is spoken of in the pi. N.Cy.1
Nhb.1 A few broth. e.Dur.1 Cum.1 Will ye hev a few broth ?
e.Yks.1 w.Yks. These broth are very good (F.P.T.) ; w.Yks.1 I
think thur er vara good broth. Lan. LAYCOCK Rftymes, 21. Chs.1
About Macclesfield the expression is ' a tewthry [two or three]
broth.' n.Lin.1 Put th' broths up o' th' taable, lass. Lei. (C.E.) ;
Lei.1 When the broth are ready crumb the basins. Nhp. (J.E.) ;
Nhp.1 War.3 Shr.1 They [broth] bin good ; let's han tuthree more.
Bdf. ELLIS Pronunc. (1889) V. 205. Hnt. (T.P.F.), Nrf. (W.R.E.)
w.Soni.1 A few broth wi leeks in 'em. Dev. When the broth be
wit [white], They'm fit, Reports Prov. (1895). Cor.1 ' A few brath,'
a dish of broth with a few cubes of bread soaked in it ; Cor.2
2. In phr. (i) to blow another's broth, to give one a
scolding ; (2) to warm up old broth, to renew an engage-
ment of marriage that has been broken off; (3) a broth
of sweat, a violent perspiration ; (4) a broth of a boy, a
thoroughly good, capable fellow.
(i) w.Yks.5 Ah'll blaw her broth for her. (2) n-Lln.1 (3) Sc.
A great brothe of sweat (JAM.). Abd. (G.W.) (4) Ir. The broth
of a boy at dancing, CARLETON Traits Peas. (1843) I. 88. Ant.
Ballymena Obs. (1892). s.Don. SIMMONS GL (1890). e.Yks.1
MS. add. (T.H.)
3. A liquor, made by boiling calves' feet, glue, alum, £c.,
BROTHER
[416]
BROW
used to clarify the brine and crystallize the salt in salt-
making. Chs.13
Hence Brothing a pan, phr. putting ' broth ' with the
brine.
Chs.1 Commonly spoken of as ' givin' th' pon her brexfust.'
4. v. To thicken broth with oatmeal or flour.
Shr.1 'Er took waiter an" bacon liquor an' brothed it 66th flour.
Hence Brothin, vbl. sb. oatmeal or flour put into broth
to thicken it. il>.
5. To be in a state of perspiration.
Sc. (JAM.) Rxb. Breathing in sweat till doilt and dizzy, A.
SCOTT Poems (1808) 42.
BROTHER, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. In comp. (i) Brother-bairn, the child of an uncle,
a cousin; (2) -billy, the owl ; (3) -chip, a fellow-workman ;
(4) -law, a brother-in-law ; (5) -Will, small beer.
(i) Sc. Sir Patrick Hamilton was sister and brother-bairns to
the king's majesty, PITSCOTTIE Hist. (ed. 1 720) 104 (JAM.). (2) Nrf.
Familiarly known in Yarmouth by the sobriquet of Brother Billy,
RITCHIE e.An. (1883) 177. (3) nXin.1, Nhp.1, War.", Hnt. (T.P.F.)
(4) Glo.1, n.Wil. (E.H.G.) w.Som.1 The ' in ' always omitted ; so
also in all the similar relationships. Cor.1 (5) Ess.1
2. In phr. to be an eldest brother, to scold, lecture.
Abd. I see a storm in Watty's brow Will light on him ere lang:
I trow he'll be his auldest brother, COCK Simple Strains (1810)
II. 133-
BROTHER, v. Sc. [brirtSar.] To accustom, to inure,
sometimes implying rough usage.
Bnff.1 Ye've been a gueede file at the sea ; ye'll be weel brothert
wee't by this time.
Hence (i) Brother, sb., (2) Brotheran, vbl. sb. (a) inure-
ment ; rough usage ; (b) exposure to rough weather, ib.
BROTHERING,#>/.o#. Chs.18 Of branches: spread-
ing, over-luxuriant.
[Brother is prob. the same word as Sc. broder, to broider
(Compl. Scot. 69).]
BROT(T, sb. and v. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Hrf.
[brot.]
1. sb. Shaken, refuse corn ; short, broken straw shaken
out from the mass.
N.Cy.12, Nhb.1, Cum.1, w.Yks.1, neXan.1, Hrf."
2. Scraps, small fragments, odds and ends ; a small
quantity.
Nhb. (K.), Cum.1, Wm.1
3. v. Of corn or grain : to shatter, fall out through over-
ripeness. Cum.1 See Brit, v?
[Brott, the same as the brot in brot-ground (q.v.).]
BROTTA, sb. Lan. A few drops, a small quantity,
a little in addition.
ne.Lan.1 I'll tak a brotta meyar.
BROTTLE, see Brattle.
BROUCE, v. Cum. To move rapidly, with noise ; to
push forward into a position to which one is not entitled.
Cum. Up brouc'd the taistrels in a leyne, STAGG Misc. Poems
(1805) 115 ; What's t'e broucin' aboot for, an' setten yersel up'
(E.W.P.)
BROUGH, sb.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Lakel. Yks. Lin.
Also written broch Sc. Ir.; brogh Sc. UAM.) ; broof
Nhb.1; bruch Sc. (JAM.); bruff N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 n.Yks.12
w.Yks.5 n.Lin.1 Also in form bluff n.Lin.1 [bruf, bruf,
Sc. and Ir. also brox.]
1. A halo or luminous disk round the sun or moon, said
to portend rain or storm. See Bur(r.
Sc. About the moon there is a brugh, The weather will be cauld
and rough, SWAINSON Weather Fit-Lore (1873) 186. ShJ. (Coll.
L.L.B.) n.Sc. A far-aff broch a near-han shoor, A near-han
broch a far-aff shoor (W.G.). Frt The corona or brough occurs
when the sun or moon is seen through a thin cloud, STEPHENS
Farm Bk. (ed. 1849) I. 138. N.I.1 A far awa brough, is a near ban'
storm. Ant. A sign of bad weather whenever the new moon appears
onherback,with thenew moonin heranns,and abrough round her,
Uls.Jrn.Arch. (1859) 78 ; Ballymena Obs. (1892). Dwn. (C.H.W.)
s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890). s.Wxf. (P.J.M.), N.Cy.1 Nhb. One
of the men points to a ' bruff' round the sun. Sure enough, there
is a broken ring of angry ominous-looking clouds encircling the
sun, WHITE Nhb. and Border (1859) 361 ; Nhb.1 ' He' ye seen the
broof roond the myun thi' neet ? It's a lang way off.' The belief
is that the larger the diameter of the circle the greater the antici-
pated storm. Lakel. ELLWOOD (1895). Cum.1 n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2
The larger the biuff, the nearer the storm. w.Yks.5, n.Lin.1
2. The circle drawn round the tee in a curling rink.
Cld. (JAM.~) Ayr. The curlers . . . were making ' triggers,' 'tees,'
and 'broughs,' preparatory to action, JOHNSTON Kilmallie (1891) II.
108. Lth. Cheek by jowl, within the brough, STRATHESK More
Bits (ed. 1885) 274-
Hence Brugher, sb. a stone which comes within the
circles in curling. Cld. (JAM.J
BROUGH, sb? Cmb. Also written brow. A plank laid
across a ditch, forming a rustic foot-bridge. Cf. bro, sb.1
Cmb. ff. & Q. (1852) ist S. vi. 411.
BROUGH, see Brow, Brugh.
BROUGHAN, BROUGHEN, see Brochan.
BROUGHLY, adj. Yks. Stony, gravelly.
Yks. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
BROUGHT AGE UP, phr. Nrf. Bringing up, training.
Nrf. They had had a very hard ' broughtage up,' JESSOPP Arcaay
(1887) vi.
[Brought, pp. of bring + -age.]
BROUGHTEN, see Brautin.
BROUGHTING-UP.wW.s6. Nhb. Cum. Lan. Written
browtens-up Nhb.1 Bringing up, training, education.
Nhb.1 ' It just shows his browtens-up, 'gen. applied to misconduct
or want of early training. Cum. Sec conduct sheam'd his browtins
up, BURN Fireside Crack u886) 13. Lan. It's aw owin' to his
broughtin' up, Essay on Dre-ams, 4.
[Brought, pp. +-ing.]
BROUK, see Brook.
BROULYIE, see Brulyie.
BROUSTLE, see Brustle.
BROUT, see Bruit.
BROW, sb.1 and v.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
Also written broo Sh.I. Nhb.1 Cum.1 Wm. e.Lan.1 Chs.1
1. sb. In comp. (i) Brow-band, a leather strap, passing
across the forehead, by which the ' fish-creel ' is sus-
pended; (2) -brenner, a child's name for the forehead ; see
Bren(d ; (3) -head, forehead ; (4) -square, an infant's three-
cornered linen head-cloth.
(i) n.Yks.12 (a) Cor.1 In old Nursery Rhyme. (3) Sc. But
sic a gloom on ae browhead, SCOTT Minstrelsy 1802) I. 321, ed.
1848. (4) Shr.1 Obs. Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
2. Hatting term : a cast or model of the head; the brim
of a hat. Chs.1
3. A hill, steep slope or incline. Cf. brae.
Sh.I. Wi dis he linns him on a broo, BURGESS Rasmie (1892) 70.
Abd. The gentles come in view, A' in a breast upon a bonny brow,
Ross Helenore (1768! 105, ed. 1812. Cum. Wee Wully wuns on
yonder brow, ANDERSON Ballads ( 1808) 64. w.Cnm. When there's
sac monny broos it's hard wark bicycling (S.K.C.) ; Cum.1 Wm.
It's a hard pu' up t'broo (B.K.). m.Yks.1 w.Yks. (C.W.H.) ;
w.Yks.5 Lan. It's bin a stiff poo up that broo, WAUGH Chimn.
Corner (1874) aal> gd. 1879. e.Lan.1, Glo.2, Brks.1 w.Som.1 Dhu
aewz du stan- pun u bruw luyk [the house stands on a hill, as it
were].
Hence Brooy, adj. being on the edge or side of a hill.
Cum.1
4. In phr. going down the broo, fig. said of any one whose
health or fortune is breaking, &c.
Lan. Aw've thowt a greit whoile that tha wur gooin deawn th'
broo very fast, WOOD Hum. Sketches, 5. Chs.1
6. The face or escarpment of a ' trouble ' or dyke in
a coal-mine ; the front of the depressed roof at a ' dip
hitch.'
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
6. The brushwood overhanging the outside of a ditch.
Dor1
7. One of a stag's antlers ; also in comp. Brow-antlier,
•point.
n.Dev. Brow, Bay, and Tray, I tell 'ee, with four on the top,
WHYTE-MELVILLE Katerfelto (1875^ xxii ; Above the 'burr' came
the brow-antlier, now the brow-point, JEFFERIES Red Deer (1884)
iv ; Close to the head a point springs from the beam, and is curved
upwards ; this is called the brow-point, ib.
8. v. To face, browbeat.
Slk. I wad rather brow a' the Ha's and the Howards afore I
beardit you, HOGG Perils of Man (1822) I. ai (JAM.).
BROW
BROWN
BROW, aaj. and sb.3 Glo. Hmp. I.W. Wil. Dor.
Written brough Glo.1 [breu, Glo. also bref]
1. adj. Brittle, easily broken ; fragile. Cf. bruff, adj.1
Glo.12 Hmp.1 In the New Forest applied only to short, snapper,
splintering timber of a bad quality. I.W.1 Wil. BRITTON Beauties
(1825% n.Wil. This 'ere stick's terrible brow (E.H.G.). Wil.1
Dor. (C.W.B.) ; In common use (O.P.C.) ; (C.Vf.)
2. sb. A fragment. n.Wil. (W.C.P.), Wil.1
BROW, v.2 e.An. To clear away rough grass and
brambles. Hence Brewings, vbl. sb. the rubbish collected
after clearing away grass and brambles.
e-An.1 Nrf. Arch. (1879) VIII. 168.
BROW, see Brough.
BROWARD, see Breward.
BROWDEN, v. and adj. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Also written
broodin Nhb.1 ; browten Sc.
1. v. To be fond of, warmly attached to ; to be intent,
set upon.
Sc. The millart never notic'd Tarn, Sae browden'd he the ba',
SKINNER Poems (1809) 10. Bnff.1 With prep, in : They're unco
browdent up in thir family. Abd. O'er browdened o' the warld
she was aye, Ross Helenore (1768) 44, ed. 1812 ; He was sae
browden'd upon't that he was like to smore us wi' the very ewder
o't, FORBES Jrn. (1742) 14. Lnk. Sair browten't on him was her
he'rt, HAMILTON Poems (1865) 35. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Yks. Wee'r nut
sea browden on't as you suppose, MERITON Praise Ale (1684) 1. 539.
2. To pet, pamper.
Bnff.1 They browden [or browden up] that lassie o' theirs our
muckle.
Hence Browdent, ppl. adj. petted, pampered.
it. He's a browdent [or browdent up] loon, that. He winna
gang fae's mither's side.
3. adj. Conceited, bold, forward, self-willed.
S. & Ork.1 Applied to a child at the breast. It's time to wean
the bairn, for it's getting browden upo' the breast. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
[Browden is prop, a pp., being the same as OE. brogden,
pp. of bregdan, to interweave, to net. From browden
(netted) comes the fig. sense ' attached to, fond of.' The
vb. browden (to be fond of) is a late formation fr. the pp.}
BROWE, see Browl.
BROWIS, see Brewis.
BROWL, sb. and adj. Cum. Yks. Also in forms brole
n.Yks.1 ; browfe Cum. Wm. ; bro Wm.1
1. sb. An impudent, rude child ; a ' brat.'
Cum. Very common (J.P.) ; Cum.1 n.Yks.1; n.Yks.2 A brazzened
browl (s.v. brazzen'd). m-Yks.1
2. adj. Saucy, impertinent ; handsome, clever.
Cum. LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 298. Wm.1
[The same as ME. brol,brolle (P. Plowman (B.) HI. 204).]
BROWL, v. Yks. To scold, to urge a demand in
violent or abusive terms. Cf. browl, sb.
n.Yks.1 m.Yks.1 Going browling about in that ga'te — t'man's no
hold of himself.
BROWLT, adj. N.I.1 Deformed or bowed in the
legs ; gen. applied to a pig, young dog, or calf.
BROWN, adj. and so. Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Also written broon Nhb.1 Cum. Wm.
1. adj. In comb, (i) Brown-back, (a) a quarryman
whose clothes are brown ; (b) the fernAsplenium ceterach;
(2) -beetle, see -clock ; (3) — bess, a name given to the
old flint-lock guns ; (4) -bill, a brown painted halberd,
formerly carried by foot-soldiers and watchmen ; (5)
•bird, the thrush; (6) -clock, a cockchafer, Melolantha
vulgaris; (7) — cream, spirituous liquor; (8) — crops,
pulse crops, beans, peas, &c. ; (9) -deep, lost in reflection ;
(10) — George or — Geordie, (a) coarse brown bread ;
(b) obs., a small close wig with a single row of curls ; (c)
a large earthen pitcher; (n) — gled, the hen harrier,
Circus cyaneus ; (12) — gull, the common skua, Stercorarius
catarrhactes ; (13) — hawk, (a) the marsh-harrier, Circus
aentginosus ; (b) the kestrel, Tinnunculus alaudarius ; (14)
•head, the froth or head rising to the top of beer; (15)
•headed duck, the golden-eye duck, Clangula glaucion ;
(16) —hen, (a) the black grouse, Tetrao tetrix; (b) a base
mineral found mixed with lead ore ; (17) — kite, see
— gled; (18) — Janet, a knapsack; (19) — kitty or
VOL. I.
kitty-wren, the wren, Troglodytes parvulns ; (20) — linnet,
the common linnet, Linota cannabina; (21) — money,
coppers; (22) — net, (a) the fig-vtort,Scrophulariaaquatica;
(b) the brown nettle, -S. nodosa ; (23) — owl or — hoolet,
the tawny owl, Syrnium aluco ; (24) -paper man, a low
gambler ; (25) -porringer, a large brown earthenware jar ;
(26) — rock,strata in LightmoorWinsey Pit ; (27) -shelters
or -shillers, ripe hazel-nuts; (28) -shell-nut, a brown-
rinded apple; (29) — stud, a brown study, state of
abstraction ; (30) — swallow, the swift, Cypselus apus ;
(31) — Tommy, see — George; (32) -wort, the fig- or
throat-wort, Scrophularia nodosa ; (33) — yogle, the snort-
eared owl, Asia brachyotus.
(i, a) eXan.1 (b) Dev.4 [So called] in reference to the colour
on the back of the fronds. (2) Der.1 (3) Wm. Tak t'auld Broon
Bess wi us an" shut a wild duck er tweea (B.K.). War.3 (4) Sc.
A property belonging neither to Spanish pike, brown-bill, ... or
indeed any other modern staff-weapon whatever, SCOTT Leg. Mont.
(1830) xxi. (5) Sus.1 (6) w.Yks.2, Der.1, n.Lln.1 (7) w.Yks. A
cup o' good tea, wi a sup o' brahn creeam in it, to strengthen it,
HALLAM Wadsley Jack (1866) 15 ; T'braan cream went raand e full
force, Dewsbre Olm. (1865)8. (8) Glo. Gl. (1851); MARSHALL
Rur. Econ. (1789) ; Glo.1 (9) Ken.1 (10, a) Nhb.1 Cum. Now
seldom seen. It was made of barley and rye meal mixed, and
leavened by a piece of soured dough, saved from the previous
week's baking (J.P.). Wm. A lump o' broon Geordy and Dutch
cheese fer t'supper (B.K.). w.Yks.2 I/an. A krust o' breawn
George, Axox Fib-Sag. (1870) 28. Chs.1, Shr.2 (b; Nhp.1 Worn
by, and so named after, King George the Third. Obs. Slang. He
looked disdainfully at the wig, ... one of the description commonly
known during the latter half of the last century by the name of a
Brown George, BARHAM Ingoldsby (ed. 1864). (c) Dev. w. Times
(Mar. 12, 1886) 6, col. 4 ; Dev.1 (n) Sc.SwAiNSONBiVrfs( 1885) 132.
(12) [ib. 210.] (13, «)Ir. ib. 131. (6) Glo.1 (14) w.Som. Pour the
liquor into a tub to kive, and when the brown-head which will
rise on it sooner or later begins to crack, MARSHALL Review (1817)
V. 603. (15) Nhb.1 (16, a) Nhb.1 Also called black cock and black
game. (b) Der. Brown-henns, budles, and soughs, MANLOVE
LeadMine 5(1653) 1.260. (i7)[SwAiNSON, 132.] (i 8) Lugs up Brown
Janet on his back, PICKEN Poems (1788) 158 (JAM.). (19) Nhb.1
(20) Nhb.1, War.8 w.Wor. Berrow's Jrn. (Mar. 3, 1888). Shr.1
(21) Ir. He would willingly give a shilling for a copper ; but the
more ' broun money 'he got the better, Flk-LoreRec. (1881) IV. 115.
(22) Dev.4 (23) Nrf. COZENS- HARDY Broad Nrf . (1893) 45. Wil.
SMITH Birds (1887). [SWAINSON Birds (1885) 129.] (24) Lon.
What we call only ' brown paper men,' low gamblers— playing for
pence,and is. being a great go, MAYHEW Land. Labour(i85i) I. 450.
(25) e.Yks.1 What a big heead he hez ; it's as fur roond as a broon-
porringer. (26) Shr. MARSHALL Review (1818) II. 199. (27)
w.Yks. As hungry as hunters, crackin' away at ther braan shillers,
TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1866) 31 ; w.Yks.24, s.Chs.1,
Lin.1, sw.Lin.1, War.2 Shr.1 1 got a pocketle o' nuts o' Sunday, an'
they wun aumust all brown sheelers ; Shr.2 (28) Dor. BARNES
Gl. (1863). (29) s.Hmp. Job, who was standing looking at them
in a ' brown stud,' VERNEY L. Lisle (1870) vi. w.Som.1 What's the
matter, Liz ? — you be all to a brown slid. (30) Rnf. SWAINSON
Birds (1885) 96. (31) Lan. 'A two-pund loaf, mester.' ' Which
win yo' have — white or brown ?' ' Oh, brown-tommy— it's good
enough fort'childer.' Chs.1 (32) Cor.1 The leaves are much used
as an application to ulcers ; Cor.2 (33) Sh.I. SWAINSON Birds
(1885) 129.
2. In phr. (i) Brown man of the moors, a dwarf,
subterranean elf; (2) milk from the brown cow, rum in
tea ; (3) to play or boil brown, used of broth or soup when
rich ; (4) to look brown at one, to look at with indifference,
as if in a brown study.
(i) Sc. The Brown Man of the Muirs is a fairy of the most
malignant order, the genuine duergar, SCOTT Minstrelsy (1802) II.
394 (JAM.). (2) w.Yks.3 (s.v. Slither). (3) Sc. Did she [the witch]
but once hint that her pot ' played nae brown,' ... a piece of meat
was presented to her, Remains Nithsdale, 289 (JAM.). (4) Abd.
Tho' now he looks on me fu' brown, SHIRREFS Poems (1790) 291.
3. Gloomy, dull.
Wil.1 A brown day.
4. sb. Ale or porter.
Abd. Swig a pint o' stoutest brown To you an" yours, STILL
Cottar (1845) 136. Ayr. Barrils fou o' nappy brown, Ballads (1846)
I. 120. Lth. Nips or caups of foaming broon, LUMSDEN Sheephead
(1892) 143.
3"
BROWNIE
[418]
BROWSELLS
5. A covey of partridges ; in phr. to fire or shoot into the
brown, to fire promiscuously into a covey.
Nrf. Very common (H.C.-H.). [MAYER Sptsmris Direct. (1845)
"He
lence Brown, v. to shoot into the midst of a covey.
Nrf. The last covey twisted up and you browned them, HAGGARD
Col. Quarilch (1888) II. viii ; (H.C.-H.)
BROWNIE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Also _Hmp. Cor.
Also written broonie Sc. Nhb.1 [Sc. n.Cy. bnrni.J
1. A household sprite or fairy who performed kind ser-
vices at night ; so called from its supposed dark colour.
Sc. One might almost believe in brownies and fairies, SCOTT
Waverley (1814) Ixxi. Inv. (H.E.F.) Kcd. Ghaists wad stalk, an'
brownies frolic, GRANT Lays (1884) 108. Ayr. Bogles, broonies,
spunkies, and water-kelpies frae the dusk, SERVICE Notandums
(1890) 99. Lnk. Brownies, warlocks, ghaists, or deils, THOMSON
Musings (1881) 61. Bwk. Cranshaws was the habitation of an
industrious brownie, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 65. Gall.
Though the ' Brownie of Blednoch ' lang be gane, NICHOLSON Hist.
7a/«(i843-)84. N.Cy.1 Nhb., Dur.BRANoPoA _4«/<?.(ed. 1849) II.
488. Nhb.1 n.Yks.2 Now seldom heard of in these parts. Cor.
In some places the assistance of ' brownies * is still entreated when
the bees begin to swarm, WHITCOMBE Bygone Days (1874) 156;
Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 423.
Hence (i) Brownie-bae, sb. a brownie ; (2) Brownie's
stone, sb. an altar dedicated to a brownie. Obs.
(i) Bch. But there come's Robie . . . How wild he glowrs, like
some daft brownie-bae, TARRAS Poems (1804) 3 (JAM.), (a) w.Sc.
There is a flat thin stone, called Brownie's Stone, upon which the
antient inhabitants offered a cow's milk every Sunday, MARTIN
West. Islands (1716) 67 (JAM.).
2. The brown linnet, Linota cannabina.
e. Dur.1 Singing competitions of these birds are always advertised
as Brownie matches.
3. A bee.
Hinp. ' Low brown ' is the phrase used when bees swarm,
meaning that the bees, or brownies, are to settle low, WISE New
Forest (1883) 185; Hmp.1
[1. Of browneis and of bogillis full this buke, DOUGLAS
Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, HI. 2. (Ruddiman (in ed. 1710)
remarks, 'They were a kind of ghosts . . . not only harmless
but very useful, . . . they did not stick at the meanest
drudgery. They are now become exceedingly rare.
Their hard labour and mean employment made them
of a swarthy or tanny colour, whence they got the name
of brownies'; quoted in Notes (ed. 1874) in. 353.)]
BROWN-KITUS, sb. Sc. Cum. Yks. Hrf. Nrf. Sur.
Dev. Also in form broon-kitus Cum.; broun-keddies
Sc. ; brown-chitus w.Yks. Sur.1 ; -kites Hrf.2 ; -kitties,
-kitty Dev. Bronchitis. See Brown-Titus.
e.Sc. She has a sair fecht wi' thae broun-keddies i' saft weather,
SETOUN R. Urquhart (1896) ii. Cum. I dui think broon-kitus is a sad
thing for an elderly body i^M.P.X w.Yks. If it wasn't for that bit
o' brownchitus, sha'd be as sound as a trout (F.P.T.). Hrf.2 Nrf.
The doctor say as how the brownchitis and the asthma ha' met
together (W.R.E.). Sur.1 Dev. I've ahad tha brownkitty drefful
bad, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) ; It took off my father wi' a brown-
kitties, BARING GOULD Idylls (1896) 58. [A tailor got very ill with
a severe attack of bronchitis, — or, as it is called, of the ' brown-
katies,' Spectator (Nov. 30, 1887).]
BROWN-LEAMER, sb. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Also Dev. Also written -leemer Dur.1 Cum.1
n.Yks.1 ne.Lan.1; -limer Dev.; and in form -leeming Wm.1
w.Yks.1
1. A hazel-nut, when ripe and ready to fall out of the
husk. Also called Brown-shiller (q.v.). See Learner, sb.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Dur.1, Cum.1, Wm.1, n.Yks. (I.W.), n.Yks.12,
ne.Yks.1 w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to CavesfiiSi) ; w.Yks.1, ne.Lan >,
nw.Dev. (R.P.C.)
Hence (i) Brown-leeming-nut, sb. a ripe hazel-nut;
(2) Brown-lime or -limed, adj. applied to common hedge-
nuts when they are easily removable from the husk.
(i) w.Yks. GRAiNGENidderdale (1863) 225 ; LUCAS Stud. Nidder-
dale (c. 1882). (a) nw.Dev.1
2. Fig. A generous person. Nhb.1
BROWN-TITUS, sb. Yks. Lan. Rut. War. Hrf. Oxf.
Ken. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Also in form braan Titus
w.Yks.; brantitis Wil. Som.; bran-Titus nw.Dev.1;
breawn-Titusm.Lan.1; brontitisHrf^Rut.1; browntitis,
brown typhus w.Yks.3 Also occas. called Brown-creeper,
•creeters n.Lin.1; -gaiters, Sur. N. & Q. (1890) ?th S. x.
285. See Brown-kitus. Bronchitis.
w.Yks. Th' braan Titus or th' small pox or summat o' that sooart,
HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1872) Pref. ; w.Yks.3, mXan.1, Rut.1, War.
(J.R.W.'i, Hrf.2 s.Oxf. That's the browntitis as 'ee's got, ROSEMARY
Chiltents (1895) 163. Ken. (P.M.) n.Wll. He've a got this here
brantitus (E.H.G.). Dor. I've a-cotched the browntitis too, HARI:
Vill. Street (1895) 244. Som. SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885'.
w.Som.1 Braewn-tuytees, buurn-tuytees. nw.Dev.1 Common.
BROWN TYPHUS, see Brown-Titus.
BROWS, see Breward.
BROWSE, sb.1 and v.1 Nhp. War. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Hrt.
Hnt. Hmp. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written brouse
Nhp.1 Shr.12 Hrf.12 Glo.1 Dor. Cor.1; browst Glo.1; browze
Dev. [braus, brauz, breus.]
1. sb. Brushwood, hedge-clippings, young furze,
brambles, &c. Cf. brash, sb.2
Nhp.1 Shr.1 Obsol. ; Shr.2 Hrf.1 1 did na take the faggots: it was
only some bits of brouse anunt the stack ; Hrf.2, Glo.1, Hnt. (T.P.F.)
Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863*). w.Som.1 Dev. A vaggot o' browse thit
was there ready vor th' oven, PASMORE Stories (1892) 8; MORTON
Cyclo. Agric. (1863). n.Dev. Jan, clare tha 'cess ... an' bring tha
browze, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) St. 4. nw.Dev.1 Dev., Cor. I'll
stand here till it boils. Shove in some browse, BARING-GOULD
Cy. Life \ 1890) vi. Cor. 'Mong the fuz and browse, HICHAM Dial.
(1866) 6; Cor.123
2. Comp. (i) Browse-hook, a hook about half the length
of an ordinary sickle, used for trimming hedges ; (2) -line,
the height to which cattle can reach to bite; (3) -tree,
a tree of which the head and branches have been cut off;
(4) -wood, (a) underwood ; (b) young shoots of trees eaten
by cattle.
(i) nw.Dev.1 The hook used for the tops of high hedges is
provided with a long handle, and is known as a long-handled
browse-hook. (2) Hrf.2 Trim them apple-trees . . . just above the
brouse-line. (3) Nhp.1 (4, a) Hmp. The cutting of browse-wood
admits of many depredations, MARSHALL Review (1817) V. 290.
(b) Hrt. ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) VII. ii. [Carry the deer plenty
of browse-wood, MAYER Sptsmn's Direct. (1845) 30.]
3. A thicket.
Cor. ./V. If Q. (1874) sth S. i. 434; Cor.12
4. v. To trim the hedges, cut away the brambles and
other undergrowth. w.Som.1, nw.Dev.1
Hence (i) Browsing, vbl. sb. (a) trimming hedges;
(b) the feeding-rack in a cow-hovel ; see Boosing ; (2)
Browsing-gloves, sb. gloves made of tanned leather, used
in trimming hedges ; (3) Browsy, adj. full of brushwood.
(i, a) Dev. Coachman-gardener, pointing to a man trimming
a hedge, said, ' They call that browsing ' ; and said the little
bundles of twigs were called 'nickies' (q.v.), Reports Provinc.
(1889). (6) Nhp.2 (2) nw-Dev.1 (ss, Nhp.1 War.3 Rough and
inferior fodder is called browsy stuff. Hrt. The browsy heads of
oaks, ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) VII. i.
[Browse or brouce, the tops of the branches of trees
that cattle usually feed on, WORLIDGE (1681); If thou
have any trees to shrede, . . . croppe them in wynter,
that thy beastes maye eate the brouse, FITZHERBERT
Husb. (1534) 84. A der. of Fr. brouser, to brouze, knap,
nibble off; leaves, buds, &c. (CoTGR.).]
BROWSE, sb.2 Cor. Bruised fish used as bait.
Cor.1 I'll pommel thy noddle to browse.
BROWSE, v.2 Suf. To crouch, ' croodle,' used of
human beings or animals.
Snf. Very common. He sits browsing over the fire (F.H.).
BROWSE, adj. Cum. Friable, mellow.
Cum. Not common (J.P.); Cum.1 You may begin to sow, for
t'land's browse now ; Cum.2
BROWSELLS, sb. pi. Ken. [breu'zlz.] The remains
of the ' fleed ' (q.v.) of a pig, after the lard has been
extracted by boiling. Cf. scratchings.
Ken. Very common (P.M.) ; (D.W.L.) ; Browsels find a ready
sale in lieu of butter to eat with bread (G.G.) ; Ken.12
[Prop. ' coagulations.' Fr. 'broussailles, der. of Fr. dial.
brousser: ' le lait se brousse, au lieu de, se caille ' (LITTRE,
s.v. Brousse) ; Prov. broussa, ' reduire en caillebottes, en
BROWST
[419]
BRUFFLE
parlant du lait,' brousso, ' caillebotte, masse de lait caille '
( MISTRAL).]
BROWST, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. [brust.] A brewing,
as much malt liquor as is brewed at one time ; also used
Jig., the consequences of one's own act. See Brewster.
Sc. Stay and drink of your ain browst, RAMSAY Prov. (1737) ;
Mony a browst I hae brewed, SCOTT St. Ronan (1824) xxviii.
Or.I. (S.A.S.) Elg. Bob brew'd a special browst for you, TESTER
Poems (1865) 122. Abd. She tarrows at the browst that she had
brown, Ross Helenore ( 1 768) 65, ed. 1812. Frf. Ae day a special
browst was brewin', WATT Sketches (1880) 22. e.Fif. She brews
a browst of black lookin' graith, LATTO T. Bodkin (1864) viii. Ayr.
She wadna trow't, the browst she brewed Wad taste sae bitterlie,
BURNS Daddie Forbad. e.Lth. I'm thinkin it wull be an ill browst
for the Leeberal pairty, HUNTER J. Intvick (1895) 143. N.Cy.1,
Nhb.1 n.Yks.2 The bigger the brewing, the better the browst.
BROWST, see Browse.
BROWSTER, see Brewster.
BROWSY, adj. Glo. Dev. Ol a ruddy complexion ;
robust.
Glo.1 The browsiest of your daughters came to see me. Dev.
Idden 'er a dear browsy cheel ? HEWETT Peas. Sf. (1892).
BROWTENS-UP, see Broughting-up.
BROWTHY, adj. Cor. Of bread: light, spongy.
Cor. N. & Q. (1854) ist S. x. 179 ; Cor.12
BROY, adj. Obsol. Pern. Brittle. See Brow.
s.Pem. This stick wonna do, 'tis broy (W. M.M.).
BROYANT, sb. Mtg. (B. & H.) 1. The black bryony,
Tamus communis, used to rub on the joints of animals,
esp. pigs, that are lame. 2. A disease in the joints
of pigs. [Not known to our correspondents.]
BROYCH, see Broach.
BRU, see Broo.
BRUARD, BRUART, see Breward.
BRUB, v. Sc. QAM.) [Not known to our correspon-
dents.] To check, restrain, oppress.
BRUCH, sb. Obs. Nhb.1 A toad-stool, a fungus.
[Bruche, as the Northern Englishmen call it, a todstole,
... in a birche or a walnut tre, TURNER Herbal (1562) II. 30.]
BRUCH, see Brough.
BRUCHLE, v. Sc. To wrap or muffle up a person in
an untidy manner. Always with prep. up.
Bnff.1 The mannie's a' bruchlt up aboot the neck.
Hence (i) Bruchlan, vbl. sb. wrapping up closely and
untidily ; (2) Bruchle-up, sb. wrapping up.
Bnff.1 The've an aul' bruchle-up o' that bairn o' thirs ilky time it
they gang oot wee't.
BRUCK, v. and sb. Sc. Irel. Also written bruk Sh.I.
1. v. To smash in pieces. Cf. bruckle. S. & Ork.1
2. Comp. Bruck(e)-bread, oatcake made with fat, which
renders it brittle.
Uls. N. 6- Q. (1876) sth S. vi. 358.
3. sb. Gen. in pi. Refuse, rubbish ; broken pieces of
wood ; broken meat ; the offals of fish or of cattle.
Sh.I. Da midden, whar frae haand He flings da bruk, BURGESS
Rasmie (1891) 122. S. & Ork.1
BRUCK, BRUCKIT, see Brook.
BRUCKLE, actj^v.1 and sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Also
Brks. Ken. Hmp. I.W. Wil. Dor. Som. Also written brukkle
Brks.1; brukle Dur.; brukyl (JAM.), [bnrkl, bnrkl.]
1. adj. Brittle, fragile, friable. Also fig. uncertain,
changeable, not trustworthy. Cf. brock, sb?, bruck. See
also Brackle, Brickie, Brockle.
Sc. My things are but in a bruckle state, SCOTT Waverley (1814)
Ixvii ; Lasses and glasses are bruckle ware, HENDERSON Prov.
(1832) 62. Rxb. Right bruckle weather, RIDDELL Poet. Wks.
(ed. 1871) II. 166. N.I.1 Ant. Bruckle health, Ballymena Obs.
1,1892). N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Dur. T'weather was brukle like, EGGLE-
STONE Betty Podkin's Visit (1877) 5 ; GIBSON Weardale Gl. (1870).
n.Yks.12, Brks.1, Ken.1, Hmp.1, I.W.1 2 Dor. This vinny [cheesej's
got quite bruckle (H.J.M.) ; We be bruckle folk here, HARDY
Casterbridge ( ed. 1895) viii. Som. JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng. (1869).
Hence (i) Bruckleness, s6. the state of being 'bruckle';
(2) Bruckly (broklie), adj. brittle, friable ; Jig. uncertain ;
(3) Bruckly, adv. in a brittle manner.
(i) Sc. (JAM.) n.Yks. (I.W.) Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial.
w.Eng. ^1825). (a) Sc. Said of the weather ;JAM.). S. & Ork.1
Used in fig. sense, n. Yks. (I.W.) Wil. SLOW Gl. (1893) ; Wil.1
n.Wil. I be afeard to touch on "em, they be so bruckly (E. H.G.).
Dor. (O.P.C.) Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J.
Gl. (1873) ; SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885). (3) Cld. (JAM.)
2. Of cattle and horses : given to breaking down fences.
Dor. (C.W.B.)
Hence Bruckley, adj. Of cattle : given to breaking
down fences.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
3. v. To crumble away, to break off easily, gen. used
with off, or away.
S. & Ork.1 Wil.1 Applied to some kinds of stone which crumble
away when exposed to the weather, also to the dead leaves on
a dry branch of fir. Dor. (C.W.) ; (O.P.C.)
Hence Bruckling, ppl. adj. friable, crumbling.
n.Wil. The wall is built of very bruckling stone (W.C.P.).
4. sb. A quantity of broken pieces of rock, or other
hard stuff.
Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863).
[1. In hewine eftyre bis brukil lyf, Alexis (c. 1400) 129,
in Leg. Saints, ed. Metcalfe, I. 444. A der. of wk. stem of
OE. brecan (break).]
BRUCKLE, v? Obs. Nhb. Also e.An. To make
dirty. See Brook, v.2 N.Cy.12, Nhb.1
Hence Bruckled, ppl. adj. (i) Of the face : grimy,
besmeared ; (2) of the weather : wet and dirty, stormy.
(i) N.Cy.2, Nhb.1 e.An.1 That child's hands are all over
bruckled. [GROSE (1790).] (2) N.Cy.1
[We commonly say to dirty children that the gardener
will sow leeks in their faces ; we may more truly tell
our bruckled professours that the devill will sow tares
in their souls, GRIFFIN Doctrine of the Asse (1663) 12.]
BRUCKLE-HEARTED, adj. Dor. Also in form
buckle- e.Dor. Of cabbage plants : ' blind,' having no
central shoot. Cf. buck-hearted. Dor. (C.V.G.); (H.J.M.)
e.Dor. (O.P.C.)
BRUCKLES, sb. pi. Sc.
1. Carex stellulata, the prickly-headed carex.
Bnff.1 Also called brochars and stars. Bch., Abd. Obsol. The
dwellers in the parish of Strichen used to be nicknamed ' bruckle-
strippers' (W.M.).
2. Juncus squarrosus, bent. Abd.
BRUD, sb. S. & Ork.1 [brud.] A track or path.
BRUD, v. Nhb.1 Also in form brod. To separate
peas from beans by means of a ' riddle.'
BRUDDY, see Broody.
BRUDE, see Brood.
BRUDLE, see Broodle.
BRUFF, sb.1 Obsol. n.Yks. [bruf.] The brow of a
hill. Cf. brow. n.Yks. (T.S.) ; n.Yks.2
BRUFF, sb.2 Yks. A glimpse, a hasty glance.
e.Yks. All but obs. ^R.S.) ; e.Yks.1 Ah didn't see mich on him,
Ah nobbot just gat a bruff.
BRUFF, adj.1 Dor. [bnsf.] Brittle. Cf. brow, adj.
Dor. (H.J.M.) ; (O.P.C.) ; N. & Q. (1883) 6th S. vii. 366 ; Gl.
(1851) ; BARNES Gl. (1863).
BRUFF, adj.* Irel. Wm. Yks. Lan. Wor. e.An. Ken.
Sus. Also in form brumf N.I.1 [bruf, brBf.]
1. Well and hearty, in appearance and manners; healthy-
looking; jolly.
n.Yks.1, ne.Yks.1, w.Yks.5, e.Lan.1, e.An.1, Nrf.1, Suf.1
2. Somewhat rough and blunt in manner ; hence,
consequential, proud.
N.I.1, Wm.1, n.Yks.i.ne.Yks.1, w.Yks.1, ne-Lan.1 Wor. (J.R.W.) ;
Well, yer needna be sa bruff, I ony axed tha (W.B.). Ken.
(P.M.); Ken.1, Sus.1
BRUFF, v. and sb? Wm. Yks. Lin. [bruf.]
1. v. To cough or breathe violently.
Wm.1 He did nowt bit bruff an' cough au night. w.Yks.1, n.Lin.1
2. sb. A short, deep cough. Wm. (J.H.)
BRUFF, see Brough.
BRUFFLE, v. and sb. Sc. Cum. Also written brughle
(JAM.), [bni'fl.]
1. v. To exert oneself violently, to get overheated with
exertion.
Per., Dmf. He's brughlin' up the brae (JAM.).
2. sb. Excitement. Cum.1
3H2
BRUG
[420]
BRUMP
BRUG, sb. S. & Ork.1 A sandy, mossy, or heathery
hillock.
BRUGGLE, v. Glo. [bnrgl.] To struggle, make
strenuous efforts. Cf. brogle.
Glo.1 We've bruggled through this 'ere job some'ow.
BRUGH, sb.1 Sc. Also written brogh S. & Ork.1
[brux, brox-] A town, borough ; esp. the nearest town.
S. & Ork.1 Bch. A man gaun to the broch met me (G.W.). Abd.
When they had a pretty large order, they should go to the Broch
or elsewhere for it, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) 187. Per. In
occas. use (G.W.). Rnf. They're up in brugh and toun, ALLAN Ev.
Hours (1836) 84. Ayr. The ancient brugh of Ayr, BURNS Brigs
(1787). Gall. (A.W.)
Hence Brughman, sb. burgher, citizen.
Sc. Ye brugh-men good, DRUMMOND Muckomachy (1846) 3.
[The same as E. borough, OE. burk.]
BRUGH, sb? Sc. Also written broch Slg. A struc-
ture of prehistoric times, popularly supposed to have
been built by the Picts (JAM.).
Per. An ancient cave dwelling is here called the Broch (G.W.).
[The many houses and villages in this countey which
are called by the name of Brogh, WALLACE Desc. Orkney
(1693) 26. ON. borg, stronghold.]
BRUGHLE, see Bruffle.
BRUGHTIN, see Brautin.
BRUICK, see Brook.
BRUICK-BOIL, sb. n.Sc. QAM.) An inflamed tumour
or swelling of the glands under the arm.
BRUIK(IE, BRUIKIT, see Brook(ie.
BRUIL, see Broil.
BRUILIE, BRUIL YIE, BRUILZIE, see Brulyie.
BRUDJD, see Brund.
BRUIT, sb. and v. Sc. Lan. Also written brout Sc.
1. sb. Rumour, noise.
Sc. For such evil bruits Mr. Touchwood cared not, SCOTT St.
Ronan (i824)xxviii ; The cannons loudly fire : Contagion spreads
wi' ilka brout, SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 17. Ayr. Making such
a bruit as could not be surpassed for grandeur. GALT Ann. Parish
(1821) xliv. Lan. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) [Much bruit
little fruit, RAY Prov. (,1678) 106.]
2. v. To report, to publish.
Ayr. A sound was bruited about that the king's forces would have
a hot and sore trouble, GALT Ann. Parish (1821) xviii. Lan.
DAVIES Races (1856) 227. s.Lan. BAMFORD Dial. (.1850).
[1. All that hear the bruit of thee shall clap the hands
over thee, BIBLE Nahum iii. 19. Fr. bruit, a great sound,
the talk of people (CoxGR.). 2. I find thou art no less
than Fame hath bruited, SHAKS. i Hen. VI, n. iii. 68.]
BRUIT, see Breward.
BRUIZLE, see Brustle.
BRUK(E, see Brook.
BRUKKLE, see Bruckle.
BRUK-KNEED, adj. Sc. Broken-kneed. See
Bruck, v.
Ayr. Various animals in different conditions of equestrian de-
crepitude— high-henched, howe-backed, bruk-kneed, JOHNSTON
Kilmallie (1891) I. 87.
BRUKLE, BRUKYL, see Bruckle.
BRULIE, see Brulyie.
BRUL(LE, v. Sh.I. To low, to bellow.
Sh.I. (Coll. L.L.B.) S. & Ork.1
Hence Brulin, ppl. adj. lowing.
Sh.I. An Nicht shil wheests da brillin baess [hushes the lowing
cattle], BURGESS Rasntie (1891) 61.
[Cp. G. brullen, to bellow, to roar.]
BRULLIONS, sb.pl. e.Yks. [bnrlianz.] The kidneys
and ' heart-skirts,' of which ' brullion-pies ' are made.
e.Yks. Of cattle only, never of the pig or sheep. Can you let me
have two penn'orth o' brullions? (R.S.); e.Yks.1
BRULYIE, v.1 and sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Also
in forms broolyie, broulyie (JAM.) ; bruilie Kcb. ; bruilyie
(JAM.) ; bruilzie Abd. Fif. Edb. ; brulie Ayr. ; brully
Cum. n. Yks.2; brullye Or.I.; brulye (JAM.) ; brulzie Ayr.
Edb. Gall. ; bruoly Cum. [bruli.]
1. v. To fight, be engaged in a broil. Abd. (JAM.)
2. To make a noisy disturbance.
Cum. T'wind roars and brullies outside, DICKINSON Cumbr. (1876)
243 ; He brully't on a canny bit, ib. ' Tail' for Joe (1866) 5.
Hence Brulyiement (brulliment), sb. a disturbance,
a broil.
Fif. Ilk bluidy brulziement, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 4. N.I.1,
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Cum. Made a brulliment and bodder, ANDERSON
Ballads (1808) Jeff and Job ; Cum.1
3. sb. A commotion, disturbance ; an uproar.
Sc. (JAM. Suppl.) Or.I. When- Paety fell wi' a' this rullye, His
bairns made a fearfu' brullye, Paety Toral's Travellye in ELLIS
Pronunc. (1889) V. 794. n-Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 It's only a bit of a brully
[of the sea].
4. A quarrel, quarrelling, an affray.
Sc. They hae been as forward in a brulzie as their neighbours,
SCOTT Midlothian (1818) xv ; [He] was a gey stout birkie, and had
been in mony a brulzie, ROY Horseman (1895) i. Abd. In this
bruilzie Was the first man that drew my durk, FORBES Ajax(iT^a)
5. Fif. The bruilzie then was dour, Wi' sticks, and stanes, and
bluidy clour, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 2. Ayr. I hope we bardies
ken some better Than mind sic brulzie, BURNS To W. Simpson
(1785). Kcb. The upshot o' the bruilie, DAVIDSON Seasons (1789)
ao. Cnm. Tom bed sec a bruoly An' hey-bey wi' his weyfe,
STAGG Misc. Poems (1808) Tom Knott. Cum.1, n.Yks.12
[Fr. brouiller, to marre by mingling together, to make
a great hurliburly (CoTGR.).]
BRULYIE, v." Sc. (JAM.) Also written bruilyie. To
broil ; fig. to heat ; to be overpowered with heat.
Fif. Prop, to roast on gridiron meat that has been boiled and has
become cold. I'm brulyien' wi' heat. It bruilyies up my very
blude.
[With fyre that thame sa brulseit, BARBOUR Bruce
(1375) iv. 151. The same as lit. E. broil (to heat).]
BRUM, adj. Slang. In Winchester School : without
money, poor, stingy. Cf. brumpt.
Slang. I am dead brum (A.D.H.) ; COPE Gl. (1883).
BRUM, see Broom.
BRUMBLE, see Bramble.
BRUMF, see Bruff.
BRUMMAL, sb. Cor.3 1. The tamarisk, Tamarix. 2.
The common broom, Genista tincloria.
BRUMMAL-MOW, sb. Cor. Also written brummel-.
A round rick of corn with pointed top.
Cor. Ricks of corn . . . made in the ' arrish-fields ' where . . .
cut. These are all called ' arrish-mows,' but from their different
shapes . . . also ' brummel-mows ' and ' ped-rack-mows/ Fit-Lore
Jrn. (1886) 248 ; Cor.3 All the sheaves are placed with the ears
inwards in the lower part and outwards in the upper (s.v. Mow).
BRUMMEL, see Bramble.
BRUMMIN,/^. Fif. QAM.) Ofasovt:marisappetens.
Cf. brim.
BRUMMOCK, sb. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Rdn. [brtrmak,
brB-mak.] A short curved knife used for hedging, pruning,
and woodcutting.
w.Wor.1 Shr.1 W'eer's John Roberts gwun ? — I spect 'e's
gwun up to the uvver groun' to tine ; I sid 'im tak' 'is brummock
an' mittens an' 'is bay te-bag ; Shr.2 Shr., Hrf. BOUND Prov. (1876).
Rdn. MORGAN Wds. (1881).
[The boy brought to him a bar of iron and a broken
broom hooke, GOUGH Antiq. Myddk, Salop (1700) 36.]
BRUMP, v. and sb. e.An. [brump, brBmp.]
1. v. To collect dry sticks fallen from trees; to lop
trees.
e-An.1 Suf. To go brumping (F.H.).
2. To cut or ' stub ' up whins or furze.
Suf. e.An. Dy. Times (1892).
Hence (i) Brumper, sb. one who thievishly lops trees
in the night ; (2) Brumpin-scythe, sb. an instrument used
for cutting up whins, heather, &c.
(i) Suf.1 (a) Sut Something like an adze (F.H.) ; e.Aa. Dy.
Times (1892).
3. sb. One who lops or' stoughs' trees in the night. Nrf.
4. A faggot of wood thus collected.
e.An.1, Nrf.1 Suf. (F.H.) ; Suf.1
[Cp. Norw. dial, brum, fresh twigs from the branches
of trees, broken off for fodder (AASEN) ; Sw. dial, brumm
(RlETZ).]
BRUMPS
[421]
BRUSH
BRUMPS, sb. pi. Dev. In phr. To have the brumps,
or, a fit of the brumps. Of cattle : to rush about wildly
with their tails in the air. Cf. brims.
Dev. The cows have got the brumps, SHARLAND Ways Village
(18851 97-
BRUMPT, adj. Ken.1 [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] Bankrupt ; without money. Cf. brum.
BRUMSEN, see Brumstone.
BRUMSTONE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Also Brks. Also
in forms brumsen Nhb.1 ; brumstane Sc. ; brumstwun
Brks.1 [brirmstan.] Brimstone.
Ayr. Burning brumstane, SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887) 87. Sc.
Fire an' brumstane, RIDDELL Ps. (1857) xi. 6. Nhb.1, Dur.1, Brks.1
[Brumston be sprengd in his tabernacle, WYCLIF (1382)
Job xviii. 15.]
BRUN, sb. Lan. In phr. (i) O' their brun, (2) <7 M
same brun, of the same sort, similar.
Lan. (i) To keep company wi' some o' their brun, BRIERLEY
Irkdale (1865) 49. (2) Him an" a two-thri moore o' th" same brun,
it. Waverlow (1863) 77.
BRUN, see Bran.
BRUND, sb. Sc. (JAM.) A portion, a vestige.
Sc. Of a garment or anything completely worn out : There's no
a brund of it to the fore.
BRUND, v. Sc. Also written bruind Per. Fif.
1. To emit sparks, as flint does when struck. Hence
Bruindin, vbl. sb. the emission of sparks. (JAM.)
2. Of the eye : to sparkle, to glance ; fig. to be angry.
Per. The blink that bruindet in her e'e, CAMPBELL Sc.Prob. (1819)
I. 331 (JAM.). e.Fif. Phemie was bruindin an" bleezin' awa' juist as
gin naething cud haud her again, LATTO T. Bodkin (1894) xxix.
BRUN(D, see Brand.
BRUNDRIT, see Brandreth.
BRUNGEON, sb. Obs. Ken. A poor, neglected child,
a brat.
Ken. A beggar's brungeon (K.) ; Ken.1
BRUNGLE, sb. Cld. (JAM.) A job, a knavish bit of
business.
BRUNGLE, v. Irel. To bungle, do poor work.
n.Ir. (J.S.) Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892).
BRUNI, sb. Sh.I. Also written brunny. A round
thick cake of meal. Sh.I. (Coll. L.L.B.), S. & Ork.1
BRUNKIE, sb. Sh.I. A brown horse. S. £ Ork.1
BRUNLIN, 56. Nhb. [brtrnlin.] One who is made
a butt, or befooled.
Nhb.1 Ye needn't think yor gan to myek a brunlin o' me.
BRUNNET, sb. Dev. The fig-wort, Scrophularia
aquatica ; also S. ttodosa, brown-wort. See Brown-.
Dev. Science Gossip (1869) 27.
BRUNSEL, v. ne.Lan.1 [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] To be pompous and assuming.
BRUNT, sb. Hrt. [bnmt] An attack; used of
illness or severe cold.
Hrt. She's had a long brunt of illness (H.G.). [May seldom
passes without a brunt of cold weather, RAY Prov. (1678) 45.]
BRUNT, adj. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lin. Also Dev. [brunt,
brent.]
1. Steep, precipitous. Cf. brant.
Nhb. GROSE (1790). n.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks. HUTTON Tour
to Caves (1781).
2. Unceremonious, abrupt. Cf. brant, brent
n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 Varry shoort an brunt. m.Yks.1 He is over
brunt for some folk. Lin. MILLER & SKERTCHLY Finland (1878)
iv ; Lin.1 What a brunt chap he is. Dev. (R.P.C.)
3. Keen, eager. Per. (JAM.)
BRUNT, v. Yks. To stop, turn.
n.Yks.2 In chasing an animal : I'll brunt him.
BRUNT, see Brant
BRUNTIE, sb. Sc. [bnrnti.] A blacksmith.
Abd. Yestreen, I saunter'd o'er the gate To Bruntie wi' my
couter, COCK Simple Strains (1810) II. 118. Kcd. Auld Bruntie's
health was neist proposed, JAMIE Muse (1844) 72.
[A der. of brunt, pp. of burn, vb. Cf. burnewin.]
BRUNTLIN, sb. Bch. (JAM.) A burnt moor ; also used
attrib.
Bch. Daffin' owre the bruntlin geek, TARRAS Poems (1804) 119;
A' that skims the bruntlin soil, ib. 41.
BRUNTLIN(G, sb. Yks. [bnrntlin.]
1. A cockchafer, a black-beetle.
w.Yks. HAMILTON Nugae Lit. (1841) 357; (S.K.C.); w.Yks.2
Also called Dusty Miller.
2. A little child.
w.Yks. He doesn't seem satisfoied we his beautiful bruntlin,
BYWATER Shevvild Ann. (,1853) 14; w.Yks.2 Come here, thah
little bruntling.
BRUNTLING, adj. Yks. [bru-ntlin.] Robust and
obtrusively vigorous in manners.
m.Yks.1 A great bruntling fellow — he'd shift a horse, by the
look of him.
BRUOLY, see Brulyie.
BRURIE, sb. Sh.I. Blood. S. £ Ork.1
BRUSCH, see Brush.
BRUSH, sb.1 and v.1 In var. dial, uses in Eng. Also
in form bruss Cor.2 Cf. brash, brish.
1. sb. The branches or ' head ' of a tree. Wil.1
2. Small branches to be used as fuel, or for sticking
peas, &c.
s-Wor.1, Shr.1 Glo. (A.B.); Glo.1 n.Wil. (E.H.G.)
Hence Brushy (Brussy), adj. Of a tree: rough, having
many short branches.
Nrf. (A.G.F.) Sur. N. & Q. (1874) 5th S. i. 361 ; Sur.1
3. A short faggot made of brushwood ; freq. called
brush-faggot.
Ken. Also used for forming a shelter or ' lew ' for the ewes in
lambing time (P.M.).
4. A thicket. Cor.2 (s.v. Browse).
5. Hedge-clippings. e.Yks.1
6. A bunch of flowers.
Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 423 ; Cor.13
7. Stubble of wheat or leguminous crops.
Chs.1 s-Chs.1 Uwiit brush [oat stubble]. Stf.1, War. (J.R.W.),
s.Wor. (H.K.) Shr.1 Of leguminous crops only.
8. Comp. (i) Brush-crop, (2) -wheat, a crop sown on
stubble, directly after a similar crop.
(i) Hrf. If this brush crop produces somewhat more than half
the quantity yielded by the fallow, the grower is satisfied, MARSHALL
Review (1818) II. 324. (2) Chs. He is also restrained from sowing
brush-wheat, ib. II. 19; Chs.1 The sowing of two white or corn
crops in succession is prohibited in most farm agreements. It was
customary for the outgoing tenant to take two-thirds of the crop
if the wheat were grown after a bare fallow ; one-half if after any
kind of green crop ; but if it were brush wheat only one-third.
Frequently the outgoing tenant would stick a small branch of hazel
or other bush on the top of every other stook, then they each
knew which were their own. s.Chs.1
9. A primitive kind of harrow, made by weaving branches,
of thorn into a gate or hurdle ; also in comp. Brush-
harrow ; cf. bush, sb.1 4, and bush-harrow.
n.Yks. Gan ower t'manure wi' t'brush-harrow (I.W.). w-Som.1
Used for harrowing pasture in the spring.
10. v. In shooting : to beat the coverts ; hence, to
disturb, drive away.
n.Lin.1 Brush that theare hen ooto'th' stick-hill. e. An.1, Suf. (F.H.)
Hence (i) Brusher, sb. a beater ; (2) Brushing, vbl. sb.
beating the coverts.
(i) Suf. (F.H.) (2) e-An.1 A day's brushing with the governor.
11. To trim off rough growth from a tree, a hedge, the
sides of a ditch, or path.
w.Yks. (J.T.) ; w.Yks.1, Chs.1 s.Chs.1 Dhai sen dhu Maa-rkwis)l
bi kiim-in raaynd ufoa'r liingg ; bur ahy rae-li dii)nu waan-t im to
kiim tii mahy bongk dhfln ahy)v got'n mi ej-iz brusht Q bit [They
sen the Marquis 'ull be comin' raind afore lung ; bur I raly dunna
want him to come to my bonk than I've gotten my hedges brushed
a bit]. s.Not. (J.P.K.), n-Lin.1 sw-Lin.1 To brush out the dykes.
War. (J.R.W.), Shr.1, Nrf.1, Suf. (F.H.) Ken. For brushing
the footpath, is. orf., Warehorne Highniay-bk. (June 29, 1809);
Also in regard to underwood which has been allowed to grow for
hop-poles, the term is applied to the cutting away of the rough
brambles, bushes, and lateral branches near the ground, which is
necessary before the cutting down of the poles is attempted (P.M. ) ;
Ken.1, Sur.1
Hence Brushing(s, sb. small branches ; the trimmings
off' hedges after ' brushing.'
Cum.1, Chs.1, n-Lin.1, War. (J.R.W.) Nrf. Nrf. Arch. (1879)
VIII. 168. Ken. (P.M.)
BRUSH
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BRUST
12. Comp. (i) Brushing (Brush) -bill, (2) -hook, a long-
handled curved implement for trimming hedges.
(i)w.Yks. (W.H.), Not.2, Suf.1 (2) w.Yks.2, s.Chs.1, War.2,
s-Wor.1, Shr.i, Oxf. (J.E.)
13. To browse ; to remove a crop from a field ; to mow
nettles, thistles, or rough grass.
n.Yks.2, w.Yks. (C.C.R.), Shr.1, e.An.1 Nrf. Just take your
hook, John, and brush down that bank a little (W.R.E.) ; Nrf.1,
Suf.1, Ken. (P.M.), Ken.1, Snr.1
14. To break up the surface of the soil with a bush of
thorns ; freq. for the purpose of working into it manure
or ' dressing.'
Wm.1 That muck wants brushin in sadly. w.Yks.1, w.Som.1
BRUSH, v? and sb? Sc. Wm. Yks. Lan. Lin. War.
Bdf. Lon. Suf. Sur. Hmp. Dor. Dev. Also in form brish
Sur.1 [bruf, bra/.]
1. v. To bestir oneself nimbly ; freq. used with about.
Wm. Noo than, brush aboot an git finished afoor dark (B.K.).
e.Lan.1 Suf. He takes his pole and brushes round again, BLOOM-
FIELD Farmer's Boy (1805) 29, ed. 1845. Sur.1 We shall have to
brish about to get done afore night. Hmp.1 Dor. I did brush
along all ever I could ! (H.J.M.); (O.P.C.)
Hence Brusher, sb. a boy who is quick and active.
Hmp. (J.R.W.), Dor. (H.J.M.)
2. To run away, to make off; freq. with off.
w.Yks. Brush off (J.T.) ; w.Yks.s n-Lin.1 When he put th' ferrits
in, my wo'd, them rats did brush ! Bdf. BATCHELOR Anal. Eng.
Lang. (1809). Lon. The man ' brushed,' or rather walked off,
MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) II. 350. Slang. One Sergeant
Matcham Had ' brushed with the dibs,' and they never could catch
'em, BARHAM Ingoldsby (ed. 1864) Dead Drummer.
3. sb. Vigorous exercise of any kind ; a determined
effort.
Sc. To gie a brush at any kind of work (JAM.). War.3 Come,
we have had a good brush [walk] to-day. Dev. It's many a long
day since we have seen such a brush [run with the hounds],
WHYTE-MELVILLE Katerfelto (1875) xxiii.
4. In phr. (i) To buy a brush, to run away ; (2) a brush
of a boy, a sharp, active lad.
(i) [He has bought a brush, RAY Prov. (ed. 1813^ 50.] (a) Hmp.1
BRUSH, sb.3 Sc. Wm. Also Nhp. Hmp. Som.
Also written brusch Fif. [bruf, brej, w.Som. also brij.]
A struggle, a tussle ; alsoy*^.
Fif. Crail vy'd wi' Anster at the brusch, TENNANT Papistry (1827)
86. Ayr. We'll over the border and gie them a brush, BURNS
Cock up your Beaver. Wm. They fratch'd an' hed a bit ov a brush
(B.K.). Nhp.1 ' Stand a good brush,' is a phrase used to signify
that any article will endure, or wear a long time. ' They [a pair
of mended shoes] will stand a good brush now.' Also used of
sturdy, determined opposition : ' I'll stand a good brush before I'll
give up.' Hmp.1 w.Som.1 Wee ad u mud'leen brush wai un, uvoa'r
keod kaetch-n [we had a fine go with him before we could catch
him].
[The many shrewd brushes that he met with, BUNYAN
P. P. (1678) 83.]
BRUSH, v? Som. Dev. Also written bresh Dev.;
bursh w.Som.1 To beat, thrash.
w.Som.1 I'll bursh thy jacket vor thee, s'hear me, ya darn'd
young osebird. n.Dev. Zey wone word more, and chell bresh tha,
Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 82.
[Cisse . . . must marke . . . what fault deserues a brushed
cote, TUSSER Husb. (1580) 107.]
BRUSH, see Bruss.
BRUSHEN, adv. Dor. With adjectives of size : very,
exceedingly.
Dor. (H.J.M.) ; Dor.1 A brushen girt rat.
BRUSHES, sb. pi. Lin. Wil.
1. The wild teasel, Dipsacus sylvestris.
Lin. Wil.1 Also called Clothes-brush.
2. Phr. Brushes and Comb, the prickly heads of the
teasel.
Wil. Also called Barbers' Brushes, Garden IVk. (1896) 76.
BRUSHET, sb. Som. A thicket, a cluster of bush.
w.Som.1 Dhik-ee aj- ez u-groa'd au-1 tiie u buurshut [that hedge
is grown all to a thicket].
Hence Bmshety, adj. rough, shaggy; with all the
branchlets left on.
w.Som.1 You never can't make no hand o' stoppin o' gaps nif
you 'ant a-got some good burshety thorns to do it way. A quick-
set hedge when grown thickly is said to be buurshiitee. In
stopping gaps in hedges it is a good hedger's part to make the
thorns stand out buurshiitee — i.e. bristling.
[In bat ilke brusschet, Sir Ferumbras (c. 1380) 800.]
BRUSH-OUT, v. n.Lin.1 To flush a drain or sewer.
BRUSH-SHANK, sb. Yks.
1. A brush-handle.
w.Yks. LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) Gl.
2. A small brush used in cooking.
w.Yks. Used for working flour through a sieve for making
' tiffany cakes,' ib.
BRUSH UP, vbl. phr. Sc. Also Nhp. War. Wor.
To smarten, ' titivate ' ; cf. mense.
Dmb. The prospect of the jaunt has made him brush up so much
that you would hardly ken him now, CROSS Disruption (1844)
xxxviii. Nhp.1 He's brushed himself up, and now he's going to
brush up his house.
Hence (i ) Brushed up, adj. phr. smartened ; (2) Brushie,
adj. sprucely dressed, fond ol dress.
(i) Wgt. (A.W.), Nhp.1, War.3, Wor. (J.W.P.) (a) Rxb. He's
a little brushie fellow (JAM.).
BRUSK, sb. S. & Ork.1 [brusk.] Gristle, cartilage.
[Dan. brusk, gristle ; ON. brjosb.]
BRUSLE, v. Hrf. To push roughly, to rub against,
as cattle do when tormented by flies.
Hrf. (R.M.E.) ; Hrf.2 The cow was kicking and brusling agen it.
BRUSS, sb. Dev. Cor. Also in form brush Cor.1
[bres, brBJ.]
1. The prickles or short broken twigs of furze or heath ;
dried furze for fuel.
Dev. (HALL.) ; (R.P.C.) Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 544 ;
BORLASE Antiq. (1769) 420 ; Cor.1 When a younger sister marries
first, her elder sister is said to dance in the bruss ; from an old
custom of dancing without shoes on the furze prickles which get
detached from the stalk. Said of a half-witted man : Not quite
baked ; he'd take another brush [faggot of dried furze] ; Cor.3
The fine and almost dusty fragments which would gradually
accumulate on the ground where furze-faggots had been kept
Sometimes in cooking on the open hearth the latter would be
covered with bruss, whereby a ' soaking' fire was produced.
2. Dust or litter of any kind.
Dev. Any kind of dust or rubbish, such as cobwebs, chaff, &c.
(R.P. C.) Cor. How thick the brusse lies, HUNT Pop. Rom. w.Eng.
(1865) II. 245 ; Cor.3
BRUSS, adj. and adv. Ken. Sus. [bnjs.]
1. adj. Brisk ; acute ; petulant, proud.
Ken. He's a bruss little mon (A.E.C.) ; (P.M.) ; Ken.1 Dese 'ere
bees be middlin' bruss this marnin', they've bit me three times
already ; Ken.2 Sns. A slick bruss measter man, LOWER Tom
Cladpole (1831) st. 21 ; Sus.12
2. adv. Loftily, proudly. Sus. (F.E.)
BRUSS, see Brush.
BRUSSEN, see Brust.
BRUSSLE, see Brustle.
BRUSSY, adj. Cor. [brB-si.] Short, as applied to
pastry.
w.Cor. It eats all brussy-like (M.A.C.).
BRUST, v.1 and sb. Sc. Irel. and n. and midl. counties
to Lin. Lei. War. Shr. [brust]
1. v. To burst, break, bruise. Cf. bost, brist, burst
Sc. He that eats quhile he brusts, will be the worse while he
lives, KELLY Prov. (1721) (JAM.). Ayr. Scriechin out prosaic verse,
An' like to brust, BURNS Author's Earnest Cry (1786) st a. N.I.1
Nhb.1 We've run till like to brust, GILCHRIST Blind Willie (1844).
n.Yks. (I.W.), e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks. It fair brusts my heart,
BRONTE Wuthering His. (1847) xxxiii ; w.Yks.1 ; w.Yks.5 Doan't
cork it ower teet ur it'll brust nw.Der.1 n.Lin. Thaay's bound
to brust clear an' clean, PEACOCK Taales (1889) 131 ; SUTTON Wds.
(1881); n.Lin.1
Hence Brusting Saturday,/)//*-. Saturday before Shrove
Tuesday, when frying-pan pudding is eaten.
Lin. STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes (1884) 319; Lin.1
2. Pret. Tense: (i) Brast, (2) Brost, (3) Brust, (4)
Brusted.
(i) Nhb.1 e.Yks. He ran full butt at deear an brast it oppen,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 55. m.Yks.1 Braast. w.Yks. WRIGHT
Gram. Wndhtt. (1893) 27, 133. (a) m.Yks.1 In rural dial. ' brost.'
BRUST
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BRUTTLE
Gm
(3) Cum. He brust oot laughin', WAUGH Rambles Lake Cy. (1861)
185. n.Yks.2 w.Yks. Pooar fellow, he brust his sen, BYWATER
Shevvild Ann. (1851) 7. sw. Lin.1 The fox wasbrussen ; ithadrun
while it brust. (4) Ayr. The coffin brustit wi' a great explosion,
SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887) 284. Nhb.1 Sometimes used.
3. Pp. : (i) Brassen, (2) Brawsen, (3) Brosen, (4)
Brossan, (5) Brossen, (6) Brossened, (7) Brosten, (8)
Brussan, (9) Brussen, (10) Brussened, (n) Brust,
(12) Brusted, (13) Brusten.
(i) Cum.3 He'd brassen oot wid a meast terrable rooar, 25.
m.Yks.1 In rural dial, 'braas'u'n.' e.Lan.1 (2) Lan. Sam's nose is
brawsen, BRIERLEY Cast upon World (1886) 36 ; Lan.1 Chaps i'
Rachdaw teawn at's so brawsen wi wit, WAUGH Sketches (1857)
33- (3) Wm- P°or Bet . . . hed her noase brosen, WHEELER
Dial. (1790) 29. Lan. Awst ha brosen wi leawin, TIM BOBBIN
View Dial. (1740) 47. (4) Win. Ya mud a thowt thaed a brossan
thersells, Spec. Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 33. (5) N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Dur.1
Cum.1 Brossen wi' wark. Wm.1, n.Yks.3 w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to
Caves (1781). Lan. Aw've eyten till om welley brossen, GASKELL
Lectures (1854) 25. n.Lan. Dik's brossan hiz nuaz (W.S.) ; Lan.1,
n.Lan.1, e.Lan.1, Lei.1, War.3 (6) Yks. T'bag's brossen'd itsen
(F.P.T.). (7) N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 w.Yks.1 I thowt he wad a brosten
his sell, ii. 293. Lan. Us soyne us they'dn aw brostun theerseln,
PAUL BOBBIN Sequel (1819) n. Chs. I can ait no more ; I'm welly
brosten, BROCKETT Gl. MS. add. (8) Cum.1 (9) N.Cy.1 Nhb. He
was sure 'he had brussen," DIXON Whittingham Vale (1895) 265;
Nhb.1, Dur.1 Cum. Fairly brussen wi' drink (J.Ar.). Wm. & Cum.1
We may drink till we're brussen, 123. n-Yks.1 He's getten his
foot sairly brussen wiv' a wheel gannan ower it ; n.Yks.2, e.Yks.1
w.Yks. The boil ' will be all reight as sooin as it's brussen,' HARTLEY
Clock Aim. (1890) 34 ; Brusn, WRIGHT Gram. Wndhll. (1892) 133;
w.Yks.2; w.Yks.3 'Brussen i' taa" is said of sacks, bags, &c. Der.
Au've iten till I'm weelly brussen, HOWITT Rur. Eng. (1838) 1. 150.
nw.Der.1 Not. (J.H.B.) ; Not.3 n.Lin.1 That theare herse hes eat
soa many tars, he's o' must brussen hissen. sw.Lin.1 (10) w.Yks.5
Ommast brussen'd, an' couldn't heit a bit o' moar if it were ivver
soa. (n) Cum.1, n.Yks.2, w.Yks.2 (12) w.Yks.3 Ye've brusted
two awalready. (13) Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) N.Cy.1,
Nhb.1 Wm. Like bomb shell blasts, when brusten as they flee,
WHITEHEAD Leg. (1859) 26. n.Yks.1 ne.Yks.1 Used chiefly as a
prefix, as in brusten-up, brusten-oot. w.Yks. (S.P.U.) ; w.Yks.3,
Shr.1
Hence (i) Brossen, ppl. adj. (a) full to repletion,
overfed ; (b) of a person or animal : overdone with work :
(2) Brossen-hackin, sb. a corpulent, gluttonous person ;
(3) -kern, sb. a term of ridicule applied to a premature
harvest-home ; (4) -kite, sb. a big-bellied man ; (5)
Brussen, ppl. adj. bursting, overloaded with fat ; (6)
Brussen-bagged, ppl. adj. see -kited ; (7) -bags, sb. one
who drinks to excess ; (8) -belly Thursday, &c., sb.
Maundy Thursday, &c. ; (9) -big, adj. exceedingly stout ;
(10) -bodied, adj. ruptured, flatulent; (n) -broadways,
adj. as broad as long, owing to excessive fat ; (12) -faced,
ppl. adj. fat-cheeked, eruptive ; (13) -guts, sb. a glutton,
very corpulent person ; (14) -gutted, ppl. adj. corpulent ;
ruptured; (15) -hearted, ppl. adj. heart-broken; (16)
•kite, sb., see -guts; (17) -kited, ppl. adj. having a pro-
tuberant, swollen belly ; (18) -out, adj. covered with
blotches, pimples ; (19) -poked, ppl. adj., see -kited ; (20)
Brusten, ppl. adj. swelled ; swaggering ; (21) — up, ppl.
adj. reduced to small pieces, pulverized.
(i, a) w.Yks. (R.H.H.) Lan.1 There's nowt at a' coorse nor
brawsen aboot him, WAUGH Jannock (1874) v. (A) Cum. (E.W.P.)
(2, 3) Cum.1 (4) n.Lan. He's a girt brossenkite (W.H.H.). (5)
w.Yks. Sich brussen fowk's nut fit ta live, HARTLEY Yksmn. (Feb.
3, 1877) ii, col. 2 ; Theaw greyt brossen foo, bi off wi thi whoam
(D.L.). (6) n.Yks.2 (7) n.Yks. He's a brussenbags, he's niver
satisfied. (8) Lin. STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes (1884) 319. n.Lin.1
(9' n.Yks.12 (10, n, 12) n.Yks.2 ( 13) e.Yks.1, m-Yks.1 w.Yks.2;
w.Yks.5 Here's another plaatefull for thuh brussen-guts. n.Lin.1
(14) n.Yks.2 e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.) aLin.1 (15) Dur.1, n.Yks.12,
m-Yks.1, aLin.1 (16) m.Yks.1' (17) n. Yks.12 (18) n. Yks.1 He's
brussen-out wi' lahtle water-blebs all ower his body. (19) n.Yks.2
(20) w.Yks. (S.P.U.) (21) n-Yks.1
4. In phr. to brust muck, to spread dung. w.Yks.1
5. sb. An attack, onset ; rough usage.
n.Yks. Tj bahd [endure] a brust (I.W.).
[3. With such a crakkande kry, as klyffes haden brusten,
Gawayne (c. 1360) 1166.]
BRUST, v? Sh.I. Of the tide : to ebb.
Sh.I. In common use. ' It is beginning to brust,' or ' it is brustin '
(K.I.)- s- & °Tk-1
BRUSTEN, see Brust.
BRUSTLE, sb.1 Dur.1 Cum.3 n.Yks.1 e.Yks.1 w.Yks.5
s.Not. (J.P.K.) n.Lin.1 Brks.1 e.An.1 Cmb.1 Sus.1 I.W.1
Written brussel Dur.1 n.Yks.1 n.Lin.1 I.W.1; brussle
Cum.3 e.Yks.1 w.Yks.5 Brks.1 ; brusl s.Not. Dial. pron.
of bristle.
BRUSTLE, v.1 and sb.2 Sc. Yks. Lin. Suf. Ken. Also
written broostle, broozle Slk. ; broozle, bruizle Rxb.
(JAM.) ; bruzzle w.Yks.4 [bnrzl, bru'sl, bre-sl.]
1. v. To bustle about, make a great fuss or stir ; to per-
spire violently from exertion.
Ayr., Lth., Slk., Rxb. (JAM.) Yks. THORESBY Lett. (1703^.
w.Yks. (M.F.) ; w.Yks.4 Suf. Why, the old girl [a boat] brustle
along like a hedge-sparrow, Blackw. Mag. (Nov. 1889) 620. Ken.
To brustle up (K.).
Hence Bruzzling (brustling), ppl. adj. bustling;
suffering from excitement and fatigue.
Lin.1 He was a bruzzling sort of man. Ken. A brustling fellow
(K.).
2. To crush to atoms, smash completely.
Slk. How do you mean when you say the bodies were hashed ?
— Champit like ; a" broozled, HOGG Tales (1838) 22, ed. 1866.
3. sb. A bustling commotion, impetuous action.
Slk. Jock made a broostle, HOGG Queer Bk. (1832) 58. Ken. To
make a brustle (K.).
4. A keen chase.
Slk. We gat twal fishes, an' sair broostles had we wi' some
o' them, HOGG Tales (1838) 150, ed. 1866; He's aye gettin a
broostle at a hare, ib. 23.
BRUSTLE, v? Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Also Ken.
Sus. Also written brusle N.Cy.2 w.Yks.1 ; brussle N.Cy.1
Nhb.1 e.Yks.1 m.Yks.1; bruzzle Nhb.1 m.Yks.1 [bnrzl,
bru-sl, bre-sl.] To dry, parch, scorch ; to crackle in
cooking or burning. Cf. birsle, bristle.
Ayr. (J.F.) n.Cy. (K.) ; N.Cy.1 ; N.Cy.2 The sun brusles the hay.
Nhb. (R.O.H.), m-Yks.1, w.Yks.1 ne.Lan.1 They wor brussling
their shins befoor t'fire. Ken. (K.) e.Sus. HOLLOWAY.
Hence (i) Brustled, ppl. adj. scorched, parched, over-
roasted ; (2) Bruzzling, ppl. adj. scorching.
(i) n.Cy. Brusled pease, GROSE (1790). Nhb.1, Cum. (J.A.)
n.Yks. We're eeatin' brussled peas (I.W.). e.Yks. The labourers
[at Bridlington] ran and danced about, ate the ' brustled peas,'
HONE Table-bk. (1827) II. 582 ; e.Yks.1 (a) w.Yks. To be bruzzling
hot, HAMILTON Nugae Lit. (1841) 358.
[To brustle, crepitare, SKINNER (1671).]
BRUTCH, see Broach.
BRUTHEEN, sb. Irel. Disorder, confusion.
Ir. His own was in such brutheen, CARLETON Trails Peas.
(1843) 98.
BRUT(TE, v. and sb. Suf. Ken. Sur. Sus. [brut.]
I. 1. v. To browse, to bite or nibble young shoots off
trees.
e-An.1 Suf. BAILEY (1721). Ken. (P.M.) ; GROSE (1790) ;
LEWIS /. Tenet (1736) ; Ken.2, Sur.1 Sus. RAY (1691) ; Sus.12
Hence Brutting, vbl. sb. nibbling young shoots.
Ken.1 In the printed conditions of the sale of cherry-orchards,
there is generally a clause against ' excessive brutting,' i.e. that
damage so done by the purchasers must be paid for.
2. To break off the young shoots of stored potatoes.
ne.Ken. He's bruttin 'taters (H.M.). Ken.12
II. 1. sb. A young shoot or bud.
Ken. (P.M.); Ken.1, ne.Ken. (H.M.)
2. v. Of plants or roots : to sprout.
Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1 My taturs be brutted pretty much dis year.
[Fr. brouter, ' manger 1'herbe, les jeunes pousses, en les
arrachant avec les dents ' ; brout, ' ce que broute le betail,
jeune pousse des arbres au printemps' (HATZFELD).]
BRUTTLE, adj. Suf. Ken. Sur. Sus. [bru-tl.]
1. Brittle. Sur.1, Sus.12 Cf. bruckle.
2. Of cows: given to breaking through fences.
Suf., Ken. GROSE (1790). Ken. Yu'd better luk arter dat ole
keow, she's turrbul bruttle (P.M.). Sus.2
[Al were it so that the yiftes of Fortune ne were nat
brutel ne transitorie, CHAUCER Boethius, bk. n. pr. v. 4.]
BRUTTLE
[424]
BUCCA
BRUTTLE, see Brattle.
BRUYANS, sb. Cor. Also in form buryans Cor.1
Crumbs.
Cor. The cake was ... cut up. ... Nothing of it was left — not
even the bruyans, BOTTRELL Trad. (1880) 71 ; Cor.1
[OCor. browian, brewyon, crumbs ^ WILLIAMS) ; cp. Wei.
briwion, 'micae' (DAVIES).]
BRUZ(Z, v. and sb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Der. Lin. Nhp.
[bruz.]
1. v. To bruise, batter, blunt. Cf. breeze, brize.
w.Yks. Aw've bruzzed mi foot agen a stone (D.L.); w.Yks.1
Lan.1 Th' skin bruzz'd off th' whirlbooan o' mi knee, TIM BOBBIN
Wks. (ed. 1750) 45; Aw've bruzzed mi clog-nose wi puncin' that
owd can. n.Lan. A'v brszd dhat stian, bat A hev'nt brokan it
(W.S.). e.Lan.1 Der.2 To hurt a tool by striking it against any-
thing hard. nw.Der.1, n.Lin.' . Nhp.1
Hence (i) Bmzly, adj., see Bruzzled ; (2) Bruzz'd, pp.
bruised ; (3) Bruzzen, v. to bruise ; (4) Bruzzened,/>//. adj.
bruised ; (5) Bruzzled,///. adj. bruised, rubbed, rough.
(i) Nhp.1 (a) n.Yks.2, w.Yks.1, Nhp.1 (3) nXin.1 (4) Nhp.1
(5) Nhp.1 Faded, rubbed, very much bruised as a pewter plate.
Also applied to a very rough face. Still in very general use;
commonly applied to anything that has the surface roughened.
When the handle of a stone-mason's chisel becomes soft and
roughed from being repeatedly struck with the mallet, it is so
bruzzled as to be unfit for use. If a tree or thorn have a large,
strong, bushy head, matted, or intertwined, it would be termed
bruzly or bruzzled.
2. Comp. (i) Bmz-beeans, (2) -man, a boxer; a breaker
of bones ; (3) -midden, a romp ; a dirty, untidy person ;
(4) -water, a bad sailing ship ; (5) -wood, a clumsy
mechanic.
(i, a) n.Yks.z (3) n.Yks. (T.S.) ; (S.K.C.) (4, 5) n.Yks.2
3. sb. A bruise. Cum. (E.W.P.), n.Yks.2, m.Yks.1
BRUZZLE, see Brustle.
BRY, see Breeze.
BRYANSTONE BUCK, phr. Dor. The stag-beetle,
Lucanus cervus.
Dor. So called from being often found in the neighbourhood of
Bryanstone [near Blandford], BARNES Gl. (1863); •w.Gaz. (Feb.
15, 1889) 6; ff. & Q. (1877) 5th S. viii. 44.
BRYTHALL, see Brithil.
BRYTTLE, v. Obs.i Sc. To cut up or carve venison.
Sc. And Johnie has bryttled the deer sae weel, SCOTT Minstrelsy
(1802) III. 117, ed. 1848 ; MACKAY.
[Seynt Thomas wes biscop, and barunes him quolde,
heo brutlede him, O. E. Misc. (c. 1275), ed. Morris, 92.]
BU, sb. S. & Ork.1 1. A manor-house. 2. Cattle.
[Norw. dial, bu, a dwelling; also cattle (AASEN).]
BU, see Boo.
BUARD, see Buer.
BUB, sb.1 Yks. Not. Lin. Also in forms bublin
n.Lin.1 ; bubbling sw.Lin.1 [bub.] A young, unfledged
bird. See Bare-bub.
m.Yks.1 Not. The nest bub [smallest bird in the nest] (J.H.B.).
tin. Bare bublins, N. f Q. (1878) sth S. x. 97 ; Haafe on 'im
bare as a bublin', TENNYSON Owd Rod (1889). n.Lin. SUTTON
Wds. (1881) ; n.Lin.1 His skin was as black as a bub-craw. As
bare as a bub. sw.Lin.1 They're only bubblings, let them be
while they're fligged.
BUB, sb? and v. Lan. Lin. Slang, [bub.]
1. sb. Intoxicating liquor of any kind.
Lin.1 Cant. See if you have any grub, and any more bub in the
cellar, AINSWORTH Rookwood (1834) bk. v. i.
2. A child's name for drink. e.Lan.1 See Bup.
3. v. To drink. Amer. (FARMER).
[In a short time these four return'd laden with bub and
food, HEAD English Rogue (1671), ed. 1874, 36 (FARMER).]
BUB, sb.3 Dur. Yks. Lan. [bub.] Weaving term:
a lump or thick place in the yarn.
s.Dur., n.Yks. A've always endivored to spin a level threed —
with nowther bubs nor snocks in't (J.E.D.). e.Lan.1
BUB, sb* Obs. ? Sc. A gust, a blast.
Sc. Deep through the busteous bubs o' nicht Brak forth a
strugglin grane, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads (1806) 333.
[ Ane blusterand bub out fra the northt braying, DOUGLAS
Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, n. 28.]
BUBBERY, see Bobbery.
BUBBLAN, vbl. sb. Sc. Also written bibblan. The
act of tippling, toping. See Bibble, v., Bub, sb.2
Bnff.1 Bubblan an' drinkan.
BUBBLE, v. and sb. Sc. Nhb. Also written bibble
n.Sc. [bu-bl.]
1. v. To 'snivel,' weep, ' blubber' ; to discharge mucus
from the nose.
n.Sc. His nose is bibblin'. She, bibblt an grat till her face wiz
as red 's a collop (W. G.). Ayr. The first ane hasyokiton [attacked]
him and sent him hame bubblin', SERVICE Notandums (1890) 74.
Lnk. Bubbling and greeting like to burst, FRASER Whaups (1895)
vii. Nhb. Maw feelin's will set me on a bubblin', ALLAN Tytteside
Sngs. (1891) 396 ; Nhb.1 The expression, ' he bubbled and cried,'
is very common. ' The prayer wadn't de, so they started te bubble,'
Sng. The Devil.
Hence Bubbly, adj. dirty, tear-stained, blubbering,
drivelling.
Sc. His bubbly beard, DRUKMonoMuckomachy (1846) 17. n.Sc.
This is the bibblie gaiger or ocean [nose], Child's Rime. He's
a puir, sma-facet, bibblie bit bairnie, that (W.G.); (H.E.F.) Dmb.
A bit bubbly wean, CROSS Disruption (1844) vi. n.Cy. The bairn
has a bubbley nose, GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.1 Nhb. He's an ugly
body, a bubbly body, An ill-far'd, ugly loon, BELL Rhymes (i8ia)
48; Nhb.1
2. sb. In pi. The secretion or mucus of the nose.
Nhb.1 Wipe the bubbles off the bairn's nose.
BUBBLING, see Bub, sb.1
BUBBLY.o^'. Nhb. Dur. [bu'bli.] Of stone: broken,
decomposed.
Nhb., Dur. Bubbly freestone, Borings (1878) I. 166.
BUBBLY-JOCK, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Also in form
bubbly, [bu-bli-dgok.] A turkey-cock.
Sc. A Duchess of Gordon asked a gentleman to rax her the
spaul o' that bubbly-jock [leg of the turkey] (G.W.). Abd. Like
a bubblyjock wi' 's tail up, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xlvi.
e.Fif. Blawin' out his skinny chafts like the snotter o' an angry
bubbly-jock, LATTO T. Bodkin (1894) vii. Ayr. Help to carve
the bubbly-jock, GALT Entail (1823) Ixxvii. Lnk. He strutted
about like a bubbly-jock in his gorgeous attire, FRASER Whaups
(1895) vii. Lth. Jouks, bubbly-jocks, an' grumphies roastit, SMITH
Merry Bridal (1866) 13. Slk. A gander, in sporting circles, would
be backed at odds, in pedestrianism, against a bubbly, CHR. NORTH
Noctes (ed. 1856) III. 314. N.Cy.1 Nhb. If wor bubbly-jock craws
oot, Aw needn't o' bad weather doot, ROBSON Sngs. of Tyne
(1849) 152 ; Nhb.1 Prob. so named from the wattles hanging from
the front of his bill and down his neck. Cum. Cock an' hen, An'
dog an' bubbly-jock, BURN Poems (1885) 283 ; His feace grew as
reed as t'chollers ov a bubbley-jock, FARRALL Betty Wilson
(1886) 26.
BUBBOCK, sb. s.Pem. [bu'bak.] A scarecrow.
s.Pem. LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 419 ; Bill, the craws be main
bad 'pan the tatas, put a bubbock up t'other end of the field, will
yea? (W.M.M.)
[Wei. bwbach, ' terriculamentum ' (DAVIES).]
BUBBY, see Booby.
BUBBY-HEAD, adj. Wil.1 The fish Miller's Thumb,
Cottus gobio.
BUBOW, sb. s.Pem. Also in forms bugo, bugaw.
A Jew's-harp. See Gew-gaw.
s.Pem. LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 419 ; Haw many tunes canst
tha play with th' bubow, Jeck ? (W.M.M.)
BUCCA, sb. Cor. Written bucha Cor.2 [bts'ka.]
1. A ghost, hobgoblin.
Cor. Certain sounds in mines were believed to be the old
miners working underground ; a great many people assembled to
hear the knocking, but after a time the ' bucca ' disappeared, Fit-
Lore Rec. (1882) V. 175; Cor.23
2. A scarecrow. Cor.23
3. A stupid person.
w.Cor. Some great plum-head bucca, THOMAS Randigal Rhymes
(l895) 5- Cor.1 Penzance boys up in a tree, . . . Newlyn buccas,
strong as oak, Knocking 'em down at every poke.
4. Comp. (i) Bucca-boo, a mischievous sprite ; a scare-
crow; cf. bugabo(o; (2) -davy, a simpleton ; (3) -gwidden,
a good fairy; a simpleton ; (4) -web, a hobgoblin.
(i) w.Cor. Newlyn fishermen were wont, when they had 'a
good catch,' to throw a fish into the sea as an offering to the
BUCCA
[425]
BUCK
Bucca-boo, Flk-Lore Jrn. (1883) I. 364. Cor.123 (2) Cor. This
gayte bucca-davy, all'ys geekin' round, PEARCE Esther Pentreath
(18911 bk. i. 19. (3) Cor.13 (4) Cor.3
[OCor. bucca, hobgoblin, bugbear, scarecrow (WIL-
LIAMS).]
BUCCA, see Buck, sb.w
BUCK, see Butch.
BUCHARET, sb. Sc. The swift, Cypselus apus.
Frf. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 96.
BUCHT, see Bought.
BUCK, sb.1 and w.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also Amer.
1. sb. A roe. m.Yks.1
2. A male rabbit. n.Yks. (W.H.), w.Yks. (J.W.), War.8,
Won (J.W.P.), w.Som.1, nw.Dev.1
3. The stag-beetle.
Hmp. Children when chasing it sing — ' High buck, Low buck,
Buck, come down,' WISE New Forest (1883) 280; Hmp.1
4. The spittle-fly. Cor.12
5. An unlicensed cabdriver; any person riding illegally
on a cab.
Lon. slang. Employed to take charge of the cab while the
regular drivers are at their meals or enjoying themselves, MAYHEW
Land. Labour (ed. 1861) III. 352 ; Gl. Lab. (1894).
6. A dandy, a fop.
Sc. Willie, my buck, shoot oot your horn, CHAMBERS Pop.
Rhymes (ed. 1870^ 202. Abd. Ae buck o' a chiel, BEATTIES Parings
(1813) 14, ed. 1873. Nhb. Od smash ! what a buck was Bob
Cranky, ALLAN Coll. Sags. (1891) 88. Cum. When I was a young
buck iv a chap, RICHARDSON Talk (1871) i. Lan. A noice buck
he wur, donned in his halliday jumps, STATON Loominary (c. 1861)
74. Lin. STREATFEILDZ.IK. and Danes (1884) 319. n.Lin.1 Hmp
' Ees,' sez I, ' my buck,' Foresters' Misc. (1846) 166. Dor. As we
bucks used to do in former days, HARDY Woodlanders (1887) x.
w.Som.1 Waud-n [was not] ee- u beet uv u buuk ? Colloq. How
are you, my buck ? DICKENS Old C. Shop (1840) Ivi. [Amer. Dial.
Notes (1896) I. 329.]
Hence (i) Buck, adj. At Winchester School : good, fine ;
(2) Buckish, adj. dandified ; (3) Bucko, sb. a roysterer.
(i) Slang. Obs. (A.D.H.) (3) w.Som.1 (3) s.Wxf. (P.J.M.)
7. Pride, vanity ; bad temper.
Wm. Let's hev nin o' thi buck, but gang on wi' thi wark. She's
plenty o' buck aboot her (B.K.).
8. Comp. (i) Buck-bearing, teasing, fault-finding; (2)
•buck, see below; (3) -finch, the chaffinch, Fringilla
coelebs ; (4) -fisted, awkward, clumsy ; (5) -hearted, of
cabbages: having lost the centre or eye; (6) -boss,
a giggling person ; (7) -rat, a male rat ; (8) -'s-leathers,
buckskin breeches; (9) -stick, a smart or sprightly
fellow; an old friend; (10) -sturdie, obstinate; (n)
•swanging, (12) -thanging, (13) -thwanging, the punish-
ment of swinging a person against a wall ; see below ;
(14) -tooth, a large or projecting tooth ; (15) -toothed,
having large or projecting teeth.
(i) Lei.1 The moment any one speaks she begins buck-beerin'.
(2) Nhb.1 One boy ' makes a back,' and the other player leaps on
it, calling out, ' Buck-buck, hoo many fingers div aa had up V Ii
the buck guesses right the players exchange places. [Phil. Soc.
Trans. (1858) 150.] (3) [SWAINSON Birds (1885) 6a.J (4) Bdf.
(J.W.B.) (5) Wil.1 Also called Crow-hearted. (6) Cor.3 Laugh-
ing like a great buck-hoss. (7) w.Yks.5 As fierce as a buck-rat, 79.
w.Som.1 Seldom used. (8) Suf. (C.T.) (9) w.Yks. CUDWORTH
Morton (1886) ; w.Yks.25, n.Lin.1 (10) Frf. (JAM.) (u) w.Yks.2
A punishment used by grinders, for idleness, drunkenness, &c.
(12) Lan. The offender ... is placed on his back ; four boys seize
each an arm, or a leg, and the person is swung as high as possible,
and then allowed to fall with a heavy bump on the ground,
HARLAND & WILKINSON Leg. (1873) 175. (13) Lan. They dis-
sarv't ther noses ringin urelze buckthwangin, ORMEROD Felleyfro
Rachde (1864);. (14) Sc.(jAM.) Edb. Grinding his buck-teeth like
a mad bull, MoiRMansie Wauch (1828) xxiii. (15) Nhb. Wour dance
began, Awd buck-tyuth'd Nan, ALLAN Tyneside Sngs. (1891) 94.
9. Comp. in plant-names: (i) Buck-bean, Menyanthes
trifoliate, also called Bog-bean, q.v. ; (2) -breer, Rosa
canina, wild rose ; cf. buckie, sb? ; (3) -grass, Lycopodium
davatum, cf. buckhorn, sb. 1 ; (4) -hop, the male hop-plant;
(5) -thistle, a large thistle; (6) -thorn, Prunus spinosa,
blackthorn.
(i) Rxb. (JAM.) Cum. HUTCHINSON Hist. Cum. (1794) I. 232.
Yks., Chs. (a) Ant, Dwn. (3) Cum. (4) Ken. (P.M.) (5) e.Yks.,
n-Lln.1 (6) n.Lin.1
10. v. Of animals : to push with the horns, to butt.
Per. (JAM.) Crk. The bull then began bucking the wall down,
Flk-Lore Jrn. (1883) VI. 322. m.Yks.1, Shr.2 Hrt. Many of
these kickers are very apt and prone to buck other cows, ELLIS
Cy. Hs^vf.(I^so) 174.
11. Of hares and rabbits: copulare. w.Yks. (J.W.),
ne.Lan.1, Stf.2, n.Lin.1, w.Som.1
Hence Buckish, adj. w.Som.1
12. In phr. to back up, (i) to make oneself smart, to
dress in one's best ; (2) to be glad ; (3) to pluck up
courage ; to stand up for ; to subscribe for ; (4) to
approach boldly, to make advances, esp. in courtship.
(i) Wm. (B.K.), e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Buckin hursen up in a yolla
bonnet, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1865) 22 ; w.Yks.2,
Lan.1 n-Lan.1 He's parlish grand when he's o' buck't up.
nw.Der.1, n.Lin.1 w.Som.1 Waud-n aawur Saam u-buukt aup
dhan, laas Ziin-dee ? [was not our Sam smartly dressed then,
last Sunday ?] (2) Slang. At Winchester School : Buck up, it's
a half holiday! (A.D.H.) ; SHADWELL Wykeham. Slang (1859-
1864). (3) Cum. We bucked up for blin Jenny, ANDERSON
Ballads (ed. 1815) 67. Wm. Ah hard a awful queer noise, but Ah
buckt up an' went in (B.K.). I.Ma. We're for bucking up for the
man that's bucking up for us, CAINE Manxman (1895) 245. War.8
(4) Cum.1 Buck up till her, lad. Wm. (B.K.), e.Yks.1 Lan. Aw
thowt aw'd buck up to her, HARLAND Sngs. of Wilsons (ed. 1865)
54. Not. (J.H.B.)
Hence Buck, adv. vigorously, with force.
Elg. May luck aye gang buck aye Agin the temperance tent,
TESTER Poems (1865) 129.
BUCK, sb.2 and v? Obsol. or obs. In use in Sc. Irel.
and Eng. Also written bauk Wm. ; booc Som. ; book
Dur.1 Dor.1 Wil.1 w.Som.1 ; bouk Sc. N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Cum.1
Wm. w.Yks.1 Nhp.1 ; bowk ne.Lan.1 Cf. bucking.
1. sb. Lye made from cow-dung, stale urine, or wood-
ashes, for washing coarse linen.
Sc. (JAM.), N.Cy.1, Dur.1 [A tub of cloaths laid in buck (K.).]
2. A large wash of clothes, esp. of the coarser kind ; the
quantity washed at once.
Nhp.12, Oxf.1 Brks. Gl. (1852) ; Brks.1 Ken.1 Sixty years ago
farmers washed for their farm servants. In the bunting house
were piled the gaberdines, and other things waiting to be washed
until there was enough for one buck. Wil. What a book of
cloothes, BRITTON Beauties (1825) ; Wil.1 Dor.1 She can iern upan'
vuold A book o' clothes, 248. Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1
Aay keod-n uulp kaar oa-m dhu beok u kloa'uz [I could not help
carry home the wash of clothes].
3. Comp. (i) Buck-basket, a large clothes-basket; (2)
•house, a wash-house ; (3) -lee, lye, the lye of wood-ashes
used in washing clothes ; (4) -sheet, (5) -sheeting, coarse
cloth ; see below ; (6) -stick, a ' batlet ' used in washing
clothes ; (7) -stone, a stone on which linen is beaten ;
(8) -tub, a washing-tub ; (9) -wash, (10) -weshin', a wash
of coarse linen.
(i) Lei.1, Shr.1, Suf.1 (2) N.I.1 A good buck-house, with a
well-watered bleaching green, Belfast Newsletter (1738) Advt.
(3) Shr. Buck-lee . . . was most unlucky to keep in the house
during ' the Christmas,' BURNE Flk-Lore (1883) 397 ; Shr.1 Ob-
tained from burning green ' brash ' or fern. (4) Nhp.1 The cloth
upon which ashes are spread for the making of lye. Lei.1 Used to
lay the wet clothes on. Bdf. (J.W.B.), Hnt (T.P.F.) (5) Bdf.
Used for making rough aprons, &c. (J.W.B.) (6) Yks. Yks.
Wkly. Post (1883). (7) Shr.2 (8) Lei.1, Nhp.12 War.3 (9) Lei.1,
Nhp.2, War.3 Shr.1 The buk-wesh- took place about every three
months. No soap was used, but the linen was boiled in buck-lee.
It was then carried to a stream or spring, and laid upon a smooth
stone or a block ; there the linen was beaten with a ' batstaff,'
after which it was well ' swilled ' in the pure water. A wash of
finer linen was called a ' soaping.' Brks.1, Ken.1 (10) Shr.1
4. v. To wash linen in lye ; occas. to wash the face or
hands ; to soak, drench.
Sc. To bouk claise (JAM.) ; [They] had [their necks and arms]
boukit an' graithed,— as housewives are wont to treat their webs
in bleaching, Glenfergus (1820) III. 84 (JAM.). nw.Abd. I taks
them oot to buck and bleach them well, Goodwife (1867) sL 25.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Dur.1, Cum.1 Wm. They mend and darn, bauk and
bleech, HUTTON Bran New Wark (1785) 1. 38. w.Yks.1, ne.Lan.1
31
BUCK
[426]
BUCKARTIE-BOO
Nhp.1 A mode of washing now almost exploded exc. in old-fashioned
farm-houses; Nhp.2, s.Wor. (H.K.), se.Wor.1 Shr.1 Theer's six
an' twenty slippin's o' yorn to buck; Shr.2 Hrf. DUNCUMB Hist.
Hrf. (1804). Ken. Obs. (P.M.); Ken.1
Hence (i) Buck, adj. soaking, drenching ; (2) Bucking,
ppl. adj. of weather : showery.
(i) Hrt. Lest the buck rains harden the ground, ELLIS Pract.
Farm. (1759) 19. (2) Nhp.1
[1. Buck, the liquor in which cloaths are washed, ASH
(1795). 2. A buck of cloaths, linteorum sordidorunt incoctio
et contusio, COLES (1679). 3. (3) Buck lie, Lixivium, ib.
4. (He) laueth hem in the lauandrie, . . . and bouketh
hem at hus brest, P. Plowman, (c.) xvn. 331. Cp. G.
bduchen, to steep in lye ; beuche, lye, a wash of clothes.]
BUCK, sb.3 and v.a Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Stf.
Der. Also Dev. Cor. [buk, bsk.]
1. sb. A smart blow on the head. Cf. buckie, sb.3
Dur. Part of a punishment called ' cobbing,' HENDERSON Flk-Lore
(1879) i.
Hence Buck i' t'neuks, phr., a rude game among boys.
Cum.1
2. A piece of wood used instead of a ' billet ' on hard
ground. Lan.1
3. The ' driver ' used by players in the games of ' buck-
stick,' ' spell and knur" ; also the game itself.
Nhb.1 m.Lan.1 A lad wi' a pickin'-stick an" a buck knocks id
thro' th' chap's window.
4. Comp. Buck-stick, the 'driver' or bat used in 'spell
and knur.' Also called buck-head.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. Canes is t'yuk t'm'yekbuckstickson, CHATER Aim.
(1869) 12. Dur.1 The head is made usually of some soft wood,
the shank or handle of a hazel cut in winter. e.Dur.1 Obs. The
' buck-head ' was about the size and shape of a small Yorkshire
Relish bottle, with one side flat. The stick inserted in the ' buck,'
and fastened to it with cobbler's wax-ends, was gen. a cane about
a yard long. Yks. Yks. Wkly. Post (June 23, 1883).
5. v. To break ore into small pieces.
Der. MANLOVE Lead Mines (1653) 261. Cor.12
Hence (i) Bucker, sb. (a) a hammer for crushing lead
ore ; (b) an instrument for braying sand ; (2) Bucking,
vbl. sb. and ppl. adj. bruising ore ; (3) Bucking-iron, sb.
a flat hammer for crushing copper ore.
(i, «) Nhb.1 Obs. Nhb., Dnr. FORSTER Strata (1821) 338. m.Yks.1
w.Yks. GRAINGE Nidderdale (1863) 193. Der. FURNESS Medicus
(1836) 56. n.Der. The paltry pittance earned by beating ore with
a bucker, HALL Hai/iersage (1896) vii. Der.2, nw.Der.1 (A) N.Cy.1,
Nhb.1, m.Yks.1 (2) Cor. Trudg'd hum fram Bal from bucking
copper ore, J. TRENOODLE Spec. Dial. (1846) 22 ; The bucking and
jigging maidens, TREGELLAS Tales (1868) 5. (3) Cor.1
6. To pull out, extract.
Dev. Aching teeth extracted by Blacksmith Brooks, who was
'a rare good 'and fur bucking 'em out,' STOOKE Not Exactly, xi.
n.Dev. To buck corn, to pick out all the grain in the ground, GROSE
(1790^5. add. (H.)
7. Fig. To beat, overcome ; to give in, yield.
w.Yks. O think he'll be buck'd this toime, BYWATER Sheffield
Dial. (1877) 47 ; w.Yks.2 n.Stf. Used when a collier finds his
work unprofitable or uncongenial and leaves it (J.T.). Stf.2 It
dunor lauk much far lift, bar it kiln buks mei.
Hence (i) Bucking, vbl. sb. the extent of one's strength ;
(2) put to buck, phr. made conscious of difficulty.
(i) Der.2, nw.Der.1 (2) Dev. He'd never been put to buck so
much in his life before, Reports Provinc. (1877) 128.
8. To obstruct, keep back.
nw-Dev.1 Jis putt a thorn in thucker rack vor buck back the
bullocks.
BUCK, sb* and v.* Sc.
1. sb. The sound made by a stone falling into water.
5. & Ork.1
2. v. Of liquids : to make a gurgling noise when poured
out ; to gulp in swallowing. Sc. QAM.), S. & Ork.1
BUCK, sb* and v* Bnff.
1. sb. Walking over the same ground repeatedly ;
crowding. 2. v. To walk over the same ground ; to crowd ;
to walk with a stately step. Hence Buckan, vbl. sb. the
act of walking or crowding.
Bnff.1 He buckit oot an" into the hoose the hail day. The men
buckit aboot the tent-door.
BUCK, sb.e Lin. Lei. Nhp. e.An. Sus. Hmp. Som. (?)
Also in form bouk (q.v.).
1. Size.
Lin.1 The cauf is no buck.
Hence Buck, v. to swell out (?).
Som. JENNINGS Dial. w.Ettg. (iSogX [Not known to our corre-
spondents ; see Buck, v.B~\
2. The breast, the belly.
Suf. GROSE (1790) ; Suf.1 Sus. RAY (,1691') ; (K.) ; Sus.2
3. The body of a cart or wagon, esp. the front part.
Lei.1 A ledge at the top [is] called the ' fore-buck.' Nhp.1 , e.An.1,
Nrf.1 Suf. CULLUM Hist. Hawsted (1813) ; (F.H.); Suf.1 Ess.
£55. Arch. Soc. Trans. (1863) II. 180. Hmp. GROSE (1790) ; Hmp.1
[(K.)]
BUCK, sb.7 Nhb. Wm. Yks. Chs. Shr. Ken. [buk.]
1. The front cross-piece of a plough, to which the horses
are attached ; see also below.
Wm. A prop attached to the shafts of a cart to keep the body
level when the horse is unyoked (B.K.). n.Yks. Also called
Landstroke (I.W.). Chs.1, s-Chs.1 Shr.1 A T-shaped end to the
plough-beam, having notches in it for the purpose of regulating
the draught of the plough. Cf. Copsil.
2. Comp. Buck-chain, a chain connecting the swing-trees
to the cross-piece of a plough. Chs.1
3. A hook or ring for attaching the traces to a plough-
beam. Nhb.1, n.Yks. (W.H.), w.Yks. (J.J.B.)
4. The iron cap into which a ploughshare is fixed. Ken.
(P.M.)
5. The movable handle to a whipsaw. n.Yks. (I.W.)
BUCK, sb* Hmp. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. [btsk.] A
fermentation in milk or cream, producing a rank or sour
flavour.
nw.Dev.1 Her tell'th ma they've a-got the buck in the dairy.
Cor.1 The buck is in the milk ; Cor.2
Hence (i) Bucked (buckard), adj. (a) of milk: sour,
fermented ; (b) of cheese : rank and full of holes ; (a)
Bucky, adj. rank, sour.
(i, a) n.Dev. Let tha melk be buckard in buldering weather,
Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 205; GROSE (1790). nw.Dev.1 Mind you
clain out the bucket proper ; the milk's got buck'd. Cor. Monthly
Mag. (1808) II. 544. (6) Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w-Som.1
Dev.1 The cheese was a-buck'd and vinned, 12. (2) Hmp. GROSE
(1790) ; Hmp.1 Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863). Dev. HEWETTP«JS. Sp.
(1892).
BUCK, sb.s Hrt. e.An. Polygonum fagopyrum, buck-
wheat.
Hrt. ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) IV. 183. e.Nrf. MARSHALL Rur.
Econ (1787). [GROSE (1790).]
[Sowe buck or branke, that smels so ranke, TUSSER
Hush. (1580) 109.]
BUCK, s6.10 Yks. Chs. Der. Also in form bucka
w.Yks.2; bucca Der.2 nw.Der.1 [buk.] Bread and
butter; a slice of bread or bread and butter. Cf. butty, sb.2
w.Yks.2 Chs.1 Th' babby wur clemt, but aw gin her a buck and
'oo et it up ; Chs.3, Der.2 nw.Der.1 A piece of bread spread over
with treacle is a treacle-bucca ; also bread with hogs' lard is lard-
bucca.
BUCK, sb.11 Stf. War. Wor. Hrf. A fork-load of peas
from the field or rick. Stf. (G.F.N.), War. (J.R.W.),
Won, Hrf. (G.F.N.)
BUCK, t».e Nhb. Also Som. Dev. To warp a saw,
so that it will not cut truly. w.Som.1
Hence (i) Bucked, ppl. adj. of a saw : warped ; (2)
Bucksheened, adj. having the shin-bones bent or crooked.
(i) w.Som.1 A buukt saw can only be put right by hammering.
Any other tool would be buckled (q.v.). nw.Dev.1 (2) Nhb.
Bucksheen'd Bob, fra Stella, N. Minstrel (1806-7) 78 ; Nhb.i
BUCKALEE, sb. Sc. A call used to shepherds;
occurring only in the foil, rimes.
Sc. Buckalee, buckalo. buckabonnie, buckabo, A fine bait
amang the corn— what for no ? CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes (1870)
150 ; (G.W.) Rnf. The call which is used to negligent herds, who
allow the cows to eat the corn. ' Buckalee, buckalo, bucka, bonnie
belly horn ; Sae bonnie and sae brawly as the cowie cows the
corn" (JAM.).
[Gael, buachaille, shepherd.]
BUCKARTIE-BOO, v. Bnff.1 To coo as a pigeon.
BUCKEEN
[427]
BUCKING
BUCKEEN, sb. Irel. A well-to-do farmer ; a young
dandy.
Ir. The world's differ there is betuxt thim an" our own dirty
Irish buckeens, CARLETON Traits Peas. (1843) I. 418. Wxf. Your
half-sirs, or buckeens, orsquireens, KENNEDY Even. Duffrey (i86g)
355-
[Buck, sb.1 Q + -een (Ir. -in], dim. suff. ; cp. squireen.]
BUCKER, sb.1 Chs.12 Written buckow Chs.2 A
buckle. See etym. of Bradow.
BUCKER, sb.2 Nhp. e.An. Also in form bucket
e.An.1
1. A horse's hind leg. e.An.1, Nrf.1 Cf. bought, sb.1,
buck, v.e
2. Comp. Bucker-ham, (i) the hock-joint of a horse ; (2)
the hollow of the knee.
(i) e-An.1, Nrf.1 (2) Suf. (F.H.)
3. A bent piece of wood on which slaughtered animals
are hung.
Nhp." Also called Gambril. e.An.1, Nrf.1 Suf. (F.H.) ; Suf.1
As bent as a bucker, Prov.
BUCKER, v. and sb.3 Bnff.
1. v. To rustle ; to wear rich, rustling clothes ; also fig.
to move or work fussily or awkwardly.
Bnff.1 She wiz jist buckerin' in silk an' saitin. She buckert but
an' ben the fleer, an' wiz in a' bodie's rod.
Hence (i) Buckeran, vbl. sb. rustling; fuss; (2)
Buckerin', ppl. adj. fussy, awkward. Bnff.1
2. sb. The rustling of silk, paper, &c. 3. Noisy bustle ;
an awkward, noisy person, to.
BUCKET, sb. and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Eng. and
Amer.
1. sb. A wooden pail.
n.Lin.1 Sometimes a distinction is made, a wooden vessel being
called a bucket and a tin one a pail. [Amer. The term is applied,
in the s. and iv., to all kinds of pails and cans holding over a
gallon, BARTLETT.]
2. The sucker of a pump ; the piston of a lifting set of
pumps in a pit.
Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888). Chs.1
3. A revolving boat, seen at fairs. w.Yks.5
4. A square piece of moorish earth, below the flat or
surface. w.Yks.1
5. Comp. (i) Bucket-ears, the holes in which the handle
of a bucket is set ; (2) -leather, horse-hide ; (3) -shell,
the metal frame of a bucket ; (4) -sword, an iron rod con-
necting the bottom rod to the bucket ; (5) -tree, the pipe
between the working barrel of a pump and the windbore.
(i) nXin.1 (2, 3) Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
(4) ib. GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1888). (5) Nhb.1
6. In phr. (i) The bucket is in the well, of a trader: he
has ventured as far as possible ; (2) to sup sorrow by the
bucketfulrto have many sorrows.
w.Yks. (i) Brighouse News (July 23, 1887). (2) Ah's live ta see
thee sup sorrow bi t'bucketful (B.K.).
7. v. To walk awkwardly, shamble.
w.Yks. He bucketed and swambled as he went up the aisle
(E.L.).
BUCKET, see Bucker.
BUCKETLE, sb. s.Chs.1 Stf. A bucketful. Cf.
basketle.
Stf.2 ' To suck sorrow by bucketles ' is to suffer severely from
one's misdoings.
BUCKFANG, sb. and v. Yks. Lan. Written -fan(n
Yks. Lan.1 [bu'k-farj, -fan.]
1. sb. A throw in wrestling. Lan.1
2. v. To punish by bumping against a wall, by bumping
in the posteriors with one's knee, or by 'riding the stang '
(q.v.). Lan.1, e.Lan.1
3. To bully, to behave roughly towards.
Yks. He does buckfann t'wavers (W.C.S.).
BUCK-HEAD, sb. and v. Yks. Lin. e.An.
1. sb. pi. The live stumps of a thorn hedge, after the
branching heads have been lopped. n.Yks.
2. v. To cut down quickset hedges to the height of two
or three feet ; to pollard a tree.
n.Yks.1, nXln.1 e.Lin. This tree's been buckheaded some time
(G.G.W. . e-An.1 Also called Buck-stall !,q.v.). Nrf.1, Suf. (F.H.)
Hence Buck-heading, vbl. sb. cutting down a hedge.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) Suppl. e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ.
(1788). Suf. RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 289, ed. 1849 ; Sufl s«f-i
Ess. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
BUCKHORN, sb. Cum. Dev. Cor.
1. Lycopodium clavatum, club-moss. Also in comp.
Buckhorn-moss. Cum.1 Cf. buck, sb.1 9 (3).
2. A salted and dried whiting.
Dev. COOKE Dev. 136. Cor. QUILLER-COUCH Hist. Polperro
(1871) 113 ; Cor.1 Once a considerable article of export from
Polperro and other fishing towns. Also called Buckthorn ; Cor.2
f2. Merlan sale, a dried whiting, the fish which we call
its hardnesse) buckhorn (COTGR.).]
BUCKHUMMER, sb. Yks. In phr. to go to Buck-
hummer, to vanish, depart, ' go to Jericho.' See Hummer.
w.Yks. All t'rest may go to Buckhummer, Saunterer's Satchel
(1877)31 ; He's goan taBuckummer, whearther's nawther winter
ner summer, Prov. in Brighouse News (Sept. 14, 1889) ; w.Yks.5
BUCKIE, sZ..1 Sc. Irel. [bvrki.]
1. Any spiral shell ; a periwinkle ; hence a trifle of no
value.
Sc. Buckies and lampits, SCOTT Pirate (1821) xxix ; Triton, his
trumpet of a buckie, ADAMSON Muse's Thren. (1638) 2 (JAM.).
S. & Ork.1 Bnff. The periwinkle, or the edible 'buckie,' as it is
usually called, SMILES Natur. (1879) xvii. Abd. In search of
bonny buckies on the beach, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) vii.
Frf. My head against a buckie that he could ! BARRIE Tommy
(1896) 429. Fif. I wadna care a buckie for them, MACDONALD
Alec Forbes (1876) 126. Lth. Upo' the rocks "Mang mussels,
crabs, an' buckies, SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 35. Gall. Ye're
no' worth a buckie at fechtin ! CROCKETT Stickit Min. (1893) 194.
N.I.1
2. Comp. (i) Buckie-nian, a seller of periwinkles ; (2)
•prin, a periwinkle.
(i) Frf. The voice of the buckie-man shook the square, BARRIE
Licht (1889) 16. (2) Lth. Also called water-stoups (JAM.).
3. A child's rattle made of rushes.
Abd. Rashen hoods and buckies made, Ross Helenore (1768) 12,
ed. 1812.
BUCKIE, sb.2 Sc. Irel. The fruit of the wild rose.
Also used attrib. in comp. Buckie-berries, -briar. Cf.
buck, sb.1 Q (2).
Dmf. An' gleg as ony buckie brier, QUINN Heather Lintie (ed.
1863) 131. N.I.1, Uls. (M.B.-S.)
BUCKIE, sb.3, v. and adv. Sc. [bu'ki.]
1. sb. A smart blow. (JAM.) See Buck, sb.3
2. v. To strike or push roughly; to walk hurriedly.
Hence Buckiean, (a) vbl. sb. the act of striking, &c. ; (o)
ppl. adj. pushing, bouncing.
Bnff.1 He buckiet 'im i' the back, an' nockit 'im our. He geed
buckiein' through the fouk.
3. adv. Violently.
Bnff.1 He cam buckie against 'im.
BUCKIE, sb* Sc. [bu-ki.]
1. A refractory person; a mischievous boy; esp. in phr.
a deiFs buckie.
Sc. The deil's buckie of a callant, SCOTT St. Ronan (1824) ii ;
A thrawn buckie, a dytit buckie (JAM.). e.Sc. I'll grandfather ye,
ye de'il's buckie! SETOUN Sunshine (1895) 214. Ayr. That daft
buckie, Geordie Wales, BURNS (1790) in, Globe ed.
2. Comp. Buckie-ruff, a wild, giddy boy; a romping girl.
Fif. (JAM.)
BUCKING, vbl. sb. Obsol. or obs. Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Lei. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Oxf. Brks. Ken. Sus. Wil.
Also written bookin Wil.1; bowking ne.Lan.1 ; see
below.
L A large wash of coarse linen ; the quantity of clothes
washed at once. See Buck, v.2
Slk. Help me to the water wi' a boucking o' claes, HOGG
Brownie (1818) II. 161. s.Chs.1, WarA se.Wor.1, Shr.1, Hrf.12
Bio.12, Oxf.1 MS. add. Brks.1 I vound the house all of a caddie
wi' the buckin' on. Ken.2, Sus.1 Wil.1 A good bookin' o'
clothes.
2. Comp. (i) Bucking-basket, a clothes-basket; (2)
-board, a flat board used to wash or beat linen upon ; (3)
•chamber, the room in which clothes were steeped in lye,
previous to washing ; (4) -dub, a washing-pool ; (5) -Icier,
a vessel used by bleachers ; (6) -sheet, a sheet used for
312
BUCKLE
[428]
BUCKY-HOW
straining lye ; (7) -stone, a stone upon which linen is
beaten with a ' batlet ' ; (8) -stool, a stool for beating
linen ; (9) -tub, a washing-tub ; (10) -wash, a large wash
of coarse linen ; (n) -washer, one who washes a ' buck-
ing ' of clothes ; (12) -washing, see -wash.
(i) Sc. Off with Janet [the laundress] in her own bucking
basket, SCOTT Nigel (1822) ii. (2) Yks. Yks. Wkly. Post (June 23,
1883). (3) Ken. Obs. (P.M.) ; Ken.1 (4) ne.Lan.1 (5) Lan.
DAVIES Races (1855). (6) War.3 (7) Shr.12 (8) Hrf. DUNCUMB
Hist. Hrf. (1804-12). (9) Lei.1 fio) Lei.1, Ken. Obs. (P.M.) (n)
War.3 ' My father is a bucken-washer, and my mother is a tinker,'
was said in a duologue recited at harvest-homes, Long Ago (May
1874) 130. se.Wor.1 An old lady called a child named Ann,
' Nance, Pance, the buckin'-wesher.' (12) Sc. She and I will hae
a grand bouking-washing, SCOTT Midlothian (1818) xvi ; Table-
claiths . . . that never saw the sun but at the bookin-washing,
Glenburnie, 143 (JAM.).
3. A thorough wetting ; a state of profuse perspiration.
s.Chs.1 It wuz nbo smau- weyt, un it gy'en mi u bilk-in [it was
noo smaw weight, an' it gen me a buckin']. se.Wor.1 I'd got this
ere oawd top coowut on ; I sh'd a got a good buckin' else. Shr.1
I carried the batch an' the bran throm Habberley Mill, but it gid
me a buckin' ; Shr.2 To give a horse a good bucking. Oxf.
N. & Q. (1874) 5th S. ii. 138.
[2. (9). Essange, wet, as linnen before it be layed in the
bucking-tub (COTGR.).]
BUCKLE, sb.1 and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng.
L sb. In phr. (i) to be buckle and thongs, empty, poor,
lean ; (2) to be up in the buckle, to be elated ; to be tipsy.
(i) w-Som.1 Poor old blid, her's a'most come to nothin — can't
call her nort but nere buukl-n-dhaungz. n.Dev. Es olweys thort
her to ha be bare buckle and thongs, Exm. Crtshp. (1746) 1. 546.
(2) Sc. Jean 'ill be up in the buckle the day, SWAN Gates of Eden
(ed. 1895) i- Per- !n very common use (G.W.).
2. Comp. Buckle-strap, a leathern strap worn by men.
w.Som.1, nw.Dev.1
3. A bent twig or withy, used by thatchers to fasten
down the wooden rods or thatch.
Der.2, nw.Der.1, s.Wor.i, se.Wor.i Shr.l Buckles are employed
for the top and eaves of a roof. Hrf.2 Known as buckle stuff. Glo.1
4. A dint, bend, or twist in a plate of iron. Nhb.1
5. A dispute ; a struggle.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
6. Condition, ' form.'
Cum.1 He's i' girt buckle to-day. Lan. I hope yor i' good
buckle, DONALDSON Larnin' to Sing (1886). Chs.1 ; Chs.3 In good
buckle. sXhs.1 Stf.2 Oi dunar feil i' much bukl far wark this
mornin.
7. v. To fasten ; to wrap in ; to secure, mend.
Sc. Ye'll buckle ye in your weet wee plaid, THOM Rhymes
(1844) 135, S. & Ork.1 Abd. Buckles on hersel', . . . The snaw-
white muslin gown, STILL Cottars Sunday (1845) 22- Rnf- Buckle
up ... His broken pin, NEILSON Poems (1877) 33.
Hence Bucklin, sb. a bandage ; wrappings to keep out
the cold.
Ayr. In common use (J.F.). Lnk. He rave the bucklins aff
his haun', HAMILTON Poems (1865) 37.
8. To join in marriage ; to marry. Also in phr. to buckle
to or with.
Sc. May ... is the only month that nobody in the north country
ever thinks o' buckling in, Reg. Da/ton (1823) III. 163 (JAM.) ;
Ye see folk marry every day, and buckle them yoursell into the
bargain, SCOTT St. Ronan (1824) xvii. Abd. Fain wad I buckle
wi' him, SHIRREFS Poems (1790) 282. Rnf. Robin at last has got
buckled, BARR Poems (1861) 106. Ayr. Jock and me was to be
buckled together, GALT Lairds (1826) xxxix. Lth. Though askit
by mony, she buckled wi' nane, BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 47.
Ir. (P.J.M.), N.Cy.1, Nhb.i Cum. Buckl'd fifty years ago, BLAMIRE
Poet. Wks. (ed. 1842) 241. Brks.1
Hence (i) Buckle-beggar, sb., (2) Buckle-the-beggars,
sb. a priest who conducts irregular marriages, a Gretna
Green parson.
(i) Sc. A hedge parson or buckle beggar, SCOTT Nigel (1822)
xvii. Cum.1 Lan. Go to the next buckle-beggar, ROBY Trad.
(1872) II. 355. (2) Sc. (JAM.)
9. To bend, twist, warp. Alsojfg:
S. & Ork.1 Kcd. He buckles for the road, GRANT Lays (1884)
17. N.I.1 That saw's all buckled. Cum.1 War. (J.R.W.) ; War.3
ne.Wor. The card on the mantelpiece has buckled (J.W.P.).
se.Wor.1 n.Wil. How thuc wall's buckled (E.H.G.). Soin.
(W.F.R.); W. & J. Gl. (1873). w-Som.1 Due- ee tak kee-uryiie
doa-n buuk-1 mee zuyv [do take care that you do not bend my
scythe]. The word would never be applied to any article without
some spring. Dev. He buckled under his load, w. Times (Mar. 12,
1886) 6. n.Dev. Tha wut lustree . . . and bucklee, Exm. Scold.
(1746) 1. 292.
Hence (i) Buckled, ppl. adj. twisted, bent ; (2) Buckle-
horn, sb. a crooked or bent horn ; (3) Buckle-mouthed,
adj. having a twisted mouth.
(i) Nhb.1 A buckled plate. w.Yks. (J.T.), Der.2, nw.Der.1
(2) n.Cy. GROSE (1790) Suppl. • N.Cy.1, Nhb.l e.Yks. MARSHALL
Rur. Econ. (1788). (3) N.Cy.1 Nhb. Buckle-mouth'd Jock, When
he twined his jaws for the backy-o, N. Minstrel (1806-7) 79 J Nhb.1
10. To quarrel ; to struggle, attack ; to meddle with ; to
apply oneself to work, &c.
Fif. (JAM.) Lth. I dinna like to buckle Wi' hours our late,
MACNEILL Poet. Wks. (1801) 170, ed. 1856. Gall. (A.W.) Cum.1
Buckle till him, Bob. Wm. She'll buckle tawark,S/>«r. £>*'«/. (1880)
pt. ii. 30. w.Yks. Let us buckle to awr wark, HARTLEY Ditties,
ist S. 73. Glo. I bockled to the jub, BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn
(1890) xiii. Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). n.Dev. Zum buckle vor
a lang time wi' en [Death], ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 101.
Cor.2 To ' buckle up to,' to show fight.
11. In phr. (i) To buckle in, (2) — to, to set to work,
to work vigorously; to renew an engagement between
master and servant ; (3) — under, to yield, acknowledge
superiority ; (4) — up, to warp, shrink ; (5) — up to, to
court.
(i) Wm. Thool hev ta bukkle in an help ma, ' JACK ROBISON ' in
Kendal News (Sept. 22, 1888). (2) Nhb.1 Come, lads, let's buckle
to. Cum.1 Buckle teah, my men, ye're varra welcome. e.Yks.1
w.Yks. Willin' to buckle to, an' work for it, HARTLEY Budget
(1872) 73. Lan.1 I sit down, sometimes, just to gether mi wits
together a bit ; an' then I have to buckle-to again, WAUGH Chimn.
Corner (1874). m-Lan.1, Chs.1, Stf.2, nw.Der.1, Not.1 n.Lin.1
I can't dally noa longer ; we mun buckle to, lads. Nhp.1 Of
master and servant after a disagreement : They have buckled-to
again. War.2, Wor. (J.W.P.), Brks.1, Hnt. (T.P.F.) Ess.
Buckle-to well arterwuds, CLARK J. Noakes(i 839) 12. Dev. Dilee
buckle-tQ wi' a gude listy will, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892). Cor.2
(3) Brks.1 (4) Cor.1 My dress buckles-up in the dew. (5) Cor.2
[8. Is this an age to buckle with a bride? DRYDEN
Juvenal (1693) vi. 37. 9. Teach this body To bend, and
these my aged knees to buckle, JONSON Staple of Neivs
(1625), ed. Cunningham, II. 291. 10. In single combat
thou shall buckle with me, SHAKS. i Hen. VI, \. ii. 95.]
BUCKLE, sb? Obs. ? Sc. A curl ; curliness.
Ayr. His hair has a natural buckle, BURNS There's a Youth.
[Not known to our correspondents.]
[A hair-curl or buckle, boucle de cheveux, BOYER (1771) ;
That live-long wig . . . eternal buckle takes in Parian stone,
POPE Moral Essays (1732) HI. 296.]
BUCKLE-HEARTED, see Bruckle-hearted.
BUCKOW, see Bucker.
BUCKRAM, sb. Chs. Wor. [bu-kram.] Pride, high
spirits, 'dash.'
s.Chs.1 Tiim)z nii sQ much bilk-rum ubuwt im fiz iz brudh-ur.
s.Wor. (H.K.)
BUCKS, v. Sh.I. To trample through a soft or dirty
substance ; to walk carelessly through mire.
Sh.I. In common use. To go bucksin' through corn or mire
(K.I.). S.&Ork.1
BUCKSHEE-BUCK, sb. Cor. A guessing game.
Cor.1 One [player] shuts his eyes, and the others say in turn,
' Buckshee ! Buckshee-buck ! How many fingers do I hold up ! '
When the blindman guesses correctly, the one whose number is
guessed takes his place.
BUCKSOME, see Buxom.
BUCKSTALL, v. e.An. To cut down a quickset
hedge. See Buck-head. e.An.1, Nrf.1
Hence Buck-stalling, vbl. sb. cutting down a hedge.
Nrf. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1787) ; MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863);
Nrf.1 [GROSE (1790).]
BUCKY-HOW, sb. Cor.12 A boy's game, resembling
' touch-timber ' or ' tick.'
BUD
[429]
BUDGE
BUD, sb.1 Won Shr. Hrf. Suf. Dev. Cor. [bud.] In
comp. (i) -bird, (2) -finch, (3) -hawk, (4) -nope, (5) -oaf,
(6) -picker, the bullfinch, Pyrrhula europaea, so called
from its habit of eating buds.
(i) Hrf. Corn/i. Mag. (1865) XII. 35; Hrf.1; Hrf.2 Sometimes
Budding Bird. Dev. SWAINSON Birds (,1885) 66. (2) Dev. ib. 67 ;
JOHNS Brit. Birds (1862). (3) s.Wor. (R.L.) (4) Shr.1 (5) Suf.
(G.E.D.) (6) Dev. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 66. Cor. GROSE (1790)
MS. add. (C.) ; ROOD Birds (1880) 314 ; Cor.12
BUD, sb.2 Der. Bdf. e.An. Ken. Sus. Hmp. [bud, bud.]
A yearling calf.
Der.1 Bdf. The creature retains this name till it is one year
old (J.W.B.). e.An. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863) ; e.An.1 Nrf.
(G.E.D.) e.Nrf. MARSHALL Rur.Econ. (1787). Nrf.1 Snf. GROSE
(1790); e.An. Dy. Times (1892) ; (F.H.) ; Suf.1, Ess.1 Ken. (K.);
Ken.12 Sus. RAY (1691) ; Sus.12, Hinp.1 [WORLIDGE Syst. Agric.
(1681).]
Hence Buddy, adj. foolish, stupid.
Sus.1 Used in the same sense as the word calf is often used for
a stupid fellow.
[His cow came a moneth before Christmas . . . His bud
came at Michaelmas, Boteler MS. Acct. Bk. (1652) (Ken.1).
So called, because the horns have not grown out but
are in the bud.}
BUD, s6.s Sh.I. [bud.] A booth or shed. Sh.I. (K.I.),
S. & Ork.1
[Norw. dial, bud, a booth (AASEN) ; cp. Da. and Sw. bod.}
BUD, v. s.Chs. With prep, in : to set energetically to
work.
s.Chs. Wi)n bin bud-in in tu)th wuurk [we'n bin buddin' in to
th' work] (T.D.).
BUD-AN-AGE, int. Irel. An exclamation or disguised
oath.
Ir. ' Why, then, bud-an'-age ! ' says he, CARLETON Traits Peas.
(1843) I. 347 ; One of those little colloquial oaths or imprecations
common among the peasantry (P.W.J.).
[More correctly Blood-an-age or Blood-an-ages (P.W.J.).
See Blood, sb. 3.]
BUDDACK, sb. S. & Ork.1 A thick shoe.
BUDDAGH,s6. N.I.1 The large lake trout, Salmoferox.
[SATCHELL (1879).]
[Ir. bodach, a kind offish (O'REILLY).]
BUDDEN, see Bidden.
BUDDIE, sb. Sh.I. Also written biidie S. & Ork.1,
byeudie. A basket or creel.
Sh.I. Wi waand an biiddie ta da craigs, Aboot da nichts I go,
BURGESS Rasmie (1892) 101 ; (Coll. L.L.B.) ; (K.I.) S. & Ork.1
BUDDING, vol. sb. Not. A congestion of the stomach
in young lambs, caused by nibbling hawthorn fences and
thereby swallowing small locks of wool.
Not.3 'E's lost a goodish few lambs this turn wi' buddin'.
BUDDLE, sb.1 Nhp Hit. e.An. Also written boodle
Nhp.1 Hit. e-An.1 Nrf.1 Suf.1 [bu'dl.] The corn-marigold,
Chrysanthemum segetum.
Nhp.1 Hrt. ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) III. i. e.An.1 Nrf.
MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1787) ; COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893)
toi ; Nrf.1, Suf.1
[Like vnto boddle no weede there is such, TUSSER
Husb. (1580) 112. Bothule, cow-slope, Prompt.}
BUDDLE, sb.2 Cor. [bB'dl.] A bubble.
Cor. Ther's no mor in a buddie than es in ther brath, DANIEL
Bride of Scio (1842) 230; Cor.1 Blowing buddies, art 'ee, cheeld ?
Cor.2
[Cp. huddle (to bubble) in obs. lit. E. : Sinnes do dayly
boyle upp and buddie from without us, BELL Haddon's
Answer (1581) 268 (N.E.D.).]
BUDDLE, v.1 and sb.3 Nhb. Wm. Yks. Der. Cdg. Som.
Cor. [bu-dl.]
1. v. Mining term : to wash ore.
w.Yks.1 Der. Buddling the old hillocks in search of small
particlesof ore, MARSHALL Review (1814) IV. 112; Der.2, nw.Der. 1
Cor.3 Tin stuff is huddled when it comes from the second lot of
covers after the ' cleaner frames.'
Hence (i) Buddler, sb. a man employed in washing
the ore ; one who cuts into old workings in search of ore ;
(2) Buddling, v bl. sb. the washing of lead ore.
vi> Wm.1 n.Der. Mr. Elliott . . . recognized his visitor as the
chief buddler, HALL Hathersage (1896) iv. Cor. PEARCE Esther
Pentreath (1891) I. i. (a) Nhb. ' Buddling' and ' notching,' which
may be described as a kind of sifting with sieves suspended in
water, WHITE Nhb. and Border (1859) 46. Cor.2
2. sb. A kind of tub or pit in which the ore is washed.
Cdg. The buddie where the sand and earth are washed from it
[the tin], RAY (1691). Cdg., Som. In the silver mines the melted
refuse of the lithurge, when beaten small and sifted thro a fine
grate or strainer of iron, is put into a vessel made like to a shallow
tumbrel, standing on a little shelving called the Buddie, wherein
the matter is laid, and water running constantly over it is moved
to and fro wth an iron rake or how, and so the water carries
away the earth and dross, the metal remaining behind (K.). Cor.
Traade from the buddie pits, HICHAM Dia. (1866) 14; Cor.12;
Cor.3 A buddie in its simplest form is a round pit. A stream of
water laden with tin-stuff falls into it at the centre, and gradually
forms into a pile, the very lightest part being washed away with
the water. When the pit is full the flow of water is stopped, and
it is found that the tin-stuff has been graduated, the heavier or more
valuable part being at the centre, the light at the circumference,
of the pile.
3. A process of washing sand which is used in sawing
marble slabs. nw.Der.1
4. Comp. (i) Buddie-boy, a boy employed in washing
ore ; (2) -dam, see -pond ; (3) -hole, a hole in a hedge to
carry off surface drainage ; (4) -pond, a place where the
small particles of ore are washed from the dirt and spar.
(i) Cor. I do knaw he for a buddle-boy, J. TRENOODLE Spec.
(1846) 57 ; Cor.1 (2) n.Der. Others were . . . throwing the lighter
rubbish, as they skimmed it off, through a hole in the wall, that it
might be transferred to the buddle-dam for further cleansing, HALL
Hathersage (1896) iii. (3) w.Som.1 (4) Der. Enter on his lands and
make poisonous buddle-ponds, MARSHALL Review (1814) IV. na.
[1. To buddie (among miners), to wash and cleanse
Lapis Calaminaris, BAILEY (1721). (i) Briddling is used
in Stat. 14 & 15 Viet. c. 94, art. 5 ; in the new art. i of
April, 1859, it is ordered that the word huddling shall be
substituted for the word briddling in the above art. 5,
SKEAT Gloss, to Manlove, 25. 2. Budles and soughs,
MANLOVE Lead Mines (1653) 260, ed. E.D.S. (1874) 19.]
BUDDLE, v? Wil. Som. Dev. [birdl.J To suffocate
in mud ; to choke.
Wil.1 There ! if he haven't a bin an' amwoast buddled hisel' in
thuck there ditch ! Som. JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng. (1869) ; W. & J.
Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 I got in to one o' those yer gurt zogs ; and
if there had'n a-bin two or dree there vor to help, I'm darn'd if
should-n zoon a-bin a-buddled, 'oss and all. Dev. He only laughed
when informed that his daughter would soon be ' crewnting wi'
croop ' or ' huddling itsel" ' with its tiny dimpled fist, MADOX-
BROWN Dwale Bluth (1876) I. i ; Dev.1 The stink-a-puss woud
a been buddled had'n dame and I tugg'd hard to hall en out, pL ii.
13. n.Dev. Whan tha wurt just a buddled, Exm. Scold. (1746)
1. 136; GROSE (1790) Suppl. nw.Dev.1
Hence Buddled, pp., fig. intoxicated.
Dev. w.Times (Mar. 12, 1886) 6 ; N. & Q. (1893) 8th S. iv. 533.
n.Dev. Buddled in's drink was runty Jan, ROCK Jim an' Nell
(1867) 31. Dev.1
BUDDLE, v.3 Yks. [bu'dl.] To tickle a child in the
neck.
w.Yks. Thi soft an' fleshy neck below thi chin Is a reyt temptin
plaace to buddie in, BINNS Originals (1889) 2 ; (J.J.B.) ; (J.T.)
BUDDY, sb. Cor. A bunch, cluster, clump.
Cor. THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) Gl. ; Cor.3
BUDDY, see Biddy, Butty.
BUDDY-BUD, sb. N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Also in form -buss.
The flower of the burr or burdock, Arctium lappa.
BUD(E, see Bood.
BUDGE, sb.1 Sus. A cask on wheels to carry water
in. Cf. bouge, sb.1
Sus. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863); HOLLOWAY ; Sus.12
[Fr. bouge, ' petite cuve qui sert a porter le raisin au
pressoir ' (LITTRE). Cp. Water Bouget, a vessel anciently
used by soldiers to fetch water to the camp, CLARK Introd.
Heraldry (1873) 204.]
BUDGE, sb.2 Yks. [bu'dg.] A blacksmith's apron.
w.Yks. A ' leather budge,' such as a blacksmith uses, has been
worn by the youths of an earlier generation than mine, BINNS
Vitt. to Town (1882) 73; (B.K.)
BUDGE
[43°1
BUFF
BUDGE, adj.1 Sus. Hmp. Wil. [bB'dg.] Grave,
solemn.
Sus.1 He looked very budge when I asked him who stole the
apples. Hmp. HOLLOWAY.
Hence Budgy, adj. sulky, out of temper. Wil.1
[The solemn fop, significant and budge, COWPER
Conversation (1782) 299; Budge, surly, stiff, formal,
JOHNSON (1755).]
BUDGE, v.1 Nhb. Yks. Also written booge Nhb.1
[budz.l To swell, to bulge ; see Bouge, v.
Nhb.* m.Yks.1 Look how it's budging up ! w.Yks.1
BUDGE, v ?, sb.3 and adj.2 Sc. Irel. Win. Yks. Lan. Chs.
e.An. Ken. Dev. Also in form bugg Dev. [budg,
1. v. To move, stir, give way ; to hurry ; fig. to yield.
Abd. We cou'dna budge it, FORBES Jrn. (1742) 15. N.I.1 He's
that ill he can't budge his feet or his legs. Win. T'barns mun be
reddy fer budgan when we cum back, 'JACK ROBISON' in Kendal
News (Sept. 22, 1888). n.Yks.1 Ah caan't budge't a hair-breed :
it's stiff as a stithy. It's gran'est drag at ivver Ah seen : 't weeant
budge for now't. Price is fower pun', an' he weeant budge
a hau'pny. Lan. The aw budgunt off, leofink meh o hearty
curse, PAUL BOBBIN Sequel (1819) 41. s.Chs.1 Ahy thau't wi
shud u oa-rky'ech't Mis'iz Luwis, but do buj -iz ulung- su [I thought
we should ha' o'erketcht Mrs. Lewis, but hoo budges alung s6].
Dev.1 I'm zure her hath no junketings or floistering doings, nor
nare bugg'th o'er the dreckstool to zee any gape's-nest from
week's-end to week's-end, i. 5.
2. sb. A movement.
Ir. Not a budge did he make, KENNEDY Fireside Stories (1870) 107.
3. adj. Gay, brisk, jocund.
e.An. RAY (.1691 }. Ken. He's very budge. He looks budge (K.).
s.Cy. RAY (1691). [GROSE (1790).]
[1. I will not budge for no man's pleasure, SHAKS.
R. &*J. in. i. 58. OFr. bouger, to stir, budge (CoroR.).]
BUDGE, v.3 Hrf. To mend a hedge. See Boodge.
Hrf. Pushing in fragments of the cuttings to fill up gaps here
and there when engaged in laying or pleaching a hedge is called
' budging' i^H.C.M. ).
BUDGET, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Stf. Not. Shr. Wil.
Dor. [bu'dgit, be'dgit]
1. A workman's bag, pack, or wallet, gen. made of
leather ; esp. a tinker's wallet and the leathern pouch in
which a mower carries his whetstone.
Ayr. And tak a share wi' those that bear The budget and the
apron. BURNS Jolly Beggars 1,1785). Nhb. (R.O.H.) w.Yks.
The jolly mowers With budget and with bottle, DIXON Sngs. Eng.
Peas. (1846) 171 ; (R.H.H.) Lan. Thi packt op thur budget,
COLLINS Poems (1859) 42. Stf. I've a dogskin hairy budget, Fit-
Lore Jrn. (1886) IV. 260. s. Not. There is an old saying, ' Yer
mun wait while yer get it, like the tinker an' 'is budget ' [which
was often in pawn for board and lodgings] (J. P.K.). Shr.1,
Wil.1, Dor.1
2. A milk- an shaped to fit the back to which it is
strapped. See Back-can.
w.Yks. LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) v ; (M.A.)
JFr. bougette, ' sac de cuir que 1'on portait en voyage '
(HATZFELD).]
BUDGY, adj. Nhp. Hmp. Thick, clumsy ; round like
a cask. See Budge, sb.1
Nhp. l App. to work that is badly mended. Hmp.1 A little budgy,
quatty thing.
BUDLAND, sb. Nrf. The corn-marigold, Chrysanthe-
mum segetum. See Buddie, sb.1
BUDRAM, sb. Pern, [btrdram.] Gruel consisting of
oatmeal mixed with water and left until sour.
Pern. Also called Washporo. Before it is prepared, the mixture
is called Siccans (W.H.Y.) ; (E.D.) s.Pem. LAWS Little Eng.
(1888) 419.
BU(E, see Boo.
BUER, sb. Obsol. Nhb. Yks. Lin. Also in form bewer
n.Lin.1; buard e.Yks.1 ; buver n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1 The
gnat, Culex pipiens.
N.Cy.12. Nhb.1 Obs. Yks. (G.E.D.) n.Yks. Science Gossip
(1882) 161; n.Yks.1 *, ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ.
(1788) ; e.Yks.1 n.Lin.1 Them bewers hes bitten me that bad.
[Fr. buveur, a drinker. Cp. Fr. dial. (Norm.) bibet, a gnat
(Moisv), fr. Lat. bibere.]
[buf.]
BUESS, see Boose.
BUFE, see Boof.
BUFF, sb.1 Yks. Lei. In form bufty Lei.1
1. The game of blindman's buff.
w.Yks. Blindy-buff is the more usual form (B.K.) ; w.Yks.2, Lei.1
2. The person blindfolded. w.Yks. (B.K.), Lei.1
[2. Behold the buff (ecco la deed), FANSHAWE Pastor
Fido (1647) 78 (N.E.D.).]
BUFF, sb.2 Nhb. Also Wor. Ken. [buf, bBf.]
1. A tuft or patch of coarse grass growing in a field ;
a clump of growing flowers.
Wor. (H.K.) Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1 That's a nice buff of cloves.
2. Comp. (i) Buff-faces, (2) -fronts, tufts of coarse grass,
Aira caespitosa. Also called Bull-faces (q.v.).
(i) Nhb.1 (al N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
BUFF, sb.3 and v.1 Irel. Nhb. Cum. Win. Yks. Chs.
Lin. Lon. Slang, [buf.]
1. sb. The bare skin.
s.Don., Lim. He stood there in his buff, SIMMONDS Gl. (1890).
Nhb.1 He wis stripped to the buff. Cum. And fain they'd hae
stripp'd into buff, ANDERSON Ballads (1808) 118. Wm. Nowt
wad deea but they mud feit, seea they peeled off inta buff (B.K. ).
w.Yks.1 They stripped into buff and began a worslin ; w.Yks.2
Chs.a He fowl in his buffs. n-Lin.1 Slang. Strip him to the buff,
NAIRNE Tales (1790) 52, ed. 1824; (FARMER).
2. A wheel covered with buff leather on which the horn
handles of knives were polished. w.Yks.2
3. v. To strip to the skin.
Lon. I didn't ' buff it ' ; that is, I didn't take my shirt off, MAYHEW
Land. Labour , 1851) III. 247.
4. To polish a knife, after sharpening it, by stroking it
on a soft leather strap, or covered wheel.
Nhb.1 w.Yks. Sum glazin, sum buffin, sum groindin, BYWATER
Sheffield Dial. (1839) 150.
[1. The slaves . . . had stripped the commissary to his
buff, JARVIS Don Quixote (1742) bk. HI. viii. (DAV.) The
same word as buff, a buffalo, PHILLIPS (1706).]
BUFF, v.2, sb* and adv. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Also in form
bouff Sc. ; buft w.Yks. Shr.12 [buf, bBf.]
1. v. To beat, to knock with any soft substance, to buffet,
box. See Baff, v.1
n.Sc. He boufft the bairn till he grat. Bouff the stick into the
grun' (W.G.). Abd. By Fortune I ha'elang been bufFd, SHIRREFS
Poems (1790) 21. Fif. They baff't, buff t, cuff't, the tane the tither,
TENNANT Papistry < 1827) 154. Ayr. A chiel wha'll soundly buff
our beef, BURNS Two Herds (1787) st. 13. Nhb.1 Obs. w.Yks.
(JE.B.) ; (G.B.W.) Shr.1 I took my 'at an' bufted 'im reel well
about the yed ; I wouldna thrash 'im.
Hence (i) Buffer, sb. (a) a boxer, bruiser; (b) an
excuse; (2) Bufting, vbl. sb. a punishment, chastise-
ment.
(i, a) N.I.1 Ant. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) (6) Lan. He
didno' mak two buffers o' turnin into th' ' Crown an' Kettle,'
BRIERLEY Waverlow (1863) 164, ed. 1884. (2) w.Yks. (JE.E.)
2. To thresh corn ; to give grain half threshing.
Sc. A field of growing corn, much shaken by the storm, is also
said to be buffed, Gl. Surv. Nairn (JAM.). n.Sc. He's been
bouffin at the flail sin four o'clock. He boufft an' threesh a' day
(W.G.).
3. To rebound, to make no impression on.
Wm. If thoo hits it wi' t'mell it nobbutbuffs (B.K.). LeUWhen
an axe or hatchet strikes without cutting, it is said to ' buff," and
such a piece of wood is said to ' buff' the axe. Nhp.1, War.3
Shr.2 It bufted up like a blether.
4. To muffle the clapper of a bell.
Nhp.1 War.3 The bells have been bufted. se.Wor.1, s.Wor.
(H.K.)
5. To embrace.
w.Yks.2 1 wor fit for booath cooartin' and buffin', MATHER 5ngs.
Sheffield (1862) 107.
6. To bother. Hrf.2, Glo.1
7. To labour heavily.
Nhb. Where's like Tyneside cheps for workin or owt ? Buffin
away, heart an' sowl, ALLAN Coll. Tyneside Sngs. (1872) 537, ed.
1891 ; He was buffin' at a back As hard as whinstone, WILSON
Pitman's Pay (1843) 27 ; Nhb.1
BUFF
BUFFIE
8. In phr. (i) to buff off, to finish off with the flail; (a)
the best of him is buft, said of one whose strength is
decreasing and who is getting old.
(i) Nhb. (R.O.H.) (2) Sc. (JAM.)
9. To lose by a bargain.
Bnff.1 'A sellt ma corn an' strae for audit guineas the ackre.'
'Weel, he'sbufft wee't; it's our dear.' Per. Not common (G.W.).
10. sb. A blow, which gives out a dull sound ; a blow
given by a boy to provoke another to fight.
n.Sc. (W.G.) Lth. With a rattling buff he gashed The furious
blind man's ear, McNEiLL Preston (c. 1895) 45. Nhb.1, Cum.1
11. The sound anything makes when it falls.
n.Sc. A gert's bottum cry bouff o' the fleer (W.G.).
12. Comp. Buff-peal, a muffled peal of bells.
s.Wor.1, se.Wor.1
13. adv. In phr. (i) to play buff, to make no impression ;
(2) to stand buff, to face boldly.
(i) Sc. The leid draps hadnae played buff upon the warlock's
body, STEVENSON Catriona (1892) xv. (2) Sc. Stand buff against the
reproach of thine over-tender conscience, SCOTT Nigel (1822) xii.
[1. There was a shock To have buffed out the blood
From ought but a block, JONSON Love's Welcome (1633), ed.
Cunningham, III. 217. 1O. MLG. buff, 'verber, ictus"
(SCHILLER-LUBBEN).]
BUFF, v.a and s6.5 Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lin. Lei. Nhp. Wor.
Shr. Hrf. Glo. e.An. Also in form baff Glo.1 ; buft w.Wor.1
Shr.12 ; bufty Shr.1 ; buffle Hrf.2 [buf, b^f.]
1. v. Of a dog : to bark gently.
n.Yks. T'dog buffs on (I.W.). w.Yks.1
2. To burst out laughing, laugh aloud. Sc. (JAM.)
3. To boast, talk big.
sw.Lln.1 She did buff and bounce. Snf. Commonly used
(C.G.B.).
4. To stammer, stutter.
w.Wor.1 Thaay've tuk a dill o' paay'ns wi' my Sam at the
school, an' amost cured 'im o' buftin'. s.Wor. (H.K.) Shr.1 'Er
butties a bit in 'er talk. Not commonly used. 'Ow that lad bufts
to-day ; Shr.2, Hrf.12, Glo.12
Hence (i) Buffer, sb., (2) Bufter, sb. a stammerer; (3)
Buffing, ppl. adj. stammering.
(i) Hrf.1 (2) Shr.12 (3) Hrf.2 Buffing Billy.
5. sb. Nonsense ; idle talk.
Sc. A haver o' buff, DONALD Poems (1867) 146. Elg. Tho' the
half o't were lees, an' the ither half buff, TESTER Poems (1865)
137. Abd. It only gies him pain To read sic buff, SHIRREFS Poems
(1790) 338. Edb. That's all buff, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) x.
e.Lth. A' I had to dae wasna as simple as AB buff. HUNTER
J. Inwick (1895) 123. Bwk. It was great buff to gie oursels any
concern about it, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 116.
6. In phr. (i) Buff nor baff, not a word good or bad;
(2) — nor bum, (3) — nor stye, neither one thing nor
another, nothing at all.
(i)Lei.* (2) Nhp.2 (3) Sc. I say neither buff nor stye to it,
SCOTT Redg. (1824) xii. Dmb. He kent 'neither buff nor stye
whether he was the Pope or wha he was, CROSS Disruption (1844)
x. Ayr. He would neither buff nor stye, GALT Entail (1823) li.
Lth. The letters are that ravelled that ye can neither make buff
nor stye o' them, STRATHESK More Bits (ed. 1885) 5. Nhb.1 'He
could neither say buff nor stye,' said of a simpleton, or of one who
is surprised past speech.
[2. Esclaffer, to buff, or burst, out into a laughter,
COTGR. (1611). 4. s'Esbouffer a parler, to buff or burst
out in speech, COXGR. 6. He wyste not what to saye buff
ne baff, CAXTON Reynard (1481) xxxix.J
BUFF, v.* Sc. In phr. to buff herrings, to steep salted
herrings in water and hang them up. QAM.)
Hence Buffed-herrings, sb. salted herrings steeped in
water, swollen out. (J.H.)
[Fr. bouffer, to puff, swell up (CoxGR.). See Buffets.]
BUFF, see Boof.
BUFFALO, sb. Yks. Also written buffla. The ox
horn used for the handles of pocket penknives.
w.Yks. Wi' buffla, buck, or booan, SENIOR Jerry Slit-Spring, 1. 6 ;
w.Yks.2
BUFFCOAT, sb. Dev. A large apple, plucked in
September and fit for eating about the end of December.
Dev.3 Well known, but going out of cultivation ; Dev.4
BUFFER, sb. Sc. Stf. Not. Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Shr.
e.An. Sus. Slang.
1. A foolish person, dolt, fool, buffoon.
Abd. My maister, puir buffer! OGG Willie Waly(i&-]$) no. Fif.
The wee buffer, no the height o' an ellwand either, ROBERTSON
Provost (1894) 180. Cld. (JAM.), Lei.1, Nhp.1, Shr.2, War.2,
e.An.i, Sus.2
Hence Buffer-headed, adj. doltish, stupid, loutish. Lei.1
2. A familiar term of address ; chap, fellow ; also used
half endearingly and half contemptuously to old people.
In gen. use.
Stf.2 Tel Sat aud bufar get ait aC roud sr eil bi run uar. Not.
(W.H. S.) War.2; War.3 Now you young buffer, what are you
doinghere? ne.Wor. (J.W.P.) Shr.2 How bist, oud buffer? Slang.
He seemed to think I'd not been treated well, And called me poor
old buffer, BARHAM Ingoldsby (ed. 1864) Misadv. at Margate.
3. The master of a household. Cf. gaffer. Shr.1
BUFFET, sb.1 In gen. dial, use in Sc. and n. and midl.
counties. Also e.An. [bu'fit.]
1. A low stool with three or four legs ; a stool made
with a board at each end instead of legs.
Sc. Sheffield Independ. (1874). w.Yks. Whear's t'buffet 'at we
hing wer cloaz aht wi'? (JE.3.); (J.J.B.) ; w.Yks.123*, Stf.1,
Der.12, nw-Der.1, Nhp.1
2. Comp. Buffet-stool, a low wooden stool set on a frame
like a table, gen. with four legs ; a trestle.
Sc. Jean brought the buffet-stool in bye, DOUGLAS Poems (1806)
96 (JAM.). Nhb. Obs. DJXON Whittingham yale(i8gs) 130 ; Nhb.1,
Dur.1 e. Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788). Lin. SKINNER (1671).
sw.Lin.1 Commonly used for resting a coffin on at the church-
yard gate, or in church. Shr.1 Obs. e.An.1
3. A hassock, footstool. Cf. bass, sb.1 4.
Nhb.1, Wm.1 Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Dec. 27, 1890). w.Yks.
He stumbles, when ... he is informed that it was merely a buffet,
HAMILTON Nugae Lit. (1841) 313; (J.T.) ; w.Yks.4 Lan. Wi a
buffet for his shoon to rest on, CHAPMAN Widder Bagshaw's Trip,
23. s.Lan. (F.R.C.), Stf.2 n.Lin.1 The difference between a bass
and a buffet seems to consist in the former being covered with
rush matting and the latter with carpet.
[1. Bofet, thre fotyd stole, . . . Buffett, stole, scabellum,
tripos, Prompt^
BUFFET, sb.2 n.Cy. Dur. Yks. Stf. Nhp. Bck. e.An.
Dev. Cor. Also written beaufet N.Cy.1 Nhp.1 Cor.
[bufe-t] A corner cupboard, a recess for holding glass
and china, gen. with glass doors.
N.Cy.1, Dur.1, e.Dur.1, w.Yks.4 w.Yks., n.Stf. (J.T.) Nhp.1 The
word as well as the thing itself is going out of fashion. Bck. This
china that decks the alcove Which here [at Olney] people call a
buffet, COWPER Gratitude (1786) in Wks., ed. Southey, IX. 351.
e.An.1, Suf.1 n.Dev. Reports Provinc. (1887) 4. w.Cor. In use in
Scilly and Zennor (M.A.C.) ; (J.W.)
[Beaufet, buffet or bufet, was anciently a little apartment
separated from the rest of a room, for the disposing
china and glass ware, CHAMBERS Cyclop. (1788). Fr.
buffet, ' a court cupboard, or high-standing cupboard, also,
a cupboard of plate' (CoxGR.).]
BUFFET, sb.3 and v. Nhp. War. Bdf. Wil.
1. sb. A blow with anything soft, as a cloth, &c. Nhp.1
2. v. To strike with anything soft.
War.3 To be buffeted with handkerchiefs was a penalty often
awarded in the game of forfeits.
Hence Buffeted about, phr. compelled by adverse
circumstances to remove from place to place. Nhp.1,
War.3
8. To fling the arms across the chest, as workmen, &c.
do to warm themselves. Bdf. (J.W.B.), n.Wil. (G.E.D.)
BUFFETS, sb. pi. Sc. A swelling in the glands of
the throat, mumps. Cf.branks. Abd. (G.W.),Ags.(jAM.),
Ayr. (J.F.)
[A der. of buff (to swell) ; Fr. bouffer. See Buff, v .«]
BUFFIE, adj. Sc. Also in form buffle (JAM.), [bu-fi.]
1. Fat, chubby.
Rnf. Their buffie hanns they clapwi' glee, YOUNG Pictures (1865)
53. Lth. His chin upon his buffy hand, BALLANTINE Poems
(1856) 21.
2. Shaggy, dishevelled.
Flf. A buffie head (JAM.).
BUFFING-KNIFE
[432]
BUGAN
BUFFING-KNIFE, sb. Shr.2 An instrument used by
shoemakers for scraping the bottom of soles, to make
them white.
BUFFLE, v. and sb. Yks. Wor. Hrf. Glo. e.An.
[bu-fl, be-fl.]
1. v. To handle clumsily.
e.An.1, Nrf.1 Nrf., Suf. HOLLOWAY.
2. To warm the hands in one's pockets or by beating
them together.
n.Ess. FORBY Gl. ; Still in use (H.H.M.).
8. With about : to fuss, be in confusion ; to bother.
n.Yks. While he was bufflin about, he wad tack neea noatish o'
t'neeam (I.W.). w.Yks. Shoo buffled abaht an' hardly knew if shoo
stood on her heead er her heels (B.K.). Hrf.2 s.v. Buff.
4. To fall out, give way.
Cmb. The window buffled out ;W.W.S.).
5. To stammer, have an impediment in the speech ; to
speak thickly, indistinctly. See Buff, v.a 4.
s.Wor.1 Hrf.2 He was a'way buffling in his talk. Glo. GROSE
(1790) MS. add. (H.) e.An.1, Nrt1
6. sb. A bother, difficulty.
e-An.1 Nrf. That'll hull him in a buffle, COZENS-HARDY Broad
Nrf. (1893) 86.
BUFFLE, see Boffle, Buffie.
BUFFLE-GREENS, sb. pi. Nhp.1 Brussels sprouts.
Called also Feather-legs and Muffle-greens (q.v.).
BUFFLE-HEAD, sb. Yks. Lin. Lei. Shr. e.An. Ken.
Sus. I.W. Dev. Cor. A stupid fellow, 'blockhead,'
simpleton.
e.Yks.1 n.Lin.' He's as big a bufflehead as thaay could fin' e'
all sheere. Dev. I don't want the bufflehead to be coming here,
BARING-GOULD /. Herring (1888) 405. Cor. High prenciple in a
bufflehead's like a fish-bone i' the throat — useful, but out o'
place, ' Q.' Troy Town (1888) xiii ; Cor.12
Hence Buffle-headed, adj. stupid, thick-headed.
(i) Lei.1, Shr.2, e.An.1 Ken. (P.M.); Ken.1 Ya buffle-headed
ass, MASTERS Dick and Sal ;c. 1821) st. 84. Sus. HOLLOWAY.
I.W.12 Dev. A buffleheaded sort of chap, BARING-GOULD /.
Herring (1888) 404. Cor. The buffleheaded fool, TREGELLAS Rur.
Pop. (1863) 35, ed. 1868.
[Buffle-head, buffelskop, plomperd, SEWEL (1727). Cp.
Du. buffel, a blockhead, or an asse (HEXHAM).]
BUFFLER, sb. Obsol. Wil. A cheat.
Wil. N. & Q. (1881) 6th S. iv. 106.
BUFFLIN, prp. Sc. [Not known to our correspon-
dents.] Rambling, roving, always engaged in some new
project or other, gen. applied to boys.
Twd. (JAM.) Slk. Rinnin" bufflin' through the heather in their
philabegs, HOGG Tales (1838) 705, ed. 1866.
BUFT, see Bought, Buff.
BUFTY, see Buff.
BUG, sb.1 and v.1 Sc. (JAM.) n.Cy. Lei. Nhp. War.
Written bugge Sc. (JAM.) [bug.]
1. sb. A bogey, phantom ; bugbear.
Sc. Obs. (JAM.) n.Cy. Denham Tracts (ed. 1895) II. 78. [GROSE
(1700^ MS. add. (M.)]
2. In phr. to take bug, (a) to take fright, be alarmed ; (b)
to take offence.
(i, a) Lei.1 I don't know whether your horse turned round of
his own accord or took bug. War. B'ham Wkly. Post (June 10,
1896) ; War.1 A startled horse takes bug ; War.23 (6) Lei.1 A
wur as nassty as nassty, but ah did'n mek caount as a wur woo'th
tekkin bug over.
3. v. To offend, take offence.
Lei.1 A wur quoite bugged ovver it. Nhp.1 He was quite bugged.
[1. Bug, an imaginary monster to frighten children with^
BAILEY (1721) ; Warwick was a bug that fear'd us all,
SHAKS. 3 Hen. VI, v. ii. 2; Thou shall not nede to be
afrayed for eny bugges by night, COVERDALE (1535) Ps.
BUG, sb* Irel. Chs. Stf. Shr. Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp.
Som. Dev. Amer. Also in form buggy s.Chs.1 Shr1
[bug, bBg.]
1. A general term for any insect, esp. those of the hard-
winged or beetle species.
Ken. Science Gossip (June 1874) H° ; Ken.12, Sur.1 Sur., Sus.
Most hard-winged insects are commonly called ' bugs,' JENNINGS
Field Paths (1884) 38 ; Sus.1 s.Hmp. Ye needn't be afraid o' him
nor any other ' bugs,' VERNEY L. Lisle (1870) iv. Som. W. & J.
Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 So snug as a bug in a rug. [Amer. Applied
to all insects of the Coleoptera order, FARMER ; BARTLETT.]
Hence (i) Bug-blinding, vbl. sb. insect killing with
whitewash ; (2) -hunting, vbl. sb. insect catching.
(i) Dev. 'Where are you going?' addressed by one workman
to another, carrying a pail of whitewash and a brush. ' Bug-
blinding,' Reports Provinc. (1889). (a) s.Hmp. He was fond of
beast, and birds, . . . and insects, ' bug-hunting' as it was irreverently
called, VERNEY L. Lisle (1870) v.
2. A louse, Pediculus humanus.
s.Chs.1 Stf.2 Eiz gotn sumot i iz jed bisoid bugz an leis. Shr.1
' I've bin dramin' about bugs i' my yed ; theer's sure to be sickniss
for some on us i' the 'ouse.' Bugs— as usually understood by
that appellation — would be distinguished from these pediculi as
' Bed-bugs.'
3. A caterpillar infesting fruit-trees. N.I.1
BUG, sb.3 War. A clot of mucus from the nose. Cf.
boggle.
War. NORTHALL Flk-Phr. (1894) 37 ; War.2 Also called 'crow.'
BUG, v.2 Obs. Ken. To bend.
Ken. LEWIS /. Tenet (1736) 51 ; GROSE (1790) ; Ken.12
BUG, v? Sc. Pret. of to big, build. Pp. buggen.
Sc. He bug the bought at the back o' the knowe, SCOTT
Minstrelsy (1802) III. 40, ed. 1848; Ye ken we joyfu' bug our
nest, WILSON Poems (1790) 189 (JAM.) ; My brither, ha'in buggen
the draucht, tuk the naig, Blackw. Mag. (Sept. 1818) 155 (ib.\;
MURRAY Dial. (1873) 203.
BUG, adj. Yks. and in gen. dial, use in e. and midl.
counties. Also in form bogg e.An.1 Nrf.1; boog sw.Lin.1
1. Conceited, vain, ' stuck-up ' ; forward, saucy.
e.Yks. As bug as a lad wiv a leather knife, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp.
(1889) 17. Der. (H.R.) ; Ow [she] nedna be so bug, N. & Q.
(1860) and S. ix. 315. Not. (L.C.M.) s.Not. He's noat of a
workman, for all he's so bug an' conceited (J.P.K.). Not.13 Lin.
He looks very bug of it, SKINNER (1671). nXin. He is as bug as
owt acos he has got th' fost prize (M.P.) ; niin.1 He's as bug
as th' Queen's coachman. sw.Lin.1 They've raised a boy at last,
and the old man is fine and boog about it. s.Lin. She wor ax'd
i' chuch this raornin', and worn't she bug about it (T.H.R.).
Rut.1 Lei.1 How bug y'are o' yer new cloo'es. War.3 As bug as
brass, s. & e.Cy. A very bog fellow, RAY (1691). e.An.1, Nrf.1
Hence Bug-words, sb. boasting words. Hrf.2
2. Pleased, glad, elated.
w.Yks.2 He wur rare and bug. Der.2, nw.Der.1 Not. He is fine
and bug wi' his new chair (L.C.M.). s.Not. When 'e seed the
money in 'is 'and, 'e wor fine an' bug (J.P.K.). Not2
Hence Buggy (boggy), adj. pleased, con tented, satisfied;
proud ; churlish.
Rut Said of the occupants of a new house : ' They were quite
buggy about it,' N. & Q. (1876) sth S. v. 445. e.An.2
3. Fine, gorgeous ; spruce.
n.Yks. (R.H.H.) e.Yks. (W.W.S.) ; In constant use. As bug
as a cheese (R.S.). Let1 It's to bug for may.
BUGABO(O, sb. Sc. Irel. Chs. Lin. Nhp. War. Shr.
Hrf. Glo. Hrt. Amer. Also in form buggy-bo s.Chs.1
1. A hobgoblin, ghost ; an imaginary object of terror.
Also used attrib. Cf. bucca-boo.
Inv. (H.E.F.), Fif. (JAM.), Ir. (G.M.H.), s.Chs.1, n.Lin.1, Nhp.1
War. (J.R.W.^ ; War.3 Don't tell me your bugaboo stories. Shr.1
Bugabo's comin', Tummy, if yo' binna still. Hrf.12, Glo.1, Hrt
(H.G.) [Amer. Dial. Notes (1896) I. 67.]
2. A troublesome, pestering person.
War.3 I can't abear to see him come near the house ; he's a
regular bugaboo.
BUGAN,s6. I.Ma.Chs.Shr.Hrf.Glo. Written buggan(e
I.Ma. Glo.2 ; buggin Chs.1 s.Chs.1 [bu'gan, bB-gan.]
1. An evil spirit, devil ; ghost, hobgoblin.
I.Ma. Ten to one you'd have a buggane riding on your breast
the night through, CAINE Manxman (1894) pt. vi. i. Chs. (E.F.) ;
Chs.1 s.Chs.1 Ah daa-r^nu goa- ulmil'kin, Dhu biig-in)z i)dhfl
bush, Pop. Sng. Shr.1 If yo' dunna be qweet I'll let bugan tak' yo'.
2. In phr. to play the bugan, play the devil with, destroy.
Hrf.1 Glo.2 It will play the very buggan with you.
[Wei. bwgan, a bogey, hobgoblin, ghost, bugbear, terri-
fying object (SILVAN EVANS) ; cp. Manx buggane, a bug-
bear (KELLY).]
BUGAUN
[433]
BUIST
BUGAUN, 5*. Irel. A soft-laid egg, one without
a shell.
s.Ir. In gen. use (P.W.J.). s.Lns., Wxf., Crl. (P.J.M.)
[Ir. bogdn, a soft egg, an egg in embryo (O'REILLY).]
BUGAW, see Bubow.
BUGDALIN, sb. Sh.I. The ceiling of a boat or ship.
Sh.I. No longer in use except among very old people (K.I.).
S. & Ork.i
BUGE, see Bulge.
BUGG, see Budge.
BUGGART, sb.1 Stf.2 [bu-gat.] A louse. See Bug,
sb.2 2.
BUGGART, sb.2 Stf.2 [bu'gat.] A pottery term:
a crude figure of a model made in one piece from the
mould.
BUGGER, sb. Obs. ? Glo. A hobgoblin, puck, ghost.
See Bucca.
Glo. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
BUGGEY-BO, sb. s.Chs.1 A louse. Cf. buggin.
BUGGIE, sb. Sh.I. [bu'gi.l
1. A sheep-skin bag with me wool off. Sh.I. (Coll.
L.L.B.), S. & Ork.1
Hence Buggie-flay, v. to flay an animal in such a
manner as to keep the skin entire from the neck down-
wards. S. & Ork.1
2. A nickname for a person with a large paunch, ib.
BUGGIN, sb. Chs.1 [bifgin.] A louse. Cf. bug-
gart, sb.1
BUGGINS, sb. pi. Irel. Large flesh blisters on the
foot.
Ant. I have walked till my feet are up in buggins, Ballymena
Obs. (1892).
[Ir. buicain, a pimple (O'REILLY). Gael, buicein (MAC-
LEOD & DEWAR).]
BUGGINS' HpPPER, sb. Glo. The appearance of
rayed clouds springing from a point in the sky ; a sign
of rain. (H.S.H.) [Not known to our other corre-
spondents.]
BUGGLE, s*.1 S. & Ork.1 1. A large bannock. 2.
Contp. Buggle-day, Mar. 29, when a ' buggle ' was baked
for each member of the family.
BUGGLE, sb? n.Sc. QAM.) [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] A morass, bog.
BUGGLE-ARSED, ppl. adj. Som. See below.
w.Som.1 You knows Page th'lgler — little, fat, buug'l aa'sud,
drunkin old fuller.
BUGGY, adv. Yks. [bu-gi.] Very, exceedingly. See
Bug, adj.
e.Yks.Whah,it was ower bad; An Ah felt buggy mad, NICHOLSON
Flk-Sp, (1889) 46; Quite common. Ah was buggy tired (R.S.).
BUGGY, see Bug, sb?
BUGGY-BANE, see Bunky-bean.
BUGGY-BO, see Bugabo(o.
BUGGY-COMB, sb. s.Chs.1 A small-toothed comb.
BUGH, see Boof.
BUGHT, see Bought.
BUG-HUNTER, sb. Lon. A robber of drunken men.
Lon. They loiter about the streets and public-houses to steal
from drunken persons, and are called ' bug-hunters' and ' mutchers,'
MAYHEW Loud. Labour (1851) IV. 282.
BUGLE, sb. Obs. Hmp. I.W. Also written beugle,
bewgle Hmp.1 A young bull.
s.Hmp. Its very sign ' The Bugle ' had lost its meaning, and
had to be interpreted by the picture of an ox, VERNEY L. Lisle
(1870) ix. Hmp.1, I.W.12
[AFr. bugle, a wild ox (Moisv) ; Lat. buculus, a young
bull]
BUGLES, sb. Hmp. The bugloss, Echium vulgare.
Hmp. (W.M.E.F.) ; Nature Notes, No. 3.
BUGLES, sb. pi. Shr. [biu-glz.] Beads of any kind.
Shr. (M.L.) ; Shr.1
BUGTH, see Bougth.
BUIK, v. Obs. \ Sc. Pret. of to beck. Cf. beck, v?
Abd. The lass paid hame her compliment, and buik, Ross
Helenore (1768) 71, ed. 1812.
BUIK, see Book.
VOL. I.
BUIL, sb. and v. Sh. & Or.I.
1. sb. A sheep-fold, a byre; one of the divisions or stalls
in a stable.
Sh.I. And that none scare, hound, or break up their neighbours
punds and bulls, under pain of iCio Scots, Agr. Suru. a (JAM.).
Or.I. (S.A.S.), S. & Ork.1
2. v. To drive sheep into a fold ; to house cattle.
Hence Builling, vbl. sb. the act of enclosing sheep or
cattle. S. & Ork.1
[1. ON. bol, the place where sheep and cows are penned.]
BUILD, v. Var. dial, usages in Sc. and Eng. [bfld.]
I. Gram, forms.
1. Pres. Tense : (i) Beeld, (2) Bield, (3) Beel, (4) Beild,
(5) Belde.
(i) Nhb.i (2) Nhb. (3) Nhb.1 (4) w.Yks.1 (5) Nhb.i
2. Pret. : (i) Belt, (2) Builded.
(i) n.Yks.2, w.Yks. (2) Wor., Cmb., Sur.
II. Dial. uses.
1. To pile, to stack.
Sc. My mother, to keep them [the peats] dry, aye builds them
under our beds, WHITEHEAD Daft Dav ie (1876) 139, ed. 1894.
Hence (i) Builder, sb. a man who builds the rick ; (2)
Building, sb. a stack, or rick of wheat, beans, clover, &c.
(i) Oxf.1 MS. add. (2) Bdf. A building of wheat (J.W.B.).
2. With prep, on : to depend on.
n.Lin. You can't build o' what doctors says ; why th're paaid to talk
nist to a body (M.P.) ; n.Lin.1 He built on keapin' th' farm wheSre
his faather deed.
3. With prep, up : to inspire with hope. n.Lan.1, n.Lin.1
BUILDED,/*. w.Som. Of an egg just before hatching:
cracked at the larger end. See Beal, sb.3
w.Som.1 Dhur-z vaawur u-aa-ch-n dree moar u-bee'uldud [there
are four (already) hatched, and three more builded],
BUIL Y, sb. Or.I. A feast. Or.I. (S.A.S.), S. & Ork.1
BUIRD, see Board.
BUIRDLY, adj. Sc. Nhb. Cum. I.Ma. Also written
boordlyNhb.1; beardly n.Cy. ; bierly Abd.; beirly N.Cy.1
Stalwart, well-made, fine-looking.
Sc. Twelve buirdly sons and daughters, Scorr Guy M. (1815)
xxxii ; A bang o' buirdly fishermen, DRUMMOND Muckomachy
(1846) 46. Abd. His cousin was a bierly swank, SKINNER Poems
(1809) 6. Frf. He was fair and buirdly, wi' a full face, BARRIE
Tommy (1896) 107. Per. Saunders wes a buirdly man aince, IAN
MACLAREN Brier Bush (1895) 269. Flf. Owr a' the millers o' this
shire His buirdly stature did aspire, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 68.
Rnf. Although she's no a beauty She's buirdly and she's stout,
BARR Poems (1861) 38. Ayr. An' buirdly chiels, an' clever hizzies,
Are bred in sic a way as this is, BURNS Twa Dogs (1786) 1. 85.
Lnk. A younker nae mair, but a blythe buirdly carle, HAMILTON
Poems (1865) 293. e.Lth. A muckle buirdly chiel he had been in
his day, HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) 192. Slk. Oh ! but you were
a buirdly auld carle, CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) IV. 181. n.Cy.
Border Gl. (Coll. L. L.B.) Nhb. A thoosan' bucklors ... a' belangin'
tiv boordly, clivor men, RoBSONS«^. Sol. (1860) iv. 4 ; Sic dreams
o' buirdly sheep and cattle. And heaps o' neeps, STRANG Earth
/«•«</ (i 893) pt.i. St. 4; Nhb.1 He's a boordly leukinchep. Cum.Two
miners, buirdly fellows, CAINE Hagar (1887) III. 118. I.Ma. The
sleek little tailor and . . . the buirdly maltster, CAINE Deemster
(1887) 26, ed. 1889.
BUIS(E, see Boose.
BUIST, sb.1 Sc. Also written bust S. & Ork.1 ; and
in form buit QAM.).
1. A box or chest. Cf. boist, sb}, boit, sb.1
Sc. The meal-buist. The tar-buist in which the tar is kept for
marking sheep JAM.). OrJ. (S.A.S.), S. & Ork.i Lnk. Twa
buits of barkit blasnit leather. RAMSAY Tea- Table Misc. (1724) 1. 175.
2. Obsol. A coffin. Hence Buistmaker, sb. a coffin-
maker. Lth. (JAM.)
3. The match for a firelock.
Sc. There were no lighted buits among the musketry, BAILLIE
Lett. (1775) II. 275 (JAM.).
4. Fig. A thick or gross object.
Per. A dirty buisht (G.W.). Lnk. He's a buist of a fallow [a gross
man]. A buist of a horse [a strong-bodied horse] (JAM.).
[Alexander incloset the reliques of S. Margaret in a
capsell or siluir buist, DALRYMPLE Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1596)
I. 340; A buyste (v.r. bust), /ms, Cath. Angl. (1483).]
3K
BUIST
[434]
BULK
BUIST, sb.2 and v. Sc. Nhb. Nhp. Also written
buest, baste N.Cy.1 Nhb.1; bust N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Nhp.1;
byest, beyst Nhb.1 ; boost Sc.
1. sb. An instrument for marking sheep ; a branding-
iron.
Inv. Usually a piece of wood on one end of which is carved
a distinctive mark, which is impressed on thesheep with tar (H.E. F.).
Nhb.1
2. A mark ol ownership made with tar upon sheep or
cattle.
Sc. He has not the buist of these black cattle, SCOTT Monastery
(1820) xxxiv; Or catch them in a net or girn Till I find out the
boost or birn, RUICKIE Cottager (1807) 112. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Nhp.1
3. v. To mark cattle or sheep with tar.
Sc. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). Slk. The farmers hae been
buisting their sheep, HOGG Poems (ed. 1865) 19. N.Cy.1 Nhb.1
After clipping, each sheep is byeasted. Nhp.1
Hence Buisting-iron, sb. the instrument used in mark-
ing sheep.
Slk. Adamson . . . with the buisting-iron struck a dog, HOGG
Tales (1838) 301, ed. 1866.
[The same as Buist (above).]
BUIST, see Boost.
BUIT, see Buist, sb.1
BUITIE, see Bootie.
BUITTLE, v. Rxb. (JAM.) To walk ungracefully,
taking short, bouncing steps.
BUK, see Bouk.
BUKE, v.1 Chs. To litter ; to use for bedding.
Chs.1 ; Chs.3 It will only do for buking the yard.
BUKE, v? Sc. Also written bewk. Fret, and pp. of
to bake.
nw.Abd. I buke the kyaaks aye wi' fye, Goodwife (1867) st. 40.
Lnk. Maggie by this has bewk the supper scones, RAMSAY Poems
'1727) 92, ed. 1733.
[The cornes in quernis of stane Thai grand, and syne
buik at the fire, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, n. 32.
OE. hoc, pret. of bacan, to bake.]
BULBACK, sb. S. & Ork.1 In phr. to take bulback, to
take the upper hand.
BULCH, sb. Bnff. A stout person or animal. Cf.
bolsh, bulchin.
Bnff. Sic a bonnie bulch o' a bairn is that it ye' re cairrin' < W.G.).
BULCH, v. Cor. [bBltf.] To butt, push with the
head. Cf. bulk, v?
Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 544. w.Cor. THOMAS Randigal
Rhymes (1895) Gl. ; Cor.3 His little maid come out and bulched
agen the other chap.
BULCHIN, sb. Shr.
1. Obs. A calf. See Bullkin.
[WORLIDGE Diet. Rust. (1681).]
2. A stout child. Cf. bulch. Shr.2
BULDER, sb. and v. Sc. Nhb. e.An. Also in form
buller Sc. N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 e.An.1 ; see below.
1. sb. A loud gurgling noise ; a bellowing. Cf. bolder, sb.2
Abd. (JAM.) Slk. Buller, buller down my throat, HOGG Queer
Book (1832) 99. N.Cy.1, e.An.'
2. v. To make a gurgling or rattling noise; to gush out;
to bellow, roar.
S. & Ork.1 Ags. [It] would duck under water, snorting and
bullering, SPALDING Hist. Troubles (1792) I. 46 (JAM.). Frf. You
that aye 'mang water buller, BEATTIE Arnha' (c. i8ao) 29, ed.
1882. Gall. It boils and bullers deep an' dark, HARPER Bards
(1889) 37. N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 When the spirit moved me at last, the
words cam bullerin oot. e.An.1
Hence Bullering, (i) vbl. sb. gurgling, roaring; (2)
ppl. adj. bellowing, gurgling.
Sc. (i) We could hear a bullering of the sea, STEVENSON
Catriona (1892) xxix. (2) That great bullering whale, the public,
it. Vailima Lett. (1895) 95.
[Norw. dial, bulder, buller, a bubbling circle or whirlpool
(AASEN) ; Da. bulder, the gurgling noise of water ; cp. Sw.
buller, noise (WIDEGREN).J
BULDERING, adj. Som. Dev. Cor. Written boldering
Cor.12; bouldering Dev. Also in form boldery Dev. ;
buldery w.Som.1 nw.Dev.1 Of weather or sky : threaten-
ing, thundery ; sultry.
w.Som.1 We shall have rain avore long, looks so buul'duree.
Dev. Great bouldering clouds, Reports Provinc. (1889) ; Dev.1
Cruel hot, buldering, quilstering weather, 8. n.Dev. Let tha melk
be buckard in buldering weather, Exm. Scold, (1746) 1. 205.
nw.Dev.1 Cor.1 2 'Tis boldering hot.
BULE, see Bool.
BULF, sb. Sc. [bulf.] A fat person ; used esp. of
children. BnfT.1
Hence (i) Bulfart, sb. a big, clumsy person ; (2) Bulfie,
adj. stupid ; (3) Bnlfin, sb. a very stout person.
(i) Bnff.1 (2) Abd. (JAM.) (3) Bnff.1
BULFER, BULFIS, see Bull-flest.
BULGAD, see Beergood.
BULGE, v. and sb. Irel. Yks. Stf. Shr. Also Som.
Also in forms bodge Stf.2 ; buge e.Yks.1 [bulg, bBlg.]
1. v. To indent ; to batter out of shape.
w.Yks. (J.T.) Shr.1 Somebody's gid that new milk-tin a fine
knock an' bulged the side in. Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng.
(1825). w.Som.1 Dhee-s u-buulj-een mee aaf [thou hast battered
in my hat].
2. To distend ; to become distended.
e.Yks.1 Stf.2 Dunna thel bodge thi pockets ait wi apples a
thatns. Louk ai iz pokits boj ait.
8. sb. An indentation ; an impression caused by a blow.
Yks. Tryin to tak th' bulge aght ov his chest, HARTLEY Sts.
Paris, 58. Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825). w.Som.1
How come this here gurt bulge in the spranker?
4. A fat, gluttonous person. Ant. (W.H.P.)
BULGRANACK, sb. Cor.12 [bu'lgraenak.] The 'bull-
toad.'
[Bui '+ granack ; OCor. cranag, a frog, also cronec, cp.
croinoc, a toad (WILLIAMS). Bui is the same as bull, sb.^ ;
cp. lit. E. and Amer. bull-frog.}
BULGRANADE, sb. Cor.12 The stickleback.
BULHORN, sb. Cor. A snail.
Cor. If tinners in going to ' bal ' met a bulhorn they always
took care to drop before it a ' crum ' from their dinner, or bit of
grease from their candle, for good luck, BOTTRELL Trad. (1873*
194; Cor.12
BULING. vbl. sb. Lan. Linking arm in arm. Cf.
bool, sb.1 Lan. ( T.L.) ; Lan.1
BULK, sb.1 Nhb. Der. Lin. Won Cor. Also in form
bilk Wor.
1. Obs. A beam ; the open stall of a shop. Cf. balk,
sb.1 II. 1.
Nhb.1 The shop windows retained, within living memory, what
were known as open bulks, Old Newc. (1887) 4. Der.1
Hence (i) Bulker, sb. an open shop-front, a counter ;
a wooden hutch in a workshop or a ship ; (2) Bulk -headed,
adj. stupid ; said of one who is always ' running his head
against a wall.'
(i) Lin. SKINNER (1671); RAY (1691); Sides o' beef from
ceiling swung, above the bulker, BROWN Poems (1890) 72. n.Lln.1
(a) Cor.12
2. Obs. An old-fashioned fireside settle or seat.
Wor. A fairy lamenting over his broken bilk, which was a kind
of cross-barred seat, ALLIES Antiq. (1852) 419 ; (H. K.)
BULK, s6.2 Chs.1 s.Chs.1 [bulk.] The internal part
of the vagina of a cow.
BULK, sb.3 and v.1 Cor.12 1. sb. A pile of salted
pilchards. 2. v. To cure pilchards with salt. Cf. balk, v.
II. 2.
BULK, v?- Cor. To toss or butt with the horns. Cf.
boke, v.1, bulch, v.
Cor. The poor little heifer bulked un in the side, TREGELLAS
Tales (1868) 139; Cor.12
BULK, v.a e.An. Som. Dev. Cor. To belch, eructate.
Cf. boke, v?
Snf. (F.H.) Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). Dev. Dawnt yu bulkee
in my veace again, HEWETT.P«IS 5^1892). w.Cor. (M.A.C.),Cor.2
[Bulk not as a beene were yn bi throte, Harl. MS.
(c. 1480) 47, in Meals &° Manners, ed. Furnivall, 267.]
BULK, v* Yks. e.An. Also written booak n.Yks.2;
boolk, bullock Suf.1 [bulk, bok, boak.] To throb,
palpitate.
n.Yks.2 It booaks an loups. e.An.1 Snf. A gathering is said to
' bulk or bullock wonnerful,' e.An. Dy. Times (1893) ; (F.H.) ; Suf.1
BULKER
[435]
BULL
Hence Bulking, (ij vbi sb. a throbbing in the flesh;
(2) ppl. adj. throbbing, palpitating.
(i) e.An.1, Nrf.1 (2) n.Yks.1, Suf. (F.H.)
BULKER, sb. Sc. The puffin, Fmtercula arc/tea. See
Bouger.
Heb. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 220.
BULKY, sb. Sc. Irel. Slang. A policeman ; also
used attrib.
Kcd. The bulky lads were aye about, JAMIE Muse (1844) 113.
N.I.1 Slang. Keep out of the vay of the bulkies, LYTTON Paul
Clifford (1848) 257.
BULL, sb.1 Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
1. In phr. (i) the black bull of Noroway, an imaginary
monster ; (2) the black bull's trodden on him, he is in a bad
temper; (3) as fell as a bull, angry, savage ; (4) to get the
bull down, in Sheffield : to finish extra work before
Christmas ; (5) the bull's head, a signal of condemnation
and execution ; obs. ; (6) to play with the bull, to run need-
less risks, to be foolhardy.
(i) Ags. A child is kept quiet by telling it the Black Bull of
Noroway shall take it, Blackw. Mag. (Feb. 1817) 117 (JAM.).
(2, 3) n.Lin.1 (4) w.Yks. Has tha getten t'bull dahn, Jack ? SENIOR
Smithy Rhymes (1882) 59 ; w.Yks.2 s.v. Bull-week (q.v.). (5) Sc.
If the bull's ill-omen'd head Appear to grace the feast, SCOTT
Minstrelsy (1802) II. 399 QAM.). (6) n-Lln.1 You'll plaay wi' th'
bull while you get a horn in yer ee.
2. Comb, (ij Bull-badgering, bull-baiting ; (2) -baiting,
a disturbance among neighbours ; (3) -box, a small barn
in which a bull is kept; (4) -chain, a chain attached to a
car in a coal-mine ; cf. jackcatch ; a chain in a cow-stall ;
(5) -coppie, the yard or croft in which a bull is kept ; (6)
-dance, a merrymaking at cattle-show feasts ; (7) -faces,
tufts of coarse grass ; a laid mass of growing wheat ; (8)
•grips, iron clasps for leading a bull by the nose ; (9)
•hassocks, raised tufts of grass; (10) -hided, unable to
sweat; (n) -hole, a deep hole in a 'beck'; (12) -jumpings,
the first milk given after calving, ' beestings,' q.v. ;
a custard made of 'beestings'; (13) -'s liver, a hard
peaty substance found below the surface of marshy soil ;
see below ; (14) -lugged, strong, thick ; esp. of leather ;
(15) -men, rearers of bulls ; (16) -'s noon, midnight ; (17)
•nosed, flattened ; (18) -pated, of grass : beaten down by
wind or rain ; (19) -ring, see below ; (20) -scurrying,
rough horseplay; (21) -scutter, liquid excrementum of a
bull after gorging with new grass ; Jig. anything worthless
and nasty ; (22) -seg, a bull castrated when full grown ;
(23) -sowerlugs, a sullen fellow ; (24) -squitter, a fuss
about a trifle ; (25) -stag, (26) -stub, see -seg ; (27)
•week, the week before Christmas, in Sheffield ; see
below ; (28) -wheel, to case a wet hole with clay for shot
firing; (29) -wolloper, a cattle-dealer; (30) -young-uns,
the rubbish in a deserted bird's-nest.
(i) n.Yks.2 (a) Der.2, nw.Der.1 (3) Oxf.1 MS. add. <v4)
w.Yks. (J.H.B.), Shr.2 (5) Cum. (J.Ar.) (6) n.Yks.12 (7)
Nhb.1 Called also bull-fronts, buff-fronts, bull-snouts, and winnel-
strae. Cum.1, n.Yks.2, ne.Yks.1, Chs.1 s.Chs.1 Dhur)z u men-i
bul'-fai'siz i dhaaf weeCit. (8) Cum. Ye'll want the bull-grips to
keep him quiet, CAINE Shad. Crime (1885) 33 ; Cum.1, Chs.1
(9) n-Lin.1 (10) w.Yks.2 (n) nXin.1 (12) Cum.1, Wm. (B.K.),
n.Yks. (W.H.) w.Yks. WILLAN List Wds. (1811). n-Lan.1,
ne.Lan.1 (13) s.Chs.1 Stf.2 'Bull's liver and sawdust' is a
meaningless term used in answering an awkward or impertinent
question. (14) e.Yks.1 (15) Lin. Fashionable breeders and bull-
men, MARSHALL Review (1811) III. 177. (16) Lan. Stood gawpin
at um till bull-noon, SCHOLES Tim Gamwatlle (1857) 58. e-An.1,
Nrf.1, Cmb.1 Ess. No bull's-noon hours I'll ha ya keep, CLARK
J. Noakes (1839) 17 ; Gl. (1851) ; Ess.1 (17) Der. The nuts most
prized for the game of ' cob-nut ' were ' bull-nosed cobberers ' or
' cob-nuts,' or ' bulleys,' N. & Q. (1890) 7th S. ix. 138-9. (18) Nhp.1
(19) Cum. He wad shek the bull-ring, and brag the heale town,
ANDERSON Ballads (1805) 59 ; Cum.1 To ' shak t'bull-ring ' was to
challenge the village, &c. , to produce a champion to fight the
1 shakker.' (20) Lan. There's olez a lot o* slotchin* an' bullscurryin'
aftherone o' thoose doments, CLEGG David's Loom (1894) xv. (21)
Lan. O' beggar-berm an' bull-scutter, WAUGH Chimn. Comet (ed.
1879) 56 ; Lan.1, e.Lan.1 (22) Sc. Roaring like bull segs, SCOTT
Monastery (1820) iv. n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, n.Yks.12,
ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. Makinge a bull segge of a bull that is two or three
years old, BEST Farming Bk. (1642) 141-2. m.Yks.1 w.Yks.
HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781). n.Lin.1, Der.2, War. (J.R.W.)
(23) n.Yks.2 (24) se.Wor.1 (25^. War.3, Glo.12 Hrt. ELLIS Mod.
Hush. (1750) V. i. Wil.1 Almost obs. Dor.1, w.Som.1 126) SUr.1
(27) w.Yks. What sooat an a bull week had ta? BYWATER
Sheffield Dial. (1839) 22 ; When the work is over the men say
they have ' gotten t'bull by t'tail,' Sheff. Leader (Mar. 1874) ;
w.Yks.2 The cutler works harder than usual during this week.
At the end of the last century a master told his workmen that if
they got their work done before Christmas they should have
a bull cut up amongst them; w.Yks.4 (28) w.Yks. (S.K.C.)
(29) Dev. Reports Provinc. (1895). (30) s.Chs.1 Eyur)z u neyst fill
u biil-yungg'unz.
3. Comb, in plant-names: (i) Bulls-and-cows, Arum
maculatum, cuckoo-pint ; (2) -s-and-wheys, (a) A. macula-
turn ; (b) Aconitum napellus, monk's-hood ; (3) -s-bags,
any tuberous orchid ; (4) -bine, Clematis vitalba, wild
clematis ; (5) -s' brows, patches of rough tangled grass,
esp. Aira caespitosa; (6) — buttercup, Caltha palusiris,
marsh marigold ; (7) — daisy, Chrysanthemum leucanthe-
mum, ox-eye daisy ; (8) — flower, see — buttercup ; (9)
•'s foot, Tussilago farfara, colt's-foot; (10) -'s forehead,
(n) -front, see -s' brows; (12) -grass, Bromus mollis;
(13) -haws, the double-stoned fruit of hawthorn ; (14)
•jumpling, Trollius europaeus, globe flower ; (15) -pates,
(16) -peats, (17) -poll, see -s' brows; (18) -rattle, (a)
Lychnis vespertina, white campion ; (b) Silene inflata,
bladder campion ; (19) -seg, (a) see -bags ; (b) Typha
latifolia, bulrush ; (20) -slop, Primula variabilis, large
hybrid oxlip ; (21) -thistle, Carduus lanceolatus ; see
Boar-thistle; (22) -toppin, see -s' brows; (23) -tree,
Sambucus nigra, elder ; see Bour-tree ; (24) -tussock,
see -s' brows.
(i) N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Also called Lam-lakens. e.Yks.1, w.Yks.1,
ne.Lan.1, n.Lin.1 Nhp.1 Also called Bobbin and Joan. War.1
(2, a) Wm., n.Yks. (b) n.Wm. Also called Priest's Pillys (B.K.).
(3) Ags. People attribute a talismanic and aphrodisiacal virtue to
the root (JAM.). (4) Hrt., Hmp. (5) Som. (W.F.R.) (6) Ess.
(7) Cum., n.Yks., Chs.1, e.An. (8) Dev.« (g) s.Bck. (to) n.Cy.
GROSE (1790) Suppl. e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Emu. (1788).
Som. (W.F.R.) (n) Cum.1, w.Yks.1 (12) Rxb. Science Gossip
(1876) 39. Nhb.1 Called also Goose grass. (13) N.Cy.1, Nhb.1,
n.Yks.2 (14) n.Yks. (15) Shr.1, Hrf. (W.W.S.). Glo. (A.B.)
(16) Nhb.1, s.Wor.1, Glo.1 (17) Glo.1 Wil. Bull polls, on which
snakes often coil in the sunshine, JEFFERIES Gt. Estate (1880) ii;
Wil.1 (18, a) Bck. (6)Bck.,I.W. (19) Sc. (JAM.) (20) Chs.1 (21)
n.Ir. Dor. (G.E.D.) w.Som.1 Beol-duyshl— daash-1. (22) Cum.1,
Der.2, nw.Der.1 (23) Cum. (24) Der.2, nw.Der.1
4. Comb, in names of animals, &c. : (i) Bull-bird, Aegia-
litis hiaticula, ringed plover; (2) -of-the-bog, Botaurus
stellaris, bittern ; (3) -fit, Cypselus apus, swift ; (4) -french,
a bullfinch ; (5) -frog, an imaginary monster ; (6) -huss,
Scyllium catulus, large spotted dog-fish ; (7) -joan, (a)
a small fish with a large head, prob. Coitus gobio ; (b)
a tadpole; (8) -jub, (9) -knob, Coitus gobio; see Bull -head;
(10) — ma.ckerel,Scomberscombrus; (n) -olph, see -french;
(12) -rout, Gobius minutus, goby; (13) -spink, (a) Fringilla
coelebs, chaffinch ; (b) bullfinch; (14) -slang, a dragon-fly;
a gadfly; (15) -stanger, a horse-fly; (16) -tang, a dragon-
fly ! (Z7) -thrush, Turdus viscivorus, missel thrush ; see
Bothresh; (18) -ting, see -tang; (19) -trout, a large
variety of salmon trout.
(i) I.W.a (2) Sc. The deep cry of the bog-blitter, or bull-of-the-
bog, SCOTT Guy M. (1815) i. Rxb. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 146.
(3) Dmf. (JAM-) (4) Lnk- ('*•) (5) n-Dev- Believed to live under
the foundation stones of old houses, &c., N. & Q. (1850) ist S. ii.
512. (6) Ken.1 Sus. N. & Q. (1879) 5th S. xii. 193. (7,0) w.Yks.
Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 9, 1892). e-Lan.1 (b) Lan. Th' raisin-
puddin' 'at owd Mall made, wi' bull-jones in it, WAUGH Besom Ben
(1865) i ; Lan.1, e.Lan.1 (8) [SATCHELL (1879).] (9) Shr.2 (10)
[SATCHELL (1879).] (n) Nrf. Science Gossip (1882) 283; (G.E.D.)
(12) Ken.1 (13,0) n.Cy. GROSE (1790) Suppl. n.Yks.123, ne.Yks.1
e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788) ; e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1, w.Yks.=,
ne.Lan.1 (6) w.Yks.23, e.Lan.1 (14) N.Cy.1 Cum. GROSE (1790) ;
Gl. (1851); Cum.1 Wm. That mare will run away if she hear
a bull-stang buzzing about (B.K.); Wm.1 n.Yks.1 Called also
Flying-ether and Stang ; n.Yks.2, ne.Yks.1, m.Yks.', ne.Lan.1
(15) Cum. (M.A.R.) (16) m.Yks.1 (17) Hrap. WISE New Forest
3 K 2
BULL
[436]
BULLET
(1883) 189 ; Hmp.1 (18) w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. g, i8g2\
(19) N.Cy.1 Tarras for the good bull-trout, Old Rhyme. Nhb.1
5. A steam whistle used in factories, &c. War., Wor.
(J.W.P.) Oxf.1 MS. add.
6. A large marble. N.I.1
7. A round bar of iron, used in blasting wet stone.
Nhb.1 Nhb., Dnr. This process consists in filling a drill hole in
wet stone with strong clay, and then driving a round iron rod,
nearly the size of the hole, to its far end, previous to putting in
the gunpowder, GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849). w.Yks.1
8. A prop to prevent a set of ' tubs ' from falling down
a mine-shaft.
Nhb.1 Also called 'a cow.' The recoil of the load causes the
horns of the cow, or bull, to be thrust into the ground, whilst the
bull holds the weight
BULL, sb.2 Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Lin. Shr. [bul.] The
bar or beam of a harrow. Cf. bowle, sb., bun, sb.s
Or.I. (JAM.) Nhb.1 Disting. from the lighter crossbars, orsheth.
n.Yks. (I.W.); n.Yks.1 ne.Yks.1 In common use. m.Yks.1,
ne.Lan.1 n.Lin.1 Also called Buns. Shr.12
[An oxe-harowe, the whiche is made of sixe smal
peces of timbre, called harowe-bulles, made eyther of
asshe or oke. . . . The horse-harrowe is made of fyue
bulles, FITZHERBERT Hush. (1534) 24. Dan. dial, bul, pi.
bulle, the beams of a harrow (MOLBECH).]
BULL, sb? Sh. & Or.I.
1. The chief farm-house on an estate. S. & Ork.1 Cf.
bow, sb*
2. A dry, sheltered place.
Sh.I. Driving [flocks] for shelter in time of snow, to what are
called bulls, App. Agr. Sun. 44 (JAM.). S. & Ork.1
[Norw. dial, bol, an abode (AASEN) ; ON. bol; in Icel.
common in local names.]
BULL, sb* Nhb. Wm. Yks.
1. A whetstone for a scythe. Nhb.1, w.Yks.1
Hence Bullint g, adj. Of a scythe : growing blunt.
Wm.1 Thor lay's a bullin. w.Yks.1
2. Comp. Bull-stone, a whetstone. Wm. (B.K.), Wm.1,
ne.Yks.1, w.Yks.1
[ON. bollr, a ball.]
BULL, v. Sc. Yks. Chs. Not. Lin. Shr. Som.
1. To desire the bull ; to serve a cow. Sc. (JAM.), n.Yks.1
Hence Bulling (bullen), ppl. adj. Of a cow : maris
appetens.
Sc. (JAM.) s.Chs.1 (s.v. Brim). s.Not. (J.P.K.), n-Lin.1, Shr.2
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825).
2. Of cattle: to tear up fences. w.Yks.1
BULLACE, sb. Sc. and in gen. use in Eng. Also in
forms bollas m.Yks.1 ; bolace Wor. ; bullas m.Yks.1
w.Yks.4 Oxf.1 ; bullasen Stf. ; buller(s Chs.1 s.Chs.1 ;
bullases Brks.1 ; bullies n.Lin.1 Nhp.1 Hit. ; bulloe Lan.1
e.Lan.1; bully w.Yks.2 sw.Lin.1 s.Not. Not.3; bullen Som.;
bull-horn Dev. ; bulling Shr.2 Som.nw.Dev.1; bullumfs
Dev.4 Cor.12
1. A wild plum ; gen. Prunus insititia, a larger variety
than the sloe, P. spinosa. Also used attrib. Cf. bullister.
w.Sc. (JAM. Suppl.), Dur.1 Com. An e'e 'at's as breet as a
bullace, DICKINSON Remains (1888) 226; (M.P.) ; Cum.1, Wm.
(B.K.), n.Yks.12, ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) ;
e.Yks.1 m.Yks.1 The word is the synonym for what is bright, black,
or sour. w.Yks.124, Lan.1, eXan.1, Chs.1, s.Chs.1, Stf. (E.F.),
nw.Der.1, s.Not. (J.P.K.), Not.3 Lin. Bullace cheese is preserve
made of fruit of blackthorn (J.C.W.). n-Lin.1, sw.Lin.1, Nhp.1,
War.23, Wor. (J.W.P.), Shr.2, Glo.1, Oxf.1 MS. add., Brks.1, Hnt.
(T.P.F.), Cmb.1 ne.Ken. A half-wild plum found in many cottage
gardens (H.M.). Hmp. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) Som.
JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1
Dev. Bullums gin is gude vur tha colic, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892)
Dev.14 n.Dev. Sloans, bullans, and haigles be about, ROCK Jim an'
Nell(i86i) st. 12. nw.Dev.1 Not the sameas crislingorslone; the
former is much larger and the latter smaller. Cor.12
Hence Bullosin, vbl. sb. gathering ' bullaces.'
Not. The little gell's gone a bullosin (L.C.M.). Nhp.2
2. Comp. (i) Bully-blow, (2) -flower, blackthorn blossom.
sw-Lin.1 Some folks '11 call it Bully-blow, and some Sloe-blow.
[Bullace vel bullis, Prunum Sylvestre, SKINNER (1671) ;
The bullesse and the sloe tree are wilde kindes of plums,
GERARDE Herb. (ed. 1633) 1408; Bolaces & blake-berics,
Wm. Pal. (c. 1350) 1809. Wei. bwlas, bulas, wild plums
(SILVAN EVANS) ; Bret, bolos (Du RUSQUEC). Cp. It.
bulloi, ' bullos, shegs, sloes' (FLORIO).]
BULLARD, sb. Obsol. Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin. Shr. Also
informbellartn.Cy.Chs.123; bellerts.Lan.; bullart Lan.1 ;
bullward w.Yks.3 The man who has charge of a bull,
a ' bull-ward ' ; a runner at a bull-running. See Bellart.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). w.Yks.3 s.Lan. BAMFORD Dial. (1850).
Lan.1 A greight brawsen bullart, "WAUGH Chimn. Corner (1874).
Chs.1 The man who looked after the game bull that was bated at
Mobberley Wakes ; Chs.23 Lin. A name given to the admirers
and supporters of bull-running at Stamford, CHAMBERS Bk. of Days
(1869) II. 574 ; For which legacy every bullard [at Stamford]
ought to drink on that day [Nov. 13], LOWE in Hone's Every-day
Bk. (1825) I. 1484 ; Lin.1 The bullards had uncouth and antic
dresses, which they prepared against the grand day. Shr.2
BULLAS, see Bullace.
BULLAX, sb. Bnff.1 Also in form balax. 1. A hatchet.
2. Comp. Bullax-vright, a clumsy, unskilful wright.
[Dan. bui-^xe, a heavy axe ; ON. bol-tyx, a carpenter's
axe.]
BULL-BEEF, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Not. Lei. Nhp.
War. Ken.
1. In phr. (i) as big or bold as bull-beef, proud, conceited ;
(2) as big as bull-beef, very intimate.
(i) w.Yks.1 Stf.2 Ei went dain dh' streit az big az bulbeif.
Not.1, Lei.1, Nhp.1, War.3, Ken. (P.M.) (2) Stf.2 Dhei'ar az big
az bulbeif tagethar.
2. The young shoots of wild roses and blackberries, freq.
eaten by children. Chs.1
3. A fall on a slide. m.Lan.1
BULL-BEGGAR, sb. Sc. n.Cy. Also Wil. Dor. Som.
Dev. Also written -bagger Dor. Dev. ; boobagger Som. ;
bully-bagger Wil. A hobgoblin ; anything that causes
a scare ; a scarecrow.
Ayr. A man with great holes in his elbows and look altogether
like what we call a bull-beggar, GALT Life Byron (1830) 73. n.Cy.
Denham Tracts (ed. 1895) II. 78. Wil. (K.M.G.), Dor. (H.J.M.)
w.Dor. ROBERTS Hist. Lyme Reg. (1834). Som. SWEETMAN Win-
canton Gl. (1885). w.Som.1 Uur-z u-fee-urd tu g-een dhu daa'rk,
eens uur miid zee u beol-bag'ur [she is afraid to go in the dark, lest
she should see a ghost]. Dev. 'Er's za ugly's a witch. I'll hat
thickee ole bull-baggar a skat in tha 'ead ef 'er cometh yer again,
HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892). n.Dev. Tie a bull bagger to tha tree,
ROCK Jim an' AW/ (1867) st. 5.
[Bull-begger, larva, terriculamentum, SKINNER (1671) ;
They haue so fraied us with bull beggers, spirits, witches,
urchens, elues, hags . . . and such other bugs, that we are
afraid of our owne shadowes, SCOT Discov. Witchcraft
(1584) I53-]
BULL-DOG, sb. Nhb. Lin.
1. The slag run from a puddling furnace. Nhb.1
2. pi. In phr. Barton bulldogs, rough waves on the
Humber. n.Lin.1
BULLED, ppl. adj. Obsol. Nhp. Shr. Swollen.
Nhp.2 Shr.1 Said of cheeses that generate fermentation after
being pressed, and consequently rise and bulge.
[His bodi was boiled, P. Plowman (A.) v. 67 ; Al my
breste bolleth, ib. 99.]
BULLED, see Bullward.
BULLEN, sb. Obs. Wm. Yks. Hemp-stalks peeled.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790); Called also Buins (K.); N.Cy.2 Wm.
Threw on [the fire] a bullen to make a loww, HUTTON Bran New
Work (1785) 1. 384. Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (July n, 1896).
BULLERS, sb. pi. Som. Dev. The flowers of any
umbelliferous plant ; also the plant itself. See Bilders.
w.Som.1 Bul-urz, Buul'urz. Dev. Reports Provinc. (1884) 13.
nw.Dev.1 The stems are used by boys for making squirts, and
are freq. dried as spills.
BULLER(S, see Bulder, Bullace.
BULLET, sb.1 Sc. Nhb. Dur. [bu-lit]
1. A round sweetmeat.
Nhb. Sells bullets an claggum for bairns, WILSON Sngs. (1890)
235 ; Nhb.1 e.Dur.1 A large sweetshop in a certain n. Cy. town is
' The Bullet King.'
2. Comp. Bullet-stane, a round stone. Sc. (JAM.)
BULLET
[437]
BULLOCKER
BULLET, sb* Stf.1 In phr. to get the bullet, to get
notice to leave.
[The same word as lit. E. billet, a short written docu-
ment, a notice, which was also written bullet. There is
a bullet for the warrant of your lodging, Passenger Ben-
venuto (1612) (NARES). Fr. billet, a little bill, note, or ticket
(CoTGR.) ; see Billet, sb.2]
BULL-FIEST, sb. e.An. Also in forms -feist e.An.1 ;
-fuss Nrf. ; -fyce Suf. ; bulfis Nrf. ; bulfer Suf. ; bulver
Nrf. Lycoperdon bovista, the puff-ball.
e. An.1 In some counties called Puck-fist. Nrf. Used by a
barber to stop bleeding from cuts in shaving (J.H.) ; (F.H.) ;
Nrf.1 Suf. His face ha' swelled up like bull fice, e.An. Dy. Times
(1892) ; (.F.H.) ; Suf.1
\Vesse de loup, the dusty or smoaky toad-stool, called
a Bull-fyste, Wolves-fyste, Puck-fuss, COTGR. See Fiest]
BULLFINCH, sb. Not. Lei. Nhp. War. Hnt. Slang,
[bu'lfint/.] A high clipped hedge. In gen. use as a fox-
hunting term.
Not.1, Lei.1, Nhp.1, War.3, Hnt. (T.P.F.) Slang. Could see a
weak place in a bullfinch, DAVIES Mem. Russell (1883) iii.
Hence Bullfincher, sb., in phr. to get a bullfincher, to fall
over a high hedge. n.Lin.1
BULLFINCH SKY, phr. Nrf. A red-hued sunset.
Nrf. CLYDE Garl. (1872) ii.
BULL-HEAD, sb. Van dial, uses in Irel. and Eng.
Also written -heed Cum.1 ; -yed w.Yks.23 Chs.123 Stf.2
1. The fish Cotlus gobio, miller's thumb.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) Suffl. ; N.Cy.1, Wm. (B.K.) e.Yks.
MARSHALL ««>-. Econ. (1788); e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks.13,
Der.12, nw.Der.1 n.Lin. We went to catch bull-heads, PEACOCK
Tales and Rhymes (1886^ 122. Lei.1, Nhp.1, War.3, Shr.1 Glo.
(S.S.B.). Hmp. Our streams yield nothing but the bull's head or
miller's thumb, WHITE Selborne (1788) 27, ed. 1853. Hmp.1, 1.W.1
2. A tadpole.
Cum.1, e.Yks.1, w.Yks.23 Lan. Science Gossip ( 1882) 164. Lan.1,
ne.Lan.1, Chs.123, s.Chs.1 n.Stf. A small pond full of tadpoles,
alias bullheads, CEO. ELIOT A.Bede (1859) I. 290. Stf.2, nw.Der.1,
nXin.1, sw-Lin.1, Lei.1, War.23 Shr.1
8. A simpleton, a blunderer. e.Yks.1, w.Yks. (J.T.), e.Lan.1
Hence Bulyedded, adj. stupid.
s.Chs.1 Yu biil-yedid foo.
4. A fire-brick, wider at one end than the other. Nhb.1
6. Stones amongst lime. Chs.1
6. Comb. Bull-headed -9i\%,zQT\,Fuligulaferina, the pochard.
n.Ir. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 160.
[1. Capita, a bulhede, Norn. (c. 1450) in Wright's Voc.
(1884) 704. 2. Cavesot, a pole-head or bull-head, the
little black vermine whereof toads and frogs do come,
COTGR.]
BULLIE, v. and sb. Bnff. [bu'li.]
1. v. To speak, call, or weep loudly. Hence (i)Bulliean,
vbl. sb. a loud raising of the voice ; (2) Bulliein, ppl. adj.
roaring, weeping.
BnffJ He keepit a bulliean aifter's father. A big bulliein bulfart
o' a bairn.
2. sb. A loud cry or weeping.
Bnff.1 The loon geed oot wee a bullie o' a greet
BULLIEGRUBS, sb. Bnff.1 A colic. Cf. mulligrubs.
BULLIES, see Bullace.
BULLIMONG, sb. Hrt. e.An. Also written bulmong
e.An.1 Suf. ; bully-mung e.An.1
1. Peas, oats, and vetches sown together ; mixed meal.
Hrt. ELLIS Mod. Husb. (1750) I. ii. e.An.1, Nrf.1 Suf. CULLUM
Hist. Hawsted (1813). Ess. RAY (1691) ; Gl. (1851); Ess.1 [To
play the Devil i' th' bulmong, RAY Prov. (1678) 239.]
2. Scurrilous and abusive language. e.An.1
[1. But rather sowe otes, or else bullimong there,
TUSSER Husb. (1580) 51.]
BULLIN, sb. Obs. Shr. A receptacle for ' bottoms '
of yarn.
Shr." Bullins were of straw, fashioned like a bee-hive. ' W'cer
mun I put these bottoms o' yorn, Missis? — booath bullins bin full.'
BULLIN (S, see Bullace.
BULLION'S DAY, phr. Sc. July 4, the Translation
of St. Martin.
Sc. If the deer rise dry and lie down dry on Bullion's Day, there
will be a good goose harvest. Bullion's Day, gif ye be fair, For
forty days 'twill rain nae mair, INWARDS Weather Lore (1893) 31 ;
see JAM. (s.v. Martin).
[S. Martin le bouillant, le ^Juillet, ' S. Martinus callidus,
S. ^Martini Bullionisfestum' (DUCANGE, s.v. Fesfum). There
is in the Louvre a picture of St. Martin by Le Sueur, in
which the saint is represented with a globe of fire above
his head.]
BULLISTER, sb. Sc. Irel. Cum. Written bullaster
Ant. A sloe-bush ; the wild plum.
w.Sc. JAM. Suppl. Gall. Sourer than the green bullister, HARPER
Bards (1889) 207. Ant. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Cum.1
[Gael, bulaistear (-ir), a bullace, a sloe (MACLEOD &
DEWAR). Borr. fr. ME. bolastre (Trin. Coll. MS. (c. 1450)
in Wright's Voc. (1884) 601).]
BULLKIN, sb. e.An. Written bulkin Suf.1 [bu'lkin.]
A bull calf. See Bulchin.
e.An.1 Suf. RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 289, ed. 1849; Suf.1
BULL-NECK(S, sb., adj. and adv. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Der. Not. Also Dev. Also in form bully- n.Lan. ;
bull's- Dev. [bul-nek(s.]
1. sb. In phr. (i) to turn or tumble a bull-necks, to turn
a somersault ; (2) to bear a bull's neck, to bear a grudge.
(i) w.Yks. Gettin' into bed after aw'd turned a bullnex ovver
th' clooas, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1879) 3 ; w.Yks.1 (2) Dev.1 I'll
be hang'd if a dothn't bear thee a bull's neck, 43.
2. adj. Rash, intrepid. Wm. (B.K.)
3. adv. Headlong, precipitately ; also fig. rashly, hur-
riedly.
Cum. Runnan bull-neck at meh, SARGissoN/oeScoa/>(i88i) 199.
Wm. She tummels bullneck in, WHITEHEAD Leg. (1859) 22; He
was always at it bulnecks if he had anything to do (B.K.) ; Wm.1,
n.Lan. (W.H.H.), ne.Lan.1
Hence Bull-necked, adj. stiff-necked, thick in the neck.
Der.2, nw-Der.1 s.Not. Said of onions (J.P.K.).
BULLOCK, sb. Nhb. Wm. Brks. Bdf. Nrf. Ken. Sus.
Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. [bu'lak.]
1. Horned cattle of either sex.
Brks. GROSE (1790) ; Gl. (1852) ; Brks.1 Bdf. BATCHELOR^MO/.
Eng. Lang. (1809). e.Nrf. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1787). Ken.
(P.M.) ; Ken.12 Sus.1 She's a purty cow, and she'll make a nice
bullock. Dor. Where be I to put a sick bullock when he d' calve ?
(C.K.P.) n.Dor. (S.S.B.), Som. (W.F.R.) w.Som.1 V-ee zoa-ul
dhik yaef-ur ? Aa ! vuuree nuys buul'eek ! [have you sold that
heifer? Ah! very nice bullock!] nw-Dev.1 Cor. Monthly Mag.
(1808) II. 544.
2. A steer of at least a year old. Nhb.1
3. Comp. (i) Bullock-bow, a U-shaped piece of wood,
passing round a bullock's neck into the yoke ; (2) -'s-heart,
a large coarse cherry ; (3) -leaze, the right of turning one
bullock to graze on a common ; (4) -man, a cow-tender ;
(5) -s'-tongue, Scolopendrium vulgare, hart's-tongue fern.
(I) w.Som.1 Obsol. (2) Ken. (P.M.) (3) Sus.1 (4) Wm. (B.K.)
(5) Nhb.1
BULLOCK, v. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Lin.
Shr. Hrf. Hrt. e.An. Sus. Som. Cor. Written bullack
s.Chs.1; bullake.An.1 [bu'lak.]
1. To cry or speak loudly ; to abuse, bully, domineer.
Cf. bellock.
n.Yks.12, w.Yks.1, Lan.1, e.Lan.1 m.Lan.1 Yo' should ne'er
bullock a chap bigger nor yo'rsel'. s.Chs.1, Der.1, nw.Der.1, n-Lin.1,
sw-Lin.1, Shr.2, Hrt. (H.G.), e.An.1, Nrf.1, Suf. (F.H.), Suf.1
SUS. HOLLOWAY.
Hence (i) Bullocking, vbl. sb. abuse, a scolding, loud
talk ; (2) Bullocking, ppl. adj. noisy ; rude, imperious ;
(3) Bullocky, adj. swaggering.
(i) n.Yks.1 Ah' wean'tbide nae mairo'thah bullockin' ; n.Yks.2
Lan. Umbuggin, an bullokin, un sich like wark, Gl. Eggshibishun
(1856) 29. Shr.2 Hrf.2, e.An.1 (2) Wm.1, n-Yks.1 w.Yks.1
Naabody can be saaf as lang as that bullockin rascad [Bonaparte]
lives, ii. 306 ; w.Yks.2, n.Lin.1 Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). (3) Cor.1
2. To cheat, overreach. Nhb.1, Lan.1, e.Lan.1
BULLOCK, see Bulk, v*
BULLOCKER, sb. Nhb. [bu'lakar.] The largest
marble used by boys.
Nhb. Bummin tops, alley marvils, an' bullickors, CHATER Tyne-
side Aim. (1869) 12; Nhb.1
BULLRAGEOUS
[438]
BUM
BULLRAGEOUS, adj. e.Lan.1 Raging like a bull.
BULLS, sb.pl. e.An. The stems of hedge-thorns.
e.An.1 e.Nrf. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1787). [GROSE (1790).]
[ON. bulr, bolr, the stem of a tree. The same as lit. E.
bole.]
BULL'S-EYE, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also in form bull-eye Chs.1
1. A hard round sweetmeat, usually streaked and
flavoured with peppermint. In gen. use.
Rnf. Bulls-eyes, an' candy in sticks, NEILSON Poems (1877 ) 47.
Nhb.1 Stf.2 Oil gi Si a eipar)> a bulzoiz far <-\ glasi. n.Lin.1, Shr.2
Lon. MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) I. 203. Ken. (P.M.) Slang.
Huge bull's eyes and unctuous toffy, HUGHES T. Brown(i856] Hi.
2. White marbles with circular rings. w.Yks. (J.T.)
3. Applied to plants with round flowers: (i) Caltha
palustris, marsh marigold ; (2) Chrysanthemum leucanthe-
mum, ox-eye daisy ; (3) Lychnis diurna, red campion.
(i) Dor. (G.E.D.), Som. (L.K.L.) (2) Chs.1 (3) Dev.4
4. Aegialitis hiaticula, ringed plover.
Ir. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 182.
5. Holes in cheese, due to careless preparation. Shr.1
BULLUM(S, see Bullace.
BULLWARD, adj. Dor.1 w.Som.1 Dev.1 nw.Dev.1
Cor.1 Also in form bulled w.Som.1 Dev.1 nw.Dev.1 ;
bullard Cor.1 Of a cow : marts appetens.
BULLY, sb.1 Irel. Nhb. [bu'li]
1. A brother ; a comrade ; esp. of the crew of a ' keel.'
N.Cy.1 Nhb. The bullies ower neet had their gobs se oft wet
That the nyem o' the ship yen an' a' did forget, GILCHRIST Sngs. ,
(1824) ii ; Nhb.1 A common appellation among the people con-
cerned in the coal works, BRAND Hist. Newc. (1789) II. 261.
2. A fine child ; a term of endearment.
Ir. Kiss your child, man alive. . . . Throth, you're not worthy of
havin'sucha bully, CARLETON Fardorougha (1848) i. w.Ir. 'Right,
my bully boy,' says the mother, LOVER Leg. (1848) II. 547.
[1. In Shaks. the word is used as a term of endearment :
My hand, bully, Merry W. n. i. 225. Conn. w. MDu. boel,
a lover (of either sex), also, brother (OUDEMANS).]
BULLY, sb* Nhb. Yks. Lan. Not. Lin. Rut. Cor.
[bu-li.] Applied to birds, fishes, &c., which are short and
thick-set.
1. The bullfinch. Nhb.1, s.Not. (J.P.K.)
2. The chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs.
n.Yks. (I.W.) ; SWAINSON Birds (1885) 63.
3. A tadpole. sw.Lin.1, Rut.1
4. Comp. (i) Bully-cods, the fish Blennins pholis, ' mulli-
granoc ' or ' pull-cronack,' q.v. ; (2 ) -frog, see Bull-head.
(i) Cor.2 (s.v. Pull-cronack). (2) ne.Lan.1
BULLY, sb.a Dev. Cor.
1. A stone rounded by the action of water ; cf. boulder, sb.1
w.Cor. Aw went and clunked [swallowed] a bully, THOMAS
Randigal Rhymes (1895) 3. Cor.1*
2. A boy's large marble. nw.Dev.1, Cor.2
BULLY, sb* and v. Yks. [bu'li.]
1. sb. A child's hoop ; also in comp. Bully-bowl. See
Bool, s*.1 5.
w.Yks. Dcwsbury Wds. in Leeds Merc. Suppl. (1884) ; (J.H.) ;
w.Yks.3
2. v. To drive a hoop. w.Yks.3
BULLY, see Bullace.
BULLYMUNG, see Bullimong.
BULLYRAG, v. and sb. In gen. dial, and slang use in
Sc. Irel. Eng. and Amer. Also written bullirag Sc. (JAM.)
N.Cy.1 w.Yks.5 Stf.2 Der.1 Shr.12; bullrag Oxf.1 See
Ballyrag.
L v. To scold violently, abuse ; to tease, annoy.
Sc. (JAM.) ; Bullyragging that gate, HOGG Shep. Cal. viii. Abd.
Fat's this 't he's been bullyraggin Mains aboot? ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb (1871) xxiii. N.I.1, N.Cy.1, Cum.1, Wm.1, e.Yks.1
w.Yks.123; w.Yks.5 Am noan barn to be bulliragged wi' him.
Lan.1, n.Lan.1, ne.Lan.1, m.Lan.1, eXan.1, Chs.1, n.Stf. (J.T.),
Stf.12, Der.1, nw.Der.1, Not. (J.H.B.), Not.1, Lei.1, Nhp.1 War.
(J.R.W.) ; War.28 He bully-ragged me in the most shameful way.
se. Wor.1. Shr.12 Hrf. Don't bullyrag a fellow (Coll. L. L.B. ). Glo.
(F.H.), Oxf.1, e.An.', Nrf.1 Sur. It be baad enough . . . without
being bully-ragged by 'ee, BICKLEY Sur. Hills (1890) III. i. Wil.1
[Amer. Dial. Notes (1896) I. 329.]
Hence (i) Bullyragger, sb. an abuser, a bully ; (2) Bully-
ragging, (a) vol. sb. blustering, abuse ; (b) ppl. adj.
bullying, reviling ; (3) Bulliraggle, sb. a noisy quarrel.
(i) m.Lan.1 (2, a) Ir. From that they got to bullyraggin' and
bargin' one another outrageous, BARLOW Idylls (1892) 175. N.I.1
w.Yks. BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865). Lan. Inclined for bullyraggin'
him, BRIERLEY Irkdale (ed. 1868) 16. Chs.1 Der. Doan't keep
bully-raggin like 'at, WARD David Grieve (1892) I. v. Not.1
nXin.1 He gev him a straange bully-raggin'. Lei.1 Ah shan't
stan' non o' yewer bully-raggin'. . War.3 Cor. There'll be more
set ... to Adam's bullyraggin', PARR Adam and Eve (1880) II. 193.
(6) Dmb. The bully-ragging Doctor, CROSS Disruption (1844) vi.
w.Yks.5, Bdf. (J.W.B.) (3) Cld. (JAM.)
2. sb. One who bullies or teases ; a ranting fellow.
Wm.1 w.Yks.3 ; w.Yks.5 Of a keen landlord looking after his
rents: ' T'gurt bullirag! ah wur nobbut behinthand a week.'
ne-Lan.1, Stf.2, se.Wor.1 Shr.1 'E's a reg'lar bullirag — never lets
one be.
BULMIE, sb. Bnff.1 A large edible root, as a turnip, &c.
BULMONG, see Bullimong.
BULRUSH, sb. Chs. Wil. Dev. (i) Caltha palustris,
marsh marigold ; (2) Juncus, rush ; (3) Scirpus lacustris,
water rush.
(i) Wil.1 So called from some nursery legend that Moses was
hidden among its large leaves. (2) Dev.4 (3) Chs.1
BULRUSHER, sb. Nhb.1 [bu'lrujar.] A bulrush.
BULSH, v. and sb. Yks. Lan.
1. v. To indent ; to bruise. Cf. bulch, v.
m-Yks.1 A plastered wall may be bulsh'd, or bulshed in, by
a blow of the foot. w.Yks. Porridge so stiffly made . . . that . . .
he could stand on his head on his plate of porridge for an hahr
withaat bulshing 'em, BINNS Vitt. to Town (1882) 72 ; w.Yks.3
2. sb. A bulge, a projection. e.Lan.1
BULT, v. and sb. Sh.I. Also Lei. [bult.]
1. v. To push violently, jolt ; to butt. Cf. buck, v.1 10,
bulk, v.2 S. & Ork.1, Lei.1
Hence Bultin, adj. Of a cow : apt to butt. S. & Ork.1
2. sb. A violent push or thump. Lei.1
[1. Cp. Sw. bulta, to knock, beat (WIDEGREN).]
BULTREE, see Bour-tree.
BULTYS, sb. Cor.12 A moored fishing-line, with
' snoods ' and many hooks attached ; used for catching
conger, pollack, &c. See Boulter.
BULVER, v. e.An. To increase in bulk by being
rolled over and over ; to collect into a heap. e.An.1, Nrf.1
Hence (i) Bulver-head, sb. one whose brain is con-
fused ; (2) Bulvering, ppl. adj. cumbersome ; sticking out.
(i) e.An.1 (a) ib. Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) 100.
BULVER, see Bull-fiest.
BULWAND, sb. Sc. (i) The bulrush, Typha latifolia ;
(2) Common mugwort, Artemisia vulgaris.
(i) S. & Ork.1 (a) S. & Ork.1 Or.I., Cai. (JAM.)
BULWAVER, v. S. & Ork.1 To go astray. Cf.
bell-waver.
BULYIEMENT, sb. Sc. Written bullament S. & Ork.1
1. Clothing, habiliments.
Abd. Bids the stoutest of the gather'd thrang Gird on their bul-
yiements,Rossffcfe»ore(i768)i32,ed. 1812; Still used ludicrously
for clothes (JAM.).
2. Odds and ends of any kind. S. & Ork.1
BUM, sb.1 Var. dial. uses. In comp. (i) Bum-bags,
breeches ; (2) -bal, a clot of cow-dung ; (3) -fly, a very
stout, pursy person ; (4) -fill, a lump or gathering of things
badly arranged, chiefly referring to clothing; (5) -leather,
the skin of the buttocks ; (6) -sucker, a toady, tuft-
hunter.
(i) War.3 Hodgson in white leathers, tights, Braces, bumbags,
brogues, or breeches, Blackw. Mag. (Feb. 1840) 308. (a) Nhp.1
(3) Ayr. The Abbot himsel', — awfu' kin' o' bumfly, SERVICE Dr.
Duguid (1887) 258. (4) Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892). (5) Sc. And
tann'd his ain bum-lether, SKINNER Poems (1809) a. (6) w.Soin.1
BUM, sb.2 Yks. Som.
1. The bung of a cask, &c. n.Yks. (I.W.)
2. Comp. (i) Bum-cork, a bung ; (2) -hole, a bung-hole;
(3) -shave, a taper cutting tool for enlarging bung-holes,
used by coopers.
BUM
[4391
BUMAL
Som. (W.P.W.) w.Som.1 We never use the word bung alone.
So buunv-oal, buum-shee'uv.
[Du. bomme, the bung of a barrill, . . . een vat bommen,
to bung a vessel (HEXHAM).]
BUM, sb.3 Gall. A term of contempt applied to a
dirty, lazy woman, gen. of high stature.
Gall. She's a perfect bum (JAM.) ; (A.W.)
BUM, sb* and v.1 Gen. dial, and colloq. use in Eng.
1. sb. A bailiff or sheriffs officer, who serves writs and
makes arrests. A contraction for Bum-bailey (q.v.).
Nhb.1 Cum. Gl. (1851). Wm. (B.K.) w.Yks. If ther is a lot
o' men 'at aw hate it's bums, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1878) 41 ;
w.Yks.2, Lan.1, m.Lan.1, Chs.13, s.Chs.1 Stf.2 Oi sei Sali Tumas
az gotn Sandl of ft dQar Sis mornin ; dust )>ink ti bums ar abait ?
It is a common custom to take the handle out of the door when such
a visit is expected. nw.Der.1, Not.1 s.Not. They've got the bums i'
the house (J.P.K.). Lei.1, Nhp.1, War." Wor. A' axed Jack Allwit
to lend 'e twenty pun to git the bums out, Wor. Jrn. (Mar. 9,
1895)4. se.Wor.1, Shr.12 Snr., Hrf. BOUND Prov. (1876). Hrf.2
Glo. I heard a report as the bums were a-coming in, GISSING
Vill. Hampden (1890) II. v. Ken. (D.W.L.), Sus. (F.E.S.) Som.
When yer creditor puts tha bums in, 'AGRIKLER' Rhymes (1872)
34. w.Som.1 Dev. w.Times (Mar. 12, 1886) 6, coL 4. Slang.
Queen's Sergeant Barham with his bums and tipstaves, BARHAM
Ingoldsby (1840) House Warming.
2. Comp. Bum-proof, bailiff-prool.
n.Yks. Those . . . al allus stand bum-pruf, Broad Yks. (1885)37.
3. v. To distrain, put the bailiffs in the house ; to dun
one for payment.
Chs.1 If tha does na pay me, aw'll bum the'. Stf.2 Wei, if ja
wunar pi jar rent, oisll af bum ja. Shr.2 w.Som.1 I can't abear
t'urn about bummin vokes vor money. Dev. Reports Provtnc.
(1884) 13.
BUM, v? and sb? Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
1. v. To make a humming, buzzing noise like a bee or
a top.
Sc. Bees bummed in the gardens, STEVENSON Catriona (1892) iii.
Frf. His head bumming like a beeskep, BARRIE Tommy (1896)
248. Fif. The foul- waste bumm'd wi' blitter-blatter, TENNANT
Papistry (1827) 108. Ayr. The busy bumbling hive Bum owre
their treasures, BURNS To W. Simpson (1785) st. 16. N.Cy.1
Nhb.1 The soon's bummin in my ears. Cum. The lang room it
bumm'd an' thunner'd, STAGG Misc. Poems (1805) 16, ed. 1807.
n.Yks. (I.W.) ; n. Yks.1 Lin. [I] 'eerd 'urn a bummin' awaay loike
a buzzard-clock ower my 'ead, TENNYSON A'. Farmer, Old Style
(1864)51.5. n-Lin.1, Nhp.1
2. To make a top hum, to spin a top.
Abd. Gar the peers [tops] bum (W.M.). Ayr. Let me bum
your peery (J.F.). Nhb.1 Hadaway bum yor top.
3. To rush about like a buzzing insect ; to be furiously
busy.
Cum.1 Bumman about like a bee in a bottle. Nhp.12
4. To drone, make a sound like that emitted from
a bagpipe or other musical instrument ; fig. to be glad,
sing.
Sc. Jenny Cuthbertson may bum, her gettin at the rate o'
sevenpence ha'penny a week for cannles alaue, WILSON Tales
(1836) II. 164. Frf. I think I hear the addles bummin', LAING
Wayside Firs. (1846) in. Ayr. She's heard you bummin Wi'
eerie drone, BURNS Address Deil (1785) st. 6; Pipes and fiddles
thro" the fair, Gaed bummin' roun' and roun', Ballads (1846) I.
94. Edb. Sae sweetly as it wont to bum, FERGUSON Poems (1773)
115. Dmf. Louder the big bass-fiddle bums, MAYNE Siller Gun
(1808) 79.
5. To read in a droning, indistinct manner ; to sing or
play badly. Bnff.1
Hence (i) Bumman, vbl. sb. (a) the act oi reading or
talking to one's self in a drawling, indistinct manner ; (b)
the act of singing or playing badly ; (2) Bummer, sb. (a)
one who reads in a blundering, droning tone ; a bad
singer or player ; (b) a managing, officious person, gen.
used in a depreciatory sense ; a manager, headman ; (3)
Bumming, vbl. sb. (a) a humming, murmuring sound as
of insects, &c. ; (b) boasting, talking big ; (4) Bumming,
ppl. adj. (a) humming, buzzing ; (b) having a habit of
reading in an indistinct tone or of singing and playing in
a droning style ; (5) Bum-bumming, vbl. sb. a continuous
humming sound.
(r, a) Bnff.1 Wm. He would start a bumming, and it was bum,
bum, bum, stop, RAWNSLEY Remin. Wordsworth (1884) VI. 168.^
(A) Bnff.i He keeps a bumman o' that sang the leefou-lang day, an'
a'm jist scunnert wee't. (a, a) Bnff.1 (b) Sc. (J.M.) ; Quite
common (A.W.). Ayr. Johnnie was ane o' the heid bummers in
the kirk, SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887) 20 ; (J. F.) (3, a) The birrin'
an' bummin' o' wheels, HAMILTON Poems (1865) 145. Lth. That
organ's bummin' i' my lug, SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 169. Edb.
The bumming in the lum-head, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) 50.
Wm.1, nXin.1, Nhp.2, Brks.1 (4) N.I.1 Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892).
(4, a) Lnk. The hame-gaun wearied busy bees Flee hye on
bummin' wings, THOMSON Musings (iS8i) 127- n. Yks. A bummin'
noise (I.W.). Nhp. Bumming gadflies ceased to teaze, CLARE
Poems (1821) 131. (6) Bnff.1 (5) ne.Sc. I heard only the bum-
bummin' o' the gudeman's voice, GRANT Keckleton, 134.
6. To cry, have a habit of weeping.
Bnff.1 Elg. There's naething on earth sets me sooner a bummin ,
TESTER Poems (1865) 135.
Hence (i) Bumman, vbl. sb. weeping; (2) Bummer, sb.
one who is addicted to weeping ; (3) Bumming, ppl. adj.
much given to weeping, chicken-hearted.
(i) Bnff.1 Ye canna spyke nor leuck t'that bairnly loon, bit he
jists sets up's bumman. (a, 3) ib.
7. Comp. (i) Bum -bass, a violoncello; (2) -bore, the gad-
fly, Oestrus bovis ; (3) -clock, a humming flying beetle ;
(4) -fiddle, a bass viol ; (5) -pipe, the dandelion, Leontodon
taraxacum ; (5) -thunder, to make a loud, startling noise.
(i) w.Yks.2 (2) n.Yks.1 (3) Ayr. The bum-clock humm'd wi'
lazy drone, BURNS Twa Dogs (1786) st. 35. Lnk. The pleasant
drone O' bum clocks fleein' by, THOMSON Musings (1881) 196.
Gall. Something whistled like a bum-clock past me, CROCKETT
Raiders (1894) xx. Ant. Mammy, daes plums fly ?— Naw.— Weel, a
hae et a bum-clock, Ballymena Obs. (1893). s.Ldd. Not common
(M.B.-S.). Nhb.1, n.Yks.2 (4) n.Cy. N. & Q. (1868) 4th S. ii.
356. n.Yks.2 w.Yks. I wa parin laud az ani bumfidl, DIXON
Craven Dales (1881) 194. ne.Lan.1 (5) Bnff.1, Lnk. (JAM.) (6)
Cum. T'chairman knockt an bum thundert t'teaable, SARGISSON
Joe Scoap (1881) 147.
8. sb. The humming, buzzing sound emitted by insects,
tops, &c. ; the confused sound of talking.
Abd. Bum of busy honey-bees Delights the air,SHiRREFsPo«;;w
(1790) 97. Frf. I likit to hear the bum o't, BAURIE Tommy (1896)
287. Fif. The sky sough'd wi' aue eerie bum, TENNANT Papistry
(1827) 144. Ayr. (J.F.) Edb. The bum and bustle of the High
Street, Mom Mansie Wauch (1828) vi. n.Yks.1
9. One who reads indistinctly ; one who plays or sings
without taste or skill.
Bnff.1 He's a mere bum o' a fiddler, that.
BUM, v? and sb.B Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Lin. Wor.
Also Som. Dev. Cor. Written bom Som. [bum.]
1. v. To strike, knock, boom.
Ayr. He bummed me against the wall (J.F.). Cum. bamt
Mary's muckle clock bumm'd eight, ANDERSON Ballads (1805) 70.
Som. I wish to goodness he would bom the bell, RAYMOND Love
and Quiet Life (,1894) 37. Cor.2 I bummed my head right against
the door.
2. To beat or din into by constant reiteration.
w.Som.iYou can't bum nort into the head o' un. Dev. You
can't bum it into this chap, Reports Provtnc. (1884) 13.
3. To swell up after a blow.
nXin.1 It bumm'd up as big as a egg.
4. To drive violently, to hurry.
Nhb. But they fand aw nawd nowt, se they bumm d us belaw,
ROBSON Evangeline (1870) 346 ; In bye they bummed me in a
crack, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) 27 ; Nhb.1 They were bummed
oot.
5. To throw away carelessly.
Sc. It's naething less nor mair than bummin guid siller inter th
fire, TWEEDDALE Mqff(i8ej6] 172. Ayr. (J.F.)
6. sb. A blow; a ball that strikes a player when re-
bounding from a wall, &c.
w.Yks. Ah'm noan aht, it wor a ' bum,' Leeds Merc. Suppl.
(Jan. 9, 1892). Lan. Theer's Oliver Crummill's bums and balls,
WILSON Sng's. (1865) 59- Cor.2
7. Comp. (i) Bum-ball, a ball with which boys play
' rounders ' or similar games ; (2) -kep, a ball caught on
the rebound from a wall, &c.
(i) se.Wor.1 (2) w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 9, 1892).
BUMAL, see Bumble.
BUM-BAILEY
[44°]
BUMBLE
BUM-BAILEY, sb. Irel. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Not.
Lei. War. Wor. Hrf. Sus. Wil. Som. [bu'm-beli, -beali.]
1. A sheriff's officer or bailiff, appointed to serve writs
and make arrests or prosecutions. See Bailie, sb. 2,
Bum, sb* 1.
s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890). w.Yks. If yo scent a bum-bailey i'
th' air, HARTLEY Ditties (1868) 12 ; w.Yks.1 Lan. I'm as blynt as
a mowdiwart, an' as deeaf as a bum-baily, BRIERLEY Waverlow
(1884) 197 ; Lan.1, e.Lan.1, Chs.1, s.Chs.1, Stf.2, nw.Der.1, Not1,
Lei.1, War.", se.Wor.1, Hrf.2, Sus. (F.E.S.) Wil. SLOW Gl.
(1892^. w.Som.1
2. Fig. A loud and overbearing person. Lan.1
[Scout me for him at the corner of the orchard like
a bum-baily, SHAKS. Twelfth N. HI. iv. 194.]
BUMBARREL, sb. Not. Lin. Nhp. Oxf. Bck. Hnt. Wil.
Written bombarrel Nhp.1 Wil.1 The long-tailed titmouse,
Acredula rosea or caudata. Also in comp. Bumbarrel-tit.
See Bum-towel.
Not SWAINSON Birds (1885) 32. s.Not. Also called Jug-pot,
Mug-pot (q.v.) (J.P.K.). siin. (F.H.W.) Nhp.1 There the bum-
barrel builds her nest, CLARE MS. Poems. Oxf. APLIN Birds(i88g)
214; Oxf.1 MS. add. Bck. Science Gossip (1891) 119. Hnt(T.P.F.)
Wil. He would tell about the bombarrel tit, JEFFERIES Gt. Estate
(1881) ii ; Wil.1
BUMBASTE, v. e.An.1 Nrf.1 Suf.1 Dev.1 To beat
soundly, severely, esp. to inflict school discipline.
[If it be in a gelding, you must bumbast his buttocks
with a good long sticke taken hot out of the fire, MARKHAM
Countrey Fartne (1616) 146. Bum, sb.1 + baste (vb.), q.v.]
BUMBAZE, v. Sc. Nhb. e.An. Also in form bombaze
Bnff.1 e.An.1 Nrf.1 To confound, bewilder, perplex ; to
look aghast, confounded, stupefied. Cf. baze, ».'
Sc. The scoundrel red-coats must have been bumbazed, SCOTT
Redg. (1824) xi. Bnff.1 Bombazle is the intensitive form. Abel.
Lindy looked blate and sair bombazed, Ross Helenore (1768) 93,
ed. 1812. Fif. Dan Momus look't bombas'd a wee, TENNANT
Papistry (1827) 20. Ayr. The bits o' spengs and starlings . . . maun
be clean bumbazed, SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887) 132. Lnk. Then
aft by night bombaze hare-hearted fools, RAMSAY Gentle Shep.
(1725) 22, ed. 1783. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.1; N.Cy.1
Nhb. Aw was fairly bumbazed, like a dog in a dancin, MARSHALL
Sngs. (1819) 9 ; Nhb.1, e-An.1 Nrf.1 I am right on bombazed.
Slang. While the party below stand mouth open and stare, Clean
bumbaized and amazed, BARHAM Ingoldsby (1840) Witches' Frolick.
BUMBEE, sb. Sc. Irel. I.Ma. Lin.
1. The bumble-bee or humble-bee.
Inv. (H.E.F.) Abd. Like bumbees bizzing frae a byke, SKINNER
Poems (1809) i. Per. Could a' follow a bumbee? IAN MACLAREN
Brier Bush (1895! 219. Fif. Bumbees an' midges Were buzzin'
fu' thrang, ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 12. Ayr. I hae catched a
muckle bumbee, GALT Entail (1823) xxiii. Lnk. There were
bumbee's bykes to rob, FRASER Whaups (1895) vii. Edb. The
bumbees were bizzing among the gowans and blue bells, MOIR
Mansie Wauch ( 1828) xxii. Gall. Oot on the wide uplands, where
there are but the bumbees an' the heatherbleats, CROCKETT Raiders
(1894) x''v- Kcb. Auld farnyear stories come athwart their minds
of bum-bee bykes, DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 5. N.I.1 Ant. Bally-
mena Obs. ( 1892). I.Ma. She's as sweet as clover with the bumbees
humming over it, CAINE Manxman (1894) pt. in. xiv. s.Lin. That
bone's as bare as a bumbee's knee (F.H.W.).
2. Comp. Bumbee-wark,y?£-. nonsense. N.I.1
[Bum, vb.2 + bee.]
BUMBELEERY-BIZZ, phr. Lnk. QAM.) [Not known
to our correspondents.] A cry used by children when
they see cows startling, in order to excite them to run
about with greater violence.
BUMBLE, v.1 and sb.1 Sc. Yks. Lin. Shr. Also Ken.
Hmp. Som. Dev. Also written bombell, bummil, bummle
Sc. (JAM.) [btrmbl, btrml.]
1. v. To make a humming noise.
n.Yks.1 ne.Yks.1 s.v. Bumble-kites. w.Yks. WILLAN List Wds.
(1811). Ken. (P.M.); Ken.1 Hmp.1 To bumble like a bee in a tar tub.
Hence (i) Bumbling, .vbl. sb. ; (2) Bumbulation, sb.
a humming noise.
(i) n.Lin.1 (2) Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1
2. To rumble, roll about as loose stones upon a road ;
to trundle down noisily like stones on a hillside, &c.
ne.Yks.1, w.Yks. (R.H.H.)
3. To read in a low, indistinct voice ; to sing or play on
a musical instrument in a bungling manner.
Bnff.1 There's her bummlin' o' the piano.
Hence (i) Bummlan, vbl. sb. the act of reading in
a low, indistinct manner, or of playing or singing
in a blundering way; (2) Bummling, ppl. adj. having
a habit of reading in a blundering, indistinct manner.
Bnff.1
4. To weep. Bnff.1
Hence (i) Bummlan, vbl. sb. much weeping; (2)
Bummling, ppl. adj. much given to weeping, chicken-
hearted.
Bnff.1 There's that bummlin' loon t'the rod again. He hiz his
finger eye in's ee.
5. sb. The bumble-bee.
Kcb. While up the howes the bummles fly, DAVIDSON Seasons
(1789) 63 (JAM.). Shr.1 Eh! theer's a big bumble. w.Som.1 1 tell
thee tidn a dummle-dary, 'tis a bummle.
6. In comp. (i) Bumble-dore, (a) -drum, a bumble-bee.
(i) Som. She would be as busy and merry as a bumbledore in
a pitcher, RAYMOND Misterton's Mistake (1888) 285. (2*1 Dev. A
can zee every crinkle crankum of they leaveses, and a girt bumble-
drum coom to sniff at 'un, BLACKMORE Kit (1890) I. xvi.
7. The common bittern. [NEWMAN (1866) 10.]
8. Fig. A drone, lazy fellow.
Fif. Bury beggin'-freir and bummel, TENNANT Papistry (1827)
30. Ayr. Some drowsy bummle, Wha can do nought but fyke
an' fumble, BURNS Sc. Bard, st. 4.
[1. As a bitore bombleth (v.r. bumblith) in the myre,
CHAUCER C. T. D. 972. 5. Dost see yon tender webs
Arachne spins, Through which with ease the lusty
bumbles break, WHITING Albino (1638) (NARES).]
BUMBL(E, v? and sb.2 Sh.I. Written bummle GAM.).
1. v. To make a splash in the sea. Sh.I. (Coll. L.L.B.),
S. & Ork.1
2. sb. A commotion in liquid substances, caused by
throwing something into them ; the hollow sound pro-
duced by a fall. Sh.I. GAM.), S. & Ork.1
BUMBLE, v? and sb.a Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
Also written bombell Sc. (JAM.) ; bumal w.Yks. ; bummel
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Wm.1 Lei.1; bummil Sc. (JAM.); bummle
Sc. Bnff.1 e.Yks.1 n.Lan.1 Lei.1 w.Som.1
1. v. To bungle, blunder, make a mess of; to halt,
stumble.
Sc. 'Tis ne'er be me Shall scandalize, or say ye bummil Ye'r
poetrie, RAMSAY Poems (ed. 1800) II. 330 (JAM.). Per. What are ye
bummlin' at? (G.W.1) N.Cy.1 Cum. (M.P.) ; As for a bang he bum-
mel'd, STAGG Misc. Poems (i8oT) 145. Wm.1 n.Yks. He bummled
on an' spoiled his work (I.W.). w.Yks. Bummlekite . . . bummled
t'writin'-desk soa . . . 'at here wur an hoor an' a hauf's joiner's
war ta dew at it, Yks. Comet (1844) No. iii. 34. ne.Lan.1 Hmp. Of
a mended coat: 'It is bumbled up' (W.H.E.); WISE New Forest
(1883) 189; Hmp.1
Hence (i) Bumbled, pp. hard up, in consequence of
being out of work ; (2) Bumbler, so. a bungler, blunder-
ing fellow; (3) Bumbling,/"//, adj. awkward, blundering;
(4) Bumbly (bomboly), adj. rough, uneven ; awkward
to fit ; (5) Bumblesome, adj. clumsy, awkward ; ill-fitting,
inclined to pucker or cockle ; (6) Bummler's-luck, sb. the
result of bungling work ; (7) Bummlan, vbl. sb. the act of
doing work in a clumsy, bungling way ; (8) Bummling,
ppl. adj. stupid and clumsy at work.
(i) Wil. I be ter'ble bumbled (G.E.D.). (2) Sc. (JAM.) Ayr.
He's nae bumler, mind ye, SERVICE Notandums ( 1890) 87. N.Cy.1
Dur. Bummelers V bullethers, EGGLESTONE Betty Podkin's Lett.
(1877) 9. Wm.1, Lan. (J.L.) Glo. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
(3) Cum. His own trim, slight, well-built figure, by no means of
the bumbling order, LINTON Lieeie Lotion (1867) iv. w.Yks.
Differences 'at seems made in a random, bumlin, haphazard soart
of a way, Yksmn. (July 1878) 10. (4) Hrf.2 It's a bomboly stone.
n.Dev. Isn't this road bumbly ? (F.A.A.) (5) Suf. (C.T.) Ken. If
you have a dress made of this thick material, it will look so bumble-
some (W.H.E.1; (P.M.); Ken.1, Sus.1 (6) Cum. (M.P.), Wm.1
(7, 8) Bnff.1
2. To bustle about, work busily, but noisily and not
effectively.
Elg. We preach'd an' bummel'd time aboot, TESTER Poems 1 1 865)
BUMBLE
BUMBRUSH
128. e.Yks. He bummled aboot like a bee iv a bottle (J.N.);
e.Yks.1
3. sb. A bungle, blunder, muddle; a 'botch,' clumsy
performance.
Bnff.1 It's bit a bummle noo fin t'iz deen. Per. He's made a
complete bummle (G.W.). Nhb.1, Cum. (E.W.P.) w.Yks. Whot
a bumal we mak' on't when t'maister axes us to spell ' colonel,'
Yksman. (Oct. 1878) 265. Dor. : C.W.B.) ; If I've a-seed anybody
in ar a bit of a bumble about his work, N. & Q. (1866) 3rd S.
x. 245.
4. A bungler ; a clumsy, heavy person.
Sc. Loud bawl'd the bummil, DRUMMOND Muckomachy (1846)
20. Rnf. At gaun I'm sic a bummel, YOUNG Pictures (1865) 170.
Kcb. The Muse at that grew capernoited An' ca'ed me bumble,
DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 181.
5. A low, indistinct, blundering reading ; a person who
reads in such a manner ; one who sings or plays without
skill or taste.
Bnff.1 He made an unco bummle o' the paiper. He's naething
bit a mere bummle at readan.
6. A state of awkward bustle. m.Yks.1
7. A bundle ; a thick, clumsy, untidy package.
Der.1 w.Som.1 Aay zeed-n wai u guurt buunvl tiie uz baak.
Dhaat-s u fuyn buum-1, shoa-r nuuf!
8. A club-foot. War. (J.R.W.)
9. The ball of the hand or foot. Lei.1
10. Comp. (i) Bumble-foot, (a) a club-foot; (b) a name
given to any one with a misshapen or club-foot ; (2) -footed,
(a) having a club-foot ; (b) of a horse : having the foot
turned in ; (3) -kite, one whose clumsiness is productive
of mischief; (4) -puppy, (a) a term of contempt for
domestic whist, chess, &c.; (b) a game of skittles or
ninepins ; (5) -rooted, said of turnips when they form
several small roots instead of one large one.
(i, a) nXin.1, Nhp.1, War.3 Sur. She 'ad a bumble foot, poor
thing, N. & Q. (1880) 6th S. i. 238. Dev. w.Times (Mar. 12,
1886) 6, col. 4. se.Cor. (W.P.) (b) War." Cmb.1 Where are
you coming to?— you great bumble-foot! (2, a) Lin. THOMPSON
Hist. Boston (1856) 700. War.2, s.Wor.1, Glo.', e-An.1, Nrf.1
Wil. (W.H.E.); (G.E.D.) (A) Oxf.1 MS. add. (3) w.Yks.s Go
it bummlekite ! (4, a) War.3, Oxf.1 MS. add. (b) War.2 The
missile used is a two-pound weight of metal, or a similar disk ;
and this must be pitched, not bowled at the pins ; War.3 (5) War.3
BUMBLE, v* and sb* e.An.
1. v. To muffle, cover up.
e-An.1 The bells were bumbled at his burial. Nrf. I never wear
gloves ; I hate to have my hands bumbled up (W.R.E.) ; Nrf.1
Hence Bumbled, pp. blinded as with a handkerchief.
e.An.1
2. sb. pi. Coverings for the eyes of a horse, more
effectual than blinkers.
e.An.1, Nrf.1 [MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).]
3. A ccrver of a vessel. e.An.12
4. A hoarding in front of a building which is being
rebuilt. e.An.1
BUMBLE, sb* and v.* Cum. Yks. Hmp. Wil. Written
bummell Cum. Hmp.1 ; bummul Hmp. ; bummle Yks.
[bu-ml.]
1. sb. The blackberry or bramble, Rubus fruticosus.
Gen. used in comp. Bumble-kite (q.v.). See Bramble.
Cum. Gl. (1851). Cum., Hmp. Hmp.1
2. Comp. Bumble-berry, (i) the fruit of Rosa canina;
(2) the fruit of Rubus fruticosus.
(i) WU.1 (2) Cum.
8. v. To gather ' bumbles ' or ' bumble-kites.'
w.Yks. Are yer gooin' a-bummlin' ? (F.P.T.) ; (B.K.) ; Obsol.
Known only by old people (M.F.).
BUMBLE, sb.e Yks. Lin. [bu-ml.]
1. The bulrush, Scirpus lacustris, with which chairs are
bottomed. Also used attrib.
Lin. The chair's got a bumble bottom (R.E.C.). n.Lin. ./V. &Q.
(1852) ist S v. 375 ; n.Lin.1 I can't abide them bumble-seated
chairs ; it's makkin' onessen like a Paapist to set doon 'e one
on 'em. sw-Lin.1
2. Comp. Bumble-barfan, a horse-collar made of reeds
or rushes as distinguished from the leather bargham (q.v.).
n.Yks.12 ne. Yks.1 The bumble-barfam was specially used for
young colts and fillies when first yoked (s.v. Barfhame). m.Yks.1
VOL. I.
[Bull-rushes ... in some countries . . . are called
bumbles, WESTMACOTT Script. Herbal (1694) 32.]
BUMBLE, sb.7 Hrf. A large water-worn stone found
among gravel.
Hrf. ' Have you enough stone for that wall ?— No, but I can make
him out with a few of these bumbles.
BUMBLE-BEES, sb. pi. n.Yks. The self-heal, Prunella
vulgaris.
BUMBLE-BUNNEN, sb. Dor. A sea fish; the
smaller kind of cunner, Crenilabrus tnelops.
Dor. w.Gaeette (Feb. 15, 1889) 6, col. 7.
BUMBLE-KITE, sb. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Also
Hmp. Also in form bummel- N.Cy.1 Dur.1 Wm.1 n.Yks.12
m.Yks.1 Hmp.1; bummelty-, bummely- . Cum. Wm. ;
bummle- Nhb.1 n.Yks.8 e.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 ; bummlers- Nhb.1;
bumly- Cum. [bu'ml-kait.]
1. The fruit of the ' bramble ' or blackberry bush, Rubus
fruticosus. Cf. bramble-kites.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 The fruit is vulgarly known by the name of
bumble-kyte, from its being supposed to cause flatulency when
eaten in too great a quantity. No knowledgeable boy will eat
these berries after Michaelmas Day, because the arch-fiend is
believed to ride along the hedges on the eve of that great festival,
and pollute everything that grows in them, except the sloes, by
touching them with his club foot. The same notion prevails further
North, where the bramble-berries are called lady's garter berries,
BROCKIE Leg. 115. Dur. The devil has set his foot on the bumble-
kites, Durham Tracts, 8 ; Dur.1 Cum. One of blackberry wine
called bumble-kite, LINTON Liezt'e Lorton (1867) xii; Gl. (1851).
Wm. Nature Notes, No. 9 ; Wm.1 Yks. Hips and bummelkites,
FETHERSTON T. Goorkrodger, 78; BAILEY (1721). n.Yks.123
ne.Yks.1 Oor Bess hez been getherin bumml-keytes. m-Yks.1
w.Yks. WILLAN List Wds. (1811) ; (S.P.U.) ; w.Yks.1 Hmp.
Hmp. Mag. (1828) 481 ; Hmp.1
2. In phr. hummel-kite with a spider in it, a bad bargain,
a disappointment. N.Cy.1
8. A person with a protuberant stomach. e.Yks.1
[1. So named from the rumbling and bumbling caused in
the bellies (kites) of children who eat its fruit too greedily,
PRIOR Pop. Names Plants (1879.) 32. This expressive term
would not shock the sensibilities of people in Yorkshire,
who still call the Sunday in Martinmas week, when much
feasting goes on, ' Rive-kite Sundah,' i. e. Tear-stomach
Sunday, E.G. in Academy, July 19, 1884.]
BUMBLER, sb. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Nrf. Also in
form bumler N.Cy.1; bumly Cum.1; bummler Nhb.1;
bummeller Nhb. e.Dur.1 [bu-mla(r).]
1. The humble- or bumble-bee. See Bumble, sb.1
N.Cy.1 Nhb. They're the bumlors i' luve's hive, ROBSON
Evangeline (1870) 363 ; Nhb.1 ' He hummed the tune like a bummler
iv a rose bush,' said of a minister who had attempted to raise a
tune. Dur. T'lassies wer buzzin' aboot as bissy as bumblers,
EGGLESTONE Betty Podkin's Visit (1877) n. e.Dur.1 Cum. As
bissy as a bummely, FARRALL Betty Wilson (j886) 82; Cum.1
n.Yks. Science Gossip (1882)161 ; (G.E.D.) Nrf.(E.M.); (A.G.F.)
2. A large fly or bluebottle ; a humming beetle.
Nhb. Patent bumlers and mennims, patent rods and click reels,
Fishin' Club (1883) ; Nhb.1, n.Yks.2
3. Comp. Bumbler-box, (i) a small wooden box to hold
bees ; (2) a small house ; (3) an old square bed with
sliding panels in front ; (4) a passenger one-horse van.
(i) N.Cy.1 (2, 3) Nhb.1 (4) Nhb. BROCKETT Gl.
4. A term of derision given to the old yeomanry cavalry
before the days of volunteers.
Nhb.1 Blue-tailed bummler, cock-tailed tummler, darsn't gan ti
war. Dur. Denham Tracts (ed. 1892) I. 68.
BUMBO(O, sb. Nhb. Sus. Slang. A liquor composed
of rum or gin, sugar, water, and nutmeg.
Nhb. They drink bumbo made of gin, RICHARDSON Borderer's
Table-bk. (1846) VIII. 104. Sus.1 Obs. We drank one bowl of punch
and two muggs of bumboo. Slang. Making merry round a table
well stored with bumbo and wine, SMOLLETT R. Random (1748)
xxxiv ; N. & Q. (1886; 7th S. i. 195, 294.
BUMBRUSH, v. Nrf.1 Suf.1 To beat soundly, esp.
to inflict school discipline.
[Cp. bum-brusher, a name for a schoolmaster. I (Diony-
sius) was forced to turn bum-brusher, T. BROWN Wks.
(1760) 11.86 (DAv.).]
3L
BUMBY
[442]
BUMP
BUMBY, sb. Hrt. e.An. Also written bumbay e.An.1
1. A quagmire from stagnating water, dung, &c. ;
a cess-pool ; marshy land. Also used a/Mb.
Hrt. CUSSANS Hist. Hrt. (1879-18811 III. 320. Nrf. (J.H.); Nrf.1
Suf. CULLUM Hist. Hawsted (1813! ; Let him inter that owd bumby
ditch, e.An. Dy. Times (1892) ; Suf.1 Wet insolid land is said ' ta
quail like a bumby.' Suf., Ess. YOUNG Ann. Agric. (1784-1815).
Ess. RAY (1691).
2. A receptacle for filth and rubbish.
e.An.1, Suf. (F.H.) Ess. Gl. (1851-. ; Ess.1
BUMBY, see Bimeby(e.
BUM-FIRE, see Burn-fire.
BUMFITT, num. adj. Obs. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Ess.
Also written buomfit, buumfit Wm.
1. Fifteen. Used by shepherds in scoring sheep. Cf.
boom.
Dur., Cum. LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) 38. Wm. Bumford,
N. & Q. (1871) 4th S. viii. 540. Dur., w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl.
(Nov. i, 1884). w.Yks., Ess. LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882; 38.
2. Twenty.
Wm. LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) 38 ; Trans. Antiq. Soc.
(1877)390.
[1. Wei. pymtheg, fifteen.]
BUMLET, sb. Hrf.2 A round stone used for filling
up walls in building.
BUMLOCK, sb. Sc. Also written bumlak QAM.). A
small, prominent, shapeless stone ; anything which en-
dangers one's falling or stumbling.
Abd. (JAM.) ; Not very common (W.M.).
BUMMACK, sb. Sc.
1. Obs. An entertainment given at Christmas by tenants
to their landlords.
Or.I. The Christmas bummacks are almost universally dis-
continued, Statist. Ace. XV. 393-4 (JAM.). S. & Ork.1
2. The brewing of a large quantity of malt for the
purpose of being drunk at once at a merry meeting.
Or.I. The mickle bicker of Scapa . . . brimful of the best bummock
that ever was brewed, SCOTT Pirate (1822) xxxvi. Cai. (JAM.1)
BUMMAREE, sb. and v. Lon. Slang.
1. sb. A class of salesmen or middlemen in Billingsgate
Market.
Lon. In Billingsgate the ' forestalled ' or middlemen are known
asbummarees, MAYHEW Land. Labour(i8$i) I. 67; N. & Q. (1851)
ist S. iv. 39.
2. A usurer.
Lon. Usurers, commonly called bummarees, trudging about after
their debtors, PARKER Low Life (1764) 6.
3. v. To buy up large quantities of fish to sell retail.
Lon. This wholesale retailing of fish is also called bummareeing
it, A'. V Q. (1851) ist S. iv. 39 ; (FARMER).
4. To run up a score at a newly opened public-house.
Slang. FORBY Gl.
[The same word as Du. boomerie, bodemrye, usurie or
gaine of shipping (HEXHAM). Cp. lit. E. bottomry, a con-
tract whereby money is advanced on the security of the
keel or bottom of a ship.]
BUMMEL, see Bumble.
BUMMELTY-, BUMMELY-KITE, see Bumble-kite.
BUMMER, sb. Var.dial. uses in Sc. Irel. Eng. and Amer.
1. A bumble-bee, bluebottle fly, or any humming insect.
See Bum, v?
Bnff.1 Dmb. We've nane o' your moorland foggy bummers wi'
their bykes in the grund, CROSS Disruption (1844) xl. Slk. Feckless
even to catch flees — for by comes a great bummer, CHR. NORTH
Nodes (ed. 1856) III. 131. [U.S.A. N. & Q. (1868) 4th S. i. 163.]
2. Obs. The bittern, Botaurus slellaris.
e.An. Before the bittern was exterminated I have often heard it
called the ' bummer,' and not long since a fen-man said ' there are
no more bummers and no more copper-flies,' N. Sf Q. (1868) 4th
S. ii. 261.
3. A boaster, empty foolish talker; an idler; a swinger,
great one, speaking of any large thing.
Rnf. /V. & Q. (1868) 4th S. ii. 214. w.Yks. He wor a tapraam
bummer, HARTLEY Clock Aim. 1889) 28. Der.1 Obs. [U.S.A.,
Calif. N. &• Q. ( 1868) 4th S. i. 75, 163.]
4. A child's toy made with a piece of twine and small
circular disc, usually of tin, which makes a humming noise.
Sc. Bummers — a thin piece of wood swung round by a cord,
Blackw. Mag. (Aug. 1821) 35 (JAM.). N.I.1
5. A carriage that sounds from a distance on the road ;
the driver of a carriage or gig.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. A road for horse — a road for foot — And yen for a"
the bummers, WILSON Dicky's Wig (1843) 83 ; Nhb.1 In former
times commercial travellers were all gigmen, or bummers.
BUMMICK, sb.1 Brks. Hmp. Wil. Som. [Not known
to our other correspondents.] A rising in the ground i
causing an uneven surface.
Brks. , Hmp., Wil. There were so many bummicks in the field
that it strained the mowing machine very much i W.H.E.).
Hence Bummicky, adj. rough, uneven.
sw.Som. A man with a tricycle said that he had found the roads
very bummicky (W.H.E.).
BUMMICK, sb? Wil. A cow or ox.
Wil. Go an' sar the bummicks. Not in common use (G.E.D.).
BUMMIL, v. Shr.1 [bu'ml.] To beat, pound. Cf.
pommel.
BUMMLE, see Bumble.
BUMMLER, see Bumbler.
BUMMLERSKITE, see Bumble-kite.
BUMMY, sb. Sc. A stupid person, fool.
Kcd. Ye senseless guid-for-naething bummy, BURNESS Thrummy
Cap (c. 1796) 1. 298. Per. (JAM.)
BUMP, v.1 and sb.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. v. To strike, beat, thump ; to take a boy by the arms
and legs and knock him against a tree or post.
Wm.1 Bump em 'is chops! Der.1, e.An.1 Nrf. We was a beat-
ing the bounds of the parish. Din't they just bump that bo-e agin
yon tree (W.R.E.) ; Nrf.1 Nrf., Suf., w.Sns. HOLLOWAY. n.Dev.
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
Hence (i) Bumper, sb. (a) the buffer of a railway
carriage ; (b) the heavy weight used in driving piles ; (2)
Bumping, vbl. sb. a punishment inflicted amongst boys ;
(3) Bumpy, adj. uneven, having lumps.
(r) n.Lin.1 (a) N.Cy.1, Suf.1 (3) Hmp. HOLLOWAY. w.Som.
U buunvpee soa'urt uv u roa'ud.
2. In phr. to bump against, to fall or run against with
violence.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. (W.G.) ; Nhb.1 The keel went bump agyenst
Jarrow, Allan's Coll. 194.
3. To thresh with the flail.
s.Chs. 'Oo bumpt what 'oo songad, DARLINGTON Ruth ii. 17.
s.Chs.1 Yur mes-tur)z wi)dhu men bump-in i)th baa-rn [Yur mester's
wi' the men bumpin i' th' barn].
4. To ride without rising in the stirrups, on a trotting
horse.
Nhp.1 He goes bumping along. War.3, e.An.1 Hmp. HOLLOWAY.
5. sb. A stroke, blow, thump.
Sc. He came bump upon me [with a stroke] (JAM.). Nhb.1,
Cum.1, w.Yks.1
6. The posterior, buttocks.
Wm. Mi feet shot oot an' Ah went o' mi bump (B.K.).
Hence Bumpy, sb. the buttocks.
Ayr. She reishelled his bumpy weel, SERVICE Dr. Diiguid
(1887) 225.
7. A woman's hair, tied into a knot behind. n.Yks.
(I.W.), w.Yks. (B.K.)
8. A hillock, the escarpment or abrupt termination of a
ridge of high land. e.Yks.1 ; ib. MS. add. (T.H.)
9. pi. Blocks of wood placed under a spring-cart, when
too heavily loaded, to relieve the springs. Chs.1, s.Chs.1
BUMP, sb.2 and v? Sc. Lan. Pern, [bump.]
1. 5*. The bittern, Botaurus stellaris. Also in comp.
Bump-a-gorse. See Butter-bump.
ne.Lan.1, s.Pem. (W.M.M.) [SwAiNSON Birds (1865} 147.]
2. The booming sound made by the bittern. ne.Lan.'
3. v. To make a booming sound like the bittern.
Slk. The bleater came bumping from the moss, HOGG Queer Bk.
(1832) 42.
BUMP, sb.3 Wm. Yks. [bump.]
1. Very coarse wool or yarn ; coarse linen canvas.
Wm. (B.K.) ; A robust girl in a short petticoat of Kendal bump,
BRIGGS Remains (1825) 174. Wm., w.Yks. (R.H.H. w.Yks.
SEDGWICK Mem. Cougill Chapel (1868) 58.
BUMP
[443]
BUNCH
2. Comp. (i) Bump-cap, a cap made ot coarse wool or
yarn ; (2) -sheets, sheets made of coarse cotton.
(i) w.Yks. A kind of caps worn by the negroes, called bump-
caps, Howirr Rur. Eng. (1838) I. 309. (2) w.Yks. They'n stacks
a blankits an bumpsheets, BYWATER Sheffield Dial. (1839) 172;
(F.K.) ; w.Yks.2
BUMP, sb* Wor. A great deal, quantity, lot.
s.Wor. ' It baint so far by a bump. ' Awaythroughsomefields was
pointed out to me by which I should save a bump (H.K.).
BUMPER, sb. Yks. Lan. [buTnpa(r).] Anything
unusually large, well developed. Cf. bumping.
w.Yks. Yond bairn's a bumper (B.K.). e.Lan.1
BUMPER, v. Sc. Cum. [bu'mpar.] To fill to the
brim ; drink the health in a bumper.
Fif. Their glasses soon are bumper'd to the brim again, TENNANT
Anster (1812) 41, ed. 1871. Ayr. And bumper his horn with him
twenty times o'er, BURNS Whistle, st. 8. Cum. Come, bumper the
Cummerlan' lasses, ANDERSON Ballads (^SoS) 175.
BUMPER, num. adj. Obs. w.Yks. Fifteen. Used
by shepherds in scoring sheep. See Bumfitt.
w.Yks. Used at Knaresborough, LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c.
.1882) 38 ; Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov. i, 1884).
BUMPING, ppl. adj. Lan. War. Glo. Brks. Som.
Large, big. Cf". bumper, sb.
Glo.1 Brks.1 A gid I a bumpin' lot. w.Som.1 I calls-n a gurt
buunrpeen cheel vor his age.
Hence Bumping weight, phr. full weight, overweight.
Lan. If aw'd bin givin' bumpin' weight, Aw'd ne'er ha' kep' my
books an' payments straight, DOHERTY A'. Barlow (1884) 7. War.3
People expected bumping weight, and if only exact weight were
given the seller was thought to be greedy and skinny, B'hant
Dy. Gazette (Jan. 25, 1896).
BUMPKIN, sb. Cor.12 Also in form bunken. A piece
of iron projecting from the bow of a boat to which the jib
is fastened.
[The bumkin in a ship, Chicambault, une piece de bois
long & gros, attachee d'un bout, & par le dedans du navire,
avec des amarres au masterel, SHERWOOD (1672). Boom
(as in jib-boom) + -kin.]
BUMS, sb. pi. Sus. The coralline known as ' Dead
Men's Fingers.' (F.E.S.) ; (E.E.S.)
BUM-TOWEL, sb. Som. Dev. The long-tailed or
bottle titmouse, Acredula rosea.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 Aaynoa 'us ubuum-taewulz
nas- wai zab'm agz een un [I know a bottle-tit's nest with seven
eggs in it]. Dev. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 32.
BUM TURF, phr. Irel. To cart turf to a town for
sale.
s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890).
BUM-UP, adv. Yks. [bu'm-up.] Completely, entirely.
e-Yks.1 He nobbot ga ma a pint o' yal, an' Ah finished it bum-
up at yah"sup.
BUN, s*.1 Sc. Irel. n.Cy. Wm. Yks. Der. Lin. Nhp.
Bdf. e.An. Also written bune Sc. [bun.]
1. A dry stalk, hollow stem, ' kex,' esp. of Heradeum
sphondylium.
s.Wxf. He hot me wid a cabbage bun (P.J.M.). n.Cy. GROSE
(1790) Suppl. Wm.1 n.Yks. Science Gossip (1882) 66 ; n.Yks.1 ;
n.Yks.2 The hollow stems of the hogweed or cow-parsnip, used
by boys to blow peas through. Also called Kecksies. e.Yks.
MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788). m.Yks.1 Used for candle-spells.
Der.2 Dried nettle-stalks for fire-lighting. nw.Der.1, e.An.1
2. The dry stalky part of flax or hemp.
Ags. When flax has not been steeped long enough, so that the
blair, which constitutes the useful part of the plant, does not
separate easily from the core, it is said ' The blair disna clear the
bune ' (JAM.). N.Cy.2 nXin. N. (f Q. (1852) ist S. v. 375 ;
nXin.1
3. The stubble of beans left by the scythe after mowing.
Nhp.1 Often cut for burning and lighting fires ; Nhp.2 Bdf.
BATCHELOR Anal. Eng. Lang. (1809).
4. The wild beaked parsley, A nthriscus sylvestris. n.Yks.
5. The hollow end of a cow's horn. w.Yks.2
[1. Flasshes, and lowe places, and all the holowe
bunnes and pypes that growe therin, FITZHERBERT Husb.
(1534) 62. OE. bune, 'harundo, calamus,' Harl. MS.
(c. 1000) in Wright's Voc. (1884) 198.]
BUN, sb.2 Irel. Yks. Nhp. War. Wor. [bun.] A
rabbit. The word is used for calling them to their food.
N.I.1, w.Yks. (H.L.), w.Yks.1, Nhp.', War.2, Wor. (J.W.P.)
BUN, sb? Sc. Irel. Nhb. [bun.] The tail of a hare or
rabbit ; alsoy?^. the seat.
Sc. Till morning we ne'er jeed our bun, RAMSAY Tea-Table
Misc. (1724) II. 237, ed. 1871. Kcb. Poor maukin . . . Cocks her
bun in rude defiance of his pow'r, DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 27.
N.I.1 s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (l8go\ Nhb.1
Ir. bun (O'REILLY).]
BUN, sb* Wm. Yks. Lan. Lin. Dev. Cor.
1. A dinner-roll, a small loaf of bread. Wm., Yks.(B.K.)
Hence Bun-bread, sb., in phr. to beat to bun-bread, to
administer a severe thrashing. Cor.1
2. Comp. (i) Bun-feast, a public tea, where buns are
eaten ; (2) -loaf, plum cake ; (3) -scramble, see -feast.
(i) nXin.1 Ther was a bun-feast at Butterwick Methodis'
Chapil. Dev. w. Times (Mar. 12, 1886) 6. (2) Lan. (A.C.) (3) Cor.3
[Bignets, buns, Lenten-loaves, COTGR. ; Thow must
square ... by bred clene & evenly, and |>at no loof ne
bunne be more ban ober, RUSSELL Bk. Nurture (c. 1460)
211, in Meals <S-= Mqnners, ed. Furnivall, 14.]
BUN, sb? Yks. Lin. [bun.] Gen. in //. The longitu-
dinal bars in the frame of a harrow, in which the teeth
are fixed, and through which the slots pass. Cf. bull, sb?
w.Yks. (J.J.B.) ; w.Yks.2 A four bun harrow. nXin.1
BUN, sb.e Yks. Lan. [bun.] A bobbin for thread.
w.Yks.8
Hence Bunhorns, sb. pi. briars to wind yarn on. Lan.1
BUN, sb.7 se.Wor. A bung. Sometimes also Bun-
cork. (H.K.) ; (R.M.E.)
[Cp. MDu. bonne, a bung, see FRANCK (s.v. Bom, i).]
BUN, sb." Ken. The excrement deposited by a sheep
on being shorn. (P.M.)
Hence Bun-boy, sb. the boy who waits on sheep-
shearers.
Ken. If a sheep deposits excrement while being shorn there is a
cry for ' Bun-boy,' whose duty it is to cast the bun out of the
shearing place in order that the wool may not be soiled. In
common use (P.M.).
BUN, sb.B Ags. QAM.) [Not known to our correspon-
dents.] A large cask placed in a cart, for the purpose of
bringing water from a distance. See Boyne.
BUN, v. Sc. All n. counties to Der. Also Lin. War.
Shr. Also written bund Nhb.1 Dur.1 Cum. Wm. Lan.
Chs^Shr.1 [bun.]
1. Pret. andpp. Dial. pron. of bound. See Bind, Bound,/>/>.
2. Comp. Bun-hedge, a hedge of stakes bound together
with twigs.
w.Yks.1 Lan. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Lan.1, eXan.1
BUNCE, sb. and v. Sc. Irel. Lan. Slang, [buns.]
1. sb. A bonus, commission ; profit.
Edb. Used by boys at the High School. When one finds any-
thing, he who cries ' Bunce ! ' has a claim to the half of it. ' Stick
up for your bunce' (JAM.). N.I.1 A consideration in the way of
commission given to persons who bring together buyer and seller
at a flax market. Slang. All over that amount being the boys' profit
or bunts, MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) I. 33 ; To sell upon com-
mission, or, as it is termed, for ' bunse,' ib. I. 470.
2. v. To share money.
Ir. He would not bunse with me (M.B.-S.). NX1 Bunce the
money. mXan.1 To bunce at profits is to join at 'em, or share an'
share alike at 'em.
BUNCH, sb.1 and v.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
Also in form bunge s.Chs.1 ; bunse Sc.
I. sb. As a specific measure of quantity.
1. Of wheat : eight gleans or handfuls bound together.
ne.Yks.1 Spreead oot t'bunch arses an' then they weean't
whemm'l ower.
2. Of teazles: (Ess.) 25 heads, (n.Yks.) 10, (Glo.) 20.
Of king's teazles : (Glo.) 10 heads.
Yks., Glo. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863) ; Glo.1 Ess. MORTON
Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
3. Of osiers: a bundle measuring 45 in. round at the
band. Of reeds : a bundle 25 in. round.
Cmb. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
3L2
BUNCH
[444]
BUNDLE
4. Of cotton and worsted : six hanks. Of wool : four
hanks. w.Yks.*
II. 1. A group, cluster, collection, company.
Sc. A bunch of candle, Scoticisms (1787) 23. Wtn. Ah'll feit o'
t'bunch o' ye fer a quart o' yal (B.K.). nXin.1 A bunch of laths.
Nrf. Gimmingham, Trimmingham, Knapton, and Trunch, North
Repps, and South Repps, are all of a bunch, Prov. in WHITE e.Eng.
(1865) I. 188. Sur. She lives in one o' that bunch o' cottages
by the Green, N. & Q. (1878) 5th S. x. 222.
2. A small drove or herd of cattle ; a flight of plovers, &c.
Hrf.2 Glo.1 A bunch of beasts. e.An.1 Nrf. A bunch of wild-
fowl, PATTERSON"^/OI« and Nat. (1895) 14.
3. A bow of ribbons ; a posy for the buttonhole.
ne.Lan. (H.M. i Brks. Gl. (1852) ; Brks.1 A pramised to buy
muh o' bunch of blue ribbon To tie up my bonnie brown haair.
4. A mass of ore in a lode.
Dev. The bunch of nearly pure metal was before him, BARING-
GOULD J. Herring (1888) 345. Cor.2
Hence (i) Bunch, v. of ore : to be irregularly distributed
in a lode ; (a) Bunchy, adj. in irregular masses.
(i) Dev. The vein ' bunched,' BARING-GOULD./. Herring (1888)
345. (2) Cor.2
6. A swelling.
Hrt. Running a red hot iron through the bunch, ELLIS Mod.
Hush. (1750) III. ii. Ken. (P.M.) Stir.1 A swelling when it is
soft and yields to the touch [as disting. from a ' callus ']. Sus.1
It came out in bunches all over me. I.W.2 Hmp. (J.R.W.) ; Hmp.1
6. A blotch or sore.
Hmp. WISE New Forest (1883) 281 ; Hmp.1 w.Som.1 Ee-d
u-guut buun'chez au'l oa'vur dhu fae'us oa un [he had spots or
marks all over his face].
7. An awkward-looking woman or girl.
Ayr., Gall. (JAM. Suppl.i e.An.1 (s.v. Bundle). Dev. That
great idle bunch, Sophy, SHARLAND VM. (1885) 135.
8. Comb, (i) Bunch-berry, the fruit of the stone-bramble,
Rubus saxatilis ; (2) — o' fives, a doubled fist.
(i) N.Cy.1 Used for tarts. Nhb.1, Cum.1, w.Yks.1 (2) w.Yks.
Aw felt varry mich inclined to shov a bunch o' fives in his face,
HARTLEY Tales, 2nd S. 33. Lei.1 Ah'll gie ye a bunch o' foives
i' yer feace. War.3, se.Wor.1
0. In phr. (i) All to a bunch, stumpy, squat; (2) hold
your bunch, hold your tongue, be silent.
(i) w.Som.1 Uur leok'ud au'l tiie u buunch. (2) Rut.1
10. v. To tie in bunches.
Chs.1; Chs.3Bunchingcarrots formarket. s.Chs.1 Bimzh is slightly
depreciatory in meaning, and conveys the idea of binding together
heterogeneous things, or of binding together a lot of things
carelessly or untidily.
11. Of seed, &c. : to come up thicker in some places than
others ; to plant beans in bunches instead of in rows.
Hmp. (W.M.E.F.) Wil. DAVIS Agric. (1813) ; WU.1
Hence Bunching, vbl. sb. seed sown too closely, several
being put in a hole ; springing in clusters.
Wor. YOUNG Ann. Agric. (1784-1815). Hmp. She be such seed
for bunchin', she be (W.M.E.F.).
12. To offer a bunch of flowers.
Ess. The children bunched well t'year, ma'am [bringing flowers
for decoration] (A.R.B.W.).
BUNCH, v? and sb.2 Sc. Nhb. Dun Cum. Yks. Not.
Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. e.An. Hmp. Wil. Cor. Also written
bunce Wil.1 ; bunse Cum.2 [bunf, bBnf, buns.]
1. v. To strike with the head, foot, or knee ; to butt at,
kick, push.
N.Cy.1, Nhb. (W.G.), Nhb.1, Dur.1 n.Yks. To a child it is said,
'Thuz bunsh'd dhibiut tias ut, dha bunshiz dhi feettagidhar ' (W.H.) ;
n.Yks.1 He bunched me wiv his foot. 'Deean't thee coom na
furder, or Ah'll bunch ' ; addressed to a clergyman at the font in
a Dale's church, by a juvenile candidatefor ' Christening' ; n.Yks.23
ne.Yks.1 Pleeas'm, tell Jane to give ower ; sha bunches an sha
nips. He was fit ti bunch t'deear doon. e.Yks. Bunch him, Ned ;
he sed thoo was a feeal. Mahnd an deean't bunch tonnaps up,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 24 ; e.Yks.1 Ah's not boon to he' mah
lad bunch'd aboot like that. m.Yks.1 Limited in application to
persons, not employed^. w.Yks. Or mebbe thoo'll be bunched
aboot Wi' t'barns across o' t'fleur, BLACKAH Poems (1867) 33 ;
w.Yks.1; w.Yks.5 Ah'll bunch him nobbud let me gehr a seet on
him ! Not. (W.H.S.) n.Lin.1 Defendant came to him in a field
and bunched him because he would not drive the horses steadier,
Gainsburgh News (May 19, 1877). Cauves bunches the'r muther's
bags as soon as thaay can stan. sw.Lin.1 I feel as sore as thofe
I had been bunched. Nhp.1 Bunch me up on the wall. Hmp.
WISE New Forest (1883 1281 ; Hmp.1, Wil.1 Cor.2 Children playing
and running ' head on,' cry out, ' I'll bunch 'ee, I'll bunch 'ee.'
Hence Bunching, ppl. adj. Of animals : given to butting
or striking.
Cum.2 A bunsin cow.
2. Comp. Bunch-clot, a clodhopper, a farm labourer.
n.Yks.12 e.Yks. NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 24 ; e.Yks.1 So
called by townspeople. m.YksJ w.Yks. 3 bunshklot gits lotz
3 fresh ere (W.H.). n.Lin.1
3. To beat hemp.
e.An.1 ; e.An.2 In other days, lads and lasses who had mis-
behaved were sent, not to the treadmill, but to bridewell to bunch
hemp for a destined term.
4. To offend, to make angry. Lei.1, War.3
6. To be off, to hurry away, 'bunk,' start up.
War.3 ' Now then, bunch quickly,' would be said angrily or
threateningly — as to an impudent tramp. Nrf. As [the geese]
bunched up, Peggy blazed intu 'em, PATTERSON Man and Nat.
(1895) 123.
6. To hobble, walk clumsily or with difficulty. Rxb.
QAM.), n.Yks.2
7. sb. A blow, kick, push, punch.
Sc. Ane gat a bunch o' the wame, SCOTT Minstrelsy (1802) II.
89, ed. 1848. Dnr.1 e.Yks. He ga" ma bunch ower mi leg,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 24 ; e.Yks.1 w.Yks. GRAINGE Nidder-
dale (1863) 225. Nhp.1 Give me a bunch up. Wil.1 Gie un a good
bunce in the ribs.
8. The mark from which the spring is made in the
game of leap-frog ; the starting-point in a race.
Per. ' Heel the bunch ' or ' toe the bunch,' as previously agreed
on (G.W.).
[1. To bunch, perculere, SKINNER (1671) ; Bunchon,
tundo, Prompt. 3. I will reele, and bunch hempe, CORN-
WALLIS Disc, on Seneca (1631) sig. O o 2.]
BUNCHING, ppl. adj. Sc. Dashing in dress or manner,
of imposing appearance.
Sc. An' up I gat twa bunching megs, An' fill'd the ring, BEATTIES
Parings (1801) II.
BUNCHY, sb. Som. The Banksia rose.
w.Som.1 I never didn zee my buun'sheez so fine's they be de
year.
BUNCHY, adj. Hrf. Som.
1. Short and stout.
Som. A bunchy little man with a round face, RAYMOND Love and
Quiet Life (1894) 34. w.Som.1 Uur-z u buun'shee leed'l dhing, uur
aez' [she is a short, fat, little thing, she is].
2. Of celery : rank, coarse.
Hrf.2 Bunchy, busky stuff.
BUNDATION.sA. Shr. Abundance. See Abundation.
Shr.1 Theer'll be a bundai'shu'n o' fruit o' them ras'b'ry-canes.
BUNDIE, sb.1 Or.I. Name given to the foil, birds:
(i) the common sandpiper, Tringoides hypoleucus ; (2)
the dunlin, Tringa alpina.
Or.I. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 194, 196.
BUNDIE, sb.1 N.I> The posteriors.
[Conn. w. Ir. bundun, the fundament (O'REILLY).]
BUNDING, sb. Wm. Der. Also written bunnin',
bunning Der. [birndin, birnin.] A lodgement or stage
connecting the ends of ladders used in a vertical or
' climbing ' shaft ; a platform or cover of planks.
Wm.1 Der. tH \-viv Mineralogy (1802) ; Buckler, bunnin, brazen-
dish, &c., FURNESS Medicus (1836) 33.
[Runnings, MANLOVE Lead Mines (1653) 257, ed. 1874,
19.]
BUNDLE, sb. and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Eng. and
Amer.
L sb. Of barley straw, 35 Ibs. ; of oat straw, 40 Ibs. ; of
wheat straw, 28 Ibs.
Dev. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
2. Of osiers : a quantity tied up together, measuring in
Hmp. 42 inches round the lower band, in Won 38 inches.
Wor., Hmp. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
3. A great gust of wind. Dor. (C.V.G.)
4. A large, fat woman ; an opprobrious epithet applied
to a woman.
War. B'hant Wkly. Post (June 10, 1893) ; War.123, e-An.1
BUND-WEED
[445]
HUNGER
. A ' frog's hornpipe.'
w.Yks.3 Doncin' a bundil.
6. In pi. a game of cards. Hmp.1
1. v. To go off in a hurry, gen. with prep. off.
Wm. Pack up thi traps an' bundle oot o'mi seet(B.K.). w.Yks.
Thah can bundle thisenoffassooin asthah'samind (i'A.). Hrf.2He
bundled off. Brks.1 Us bundled pretty sherp, I can tell 'e. Sus.2,
Hmp.1 Wil. SLOW Gl. (1892). Dor.1 She scream'd, an' bundled
out o' house, 278.
8. With prep, down : to fall violently.
Ess. Oh ! smack he bundled down, CLARK J. Noakes (1839) 22.
9. To sleep in one's clothes on the same bed or couch
with (as was formerly common in Wales and New Eng.).
Wai. The Welsh folk-lorists do not ' bundle ' at their solemn
meetings, Sat. Review (1889) LXVIII. 319. s.Pem. LAWS Little
Eng. (1888) 419. [New Eng. Van Corlear stopped occasionally in
the villages to eat pumpkin-pies, dance at country frolics, and
bundle with the Yankee lasses, IRVING Knickerbocker (1809)
(BARTLETT).]
Hence Bundling, vbl. sb. See below.
Cum., Wm. A custom, formerly in vogue, of a betrothed pair
going to bed in their clothes, BRAND Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1870) II. 56.
[In the majority of those counties in which the per centage of
female offenders is inordinately great, that peculiar form of court-
ship which is termed ' bundling,' or some equally loose modification
of it. is known to prevail, MAYHEW Prisons (1862) 461.]
10. To live in a state of concubinage.
Bnff.1 Term in use among the agricultural servants.
BUND- WEED, 56. Sc. e.An. Also written bunweed
Suf.1, and in form bunds e.An.1 Name given to various
plants : (i) Centaurea nigra ; la) Scabiosa succisa, devil's-
bit ; (3) Senecio jacobaea, ragweed ; (4) Heracleum sphondy-
lium, cow-parsnip.
(i)e.An.1 Nrf.1 Much infesting grass land. (2) e.An.1 (3)80.
The witches always went by air on broom-sticks and bunweeds
instead of venturing by water in sieves, Blackw. Mag. (June 1820)
266 i JAM.). Snf.1 (4) Suf.1
BUNE, see Boon, Bun.
BUNE-HOUSE, sb. Sh.I. Also written byuness. A
church.
Sh.I. (Coll. L.L.B.) S. & Ork.1
[Lit. a 'prayer-house'; cp. ON. bcena-hus, a chapel;
see JAKOBSEN Norr. Sprog (1897) 94. See Boon, sb.2]
BUNEMOST, adj. Sc. Cum. Also written been- Bnff.1;
boon- Sc. ; beunnmest Cum.1 Uppermost. See Aboon.
Sc. Tarn o' the linn, he had three bairns, They fell in the fire, in
each other's arms ; ' Oh,' quo' the boonmost, ' I've got a het skin ' ;
' It's better below,' quo' Tarn o' the linn, CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes
(1870) 33. Bnff.1, Abd. (G.W.) Lnk. He pits the workin man in
his richt place, an' that's bunemost, HUNTER J. Inwick (.1895; 91.
Cum.1
BUNEWAND, sb. Sc. Yks. Also written bunnen,
bunwand Yks. ; bunnon n.Yks.12
1. Heracleum sphondylium, cow-parsnip. See Bun, sb.1
Sc. (JAM.) n.Yks. Science Gossip (1882) 66; n.Yks.12
2. The dock.
Ags. The produce of these neglected stripes is generally a coarse
grass intermixed with docks (Sc. Bunewands), Blackw. Mag.
(Aug. 1818) 125 (JAM.).
[1. Some buckled on a bunwand, and some on a been,
MONTGOMERIE FlytlHg (ed. 1629) 276.]
BUN-FIRE, see Burn-fire.
BUNG, sb.1 and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. sb. Cotnp. (i) Bung-ball, a small leather ball such as
children play with ; (2) -dock, the custom of docking a
horse's tail ; (3) -grog, the washings of spirit-casks ; (4)
•stodged, sated, well-fed ; (5) -tail, the tail of a draught-
horse, which has been docked ; (6) -tailed, having a
docked tail. Cf. bunged.
(i) Bdf. For some unexplained reason, this sport is connected
with Shrove Tuesday. It seems to be the frail, surviving emblem
of the sports of a carnival (J.W.B.). (2) Suf. RAINBIRD Agric.
(1819) 289, ed. 1849 ; Suf.1 (3) nXan.1 (4) War. I'm bung-
stodged and jammed full (N.R.). (5) e.An.1 (6) Suf. RAINBIRD
Agric. (1819) 289, ed. 1849 ; (F.H.)
2. v. To stop up, cram, close up as with a blow ; gen. in
phr. to bung up one's eye ; also Jig., see below.
Nhb.1 The cundy's bung'd up wi' clarts. He gat sic a bat it
bung'd his eye up. e.Yks. Bung his ees up for him, he desahves
it, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 24 ; We're fair bung'd up wiv wahk,
Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 16, 1892); e.Yks.1 MS. odd. (T.H.)
w.Yks. His eyes are bunged up wi' cold (J.T. ). Lan. (F. R.C.)
Stf.2 Applied to stopping any hole. Not18 n-Lin.1 Th' mohds hes
bung'd up the suffs in Naathan-Land. Sus., Hmp. To bung your
eye, to drink until a person is so drunk that he cannot see,
HOLLOWAY. nw.Dev.1 I can't bung it into the 'aid o'n nohow.
Hence Bung, sb. a blow, with the idea of stopping
something up ; a crash, bang.
Sh.I. Ta da door comes a aafil-laek bung, BURGESS Rosntie
(1892) 10. Bnff.1 He flew till's wark wee a bung. Stf.2 Oil gi Si
3 bung i ft iaroul.
3. To throw with force. Also a schoolboy's term : to
knock against a tree.
Abd. (JAM.) Brks. To perform the ceremony of 'bunging'
(W.H.E.).
Hence Bunging, vbl. sb. the ceremony of bumping
a new boy against a tree.
Brks. Employed by the other boys as a process of initiating the
new boy to what might be called the freedom of their society.
' Have you got your bunging yet ? ' (W.H.E.)
4. To fly into a fit of bad humour ; to walk quickly with
a haughty air ; to incur a person's displeasure.
Bnff.1 Y'ive bungt 'im at ye. He bungt at it at aince, an' wid
hae naething mair t'dee wee't.
Hence (i) Bung, sb. ill-temper, sometimes in phr.
to take a bung, to take offence ; (2) Bunging, ppl. adj.
hasty, violent ; (3) Bungy, adj. petulant, touchy.
(i) Sc. But now the lave are i' the bung, BEATTIES Parings
(1801) 30. Abd. He's hame nae time syne in a terrible bung,
ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xxv. (2) Bnff.1 (3) Sc. (JAM.)
6. To emit a buzzing or twanging sound as of something
thrown through the air. Hence (i) Bung, sb. the sound
produced when a stone is thrown through the air ; the
act of throwing a stone in this way ; (2) Bung-tap, sb. a
humming-top. Sc. (JAM.)
BUNG, sb? Chs. Stf. [bun.]
1. A lot, a large quantity.
s.Chs.1 Dhu)z tuwd u praaHbungg u lahyz [Tha's towd a pratty
bung o' lies].
2. Pottery term : a pile of dishes or plates.
Stf.2 5r kan kari foiv duzn a pleit i won bung. [' Bungs of
saggers ' are piles of saggers filled with ware and placed in the oven,
one on the top of the other, until the roof of the oven is reached,
Gl. Lab. (1894).]
BUNG, sb? Sc. Nhb. Cum. Nhp. [bun.]
1. A worthless person ; one who is very lively.
Nhb.1 It is very usual to call a person ' a lazy bung,' ' an idle
bung.' Cum. She's a girt bung (E.W.P.). Nhp.2
2. An old worn-out horse. Sc. (JAM. ), Per. (G.W.)
BUNG, sb.* Sc. (JAM.) [Not known to our correspon-
dents.] The instep of a shoe.
BUNG, adj. Sc. Bdf. Intoxicated.
Sc. Poor Willie by this time was bung, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads,
(1806) I. 296. Lnk. Changed her mind when bung That very day,
RAMSAY Poems (1725) I. 268, ed. 1800.
Hence (i) Bung-full, adj., (2) Bungie, adj. tipsy, in-
toxicated.
(i) Rnf. Whan a rake's gaun hame bung-fu', PICKEN Poems
(1785) 52 (JAM.). (2) e.Sc. (JAM.) Bdf. Bungi, BATCHELOR Anal.
Eng. Lang. (1809).
BUNGAY-PLAY, sb. e.An.1 Nrf.1 A way of playing
whist by leading all winning cards in succession, without
finesse.
[From ' Bungay,' the name of a town in Suffolk.]
BUNGE, see Bunch.
BUNGED, ppl. adj. Suf. Of a horse's tail : docked.
Cf. bung, sb.1 1 (2, 5, 6).
Suf. RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 289, ed. 1849 ; Suf.1
BUNGELBERRY, sb. Obs.l Cum. The stone-
bramble, Rubus saxatilis.
Cum. HUTCHINSON Hist. Cum. -.1794) I. App. 41.
BUNGER, v. Brks. Sus. Som. [bB-nga(r), bB-nga(r).]
To do anything awkwardly.
Sus.12 Som. COOPER Gl. (1853).
Hence Bungersome, adj. clumsy, unwieldy.
Brks. GROSE (^1790); NICHOLS Bibl. Top. Brit. (1790) IV. 56;
BUNGEY
[446]
BUNKS
Gl. (1852) ; Brks.1 That ther bundle o" zacks be too bungerzome
vor I to car. A be a bungerzome zart o' chap.
[Cp. bungerly, clumsily. Bungerly done, infabre, BARET
(1580).]
BUNGEY, sb.1 Stf. Also written bungy Stf.2 [birngi.]
1. A bricklayer's assistant. Stf.1
2. A general factotum ; a drudge.
Stf.2 Tum'z gon far bei bungi far dh' parsan. Ya won av mi ta
bi yar bungi.
BUNGEY, sb.2 Wil. Name given in derision to the
inhabitants of Imber, near Heytesbury. (G.E.D.)
BUNGLE, sb. and v. Sh.I. 1. sb. A clod or other hard
substance used as a missile to pelt with. 2. To throw
a sod or turf at a person. S. & Ork.1
BUNGLEMENT, sb. Glo. [bB'rjglment.] Confusion,
mismanagement.
Glo. If the Vicar's given the orders, there'll be a bunglement ;
I knows 'un (A.B.).
BUNGLESOME, adj. Ken. [bB-rjglsam.] Muddled,
tangled, confused. (A.E.C.) ; (P.M.)
BUNGOW, sb. sw.Lan. An idiot. (H.M.)
BUNGUMS, sb. pi. Yks. [birrpmz.] A game at
marbles.
w.Yks.2 Four holes are made in the ground, three of them being
in a row, and the fourth at some little distance from the others.
Two or three boys stand by the fourth hole and bowl their taws
in turn to the first of the three holes, and then to the second and
third. It is agreed before the game begins that the boy whose
taw is the last to get into the last hole must lay his hand on the
ground with the knuckles upwards, about three feet from the last
hole, to be shot at by the taws of the other boys. This last hole
is called the ' old lass.' As soon as the last boy has bowled his
taw into the ' old lass' he shouts. ' Knuckle down and bird eggs,'
whilst the other boys immediately shout, ' Lights up and no bird
eggs,' and the party which is the first to say these words has the
choice. If the cry ' Knuckle down and bird eggs ' is first heard,
the last boy can put his taw between his knuckles, and the other
boys must shoot at him with their knuckles in the last hole. Any
boy who hits the taw between the knuckles cannot shoot again.
If the cry ' Lights up and no bird eggs ' is first heard, the boys
may put one hand into the hole, and rest the other hand thereon,
so that they may shoot with greater force, and in this case the last
boy cannot put his taw between his knuckles. Then they each
have the full number of shots at the knuckles agreed on at the
commencement of the game.
BUNGY, adj. and sb. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written
bungee Som. [bB'rjgi.]
1. adj. Short and squat.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; (W.F.R. ; w.Som.1 Puurdee lee-dl
au's — u lee'dl tiie' buung-gee luyk [pretty little horse — a little too
squat and short]. Bungy old fuller like, all ass an' pockets.
Dev. Reports Provinc. (1877) 128. nw.Dev.1
2. Stupid, clumsy. Cor.8
3. sb. A person who is short and stout ; anything thick
and squat.
Som. JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng. (1869;. Dev. He's a nice little
i hap, sure "nuff; a proper little bungy. Bungy 'pon truckles, All
vlaish an' no knuckles, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892).
BUN-HEDGE, see Bun, v.
BUNHILL, sb. Nhp.1 A bunion.
BUN-HOLE, sb. Yks. [birn-oil.] A game at marbles,
a diminutive form of the game of golf. See Bungums.
w.Yks.z [N. & Q. (1855) ist S. xii. 344.]
BUNJEL, sb. Sc. Also written binjel. A bundle of
hay, straw, &c. Per. (G.W.), Gall. QAM. Suppl.)
BUNJELL, sb. Nhp.2 A hard blow.
BUNK, sb.1 Sc. A chest which also serves for a seat.
Cf. benk, sb. 1, bunker, sb.1 1.
Frf. Blinder was in the bunk pulling the teeth of his potatoes,
BARRIE Tommy (1896) 131. Per. A long wooden seat in the form
of a sofa with a panelled back and no padding (G.W.).
BUNK, sb. 2 Nrf. Suf. Name given to var. plants:
(1) any large hollow-stemmed Umbelliferae (Nrf. Suf.) ;
(2) Conium maculatum (Nrf.) ; (3) the roots of Convolvu-
lus septum (Nrf.).
BUNK, v.1 e.Yks. [bunk.] To put up the back like
a cat. (W.W.S.)
BUNK, v." Dev. [bBrjk.] To blindfold in the game
of hide-and-seek. See Bunky-bean.
n.Dev. Let us bunky Ned. . . . I've vound 'e out, And you'll be
bunked ta last, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 27, 30.
BUNKAS, sb. e.An. [bB-nkas.] A confused crowd.
e-An.1, Nrf.1 Suf.1 Kinda !— what a bunkas on 'em.
BUNKEN, see Bumpkin.
BUNKER, s6.' Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Also in form
bonker Nhb.1 ; bunkert, bunkart Sc. [bu'nkar.]
1. A chest, window-seat which forms a chest, settle.
Sc. No seat accommodated him so well as the bunker at Wood-
end, SCOTT Midlothian (1818) viii ; Johnstone was sitting in the
bunker by the fireside, WHITEHEAD Daft Davie (.1876) 283, ed.
1894. S. & Ork.1 A large chest for containing meal. Ayr. A
winnock bunker in the east, BURNS Tarn d Shanter (1790) 1. 119.
Lnk. Ithers frae aff the bunkers sank, RAMSAY Poems ^ed. 1800,
I. 280. Slk. She's sittin on a bunker by her lane, CHR. NORTH
Nodes (ed. 1856) III. 307. Nhb.1
2. An earthen seat in the fields ; a bank by a roadside ;
a large heap of stones, clay, &c.
Sc. While snaw the frosty bunkarts theeks, TARRAS Poems
(1804) 106 (JAM.). Bnff.1 Abd. The fishers . . . built an open
bunkart or seat to shelter them from the wind, State Leslie ' 1805
146 (JAM.). N.I.1
3. The desk of a schoolmaster or precentor in a church.
Lth. They brunt my taws, my wig they hid, Syne lap upon the
bunker lid, BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 139; He most frequently
occupied the ' desk,' as the precentor's seat was called (sometimes,
however, the ' bunker'), STRATHESK Blinkbonny (ed. 1891) 107.
4. An inequality in the surface of ice.
Lth. Yet bunkers aften send aglee, Altho' they weel did ettle,
Curlers' Sng., STRATHESK More Bits (ed. 1885) 274.
5. A small sand-pit, a roadside channel.
Sc. What you might call a bunker, a little sand-pit, SCOTT Redg.
(1824) Lett x. N.I.1 Ant He tumbled into a bunker, Ballymena
Obs. ' 1892 .
6. Comp. Bunker-coal, the coal used by a steam-ship for
its own consumption during the voyage.
Nhb., Dur. Bunker coals are abundant, no improvement in
prices, Newc. Dy. Leader (July 6, 1896). [The coal . . . stored in
the 'bunker,' Gl. Lab. (1894).]
BUNKER, sb.1 Nrf. [bB'nka(r).] One who fails to
face danger.
Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) 92.
[Der. of bunk (colloq. and slang), to be off, to run
away.]
BUNKER, sb.3 Not. Suf. [bBTjks(r).]
1. A blow, bang.
Suf. He slipped and hit his nose such a bunker (J.H.).
2. A defeat in a game. In marbles : total loss.
s.Not. We bet 'em in one innins ; it wor a bunker (J.P.K.).
BUNKER, v. Sus. Amer. [bB-nka(r).] To win at a
game ; to outdo another in feats of agility ; hence, to leap
over.
e.Sus. Can you bunker that hedge? HOLLOWAY. Sus.1 To jump
better [than another] over a gate, ditch, wall, or hedge. [Amer.,
Miss. I bunkered him, Dial. Notes (1896) I. 220.]
BUNKER-HEADED, adj. Cor.12 [bB-nkar-edid.] In
phr. bunker- headed fools, fools with head full of rubbish.
BUNKERS, sb. pi. e.An.1 [bB-rjkaz.] Name given
to any large rank-growing weed, e.g. Carex caespitosa.
BUNK-EYE, sb. War. [bu-nk-ai.] A person who
squints, or has the eye half closea.
War.2 Bunk-eye, Squint-eye, went to the fair, Bought two horses,
and one was a mare, One was blind, and the other couldn't see,
Bunk-eye, Squint-eye, one, two, three ! Street-rhyme.
Hence Bunk-eyed, ppl. adj. squinting, having the eye
half closed. War.2
BUNKING, ppl. adj. Obsol. w.Yks. Ess. Fat, large.
w.Yks. N. & Q. (1854) ist S. x. 400. Ess. (W.W.S.)
BUNKLE, sb. Sc. A stranger.
Ags. The dog barks because he kens yon to be a bunkle (JAM.).
BUNKS, sb.1 e.An.1 Nrf.' Suf.1 [bBrjks.] A rabbit.
See Bun, sb*
BUNKS, sb.2 e.An. [bBrjks.J The wild chicory,
Cichorium infybus.
e.An.1, Nrf.1 Suf. Science Gossip ^1883 113.
BUNKST
[447]
BUNT
BUNKST, pp. Not. [bunkst.] A boy's word when
playing at marbles, ' cleaned out,' without a marble left,
bankrupt. Also bunkst up.
s.Not. I'm bunkst. Shall yer set uz up again ? (J.P.K.) Not.1
Ah caan't play no more, Ah bunkst.
BUNKUM, adj. Obsol. w.Yks. Of imported beef:
tough, stringy.
w.Yks. In a comic paper (c. 1865) there was a narrative of the
struggles of the purchaser of a piece of bunkum beef (,F.K.X
BUNKUS, see Bronkus.
BUNKY-BEAN, sb. Dev. Also in forms buggy bane,
buckee bene. [bB-rjki-bin.] A game of hide-and-seek.
n.Dev. Lusus puerilis in tenebris, vulgo, ' shall I come away.'
Buggy Buggy (vel Buckee Buckee) bidde Bane, Is the way now
fair and clean, Is the goose gone to nest, And the fox ygone to
rest, Shall I come away ? GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) ; Try a game
o' bunky-bean barn-bye, ROCK Jim an' Nell ( 1867) st. 27. nw.Dev.1
BUNNACK, sb. S. & Ork.1 A lump, a large bone.
BUNNED,//. Dor. [bu-nd.] Shrunk. Dor. Gl. (1851).
BUNNEL, sb. Sc. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Also written
bunnle Sc. [bu'nl.] Name given to the dried stalks of:
(i) Hemp, Cannabis saliva ; (2) Cow-parsnip, Heradeum
sphondylium ; (3) Ragwort, Senecio jacobaea. See Bun, sb.1
(i) Cum. Used by smokers to light their pipes, GROSE (1790) ;
Gl. (1851). w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781). ne.Lan.1 Hemp
bunnels is good to nowt. (2) Lnk. (JAM.) Cum.1 Used for candle
lighters. Wm. It snapt like a bunnel, GIBSON Leg. and Notes
(1877) 20 ; Wm.1 (3) Slk. QAM.)
BUNNELL, sb. Won Shr. [bu-nl.] A drink made
from crushed apples after nearly all the juice has been
extracted for cider ; also applied to any kind of drink.
s.Wor. PORSON Quaint Wds. (1875) 12; s.Wor.1 Shr.1 The
chief ingredient is water.
[A small thin wine . . . much like our bunnel, in the
Perry-countrey, ROBERTSON Phras. (1693) 1327.]
BUNNEN, see Bunewand.
BUNNERTS, sb. pi. n.Sc. (JAM.) Yks. The cow-
parsnip, Heradeum sphondylium.
\Bunnert for bun-wort, see Bun, sb.1]
BUNNOCK, see Bannock.
BUNNY, sb.1 Chs. Stf. War. Wor. Glo. Ken. Sur. Dev.
Also written bonny Dev. A rabbit ; in comp. (i) -backed,
having high and somewhat round shoulders ; (2) -boy, a
rabbit ; fcj) -mouth, the plant Antirrhinum majus ; (4)
•rabbit, (a) a child's name for a rabbit, (b) see -mouth.
See Bun, sb.2
(i) n.Dev. GROSE (1790) JUS. add. (H.) (2) Glo. (A.B.) (3)
Ken., Sur. (4, a) Chs.1, Stf.2, War. (J.R.W.), Wor. (J.W.P.)
(4) Dev.
BUNNY, sb.2 Chs. e.An. Cor. Also written bunney
Suf. ; bonie Ess. [bu-ni, bB-ni.]
1. A swelling, gen. one arising from a blow.
Chs.13, e.An.r Nrf. RAY (1691) ; (K.) ; COZENS-HARDY Broad
Nrf. (1893) 85 ; Wall, wall, never mind, we'll put a leetle
brown paper and winegar on the bunny (W.R.E.) ; Nrf.1 Suf.
GROSE (1790) ; Used only of a swelling on the head (F.H.).
Ess. (K.)
2. Mining term : a sudden enlargement or bunch of ore
in a lode.
Cor.2 A bunny of ore (s.v. Pipe). [N. & Q. (1877) sth S. viii.
"3-]
[Bony or grete knobbe, gibbus, Prompt. OFr. buyne,
a swelling from a blow (GODEFROY) ; see HATZFELD (s.v.
Bigne).}
BUNNY, sb? Sus. Hmp. I.W. Wil. [bB-ni.]
1. A ' chine,' gully on the sea-coast, wooded glen, ravine.
Hmp. The chink or narrow rift in the cliff-line ... is known in
the New Forest as a bunny, BLACKMORE Cradock Nowell (1873)
Introd. ; The glen, or ' bunny,' as it is locally called, runs right
down into the sea, WISE New Forest (1883) 147 ; Hmp.1 Chewton
Bunny, Beckton Bunney.
2. A culvert, a short covered drain connecting two
ditches.
Sus. In the ' bunny's ' [sic] or culverts some fish up to 3lb. weight
are occasionally secured, Fishing Gazette (Mar. 26, 1887) 197;
(F.A.A. ; Sus.1 Laid under a road or gateway to carry off the
water. Hmp. GROSE (1790' MS. add. (C.); (W.M.E.F.) ; Hmp.1,
I.W.2
8. A brick arch or wooden bridge, covered with earth
across a ' drawn ' or ' carriage ' in a water-meadow, just
wide enough to allow a hay-wagon to pass over. Wil.1
4. A small pool of water. I.W.1
BUNSE, see Bunce, Bunch.
BUNT, sb.1 Lin. Nhp. Bdf. Hnt [bunt, bunt]
1. Sometimes in pi. The smut in wheat caused by
Tilletia caries.
Lin. No number of winnowings would act as a preventive against
bunt, Chron. (Dec. 19, 1896). s.Lin. Theer's a lot o' bunts i' the
wheat-crop ta 'ear (T.H.R.). Nhp. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) ;
Nhp.12 Bdf. BATCHELOR ^4««/. Eng. Lang. (1809). Hnt. (T.P.F.
[The ordinary dressings with which seed-corn is ' pickled.' to prevent
bunt or smut, . . . destroyed the vitality of a considerable portion
of the seed, Standard (Oct. 21, 1889) 2.]
Hence (i) Bunted,///, adj., (2) Bunty, adj. Of wheat:
smutty.
(i)Lin. The bunted wheat, MILLER & SKERTCHLY Fenland (1878)
x ; As a practical farmer he would not sow bunted seed if he knew
it, Chron. (Dec. 19, 1896). n.Lin. His crop of oats was bunted,
that is, although the greater part was long and of a dark green
colour, promising a good yield, there were irregular patches,
here and there, very short and yellow, which would produce little
or nothing (E.P.). Nhp.1 (2) Lin. If he sowed bunty seed he
should expect to reap bunty crop, Chron. (Dec. 19, 1896). Nhp.1
2. A defective ear of wheat.
Lin.1 Half corn and half chaff.
3. The puff-ball, Lycoperdon bovista.
Nhp.1 When ripe they emit a kind of brown farina ; an idea
prevails that the dust of the puff-ball causes blindness.
BUNT, sb.2 and v.1 Obsol. Yks. Lan.
1. sb. A bundle, made by a weaver, of the pieces of
material which he has woven.
w.Yks. I've nobbet hed wun bunt this last three weeks, Peter
Pickingpeg (1838) 5 ; Bunts at ah tuck tut wareas, TOM TREDDLE-
HOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1847) 8.
2. v. Weavers' term : to pack up and carry home pieces
of cloth to the manufacturer ; gen. in phr. to go bunting.
w.Yks. Aw used to goa buntin mysel, Warty Rhymes (1894)
32 ; Aw'm buntin to-morn. Aw've bin a buntin an' drawn the brass
(D.L.); Ah reckon thah bunted yesterday (B.K.). Lan. DA VIES
Races (1856) 273 ; Lan.1
[Cp. Sw. bunt, a bundle ; Da. bundt.}
BUNT, sb? Wor. Sus. Hmp. Wil. [bBnt]
1. A small faggot or bundle of wood.
Sus. (F.A.A.) e.Hmp. Bunts are distinguished from bavins by
being shorter (H.C.M.B.).
2. A handful of straw used to stop up a hole, light
a fire, &c.
s.Wor. A good bunt o' straw (H.K.).
3. A short, thick-set person. Wil.1
4. A short, thick needle.
Wil.1 A tailor's bunt.
BUNT, sb* Cor. Naut. [tent]
1. The middle part of a sail formed into a bag, that the
sail may gather more wind.
Cor. QuiLLER-CoucH Hist. Polperro (1871) 106; Cor.12 Naut.
In furling, the strongest and most experienced stand in the slings
(or middle of the yard) to make up the bunt, DANA Bef. the Mast,
26 (C.D.).
2. The bagging part of a fishing-net.
Cor. The middle of the tuck-seine is formed into a hollow or
bunt, Household Wds. (1855) X. 130 ; The fish become collected in
the hollow bunt of the tuck-seine, ib. 131 ; The volyer . . . has
another sean-net . . . differing from . . . the stop-scan in having a
hollow or bunt in the middle, QuiLLER-CoucH Hist. Polperro
(1871) 106 ; Cor.12
[1. Bunt (sea-term), the bag, pouch, or middle part ot
a sail, which serves to catch and keep the wind, as the
bunt holds much leeward wind, i.e. the bunt hangs too
much to the leeward, PHILLIPS (1706). Perh. the same
word as Bunt, sb.2]
BUNT, s6.s Shr.1 The third swarm of bees from one
hive.
BUNT,s6.6 Sc. Lin. [bunt] The tail of a rabbit or hare.
Sc. A strolling hound Had near hand catch'd me by the bunt,
A. SCOTT Poems (1805) 79 (JAM.). Lin. STREATFEILD Lin. and
Danes (1884) 320. nXin.1, sw.Lin.1
BUNT
[448]
BUNTLING
BUNT, v.2 Chs. Stf. Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf.
Glo Oxf. Brks. e.An. Ken. Sus. Wil. Dor. Dev. [bunt,
bBnt.] To push, butt, strike with the head, horns, or
feet ; to bump ; to raise, lift up. Cf. bunch, v?
s.Chs.1 Quarrelsome boys often bunt one another, mstea
fighting with the fists. Stf.1 ; Stf.2 3 drunkan mon buntid agen ar
SaJi last neit, an nokt ar dain. Lei.1 The poony had use to bunt at
the door wi' it nose. Nhp.1 To kick or strike with the feet : Nhp.2
Bunt me up. War.3 The calf is beginning to bunt. s.Wor. PORSON
Quaint Wds. (1875) ; s.Wor.', se.Wor.1, Shr.1, Hrf.12 Glo. (A.B.
Glo.1 Tobunt.asalamb striking theudder with its nose. Oxf.Achild
bunts when it springs in the arms to raise itself up (K.) ; Oxf.
Bunt n uup aa-rtuur uuy, uol ee? [Bunt'n up arter I, 661 ee ?]
Brks. Gl. (1852). Brks.1, e.An.1 Nrf. (A.G.F.) ; Nrf.1 Take
care, yinder old cow bunts. Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1 De old brandy-
cow bunted her and purty nigh broke her arm. Sus.1 To rock a
cradle with the foot. Wil. Bevis . . . told two of them to ' bunt
Charlie up one of the ash-trees till he could grasp a branch,
JEFFERIES Bevis (1882) x ; Wil.1, Dor.1 Dev. Do not let the cow
bunt you, Reports Provinc. (1889).
Hence (i) Bunt, sb. a blow, push, lift up; also used in a
quasi-adv. sense ; (2) Bunting, ppl. adj. butting.
(i) Lei.1 A coom bunt right up agen me. A wur goom full bunt
agen the poost. Nhp.2 Give me a bunt. Brks.1 'Gie us a bunt up'
is the phr. used by a boy when he wishes another to raise him
from the ground on his attempt to mount a tree. Sus.1 A bunt is
described to me as a push with a knock in it, or a knock with a
push in it. ' I'll give you a middlin' bunt prensley if you doant
keep still.' Wil.1 (2) Dev. They didn't coalvarty es bed Down ta
tha ' Bunting Tups,' ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 109.
[And I have brought a twagger for the nones, A bunting
lamb, PEELE Paris (1584) i. i.J
BUNT, v* Sc. Irel.
1. To hurry, hasten, run away.
Bwk. Auld Hipperty Clinch o' Edrom town, To Kelloe s laird
gaed buntin' down, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 98. N.I.1
2. With prep, for : to attend to, look after.
Lth. Tho' I was born armless, an' aye unco wee, My Maggy was
muckle, an' bunted for me, BALLANTINE Poems (1856] 92.
BUNT, v* Oxf. [bBnt] To plait, twist, or coil the
hair at the back of the head.
Oxf.1 Uur bunts uur aaT uup nuuw [Er bunts 'er ar up now].
Hence Bunt, sb. a plait or twist, coiled at the back of
the head.
Oxf.1 Uuy sh doo muuy aaT in u bunt suon [I sh'll do my ar in
a bunt s06n].
BUNT, v.* and sb.7 n.Cy. (?) Ken. Sus. Hmp. Som. Dev.
Cor. [bunt, bBnt.]
1. v. To sift bran from wheaten flour through a fine
sieve after it has been newly ground. Cf. bolt, v.1
n.Cy. GROSE (1700) MS. add. (P.) Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.12, Hmp.1
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825). n.Dev. GROSE (1790)
MS. add. (H.) Dev.3, Cor.12
Hence (i) Bunter, sb. a machine for cleaning corn; (2)
Bunting, sb. a kind of cloth of which sieves are made ;
(3) Bunting-house, sb. an outhouse where the meal is
sifted ; (4) -hutch, sb. the bin in which the meal is sifted ;
(5) -room, see -house.
(i) Sus.1 (2) s.Cy. The material of which ships' flags are made,
HOLLOWAY. Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825). n.Dev.
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) (3, 4) Ken.1 (5) n.Cy. GROSE (179°)
MS. add. (P.)
2. sb. A bolting-mill, a machine for dressing flour.
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825). w.Som.1 n.Dev
Hunt Hid Ned the michard in a bunt, And fairly squeezed en droo'
ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867 ) st. 104.
3. Bolting-cloth.
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825'.
[1. pe ilke bet bonteb bet mele, bet to-del|> bet flour uram
be bren, Ayenbite (1340) 93. (4) Item in the buntting
house, one bunting hutch, two kneading showles, a meale
tub, Eastry Mem. (1600) 226 (Ken.1).]
BUNTER, s*.1 Lin. Rut. Cmb. Lon. [bu'nta(r)
bB-nta(r).]
1. A man or woman engaged in gathering rags and
bones in the streets. Cf. bunt, sb.2
Lon. Bunters, with bits of candle between their fingers
and baskets on their heads, PARKER Low Life (1764) 9 ; Grea
trafficking among the bunters in Rotten-Row, ... for rags and
>ones ib 30 ; Old women alone gathered the substance, and they
were known by the name of ' bunters,' MAYHEW Land. Labour
1851) II. 142, ed. 1861.
2. A disreputable woman.
n.Lin.1 Bunters attending the archbishop s door, Coll. Epigrams
(i737) H 73- Rut>1 She stood at the gate and called me a bunter-
Cmb.1 As bad as the bunters in Tiger Alley. Lon. A class of
women technically known as ' bunters,' who take lodgings, and
afterstaying some time runaway without payingtheir rent, MAYHEW
Land. Labour (1851) II. 142, ed. 1861.
[1. Bunter, a gatherer of rags in the streets for the
making of paper, BAILEY (1721).]
BUNTER, sb.2 Ken. [bB-nta(r).] A large migratory
e.Ken. Found in winter, otherwise called Greyhead, or Greyback
V.F.S.).
BUNTER, sb* Ken. [bB-nta(r).] A dun cow (P.M.).
[Cp Du. een bonte koe, a pide (pied) cowe (HEXHAM).]
BUNTIN, sb. Nhb. [bu-ntin.] The cone of a fir-tree.
Nhb. Nature Notes, No. 9; Nhb.1 'To pepper buntins' is to
throw buntins in play.
BUNTING, sb.1 Sc. Not. Brks.
1. The wood-lark, Alauda arborea. Brks.1
2. Comp. Bunting-lark, Emberiza miliaria, the common
or corn bunting.
Sc. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 69. s.Not. (J.P.K.)
[1. A bunting, Alaudula, COLES (1679) ; A bunting,
Terraneola, Rubetra, 'auis alaudae similis,' BARET (15801.]
BUNTING, sb.2 Ken.1 [bB'ntin.] The grey shrimp,
Crangon vulgaris.
BUNTING, sb* Nhb. Dur. Also written buntin N.Cy.1 ;
bunton Nhb.1 Dur. [bu-ntin.] A piece of squared timber ;
a beam placed across a shaft to support any fittings.
N.Cy.1 Balks of foreign timber secured on the shores of the Tyne,
afloat at high water. ' Let's go hikey on the buntins.' Nhb.1 In
timbering the shafts of coal mines bunions and sheets are put in
for the purpose of conducting the cages up and down the shafts,
Wkly. Citron. (May 22, 1886). Nhb., Dur. Standing set bunton holes
left upon this crib, Borings (1881) IV. 50 ; GREENWELL Coal Tr.
Gl. (1849).
[It. pd. for one bunting and two sparres to a yeat and
the makeing it, 45. $d., Gateshead Ch. Bks. (1633) (Nhb.1).]
BUNTING, s6.4 Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 [bu-ntin.] The boys'
game of tip-cat.
BUNTING, adj.1 and sb* Sc. Nhp. Written buntin
Sc. Also in form buntling Frf.
1. adj. Short and thick-set, plump.
Frf., Rxb. A buntin' brat (.JAM.). Nhp.1
2. sb. A short, thick-set person. Bnff.1
BUNTING, adj.2 and si.8 e.An. Ken. Also written
buntin Ess. ; and in form bunty e.An.1 Nrf.1 [bB ntin.]
1. adj. Mean, shabby, untidy in dress and appearance.
e.An.1, Nrf.1 Ess. Nought she had on look'd buntin, CLARK
/. Noakes (,1839) 13 ; Gl. (1851) ; Arch. Soc. Trans. (1863) II. 183;
Ess.1
2. sb. A slovenly person. ne.Ken. (H.M.)
[A large pattern embroider'd gown . . . unfashionable
and bunting, Compl. Letter-Writer (1759) 224 (N.E.D.).]
BUNTING-CROW, sb. Irel. The hooded crow, Corvus
cornix.
Ir. So called from its partiality for chickens and eggs, SWAINSON
Birds (1885) 86. [NEWMAN (1866) 40.]
[Cp. Du. bonte-kraai, a Roiston crowe (HEXHAM), bom,
parti-coloured.]
BUNT-LARK, sb. Oxf. Nrf. Hmp. Wil. [bB-nt-lak.]
The corn bunting, Emberiza miliaria.
Oxf. APLIN Birds (1889) 214. Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf.
(1893)51. Hmp. 'Bunt-larks' is rare, but 'mud-larks' is very common
hereabouts (W.M.E.F.). Wil.1 [The general resemblance of this
bunting to the sky-lark in the colour of its plumage has giver
origin to another provincial name by which it is known, that of the
bunting-lark, YARRELL Hist. Brit. Birds (ed. 1845) I. 481.]
BUNTLING, sb. Sc.
1. The blackbird, Turdus merula.
Gall. (JAM.) Kcb. And gars the buntlins throstle by thy power,
DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 8.
BUNTON
[449]
BURDEN
2. Comp. Buntling-lark, Emberisa miliaria, corn bunting.
See Bunting-lark.
Sc. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 69. Abd. (JAM.)
BUNTON, see Bunting, sb?
BUNTY, adj. and sb. Sc. Irel. Wil. Amer.
1. adj. Short and stout, squat. Cf. bunting, adj.1
s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890). Wil.1 [Phil., U.S.A. N. & Q. (1870)
4th S. vi. 249.]
2. sb. A cock or hen without a tail.
Sc. Clipped arse, quoth Bunty [spoken when a man upbraids
us for what he himself is guilty of], KEI.LY Prov. (1721) 78 (JAM.) ;
GROSE (1790) AfS. add. (C.)
BUNTY, see Bunting, adj.2
BUNWAND, see Bunewand.
BUNWEED, see Bundweed.
BUNYELL, sb. Ant. A flannel head-dress worn by
women. Freq. in pi. (W.J.K.) ; (S. A.B.)
BUOCK.56. Or.I. A pimple. (jAm.Suppl.); (K.M.E.)
BUOM, see Boom.
BUOMFIT, see Bumfitt.
BUP, v. Yks. Lan. [bup.] To drink. Used in
addressing children. Cf. bub, sb.2
w.Yks. Bup, den, dere's a ducky. Bup it all up (H.L.) ; Bup,
doy (S.O.A.). e.Lan.1, in. Lan.1
Hence Buppy, sb. a drink.
Yks. Will Joe 'ave a buppy of Sissy's nice milk? (F.P.T.)
w.Yks. He likes his buppy, t'old cock (H.L.).
BUP-HORSE, sb. Som. Also in form buppo w.Som.1
A child's term for a horse.
w.Som.1 Leok, dhae-ur-z u puurdee buup-au's [look, there is
a pretty bup-horse]. The old nursery rhyme is here varied to
' Ruyd u buup-au's tu Baanvburee Krau's" [Ride a cock-horse].
Kairm, Jiinvee, dhur-z u geod bwuuy, un ee shl ruyd dhu bmtp'ua
[come, Jimmy, there's a good boy, and you shall ride the horse].
BUR, conj., adv. and prep. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. [bar.]
Dial. pron. of but (q.v.) ; gen. used when the next word
begins with a vowel.
w.Yks. Bur o'd ne'er heed that, BYWATER Sheffield Dial. (1839)2.
Lan. Which nob'dy could mesterbur hissel, HARLAND & WILKIN-
SON Flk-Lore (1867) 53 ; He can move nowt bur his yead an' his
meauth, KAY-SHUTTLEWORTH Scarsdale (1860) II. 33 ; If yo'd bur
let him come, HARLAND Lyrics (1866) 76. e.Lan.1 Chs.1 Yo
munna do that. — Ah ! bur oi shall. nw.Der.1
BUR, see Birr.
BURBENK, v. S. & Ork.1 To fortify a frail building
with a bank of turf or stones. Cf. bur(r, v.a 7.
BURBLE, v. and sb.1 Sc. e.An. [ba-rbl, ba'bl.]
1. v. To bubble or boil up like water from a spring ; to
purl.
w.Sc. (JAM. Suppl^ Ayr. (J.F.)
2. sb. A ' bell ' or bubble on water ; a purl, purling. w.Sc.
(JAM. Suppl.)
3. pi. Small tingling pimples, such as are caused by the
stinging of nettles or small insects. e.An.1, Nrf.1
[1. I Trayle up or burbyll up as a water dothe in a spring,
Je bouillonne, PALSGR. (1530). 2. Burble in the water,
bubette (PALSGR.).]
BURBLE, sb.2 pi. Sc. Perplexity, trouble.
Ayr. He made him do as he pleased, and always made burbles,
by which the deponent understood trouble, CASE Moffat ^1812) 45
(JAM.). Gall. In web o' my life monie burbles hae been, HARPER
Bards (ed. 1889) 163.
Hence (i) Burbled, ppl. adj. confused, perplexed; (2)
Burble-headed, adj. stupid, confused.
(i) Sc. A nervous system all bedevilled, and his external life
fallen into a horribly burbled state about him, Mrs. Carlyle Lett.
(1843) I. 244, ed. 1883. (2) Dmf. (JAM.)
BURBLEK, sb. Wm. [ba-rblak.] Petasites vulgaris,
bog rhubarb.
Wm. Ther'sa lot o* burblak leaves wants gedderin' up (B.K.).
BURBOT, sb. Stf. Also in form birdbolt Stf.1 ; bur-
bolt. A freshwater fish, somewhat like an eel but with
a flat head, Lota vulgaris.
Stf. (K.) ; We may allow it to be a Mustela fluviatilis, though
in Stf. , by some, it is call'd a burbot or bird-bolt ; perhaps from
VOL. I.
that sort of arrow rounded at head, PLOT Stf. (1686) 241 ; Stf.1
[SATCHELL (1879).]
[Borbotha be fisshes very slepery, somewhat lyke an
ele hauinge wyde mouthes & great hedes, it is a swete
mete, ANDREWE Fishes (c. 1500) in Meals &•» Manners, ed.
Furnivall, 115. ^ Fr. bourbotte, ' poisson qu'on appelle aussi
barbate' (LITTRE) ; bourbete, in Joinville (ROQUEFORT).]
BURCOT(T, sb. Som. A load.
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Etig. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873).
BURD, sb.1 Sc. A young lady, a maiden.
Sc. When in my arms burd Helen dropt, SCOTT Minstrelsy
(1802) Fair Helen ; The king he had but ae daughter, Burd Isbel
was her name, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads (1806^ II. 137. Lth. Burd
Ailie satdoun by the wimplin'burn, SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 28.
[I lufe no mo Bot hir— the well of womanheid, . . .
That bird of bliss, A. SCOTT Poems (c. 1560), ed. Cranstoun,
34; But Mary byrde, thowe neyd not soo, York Plays
(c. 1400) 439.]
BURD, sb.2 Sc.
1. Offspring ; always used in a bad sense.
Lnk. Witch burd, the supposed brood of a witch (JAM.).
2. A young seal not weaned. S. & Ork.1
[Dan. byrd (offspring), the same word as E. birth.}
BURD, sb? Som. Dev. [bad.] Bread.
Som. Let's have our bit o' burd and cheese, RAYMOND Sam and
Sabina (1894) 122. w.Som.1 Always by real peasants. Aew-z
buurd u-ziil-een? n.Dev. GROSE (1790).
BURD ALONE, phr. Obs. Sc. Also written -alane
(JAM.). Entirely alone, all alone.
Sc. And Newton Gordon, burd-alone, SCOTT Minstrelsy (1802)
Gallant Grahams ; One who is the only child left in the family ;
unequalled (JAM.). Lnk. She's dead o'er true, she's dead and
gane, Left us and Willie burd alane, RAMSAY Poems (ed. 1733)
Lucky Wood.
[Lord, sen my gratious gyde is gone, And I am left as
byrd allone, Kingis Complaint (c. 1570) 52, in Sal. Poems,
ed. Cranstoun, I. 119.]
BURDEN, sb. and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
Also in form burthen w.Yks.1 e.An.1 Nrf.1
1. sb. A truss or bundle of straw, sticks, &c. See
Burn, sb.2
ne.Yks.1, w.Yks. (C.C.R.) Glo. In common use (H S.H.) ;
Glo.2 Suf. Burdens of straw, the cattle's welcome bed, BLOOM-
FIELD Farmer's Boy (1805) 83, ed. 1808.
2. Comp. (i) Burden-band, a hempen hay-band; (2)
-carrier, a wood-carrier.
(i) N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 More commonly called a plet-band. n. Yks.12
e. Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788). m.Yks.1 (2) Sc. CHEVIOT
Prov. (1896) 3.
3. A quantity, amount ; a crop.
Sur.1 There ain't a great burden of grass this year. nw. Dev.1
A capital burden in thucker viel.
Hence Burthensome, adj. Of land: productive, yielding
good crops.
w.Yks. It always had a name for being good burthensome land
(C.C.R.) ; w.Yks.1
4. The rubble or dead ground which overlies a stratum
of tin ore. In china clay works : the top ground, from
the surface to the bed of clay which lies below. Cor.2
6. v. To bear down ; to oppress, esp. in the way of im-
posing too much work for given pay.
n.Yks. He's sare bodden doon wiv a lot o' bairns (T.S.) ; n.Yks.1
T'highway maaster bodden'd t'men over sair wi' t'flints.
Hence Burdenous, adj. burdened.
Fif. The burdenous and bustling multitude, TENNANT Ansfer
(1812) 126, ed. 1871.
6. To charge with or impute closely and pressingly.
n-Yks.1 Ah bodden'd her heavily wi' 't [pregnancy] ; but she
steead me out she warn't e.An.1 I burthened him with it as
strong as I could, but he would not confess. Nrf.1
7. To forebode, foretell.
s.Wor. Common. Folks burdened as a'd be suer to be a tempus
(H.K.); s.Wor.1 I burdens tempest afore night.
8. To yield, bear.
w.Yks. The ten-acre close burthened nought last year (C.C.R.).
BURDEN, see Burdoun.
3M
BURDIEHOUSE
[450]
BURL
BURDIEHOUSE, sb. Obs.? Sc. In phr. gae or gang to
Burdiehouse, an exclamation used by old people when
they are displeased with any one's conduct or language.
Sc. (JAM.) ; Used perhaps in Edb., near which is a village named
Burdiehouse (J.F.).
[Burdiehouse repr. Burdeous, the old pron. of Bourdeaux.
See Acts Mary (1551), ed. 1814, 483 (JAM.).]
BURDIT, pp. Sc. Of stones : split into laminae.
(JAM.)
BURDOUN, sb. Sc. Also written burden. The
drone of a bagpipe.
Sc. And teen [tune] to the praise o' Scotch pipers Her chanter,
reeds, burdens and drone, Old Ballads fiSas) Pipers o' Buchan;
Young Tubal had tun'd up his burden, Was liltin' at ' Clout the
Caldron,' it. Per. (G.W.)
[Fr. bourdon, a drone or dorre-bee, also, the humming
or buzzing of bees, also, the drone of a bag-pipe (CoTGR.).]
BURE, sb. Sc. Cum. A woman of loose character,
not necessarily a prostitute ; a country woman.
Sc. (E.W.P.) Com. A bure, her neame was Meg, A winsome
weel-far'd body, STAGG Misc. Poems (ed. 1807) 144 ; FERGUSON
Northmen (1856) Gl.
BURE, v. Sc. Pret. of to bear.
Sc. And Uskie-bae ne'er bure the bell Sae bald as Allan bure
himsel, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads (1806) II. 339. Ayr. Where
glorious Wallace Aft bure the gree, as story tells, Frae Southron
billies, BURNS To W. Simpson (1785) St. 10 ; Ane o'the swankies
bure Mally awa, SERVICE Notandums (1890) in. Slk. I trowed
that even-down truth bure some respect, HOGG Tales (1838) 24,
ed. 1866.
BUREGH, v. Abd. To crowd together. See
Bourach, 6.
Abd. [Some] bureght roun' the carlie, An" wonnert at the
carlie, THOM Rhymes (1845) 153.
BURERK, sb. Lon. Slang, [ba'rak.] The mistress
of a house, lady.
Lon. They are most successful when the ' swell ' is not at home ;
if they can meet with the ' Burerk ' or the young ladies, MAYHEW
Land. Labour (1851) I. 344. Slang. Let him ask the loafer . . .
which sex gives him most, the ' burerks ' or the ' toffs,' Answers
(July 30, 1889) 121 (FARMER).
BURG, sb. Sc. In comp. (i) Burg-hall, town hall;
(2) -town, burgh or borough town. See Brugh.
Rnf. (i) That nicht within our auld burg-hall, YOUNG Pictures
(1865) 14. (2) Sune auld burg-toun met their view, ib. 15.
BURGAGE, sb. Pern, [ba'gedz.] A small field, at a
short distance from the house or farmyard, usually less
than half an acre in area.
s.Pem. LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 419 ; Put the pony in the
burgage to-night, as we met knaw where to find 'n in the mornin'
(W.M.M.).
[Fr. bourgage, an estate, or tenure in burgage, held
either of the king or of other lords of the borrough, and
subject to no other than the customary rents and services
thereof (CoTOR.).]
SURGE, sb. Irel. Som. Dev. Also written burdge
Dev. [bad?.] A bridge.
Wxf.1 Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.i Dev. Long by
the burdge be the keeper's cottage, PHILLPOTTS Dartmoor (1895)
39. e.Dev. Th' fine wold stwonin' burge, PULMAN Sketches (1842)
54, ed. 1853. s.Dev. I saw him going over the burge (F.W.C.).
BURGESS.z;. Obs. Fif. When the marches of a town
were ' rode,' to take those who had been made burgesses
during the year, and strike their buttocks against a stone.
(JAM.) See Bejan, v.
BURGH, sb. Sus. Also written burg, [bag.] A
hillock, rising ground ; a term applied to the barrows or
tumuli on the Downs. Cf. barrow, sb.3
Sus. Over dat yonder hill — by de burg, LOWER Stray Leaves
(1862) 92 ; Two fellurs wur holdin toight wud de grasp ov deth
two burghs dat de devil hed maad sim haussesses, JACKSON
Southward Ho (1894) I. 389 ; Sus.12
BURGHER, sb. Sc. Nhb. A member of that section of
the Scottish Secession Church which upheld the lawful-
ness of the burgess oath.
Sc. A worthy old Seceder used to ride to Bucklyvie every
Sabbath to attend the Burgher kirk, RAMSAY .ff««i«.(i86i) II. 126.
Nhb.1 Obs. There are in Newcastle six congregations of Presby-
terians, . . . and one of each of the classes of the secession from
that church, stiled Burghers and Anti-Burghers, Impartial Hist.
Newc. (1801).
BURG OF ICE, phr. Sc. A whaler's term for a field
of ice floating in the sea. (JAM.)
[Cp. Norw. dial, isberg, iceberg (AASEN).]
BURGONET, sb. Sc. A form of Biggonet, q.v.
Sc. 'Tis not beneath the burgonet, nor yet beneath the crown,
CHAMBERS Sngs. (1829) I. 51.
BURGOO, sb. Obs. Nhp. Hrt. A kind of oatmeal
porridge.
Nhp.1 As thick as burgoo. Hrt. Whole greets [grits] boiled in
water, . . . formerly called loblolly, now burgoo, ELLIS Cy. Hswf
(1750) 206.
BURGY, sb. Lan. Chs. [ba-dgi.]
1. Unriddled coal, containing all the small coal and dust.
e.Lan.1 s.Lan. In common use (S.W. ). Chs.1, s.Chs.1
2. An inferior, cheap beer or ale sold at 2d. a pint.
Lan. Bobby can tell as weel as a Christian whether he's let o'
th' rale stuffor nobbut burgy, BRIERLEY Traddlepin Fold, xii. s.Lan.
Becoming less common (S.W.).
BURIAL, sb. Sc. Nhb. Hrf. Also Dev. [ba'rial.]
1. A funeral, interment. Cf. burying.
Sc. He walked at the burial, Scotic. (1787) 13; (A.W.) Inv. He
was at the burial (H.E.F.). Hrf.2 Dev. Be you going to the poor
maid's burial, ma'am ? O'NEILL Dimpses (1893) 55.
2. Comp. (i) Burial-boding, death-warning ; (2) -house,
the house where a person lies dead.
(i) Slk. Bow-wowing as ye war a burial-boding, HOGG Tales
(1838) 333, ed. 1866. (a) Nhb. Something awful had happened at
the burial house, RICHARDSON Borderer's Table-bk. (1846) VIII. 73.
BURIAN, sb. Sc. A mound, tumulus; a kind of
fortification. Cf. borran, burrent.
s.Sc. There are a great number of cairns or burians, Statist.
Ace. Dm/. IV. 522 (JAM.). [See Proceed. Soc. Antiq. Scot. (1895-
96) 82.]
BURIED, see Bur(r, sb.e
BURIN, see Burying.
BURK, v. Nhp. [bak.] To warm by fondling, 'nuzzle';
to try to lull a child to sleep.
Nhp.1 Burk the child off to sleep. A brood-hen burks her
chickens under her wing.
[This is a spec, use of lit. E. burke (vb.), to murder by
suffocation (as the notorious criminal Burke did, who was
executed in 1829) ; also, to smother, ' hush up.']
BURL, v. and sb. Irel. Yks. Der. Won Shr. Glo. Wil.
Som. Dev. Also in form burr w.Yks. ; berl- Der.2
nw.Der.1; see below, [bal.]
1. v. To pick out from cloth all knots, loose threads, or
other irregularities; to mend or darn small holes in
pieces slightly damaged in weaving.
w.Yks. (D.L.); (J.T.) ; w.Yks.2; w.Yks.3 It [cloth] was next
trailed over furze bushes, . . . then burled in the house by the
family. Wor. SKINNER (1671). Shr.1, Glo.1, Wil.1 w.Som.1
Buurdl, buur-dlee. Always done by women, who draw the cloth
carefully over a sloping bench in a good light ' I do burdly down
to factory hon I be able vor to stan' to it.'
Hence (i) Burler, sb. the woman who picks knots and
other irregularities from cloth ; (2) Burling, vbl. sb. the
process of removing knots, &c., from cloth ; (3) Burling-
iron, sb. (a) a strong pair of tweezers, having very fine
and strong points used in ' burling ' ; (b) the ' rubbing-
stone ' or instrument used in giving the cloth a gloss.
(i) w.Yks. (J-M.); (F.M.L.); w.Yks.3, Glo.1 w.Som.1 Buurdlur.
Dev. Obs. BOWRING Lang. (1866) I. 15. (a) w.Yks. (W.T.) ;
Buildings in which weaving, winding, warping, burling, &c., were
done, BINNS Vill. to Town (1882) 55. Wil. SLOW Gl. (1892).
Dev. Obs. BOWRING Lang. (1866) I. pt. v. (3, a) w.Yks. (W.T.)
Shr.1 w.Som.1 Buur'dleen-uyur. (6) Uls., Dev. Uls. Jrn. Arch.
(1857) V. 98.
2. To cut away the dirty wool from the roots of sheep's
tails before shearing time. See Britch.
w.Yks.2, Shr.12 [MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).]
Hence (i) Burlings, vbl. sb. dirty wool cut from the
hind parts of a sheep ; (2) Burling-wool, sb. inferior wool
sold at a low price, chiefly to saddlers for stuffing. Cf.
daglocks.
(i) Der.2, nw-Der.1, Shr.12 (2) Shr.2
BURL
[45i]
BURN
3. To rub off the grown-out shoots of potatoes in spring.
Wil.1
4. sb. A knot or other irregularity in cloth.
w.Yks. (F.M.L.~i ; Picking off the cloth the swats or 'burrs'
entangled in the fibre of the wool (W.T.) ; (D.L.)
5. Cotnp. (i) Bur-cart, see quot. ; (2) Burr-takers-out,
the workers who clear away me burrs in the wool thrown
out by the swift, on to the top of the carding machine.
Ill Yks. The jigging sound of the ' bur-carts ' on their way to
and from the woollen manufactories, BRIERLEY Cast upon World
(1886) 28. (2) w.Yks. (S.A.B.)
[1. Desquamare vestes, to burle clothe, COOPER (1565) ;
To burle clothe, extuberare, Cath. Angl. (1483). 4. Burle
of clothe, tumentutn, Prompt.}
BURL, see Birle.
BURLEY, adj. Cum. [ba'rli.] Forward, uncivil or
surly. Cf. burly.
Cum. Isn't he a hurley beggar? (J.A.)
Hence Burley, sb, a forward young man. (E.W.P.)
BURLING, sb. Lin. [bi'lin.] A yearling ox or heifer.
Lin. MORTON Cycle. Agric. (1863) ; Lin.1 That burling will be fit
for slaughter fore-end of the year. s.Lin. Bed the burlings down,
and tek 'em their drink (T.H.R.).
[A kowe & a burlyng, Etton Will (1503) (N.E.D.). Bur,
an ox + -ling. Welsh cattle 'are thick-hided, especially
the burs, i.e. the oxen,' LISLE Obs. Husb. (1757) 267.]
BURLY, sb. Sc. A crowd, tumult.
Gall. Common (A.W.).
[This is the second element in lit. E. hurly-burly.}
BURLY, adj. Sc. n.Cy. Yks. Lan. Also Dor. Dev.
[ba-rli, ba'li.]
1. Thick, clumsy, rough. See Boorly.
Sc. (JAM.), N.Cy.1, w.Yks.1 Lan. He [Earl of Derby] looking
upon the executioner, said, Thy coat is too burly that thou canst
not hit right, the Lord help thee and forgive thee, Civil Wat
Tracts (1651) Cfiet. Soc. (1844) 322 ; GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
Hence (i) Burly-faced, adj. rough or pimply faced ; (2)
•headit, adj. having a rough appearance ; (3) -twine,
strong coarse twine, somewhat thicker than pack-thread.
(i) Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Dev.3 n.Dev. Ees,
there is burly-faced Jan, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 65. (a)
Rxb. A burly-headit fallow (JAM.). (3) Rnf. (».)
2. Ugly. Dor. (C.W.B.)
[1. Tantelus . . . was a tulke hoge, borly of brede, Dest.
Troy (c. 1400) 3769.]
BURLY-MAN, see Birlie-man.
BURM, see Barm.
BURN, sb.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb.. Dur. Cum. Yks. Stf. Also
written born Nhb.1 [barn, ban.]
1. A stream, rivulet, brook. Cf. bourn.
Sc. I would hae ye dookit in the burn for your impudence, SCOTT
ffUMUwiTiSiB) xxv. Sh.I. I aff an dembled dee In burn, wal,
an daffik, BURGESS Rasmie (1892) 26. Abd. The whir o' the
witherin' wind Drives madly o'er burn an' brae, THOM Rhymes
(1844) 107. Kcd. A reamin' burn cam" rum'lin doon, GRANT Lays
(1884) 2. Frf. Washing themselves in the burn, BARRIE Minister
(1891) iv. Per. The lowly hames beside the burn, NICOLL Poems
(1837) 71, ed. 1843. Rnf. Yon burn O'erhung wi' rocks sae dreary,
BARR Poems ( 1861)27. Ayr.Wetwahae paidl't i' the burn, BURNS
Auld Lang Syne. Lnk. Glens and wimplin' burns, THOMSON
Musings (1881) 15. Lth. Noo she's soakit i' the burn, SMITH Merry
Bridal (1866) 23. Gall. A bonny bit burn that flows through a
smooth meadow, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) xviii. N.I.1, N.Cy.1
Nhb.1 A burn is smaller than a river, but larger than a syke. ' No
burn really gets so far south as the Tees itself,' A rch. Aeliana, IX.
181. e.Dur.1 Cum.Orwanderin'by theburn, GILPIN Ballads(i6"j4}
203. Lakel. ELLWOOD (1895). n.Yks.1 Very little used in this
district ; n.Yks.2, m.Yks.1 w.Yks. Only occurs in the name of the
river Burn, LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) ; Our rivulets are
sykes, burns, or becks, AT. O* Q. (1870) 4th S. vi. 366; WILLAN
List. Wds. (1811).
2. Comp. (i) Burn-bank, the bank on the margin of a
' burn ' ; (2) -becker, (a) the water-ouzel, Cinclus aquaticus;
(b) the water-wagtail, Motacilla lugubris; (3) -brae, the
slope at the foot of which a ' burn ' runs ; (4) -grain, a small
rill running into a larger stream ; (5) -side, the side of
a brook or stream ; (6 1 -trout, see below.
(i) Nhb.1 The name of one of the filthiest alleys in Newcastle.
(2, a) Sc. This bird is a frequenter of burns ; it keeps its body in
continual motion, beck-becking : hence the name burn-becker,
Gall. End. (JAM. Suppl.} (b) ib. (3) Sc. While our flocks are
reposing on yon burn-brae, TARRAS Poems (1804) 119 (JAM.).
Bwk. There's nae courtin' gaen on now amang the burn-braes,
HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 83. (4) Lnk. GAM.) (5) Sc. I can
neither whistle nor sing for thinking of the bonny burnsides and
green shaws, SCOTT Antiquary (1816) xxxvii. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 (6)
Sc. The river trout vulgarly called Burn trout, yellow trout,
ARBUTHNOT Hist. Peterhead, 22 (JAM.).
3. Water, esp. that used in brewing ; the brew itself.
Sc. Caller burn beyond compare, FERGUSSON Poems (1^9*) II. 41
(JAM."). Or.I. They are carrying burn, meaning water for brewing
(S.A.S.). Abd. She'd gang, fell blyth, and heat her burn, And
brew o' ma't a dainty curn, COCK Simple Strains (1810) I. 134.
nw.Abd. The wort's jist queelin there; The hinmost burn's nae
latten aff, Goodwife (1867) St. 5. w.Sc. 'Visk,' which in the
language of the natives signifies water, they call ' burn,' MARTIN
wJslands (1816) 17 (JAM.). Lth. Pate wi' solemn face . . . brings
in the reeking burn and bowl, MACNEILL Poet. Wks. (1801) 171,
ed. 1856. n.Yks. Fetch a skeel of burn, MERITON Praise Ale (1684)
1. 76.
4. Comp. Burn-chink, dregs of beer. Stf.1
5. Urine.
n.Sc. Or stap the very haly sang To mak his burn, PICKEN Poems
(1788) 118 (JAM.).
[1. At that burn eschapit the king, BARBOUR Bruce
J375) v»- 78. 3. Mekill burne and lytill malt, LYNDESAY
tatyre (c. 1565) 4140.]
BURN, sb? Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Shr. Glo. Som.
Dev. Cor. Also written birin Dev.3 [ban.]
1. A burden, load, bundle, esp. a load of sticks, straw, &c.
Cf. birn, sb?
w.Yks. That's a heavy burn he has ov his back (D.L.). Lan.
Thae never had as bonny a burn o' stuff upo' thi back, sin thae
begun o' wearin' a tail! WAUGH Sneck-bant (1868) iii ; Lan.1,
e.Lan.1 Chs. A good back burn, Sheaf (1879) I. 237; Chs.13
s.Chs.1 Ah waan-tid u Wo'thri stik-s tu roo-zl up dhu fahyur, fin 60
kiim baak- widh fi 6o-ul buurn, fiz much fiz evfir fir kfid gau-m
[Ah wanted a toothery sticks to roozle up the fire, an' hoo come
back with a hooal burn, as much as ever her could gawm], Stf.2
Oil dzust put 3 barn a stiks iS uvn. Der.2, nw.Der.1 Shr.1 I got
a g66d burn o' laisin afore my breakfast, an' fat a burn o' sticks
throm the coppy. Glo. (H.T.E.); Glo.1 Som. The men would
come wi' a burn of hay (W.F.R.). w.Som.1 Aay waz-vur aaks oa
ee, plai-z, wur yue keod spae-ur faa'dhur u buurn u stroa' [I was
sent to ask you, please, whether you could spare father a burden
of straw]. Dev. Reports Provinc. (1887) 4. Cor.12
2. Comp. Burn-rope, a small rope used for tying up
a burden or load of straw, furze, &c.
w.Som.1 At one end is fastened a pointed piece of wood having
a deep rounded notch by means of which the rope is drawn tight
and instantly made fast. Dev. Reports Provinc. (1887) 4. Cor.
THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) Gl.
3. A pottery term : a quantity of ware sufficient for
a person to carry.
Stf.1 ; Stf.2 There's another burn ready.
4. Twenty-one hake.
Dev. Reports Provinc. (1887) 4 ; Dev.3 Hake are always sold by
the birin. That is, in heaps of 21 — or baskets containing 21 hake.
Cor.12
[Here Isaack . . . taketh a burne of sticks and beareth
after his father, Chester Plays (c. 1406) iv. 236 (stage
direction). A pron. of OE. byrfien, a burden.]
BURN, sb? Cor.12 A rick of hay.
BURN, v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Written
barn Dev.13 ; bon Nhb.1 e.Yks.1 n.Lin.1 See also Bren(n.
1. In comp. (i) Burn-gully, a term of derision applied to
an inefficient workman ; (2) -iron, an iron instrument
used for branding sheep, &c. ; (3) -mark, (a) iron letters
used for marking stock of all kinds ; (b) the mark or brand
so made ; (c) to mark stock, &c., with a brand-iron ;
(4) -wood, wood for fuel.
(i) Nhb.1 Formerly country blacksmiths were the principal
makers of edge-tools, such as axes, gullies [large knives], &c., and
many of them attained to great proficiency in the art of tempering
steel. Others, again, not proficient in their attempts at the business,
burnt the temper out of the steel, and consequently spoiled their
3 M 2
BURN
[452]
BURNING
work, and were called in derision ' burn gullies.' (2) Abd. (JAM.)
e.Lth. They're a' brunt wi' the same burn-airn, HUNTER J. Inwick
(1895 i 37. (3, «) War.2 Common. (6) War.2, Shr.1 (c) Shr. Burn-
mark that spade handle, NORTHALL Gl. (4) S. & Ork.1 Zetl. The
inhabitants make use of the wrack for burn-wood, BRAND Zetland
(1701) 93 (JAM.).
2. In phr. (i) to burn the beck, to take no fish ; (2) — the
biscuit, a boy's game ; see below; (3) — charcoal, to be with-
out a Sunday suit ; (4) — daylight, to light candles before
they are wanted, Jig. to waste time ; (5) — the fingers, to
be unsuccessful in some undertaking or speculation, to be
overreached ; (6) — the grass, to mow with a blunt
scythe ; (7) — the picture, a form of objurgation or ridicule ;
(8) — a pig, to singe the hair off a pig's carcass; (9)
•shin-da-eve, a term for a woman who is fond of crouch-
ing over the fire; (10) —tobacco, to smoke; (n) —the
water, to kill salmon at night with a lister; (12) — the old
witch, see below ; (13) to be burnt with the same, or one iron,
to be all of the same kind, none better than another.
(i) Cum. (E.W.P.) (a) N.Cy.1 Nhb. A boy is chosen, called
the biscuit. He stands with his eyes closed and back towards the
other players. One of these touches the biscuit on the back and
he has to guess who touched him. If he guesses right the biscuit
sends him to some post where he has to stand ; if wrong, the biscuit
has to go to the post himself, and another takes his place. When all
the players have been sent to a post, the biscuit shouts ' Burn
the biscuit,' and all the players run towards him ; the last one to
reach him gets basted and is ' biscuit ' for the next game (R.O.H.) ;
Nhb.1 (3) w.Yks. When a fellow had no clothes to go out in on
Sunday ' he was burning charcoil' (C.V.C.). (4) w.Yks.1, nXin.1,
Nhp.1, War.2, se.Wor.1, e-An.1 (5) Cum.1, w.Yks.1 Nhp.1 If he
don't mind he'll burn his fingers. War.2, Wor. (J.W.P.), Hnt.
(T.P.F.) (6) n.Lln.1 (7) Cum. Wey, burn t'picter o' thee, Jim,
fer a girt clot-heid, SARGISSON Joe Scoap (1881) 68. (8) Oxf.1 MS.
add. Wll.1 (9) N.I.1 (10) ne.Sc. I wud gang in without the
excuse o' requirin' to burn tobacco, GRANT Keckleton, 39. (n)
s.Sc. The fishers follow the practice of their forefathers ; . . .
killing them with listers ; . . . this they call burning the water,
because they are obliged to carry a lighted torch in the boat,
Statist. Ace. XIV. 591 (JAM.). (13) e.Yks.1 On the last day of
harvest a fire of stubble is made in the field, in which peas are
parched and eaten with a plentiful allowance of ale ; the lads and
lasses dancing and romping round the fire, and deriving great fun
from the blackening of each other's faces with the burnt peas.
Lan. HARLAND & WILKINSON Flk-Lore (1867) 154. (13) n.Yks.
Ol burnt wi t'siam iran (W.H.).
3. Pottery term : to bake or ' fire ' earthenware. Chiefly
used in prp. Stf.2
4. To scald.
Dev.3 'Er'bh a-turned awver tha taykittle an' burned 'er vute
wi' tha bowling waiter. Dev., Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 544.
Cor. I upscud [upset] some boiling water and burnt my arm
(M.A.C.).
5. Of crops: to heat, spoil; to become smutted or
blighted.
Hrt. A very dry hot season came on the young turnips, that
plainly discovered the crop would burn or spoil, ELLIS Mod. Hush.
(1750) II. ii ; Cole-seed heated (or what we call burnt) in the
mow, ib. IV. iv. [The way to prevent smutting or burning of any
corn is to lime it, RAY (1691).]
Hence Burnt-wheat, sb. smut.
Suf. YOUNG Ann. Agric. (1784-1815").
6. To show a light to warn smugglers not to attempt
a landing.
Dor. I only went to-night to burn the folks off, because we found
that the excisemen knew, HARDY Wess. Tales (1888) II. 141.
7. Fig. Used in imp. or in pass, as an imprecation.
Nhb.1 Go bon. Di bon. s.Wm. We ha sick a plague with them,
burn them ! HUTTON Dial. Storth and Arnside (1760) 1. 32.
n,Yks.2 Burn-lit-on't ! e.Yks. All can't deah this, bon it ! It caps
cock-fightin' (J.N.) ; Whah, bon it! he's that soft he inun be abohn
feeal, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 32 ; e.Yks.1 Bonlet o' ya, ya
raggils, Ah'll gT yat' if ya deeant mak less noise. m.Yks.1 Burn-
lit-on't ! w.Yks.5 Burn 'em ! say I. Ord burn thuh ! n.Lin.1
Bo'n it. Bo'n thoo. e.An.2 Burn your eyes. Suf. (F.H.) Dev.
No, I'm burned ef I'll dii't ! HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) ; An zich
a zight, aw, I'll be burned! Bevaur wiz niver zeen, HOGG Poet. Lett.
(1866) 34 ; Dev.1 Barn your lay, siss a, 'tis the ruin of the nation,
4 ; Dev.3 Barn yer neck vur ee.
Hence Bon, int. an exclamation.
n.Yks. Bon ! its a strange gre'at ple'ace, BROWN Yk. Minster
Screen (1834) 1. 33 ; Bon, Ah was seea crazed, TWEDDELL Clevel.
Rhymes (1875) 48.
8. To deceive, cheat in a bargain ; to suffer in any
attempt.
Sc. Our people were so ill burnt, that they had no stomach for
any further meddling, BAILLIE Lett. (1775) II. 396 ; One says that
he has been brunt when he has been overreached (JAM.). Per.
Very common. He bought it and was burned (G.W.). Ayr. He
was burned by that bargain (J.F.).
9. To derange a game by improper interference.
Cld. In curling ' to burn a stane' is to render the move useless,
by the interference of one who has no right to play (JAM.). Per.
Very common. In curling : ' That stone's burnt. I saw you
burn it wi' yer besom ' (G.W.).
10. To approach near, used by children in the game of
hide-and-seek, &c.
w.Yks.24, eXan.1 Nhp.1 When a person, hunting for anything
which is concealed, is near the object of his search without finding
it, he is said to burn. War.8 Quite common. Ken. (P.M.)
BURN-BAKE, v. and sb. Nrf. Wil. Dor. Som. Also
written burn-beak Wil.1 ; -biake Dor.1 [ba'n-bek, -bik.]
1. v. To reclaim new land by paring and burning the
surface before cultivation. Wil.1 Dor.1 See Burn-beat.
Hence Burn-baking, vbl. sb. the process of preparing
the land by turf-paring.
Nrf. He would seem to prefer even fallowing to burn-baking,
MARSHALL Review (1811) III. 316. WU. Paring and burning land,
or, as it is called, ' burn-beaking,' DAVIS Gen. View Agric. (1811) xii.
[LiSLE Husbandry (1757).]
2. sb. Land reclaimed by the process of burn-beating.
Wil.1
3. A smouldering heap of weeds. Som. (W.W.S.)
BURN-BATE, see Burn-beat.
BURN-BEAK, -BLAKE, see Burn-bake.
BURN-BEAT, v. Stf. Hmp. Dor. Dev. Also written
burn-bate Hmp.1 [ba'n-blt, -bet, -Mat] To pare off
and burn the surface of soil and dress it with the ashes.
See Beat, v.3 Cf. burn-bake.
Stf. Upon these ashes, esp. in windy weather, . . . 'tis a common
thing to cast parings of the earth near by, upon the most flaming
parts, then turf or stubble again, then earth, and so stratum super
stratum, and this they call burn-beating, and in some places
denshiring their land, PLOT Stf. (1686) 334 ; (K.) Hmp.1 Dor.
BARNES Gl. (1863) ; Dor.1
Hence Burning-beat, vbl. sb. sod-burning.
w.Dev. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796).
BURNDOCKIE, sb. Cor. [bi'ndoki.] A liquor made
of hot cider, sugar, and eggs.
Cor. First bring me the burndockie, For I love that liquor well,
THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) 30.
BURNER, sb. Lin. [b5'na(r).] A man who burns
bricks or lime.
n.Lin.1 To brickyard hands: Wanted, two steady men as
burners, Lin. Cfiron. (Dec. 4, 1874).
BURNEWIN, see Burn-the-wind.
BURNEY-BEE, see Barnabee.
BURN-FIRE, sb. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Not. Cor. Also
written bun-fire w.Yks.2 Chs.1 Not. ; bum- Cor.1 A bonfire.
See Bonefire.
Nhb.1 (s.v. Byen-fire). Until about 1878 the burn-fire was
annually lighted at Winlaton on the 2gth of May. w.Yks. Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 16, 1892) ; w.Yks.23 m.Yks.1 About Halifax,
buon'faayr; and about Huddersfield buon-faoyr. In m.Yks., and
gen. n., buon'faa'T and baon-faa'T. Lan. You have had burnfires
and bells and shooting and drinking, BYROM Remin. (1736) in Chet.
Sac. XL. 35. Chs.1, s.Chs.1, s.Not. (J.P.K.), Cor.1
BURNIE, sb. Sc. A small brook. See Burn, sb.1
In comp. Burnie-baker, the water-ouzel, Cinclus aquaticus.
Kcb. (W.G.)
BURNING, ppl. adj. Sc. Der. Gmg. Nrf. Cor. Also
written barning Cor.
1. Phosphorescent.
Cor. The sea is barning, THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) Gl. ',
(M.A.C.) ; Cor»
2. Comp. (i) Burning-drakes, certain atmospheric phe-
BURNIN' BEAUTY
[453]
BUR(R
nomena; (2) -tide, (3) -water, the phosphorescence of
the sea.
(i) Der. MARSHALL Review (1814) IV. 116. [Their apparent
fall to the earth was thought to point out the situation of ... veins
of ore, Flk-Lore Jrn. (1885) III. 9.] (a) Gmg. The ' burning tide,'
as they called it, had been heard of far inland, and pronounced to
be the result of the devil improperly flipping his tail while bathing,
BLACKMORE Maid Sker (1872) I. xii. Nrf. GREGG Leaflets (1888)
XLIV. 118. (3) Nai. (W.G.)
BURNIN' BEAUTY, phr. Sc. QAM.) A person of
great beauty.
Rxb. She's nae burnin" beauty mair than me.
BURNING OF THE HILL, phr. Obs. Som. A
punishment inflicted by miners in the Mendips, on any
one found guilty of stealing ore, &c.
Som. He is shut up in a hutt, and then dry fearn furzes and
such other combustible matter is put round it and fire set to it ;
when it is on fire the criminal who has his hands and feet at liberty
may with them (if he can) break down his hutt and be gone, but
must never come to work, or have to doe any more on the hill ;
this they call burning of the hill (K.) ; Laws of Miners of Mendip
(1687) in N. & Q. (1850) ist S. ii. 498.
BURNISH, v. Der. Sus. Dev. To grow fat, lusty,
strong, used both of persons and animals. See Barnish.
Der.1 e.Sus. HOLLOWAY. Sus.1 ' You burnish nicely ' is meant as
a compliment. n.Dev. GROSE (1790) ; Monthly Mag. [1808) II. 544.
[Femme qui encharge. That grows big on't, who
burnishes, or whose belly increases, COTGR.]
BURNT, pp. Irel. Yks. Lin. Nhp. Bdf. Hnt. In comb.
(i) Burnt-ear, ustilago in corn ; (2) -mouthed, speaking
with hesitation, as ifthe mouth were blistered; (3) -sand,
hard lumps of sand of a dark colour ; (4) — to, of milk or
porridge : burnt in boiling and hence acquiring an un-
pleasant taste ; (5) -weed, the hart's-tongue fern, Scolo-
pendrium vulgare; (6) — wine, a preparation of port wine,
sweetened and spiced.
(i) [LISLE Husbandry (1757) 151.] (a) n.Yks. Ah'z nut bont-
moothed (T.S.) ; n.Yks.2 Deean't be burnt-mouth'd about it. (3)
n.Lin. l (4) Nhp.1 At an annual feast of furmety her ladyship inquired
of the children how they liked it ; a blunt little fellow answered,
'Not at all, it is burnt to so bad'; Nhp.2 Bdf. BATCHELOR^4«a/. Eng.
Lang. (1809) 137. Hnt.(T.P.F-) (5)Wmh. (6) n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2
At the funerals of the rich, ' burnt wine from a silver flagon ' was
handed ... to the company before the body was removed, Pref. 9.
BURN-THE-WIND, sb. phr. Sc.Cum. Written burne-
win Sc. ; burnywind Cum.1 A blacksmith.
Sc. Thou hast had a quarrel with some Edinburgh Burn-the- wind ,
SCOTT F. M. Perth (1838) ii ; GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Per.
Our Burn-the-wind was stout and strang, ... At hammerin' airn he
was gude, NICOLL Poems (1837) 98, ed. 1843. Ayr. Then Burne-
win comes on like death At ev'ry chaup, BURNS Sc. Drink (1786)
st. 10. Cum.1
BUR(R, sb.1 and v.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. sb. The prickly seed-vessel or fruit of various plants.
In comp. (i) Burr-crowfoot, field crowfoot, Ranunculus
arvensis ; (2) -docken, burdock, Arctium lappa ; (3) -head,
see -weed ; (4) -thistle, spear thistle, Carduus lanceolatus ;
(5) -weed, goose-grass, Galium aparine.
(i) w.Yks. LEES Flora (1888) iaa. (a)Sc. The burr-docken thy
coffin was, TRAIN Poet. Reveries (1806) 95. n-Yks.1 (3) Nhp.1
(4) Ayr. The rough bur-thistle, spreading wide Amang the bearded
bear, BURNS Answer to Verses (1787) st. a. n.Cy. GROSE (1790^
Suppl. Cum.1, n.Yks.12 e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788).
nw.Der.1 (5) Nhp.1 Bck. Science Gossip (1891) 119. Hrt. ELLIS
Mod. Hush. (1750) IV. ii.
2. The blossom of the hop.
Ken. (P.M.); Ken.1 Sur.1 The hops likes still weather when
they're in burr. Ken., Sus. HOLLOWAY. I.W. (C.J.V.)
3. A wart-like excrescence on trees.
Shr.1 Nrf. FORBY Gl.
4. Comp. Bur-knot, an excrescence growing on elm and
oak trees.
Nrf. Arch. ^879) VIII. 168.
5. The butt end cut off a tree of fancy wood, valuable
because of the curled grain which comes out when it is
polished. Lan. (S.W.)
6. A pollard. Used atlrib. in comp. Bur-oak.
Hrf. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. 1,1863) ; Hrf.12
7. The ball or knob of a stag's horn at its juncture with
the skull.
w.Som.1 The horn is always shed immediately below the bur.
[JEFFERIES Red Deer (1884) iv.]
8. The sea-urchin.
ne.Abd. Also called Canniburr (W.M.).
9. Fig. A strong, thick-set person of stubborn temper.
Bnff.1
10. v. Of hops : to come into blossom.
Ken. Dem hops woan' be long afore dey burr (P.M.).
[1. They are but burs, thrown upon thee in holiday
foolery, SHAKS. As You, i. iii. 13. 7. Perles, the little
spotted curlings wherewith the bur of a deers head is
powdered (COTGR.). 8. Sw. borre, sea-urchin. 9. Sw.
dial, borre, an obstinate person (RiETz).]
BUR(R, s6.2 and v? Yks. Nhp. Wor. Wil. Dor. [bar,
ba(r).]
1. sb. A rabbit-burrow ; a hole in the ground made by
burrowing. See Bury, sb.1
w.Yks. Yks. JV. & Q. (1888) II. 16; Back ah went ta me bur
agean, as sharp az a rabbit at crack ov a gun, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE
Bairnsla Ann. (1856) 42; w.Yks.3, Wil.1 Dor. Gl. (1851).
2. Any place of shelter, as the leeward side of a hedge,
&c. Also used atlrib. See Burrow, sb.1
Nhp.2 The burr side of the hedge. Wil. Come into the bur,
BRITTON Beauties (1825) ; Wil.1
3. v. To burrow.
w.Yks. Yks. N. (f Q. (1888) II. 16; w.Yks.2 A rabbit burs when
he makes a hole in the ground.
4. To take shelter ; to afford shelter.
w.Yks. As sooin as ivver we started lakin, we hed ta burr up
(M.F.) ; Wi'l bar in ia(r) wol trean z oua (J.W.). s.Wor. It sims
burring anant theas 'edges, but a-top o' Red-'ill it bla-awd
despirately (H.K.).
[The same word as lit. E. burrow, just as fur (q.v.) is
a variant of lit. E. furrow.]
BUR(R, sb.3 and v.3 Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Nhp. Written ber w.Yks. ; birr, byrr Dur. (K.)
[bar, bir, ba(r).]
1. sb. The stone or other obstacle put behind a wheel to
stop its progress. Also fig.
N.Cy.1, Dur. (K.), Cum. (J.P.), Cum.1, n.Yks.12, m.Yks.1
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Sept. 19, 1891) ; Put a burr ontul her
nagglin' tongue, BINNS Yksman. Xmas. No. (1888) 33 ; w.Yks.1,
Nhp.i
2. An impediment, annoyance ; a hinderer.
Cum.1, n.Yks.2
8. An obstruction of solid rock found in cutting a ' gate '
or level shaft in soft strata ; rough stone from the quarry.
Wm.1, Chs.1
4. The chock placed behind a crowbar and used as a
fulcrum.
Nhb.1 Raised by levers and burs on rollers up an inclined plane,
HODGSON Hist. Nhb. pt. ii. III. 376.
5. v. To block or stop the wheel of a cart, wagon, &c.,
by placing a stone or other obstacle behind it.
Dur. GIBSON Up-WeardaleGl. (1870); (K.) Wm. (B.K.) n-Yks.1,
e.Yks.1, m-Yks.1 w.Yks. Burr that back wheel and give the horse
a rest (M.N.) ; Ber that wheel I — Ah am burrin it, Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (Sept. 19, 1891) ; w.Yks.23, Nhp.1
6. To hinder, impede.
Cum.1 He bur't me. w.Yks. Yks. N. & Q. (1888) II. 16.
7. To prop up, to fix open.
m.Yks.1 w.Yks. N. & Q. (1888) II. 16 ; w.Yks.3 To bur a gate.
8. Comp. Bur-wall, a wall inclined against a bank; a
supporting wall. w.Yks.13, e.Lan.1
BUR(R, sb* Stf. Lin. Shr. Hrf. Ken. I.W. Wil. Dor.
Som. [ba(r).]
1. A hard siliceous stone, used esp. for millstones.
Stf. Geol. Surv. Vert. Sect. 43. Wil. Old French burrs be the
best stone [for millstones], JEFFERIES Gt. Estate (1861) 164.
2. A millstone, the centre of a millstone. n.Lin.1. I.W.
(C.J.V.)
3. A whetstone, of sandstone formation, for a scythe.
Shr.1 ; Shr.2 ' A Brister burr ' is one from Bristol, gen. flat on
either side. Shr., Hrf. BOUND Prov. (1876). Dor. BARNES Gl.
(1863). Som. (W.F.R.)
BUR(R
[454]
BURROE
4. Rubble-stone for the construction ol walls, &c. ; a soft
limestone found in the Purbeck quarries.
w.Cy. Bur is still a west-country name for rubble-stone, JACK-
SON Wadham Coll. (1893)39. Dor- WOODWARD Geol. Eng. and
Wai. (1876) 205.
5. A coagulated mass of bricks which by some accident
have refused to become separated. Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1
BUR(R, sb.6 Yks. Chs. and in gen. dial, use in midl.
and s. counties. The sweetbread or pancreas of any
animal, esp. of a calf or lamb.
w.Yks.1, Chs.123, Stf.12 Der.1 Obs. ; Der.2, nw.Der.1, Nhp.12,
War. (J.R.W.), War.2, s.Wor. (H.K.), s-Wor.1, Shr.12, Hrf.12,
Glo.12 Mid. Rumps and Burs sold here, and baked sheep's-heads
will be continued every night, if the Lord permit, Life J. Lacking-
ton (ed. 1830) 175, in N. & Q. (1868) 4th S. i. 175. Ess. GROSE
1,1790) MS. add. Hmp.1 Wil. BRITTON Beauties (1825); Wil.1
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
[Pancreas, the sweet-bread, bur, COLES (1679).]
BUR(R, sb.° Cum. Yks. Der. Lin. Nhp. e.An. Ken.
Sus. Hmp. [bar, ba(r).] A halo or faint luminous disk
round the moon, gen. betokening rain. See Brough, sb.1
Cum. If t'bur o' t'muin be far away Mek heaste an" hoose yer
cworn an' hay, Prov. (E.W.P.) ; Cum.1 Lake!. ELLWOOD (1895).
n.Yks.2, Der.1, n-Lin.1, Nhp.1, e.An.1 Nrf. Near burr, far rain ;
far burr, near rain, Prov. .'(W.R.E.) ; Nrf.1, Snf. (F.H.) Ken.
(P.M.) ; Ken.1 The larger the burr the nearer the rain. Sus.,
Hmp. HOLLOWAY.
Hence Burred (buried), adj. Of the moon : surrounded
by a halo.
Nhp. And ' buried [sic] moons ' foretel great storms at night,
CLARE Village Min. (1821) II. 37.
[Burrow, a circle about the moon foresheweth wet,
cloudy, rough or uncertain weather, COMENIUS (1647) 64.]
BUR(R, sb.7 Nhp.1 War.3 se.Wor.1 Oxf. (J.E.) Cor.3
[ba(r).] The nut of a screw or bolt ; a piece of iron or
wood to protect the screw or bolt. See Purr.
BUR(R, sb.B Sc. [bar.] The tongue of a shoe ; the
edge of the upper leather. S. & Ok/, Bnff.1
BURR, sb. and v. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum.
1. sb. The pronunciation of the letter r.
n.Cy. I consider [the burr] a modern accidental growth very
conspicuous . . . though quite inessential to the dialect. . . .
[North of the Cheviots] a strong burr has been heard at Kielder
and Falstone, ELLIS Pronunc. (1889) V. 641,644; The northern
limits of the burr are very sharply defined, there being no transi-
tional sound between it and the Sc. r. . . . Along the line of the
Cheviots, the Sc. r has driven the burr a few miles back, perhaps
because many of the farmers and shepherds are of Scottish origin,
MURRAY Dial. (1873) 86-7 ; N.Cy.1 Nhb. Say wor burr becomes us
weel, OLIVER Sngs. (1824) 7 ; The tradition is that the Nhb. burr
began as a personal defect of the celebrated Hotspur, was imitatedby
his companions, and by the Earldom as a whole, Anglia (1880) III.
376 ; Nhb.1 The line within which the burr is spoken may be said
to coincide with Nhb., but it passes «. of the Tweed at Berwick,
and over into the county of Dur. on its «. centre. At Sunderland
and South Shields an absence of the strong r marks off a dial,
difference. Com. Heard on the Nhb. border (M.P.).
2. Comp. Burr-castle, a contemptuous name for New-
castle. N.Cy.1
3. v. To make a whirring sound in the throat in pro-
nouncing the letter r. Hence Burran, vbl. sb. the act of
sounding the letter r. Bnff.1
BURR, see Birr, Burl.
BURRA, sb. Sh. & Or.I. [ba-ra.]
1. The common kind of rush or coarse grass, Juncus
squarrosus.
Sh. & Or.I. Burra is a valuable food for sheep in Sh. in winter,
Agric. Suru. Sh. 65 (JAM.). Sh.I. (W.A.G.) ; (Coll. L.L.B.) ;
S. & Ork.1
2. Comp. Burra-soil, dry, peaty soil. S. & Ork.1
BURRALS, sb. pi. Obs. Wm. Som. A contraction
of Burrow-walls, applied to the town walls at Appleby
and Bath. (K.)
BURRAN, sb. n.Rxb. A badger.
n.Rxb. Nature (Aug. n, 1887) 339 (in Nhb.1); The Yetholm
gypsies call the badger' Burran,' LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882)
Introd. 24.
BURRANET, sb. Cor. The sheldrake, Tadorna cor-
nuta. Cf. burrow-duck.
Cor. CAREW Survey (i6oa) 35; Cor.12
[Bur(r, sb? + anet, ME. MM*, a duck, cp. MLat. anela
(DUCANGE).]
BURR AS, sb. w.Yks.24 [ba'ras.] Borax.
[Boras, CHAUCER C. T. A. 630. Fr. borras, borax
(COTGR.).]
BURREL, sb. Ayr. (JAM.) -[Not known to our corre-
spondents.] A hollow piece of wood used in twisting
ropes. Also called Cock-a-bendy (q.v.). Cf. boral.
BURREL, adj. Sc. See quot.
Abd. The inferior land . . . was called one fur ley, if the whole
surface was ploughed, or burrel ley, where there was only a narrow
ridge ploughed, and a large stripe of barren land between every
ridge, Agric. Surv. Abd. (1811) 335 (JAM.) ; Burrel rigs in various
places not under the plough within living recollection, ALEXANDER
Notes and Sketches (1877) 47.
BURREN-MYRTLE, sb. Glw. The red bearberry,
Arctostaphyllos Uva-ursi, so called from its abundance on
the Burren mountains.
BURRENT, sb. Cum. Yks. Also written burran
w.Yks. [ba'rant.] A fox's earth. See Borran.
Cum. Though Borrowdale and Wyburn heids He iwery burrent
kent, RICHARDSON Talk (1871) 40, ed. 1876. w.Yks. Barean,
Barend, and Borron, a well-known word in n.Cy., a rocky slope or
hill, where foxes and badgers burrow. It ranges at least as far s.
as Kettlewell, where it appears as Borrance, the stony screes
below the limestone girdles or cliffs. It is also called Burran,
Nature (Aug. n, 1887) 339 (in Nhb.1).
BURRJAN, sb. Sc. Irel. The red-throated diver,
Colymbus septentrionalis.
Ayr. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 214. NJ.1
BURRIE, v. and sb. Sc. [ba'ri.]
L v. To push in a rough manner; to crowd round in
a somewhat confused, violent manner.
Bnff.1 A' the loons cam roon him, an' burriet 'im [or at *im]. A'
the bairns cam burriein' aboot the door.
Hence (i) Burrie, adv. rudely, roughly; (2) Burriean,
vbl. sb. the act of crowding or pushing in a rough manner.
Bnff.1 He came burrie against the bairn, an' knockit it our.
2. To overpower in working, or in striving at work.
n.Sc. GAM.)
3. sb. The act of crowding ; a rough push.
Bnff.1 Ane o' the loons ran past him, ga' 'im a burrie, an' gogglt
'im fin he wiz vreetin'.
4. A game among children.
Bnff.1 Abd. A boy's game played in the open street, within
marked bounds, gen. the space occupied by so many houses on
either side. Within this boundary a boy stands in the middle of
the street, while his playmates stand on one or both of the pave-
ments, endeavouring to cross the street without being caught or
touched. If one of them is caught he has to take his place in the
middle of the street until he catches another (A.W.).
BURRING, prp. Sur. I.W. [ba'rin.] Making a
droning noise ; purring.
Sur. The child's burrin' like a puckeridge [night-jar], BARING-
GOULD Broom-Squire (1896) 272. sw.Sur. (T.T.C.) I.W. The
clink, clink, of the blacksmith's hammer made cheery melody to
the burring accompaniment of bellows and flame, GRAY Annesley
(1889) III. 33.
BURRIT, sb. w.Yks.2 [ba'rit.] The rounded head
of a rivet. See Bur(r, sb.7
BURRIT, adj. S. & Ork.1 Applied to sheep : black
with white round the tail.
BURROCH, sb. and v. Sc. [ba'rax.]
1. sb. An enclosure ; a band to keep a cow still while
being milked.
Ayr. In the byre she's aye cannie, nor e'er needs a burroch,
Ballads (1846) I. 101.
2. v. To fasten a cow's legs to prevent her kicking.
Per. (G.W.) Cf. barroughed.
BURROE, sb. Irel.
1. A kind of seaweed ; the tangle, Laminaria digitata.
N.I.1
2. Fig. A tall, shapeless person.
NJ.1 When I was sixteen I grew up as tall as a big burroe.
BURROUGH
[455]
BURT
BURROUGH, see Barrow.
BURROW, sb.\ adj. and v> Nhp. War. Wor. Shr.
Hrf. GIo. Oxf. Bck. Wil. Written burru w. Wor.1 se. Won1
s.Wor.1 [ba-ra, ba'ro.]
1. sb. Shelter from the sun or wind ; the leeward side
of a hedge, &c. See Bur(r, sb?
Nhp.1 You've got a cold place there, mistress ; why don't you
get under the burrow ? War.23, ne.Wor. (J.W.P.) w.Wor.1 The
wind is pretty teart to-daay, but if yu kips in the burru t'ull do yu
good to go out. se.Wor.1, s.Wor.1, Hrf.1 Glo. Sit down for thy
' nunchin ' in the burrow of the hedge, BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn
(1890) xii; Glo.12 Wil.1 Why doesn't thee coom and zet doon
here in the burrow ?
2. Comp. Burrow-hurdle, a hurdle with straw drawn
through it to protect the ewes and young lambs from the
wind.
War.3, se-Wor.1, Hrf.1, Oxf. (J.W.), Oxf.1, Glo.1
3. adj. Sheltered, secure from the wind, shady.
Nhp.1 The plants were nicely sheltered from the frost under the
burrow wall. War.2 It is very burrow here in the winter. s.War.1,
Shr.1 Glo. A very burrow place for cattle, N. &> Q. (1853) ist S.
vii. 205. Oxf. Let us move over the other side, it is more burrow
there (A.N.) ; Oxf.1, n.Bck. (A.C.)
4. v. To shelter, protect from the wind.
War. That house is nicely burrowed amongst the trees (L.M.).
Wor. We'll be well burrered from the wind here (R.M.E.).
[A burrow (covert), latibulum; burrowed, tutus, injuriae
ventorum non pattens, COLES (1679).]
BURROW, sb.2 Som. Dev. Cor. [ba'ra.] A mound
of earth, heap; a sepulchral barrow or tumulus. Cf.
barrow, sb.3
w.Som.1 Mole heaps are waunt buur-uz. Dev. Kerton, among
what he called ' burroughs and buildings,' found some human bones,
BRAY Desc. Tamar and Tavy (1836) I. 394. w.Dev. MARSHALL
Rur. Econ. ( 1 796). Cor. The turf is collected into separate burrows
or heaps, QUILLER-COUCH Hist. Polperro (1871) 118; Beyond the
burrows or heaps of dead, PEARCE Esther Pentreath (1891 bk. i. i;
Cor.123
BURROW, v* Shr. To bore, penetrate.
Shr.1 Them ship han burrowed thar backs i' the dyche bonk i'
the sandy leasow till the roots o' the trees bin bar'.
[The same as lit. E. burrow (vb.), to make a burrow (as
rabbits).]
BURROW, see Barrow.
BURROW-DUCK, sb. Irel. Cum. Glo. e.An. Wil. Som.
Written burrough N.I.1; borrow Cum. The common
sheldrake, Tadorna cornuta. Cf. burranet.
N.I.1 Cum. HUTCHINSON Hist. Cum. (1794) I. 455. Glo.1,
e.An.1 Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. (1893) 50. WU. Known
as the ' Burrow Duck' from its habit of selecting for its nest a cavity
in a rock, or a deserted burrow of a rabbit, SMITH Birds (1887)
475. Som. (W.F.R.) [SWAINSON Birds (1885) 154 ; The shel-
drake breeds in burrows made by rabbits and foxes in sand-dunes
(hence the name Burrow Duck by which it is sometimes called),
CHAMBERS Cycl. (1895) s. v. Sheldrake.]
BURROW(S-TOWN, see Borough.
BURRU, see Burrow.
BURRY, see Bury.
BURSAR, sb. Sc. A scholar or exhibitioner at a
Scottish University.
Sc. This name [was] given to poor students, probably because
they were pensioners on the common purse, Univ. Glasg. Statist.
Ace. xxi (JAM.) ; (A.W.)
Hence Bursary, sb. a scholarship or exhibition.
Sc. He's gotten a bursary worth thirty pound a year for twa
year, SWAN Gates of Eden (1895) v! (A.W.) Frf. Give him a
chance of carrying a bursary, BARRIE Tommy (1896) 223. Gall.
Two students competed for Bursaries at the examination held on
Oct. 3, Report of Free Ch. Synod of Gall.'s Bursary Fund (1873).
BURSEN, see Burst.
BURST, v. and sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Written borst Nhb.1
I. Gram, forms. [For further examples, see H. below.]
1. Pret. Tense : (i) Bursted, (2) Burstit, (3) Bussed, (4)
Bust, (5) Busted. See Host, Brist, Brust.
(il n.Lin. I o'must bursted mysen, PEACOCK Tales and Rhymes
(1886) 79. Hrf.1 It bursted open the door. (2) Sc. MURRAY Dial.
(1873) 303. (3) nw.Der.1 (4) Yks. Fifteen years sin' I took
t'pledge, and never bust out but once, BARING-GOULD Pennyqks.
(1870) 52, ed. 1890. nw.Der.1, Brks.1 (4) Lan. Wi wer blowin
th' bledther full o' wind an it busted (S.W.). (5) Nhp.1 The wind
busted the door open. se.Wor.1 Tho bwiler o' the stem injin
busted this marnin'. Hrf.1, Brks.1, Hmp. (H.C.M.B.)
2. Pp. : (i) Bawsen, (2) Borsend, (3) Bursen, (4) Bursted,
(5) Bursten, (6) Bussen, (7) Bust, (8) Busted, (9) Busten,
(10) Bysted.
(i) Lan. Four little childer kry'dn oz iv the'r harts wud'n
baws'n, WALKER Plebeian Pol. (1796) n, ed. 1801. Chs.1 Aw've
etten so mony poncakes, aw'm welly bawson. (2) Stf.2 (3) Sc.
MURRAY Dial. (1873) 203. (4) Lei.1, Glo.1 (5) Sc. Many were
bursten in the flight and died without stroke, BAILLIE Lett. II. 93
(1775), Note in SCOTT Leg. Mont. (ed. 1830) xv; (JAM.) (e)Not.1;
Not.2 He has bussen his braces. s.Not. Obsol. (j.P.K.) se.Wor.1
(7) Lan. The boiler's bust at Taylor's Mill (S.W.). s.Not. My
mester's bust hissen (J.P.K. 'l. n.Lin.1 (8) Glo.1 (9) e.An.1
(10) Sus. He's hed be so bunched he ha bysted, JACKSON South-
ward Ho (1894) I. 389.
II. Var. dial, meanings.
1. v. To overfeed, fill to excess.
Dmf. A' that I noo dare say for shame, Is that he didna burst
them [swine], QUINN Heather (ed. 1863) 251.
Hence (i) Bawsen-, (2) Bussen-, (3) Busten-bellied,
adj. of animals : ruptured ; (4) Bussen-, (5) Busten-billy,
adj. ruptured ; (6) Bust-pig, sb. a ' broke ' pig.
(i) Chs.1, Der.2, nw.Der.1 (2) War. (J.R.W.), se.Wor.1, Glo.1
Nrf.1, Suf.1 (3) Glo. (S.S.B.) (4, 5' e-An.1 (6) Ken. (P.M.)
2. To be breathless and overheated from great exertion ;
to be too much for one's strength.
Fif. It was an awfu day o' heat, an' I bursted mysel' and didna
get owre't for mony a day, ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 169. Lnk.
See me burstin' mysel' here to death, BLACK Falls of Clyde (1806)
133. Stf.2 Dh" aud os puld ard, bar ar war borsand, ar kudnar
shift dh' kart a fut.
Hence (i) Bursen, (2) Bursten, pp. breathless, panting
from over-exertion, overpowered with fatigue ; (3) Bursted
or Bursen churn, phr. harvesting accompanied with such
labour that the sun sets before all the grain is cut.
(i) Sc. QAM.) S. & Ork.1 (2) Fif. Wearied, half-bursten with
their hot turmoil, TENNANT Anster (1812) xxx. (3) Sc. (JAM.
Supply N.I.1
3. To break up into small pieces, to pulverize.
n-Yks.1 Gan thou an" bost thae clots i' t'far intak'. 'T'war a
shamm te bost it all i' bits.
4. sb. An outburst of drinking.
Rnf. I wadna just say that she's drucken, But it's either a burst
or a starve, BARR Poems (1861) no.
5. An outburst, vehement attack. Cf. birst, 1.
Nhb.1 To ' bide the borst ' is to stand the oncome.
6. Over-exertion or fatigue. Cf. birst, 2.
Sc. He got a burst (JAM.). Fif. It's a nasty thing a burst,
ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 169.
BURSTER, sb. Sur. A drain under a road to carry
off water.
Sur. N. & Q. (1874) sth S. i. 361 ; Snr.1
BURSTIN, sb. Sh. & Or.I.
1. Corn dried over the fire instead of in a kiln.
Sh.I. (Coll. L.L.B.) ; Or.I. (S.A.S.) ; S. & prk.1
2. Comp. Burstin-bruni, a round thick cake made of
burstin. S. & Ork.1
3. A dish made of corn, roasted by rolling hot stones
among it till it be brown, then half ground and mixed
with sour milk. Or.I. (JAM.)
BURSTLE, sb. and v. Som. [ba'sl.]
1. sb. A bristle.
w.Som.1 I wants a wax-end — mind you puts a good burstle in un.
2. v. To bristle.
w.Som.1 Didn th' old dog burstle up his busk then. Our Jim's
a quiet fuller let'n alone ; but he'll zoon burstly up nif anybody
d'affurnt'n.
[Burstyll, seta. Prompt. (Pynson's ed. 1499). Cp. Du.
borstel, hoggs bristle (HEXHAM).]
BURT, v. Som. [bat.] To dent, bruise, make an
impression. See Brit, v.1
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 Neef dhee as-n u-droa-d
daewn dhu taung-z un u-biirt ee'n dhu tai'paut [if thou hast not
thrown down the tongs and dinted in the teapot].
BURTACK
[456]
BUSH
BURTACK, sb. Sh.I. Fire.
Sh.I. Not common (K.I.)- s- * Ork-1
[Lit. a little brightness. ON. birti, light, brightness +
-ack, dim. suff., see JAKOBSEN Norsk in Shetland (1897)
94, 104.]
BURTHEN, see Burden.
BURTON, s*.1 Glo. A blend of two kinds of beer
drunk at Bristol.
Glo. When the Burton came we found that it was a very poor
drink — a sort of small beer, If. &• Q. (1870) 4th S. v. 276; Largely
drunk by the poorer classes : it consists of three parts ale and one
part beer. The ale is the commonest brewed, and is known as
•OneX.'(S.S.B.)
BURTON, sb* Irel. A chap-book.
Wxf. Various chap-books or Burtons, KENNEDY Banks Boro
(1867) 392.
BURTON-CHINE, sb. Nhb.1 A chain made of very
good iron, used in lowering and hoisting the masts of keels
and wherries.
BUR-TREE, see Bour-tree.
BURVIL, sb. Obs. Pern. Bed.
s.Pem. Now then, brats, be off to burvil, 'tis gwayin laat
(W.M.M.).
BURY, s*.1 and v. Chs. Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Shr.
Hrf. Glo. Oxf. Brks. Hrt. Bdf. Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp. Wil.
Som. Dev. Written berry w.Som.1 ; burry Wil.1 [ba'ri.]
1. sb. A rabbit-hole. Cf. burrow, v.2, bur(r, sb*
s.Wor. PORSON Quaint Wds. (1875) 12. Shr.1, Hrf.2, Glo.1,
Brks. (M.J.B.), Ken. (P.M.), Ken.1, Snr.1, Sns.1 Hmp. Rats . . .
makes their burries in the hill, VERNEY L. Lisle (1870) x. Wil.
Bevis wanted to see the glade and the rabbits' burries, JEFFERIES
Bevis (1882) xxix; Wil.1 w.Som.1 Called also u buur-ee u oa-lz
[a berry of holes]. It is applied equally to the ' earths ' or holes of
foxes or badgers ; never applied to a single hole. Dhu buuree wuz
dhaat baeg, dhu fuuruts keod-n git urn aewt [the berry was so
big the ferrets could not get them (the rabbits) out]. A single
hole might be called a burrow, though rarely, but never a buuree.
Dev. (W.L.-P.)
2. A hole in the ground, in which potatoes, &c., are
stored for winter use. Hence a heap of roots or potatoes
covered with earth to protect them from frost.
s.Chs.1 Obs. Lei.1, Nhp.1, War.28, se.Wor.1, s-Wor.1, Shr.1,
Hrf.2 Glo. You must get some more potatoes to-morrow out of
the bury (A.B.) ; Glo.1 Oxf.1 MS. add.
3. A heap of manure or compost.
War. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). Hrf. (W.W.S.)
4. v. To cover or to be covered over with earth.
Hrt. Be sure to plow as shallow as possible that you do not
bury, as we call it, the sheep's dung, ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750; I. i.
Bdf. Wheat that is ploughed into the soil is liable to bury, in con-
sequence of which a shallow furrow is preferred, BATCHELOR Agric.
(1813 373-
BURY, sb* Bdf. The chief homestead, residence of
the chief lord of the soil ; used only in place-names
(J.W.B.). Cf. barton, 3.
BURYANS, see Bruyans.
BURY-HOLE, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Not. Lin. War. A
child's name for the grave.
w.Yks.2 Lan. He ... felt at he could ha' fun in his hart t'a
chuck her into a berry-hole, BRIERLEY Traddlepin Fold, v ; Lan.1
Eawr little Ben's i'th bury-hole, isn't he, mam ? WAUGH Sneck-
Bant (1868) iii. Chs.18, s.Chs.1 s.Not. They put 'er in a bury-'ole,
an' we never seed 'er again (J.P.K.). nXin.1, War.3
BURYING, vbl. sb. Gen. dial, use in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also Amer. Written berrin w.Yks.124 Lan.1 e.Lan.1
Chs.13 Der.2 nw.Der.1 Nhp.1 War.2 Shr.1 Oxf.1 Hmp.1
Cor.12; berryin Cum.1 Wm.1 w.Yks.2; burin w.Som.1
Dev.8 [ba-rin.]
1. A funeral, burial.
Sc. The evening of their father's burying, SWAN Gates of Eden
(1895) x. e.Lth. A man . . . wha by a' appearance wad offeeciate
at our buryins, HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) 245. Ir. The expenses
of her ' buryin ' would certainly be defrayed by the House, BARLOW
Idylls (1892) 163. w.Ir. Saint Kairn gev him an illigant wake and
a beautiful berrin', LOVER Leg. (1848) I. 16. s.Ir. At his brother's
berrin, CROKERZ.^. (1863157. Cum.1 Wm.Welaughatawedding,
and we cryataberring,HuTTON.Bra«./V«i> Wark (1785)!. n ; Wm.1
n.Yks.2 To be ' decently brought out,' or in other words to have ' a
menseful burying,' Pref. 9. e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Tha'll coom to t'berrin ?
Yus, says ah, Ah sail be varry dlad, PRESTON Poems (1864) 9 ; Ta
dream of a wedding is t'sign of a berrin', Prov. in Brighouse News
(July 20, 1889) ; w.Yks.1284 ; w.Yks.5 It is the custom to serve
those who are bid in the ' house." Wine is handed round, and a
large sponge-cake given to each in a sealed packet, having printed
on the outside an appropriate verse or two, even if those most
concerned are unable to read them. Chairs are carried into the
middle of the street and the corpse brought out, sung over, and
then carried by the bearers (still singing) at a slow march to the
top of the street where the hearse is waiting. Lan. Yo'r laitht to
th' buryin to-morrow at one o'clock, BRIERLEY Waverlow (1884) 6;
Lan.1, e.Lan.1, m.Lan.1 Chs.1 There is a superstition that coffin-
makers, shroud-makers, and grave-diggers can always tell when
they are going to have a ' berryin ' ; Chs.8, Fit. (T.K.J.), Der.12,
nw.Der.1, n.Lin.1, Nhp.1 War.2 A berrin, a berrin, A good fat
herrin, Children' s game-rhyme at a mock funeral \ War.8, Shr.1 Hrf.
Wen anney boddy died, we young "uns liked to zee the berryin
(Coll. L.L.B.). Oxf.1, Hmp.1 Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng.
(1825). w.Som.1 Dhai bee gwain t-oa'l dhu buureen u Zad'urdee.
Dev.8 Cor. Aw looked so solemn, soas, as ef aw wor to a berren,
TREGELLAS Tales (1860) 38; Cor.12 [U.S.A. Dial. Notes (1895)
I- 385.]
Hence Berriner, sb. a person attending a funeral.
w.Yks. Common in Wilsden, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Sept. 19, 1891) ;
w.Yks.1
2. Comp. (i) Burying-biscuits, sponge biscuits distri-
buted to the mourners at a funeral ; (2) -cake, a funeral
cake ; (3) -coach, a funeral hearse ; (4) -ground, a grave-
yard or cemetery ; (5) -hole, a grave ; (6) -house, the
house from which the funeral comes ; (7) -stools, the stools
or trestles on which coffins are set at a funeral ; (8) -towels,
towels used for carrying a coffin ; (9) -tune, the tune to
which a hymn is sung on the way to the church at
a funeral.
(i) w.Yks. (S.K.C.) (a) w.Yks. With berrin' cakes he wer'
sent, Wadsley Jack (1866) Introd. i; w.Yks.2, nXin.1 (3) Lan.
Does thae see that berrin-coach ? WAUGH Ben an' Bantam (1867)
224. (4) Frf. I was walking wi1 the wife i' the buryin' ground,
BARRIE Thrums (1889) xiii. Fif. We entered the old burying-
ground, as the graveyard was called, ROBERTSON Provost (1894)
163. w.Yks. Yo' mud as weel seek wark i' a burying ground,
SNOWDEN Web of Weaver (1896) iv. (5) Stf.2, nw.Der.1 (6)
n.Yks.2 If the ' burying house ' itself is not large enough, the
neighbours offer their apartments, Pref. 9. (7) nXin.1 (8) n.Yks.1
The coffin is almost never borne on the shoulders, but suspended
by means of towels passed under it (s.v. Arval) ; n.Yks.2, n.Lin.1
Not., Lin., Dev., Cor. TV. V Q. (1877) 5th S. vii. 344, 458. (9)
Cor.1
3. In phr. He's been ta Jerry1 berrin' an1 helped la hug,
prov. answering to 'once bit, twice shy,' he has been
deceived once and won't be again ; (a) to fetch a burying,
to accompany the corpse.
(r, w.Yks. Prov. in Bnghouse News (Sept. 14, 1889). (a)
Hrf.12
4. A heap of potatoes covered with mould to protect
them from frost. Oxf.1
BURYING, prp. Cum. Nhp. Hrf. In phr. (i) burying
old Tom, a drinking festivity among labourers on New
Year's Eve ; (a) — his or the old wife, the feast given by
an apprentice at the expiration of his articles.
(i) Hrf. BRAND Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1870) I. 12. (al Cum.1, Nhp.1
BURY-ME-WICK, int. Der. An ejaculation, exclama-
tion, meaning bury-me-alive !
Der. You'll do it to-day, bury-me wick, but you shall, LE FANU
Uncle Silos (1865) I. 295.
BURY-MUFFS, sb. pi. Lan. A jocular term applied
to the inhabitants of Bury. (S.W.)
BUSE, see Boose.
BUSEFUL, adj. Wil. Abusive, foul-mouthed. See
Abuseful.
n.Wil. He's a terrible buseful chap (E.H.G.). Wil.1
BUSEY, ad). w.Som. Abusive.
w.Som. Bue-zfe, ELWORTHY Gram. (1877) 20.
BUSGY, see Busky.
BUSH, sb.1 and v.1 Sc. Irel. Yks. Chs. Stf. Lin. Wor.
Hrt. e.An. Ken. Sus. Hmp. Wil. Som. Cor.
1. sb. A thorn.
BUSH
[457]
BUSHEL
Hrt. I hear as how the master has a bush in his foot (H.G.).
Suf. A man says he has a bush in his finger (C.T.) ; e.An.Dy.
Times(iSga). Sus. (F.A.A.) ; (F.E.) Hmp. Your dog has a bush
in his foot, DE CRESPIGNY & HUTCHINSON New Forest (1895) 112;
I've a rose-bush down me nail, an' it do hurt (W.M.E.F.) ; Hmp.1
2. The gooseberry bush. [Unknown to our correspon-
dents.]
Ken.1 Them there bushes want pruning sadly ; Ken.2
3. A faggot made of whitethorn or blackthorn. See
Bush-faggot.
Ken. Edward Colings [paid working] Bourn Wood [inter alia]
112 bush, £o. 3. 2, Maylant Farm Aces. (1794).
4. A heavy hurdle or gate with its bars interlaced with
brushwood and thorns, which is drawn over pastures, in
spring, and acts like a light harrow. Wil.1 See Bush-
harrow.
5. A bed of reeds.
e.An.1 When a wounded fowl swims from the open water into
the reeds it is said to have got into the bush.
6. A tree.
Ant. (W.H.P.); Who lives over there among the bushes'
(W.J.K.)
7. In//. Masses of seaweed growing on sunken rocks,
and exposed at low water. N.I?
8. Cotnp. (i) Bush-bred, of sheep : bred upon the hills
in the neighbourhood of Romney Marsh ; (2) -chat, the
whinchat, Pratincularubetra; (3) -draining, under-draining
done with bushes ; (4) -eels, snakes ; (5) -faggot, a faggot
made of whitethorn or blackthorn ; (6) -house, a house
which on the occasion of a fair or other festivity sold beer
and cider with or without a licence ; (7) -lark, the corn
bunting, Emberisa rniliaria ; (8) -magpie, the common
magpie, Pica rustica ; (9) -oven, the long-tailed titmouse,
Acredula rosea ; (10) -sparrow, the hedge-sparrow, Accen-
tor modnlaris.
(i) Ken. YOUNG Ann. Agric, (1784-1815). (2) w.Yks. SWAINSON
Birds (1885) ii. (3) n.Yks. (I.W.) e.Nrf. MARSHALL Review
(1783). [GROSE (1790).] (4) Lin. HONE Table-bk. (1827) II. 224.
(5) Suf. As rough as a bush-faggot, Prov. (F.H.) Ken. Of
Jno. Lester for 68 bush faggots, i cord of wood, and 200 of
staiks, £i. 5. 6, Maylant Farm Aces. 1787, Dec. 29 (P.M.). (6)
se.Wor.1 Indicated by a bush fixed up at the door. Suppressed
1863. Som. (W.F.R.) Cor. Starting from some ' bush-house '
where he had been supping too freely of the fair-ale, Flk-Lore Jm.
(1886) IV. 233 ; Cor. 2 MS. add. (7) Ir. SWAINSON Birds (1885)
69. (8) w.Wor. Like a bush magpie, he's two holes in his coot —
one to go in at, and the tother for boltin', Berrow's Jrn. (Mar. 10,
1888) ; In days of cock-fighting it was not unusual to put the eggs
of game-fowl into the nests of carrion-crows and bush-magpies,
under the notion that the fowls thus hatched would be more
game (H.K.). (9) Nrf. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 32. (10) Slg.
ib. 28.
9. v. To place thorns on land to prevent poachers from
netting partridges. See Bosk.
s.Chs.1, nXin.1 Midi. That field is not half bushed. I've been
bushing all the week [said by an under-keeper] (W.B.T.).
10. To drag a hurdle, or gate interwoven with rough
bushes, over grass land. See Bush-harrow.
n.Wil. This is to beat up the lumps of earth or manure that have
been scattered over it (E.H.G.). Wil.1
11. In phr. Bush the fire, put on more furze.
Cor.1 Only used where there are open chimneys and no grates.
12. Obs. To retreat from a bargain, as though getting
behind a bush for shelter.
s.Cy. (HALL.) e.Sus. HOLLOWAY.
13. To be idle, to shirk work. Stf.1
BUSH, sb.2 Cor. Two hoops fixed on a short pole,
passing through each other at right angles, used for
signalling the position of a school of pilchards.
Cor.1 Hoops are covered with white calico, and used as signals
by a person standing on a hill to show where pilchards lie in a bay ;
Cor. 2
BUSH, sb* Sc. n.Cy. Wm. Yks. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp.
War. Shr. [buj.] A ring of metal inserted round a shaft,
axle-rod, &c., to take the wear and reduce the friction
produced by the constant rubbing ; an iron socket. Also
fig. Cf. bowk, sb.2
Frf. For cleaning harness, the bushes of cart-wheels, &c.,
VOL. I.
STEPHENS Farm Bk. (1849) I- 3™- N.Cy.1 Wm. A heavy drinker
will be frequently referred to as one whose throat ' wants a new
bush' (B.K.); Wm.1 Yks. Yfo. Wkly. Post (Aug. n, 1883) 6.
n.Yks. T'bush o' t'grunston is lowce (I.W.). Not.1, n.Lin.1, Lei.1,
Nhp.1, War.3, Shr.1 [Gl. Lab. (1894).]
Hence (i) Bush, v. to sheathe, enclose in a case or
box, fit a metal lining to a cylindrical body ; (2) Bushing,
vbl. sb. the operation of fitting a metal lining as above ;
also fig. • (3) Bushing-piece, sb. a piece of metal made to
increase or reduce the size of the thread on or in the end
of a tube, &c.
(i) Sc. (JAM.), War.3 (2) Wm. One who has suffered from
diarrhoea will say, 'Ah want bushing afresh ' (B.K.). [Gl. Lab.
(1894).] (3) War.3 A fitter-would ask for a 2/8 3/8 (bushing piece)
or a 3/8 2/8 (reducing piece), according to the nature of the work
to be done.
[The busshes are irons within the hole of the nave to
keep it from wearing, HOLME Ac. Armory (1688) 332. Cp.
Bremen busse ( Wtbch.), Sw. bosse, G. buchse.]
BUSH, v?- Dev. Cor. [buj.] To administer the rite
of Confirmation. See Bishop, v.
n.Dev. Bushed or unbushed, if Death jet'th one, Ha must obey
es call, ROCK Jim atf Ntll(li&]) st. too. s.Dev. 'Tis always Bishops
who bush the folks, Church Times (Oct. 10, 1890) 965. Cor.TnoMAS
Randigal Rhymes (1895) Gl.
BUSH, v.3 Pern. Glo. Dev. To butt with the head or
horns, gore, toss. Cf. buck, v.1
s.Pem. LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 419; Is that bull bushing?
(W.M.M.) Glo. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) Dev. But now she
bushing roars, and makes a pudder, PETER PINDAR Hair Powder
(1816) III. 25; Reports Provinc. (1877) 128; Dev.1 Thicca bull
yender look'th zo. — Why, thee dist'n think a will bush tha, mun ?
pt. ii. 12. nw-Dev.1 Mind yurzell now, er he'll bush ee.
[He may busche ajenst men . . . and breke strong dores
wib his heed, TREVISA Higden (1387) II. 191.]
BUSH, v* Cor. [buU To strike the ears of corn
against a barrel instead of threshing it with a flail.
Cor.1 When straw was wanted for thatching, women were
employed to beat out the corn into a barrel with the head out ;
Cor.2
BUSH, v? Sc. Gen. with prep, up and about : to move
nimbly, tidy up. See Busk, v?
Sc. (JAM. Suppl.) Slg. Bush about, lassie ; bush up, noo (G.W.).
BUSH, int. Sc. Expressive of a rushing sound.
Feb. Till bush! — he gae a desperate spue, NICOL Poems (1805)
115 (JAM.).
BUSH, see Push.
BUSHEEN, sb. pi. Wxf.1 Growing bushes.
[Bush, sb.1 + -een, Ir. -in, dim. suff.]
BUSHEL, sb.1 and v. Obsol. In gen. dial, use in Sc.
Eng. and Wai. Also written bushely w.Som.1
1. sb. A dry measure of capacity used for corn, vege-
tables, &c., varying according to district.
Ayr. Two pecks. Gall. Of barley : from 46 to 53 Ibs. Of lime
or potatoes : the Carlisle bush. Dur. Of corn : gen. 5 per cent,
above the standard ; in some parts 8| gall. At Stockton, of oats :
35 Ibs. Of wheat : 60 Ibs. Cum. At Carlisle, 96 quarts = 24 gall.
At Penrith, of barley, oats, and potatoes: 20 gall. Of rye and
wheat': 16 gall. Wm. 3 Winchester bush. At Appleby, of
barley : s\ bush. Of potatoes, 2 bush. n.Yks. In s. part i quart
above the standard; in «. 2, sometimes 10 per cent., or more
than 3. e.Yks. Farmers sell by i bush, above the standard ; corn-
merchants by the Winchester bush. Lan. Of potatoes : gen.
90 Ibs. not cleaned. At Liverpool, of barley, beans, and oats :
a gall. Winchester measure ; barley is sold at 60 Ibs. to the bush.,
oats at 45. Of wheat : 70 Ibs. Chs. Of barley : 60 Ibs. Of oats :
45 to 50 Ibs. Of potatoes : 90 Ibs. Of wheat : 70 to 75 Ibs.,
MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863) ; Chs.123 n.Wal. Of potatoes: 74
Ibs., MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). Stf. Six [strikes] of malt or
oats, RAY (1691) MS. add. (J.C.) ; Of barley, beans, oats, and
pease : 9* gall. Of wheat : 72 Ibs. Der. Of potatoes : 90 Ibs.,
MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863); Der.1 2 strikes or 8 pecks. n-Lin.1
One-fourth of a quarter of corn, not one-eighth, as in most other
parts of Eng. The strike or half bush, represents here, and in some
other parts of Lindsey, the legal bush. Lei. Of grain : 8£ to 9 gall.
Of malt : 8 gall. Of potatoes : 80 Ibs. , MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
War. 2 strikes or 2 bush., Winchester measure, RAY (1691). Wor.
At Worcester, 8£ gall. ; at Evesham, 9 gall. ; in some parts 9j or
9^ gall. Ofwheat: ggall. weigh 7olbs. and make s6offlour. Shr.
3N
BUSHEL
[458]
BUSK
Of barley, pease, and wheat : gj to 10 gall. ; of wheat, weighing
from 70 to 80 Ibs. ; of oats, at Shrewsbury 3£ bush., weighing about
93 Ibs., MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863) ; Shr.1 Strike, bushel, measure,
are synonymous terms, but 'strike' is giving place as a gen. usage
to ' bushel.' The quantities sold under these respective denomina-
tions are not, however, uniformly equal, Introd. Ixxxv. Mtg.
20 gall., called 2 strikes. Welshpool, of malt : & of the corn
bush. = 18 gall. Of oats : 7 hoops of 5 gall. , heaped. Fishguard,
2 Winchester bush. Caerphili, of wheat : the Winchester bush.,
estimated to weigh 67^ Ibs. ; at Aberthaw 64 ; at other places the
bush, of 10 gall, is required to weigh 80 Ibs., MORTON Cyclo. Agric.
(1863). Hrf. DUNCUMB Hist. Hrf. (1804-1812) ; Of grain : 10
gall. Of malt : 8£ gall. Mon. From 10 to io£ and nearly n gall.
s.Wal. Of oats : the Winchester bush, of the old kind of oats
required to weigh 41 J Ibs. ; of the new, 45 Ibs. Brk. 10 gall.
Glo. Commonly gj gall., but varying from 9 and 9$ to 10. Oxf.
Of wheat : 9 gall. 3 pints. Brks. Of corn : in some parts, 9 gall.
Bdf. Till lately 2 pints above the standard. Mid. Of potatoes :
56 Ibs., MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). Ken. One still speaks of a
gallon of bread, but formerly one also spoke of a bushel of bread.
' In the pantry 4 bush, of wheat ground, i bush, and 5 gall, baked
into bread,' Pluckley Vestry Bk. (Oct. 29, 1789) (P.M.). Sur. Of
potatoes : 60 Ibs. Of turnips : 50 Ibs. Sus. Of wheat : in some
parts, 9 gall. Dor. Of hemp seed : sometimes 9 gall. Dev. Of
barley : often 30 Ibs. Of oats : often 36 or 40 Ibs. Of wheat :
the fourth peck heaped. Cor. 24 gall. The double measure of
16 gall, is also used in the e. parts and runs occasionally to 17 or
17 J ; the triple in the w. parts. Of potatoes : 220 Ibs., MORTON
Cyclo. Agric. 1,1863); Cor.3
2. A custom observed at the Red Lion Inn, Shoreham,
on New Year's Day, when a bushel measure is filled with
beer, and all comers are entitled to a free drink.
Sus. A new bushel corn measure is used, decorated with
flowers and green paper. When filled with frothed-up beer, it
has the appearance of a huge cauliflower. It is filled twice, first
by the brewers, Vallance, Catt and Co., and "next by the company,
who partake of it, Flk-Lore Jrn. (1883) I. 192; The Bushel [is]
an old custom still kept up, SAWYER Flk-Lore (1883) 2.
3. Comp. (i) Bushel-breeks, wide, baggy trousers ; (2)
•iron, scrap-iron ; (3) -loaf, a bushel of flour made into
bread and baked in one large loaf.
(i) Ayr. I daursay I lookit droll enough in his bushle-breeks,
which were a worl' owre big for me, SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887)
131. (a) Nhb.1 Obs. (3) Ken. Bushel-loaves were formerly baked
for Christmas (P.M.).
4. In phr. (i) To measure another's corn by one's own
bushel, or to measure another a feck out of one's own bushel,
to judge of another's disposition or experience by one's
own ; (2) under the bushel, in subjection.
(i) w.Yks.1, Nhp.1 (2) Dev. Mrs. Smith seems to keep Smith
pretty much under the bushel, Reports Provinc. (1883) 83.
5. v. To measure grain with a bushel measure.
w.Som.1 Beo-shl. {Gl. Lab. (1894).]
6. To yield so as to quickly fill the bushel measure;
sometimes with prep. up.
w.Wor.1 Good hops are said by the pickers to bushel-up well.
w.Som.1 The wheat don't half beo'shlee de year, same's I've a
knowed it avore now.
BUSHEL, sb? Fif. (JAM.) A small dam made in
a gutter in order to intercept water. See Gushel.
[Cp. Du. busse, a channell or a gutter (HEXHAM).]
BUSHERIES, sb. pi. Sc. Clumps of bushes.
Elg. What fine lawns and fawns, shrubberies and busheries,
COUPER Tourifications (1803) II. 131.
BUSHET,t>. Glo. Also in form basket (H.T.E.). To
throw out suckers, shoot out at the roots, sprout.
Glo. Gl. (1851) ; (H.T.E.) ; Glo.1
[The same word as OFr. bouset, ' petit bois ' (GODEFROY
Suppl., s.v. boschet).]
BUSH-HARROW, sb. and v. Lin. War. Mid. and in
gen. dial. use. [bu'J-ara.]
1. sb. A harrow made by inserting thorns in a frame of
wood. See Bush, sb.1 4.
n-Lin.1, War.3 Mid. The seed is covered by a bush-harrow,
MARSHALL Review (1817) V. 136. [Bush-harrows, which are at
work in the meadows at this time of year, are drudges or dredges,
JEFFERIES Hdgrw. (1889) 201.]
2. v. To go over land with a bush-harrow. n.Lin.1,
sw.Lin.1
BUSHMENT, sb. Sojn. Dev. Cor. A thicket, a bushy
place.
w.Som.1 Twaud-n noa vuurdur oa'f-n dhik dhae'ur beo'shmunt
[it was no further off than that thicket]. Very common. Dev., Cor.
Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 544.
[Woods, briars, bushments, RALEIGH Hist. World
(JOHNSON).]
BUSHT, sb. n.Sc A box, used fig. See Saut-boosht.
n.Sc. The aul' 'umman lives in a bit busht o' a roomie, bit a'
thing in't's as nait's a new preen (W.G.).
BUSHY BANDY BEE, — BARNABY, see Bishop
Barnabee.
BUSHY-TOPPIN'D, ppl. adj. Lin. [bu'Ji-topind.]
Having a bushy tuft of feathers on the head.
Lin. It was bushy-toppin'd like a dozzil (M.P.).
BUSINESS, sb. Lin. Wor. Brks. Ken. [bi'znas.]
1. A fuss.
Brks.1 A maayde a gurt business about um a-taaykin' his
spaayde wi'out axin.
2. Farming, a farm ; to be in business, to be a farmer.
s.Wor. (H.K.), Ken.2
3. Comp. Business-cow, a cow which gives a good
supply of milk and cream. n.Lin.1
BUSK, sb.1 and v.1 Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der.
Lin. [busk.]
1. sb. A bush.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). Lakel. ELLWOOD (1895). Cum.1 Obsol.
Wm. That little cottage down under that busk of wood was empty,
Lonsdale Mag. (1822) III. 13 ; Trinnalt doont broo intet Scroggs
amang t'busks, Spec. Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 12 ; Wm.1 n.Yks. Well,
Lookstee, gan for yon busk o' ling, ATKINSON Lost (1870) xxii ;
n.Yks.1 A Ling-busk. Seave-busk ; n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1 Ah ho't
mysen sadly i yan o' them whin-busks. e.Yks. Whin busks were
stubbed up an meead inti whin kids (R.S.); NICHOLSON Flk-Sp.
( 1 889); e.Yks.1 Appl. to furze bushes only .which are fast disappearing,
MS. add. (T.H.) m.Yks.1 w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781) ;
w.Yks.1 ; w.Yks.2 A gooseberry-busk. n.Lan. It's haidan bihint
3 holin busk (W.S.). Chs. Lad's love's a busk of broom, Hot
awhile and soon done, RAY Prov. (1678) 54 ; Chs.13, nw.Der.1
n.Lin. Reight awaays ower th' eller-busks i' th' gardin hedge,
PEACOCK Taales (1889) 22 ; n-Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 We used to hing our
clothes on the gorse-busks.
2. A bunch of flowers.
Lin. STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes (1884) 320 ; Thou'st gotten
a fine busk of gillivers (R.E.C.); Lin.1
3. v. To beat the bushes in cover-shooting.
Lan. Yo're gooin a buskin . . . where's yor guns ? CLEGG Pieces
Rochd. Dial. (1895).
Hence Busker, sb. a beater in cover-shooting. w.Yks.3
4. To busk out, to beat out with bushes a fire spreading
in turfy ground.
sw.Lin.1 They've gotten busks, and are busking the fire out.
[Buske or busshe, rubus, dumus, Prompt. ; A busk I se
yondir brennand bright, York Plays (c. 1400) 74. ON.
buskr.]
BUSK, sb.2 and v.2 Som. Dev.
1. sb. The hair growing along dogs' backs, which when
in a pugnacious mood they cause to stand straight upright;
alsoy*^. of a man, when he is irritated.
w.Som.1 It is very common to talk of a dog wai uz buusk au-1
un ee-n [with his busk all on end]. The freq. description of
a man being made angry— Puut uz buusk au-p [put his busk up],
precisely equiv. to the Amer. ' his dander was riz.'
2. v. To irritate, to stroke the wrong way, i. e. to cause
the ' busk ' to rise.
w.Som.1 n.Dev. Tamzen and thee be olweys . . . tacking or
busking, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 312 ; GROSE (1790) Suppl.
BUSK, sb.3 Dev. A calf too long unweaned.
n.Dev. An' whare tha busks an' barras be, ROCK Jim an' Nell
(1867) st. 5.
Hence Busker, sb. a boy too long unweaned ; also used
attrib.
n.Dev. Ott a gurt busker toad thee art, ib. st. 3.
BUSK, sb.* Irel.
1. A small spiced cake made of white meal.
Wxf.1 Thou ne'er eighthest buskes, 100.
2. A small tambourine made of sheepskin stretched on
a hoop. Wxf.1
BUSK
[459]
BUSS
i gen. dial, use in Sc. and Eng. Also in
r.2 A piece of rigid material, formerly
BUSK, sb* In
form busken Cor.
wood or whalebone, passed down the front of a corset in
order to stiffen and support it ; sometimes appl. to the
whole corset ; also /iff. the waist.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Ayr. Crossing her fingers
daintily on her busk, she made me a ceremonious curtsey, GALT
Lairds (1826) xiv. N.Cy.1 s.Dur. A've brokken my stay's busk
(J.E.D.). Wm. He'd his arm aroond her busk (B.K.). w.Yks.
LUCAS Stud. Nidderdalc (c. 1882) Gl. ; w.Yks.1 I lost my holland
busk, finely flowered, at my husband gamma 'fore I war wed, ii. 15 ;
w.Yks.3, s.Chs.1, Shr.1, e.An.1, w.Som.1 Cor.1 About an inch
and a-half broad by fourteen long ; formerly worn by all, now
only by old women, in front of their stays ; Cor.2
BUSK, sb.6 e.An.1 The piece of wood or iron that
confines the bung of a churn.
BUSK, v? Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Lin. e.An. [busk.]
1. To prepare, make ready.
Sc. [For defence] the covenanters . . . busked the yard dykes,
SPALDING Hist. Troubles (1792) I. 208 (JAM.); But Johnie'sbusk't
up his gude bent bow, SCOTT Minstrelsy (1802) III. 116, ed. 1848.
Frf. The others sat down and with the help of the turnip lantern
' busked ' their spears, BARRIE Licht (1888) 56, ed. 1893. e.An.1
2. To dress, deck out, adorn.
Sc. A bonny bride is soon busked. Ye breed o' the herd's wife,
ye busk again e'en, RAMSAY Prov. (1737) ; Jean maun . . . busk her
cockernony the gate the gudeman likes, SCOTT Bride of Lam.
(1819) xii. Abd. Trigly buskit frae tap to tae, Guidman Inglis-
maill (1873) 33. Frf. [She] was aye brawly busket, an' tidy, an'
clean, LAING/VJS. (1846) 23 ; A wheen kimmer weans stood buskit
in duds Like bogles for fearin' the craws, WATT Sketches (1880) 38.
Per. He'll busk ye juist as braw, nae doot, He'll hae a gude wheen
claes aboot, HALIBURTON Horace (1886) 52 ; Thae Muirtown
drapers can busk oot their windows, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush
(1895) 209. Ayr. But now they'll busk her like a fright,
BURNS To Mr. Creech (1787) St. 2 ; Blithesome trees and hedges,
a' buskit in their new deeding, GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822) xxxiv.
Lnk. Wi" thee I tent nae flow'rs that busk the field, RAMSAY
Gentle Shep. (1725) 53 ; Busk up yersel' baith snod an' braw,
THOMSON Musings (1881) 75. Lth. Their dark hair was buskit wi'
sweet-smellin' blossoms, SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 185. e.Lth.
A' thro' the spring, the land o' cakes Ne'er buskit her green shaws
an' brakes, MUCKLEBACKIT Rur. Rhymes (1885) 33. Edb. Her loving
spouse . . . busked out in his best, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) vi.
Slk. The family were buskin themselves for the kirk, CHR. NORTH
Nodes (ed. 1856) II. 53. Rxb. Kate, half busket, tript alang the
floor, RIDDELL Poet. Wks. (1871) I. 5. Dmf. Buskit wi' flow'rs and
yellow whun Sae sweetly shining, MAYNE Siller Gun (1808) 78.
Gall. We send him awa' weel buskit wi' muirland claith, CROCKETT
Stickit Min. (1893) 277. N.I.1 Nhb. Auld North Tyne's buskit like
a bride, Coquetdale Sngs. (1852) 154; Nhb.1 Aa'll just busk mesel
an gan. He's weel buskit. Cum. I busk me wi' a careless nan',
GILPIN 'Ballads (1874) 207. Wm. & Cum.1 Wi' bra's weel buskit,
rigg'd, an' squar'd. Lan.1 Come busk up, an' let's be off.
Hence (i) Busk, sb. dress, decoration ; (2) Buskie, adj.
fond of dress, smart ; (3) Buskin', vbl. sb. dressing ; (4)
Buskry, sb., see (i).
Sc. (i) The busk and bravery of beautiful and big words,
MCWARD Contendings (1723) 356 (JAM.). (2) Kintra lairds, and
buskie cits, TARRAS Poems (1804) 136 (16.). (3) A' her skill lies
in the buskin', CHAMBERS Sngs. (1829) II. 360. (4) The buskry or
bravery of words, MCWARD Contendings (1723) 324 (»6.).
3. To dress flies for fishing.
Sc. Unless trimming the laird's fishing-wand or busking his flies,
SCOTT Waverley (1814) ix. Frf. He gave them fly-hooks which he
had busked himself,BARRiE.Z.j'cW(i888)i52, ed. 193. Lth. Feathers
for ' buskin' ' fly-hooks, STRATHESK More Bits (ed. 1885) 54. Nhb.
Come busk your flees, my auld compeer, Coquetdale Sngs. (1852)
59 ; Nhb.1 Aa'l busk a troot flee.
4. To straighten up fences, cut off thorns, &c., in the
winter.
Chs.1 ; Chs.3 I've been agait busking in the coppy.
5. refl. and intr. To hurry, bustle.
Wm. Busk aboot an' git deun weshin' an than we'll hev a walk
(B.K.). e.Yks.1 Ah busk'd aboot. m.Yks.1 Now, come, busk!
w.Yks. A biliv yan ma sympathiz wi fuaks ta mitch sumtaims, wen
ta busk am abut wad kiur am t'best (W.H.) ; w.Yks.2; w.Yks.3
niin.1 Noo busk thy sen off an' doant stan' theare gawmin' for a
weak. e.An.1 [Rimes said to a lady-bird] : Busk ye, busk ye, all
hands on deck. Co', busk ye, mates, ta' grow late, and time to go
(s.v. Bishop Barnabee).
[2. All suld arme thame hastely, And busk thame on
thar best maner, BARBOUR Bruce (1375) xi. 394. 6. pe
kyng ... to his bed buskes, Jos. Arim. (c. 1350) 202. ON.
buask, to make oneself ready, refl. of bua, to prepare, to
make ready (VIGFUSSON).]
BUSK, v.* Lei. e.An. Also written bask Lei.1 ; and
in form bussock Suf.
1. Of birds : to nestle or rub the breast in the dust, and
flutter the wings. Cf. bather.
Lei.1, e.An.1 Nrf. A groom shot a brace of partridges in the
garden, and when I remonstrated with him he replied, 'What
right had they to be busking about there for? ' (W.R.E) ; (A.G.F.) ;
Nrf.1 Suf. The peacocks are very fond of bussocking there,
A'. & Q. (1882) 6th S. v. 86.
2. To he idly in the sun.
Snf.1 Tha' love to busk i' th' sun. Ess. Monthly Mag. (1814) I.
498 ; Gl. (1851) ; Ess.1
BUSK, v.s Yks. Lin. To drive away, drive off'.
w.Yks.3 Aw've busked her off her nest. n-Lin.1 I'll busk that hen
fra' off n her nest. Theare's a man that's alus saay in' ' I'll busk yeY
an' soa he's gotten th' naame w' iviry body of Buskem.
BUSK, v.e Nhb. Yks. Lan. Slang, [busk.] To obtain
money by playing or singing in the streets or in public-
houses.
w.Yks. We've been e buskin an' made ten bob apiece, Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 16, 1892) ; Ah've known him mak as much as
ten bob a day busking (H.L.). Slang. So I said to Sam, 'You
must go out one way and I and Johnny the other, and busk in
the public-house,' MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) III. 97, ed. 1861.
Hence (i) Busker, sb. a professional mendicant minstrel ;
(2) Busking, vbl. sb. the act of obtaining money by playing
or singing in the streets, by the sea-shore, &c.
(i) NhbJ w.Yks. For yo see we dooant do onny business wi'
show actors, nor buskers, HARTLEY Sis. (1895) ix. Slang. So
unlike common buskers was he, LLOYD Flying Lady (BARRERE).
(2) w.Yks,, Lan. Busking is a profitable and pleasant way in which
many operatives spend their summer holiday (J.H.).
[Cp. It. buscdre, to proul or shift by craft, to go a free-
booting (FLORIO) ; Sp. buscar, to seek.]
BUSK, v.7 w.Yks.2 To kiss. See Buss, v.1
BUSKER, sb. Cor.12 A fisherman who dares all
weathers.
BUSKET, sb. ? Obs. Yks. Som. A little bush.
Yks. Yks. Wkly. Post (Aug. n, 1883) 6. Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
BUSKET, see Bushet.
BUSKIN, sb. e.Yks.1 A farm servant.
BUSKINS, sb. pi. Irel. Yks. Nhp. e.An. Dor. Som.
Dev. Also in forms bosgins w.Yks.2; busgins Dor.1
Leather gaiters, half boots.
w.Yks.2 ' Breeches and bosgins' is often used to describe breeches
with loose leggings attached to them. Nhp.1, e.An.1, Ess. (W. W.S.),
Dor.1 w.Som.1 Buuz-geenz, covering the leg but not reaching to
the knee. I have never heard this name applied to cloth leggings.
Dev. w.Times (Mar. 12, 1886) 6.
Hence Buskin-boot, sb. a man's low laced boot. N.I.1
BUSKS, sb. pi. n.Yks.2 [busks.] The slight strips
of jet in the natural rock, as thin as cardboard.
BUSKY, adj. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Hrf. Bck. Also written
buskie Sc.; busgy Hrf.2 [bu'ski.] Bushy. See Bosk,
Busk, sb.1
Sc. His locks are busky an' black as a corbie, ROBSON Sng. i<M.
(1860) v. n. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, w.Yks.1 Hrf.2 The quick are busgy.
Hence Buskyleys, sb. pi. fields which have been formed
by clearing the forest.
Bck. Buskyleys are somewhat of the same nature, except they
have not been the property of the Crown as chaces have,
MARSHALL Review (1814) IV. 521.
BUSNIE, sb. S. & Ork.1 [bu'sni.] A term ot
reproach.
[Der. of ON. bysn, a portent ; see JAKOBSEN Norsk in
Shetland (1897) 63.]
BUSS, sb.1 and v.1 Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf.
Der. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. e.An. Ken. Sus. Hmp.
3N 2
BUSS
[460]
BUSS-CALF
Dor. Cor. Also written buz w.Yks.1 ; bus Lin. ; also in
form boss Chs.13 [bus, bos.]
1. sb. A kiss.
Ayr. It's the last buss, Betty Bodle, ye'll e'er gie to mortal man
while I'm your gudeman, GALT Entail (1823) xxix. Nhb.1 Come
gi's a buss, ma bairn. Yks. You must give me a buss, if you please,
DIXON Sngs. Eng. Peas. (1846) 235, ed. 1857. w.Yks.1 Lan. Hoo
gan me a smack of a buss, BRIERLEY Red Wind. (1868) 25 ; Let
mammy have a buss, WAUGH Sngs. (1859) Neet-Fo ; Lan.1, Chs.13
Stf.2 Ei gen mi a buss, an oi slapt im i' dh' feis'. Der. She wel-
comed me with a hug and a hearty buss, LE FANU Uncle Silas
(1865) I. 270. nw.Der.1 Lin. Come gies a bus, thou can't do less,
BROWN Neddy (1841) 5. nXin.1, Lei.1, Nhp.1, War.8 Shr.2 A
young lady asks for one, according to a well-known conundrum,
in a single word — circumbendibus, Sir, come bend a buss. Nrf.1,
Suf.1 Ess. Gl. (1851). Ken. Gi' me a buss and goto bed (H.M.).
Sns., Hmp. HOLLOWAY. Cor.3
2. v. To kiss.
Sc. ' Buss me, my bairns.' The dogs accordingly fawned upon
him,— licked him, SCOTT Nigel (1822) xxvii. Cum. Sae we buss'd,
and I tuik a last luik at the fell, ANDERSON Ballads (1805)
55, ed. 1815 ; He straive to buss her twice, LONSDALE Upshot
(1811). Lan. They'rn offerin' ther bits o' peawchers for anybody
t'buss, BRIERLEY Irkdale (1868) 59 ; They . . . busst one another i'
the church, ib. Sweepings, v ; Lan.1 Chs.1 A witness in a sort of
breach of promise case at Macclesfield said, ' Oi'm sure they wern
coortin, for they wern allis bossin ' ; Chs.3, Stf.12 Der. When the
governor told me to buss ye, LE FANU Uncle Silas (1865) II. 57.
nw.Der.1, nJUn.1, Lei.1, War.3, Shr.2 Ess. Whene'er he troyd to
buss her, CLARK /. Noakes (1839) 10 ; Ess.1 Sus. ' Ah, Tom,' ses
she, a bussin an a hussin ov un, JACKSON Southward Ho (1894) I.
339. Cor.3
Hence Bussing, vbl. sb. kissing.
Chs. Ossing comes to bossing, RAY Prov. (1678). Sus.1 Children
play a game, which is accompanied by a song beginning : ' Huss-
ing and bussing will not do, But go to the gate, knock and ring '
(s.v. Huss). w.Dor. ROBERTS Hist. Lyme Reg. (1834'.
[1. Every Satyre first did give a busse To Hellenore,
SPENSER F.Q. (1596) bk. in. x. 46. 2. I will . . . buss thee
as thy wife, SHAKS. K. John, in. iv. 35. Cp. Bavar. dial.
bussen, to kiss (SCHMELLER) ; so Tirol, dial. (SCHOPF) ;
Sw. dial, puss, a kiss (RiETz).]
BUSS, sb.2 Hmp. Wil. Som. Dev. Cor. Also in forms
borseHmp.1; bos,boss, busSom. ; bossy Wil.1 [bBs.bos.]
1. A young calf. See Busk, sb.3, Buss-calf.
Hmp. GROSE (1790); Wheeler's Mag. (1828)481; Hmp.1, Wil.1
Som. One fat heifer and one extra fat boss, Auctioneer's Advt. front
Newspaper (Nov. 1895) ; JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; Used
only of a well-grown, fat calf, as a term of commendation (F.A.A.1 ;
W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 Buus, a young fatted bullock which
has never been weaned. n.Dev. A calf suffered to run with its
dam in the woods or forest lands, MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796) ;
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.) nw.Dev.1 Cor. GROSE (1790) JUS.
add. (C.); Cor.12
Hence Buss-beef, sb. the flesh of a calf which has re-
mained unweaned till full grown.
w.Som.1 Tiid-n au'vees tai-ndur, aay-v u-noa'd zaum u dhush
yur buus--beef maa'yn tuuf' [it is not always tender, I have known
some of this here buss-beef very tough].
2. Fig. A milksop.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; N. & Q. (1874) 5th S. i. 356.
[Cp. Hesse dial, busseling, ' der ein- bis zweijahrige
Stier, zumal der eben verschnittene ' (VILMAR) ; Cassel
dial, boteling, in Accounts (1451), see VILMAR ; LG.
botlink, ' ein junger Ochs, verschnittener Stier ' ; boteln,
' mit einem Meissel abschlagen ' (BERGHAUS).]
BUSS, sb.3 e.An. A fishing-boat.
e.An.1 Nrf. (A.S.-P.) ; Nrf.1 Suf. The 'Fishing Buss' Inn,
WHITE Directory (1855) 327.
[Ships, such as our neighbouring Hollanders call
busses, principally to fish for herrings, Britain's Buss
(1615), in Arber's Eng. Garner, III. 623. Du. buysse, ' a
heering-busse ' (HEXHAM).]
BUSS, sb* Sc. Nhb. Cum. Also written bus N.Cy.1
Nhb.1 [bus.]
1. A bush.
Elg. Caul, caul aneath the drappin' buss, O Paulo, still thou lies,
COUPER Tourifications (1803) II. 212. Abd. Upon the busses birdies
sweetly sing, Ross Helenore (1768) 26, ed. 1812 ; Breem busses an'
heather knaps, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xliv. Frf. They
thrave out an' in like the buss i' the beil', LAING Firs. (1846") 18.
Per. See whaur the leaves o' buss an' tree Gang streamin' owre
the plain, HALIBURTON Horace (1886) 63. e.Fif. Like bumbles
roon' a buss o' withered carl-doddies, LATTO Tarn Bodkin (1864)
vii. Ayr. My trunk of eild, but buss or bield, BURNS Auld Man,
st a ; A wee theekit hoose so overgrown with trees and busses, that
it was all but hidden, SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887) 75. Gall. There
are briers i' the buss, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) ii. N.Cy.1 Nhb.1
A whin bus. A corrin bus. A grozer bus. Cum. I laited . . .
lang For growen nuts the busses neak'd amang, RELPH Misc. Poems
( J747) 95 i S"e te''4 ov a man yance be'n> r°D>t beside a hollin buss,
FARRALL Betty Wilson (1886) 87 ; Cum.1
Hence (i) Bussie, adj. bushy ; (2) Buss-sparrow, sb.
the hedge-sparrow ; (3) Buss-taps, sb. in phr. to gang
o'er the buss-taps, to behave in an extravagant manner.
(i) Sc. QAM.) (2) Ayr. The bussparrow and the robin chase
ilk ither, SERVICE Notandunts (1890) 52. (3) Rxb. JAM.)
2. Straw or other soft material used for the beds ol
animals, or by birds for their nests. S. & Ork.1
3. A sunken rock, on which at very low tides the long
seaweed is visible, like a bush.
Sc. (JAM-) Nhb.1 Bondicar bus. Pan bus. Togston bus.
[1. Ane buss of bitter slaes, MONTGOMERIE Cherrie and
Sloe (1597) 322, ed. Cranstoun, 14. A pron. of bush.}
BUSS, v? Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Also written bus
n.Cy. ; buz Dur. [bus.]
1. To dress, deck, adorn ; see Busk, v? 2.
Lnk. I'll buss my hair wi' the gowden brume, Blacktu. Mag. (Oct.
1818) 327 QAM.). n.Cy. GROSE (1790); N.Cy.1 Nhb. Smash!
Jemmy, let us buss, we'll off, And see Newcassel Races, MIDFORD
Coll. Sngs. (1818) 5 ; If wor Sir Matthew ye buss iv his wig, By
gocks ! he wad just leuk as canny, ib. 69 ; Nhb.1 Faith, thoo's
buss'd like any lady, CHICKEN Collier's Wedding (1735)- Dur.
GIBSON Up-Weardale Gl. (1870) ; Dur.1 Cum. The blushin' breyde '
An' maids theirsells are bussin, STAGG Misc. Poems (ed. 1807) 7.
Hence Bussin, sb. a linen cap or hood, worn by old
women.
Rnf. Wi lang-tailed bussins ty'd behind, PICKEN Poems (1788) 59.
2. In phr. to buss the tyup, to decorate with candles the last
load of coals drawn out of the pit on the last day of the year.
Nhb. Thou's often help'd te buss the tyup, WILSON Pitman's
Pay (1843) 52 ; ' Tyup ' is the last basket or corf sent up out of
the pit at the end of the year. The name is got from a tup's horn
accompanying it. This same horn is sent up throughout the year
with every twentieth corf, or the last in every score. The lads
beg, borrow, or steal candles for the occasion, ib. Gl. ; Nhb.1
3. To dress flies for fishing. Nhb.1
BUSS-, see Buzz(er, sb.1
BUSS A, sb. Dev. Cor. Also written buzza Cor.12
A coarse earthenware vessel. A\sojtg. an empty-brained
person, a simpleton.
n.Dev. That cloam buzza wi' two handles . . . Was tored abroad
to-day, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 119. Cor. Monthly Mag.
(1808) II. 544; Cloam buzzas on the planching, J. TRENOODLE
Spec. (1846) 38 ; The old woman placed it [a fish] into her bussa,
TREGELLAS Tales (1868; 14 ; For she called me a scovey [mean]
great bussa, THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) 5 ; Cor.1 Stinking
like buzza. A buzza used before cess-pits ; Cor.2
Hence (i) Bussa-brains, sb., (2) -bead, sb. a simpleton,
empty-headed person.
Cor. (i) She would soon see that buzza-brains warn't wuth 'es
salt as a man, PEARCE Esther Pentreatk (1891) I. ii ; (M.A.C.) (2)
So 'pon that the g'eat bussa-head got as maazed as a curley,
HICHAM Dial. (1866) 18 ; Till I'm mazed enough to scat thy great
bussa-head, THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) 5 ; Cor.12
[Cf. Fr. (obs.) busse, ' espece de tonneau,' also bussard
(HATZFELD).]
BUSS-CALF, sb. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also
written bussa- Cor.12 ; boss- s.Dev. ; bosse- Som. ; bossy-
Wil.1 Dor.
1. A young, unweaned calf. See Busk, sb.3, Buss, sb?
Wil.1 Som. N. & Q. (1874) sth S. i. 356. nw.Dev.1, s.Dev.
(F.W.C.) Cor. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Cor.12
2. A spoilt child.
Dor. Gl. (1851). Som. N. & Q. (1874) sth S. i. 356. Cor.2
MS. add.
BUSSED
BUSY
BUSSED, see Burst.
BUSSEL, sb.1 and v.1 Dor. Som.
1. sb. A felloe-piece of a wagon; the iron bar which
keeps the framework of a timber-carriage rigid.
Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863) (s.v. Hounds). w.Som.1 When timber
is loaded on a ' top carriage,' the but end always rests on the
'pillar-piece' or ' bolster' of the ' fore carriage' — and inasmuch
as the shafts of this kind of truck are hinged, the framework of the
carriage has to be supported and kept rigid independently. For
this purpose there is a strong iron bar called the buss'l, having a
ring sliding loosely upon it, with a short but strong chain attached
to this ring. No bussel is required for an ' under-carriage."
Hence Bussel-chain, sb. a short, strong chain attached
to the bussel. w.Som.1
2. v. To bussel up. See quot.
w.Som.1 To bussel up is to make fast the bussel-chain to the
tree with ' dogs,' so that the front wheels may be able to ' lock '
while the ' carriage ' may at the same time be held firmly in its
place.
BUSSEL, sb.2 and v? Ess.
1. sb. In phr. to get the bussel of, to get the better of a
person or a thing.
Ess. It sha'n't get the bussel of me (H.H.M.).
2. v. To get something out of a person.
Ess. I busselled him out of a shilling (H.H.M.).
BUSSELLY, adj. Sur. Bushy. s.Sur. (T.T.C.)
BUSSES, sb. pi. Nhb.1 Hoops for the top of a cart or
wagon.
BUSSIN, see Buss, v.2
BUSSOCK, sb.1 Chs. Stf. Lei. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf.
Glo. Hrt. Ess. Also in form buzzock Chs.1 s.Chs.1 Glo.1;
buzzack War.2 [bu'sak, bu'zak, birsak.] A donkey.
Also Jig.
Chs.1 s.Chs.1 Iv ahy aad' ii biiz-uk, fin ey wud)nu goa-, Wud)nu
ahy wol'up im ? Oa-, noa', noa- ! [If I had a buzzack, an' hey wudna
go, Wudna I wollup him ? Oh, no, no !] Stf.2 Eiz abait az fast
az a runin buzak. Lei.1, War. (J.R.W.), War.23, w.Wor.1, Shr.1,
Hrf.2, Glo.1 Hrt. N. V Q, (1878) 5th S. x. 531. Ess.1
BUSSOCK, sb.2 Lin. Nhp. War. Also in forms
buzzock War.3; bossock Nhp.1; bossacks n.Lin.1;
bossocks sw.Lin.1 [bu'sak, bo'sok, bu'zok. | A fat,
heavy woman.
nXin.1 sw.Lin.1 They'd say of old Betty, ' Look what a bossocks
yon looks,' but I sca'ce ever hear it now ; now they say, ' Look at
yon for a fat old stodge.' Nhp.1 A great, fat bossock. War.23
Hence Bussocking, ppl. adj. large, fat, gross.
Nhp.1 A great bossocking woman. War.3
BUSSOCK, sb* Wm. Yks. Lan. Lin. Also written
bussack Lin. [bu'sak.]
1. A sheaf of corn.
Wm., Yks., Lan. A'. & Q. (1885) 6th S. xi. 452.
2. A targe tuft of coarse grass.
s.Lin. The bussacks in the ten aacre wants cuttin' bad (T.H.R.).
Hence (i) Bussock-knife, sb. a sharp, heart-shaped
flat knife, fastened to a strong handle, used for cutting
'bussocks' ; (2) Bussocky, adj. abounding with 'bussocks.'
(i) s.Lin. (T.H.R.) (a) Lin. N. & Q. (1885) 6th S. xi. 287 ; The
gress land's bussocky, and teems wi' rushes (T.H.R.).
BUSSOCK, v. and sb* Wor. Dev. Also written
boosock s.Wor.1 ; bussack w.Wor. * ; bussick Dev.
1. v. To cough.
w.Wor.1 s.Wor. A-bussocking (H.K.) ; s.Wor.1
Hence Bussicky, adj. asthmatical, short of breath.
Dev. I'm rather tissicky, and when I come to go against a hill
I get bussicky, Reports Provinc. (1884) 13 ; Dev.3 Ef I go'th out
o" a vrasty morning airly, I git'th za bussicky 'pon my chest,
I can 'ardly braylhe.
2. sb. Gen. in pi. A cough.
w.Wor.1 s.Wor. A've got the boosocks. A bit o' the bussocks
(H.K.) ; s-Wor.1 Chiefly applied to cattle.
BUSSOCK, see Busk, v.*
BUST, v. Abd. (JAM.) To powder, to dust with
flour.
BUST, see Boost, Buist, Burst.
BUSTA, sb. S. £ Ork.1 A dwelling.
[Norw. dial, bustad, a dwelling (AASEN) ; ON. bustadr
(FRITZNER).]
BUSTARD, sb. Wm.1 A large moth. See Buzzard, sb.'
BUSTEOUS, adj. Obsol. Sc. Also written bousteous,
bustyious, bustuous. Boisterous, powerful, terrible,
fierce.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Deep through the busteous
bubs o' nicht Brak forth a strugglin grane, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads
(1806) 233; Clatterin hooves and busteous taunts Brast on their
starlit ear, ib. 245 ; A busteous troop it was, DRUMMOND Mucko-
machy (1846) 10. Fif. Sae clos'd wi' bustyious bang and baff
Clerk Diston and Freir Tullidaff, TENNANT Papistry (1837) 144.
[Scho alluiret thame . . . partlie with craibet, busteous,
and sour wordes, DALRYMPLE Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1596)
H- 347-1
BUSTER, sb. Brks. Ess. Wil. Dev. Cor. Slang.
[bB-sta(r).]
1. Anything very large, esp. a big lie. Cf. banger.
Brks.1, Ess. (W.W.S.), Wil.1 nw.Dev.1 Ot busters thee dis tell
up o'. Cor.3 Slang. FARMER.
2. A conclusive argument or action, a ' settler.'
Cor. If that edn't a buster for un, I dooant knaw what es,
HICHAM Dial. (1866) 20.
3. One fond of fun or mischief. Cor.3
[A pron. of burster.]
BUSTINE, sb. Obsol. Sc. A cotton fabric used for
waistcoats.
Sc. HERD Coll. Sngs. (1776) Gl. Ayr. (JAM.) Lnk. Neat, neat
she was in busline waistcoat clean, RAMSAY Gentle Shef>. (1725)
33, ed. 1783.
[Restagno, a kinde 01 stuffe like bustian, such as they
make wastecotes of, FLORID (1598). OFr. bustanne, ' sorte
d'etoffe fabriquee a Valenciennes ' (GODEFROY).]
BUSTION, sb. Lan. Chs. Also written bustin e.Lan.1 ;
bustian Lan. A gathering or whitlow on the hand. See
Boist, s*.2 1.
Lan. My molher's a buslian at th' end ov her Ihumb, LAYCOCK
Rhymes, 20. e-Lan.1 Chs.1 ; Chs.3 A buslion when neglecled
somelimes necessitates the removal of a joint. It often begins
with a thorn or splinter, acling on a bad part of the body. s.Chs.1
Bus 'tyfin.
BUSTIOUS, adj. Cor. Also written boostis Cor.12;
boistous, busthious Cor.2 Corpulent. See Boist, adj.
Cor. Used al Polperro, N. & Q. (1854) 1st S. x. 179 ; The
Commodore was a litlle purgy, buslious sort o' man, ' Q.' Troy
Town (1888) xix ; Cor.1 ; Cor.2 He is gelling quile booslis.
BUSTLE, v. and sb. Yks. Chs. Stf. Hrf. [bu'sl.]
1. v. With adv. off: to take oneself off, to go away
quickly.
Stf.2 Na you ladz, just busl of wi ya.
2. To drive away angrily ; to remove.
e.Yks. Noo, away wi y'u ; or Ah'll bussle ya off i' quick slicks,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 34. s.Chs.1 Duz aan-ibdi noa- uwt tu
mahy stok'inz ? Ah pill fim u)th bed, bu sum'di)z biis'ld urn of
[Does annyb'dy know owl lo my slockins ? Ah pul 'em o' lh' bed,
bu' someb'dy's bustled 'em off]. St£2 Wet a bil weil oi jusl busl
dheiz thingz of dh' teibl.
3. sb. A scolding.
Hrf.1 To gel into a buslle about a Ihing.
BUSTLE-HEADED, adj. Hmp. Also written bussle-
headed. Of trees, plants, &c. : badly-grown, stunted.
See Buzzly.
Hmp. WISE New Forest (1883) 183 ; Hmp.1 Bustle-headed, as are
the oak-trees whose lops are rounded and shorn by Ihe Channel
winds. [The ears being long and heavy were bussle-headed, lhal
is, did hang Iheir heads downward into the sheaf, LISLE Husbandry
BUSY, adj. Irel. Suf. Dev. Cor. In phr. (i) Busy all,
with difficulty, barely, hardly ; (2) — as a bag of fleas,
(3) — 05 Batty, (4) — as the devil, very busy ; (5) to be —
growing, to grow fast ; (6) it is — , it requires, employs,
occupies.
(i) Cor. You do spaik el [English] busy all so well as we,
WERNER O'DriscolFs Weird (1893) 97 ; Cor.3 Can you finish lo-
nighl ? — Well, busy all. Il will be busy all if we get done in time.
(3) Snf. Very common (F.H.). (3) Dev. N. & Q. (1850) ist S. i.
475- (4) Suf. (F.H.) (5) Ir. The corn is busy growing (G.M.H.).
(6) Cor. It is busy three men to heave it, GROSE (1790) MS. add.
(C.) ; Cor.1 It es busy all my time looking arter the childern. It
es busy all my money to keep house.
BUSY
[462]
BUT
BUSY, v. Sur. Cor. To employ, keep occupied.
Sur.1 I throws the beans to the pig just as they be, and it busies
him to open them. Cor.2 It will busy all the time. It will busy
all he can rise to pay it. It will busy all he can do to finish it in
time.
[Embesongner, to busie, occupie, COTGR.]
BUSY-GAP-ROGUE, sb. Obs. Nhb. A thiet, an
evilly-disposed person.
Nhb.1 Busy-gap is a wide break in the ridge of basalt, about
a mile from Sewingshields. This was the pass most frequently
chosen by the freebooters of the Middle Ages when on their
marauding expeditions to the rich valley of the Tyne, and hence
it acquired an evil reputation. In Newcastle formerly, to call a
brother burgess a Busy-Gap-Rogue was to incur the censure of
one's guild, as is attested by an entry in the books of the Company
of Bakers and Brewers of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, TOMLINSON
Guide (1888) 192.
BUSY-GOOD, sb. Som. A busybody, meddlesome
person.
w.Som.1 Her's a riglar old buz'ee-geod.
BUT, si.1 Som. The spade of cards.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
BUT, sb.2 n.Cy. A shoemaker's kniie. (HALL.)
BUT, sb.3 n.Cy. [Not known to our correspondents.]
A kind of cap. (HALL.)
BUT, adj.1 n.Cy. [Not known to our correspondents.]
Rough, rugged. (HALL.)
BUT, v.1 w.Yks. [but.] To exchange, barter. (HALL.)
BUT, v.2 Cor. To sprain or put out of joint
Cor.1 I've butted my thumb ; Cor.2
BUT, prep., adv.1, sb.* and ad/.2 Sc. Nhb. Cum. Also
written bot, butt Sc.
1. prep. Without. See Bout, prep.
Sc. In bluidy fight with sword in hand Nyne lost their lives bot
doubt, RAMSAY Tea-Table Misc. (1724) I. 223, ed. 1871 ; Beauty
but bounty availeth nothing, HENDERSON Prov. (1832) 3. Abd.
Gieme the man, whate'er his creed, . . . Wha speaks the truth but
fear or dread, STILL Cottar (1845) 175; Say ye' re in love, and but
her cannot cowr, Ross Helenore (1768) 38, ed. 1812. Ayr. Thou
art the life o' public haunts ; But thee, what were our fairs and
rants ? BURNS Sc. Drink (1786) st. 8. Lnk. Sic nonsense ! love
tak root but tocher-good! RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725) 84, ed.
1783. Dmf. There was a time Whan birds micht stan', hop.
bound or chime,. . . But scathe, QUINN Heather(eA. 1863) 31. Kcb.
An soon the tweelie settl'd But bluid that day, DAVIDSON Seasons
(1789) 79. Nhb. So rudely they fell to the meat But napkin,
trencher, salt or knife, RITSON N. Garland (1810) Ecky's Mare.
2. Without, outside ; in the outer part of; in phr. but the
house, the outer or kitchen end of a house.
Sc. ' But the hoose ' means the kitchen end of the house, and
' ben ' the parlour, yet ' but ' and ' ben ' often interchange these
meanings (G.W.). Abd. Will ye jist step but the hoose, Goodwife
(1867) st. 2; An' little Pate sits i' the nook An' but-a-house dare
hardly look, BEATTIES Parings (1801) 26. Frf. He would . . .
slowly withdraw to stand as drearily but the house, BARRIE
Thrums (1889) iv. Fif. ' Gae wa' butt the hoose, Robert.' . . .
Robert retired to the kitchen, ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 61.
Ayr. Gae but the house and see gin supper's ready, GALT Entail
(1833) viii. Nhb.1 ' But the house an' ben the house, In the house
and out the house.' This old rhyme was used by the spinners of
yarn when forming their hanks on the great wheel.
3. adv. Out, outside of, in the outer room. Used in
opposition to ben (q.v.).
Sc. Syne capered ben and capered but, Ballads (1885) 9; He
woo'd her butt, he woo'd her ben, HERD Coll. Sags. (1776) I. 93.
Abd. Here's yer father comin' butt, BEATTIES Parings (1801) 27,
ed. 1873. Per. The flytin' auld rudas cam but wi' a bang, NICOLL
Poems (1837) 130, ed. 1843. e.Sc. Soon Alison came ' but,' SETOUN
Sunshine (1895) 8- Ayr- Gang and tell her to come but to see my
leddy, GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822) Ixxxviii. Lth. He wha seems
the furthest but, aft wins the farthest ben, BALLANTINE Poems
(l856) 58. e.Lth. Ye canna bring but what's no ben, HUNTER
/. Inwick (1895) 89.
4. In phr. but and ben, inside and out, from the inner to
the outer room of a house ; backwards and forwards.
Elg. I will miss thy footstep roamin' but an' ben, TESTER Poems
(1865) 176. Abd. Surely happy hearts are yon'er — Surely pleasure
but an' ben, STILL Cottar's Sunday (1845) 32. Kcd. [She] made
doors an' windows but an' ben As fest as they cud steek, GRANT
Lays (1884) 20. Rnf. I couldna rest, But wan'ert but an' ben,
YOUNG Pictures (1865) 15. Ayr. Now butt an' ben the change-
house fills, BURNS Holy Fair (1785) st. 18. Edb. Benjie . . .
toddled but and ben, MoiRMansie IVauch (1828)205. Slk. They'll
herry you in and out, but and ben, HOGG Tales (,1838) 8, ed. 1866.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. A hame wad mak' baith snug and warm. Croose
but and ben. STRANG Earth Fiend (1892) pt. i. st. 2 Cum. While
'bacco reek beath but an' ben, Gn.piN-S«^s. (1866)206; They . . .
bicker but an' ben Wi' picks an' poles, STAGG Msr. Poems (1807) 41.
5. sb. The outer room of a cottage ; the kitchen.
Sc. His loom stood in the but, STEVENSON Catriona (1892) xv ;
He could reconnoitre the interior of the but, or kitchen apart-
ment, of the mansion, SCOTT Bride of Lam. (1819) xii. S. & Ork.1
MS. add. Etg. His but an' his ben are a heaven o' hope, TESTER
Poems (1865) 186. Abd. In ilka but, in ilka ben, A couthie
welcome found, THOM Rhymes (1844) 36. Per. The But, the
kitchen where the work was done, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush
(1895) 193. Frf. The usual hallan or passage divided the but
from the ben, BARRIE Tommy (1896) 128. Lnk. Baith the but an'
the ben are fu' o' aul' memories, HAMILTON Poems (1865) 147.
Lth. The house . . . had two small ends, a but and a ben, STRATHESK
More Bits (ed. 1885) 185.
Hence (i) But-house, sb. the kitchen, outer room ; (2)
Butwards, adv. towards the outer part of a room.
(i) Per. In the but-house an' ben-house, baith outby an' in,
NICOLL Poems (1837) 133, ed. 1843. (a) n.Sc. UAM.) Abd. Wha
with his Jean sat butwards in the mark, Ross Helenore (1768)
139, ed. 1812.
6. In phr. but and ben, a two-roomed cottage, the inner
and outer rooms.
Kcd. My father had a hoose in Birse, A decent but and ben,
GRANT Lays (1884) 26. Per. The aik-tree throws its leaves O'er
the lowly but and ben, NICOLL Poems (1837) 77, ed. 1843. ^If.
Come awa' wi' me and hae a look at the comfortable but-an-ben
I've got for ye, M''LAREN Tibbie (1894) 20. Rnf. My but an ben
an aumrie clad Wi' fouth o' halsome cheer, ALLAN Poems (1836) 51.
Ayr. When some kind, connubial Dear, Your but-and-ben adorns,
BURNS Calf, st. 4. Lth. The wee bit cosy but-an'-ben, SMITH
Merry Bridal (1866) 73. e.Lth. I ken what a but an' a ben's like,
for I was brocht up in ane mysel, HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) 58.
Dmf. The peace an" content o' ane's ain but an' ben, QUINN Heather
(ed. 1863) 214. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.)
7. adj. Outer, outside ; belonging to the ' but ' of a
cottage.
Bnff.1 She's at the but eyne o' the hoose. ' Butter ' is used as
compar. Abd. There's her but bed, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb
(1871) xvi. Frf. He was bann'd to the farthest but neuk o' the
house, WATT Sketches (1880) 55.
[1. Nocht sped but diligence we se, DUNBAR Poems
(c. 1507), ed. Small, II. 85. 4. Furius flamb . . . Spreding
fra thak to thak, baith but and ben, DOUGLAS Eneados
(1513), ed. 1874, ii. 217.]
BUT, con;., adv.2 and v? Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel.
and Eng. See also Bur.
I. Dial, forms, (i) B'd, (2) Bo', (3) Bod, (4) Boh, (5)
Bu, (6) Bud.
(i) Dur. B'd my Fahther gar'd us gan to bed, EGGLESTONE Betty
Podkin's Visit, 3. (a) Lan. Aw durstn't speighk, aw could bo'
look, HARLAND Lyrics (1866) 96; Lan.1 (3) Lan.1 (4) Lan.1,
e.Lan.1 s.Lan. Boh I could na see him (E.F.). (5) Lan. One con
bu thank yo, LAYCOCK Billy Armalage, 8. Der.1 (6) w.Ir. Bud
I'll say you're the cleverest fellow, LOVER Leg. (1848) I. 9. Nhb.
Bud it galls me sair, ROBSON Bk. Ruth (1860) i. 13. e.Yks.1
w.Yks. Sutha bud ! (JE.B.) ; w.Yks.1 Lan. I've hed things stown
afoor to-day, bud they'n generally bin things wi' feathers on,
BOWKER Tales (1882) 65. n.Lin.1
II. In dial. uses.
1. conj. Except, unless.
Sc. But ye maun read my riddle, . . . And but ye read them
right Gae stretch ye out and die, SCOTT Minstrelsy (1802) III. 32,
ed. 1848. w.Yks. God niwer sends maaths bud he sends meyt,
Prov. in Brighousc News (July 23, 1887). Chs.1 ; Chs.3 I'll leather
yow but yow do this.
2. Rather than not.
w.Yks. Very common in Keighley district (M.F.) ; I'll work my
finger nails off but we'll hev a nice hahse, CUDWORTH Dial. Sketches
(1884; 5.
BUT
[463]
BUT(T
3. Just, only, though ; used as an exclamation.
n.Ir. Used commonly (A.J.I.). Lou. It is but! — It isn't but!
(G.M.H.) w.Yks. Sitha but! (S.K.C.) ; Very common (M.F.).
4. adv. Almost, all but.
w.Yks. Common (M.F.). Der.2 He caw'd me but ev'ry thin'.
War. (J.R.W.), Som. (W.P.W.) w.Som.' Uur kyaal'd-n bud
uv'ureedhing. ' I thort a was a quiet sort of a man avore, but he
cuss'd, he damn'd, he call'd me but everything.' Very common as
above, but not used otherwise in this sense. s.Dev. (R.P.C.)
5. Nothing but, save ; only, alone.
Rxb. Though His help who but can save, RIDDELL Poet. Wks.
(1871) I. 33; The cruel will come where the kind but should be,
ib. II. 87. Som. (W.P.W.) w.Som.1 I ant a-'ad but a bit o' bread
since yes'day mornin'.
6. Verily, indeed, certainly ; often used redundantly to
give emphasis.
Abd. Gin I had him here, But he sud get his thuds, BEATTIES
Parings (1801) 28, ed. 1873. Lth. I wat but the carle was strappin
and gleg, BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 55. Der.2 Hey ! how hoo did
but syke [sigh]. n.Lin.1 I couldn't help but see. I couldn't but
get weet o' my feat.
7. In phr. (i) but and, besides, as well as, and ; (2) but
an if, if; (3) butgif, (4) butgin, but if; (5) but if, unless ;
(6) but just, only just, just this moment; (7) but little rather,
but a little while ago; (8) but now, just now, any time past
of the same day ; (9) butsomever, notwithstanding ; (ib)
but what, (a) still, and yet ; (b) but that, used with the
force of a negative ; (n) but why, but that ; (12) be done
or damned but, actually, really ; used as an exclamation.
(i) Sc. Fifteen ploughs but and a mill I'll gie thee till the day thou
die, HERD Coll. Sngs. (1776) II. 232 ; He shot them up, he shot
them down, The deer but and the rae, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads (1806)
I. 197. Slk. The rook but and the corbie crow, HOGG Queer Bk.
(1832) 33. Nhb. He has made a cleek but and a creel, DIXON
Sngs. Eng.Peas. (1846) 76; Between the Yule but and the Pasch,
RITSON N. Garl. (1810) Ecky's Mare ; Nhb.1 (2) w.Yks.2 (3, 4)
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) (5) e.Yks.1 Ah weeant gan,
bud-ifhe gansan-all [also]. (6) War.2 He's but just gone. s.Wor.
(H.K.) ; s.Wor.1, Hrf.2 (7) n.Dev. Tha cortst tha natted Yeo
now-reert or bet leetle rather, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. an. (8)
n.Wil. Isidunbutnow(E.H.G.). Dor. (A.C.) ; (W.C.) (9)s.Pem.
(W.M.M.) (10, a) Cum. Bit what, aa thought 'at aa'd russelt
many a hard fo' wid Will Cass, DICKINSON Tail for Joe (1866) 5.
(A) w.Yks. Ah nivver knew but what shoo wor gettin' on all reight
(S.K.C.). sw.Lin.1 (u) swAin.1 I don't know but why I am as
good as he. (12) Ir. They won't send you a bailiff with the writ ;
no, but it's by post it would come, be done but (G.M.H.X n.Ir.
(A. J.I.)
8. v. To hesitate, to raise a doubt.
w.Yks. If ahd been a lile bit yunger ah sud nivver hev buttid
a bit aboot hewin another chap, Nidderdill Olm. (1868); (B.K.)
BUT, see Bood.
BUT-AN-SPLIC, phr. n.Lan.1 A game played with
pins upon a hat, formerly very common in Furness.
BUTCH, sb. I.Ma. [but/.] A witch.
I.Ma. If the boys quarrelled with him at play, their first word
was ' your mother's a butch," CAINE Manxman (1895) pt. i. ii ; Not
common (T.E.B.).
[Manx buitsh, a witch, in Bible, Ex. xxii. 18.]
BUTCH, v. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Also
Som. Dev. Also written buch n.Yks.1 [but/.] To act
as or carry on the trade of a butcher ; to slaughter.
Sc. (JAM.), N.Cy.1 Cum. (J.Ar.); Cum.1 Wm. He oaways used tae
butch it his sel, WHEELER Dial. (1790) 40 ; Wm.1, n.Yks.1 w.Yks.
He can judge a cuto' meyt sin' he went to butch (S.K.C.) ; w.Yks.1
Lan.1 He use't to be a farmer, but he hutches neaw. ne.Lan.1
Hence (i) Butching, vbl. sb. butchering; the trade of
a butcher ; also used attrib. ; (2) Butching-book, sb. a
butcher's account-book ; (3) -knife, sb. a butcher's knife.
(i) Ayr. Sax thousand years are near-hand fled Sin' I waste the
hutching bred, BURNS Dr. Hornbook (1785) st. 13. Nhb.1 He's
started the butchin' business. Cum. One of our thrunters, or
three- winter-old ewes, sold to a man at Cockermouth for ' hutching,'
Cornh. Mag. (Oct. 1890) Hehellyn, 382. w.Som. Aay due's u lee'dl
tu beoch-egn, ELWORTHY Gram. (1877) 54 ; w.Som.1 This is an
exception to the usual rule as to trades, which is that the frequen-
tative flection -ing is added not to the verb, but to the verbal
noun. One of her boys is gwain taildering and tother beoch-een.
nw.Dev.1 (2) Wm. [She] never allowed you an inch in the butch-
ing-book, RAWNSLEY R emin. Wordsworth (1884) vi. (3) n.Lan. It's
varra lucky 'at I shou'd hev my butchin knife wi' ma, MORRIS
Lebby Beck Dobby (1867) 56.
BUTCHER, sb. and v. Var. dial, uses in Irel. and Eng.
Also Slang.
1. 56. In comb, (i) Butcher's bill, see -'s cleaver; (2)
-bird, (a) the missel thrush, Turdus viscivorus; (b) the
red-backed shrike, Lanius collurio; (3) -'s cleaver, the
constellation Ursa major, also the Pleiades ; (4) -'s guinea-
pigs, woodlice ; (5) -'s jelly, meat which is ' licked ' or
injured by the attack of warbles ; (6) -'s plums, meat.
(i) e.Yks.1 So called from the stars being grouped in the form
of a butcher's iron chopper, called a bill, MS. add. (T.H. ) w.Yks.
(J.W.) (a, a) Don. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 2. (A) War.3 Oxf.1
So called because it impales the bodies of insects and young birds
on branches near its nest, MS. add. Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad
Nrf. (1893) 43. Som. She found rare bird's eggs — a butcher-bird's
nest, RAYMOND Tryphena (1895) 22. (3) Not.1, Lei.1 Nhp.1 The
pale Night-waggon driving through the sky, And Butcher's Cleaver,
CLARE Shep. Cat. 3. War." (4) Wil.1 (5) Slang. The injured
meat, sometimes termed ' butcher's jelly,' has to be pared off to
render the rest of the carcase sightly, Standard (Sept. 24, 1889) 3,
col. i. (6) e.Dur.1 'Who lives next door? ' 'The butcher. That's
where we get our butcher's plums.' Only heard once.
2. A slop-master.
Lon. A first-rate artisan . . . reduced in the world by the under-
selling of slop-masters (called ' butchers ' or ' slaughterers,' by the
workmen in the trade), MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) II. 114, ed.
1861.
3. The parten or shore crab, Carcinus moenas. N.I.1
4. The stickleback, Gasterosteus trachurus. e.Dur.1
B. v. To slaughter animals as a butcher does.
nXin.1 He's butchered that sheap real well.
Hence Butchering, vbl. sb. the business of a butcher.
n.Lin.1 He was a farmer, but he's taken to butchering.
BUTHERY, see Bour-tree.
BUTLAND, s*.1 Chs. e.Cy. Waste land, a narrow
strip of waste ground. See But(t, sb*
Chs.13 e.Cy. Trans. Phil. Soc. (1858) 150. [Not known to our
correspondents.]
BUTLAND, sb? e.An. Land set apart for butts at
which to practise archery.
e.An.12 w.Nrf. The narrow strip of land which was used in
ancient times for a ' butland ' (or ground where our village youths
used to practise archery), ORTON Beeston Ghost (1884) 7.
BUTLER, sb. Nhb. A woman who keeps a bachelor's
house ; a housekeeper.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 'Cook, slut, and butler,' a common expression
applied to a person who does all the turns-of work in a house.
BUTLIN, sb. S. & Ork.1 Part of the intestines of a
sheep.
BUTMENT, sb. Glo.1 The base or foundation ot a
building.
BUT-MOUND, sb. Wm. A raised path or cartway
leading to a barn-door.
Wm. We sat on t'but-mound wo" fer an hoor er tweea an' gat
wer bacca (B. K.).
BUT(T, sb.1 Nhb. Yks. Lin. e.An. Ken. Any flat fish,
esp. (a) the halibut, Hippoglossus vulgaris; (b) the flounder,
Pleuronectes flesus.
(a) Nhb.1 n.Yks.1 Quite common in this district. (b) Lin.
BROOKE Tracts, 4. n.Lin.1, e.An.1 Nrf. Flat fish [are] locally called
' butts, 'JARROLD Guide to Cramer, 38 ; Some good catches of ' butts,'
or flounders, are now being taken in purse-nets, East. Dy. Press
(Oct. 2, 1894); Nrf.1 Ken. (P.M.); Ken.1 At Margate they call
turbots ' butts.' [SATCHELL (1879).]
[Bremen dial, butt, bntte, ' rhombus, passer marinus '
(Wtbch.}.}
BUT(T, sb? Var. dial, uses in Irel. and Eng.
L The lower part of the trunk of a timber-tree ; the
stump or root of a tree after it has been thrown.
Midi. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796). Nhp.1, War. (J.R.W.),
Shr.1, Hrf.1 Sur. Mrs. L. had them butts put in to grow things on,
N. &> Q. (1878) sth S. x. 222. Som. W. & J. GI. (1873).
2. An esculent root, such as turnips, carrots, &c.
Hence But, v. to form esculent roots.
Shr.1 ' Yore garrits an' inions looken well.' ' Aye, but I doubt
they bin on'y toppy ; I dunna think as they bin buttin' well.'
BUT(T
[464]
BUTT
3. A buttock of beef.
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825). Cor. Monthly Mag.
(1808) II. 544; Cor.1 2
4. The posterior, buttocks.
n.Wm. This shirt doesn't cover mi but (B.K.).
5. Part of the shoulder of a pig. w.Yks.2
[1. Sw. dial, butt, a little stump (RiExz) ; so Norw. dial.
(AASEN).]
BUT(T, sb.a Sc. Irel. Cum. Yks. Lin. Hmp. Dor.
Som.
1. Ground appropriated for practising archery ; earthen
mounds used for archery practice. See Rutland.
Sc. (JAM.), Cum.1, n.Yks.2
2. The distance between a player and the goal or target.
Lth. ' Marbles ' was entirely a boys' game from the Ring, Winny,
or Funny, with its hail- [whole] butt and half-butt, STRATHESK
More Bits (ed 1885) 33. Gall. The sheep-house, which is three
or four pair of butts distant, NICHOLSON Hist. Tales (1843) ai.
3. Comp. Butt-hills, mounds which have been used for
butts in archery, frequently barrows. n.Lin.1
4. The mark or boundary line from which to start in
running or jumping. Cf. bittas.
s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890).
5. A sepulchral barrow in the New Forest.
Hmp. WISE New Forest (1883) 197.
6. A bunch, obtuse lump, esp. in comp. Emmet-but, an
ant-hill or heap.
Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863) ; The common name for the lumps
raised by ants or emmets. ' Throwing the emmet-butts ' is the
term applied to levelling them down (O.P.C.). m.Som. (C.V.G.)
[Fr. butte, ' petite Eminence de terre ' (HATZFELD).]
BUTfT, sb* Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also
written batt N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 I.W.2
1. A ridge or ' land ' lying between two furrows.
Lan. Laying down land in small ridges, called butts, Reports
Agric. (1793-1813). Chs. (E.F.) ; MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863) ;
Chs.13, S.C11S.1, Shr.i
2. Comp. Butt-rigg, a ridge. Sc. (JAM.)
3. Narrow detached strips of land abutting on a boundary ;
short ridges of land of unequal length, often at right angles
to the other ridges in the field. Cf. balk, sb.1 I ; bat, sb.1
in. 3, 4.
Abd. [He] Hv'd a thrivin' man, And till'd some scanty buts o'
Ian', COCK Simple Strains (1810) I. 136. N.Cy.1 Nhb. Occasion-
ally they appear to have been small plots which had been brought
under cultivation after the adjoining land, and therefore intruded
on the general plan of the township ; but gen. they abutted
either on the boundary of the township or upon a road (R.O.H.) ;
Nhb.1 Where the strips abruptly meet others, or abut upon a
boundary at right angles, they are sometimes called butts, SEEBOHM
Eng. Vill. Community, 6. Dur. RAINE Charters (1837) 98; Dur.1
Cum., Wm. Also called Buttings (M.P.). Wm.1, n.Yks.1 e.Yks.
There is also belonginge to the Demaines three buttes, BEST
Rur. Econ. (1641) 41. w.Yks. CUDWORTH Hist. Manningham
(1896) 6 ; Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Feb. 14, 1885) 8 ; w.Yks.1 2 Chs.
Farm-yard dung is frequently mixed with the furrows drawn
from between the butts of pasture land, MARSHALL Review (1818)
II. 25. n.Lin.1, Rut.1, Lei.1 Oxf. The ' Butts ' known as ' Blen-
cow's Butts ' were at the nw. of the village [of Kidlington]. The
word Butt was sometimes used for the ends and corners of lands,
STAPLETON Three Oxf. Parishes (1893) 124. Hrt. Ground which,
being open field-land, lies in buts of grass, ELLIS Mod. Hush.
(1750) III. i. I.W.2 Som. You must make a butt there (W.F.R.).
4. Border, boundary, in phr. butts and bounds, the borders
of a person's estate.
Sus. Heard very rarely (E.E.S.). e.Sus. HOLLOWAY.
5. A small piece of ground disjoined in any way from
adjacent land ; a small enclosure of land.
Sc. A small parcel of land is often called ' butts ' (JAM.).
n.Yks.2, Hmp.1 Hmp., I.W. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (S.) I.W.
I was climbing the shoot at the side of the butt, MONCRIEFF Dream
in Gent. Mag. (1863) ; I.W.12
6. Low flat land adjoining the river-banks.
N.Cy.1, n-Yks.1
[1. That other rigg or butt of land . . . lyand in the ffield
called the Gallowbank, Acts Ch. II, ed. 1814, VIII. 295
UAM.).]
BUT(T, sb? and v1 Irel. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Stf.
Rut. Lei. War. Wor. Sus. Som. Dev. Cor. Also in form
bat Wor.
1. sb. The end of anything, esp. the end of a sheaf of corn
opposite to that in which the grain is situated.
Crl. The end of a hayrick would be 'a butt of a rick' (J.F.M.ff.).
Wm. Them shavs hev a lot o' clover i' t'butt (B.K.). Lan. To
admit the sheaf to stand upon its butt or bottom end, MARSHALL
Review (1808) I. 304. War.8 Wor. Placing the sheaves into
small wind-ricks with the crops of corn in the centre and all the
bats inclining outwards, Eveskam Jrn. (Oct. 10, 1896).
Hence (i) Buttings, vbl. sb. single sheaves of corn
reared on the butt ends to dry ; (2) Butt-welt, v. to turn
the bottom end of corn up to the sun and wind to dry.
(i) n.Wm. (B.K.) (a) Cum.1, n.Wm. (B.K.)
2. The last inch or so of a cigar, usually thrown away.
See Bat, sb.1 m. 1.
Ir. Will yer honor give me the butt? Paddiana (1848) I. 335.
3. A hedge. Also used attrib. in butt-hedge.
w.Som.1 Not confined to a boundary hedge. A farmer rabbiting
said : Aa-1 waurn dhur-z waun een dhik dhae'ur buut [I will
warrant there is one in that there hedge]. Dev. Reports Provinc.
(1886) 92.
4. Comp. But-gap, a hedge of pitched turf.
e.Cor. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Cor.12
5. v. To abut, border on, adjoin.
w.Yks.1, Stf.2, Rut.1, Lei.1 War.3 It's the first house that buts
on the road. e.Sus. HOLLOWAY.
BUTT, sb.e Wmh. In phr. the butt of the wind, the
'wind's eye,' the point from which it conies. (W.M.)
BUT(T, sbJ Sc. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Chs.
1. A hide of sole leather made of the best cow or ox
hides, and usually rolled up into bales like a cylinder.
Nhb. Commonly called Crop-butts (R.O.H.). n.Wm. (B.K.),
w.Yks.1, Chs.1 [N. & Q. (1886) 7th S. i. 133.]
2. Those parts of the tanned hides of horses which are
under the crupper. Sc. (JAM.)
BUTT, sb* Irel. Som. Dev. Cor.
1. A heavy two-wheeled cart made to tip.
Lim. A kind of coverless box 12 ins. or so in depth. He had
a butt full of sand (P.W.J.). Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1
Used chiefly for carrying manure, and hence very commonly
called a duung-buut. In local advertisements of sales it is usually
spelt ' putt.' Dev.3 n.Dev. Mus' kiss tha velly o' tha butt, ROCK
Jim an' Nell (1867) St. 36. nw.Dev.1 w.Dev. MARSHALL Rur.
Econ. (1796). Cor. All the cotches, the wains, and the butts,
J. TRENOODLE Spec. Dial. (1846) 20 ; Cor.12
Hence Butty, adj. resembling a butt or heavy cart.
Dev. Speaking of a carriage : ' Shall it be a giggy thing, or
a carty thing, or a butty thing ? ' N. & Q. (1879) 5th S. xi. 472.
2. Comp. Butt-load, a cart-load, about 18 cwt.
w.Dev. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796). Cor. They used to be
sold for about 95. or IDS. a butt-load, MARSHALL Review (1817)
V. 540.
3. A cart with three wheels, resembling a wheelbarrow
in shape.
w.Som.1 A druug-buut or dree'wil-buut, with three low wheels,
two of which take the place of the legs of a wheelbarrow. This
is drawn by one horse in chains, and the ' druug ' is a very simple,
self-acting break contrived with the chain to which the horse is
attached. Dev. Here are also three-wheel butts, with barrow
handles, drawn by one horse, COOKE Devon, 52. n.Dev. It has
two long handles like the handles of a plough, projecting behind
for the purposes of guiding it, M &• Q. (1854) ist S. ix. 45.
[OCor. butt, a dung-cart (WILLIAMS) ; cp. Wei. bwt,
a dung-cart (S. EVANS).]
BUTT, sb.9 Wil. Dor. Som. Dev.
1. A kneeling cushion or hassock used in churches.
w.Cy. N. & Q. (1890) 7th S. x. 146. Wil. (K.M.G.) Dor.1
Som. SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885). Dev. HEWETT Peas. Sp.
(1892).
2. Comp. Butt-woman, a sextoness, female verger or
pew-opener.
w.Cy. ./V. & Q. (1890) 7th S. x. 146. Dev. Also called Butty-
woman. In many churches a woman is employed to keep the
interior of the edifice clean . . . and beat the butts. At quiet
weddings she gives away, the bride and signs the register, and
often stands sponsor at christenings, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892).
BUT(T
[465]
BUTTER
BUT(T, sb.10 Som. Dev. Cor.
1. A straw bee-hive.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 Dhu bee-z bee zwaur-meen,
un wee aa'n u beet uv u buut vur tu puut- um ee-n. Dev. Rub
tha bee-butts wi' zome bayne-stalks, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) 51.
n.Dev. GROSE (1790). Cor.123
2. A hive or swarm of bees.
w.Som.1 Tau-k ! uurd tauk u buut u bee'z tu dath.% uur wid
[she would talk a swarm of bees to death, she would]. Very
common. Dev.1 Aunt Madge hath a promised me a butt o'
bees, 47.
[1. OCor. butt, a bee-hive (WILLIAMS).]
BUT(T, sb.11 GIo. Som. Dev. A basket or trap of
a conical shape used for catching salmon.
Glo. These baskets are called putts or butts, SEEBOHM Eng. Vill.
Community (1883) 152. Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ;
W. & J. Gl. (1873') ; A knaw'd well how ta make buts, JENNINGS
Dial. w.Eng. (1869) 124. Dev.1
[Wei. bwt, a kind of basket to place in the stream to
catch fish (S. EVANS).]
BUTT, sb.13 Som. A guard worn on the left hand at
cudgel-playing or singlestick, consisting of a small, half-
round basket, having a stick thrust through it.
w.Som.1 Sometimes the butt is merely an improvised padding of
cloth, or a garment wrapped round the arm. When about to play
a bout it is usual to say, ' Keep aup yur buut, un Gaud prai'zaa-rv
yur uysait.' So ' keep up your butt ' is a very favourite Jig.
expression for ' be on your guard.'
BUT(T, sb.la and adv. Yks. Chs. Wor. Dev. Amer.
1. sb. Momentum, force. Cf. bat, sb.1, birr, sb.
s.Chs.1 Oo kiim in ut sich' & but [Hoo come in at sich a but].
2. adv. Suddenly, with violence ; face to face.
e.Yks. NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889). ne.Wor. He ran full butt
against me (J.W.P.). Dev. As I was gwain round the cornder,
I mit'n full butt (R.P.C.). n.Dev. ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) Gl.
[Amer. I go full buttfer Libbaty's diffusion, LOWELL Biglow (1848)
127.]
[ffulle butt in the frunt ... he hittej, Morte Arth. (c. 1420)
ma, ed. Brock, 33.]
BUTT, v? Sc. Ir. Wm.
1. To knock or push anything into position with a rough
blow or push.
Wm. Butt that streea aroond t'taty heep wi' thi speead back, ta
keep t'frost oot (B.K.).
2. In curling : to drive at a stone or stones lying near
the mark, so as if possible to push them out of the way.
Per. Come buttin up here (G.W.). Gall. JAM.) Kcb. Ralph,
vexed at the fruitless play, The cockee butted fast, DAVIDSON
Seasons (1789) 167 («'&.).
3. Fig. to butt at, to hint at. N.I.1
BUTTAL, sb.1 Chs., e. and s. counties. Written buttle
e.An.1 Suf.1
1. The bittern, Botaurus stellaris. Also called Bottle-,
Butter-bump (q.v.).
Chs.3 s. & e.Cy. RAY (1691). e-An.1, Suf.1 s.Cy. GROSE
(1790). Sns. (K.) [SWAINSON Birds (1885) 146.]
2. Comp. Buttle-blow, the note or cry of the bittern. Suf.1
BUTTAL, sb.2 Obs. Lin. Som. That part of un-
enclosed land which abuts on another property. See
Butt, si." 3.
n.Lln.1 O65. The buttalls and boundaries thereof, Lease of Brumby
Warren (1628). Som. Quantities and contents, situation, buttals
and boundaries of the same, Worle Enclosure Act (1802) ; (W.F.R.)
BUTTEN, />n#. Obs. Sc. Without. See Bout, But.
Fif. Butten jeopardie, nae wicht Could stand that lauchter-lowin'
sicht, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 28.
BUTTER, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
1. Comp. (i) Butter -badger, a dealer in butter; an
itinerant tradesman who collects butter from the farms
to sell at the market ; see Badger, sb.1; (2) -bakes, butter-
biscuits ; (3) -basin, a large wooden bowl to work or
make butter in; (4) -bit, the small strainer in which
each pound of butter is wrapped when ready for market ;
(5) -brass, see -money ; (6) -cake, a slice of bread spread
with butter ; (7) -clocks, small pieces of butter floating
on the top of milk ; (8) -crock, an earthen vessel or jar
for holding butter ; (9) -cross, a market cross in villages
VOL, I.
where butter, &c., was sold on market days; (10) -cup,
a small wooden cup used for rounding the bottom of a pat
of butter; (n) -fingered, unable to hold hot articles,
having tender fingers; (12) -fingers, a name given to
those who cannot hold hot substances in their hands;
(13) -firkin, a cask holding 56 Ibs. of butter; (14) -fish,
the fish Blennius Gunnellus ; (15) -gob, a large front
tooth ; (16) -kits, square boxes for carrying butter to
market on horseback; (17) -kiver, (18) -mit, a tub for
washing newly made butter; (19) -money, the money
which the farmer's wife makes from the sale of butter,
eggs, &c., which is gen. her perquisite ; (20) -mowt,
a butterfly; (21) -penny, a penny for placing on the
scale with the 'pundstan' (q.v.) in weighing butter; (22)
-print, (23) -runners, the block used in stamping butter
when ready for market ; (24) -salt, a fine boiled salt, not
stoved, used esp. for making up butter ; (25) -saps, see
-sops; (26) -scot, butterscotch, toffee; (27) -shag, (28)
-shive, a slice of bread and butter ; (29) -sleep, a round
straw box or basket with a lid, in which butter is packed
for market ; (30) -slate, a slab of slate kept in the dairy
for holding butter; (31) -sops, oatcake or wheaten bread
soaked or Tried in melted butter and sugar, gen. provided
at a child's birth or christening ; (32) -spot, a freckle ;
(33) -stope, a vessel or firkin for holding butter ; (34)
-teeth, the upper front teeth ; broad, yellow teeth ; (35)
-tubs, holes in mountain limestone districts into which
streams disappear ; (36) -wife, a woman who sells butter.
(i) Wm.1, n.Yks.2 (2) Lth. Feedin' them wi' butter-bakes,
Snaps an' sugar-bools, SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 24. Edb. A
tumbler of strong beer and two butter-bakes, MOIR Mansie Wauch
(1828) xxi. (3) nw.Der.1 (4) Nhp.1 (5) Cum.3 She's thrimlin'
for her butter-brass, 25 [see also s.v. Brass]. (6) Wm.1 w.Yks.
' Na thank you ' has lost many a gooid butter-cake, Prov. in Brig-
house News (July 23, 1887); w.Yks.12 Lan. Th" yungest chilt
wur cryin' for a butthurcake, BRIERLEY Day Out (1859) '9 ! Lan.1
Aw remember thi mother ga' mo a traycle butter-cake, WAUGH
Besom Ben (1866) 43. ne.Lan.1 Chs. The child asked for a
buttercake. The father cut the bread without speaking and handed
it to his wife, who spread the butter, Chs. N. & Q. (1883) III. 80.
nw.Der.1 (7) Rxb. QAM.) (8) Dev., Cor. Monthly Mag. (1810) I.
433- (9) w.Yks. When aw coom to th' buttercross aw saw a chap
'at had a cock an two hens in a basket, HARTLEY Clock Aim.
(1877)41. (lo)Chs.1 (n) w.Yks.12*, e-An.1 (12) e.Yks.1 w.Yks.s
One who can't take a heated tin or vessel out of the oven without
the aid of a cloth, is pushed aside with the words, ' Gehr art o'
t'waay butter-fing-ers ! ' e.Lan.1 (13) n.Yks. Ash timber ... is
particularly valuable . . . for the purpose of making butter-firkins,
TUKE Agric. (1800) 188. \Gl. Lab. (1894).] (14) Sus. (F.E.S.)
Cor. What your Cornish Butterfish is I know not, RAY Carres.
(1677) 128. [SATCHELL (1879).] (15) nXin.1 (16) Cum. Now
joggan to market on butter-kits two, DICKINSON Cumbr. (1875)
222; Cum.1 (17) Glo.1 (18) Shr.1 (19) Chs.1, n.Lin.1, War.3
Shr.1 Things wenten very low i' the market to-day, Missis; I
hanna brought yo' much butter-money. (20) Chs.1 (21) n.Yks.2
The practice among country matrons of giving their daughters
on the wedding day a 'butter penny' for placing on the scale
along with the ' pundstan,' that customers may never have to com-
plain of hard weight (s.v. Pundstan). (22) Lan. A face as wrinkled
as a butter-print, BRIERLEY Cotters, iii. e.Lan.1 (23) n.Yks. Run
t'butter ower wi' t'butter-runners (I.W.). (24) Chs.1 (25! Fif.
AT. & Q. (1870) 4th S. vi. 424. e.Fif. A hearty sook o' the butter-
saps, LATTO Tarn Bodkin (1864) ii. (26) n.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 (27)
Cum. But gie them furst a butter-shag, ANDERSON Ballads (1805)
34, ed. 1808; Gl. (1851). Wm. His deeam . . . gemma sick buttre
shaggs baarn, an o macks a things it wes good, Spec. Dial. (1885)
pt. iii. 14. w.Yks. A buttershag reddy for thee, BLACKAH Poems
(1867)26. nXan.1, ne.Lan.1 (28) w.Yks. (G.H.); w.Yks.3 There's
neer been no gooid doins since thumb buttershauvs went daan.
(29) n.Yks.2 w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 23, 1892). (30)
Cum.1 (31) Cum. How we least on cruds, collops, and guid butter
sops, ANDERSON Ballads (1805) 39. Cum., Wm. (M.P.) Wm.1
(32) Mid. A few butter-spots upon his cheeks, BLACKMORE Kit
(1890) II. xx. Sus. Not common (E.E.S.). (33) [(K.)] (34)
w.Yks.2, e-Lan.1, Stf.1, nw.Der.1, Nhp.1, e-An.1, Nrf.1 Sus., Hmp.
HOLLOWAY. Hmp.1, Wil.1 w.Som.1 Droa-d-n rai-t aewt-n dhu
roa'ud-n aa't aewt tue'-v liz buad'r-tai'dh [pitched him right out
into the road, and knocked out two of his butter- teeth]. (35)
Yks. WOODWARD Geol. Eng. and Wales (1876) 345. (36) Frf. The
30
BUTTER
[466]
BUTTERFLY
stones on which the butter-wives sat have disappeared, BARRIE
Minister (1891^, v. N.Cy.1
2. Comp. in plant-names: (i) Butter-basket, Trollius
europaeus, globe flower ; (2) -bleb or -blob, Caltha
palustris, marsh marigold ; (3) -bump, (a) common
Ranunculus or buttercup ; (b) see -basket ; (4) -burn
or -burr, (a) Petasites vulgaris, bog rhubarb ; (b) Tussilago
farfara, colt's-foot ; (5) -churn, (6) -creeses, common
Ranunculus; (7) -daisy, (a) common Ranunculus; (b)
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, large ox-eye daisy; (8)
•dock, (a) Rumex obtusifolius, broad-leaved dock ; (b)
Arctium lappa, burdock; (9) -dockin, (a) see -dock;
(b) Rumex alpinus, monk's rhubarb ; (-10) -flower, (a) see
-bump (a) ; (b) see -bleb ; (n) -haws, Crataegus oxyacantha,
common hawthorn ; (12) -jags, Lotus corniculatus, bird's-
foot trefoil; (13) -leaves, the leaves of van plants used for
packing butter, esp. (a) Atriplex hortensis; (b) Rumex
alpinus; (c) Beta cicla; (14) -pats, the fruit of Viola
sylvatica, wood violet ; (15) -plate, Ranunculus flammula,
spearwort ; (16) -pumps, the seed-vessels of Nuphar
lutea, yellow water-lily; (17) -root, Pinguicula vulgaris,
common butterwort ; (18) -rose, (a) Ranunculus acris,
buttercup ; (b) Primula vulgaris, common primrose ; (19)
•twitch, Avena elatior.
(i) w.Yks. (2) e.Yks. (W.W.S.), w.Yks. (3, a) n.Yks. The
children brought in some butter-cups, and Susey seeing them cried
out, ' What bonny booter-boomps,' FETHERSTON Stnuggins Family,
38. m.Yks.1 ;A) n.Yks. (4, a) n.Bck.. Cmb., s.Eng. (b) w.Yks.
Used for making cleat wine (J.T.X (5) War.3 (6) Bck. Science
Gossip (1869^ 30. (7, a] s.Bck. (6) Dor. BARNES GI. (1863!;
Called 'London Daisy' in the neighbourhood of Broadwindsor
(C.W.). (8, a^ Chs.1, Cor.3 (A) Cor.1* (9,a)Lakel. (A) Cum.
(10, a) Der.1 Hrt. ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) IV. i. (61 Wil.1
The watered meadows, at the later end of April, are yellow with
butter flowers, AUBREY Nat. Hist. 51, ed. 1847. (n) Nrf. (12)
n.Cy. (K.); N.Cy.2 (13, a) Glo. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1789^;
Gl. (1851) ; Glo.1 (6) Cum.1 (c) Shr.1 Sometimes the Sicilian
beet (Beta cicla) is cultivated expressly for the sake of its long, cool,
green butter-leaves. (14) Lan. Science Gossip (1882) 164. (15)
Nhb.1 (16) Dor. (,C.W.) (17) Yks. (18, a) Dev.4 (b) n.Dev.
Sweet butter-rosems, gooly-cups, ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st.
49. Dev.4 (19) Cum.
3. In phr. (i) butter and bear-caff, flattery, nonsense ; (2)
— and bread, (a) bread and butter ; (b) the plant Crataegus
oxyacantha ; see Bread and Cheese ; (3) — and cake,
bread and butter ; (4) — and eggs, (a) the pace of a horse
between a trot and a canter ; (b) a method of sliding
which consists in going down the slide on one foot and
beating with the heel and toe of the other, at intervals ;
(5) -my-eye, a butterfly ; (6) — in the black dog's house, said
of anything irrecoverable ; see Black, adj. II. 5 ; (7) — in
the gulls, said of anything that is sure to be discovered,
found out ; (8) to agree like butter and metis, said of people
who do not agree or get on together ; (9) butter to butter
is no kitchen, see below; (10) to get butter out of a dog's
throat, to attempt a difficult or impossible task; cf. (6);
(n) to put butler on bacon, to attempt to improve a thing
which is already perfect ; (12) butter goes mad twice in the
year, in summer it runs away, and in winter is too hard
and dear.
(i) Sc. It's a' butter and bear-caff (JAM.). (2, a) Sc. Monthly
MaS- C1 798) II- 435- Dur.1 Butter and brede. Cheese and brede. (b)
n.Yks. (3) Yks. She browt me an egg, an' two lile bits o' butther-
an-caake(F.P.T). (4, a) n.Lln.1 (b) Wil. I can do butter-and-eggs
all down the slide (G.E.D.). (5) War.2 (6) Sc. Had Dustansnivel
ken'd it was there, it wad hae been butter in the black dog's
hause, SCOTT Antiquary (1816) xxxviii. (7) n.Yks. Butter put in a
hole in the centre of a plate of hot gulls [hasty pudding] is sure to
find its way out. Hence the figure, ' Murder will oot, like t'butter
i't'gulls' (W.H.). (8) Sc. KELLY Prov. (1721) 323 (JAM.). (9)
Ant. Remark made if two girls are walking together, meaning that
each would prefer the companionship of a sweetheart, Ballymena
Obs. (1892). (10) w.Yks. (S.K.C.) (nl Ken. (P.M.) (12) N.I.1
BUTTER, v. Sc. Irel. Lan. Lin. Mid. Sus. Som.
Slang.
1. To coax, flatter, 'soft-soap.' Gen. used with prep.
over, up, or down.
Sc. (JAM.) Frf. She's dependent on Jeames, so she has to
butter up at 'im, BARRIE Thrums (1889) xul- ^r- He first butthers
them up, LEVER H. Lorrequer (1839) xii. n.Lin.1 He butter'd her
doon so wi' talkin' to her aboot her bairns. It's noaewse butterin'
on me up i' this how, bairn. Mid. An old stupe like that can be
buttered up to anything, BLACKMORE Kit (1890) III. i. w.Som.1
We never say ' butter up ' or ' butter down.' You knows the way
to buad'r oa'vur the paa'sn, don'ee now?
Hence Buttering, vbl. sb. flattery. Sc. (JAM.)
2. In phr. (i) Butler my wig, a strong asseveration ; (2)
I'll be buttered, an exclamation of surprise.
(i) Sus.1 No I wunt ; butter my wig if I will ! (2) Lan. Aw'l
be butter't iv e didn't say as that "ud do noane, fur e mun ha' six-
punze moore, ORMEROD Felleyfro Rachde (1851) i.
BUTTER-AND-EGGS, sb. Var. flowers which are of
two shades of yellow, (i) Narcissus pseudo-narcissus,
common daifodil (Nhp.1 Som. Dev.); (2) van species of
Narcissus, esp. N. incomparabilis (Lan. War.3 Sur. Wil.
Dev. Cor.12), N. biflorens (Dev.), N. poeticus (Dev. Cor.) ;
(3) Lotus corniculatus, bird's-foot trefoil (Cum. War. Sus.) ;
(4) Linaria vulgaris, yellow toadflax (Cum.1 Yks. Wor.
Glo.1 n.Bck. Ess. Ken. Sus. Wil.1 Dor. Som. Dev.4) ; (5)
Leucojum vernum (Dor.) ; (6) 7ns pseudacorus (Nhp. Oxf.
Bck.) ; (7) a variety of the primrose having a double
calyx, growing one out of the other (w.Som.1).
(i) Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825). w.Som.1 (2)
n.Dev. Lent-roses, withy-wind, butter'n eggs, ROCK Jim an' Nell
(1867)51.50. Dev.3 (3) Sus.1 s.v. Shoes and Stockings. (4) Dor.
BARNES Gl. ( 1863) ; (C.W.) Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1
(5) Dor. (C.W.)
BUTTER-BUMP, sb. Cumi Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Lin.
Also in form bitter-bump Cum.1 Lan.1 Chs.13 [bu-tar-,
bu'ta-bump.] The bittern, Botaurus stellaris. Also called
Mire-drum.
Cum.1, n. Yks.2 e.Yks. MARSH ALL Rur. Econ. (1788) ; When the
butther bumps cry, Summer is nigh, Flk-rhyme, NICHOLSON Flk-
Lore (1890) 132 ; e.Yks.1 w.Yks. There'll either be rain or else
summut waur, When Butter Bumps sing upon Potteric Carr,
Zoologist (Feb. 1869) ; SWAINSON Birds (1885) 147. Lan. Conno
tell a bitter bump fro a gillhooter, TIM BOBBIN View Dial. (1740) 2 ;
Lan.1, Chs.13 Der.1 But-flr-bump. Lin. Moast loike a butter-
bump, fur I 'eerd 'urn aboot an' aboot, TENNYSON N. Farmer, Old
Style (1864) st. 8. n.Lln.1 s.Lin. Ah heer'd the butter-bumps
boomin'. and the craans cronk-cronkin' (T.H.R.). [' I knew a man
of very high dignity,' says Sir Humphrey Davy, . . . ' who never
went out shooting without a bittern's claw fastened to his button-
hole by a riband, which he thought insured him " good luck," '
SWAINSON Birds (1885) 147.]
[Butter-bump, Onocrotalus avis, SKINNER (1671).]
BUTTERCUP, sb. (i) Var. species of Ranunculus,
esp. (a) R. ficaria, lesser celandine (Cum. w.Yks.1 Chs.
War. Glo.1 Bck. Suf. Sus. Wil. Dev.4) ; (b) R. auricomus
(Sus.); (2) Caltha palustris, marsh marigold (Dev.4) ; (3)
Potentilla anserina (s.Bck.).
( i, a) Wil.1 At Huish, all other varieties of Crowfoot being
' Crazies.'
BUTTERED, ppl. adj. Irel. Cum. Yks. Nhp. Shr. In
comb, (i) Buttered ale, ale boiled with sugar, butter,
spice, and eggs ; (2) — claret, claret boiled with butter,
sugar, spice, &c. ; (3) — eggs, the plant Lotus corniculatus;
(4) — faggot, see below ; (5) — haycocks, the toadflax,
Linaria vulgaris ; (6) — white wine, see — claret.
(i) Nhp.1 If a little gin is added, it is called Hot-pot Shr.1
Said to be an excellent specific for cold. It is made thus : boil
a pint of ale with a lump of butter in it, beat up two eggs with
sugar and spices, pour the boiling ale upon the eggs, stirring
briskly ; Shr.2 (2) Ir. Buttered claret was then a favourite
beverage, BARRINGTON Sketches (1830) I. iv. (3) Cum. (4) Nhp.2
He that must eat a buttered faggot let him go to Northampton,
Prov. (5) Yks. (6) Ir. Nourished by a tumbler of buttered white
wine, BARRINGTON Sketches (1830) I. viii.
BUTTERFLY, sb. Yks. Chs. War. [bu'ta'flai, -fli.]
1. In comp. (i) Butterfly-cabmen, cabmen who drive
only during the best season of the year, and for the
remaining nine months follow another calling ; (2)
•shooter, a volunteer, member of a rifle-corps.
(i) [_Gl. Lab. (1894).] (2) War.2
BUTTERIE
[467]
BUTTON
2. A small patch or speck of cotton in material, which
has not taken the dye on account of 'snarls.' w.Yks.
(J.G.)
3. pi. The small patches of salt which float on the top
when the ' set ' on a pan becomes broken.
Chs.1 In bay-salt making, the salt at times forms small flakes or
collections of light crystals, which are also called butterflies.
BUTTERIE, sb. Nhb.1 [bu'tari, tirtri.] The sand-
martin, Cott'le riparia. Cf. bank-martin.
BUTTERMILK, sb. Chs. War. In cotnp. (i) Butter-
milk-cake, cake raised by mixing buttermilk and carbonate
of soda ; (2) -can, the long-tailed tit, Acredula rosea ; (3)
•man, an opprobrious term for a trooper of the Cheshire
Yeomanry ; (4) -wedding, a wedding at which no ' ball-
money ' (q.v.) is distributed.
(i) Chs.1 They are frequently split and buttered whilst hot from
the baking, or they may be left to go cold, and be eaten like
ordinary bread. (a) War.2 (3) Chs.1 (4) Chs. In Knutsford it
has been customary to throw money to the boys who follow the
bridal party from the church, and if this is omitted or forgotten,
the youngsters shout ' a buttermilk wedding,' Wit anil Wisdom
(Aug. 1889) 162; Chs.13
BUTTERY, sb. Obs. or obsol. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der.
Nhp. Shr. Brks. e.An. Hmp. Wil. Dor. Written buttry
Nhp.2 Brks.1 Suf.1 Wil.1
1. A pantry, larder.
n.Yks.2 Lan. Nought i' th' buttery but pork, FRANCIS Daughter
of Soil (1895) 173. m.Lan.1 Trust a payson for nod knowing wod
a buttery is. s.Lan. BAMFORD Dial. (1850). Chs.1 Still in use at
Hyde. s.Chs.1 But'uri no longer freq. nw.Der.1, Nhp.2, Shr.1,
Brks.1, e.An.1 2 Suf. Used by the old only (F.H.); Suf.1, Ess.
(W.W.S.), Hmp.1 Wil. BRITTON Beauties (1835) ; Wil.1 Obsol.
Dor. The ravenous appetites engendered by the exercise causing
immense havoc in the buttery, HARDY Wess. Tales (1888) I. 9.
2. Comp. (i) Buttery-entry, the common pansy, Viola
tricolor; (2) -hack, a buttery hatch or half door, through
which provisions were passed.
(i) Der. The pansy rejoices in a considerable number of en-
dearing names : amongst these names is found ' Meet her i' entry,
kiss her i' buttery," of which the above seems to be a contraction.
(2) e.An.a
3. In phr. cuddling- in the buttery, cupboard love.
Shr.1 Theer's a power too much cuddlin i' the buttery gwei'n on.
[Promptarius, a spence, or butterie, COOPER (1565) s.v.
Promptuarius.]
BUTTERY, adj. Irel. Cor. In comb, (i) Buttery
broth, boiling water poured on bread, seasoned with
salt, pepper, butter, and sometimes the green tops of
spring onions ; (a) — fingers, a term applied to a person
who lets things slip from the fingers, esp. any hot article.
(i) Cor. Elder tay, or butteray broth, THOMAS Aunt Kesziah, v.
(2) N.I.r Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892).
BUTTING-IRON, sb. Shr.12 An implement used in
peeling the bark off trees.
BUTTLE, sb. Sc. A sheaf, bundle of corn. See
Bottle, sb.2
Ayr. An' 'hint a" the shearers, wi' Peggie I bindit the buttles o'
grain, PICKEN Poems (1813) I. 193 (JAM.). Ayr., Lth. In common
use (J.F.).
BUTTLE, v. Yks. Lan. Der. [bu-tl.J To pour out
drink and hand it round.
w.Yks. Coom lad, buttle that drink eawt, wilta (D.L.) ; 'All
reight,' aw sed, 'aw'll buttle it raand,' HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1884)
32. Lan. Fotch a bottle o' that wine yo' han i' yo'r cage, an'
buttle it round, BRIERLEY Cast upon World (1886) xviii ; Lan.1,
e.Lan.1, m.Lan.1, nw.Der.1
Hence Buttler, sb. the one who pours out drink and
hands it round, in an ale-house.
m.Lan.1 Th' big'st slotch i' th' comp'ny meks his-sel th' buttler.
[Back-formation fr. lit. E. butler, one who has charge of
the liquor.]
BUTTLES, sb. pi. e.An.12 A piece of land set apart
for archery and the butts. See Butland, sb.2, Butft, sb*
BUTTOCK, sb.1 Sc.
1. The remainder, end, bottom.
Lth. She had the buttock o' the last grady cheese still i' the
press, LUMSDEN Sheephead (1892) 250.
2. Comp. Buttock-mail, a ludicrous term given to the
fine exacted by an ecclesiastical court in cases of fornica-
tion.
Sc. D'ye think the lads wi' the kilts will care for yer synods and
yer presbyteries, and yer buttock-mail, and yer stool of repentance ?
SCOTT Waverley(i&n] xxx ; GROSE(i79o) MS. add. (C.) ; (JAM.)
BUTTOCK, sb.2 Stf. Der. War. Coal-mining term :
the slice or layer in which coal is taken out in the step
system of long-wall working.
Stf., Der., War. In Yks. we use the word ' Fall ' and in Lan.
'Jon' (C.B.C.); (J.H.B.)
BUTTON, sb.1 and v.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. sb. Fig. Intellect, senses, esp. in phr. to have all one's
buttons, to nave lost a button, have a button off, &c. In gen.
use.
Wm. N. & Q. (1888) 7th S. vi. 457. w.Yks. In Wilsden, one
lacking full mental capacities has ' some of his buttons off,' Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 23, 1892). Lin. Speaking of a person's fitness
for any particular undertaking, that he will easily do it, we say
' It's in his buttons,' N. cV Q. (1888) 7th S. vi. 365. n-Lin.1,
sw-Lin.1 w.Wor. He seems to have all his eye teeth about him,
he's got all his buttons, S. BEAUCHAMP Grantley Grange (1874) I- IO9-
Hnt. He has got all his buttons, shanks an' all (T.P.F.). Oxf.1
MS. add. Hrt. (G.H.G.) Nrf. She has two buttons off [is partly
silly] (A.S.P.) ; (E.M.) Ess.1 62. Hmp. (T.L.O.D.) Wil. They
said he had not got all his buttons, meaning he was not all there,
KENNARD Diogenes (1893) xi ; Wil. (G.E.D.) Som. But ad got
hes whack o' buttons, which es moor than zome o' we, ' AGRIKLER '
Rhymes (1872) 15. w.Som.1 Sharp little maid — her've a-got all
her buttons, I'll warn her. nw.Dev.1
2. In phr. Buttons and buttonholes, entirely, completely ;
' neck and crop ' ; (2) by the buttons, an oath, expletive ;
(3) to take the button, to excel, to surpass all credence.
(i) Ayr. ' Are you fairly set on turning William Dickie oot o' his
place ? ' ' Buttons and buttonholes, stump and branches,' JOHNSTON
Glenbuckie (1889) 37. (2) w.Yks.2 Often heard in and about
Sheffield. (3) w.Yks. Theer! that'll do, that taks t'button (B.K.).
3. Comp. (i) Button-cap, a fairy ; (2) -clothes, a boy's
first suit of jacket and trousers, with the latter buttoning
over the former ; (3) -crawler, a woodlouse ; (4) -grass,
the plant Avena elatior, couch-grass ; (5) -hole, the plant
Scolopendrium vulgare, hart's-tongue ; (6) -hole-ratcher,
a term applied to any very appetizing dish ; (7) -mouse,
a small mouse found in the fields ; (8) -pound, money,
cash ; (9) -smasher, see -hole-ratcher ; (10) -stockings,
gaiters, leggings ; (n) -twitch, Avena elatior; (12) -weed,
Centaurea nigra, knapweed.
(i) w.Yks.2 (2) e.Yks.t.rt/S. add. (T.H.) (3) Dor. w.Gasctte
(Feb. 15, 1889) 6, col. 7. (4) Cum. From the round bulb-like
bodies which are frequently found at the base of the stems. (5)
e.Sus. The fructification in a young state much resembles a button-
hole. (6) Lan. We were to have three scalding potato pies, . . .
a 'gradely button-smasher, and button-hole-ratcher,' BRIERLEY
Cast upon World (1886) x. (7) S. & Ork.1 (8) Nhp.1 If I had as
many fat sheep as you, I'd soon turn them into button-pound
[sell them, and pocket the money]. (9) Lan. See (6). (10) Som.
(W.F.R.) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 Buufn stau'keenz. (n)
Cum.1 (12) Sus.
4. A mushroom in its unexpanded state, used esp. for
pickling.
Chs.1 The smallest buttons are gathered, the excuse being that,
according to the old saying, ' A mushroom never grows any more
after it is once seen'; Chs.3, Not. (L.C.M.), n.Lin.1, Nhp.12,
War.", Wor. (J.W.P.), Shr.2, Oxf.1 MS. add. Wil. He gathered
between twenty and thirty in a few minutes—' buttons," full-grown
mushrooms, and overgrown ketchup ones, JEFFERIES Bevis (1882)
xxix ; Wil.1
6. A small round gingerbread cake.
nXin.1, Nhp.1, Shr.1, e.An.1
6. A name given to van button-shaped flowers, esp. (i)
the garden or double daisy, Bellis perennis ; (2) the fever-
few, Pyrethrum parthenium ; (3) the common tansy, Tana-
cetum vulgare.
(i) w.Yks. (W. F.) sw-Lin.1 Our pigs raved all the garden up,
all but the buttons. 1^2) w.Som.1 (3) n.Yks.
7. The burrs of var. plants, such as the burdock, thistle,
&c. Also called beggar's buttons (q.v.).
w.Som.1 n.Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
302
BUTTON
[468]
BUYER
8. Sheep's droppings ; dung.
Hrt. ELLIS Shep. Guide (1750) 148. w.Cy. GROSE (1790) Suppl.
w.Som.1 Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 544. [His breech makes
buttons, RAY Prov. (1678) 231.]
9. The navel.
w.Yks. T'bairn hes a lot o' pain abaht it button. T'belly button's
nooan as it owt ta be (B. K.).
10. An inferior stone found in Swanage quarries. Also
in comp. Button-stone. Dor. (C.W.)
11. v. Obs. To make buttons.
Dor. Good Wds. (1870) 97 ; In common use until of late years.
Not linen, but thread buttons worked upon a wire ring, and made
by every woman and child. The materials were always spread
in the lap on a piece of green stuff to try and neutralize the effect
of the white cotton thread constantly on the eyes (O.P.C.).
12. Of sheep : to make dung, ' buttons.'
n.Dev. Hot ded tha yoe do, when tha had'st a cort en ... but
vurst ha button'd, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 214.
13. To shut up. Oxf. (HALL.)
14. In phr. (i) button for, to assist, favour; (2) button up,
to be silent.
(i) w.Yks. (B.K.) ; w.Yks.2 (2) nXin.1
[4. When young it (the mushroom) appears of a roundish
form like a button, the stalk as well as the button being
white, CHAMBERS Cyclop. (1788) s.v. Mushroom.}
BUTTON, sb.2 and v? Yks. Not. [butan.]
1. sb. A rest.
Not.2 I'm going to ha a ' button,' yow can dow as yuv a mind.
2. v. To take a rest. Not.2
Hence Buttoning-time, sb. a short period of rest about
ii o'clock, just before the midday meal.
w.Yks.2 Not a country word, but used by Sheffield workmen.
BUTTON, sb.3 and v* Not. Lon. Slang.
1. sb. One of the persons engaged in the thimble-rigging
swindle ; a decoy of any kind. Also called buttoner.
Not.1 In striking a bargain over cattle, &c., the buttoner is
employed to cry up or cry down the value of the goods.
Lon. One of the confederates, who is called ' a button,' lifts up
one of the thimbles with a pea under it, MAYHEW Land. Labour
(,1851) III. in. Slang. The button, that is the confederate who
egged on the Hats, BESANT & RICE Vulcan (1877) i* (FARMER).
2. v. To act as an accomplice at a sale or bargain. Not.1
BUTTONY, sb. Sc. A children's game.
Frf. The pretty buttons Tommy had won for her at the game of
buttony, BARRIE Tommy (1896) 172. Per. Boys or girls stand in
a row with eyes shut, and palms placed together and open to
receive a button from one of them going along the line. ' Buttony '
asks who has the button — they guess ; if the guess is correct the
person becomes buttony ; if no one guesses correctly, the receiver
of the button becomes buttony in turn (G.W.).
BUTTRESS, sb. Nhb. Lin. Nhp. Wor. Shr. e.An.
Som. Also written buttrace w.Som.1; buttrice Nhp.1
Suf.1; buttrise n.Lin.1 [btrtras, bu'tris.] An instrument
used by farriers to pare a horse's foot before shoeing.
Nhb.1, n.Lin.1 Nhp.1 Almost superseded by the paring knife.
s.Wor. (H.K.), Shr.2, e.An.1 Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf.
('893) 5& Suf.1 w.Som.1 The buut'rees is used by pushing the
instrument away from the operator, while the parer is drawn
towards the user.
[Boutoir, a farriers buttress, COTGR. ; A buttrice and
pincers, a hammer and naile, TUSSER Husb. (1580) 36.]
BUTT-SHUT, v. Wil. To join iron without welding,
by pressing the heated ends squarely together, making
an imperceptible join. Also usedyfg-.
Wil.1 A glaringly inconsistent story or excuse is said ' not to
butt-shut.'
BUTTY, sb.1 and v. Gen. dial, use in Eng.
1. sb. A fellow-workman, partner, mate; an intimate
friend, chum. Also used as a term of address.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) Suppl. w.Yks. Ike Smith an his butty
Bill Brust, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1894) 40 ; Give us a lift, butty
(H.L.); w.Yks.2 sw.Yks. They're fearful butties (F.P.T.). Lan.1,
eXan.1, Chs.123 s.Chs.1 Wi wun bufiz oa-r dhaat- job. Stf.12
s.Stf. Wheer's thy butty? What good cost du by thyself?
PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895). nw.Der.1 Not. (L.C.M.) ; Not.2
' Butty canna foller butty.' Heard in the game of marbles, meaning
that one partner cannot follow one on his own side ; Not.3, Lin.1,
Lei.1, Nhp.'2, War. (J.R.W. ., War.23, s.War.1, w.Wor.1 s.Wor.
We was butty servants together (H.K.). se.Wor.1 'Er's my butty
when I weshes at the pawson's. Shr. Job Rogers told his butties,
BURNE Flk-Lore (1883) xiv ; Shr.1 Hrf.1 ; Hrf.2 In some trades
the butty is necessarily the inferior man, as with sawyers. Some
very good workmen prefer working in pairs, the butty being the
younger man. Glo. One o' my butties cummed up and I gets un
to teak my place, BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn (1890) xxii ; Glo.1
We'm butties. Oxf. So I say, butties, I see now that I be right,
ELLIS Pronunc. (1889) V. 117; Oxf.1 Not used in sw.Oxf., MS.
add. Nrf. ELLIS Pronunc. (1889) V. 267. Cmb.1 Well, butty ;
and how's your granny to-day? Hmp., I.W. (H.C.M.B.) Wil.
SLOW Gl. (1892) ; Wil.1 Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). Cor.2 [In a
blast-furnace, if a man is working on the night shift, the day-shift
man is termed his butty, Gl. Lab. (1894).]
2. Comp. (i) Butty-brew, a social meeting at which each
person pays for his own share of drink; (2) -gang, a gang
of men who share equally ; (3) -lark, the meadow pipit,
Anthus pratensis; (4) -man, a sub-contractor in a colliery;
(5) -piece, a field belonging to two owners, but undivided
by a fence ; (6) -shop, a shop where goods were formerly
given on account of wages.
(i) Chs.1 (a) s-Wor.1 (3) s.Cy. Poetry Provinc. in Cornh. Mag.
(1865) XII. 36. Hmp. So called from its accompanying the cuckoo,
or rather pursuing it (J.R.W.) ; Hmp.1 (4) Glo.1 (5) Chs.1' (6)
nXin.1
3. Mining term : a stall man or contractor who has
a few men under him. Also used attrib. in butty collier.
Stf. The worst place o' the lot, kept by old Evans, a butty
collier, N. & Q. (1867) 3rd S. xi. 493. n.Stf. (J.T.) Stf.2 Moi
feiSarz betartn is'oin ; moi feiSarz a buti. Not. It's one of them
butty colliers as did it (L.C.M.) ; Not.1, Shr.1 [Gl. Lab. (1894).]
4. Among boys: one to whom the hard work falls,
a drudge, cat's-paw.
s.Not. Ah didn't play butty, ah promise yer. Yo all on yer mek
the poor lad yer butty (J.P.K.).
5. A fellow, one of a pair of shoes or gloves.
Shr.1 I've fund one shoe, but canna see the butty no-w'eer.
6. In phr. (i) to do butty, to act unfairly ; (2) to go butty,
to be in collusion with another ; (3) to play butty, to act
unfairly by purposely losing at a game at first, in order to
draw on an opponent to his ruin. See Booty, sb.
(i) w.Yks. He'll do 'butty ' iv he isn't watched (D.L.). (2) ib.
The auctioneer is going butty with the broker, and knocks down
all these cheap lines to him (M.N.) ; w.Yks.3, Chs.1 (3) w.Yks.1,
Chs.2
7. v. To work together, keep company with.
s.Chs.1 Dhi)n tai-n it [wee-ut] bi aag-, Qn dhi bin g6o'in tu biifi
oa-r it [they'n tayn it by hagg, an' they bin gooin' to butty o'er it].
Stf.2 Ja ort Ovriz ta buti wi fouks az ar betartn jarsel. Lei.1 Oi
buttied wi' "im all lasst summer. War.2 I butty with Jackson ;
War.3
8. To cohabit, as man and wife.
Shr.1 Did'n'ee 'ear as Jim Tunkiss brought three children to the
parish ? I reckon 'e inna married, but 'e's bin buttyin' alung o' one
o' them Monsells ; Shr.2 Her inna married, her butties.
9. To act in concert with intent to defraud ; to play
unfairly.
Yks. Seldom heard except among farmers or old men, Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Dec. 27, 1890). w.Yks. (J.T.)
BUTTY, sb? Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. [bu'ti.]
1. A slice of bread and butter ; also bread spread with
treacle, sugar, &c.
w.Yks. (A.C.) Lan. (S.W.) ; Here, Polly, get howd o' this
butty, an' then run an' tell thi feyther to come here, WOOD Hum.
Sketches, 13 ; Lan.1, e.Lan.1 m-Lan.1 When aw were a lad id were
a bit o' clap cake dipt i' wayter, an' then sprinkled o'er wi' sawt.
Chs. Give me a sugar-butty (E.F.) ; Chs.13 s-Chs.1 A piece of
bread and butter is often distinguished as a 'brembiit'ur biit'i.'
Stf.2
2. Comp. Butty-cake, bread and butter. See Butter-
cake.
Lan. They'd each on um a buttycake i' their hont, a dainty
allowed at th' close uv every porritch-eitin beawt, STATON.B. Shuttle,
4 ; Lan.1 Chs. An' a dirty face, eatin a butty-cake, YATES Owd
Peter, x.
BUTTYWOMAN, see Butt, sb*
BUUM, see Boom, num. adj.
BUYER, see Buer.
BUVES
L469]
BUZZOM
BUVES, sb. pi. Yks. The brisket or bosom of a horse.
n.Yks.2, ne.Yks. (M.C.F.M.)
BUXOM, adj. n.Cy. Yks. War. Brks. e. & s. counties.
Also in forms boxin n.Yks. ; buckzome Brks.1
1. Prompt, brisk, sprightly in obeying.
w.Yks. Come, come, my lass, be buxom ! (C.C. R.)
2. Blithe, jolly.
N.Cy.2 n.Yks. A boxin', cumley lad, TWEDDELL Clevel. Rhymes
(1875)41. Brks.1 Often followed by ' like.' A zimmed got quite
well an' buckzome like. e. & s.Cy. RAY (1691). s.Cy. GROSE
(1790). [KENNETT Par. Antiq. (1695).]
3. Of a lad : strong and healthy ; good-looking.
w.Yks. (W.C.S.), War.3
[1. Many a beggere . . . buxome was to swynke,
P. Plowman (B.) vi. 197. 2. Vago, blithe, buckesome, full
of glee, FLORIO (1598).]
BUY, v. Sc. Lan. Chs. War. Wor. Suf. Sur. Cor.
1. Pret. : (i) Bote, (2) Buyed.
(i) War.2 I bote a couple o' ducks isterd'y. (2) Suf. (F.H.)
Snr. I never buyed none, BICKLEY Sur. Hills (1890) I. xiii. Cor.1
2. In phr. (i) Buy a broom, (a) to take out a warrant ;
(b) Dipsacus pilosus, shepherd's rod ; (2) — a father,
amongst hatters: to give a shilling for beer as a treat
to workpeople ; (3) — in, (4) — into (a house), to cater for
a household.
(i,a) Sc. The people got rusty about it, and they had bought so
many brooms, SCOTT Guy M. (1815) xxviii. (b) Wor. (E.S.) (2)
Chs.1 (3) Lan. N. & Q. ( 1868) 4th S. ii. 99 ; Sithee wheer yo'r Sail
is comin back fro' beighin-in (S.W.). (4) Lnk. What div they
[husbands] ken aboot buying intae a hoose? WARDROP/. Mathison
(1881) 26.
BUYED, v. Suf. To buy.
e.Suf. I mean to buyed a knife. I'll go and buyed one. Go and
buyed a rake. Very common (F.H.).
BUYNHOGA, sb. S. & Ork.1 Home, the place of
birth.
[ON. barn, a bairn (q.v.) + haga, ace. of hagi, a pasture ;
see JAKOBSEN Norsk in Shetland (1897) 101.]
BUZ, see Buss, sb.1
BUZGUT, sb._ Cor.3 A great eater or drinker.
[OCor. bus (buz), later form of bos or boys, meat, food
(WlLLIAMS).]
BUZKNACKING, see Buzznacking.
BUZLY, see Buzzy, adj.
BUZ(Z, v.1 and s*.1 Yks. Chs. Stf. Ken. (?) Som.
[buz.]
1. v. To move hurriedly, to fuss about.
Stf.2Ei went buzin slung at apriti reit. w.Som.1 Uur-zau-vees
u buuz-een ubuwt waun plae-us ur nuudh'ur [she is always
buzzing about one place or another],
2. To^run against a person, with prep. ' agen.'
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 23, 1892) ; w.Yks.3
3. To throw with violence. Cf. bazz.
s.Chs.1 Buz a pebble at his top-nut. Ken. (W.H.E.) [Not known
to our other correspondents in Ken.]
4. sb. Speed, activity.
Stf.2 Dh' bobi'z just gon past at a rear aud buz.
BUZ(Z, v.2 and sb.2 Lan. Also Som. Amer. [buz.]
L v. To gossip ; to whisper ; to tell tales.
Lan. Buzz a great word or two i' Matty's ear, BRIERLEY
Marlocks (1867) i. w.Som.1 [U.S.A. He buzzed me a straight hour,
CARRUTH Kan. Univ. Quar. (Oct. 1892) I.]
2. sb. A tale.
Lan. That felley ut writes thoose Lanky [Lancashire] buzzes,
thoose ut's bin i'th Bury Guardian, WOOD Sketches, 84 ; I had
heard the buzz, WESTALL Old Factory (1885) 67. m.Lan.1
BUZZ, sb.3 Yks. Suf. The prickly calyx of certain
weeds; a burr. e.Yks.1, Suf. (F.H.)
BUZ(Z, v? Yks. Shr. Glo. Oxf. Sus. Hmp. [buz, b^z.]
In drinking : to empty the bottle.
w.Yks.3 Shr.2 To fill a glass brimful, in defiance of the chance
that if some is left in the bottle, the drinker must also toss off a
second. Glo. LYSONS Vulg. Tongue ( 1868) 20. Oxf. We must buzz
the bottle (M.A.R.). Sus., Hmp. HOLLOWAY. [N. if Q (i8s2~)
ist S. v. 187.]
BUZZ, see Buzz(er, sb.1
BUZZA, see Bussa.
BUZZACK, see Bussock.
BUZZARD, sb.1 Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Lin. Nhp.
Wor. Glo. Bck. Dev. Also in forms buzzart Lan. ;
buzzer(d e.Lan.1 ; buzzert Lan.1 n w.Der.1 [bu'zad, bu'zat,
'
1. A moth or butterfly ; also fig. Cf. bustard.
Cum. (E.W.P.) w.Yks. A silly buzzard fellow Doncin' raand
a bit o' leet, HARTLEY Ditties (1868) n; (S.H.B.); w.Yks.123
Lan. George has catcht thee a new sort ov a buzzart, aw colours,
MULLINS Johnny, ii ; Lan.1 He's olez after buzzerts and things.
ne.Lan.1, e.Lan.1 Chs.1 Also applied to a short-sighted person.
nw.Der.1 Glo. As blind as a buzzard, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.1
Dev. (WRIGHT.)
2. A cockchafer ; any buzzing insect ; a grub, caterpillar.
Lan.1, e.Lan.1, Chs.1, nw.Der.1, Nhp.2 Wor. One o' thahy great
bluebottle buzzards fled agen mah heye (H.K.). n.Bck. (A.C.)
nw.Dev. (R.P.C.)
3. Comp. (i) Buzzard-bat (-battle, or -beetle), a blue
stag, or other beetle ; (2) -clock, a cockchafer ; (3) -fly,
a bluebottle fly; (4) -moth, a downy moth which flies
by night.
(i) Wor. (H.K.) (2) Lin. 'Eard 'urn a bummin awaay loike a
buzzard-clock owermy 'ead, TENNYSON A^. Farmer, Old Style (1864)
St. 5. nXin.1 (3, 4) Wor. (H.K.)
BUZZARD, sb.2 Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Also written buzzert Cum.1 [bu'zard, bu-zad.] A timid
person, a coward ; esp. one who is afraid in the dark.
Nhb.1 What a buzzard — freetened o' the dark. Dur.1 Cum. Tom
a buzzard was at heame, STAGG Misc. Poems (1805) 94 ; Cum.1
She's a fair buzzert at neets. Wm. (J.M.) ; Wm.1 A's fleyt on't
a sewer; a is sic a buzzard. n.Yks. (T.K.) ; (I.W.) m.Yks.1,
w.Yks. (J.T.), w.Yks.1 n.Lan. T'gart buzart's fritand av a maus
(W.S.) ; Ye men-folk er sic buzzards, MORRIS Siege o' Brou'ton
(1867) 6. ne.Lan.1
BUZZARD-HAWK, sb. Sc. Also Nrt. The buzzard,
Buteo vulgaris.
Frf. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 133. Nrf. CozENS-HARDY Broad
Nrf. (1893) 47.
BUZZAROON, sb. n.Yks.2 An umbrella.
BUZZED UP, ppl. phr. Yks. Chs. [buzd.j
1. Of the edge of a sharp tool : blunted.
s.Chs. Let mistreytn dhu ej u mahy shiivl ; it)s biizd iip (T.D.).
2. Ruffled, dishevelled.
w.Yks.2 My word, he has got it buzzed up [said of a man's
hair brushed backwards],
BUZZEL-HEARTED, adj. Wil.1 Of cabbage or
broccoli : having no ' eye,' or central shoot. Cf. bruckle-
hearted. See Buzzly.
BUZZ(ER, sb.1 Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. In
form buzz w.Yks. s.Chs.1 fbuz-a(r), buz.] A steam
whistle or ' hooter,' used to call operatives to their work.
Cf. bull, sb.1 5.
Nhb. As soon as the buzzer blew to begin work, Newc. Dy.
Leader (Aug. 25, 1896) 6. e-Dur.1 w.Yks. Tbuz az guan, J>al bi
lat taSi wak, if ta duznt liuksap (J.W.) ; w.Yks.23, s.Lan. (S.W.),
s.Chs.i, n.Stf. (J.T.), Stf.2
Hence Buzzed (bussed), adj. too late for work.
w.Yks., n.Stf. (J.T.) ; Stf.2
BUZZER, sb.2 w.Yks. A hydro-extractor, used for
expelling water from material by centrifugal action. (H.H.)
BUZZER(D, BUZZERT, see Buzzard.
BUZZLY, adj. Sur. Hmp. Of trees and plants :
pinched, stunted ; having no central shoot. Cf. buzzel-
hearted.
Sur.1 I doubt we shant get many apples this year, the blossoms
come so buzzly-like, so blackified. Hmp.1 Of a tree whose branches
are thick and stunted.
BUZZNACKING, prp. and sb. Yks. Also Som. Dev.
Also written buzknacking. [bu'znakin.]
1. prp. Fussing, gossiping, tattling. See Buz(z, v?-
n.Yks.1 To knack is to talk in an affected way. She's in an' oot
t'toon thruff, buzknacking aboot ; n.Yks.2 Dev. Reports Provinc.
(1886) 92.
2. sb. Gossiping, ' buzzing.' w.Som.1 I buuz'naak'een.J
BUZZOCK, see Bussock.
BUZZOM, see Besom.
BUZZOM, BUZZUM, see Bozzom, adj.
BUZZY
[47°]
BY
BUZZY, sb. Nhp. A familiar name, used in speaking
to a person.
Nhp.1 Well, my buzzy, how do you do ?
BUZZY, adj. Shr. Brks. Also in form buzly Brks.1
1. Rough, bushy, like a fox's brush. Brks.1
2. Contp. Buzzy-ball, a wild-rose gall, formed by the
insect Cynips rosae.
Shr. At Church Stretton ... a 'buzzy-ball,' a ' Tommy-tailor'
(the caterpillar otherwise called 'miller' and 'woolly bear'), and
some hair stolen from the cross of a ' Jack-donkey,' must be
secured in a piece of silk without the use of pin or needle, and
hung round the child's neck. As the Tommy-tailor wastes away,
the [whooping-]cough will gradually disappear, BURNE Flk-Lore
(1883) xv ; Shr.1 Also called Briar-boss, q.v.
BWODE, see Bode.
BWY(E, int. Som. Good-bye !
Som. JENNINGS Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (.1825). w.Som.1 Bwai'ee; lit.
bee war ee, be with ye, spoken rapidly.
BY, sb. Yks. Also Suf. [bai.] In phr. (i) to give a
person the by, to ignore, pass him by ; (2) on the by, by
chance.
(i) w.Yks. Ah saw him when t' chapel lowsed, but ah gav' him
t'by (J.T.). (a) e.Snf. I happened with him on the by (F.H.\
BY, prep. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also
written bi, be; see below. See Be, Biv. [Stressed form
bai, unstressed bi.]
I. Of place or position : beyond, past, by the side of.
Also fig.
Slk. Wh
Slk. Why . . . should you endeavour to put grist by your own
mill, HOGG Tales (1838) 209, ed. 1866. ne.Yks.1 Aether thruff or
by [by hook or by crook], 84. e.Yks. It's a case o' thruff an' by [we
must get through it or over it] (R.S.)- se.Wor. She corn't abear
nothing to goby her [of a grasping person] (R.M.E.). e.Suf. (F.H.)
II. Of means, cause, relation, &c.
1. Of means : by the help of, by means of; upon, with.
Ayr. (J.F.) Gal). Common (A.W.). Wm. It war paid for bi
nooats. T'babby hes just begun ta walk across t'kitchen bi haulds.
We leev a gay bit bi poddish an' treacle (B.K.). n.Yks. (R.H.H.)
e.Yks. (G.C.) ; Tak it doon by endways (R.S.). w.Yks. (S.K.C.)
s.Wor. The pig doesn't come on noane bythot sart o' stuff (H.K.).
s.Pem. Pigs feeds well by baarley (rare) (W.M.M.). Glo. To 'buy
bi hand' is to buy cattle according to the way they feel to the hand,
and by estimation with the eye. ' How do 'ee sell em — bi hand or bi
wate ? ' (S.S.B.) e.Suf. He must have something but bread to
work all day by (F.H.). w.Sus. (E.E.S.) sw.Sus. In common
use (G.A.W.). Dor. (H.J.M.), e.Som. (G.S.) w.Som.1 There idn
nort like good hard bread and cheese and cider to work by. In
ref. to a particular sort of food for pigs : Dhai du due1 vuur-ee wuul
buy ut [they thrive very well upon it]. This would be quite the
common mode of expression. nw.Dev. ' On ' is more gen. used.
Have 'ee got ort vor tie'n up by ? (R.P.C.) Cor.3
2. In consequence of; judging from.
Per. We'll hae fine weather by the barometer (G.W.). Ayr.
(J.F.), Edb. (J.G.) Gall. Common (A.W.). n.Ir. (A.J.I.), s.Ir.
(J.F.M.ff.) Nhb. Yor tired bi yorwaak, aa see (R.O.H.). Wm.
He's plenty o' brass bi t'way it rattles i' his pocket (B.K.). n.Yks.
(R.H.H.) e. Yks. Train's comin', by signal (R.S.). w.Yks.Thah's
been laikin' i' t'muck, bi thi cloas (S.K.C.) ; Be that, ah sud say at
boath t'mester an his coil wor raand, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Baimsla
Ann. (1852). Stf.2, Not.1 n.Lin. I should think by the colour of
his nose that he drinks (J.T.F.). Lei. It's going to rain, by that
sound in the chimney (C.E.). War.3 The ice is giving, by the
noise. s.Wor. I've fund thot by the broccolo (H.K.). se.Wor.
We'll ha' falling weather, by the wind (R.M.E.). s.Pem. I've a
found your blacklid [pencil] as you'd a lost, by sweeping. She've
a hurled her knee by comin' downstairs. In these cases a stress is
laid on ' by' (E.D.) ; Th'rabbat is ket, by the dog (rare) (W.M.M.).
s.Oxf. That there horse have got a colic, by the manner of him
(M.W.). e.Snf. (H.J.L.R.) ; There's a bird in that bush, by the
cat (F.H.). w.Suf. (C.G.B)., w.Sus. (E.E.S.) s.Wil., Dor.
Usual (C.V.G.). Dor. (H.J.M.) w.Som.1 Thick rabbit's a-passed
on, by the dog. He 'ont never 'gree to it; can tell by un.
nw.Dev. There was brave doings, by the papers (.R.P.C.). w.Cor.
(M.A.C.) Cor.3 He's a dead man, by his groaning.
3. Relating to, concerning, about, of, towards.
Ayr. Louis, what reck I by thee, title, BURNS. Gall. Rare
(A.W.). Nhb. It'll come in biv him [retribution will follow some
time for an injury done] (.R.O.H.). Wm. Ah think nowt bi yon
nag, does thoo ? Nowt fine at o', as t'man said bi his wife (B.K.) ;
I never saw anything wrong by him (T. E.) ; Wm.1 I knaa nowt
but weel by im. n.Yks. As t'man sed biv hiz wife (I.W.). w.Yks.
Say t'same by them, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1850).
Lan. What have you done by your father, as he has not come with
you? (S.W.) ; (H.M.) neXan.1 s.Chs. Rarely used (T.D.).
Stf.2 Oi'l dau mi dauti boi ar. s.Not. He didn't do amiss by his
pigs. A know no harm, by him, nor yet no good. But a slight
shade of depreciation is perhaps conveyed, as we could not say
'A know no good by him.' Jack's gone. — Well, what by that?
(J.P.K.) Not.3 As the chap said by his brother — 'e was aw reel
wen 'e warn't drunk. Lin. I done moy duty boy 'um, as I 'a done
boy the lond, TENNYSON A^. Farmer, Old Style (1864) st. 3. n.Lin.1
Well, what by that? Lei. If you tell a native, near Melton Mowbray,
that he has done something he ought not to have done, or vice
versa, he will reply ' Well, what by that ? ' (C.C.B.) Wor. (W.B.)
s.Wor. I doesn't knaow what-hever us shall be to do by thahy rots
i' the barn (H.K.). sw.Wor. To be well done by [well cared for]
(E.R.D.). Shr.1 Whad did they say by 'er ? The rots bin snivin',
I dunna know whadever's to be done by 'em. s.Oxf. He said he'd
do a good part by her (M.W.). e.Suf. Something must be done
by the green-fly on the roses. Not that I know by. Your allot-
ment will do better by you, if you take more pains with it. You've
hurt me, but I don't care by it (F.H.). w.Suf. (C.G.B.) sw.Sus.
You'll do no good by that (G.A.W.). s.Wil. I han't the money to
do it by her. We've had a good bit to do by bells. I can't do
nothing by him (C.V.G.). Dor. (H.J.M.), e.Som. (G.S.) w.Som.l
Jis the same's the man zaid by 'is wive — her's a rare forester vor
butter-n cheese. You don't hear it by many vokes. After the
verb to know, 'by 'is constantly used in negative answers: Naut--s
aay noa- buy [not that I know of]. nw-Dev. He won't do't if he
hath'n a mind to, as the man said by his jackass. I don't know
'ot us shall do by't. I don't mind lending 'ee a hand, if thee't
do the same by me (R.P.C.). w.Cor. Are you going? — Not as I
knows by. What will you do by all the cold meat? (M.A.C.)
Cor.3 Do you know by a house that will suit me ?
4. In accordance with, by the rule of.
Wm. Ah buy my nags by mi Bible [i.e. they are honestly bought]
(B.K.).
5. In comparison with, compared with.
Inv. It's less sore now by what it was before (H.E.F.). Abd.
Sindle I sing, by what I us'd to doe, SHIRREFS Poems (1790) 100;
She's bonnie be him (W.M.). Per. He's old by [more commonly
byse] me (G.W.). Ayr. (J.F.) e.Lth. Archie was auld by me,
but a hale carle yit, HUNTER J. Imvick (1895) 74. Edb. He's rich
by me (J.M.) ; (J.G.) GalL (A.W.) n.Ir. No matter what he
says, he's nothing by them (A.J.I.). Wm. He's a licker frae bi
me. Oor pig's nowt bi yon o' yours (B.K. ). n.Yks. Very common
(R.H.H.). ne.Yks. Hoo's them beeas' by yours ? Occas. also
' Ah's an au'd woman fra-by you ' (M.C.F.M.). e.Yks. (G.C.) ;
Farmer — ' Thoo's fair doon stupid !' Man — 'Thenkye; hoo'sAh
by you ? ' (R.S.) w.Yks. My face is mucky, but it's clean through
by thine (S.K.C.); Very common (M.F.). Lan. (H.M.), Stf.2
s.Not. Look at your work by mine, yer lazy thing! (J.P.K.)
Not.1 He's a poor fool by his wife. e.Snf. Occas. used, but more
freq. 'again' (H.J.L.R.) ; Your head is big by mine (F.H.). w.Suf.
(C.G.B.), w.Sus. (E.E.S.), Dor. (H.J.M.), e.Som. (G.S.) w.Som.
Uur-z yuung bee yiie [i.e. she is younger than you]. Ai'z tau'l
[tall] bee ar. ELWORTHY Gram. (1877) 24. Cor.8
6. Resembling, like.
e.Suf. He has a face by a monkey (F.H.).
7. Together with, in company with.
e.Som. I'll go if you'll go by me. Come along by me (G.S.).
8. Of difference : from.
Sc. He kens na a B by a bull's foot, RAMSAY Prov. (1737) ;
Gretein kend not gude be ill, HERD Sngs. (1776) I. 53. Sh.I. He
doesna ken right by wrang (K.I. ). Inv. (H.E.F.) Abd. Hedisna
ken the een [one] be the ither (W.M.). Per. (G.W.') Ayr.
(J.F.) e.Lth. Ninnyvites wha didna ken their richt han' by their
left, HUNTER/. Iniuick (1895) 37. Gall. Common (A.W.). Kcb.
Misted souls in a dark night cannot know east by west, RUTHER-
FORD Lett. (1660) No. 123. n.Ir. (A.J.I.) Cum. You cudn't tell
ther toke by geese, Borrowdale Lett. (1787) 4, ed. 1866. Wm.
Ther necks an feeaces lile different bi' sweeps, Spec. Dial. (1877)
pt. i. 27 ; Wm.1 He didnt knaw em be ony odther thing. w.Yks.
(S.K.C.) e.Suf. His talk doesn't differ by an Essex man's.
Your watch is different by mine [i.e. keeps different time] (F.H.).
Dor. (H.J.M.)
9. Against, to the detriment or injury of.
GaJl. Not very common (A.W.). Ir. I know nothing by that man,
BOOKER Obs. IVds. and Phr. (1859) 77. Wm. Ah'll say nowt bi
BY
BY
a man when he's away (B.K.). n.Yks. (I.W.) ; (R.H.H.
ne.Yks. (M.C.F.M.) w.Yks. Ah've done nowt by thee (S.K.C.) ;
w.Yks.1 Lan. What have you done by that child? (H.M.) Der.2
I know nothing by him. nw.Der.1, s.Not. (J.P.K.) s.Wor. A
didn't sahy nothin by (more commonly ' agen') Mm (H.K.). Shr.1
'E's a tidy mon, sir, leastways I know nuthin' by Mm. s.Pem. The
gen. idiom. A did a nasty trick by the owl man his father
I^W.M.M.). Glo.1 I know no harm by him. e.Suf. What have
you done by the man that he is angry ? (F.H.) w.Cy. The wumun
axed un wat had a dun by hur, for she suffered agonies, HUNT Pop.
Rom. w.Eng. (1865) II. 80. Dor. I've nothing to say by him, he
was always very quiet (C.V.G.) ; (H.J.M.) w.Som.1 Yiie nur
noa mae-un uul's kaa-n zai noa'urt buy ur [you nor no man else
can't say nothing against her]. nw.Dev. Occas. used (R.P.C.).
Cor.3
10. Excepting, except ; beyond, omitting ; past.
Sc. Grizzy has naething frae me by twa pair o' new shoon ilka
year, SCOTT Guy M. (1815) xxxii ; There's just twa living by
mysell, t'b. Antiquary (1816) xxi. Sh.I. (K.I.) Abd. Mairryin'
yer minaister bye the maiden o' Clinkstyle, ALEXANDER Johnny
Gibb (1871^ xlix. Per. Naething's wrang wi' ye by the rheuma-
tisms. By Wednesday, I'm idle ilka nicht this week (G.W.).
Ayr. He will put nothing by you (J.F.). Edb. (J.G.) Gall. He
is by his usual [not in ordinary health] (A.W.). n.Ir. By (more
freq. ' for-by') me, he wouldn't sell it to any one (A.J.I.). Nhb.
Aall not let the hoose by (more commonly ' past') ye (R.O.H.).
Wm. They selt t'sheep by him, and he was sair put aboot (B.K.).
n.Yks. He cou'd na see at he had any mak" or mander o' duds by
an au'd ragg'd soort ov a sark, ATKINSON Maori. Parish (1891) 55 ;
Not to sell it by him [i.e. not to another] (I.W.). e.Suf. Nobody
at home by him. No clothes on by a shirt and trousers (F.H.).
Dor. (H.J.M.)
11. In phr. to put or set by, to deprive of, to spoil one's
appetite for a meal ; to prevent or hinder from doing.
Sh.I. He was put by his dinner [with no ref. to time] (K.I.).
Per. That ill-roasten beef pat me by my dinner (G.W.). Edb.
(J.M.), n.Ir. (A.J.I.) Wm. Ah was put bi mi dinner bi fashin wi
yon sheep (B.K.) ; (T.E.) n.Yks. Very common. It put me by
me breekfast (R.H.H.). e.Yks. (G.C.) ; That coo deein's reglar
put me by my meals to-day (R.S.). w.Yks. (S.K.C.) n.Lin.
The bairns made such an a noise I was put by sayin' what I'd
gotten to tell her (E.P.). e.Suf. (F.H.), Dor. (H.J.M.)
12. Out of ; in phr. by himsel(f, by his mind, distracted,
demented.
Abd. (J.G.) ; (W.M.) Per. Very common (G.W.). Rnf. He
noo was fairly by himsel', BARR Poems (1861) 93. Ayr. Monie
a day was by himsel, He was sae sairly frighted, BURNS Halloween
(1785) st. 16. Edb. (J.M.) Dmb. I wad never be demented or
gang by my mind, CROSS Disruption (1844) ii. Gall. Common
(A.W.). n.Ir. (A.J.I.) Nhb.1 The man's fairly bi his sel. ' Past
his sel ' is the commoner form. Wm. Ah's varra near by misel wi'
t'tic (B.K.). n.Yks. By hizsel [deranged], but blv hizsel [alone]
(I.W.); Common (R.H.H.). ne.Yks. Sha's fair by hersen
(M.C.F.M.). w.Yks. (S.K.C.), e.Snf. (F.H.), Dor. (H.J.M.), Cor.3
13. Beside, in addition to ; over and above, beyond.
Msofig.
Sh.I. I never caa'd him by his name [said anything derogatory
of him] (K.I.). Or.I. (J.G.) Abd. Naething by the common
(W.M.). Ayr. There was something by the common o' cousinship
atween them, GALT Entail (1823) Ixxiv. Edb. (J.M.) Gall.
Used with such words as expectation, hope, desire, imagination
(A.W.). n.Ir. It is by all that ever I heard (A.J.I.). Nhb. It's
by common, aa can tell ye (R.O.H.). Wm. They co'd yan anudder
iwerything by ther awn neeams (B.K.) ; To call a person by his
name [i. e. by another name] (I.W.). e.Suf. He's a bad fellow by
the common. Don't call him by his name (F.H.).
14. Comb, (i) By-bush, in ambush, in hiding; (2)
•common, out of the common, extraordinary; cf. by-
ordinary ; (3) — course, of course ; (4) -hap, by chance ;
as the case may be ; peradventure, perhaps ; (5) -keease,
by chance ; as the case may be ; (6) — much, by a good
deal ; (7) — now, a short time ago, just now ; (8) — ought,
by any conceivable quantity; (9) —row, in order; (10)
— (good) rightfs, properly; in justice; (H) — that, (a)
in a moment, immediately; (b) thereabouts ; (12) —then,
by the time that ; (13) — this, by this time ; (14) -times,
sometimes, occasionally ; see Betimes; (15) — when, by
the time when ; (16) -whiles, now and then, at times.
(i) Ken.1 I just stood by-bush and heard all they said. [Not
known to our correspondents.] (a) Sc. Ye do seem to be a chap by
common, SCOTT GuyM. (1815) III. xxiii. Ayr. He's mair than well
enoough, he's by-common, GALT Entail (1823) xxxiii. Slk. To hae
something by common on that occasion, WILSON Tales (1836) II.
34. Nhb.1 (3) Ir. By coorse it is, LEVER C. O'Malley (ed. 1880) xii.
Cor. I ... got tended immedjunt, by coose, FORFAR Poems (1885)
6. (4) n.Yks.2 w.Som.1 Behap you mid-n be there, and then
what be I to do? Dhai oan lee'ust aewt bee-aap [perhaps they
will not last out]. (5) n.Yks.2 (6) n.Yks.1 There's nit eneugh by
mich. (7) Hmp. (J.R.W.) ; Hmp.1 Dor. Surely, shepherd, I seed
you blowing into a great flute by now at Casterbridge ? HARDY
Madding Crowd (1874) v'" ! He be only gone back to's wark,
a little bit by now, HARE fill. Street (1895) 97. Som. W. & J.
Gl. (1873). w.Som.1 Wur-z mee nai'v? aay-d u-gau't-n beenaew
[where is my knife? I had it just now]. Very common. (8)
n.Yks.1 Gen. used after a comparative ; as, Better, Mair, Warse by
owght, &c. (9) n.Lln.1 He knaws th' naames o' all th' kings and
queens o' England by raw. (10) n.Yks. Yon chap owt ta 'ev p€d
his rets bifur nu bireet (W.H.). e.Yks. This job owt ti be deean
ti neet, bi reels, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) ; e.Yks.1 Tom owt ti
gan bi reels, MS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks. (W.H.), Chs.1 s.Not. By
good rights Johnny 'd ought to a hed the property (J.P.K.) ;
Not.1 n.Lin.1 Them two cloasis is mine by good reights, but
I ha'n't munny to try it wi' him. Let.1 A should 'a bin 'ere afore
naow by good roights. War.2 You ought by rights to put them
seeds in now. 'E belongs the very cottage 'e pays rent for, by
rights ; War.3 Wor. (J.W.P.) Oxf.1 MS. add. w.Som.1 Dhai
ad-n u-gau't noa buz'nees dhae-ur bee geo'd rai't [injustice they
had no business to be there]. (u, a) n.Lin. If th' Squire gets to
knaw you'll hev' a summons an' be up afore th' magistrates by that
(E.P.) ; n.Lin.1 swXin.1 He gave three gasps, and was gone by
that, (b) Sur.1 I'll be round at one o'clock or by that. (13)
s.Not. He'll have grown out of it, by then he's ten year old
(J.P.K.X Not.1, Lei.', War.2" s.Wor. By then a'd gol 'ome,
Ihe t'others wuz gwon (H.K.). s.Oxf. (M.W.1 e.Suf. I shall
have it finished by then he is ready for it (H.J.L.R.). Sus.
Bythen he wur old he had brass, JACKSON Southward Ho (1894)
I. 339; Sus.1 (131 Wm.1 It's ower be Ihis. n.Yks. (I. W.),
w.Yks.1 (14) Ant. (W.H.P.) Lei.1 A'd oon'y 'ad a drop or lew
moor nur a knood aow lo carry awee loike, as a man mut do by
toimes. s.Wil. (C.V.G.) (15) n.Yks. (I.W.) (16) Gall. By
whiles multering and mumbling the words over to himself,
CROCKETT Grey Man (1896) 70. Shr.1 By-w'iles they [owls] sin
a mouze an' they droppen on Mm (s. v. Owlert).
15. In phr. (i) By ah or by nab, by hook or by crook ;
(2) by cause of, because of; (3) time by chance, occasionally;
(4) by the east nook, slightly touched in the head, ' cracked' ;
(5) by the hand, on hand ; (6) by hulch and stulch, by hook
or by crook ; (7) by long and by late, some time or other,
in the long run ; (8) by the ordinar, out of the common ;
see By-ordinary ; (9) by scowl o' brow, of work : done by
rule of thumb or by eye, without exact measurement ;
(ip) by side and by seam, (n) by the way, in pretence,
feignedly.
(i) w.Yks. Ah mun finish to-neet by ab or by nab (J.T.). (a)
Lin. Couldn' I luvv thy muther by cause o' 'er munny laai'd by ?
TENNYSON N. Farmer, New Style (1870) St. 9. (3) ne.Yks.1 35.
(4) Sc. Wowf — a wee bit by the East Nook or sae ; it's a common
case — the ae half of the warld thinks the tither daft, SCOTT Redg.
(1834) vii. (5) Lan. Aw've a quare job bi th' hont, aw con
lell yo, WOOD Sketches, 5. (6) Chs.13 (7) Dor. Do lhal and
you'll have him by-long and by-late, HARDY Greenwood Tree
(1873) II. 135. Well known (H.J.M.). (8) Frf. I d'na kin am
onything by the ordinar, BARRIE Lie/it (1888) 161. (9) Yks. N.
&> Q. (1885) 6th S. xii. 359. [Amer.A carpenter, having finished
a chair, remarked, ' There, thal's a prelty good job, ben't it ?
Made by no rule nor measure, but jest by scowl er brow,' ib. 309.]
(10) Dor. She hunted everywhere, ballyragging Jack by side and
by seam, HARDY Tess (1891) 173, ed. 1895. (u) Ir. Oonagh set
up a loud laugh, of great contempt, by-the-way, YEATS Flk-Tales
(1888) 375.
16. In oaths or expletives: (i) By the blest; (2) — the
blood and wounds ; (3) — cavers ; (4) — Cock ; (5) — the
crass o' Moses ; (6) — Crike ; (7) — Crikey ; (8) — Dad ;
(9) — Der; (10) — eye; (n) — the feraps; (12) — Gad;
(13) — Gar; (14) — Cell; (15) — Gen ; (16) — Gens; (17)
— Gew (Gaow) ; (18) — the gins ; (19) — Gock (Gok) ; (20)
— Cockers ; (21) — Gocks ; (22) — Goes ; (23) — Gol ; (24)
— Colls ; (25) — Golly ; (26) — Com ; (27) — Gommany ;
BY
[472]
BY(E
(28) byGommins; (29) —Connies; (30) — Cor; (31)-
Goramaity ; (32) — Goramassy ; (33) — Gomes ; (34) -
Gorsh; (35) — Gosh ; (36) — Cos/ten ; (y])—Gow; (38)
— the Gowky ; (39) — Gox ; (40) — Gqy ; (41) — Gum ;
(42) — Cummers ; (43) — Gwy ; (44) — the haft and sides ;
(45) — Of hairty man ; (46) — the heart ; (47) — M heartly
death ; (48) — the heartly gins ; (49) — the holy poker ; (50)
— Jaiminie King; (51)— Jegs; (52)— Jen; (53) —Jiggers;
(54)— /«'«£•; (^)—Jings; (56) — maa linkers ; (§7) -
/*«£s; (58)— 7065; (59)— Jot; (60) — i-A« tos ; (61) -
/A' »WKV& ; (62) — Of mackins (makkins) ; (63) — th' maskins ;
(64) — the mass ; (65) — mass mas ; (66) — (the) megs ;
(67) — t'meskins ; (68) — (th') mess ; (69) — /A' WOK ; (70)
— th' mons; (71) —the pipe; (72) — shots; (73) — mesowl;
(74) — /A« a«rf &y /Aa/ ; (75) — th' wunds.
(i) w.Yks.2 Obsol. (2) ift. At Eyam this is pronounced as Bith
lud unz uns. (3) Nhb.1 (4) Ess. I combed his head well for him,
I did by cock ! BARING-GOULD Mehalah (1885) 84. (5) Ir. By the
crass o' Moses, I'll do it in style, CARLETON Fardorougha (1848)
228. (6, 7) Nhb.1 (8) w.Ir. Oh, by dad, you must say more nor
that, LOVER Leg. (1848) I. 9. (9) Stf.2 (10) Nhb.1 (n) w.Yks.
Pogmoor Olm. (1893) 51. (12) se.Wor.1 Used more in the same
sense as ' indeed ' : ' Ower Jack fund a shillin' this marnin'.' ' Did
a, be-gad.' (13) Dev. A cockney youth, by gar, thinks I, PULMAN
Sketches (1853) 12. Cor. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) (14) Nhb.1
(15) Wm. (B.K.) (16) w.Yks. BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865). (17)
se.Wor.1 (18) Der.2, nw.Der.1 (19) Nhb." Wm. By gock, I'll
be chokt, JACK ROBISON Aald Taales (1882) 4. m.Yks.1 Lan.
Bigock, but aw have it neaw, STATON Loominary (c. 1861) 34.
(20) Cum.3 57. (21) Nhb.1 (22) n.Lin. 'By goes!' says man,
' that thowt nivercum'd i'to my head,' PEACOCK Tales and Rhymes
(1886) 65. (23) Cor. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) (34) Ken.
GROSE (1790). (25) N.I.1, Nhb.1 w.Yks.5 Often at the end of
a sentence, ' Luke here be golly ! ' and when so used, is always in-
dicative of surprise. Chs.1, s.Chs.1, w.Som.1 (s.v. Oaths. 1 (26)
Wm.(B.K.), s.Chs.1, Stf.2, Nrf.(E.M.), Snf.(F.H.), Ess. (W.W.S.),
w.Som.1 (27) N.I.1 (28) s.Chs.1 (29) N.I.1, Stf.2 (30) w.Ir. By
gor, . . . that's impossible, LOVER Leg. (1848) I. 7. w.Som.1
(31, 32) w.Som.1 (33) Sus. HOLLOWAY. (34) Shr.2 (35) Shr.2,
w.Som.1 (36) Nhb.1 (37) w.Yks. By gow ! worn't ther a
malak i' t'mule-hoil, CUDWORTH Sketches (1884)14; w.Yks.5 (38)
Nhb.1 (39) Nhb.1, Wm. (B.K.) (40) Wm. (B.K.) w.Yks.
(S.P.U.) (41) Nhb.1, w.Yks.5 Lan. By gum, aw'll believe thee,
CLEGG David's Loom (1894) v. Chs.1, Stf.2, Shr.12, War.2,
Nrf. (E.M.), w-Som.1 (42) w.Som.1 (43) w.Yks.2 (44) Der.2,
nw.Der.1 (45) Lan. By th hairty mon, that theer eighteenpence
war soon ernt, New Wkly. (Jan. 19, 1895) 7, col. 2. (46) w.Yks.
(^E.B.) Lan. Bith heart! this is a grand brew, WAUGH Owd
Cronies (1875) iv. (47) nw-Der.1 (48) Der.2, nw.Der.1 (49) Uls.
(M.B.-S.) (so)N.!.1 (51) w.Yks.5 (52) w.Yks.1 (53) Let1 203.
(54) Ayr. Willie lap, an' swoor by jing, BURNS Halloween (1785)
st. 9. Nhb.1, Cum. (J.A.) (551 Chs.1, s.Chs.1 Shr.1 Used
chiefly by children to express approbation. Byjings! Surrey, lad,
yo'n copped that. (56, 57) Nhb.1 (58) w.Som.1 A very common
oath. (59) Cor. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) (60) Wxf. Be the
laws if you don't make more haste we'll give you a cobbing,
KENNEDY Banks Boro (1867) 29. (61) Lan. By th' mack, hoo says,
thet's th' shop, STATON Loominary (c. 1861)5. (62) Lan. HARLAND
Wilsons (1865) 44. s.Chs.1 (63) Lan. Bi th' maskins, aw wur
fain if aw cud get traycle to my porritch, WOOD Sketches, 19 ; Lan.1
Neaw, byth maskins if I be naw fast, TIM BOBBIN Wks. (ed.
1750) Introd. 35. (64) w.Yks. Withaat iwer thinkin' — bith mass —
'At yor wearin' soa mitch off yor booit, HARTLEY Plenty o' Brass
(1868) ; w.Yks.2 Lan.1 Bith mass, iv he'll let me, aw will, WAUGH
Sngs. (1859) Dale's f this Bonnet, eian.1 s.Lan. BAMFORD Dial.
(1850). Chs.1 s.Chs.1 Obs. nw.Der.1 (65) Lan. Bi mass mas,
there's a greight tall chap, WOOD Sketches, 20. (66) w.Yks. Bi
t'megs, bud it's time to be lewking rahnd t'corners, CUDWORTH
Sketches (1884) n; w.Yks.5 (67) w.Yks.1 (68) w.Yks.12 Lan.
Winneh forgi' meh then ? — Byth' miss well eh meay froth bothum
o' me crop, TIM BOBBIN View Dial. (1746) 69. w.Lan. (B.K.)
Lei.1 Obs. 203. (69) Lan. Eh ! bi th' mon, ther wur such row in
that hoile, WOOD Sketches, 6 ; Lan.1 Am aw to goo at this time o'
neet?— Ay, bith mon, mun tha'. (70) Lan. Bi'th mons aw hadn't
gone so far, LAHEE Owd Yem, 5. (71) Wxf. Oh, by the pipe !
down he began to sink, KENNEDY Banks Boro (1867) 31. (72)
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 23, 1892). (73) Nhb.1 (74)wJr.
By this and that, I'll make you sorry, LOVER Leg. (1848) I. 50.
(75) Lan. Bith' wunds, Whistle-pig, ov o' th' scheeams ot won has
hyerd on, WALKER Plebeian Pol. (1792) 12, ed. 1801.
III. Of time.
1. Of point of time : at.
e.Suf. Be here by your time [i.e. at the time named for you]
(F.H.). nw.Dev. I don't know whe'er 'twas there by his time
(R.P.C.).
2. Beyond, past, after.
Sh.I. (K.I.\ Or.I. (J.G.) Abd. Always emphatic. Is he by
his time ? — No, he said he wid be here be ten, an' it's nae langby
nine (W.M.). Per. What o'clock js it? — Five minutes by three
(G.W.). Ayr. (J.F.'!, Edb. (J.M.), Gall. (A.W.), s.Ir. (J.F.M.ff.)
Nhb. He was lang by the quarter day afore he could pay his rent
(R.O.H.). Wm. She's by her time a gay bit noo (B.K.). n.Yks.
(I.W.) ; (R.H.H.) e.Yks. It's by eleven o'clock (G.C.). e.Suf.
You have gone by your time [have come late] (F.H.).
3. Of length of time : during, in the space of; over.
Nhb. Ye'll not be deun'd bi this year (R.O.H.). Not1 e.An.1
He took care to do it by his life-time, 154. e.Suf. I shan't get
through the job by this week. I stopped too long by my dinner.
He stayed here by a whole month (F.H.). Dor. (H.J.M.) w.Som.1
Wut-n due' ut bee dhee luyvtuym [thou wouldst not do it in the
space of thy lifetime]. nw.Dev. Seldom used, prob. only with
word ' lifetime ' ( R. P.C. ). Cor.3
BY, con/. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der.
Not. Lin. War. Suf. Sus. Wil. Dor. Cor. [Stressed form
bai, unstressed bi.]
1. By the time that.
Per. The schule'll be skailed by you win till't (G.W.). Ayr.
(J.F.), Edb. (J.M.) Gall. In common use (A.W.). n.Ir. (A.J.I.)
Nhb. Ye'll think se bi y'or as aad as me (R.O.H.). Wm.
T'supper'llbereadybythoois^B.K.). n. Yks. (I.W.) e.Yks. Sail
you be ready by Ah get my bonnet on ? (R.S.) ; You won't finish
by you die (G.C.*). w.Yks. Very common (M.F.) ; w.Yks.3 Lan.
(S.W.) s.Chs.1 Bi ahy gy'et worn [home]. Stf.2 Der.1 By he is
of age. s.Not. (J.P.K.X Not1 n.Lin.1 I'll hev it ready by you
cum back. e.Lin. (J.C.W.), War.3 e.Suf. The house will be
built by the month is out (F.H.). sw.Sns. Common (G.A.W.).
Wil. (G.E.D.), Dor. (H.J.M.) Cor.3 I'll be there by you [are].
2. Nevertheless, yet.
Sc. Come weel, come woe, I carena by; I am a king ! Poems
and Ballads, 399. Ayr. How we love and how we 'gree, I care
na by how few may see, BURNS Whistle owre the Lave o't ; (J.F.)
BY, int. Yks. [bai.] Used as a mild expletive.
w.Yks. By! lad, tha'Il cop it when thi fatther gets to knaw
(J.T.).
BYACK, sb. S. & Ork.1 A useless, good-for-nothing
person.
BY AS, see Bias.
BYAUCH, sb. Sc. Any small living creature.
S. & Ork.1 Cai. A peerie byauch [a small child, a puny calf]
(JAM.).
BYD, see Bood.
BY(E, adj. and adv. Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. [bai.f
1. adj. Of places: lonely, desolate; retired, away from
the main road.
Sc. In the forenoon they came into a bye fell, SCOTT Minstrelsy
(1802) II. 105, ed. 1848. Or.I. (J.G.) Lakel. A bye place,
ELLWOOD (1895). Wm. It's a by dowly auld hoose, an' maks yan's
teeth jadder ta gang in (B.K.). n.Yks. I' the clefts o' the rock in
the bye spots o' the stairs, ROBINSON Whitby Sng. Sol. (1860) ii.
14 ; The house is down a bye land (R.H.H.). Won (W.B.) Glo.
It's a lonely road to Northwood, but Tranch Lane is a deal byer.
nw.Dev. Not common (R.P.C.). Cor.1 Our house is rather bye;
Cor.2 ; Cor.3 Comparative form not known, but positive is used.
2. adv. Used with a prep, or adv. denoting place, to form
adv.phr., with the suggestion of proximity.
Sc. Huw yr ye aa doon-bye? Cum yn-bye an' gie's yeir craks
[come in this way and tell us your news]. An oot-bye wurker
[an out-of-doors servant], MURRAY Dial. (1873) 227; Gang in by,
and be a better bairn another time, SCOTT Midlothian (1818: iv.
Sh.I. (K.I.), Inv. (H.E.F.) Abd. Inveetin' the coachman an'
gamekeeper up bye, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xix ; Ex-
ceedingly common usage (W.M.). Per. Very commonly used with
«/>, down, in, out, owre. It is there or there by. Sit out by from
the fire (G.W.); As for the fouks doon bye, ye can get naething
oot o' them, IAN MACLAREN Auld Lang Syne (1895) 121. Fif.
They'll no keep her up-bye, MELDRUM Margredel (1894) 147. Rnf.
Found them in an outbye stable, WEBSTER Rhymes (1835) 182.
Ayr. (J.F.) ; The millman doon by has a dochter in service,
BY(E
[473]
BY(E
JOHNSTON Kilmallic (1891) I. 157. Lnk. The Hoose wi' sic con-
fusion, Hold their Parliament oot by, WARDROP/. Mathison (1881)
log. e.Lth. The pairty up by roun' the hill-fits, HUNTER/. Inwkk
(18951 '36- Edb- (J-M.) Slk. Ye had better come in by, HOGG
Tales (1838) 362, ed. 1866. Gall. ,A. W.) n.Ir. Put that dog out-
by. He is out-by feeding the cows (A.J.I.). Nhb. He hasn't much
to say to them owerby. Ye'll find his shop just through by. When
ye come ti the church it's just up by (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.1 Inby is
further in, or inside ; in a pit it is in from the shaft. Ootby is just
outside, or in a pit it is the direction towards the shaft or exit.
Owerby is just across ; Backby just behind ; Upby is just up the
street or road ; and Doonby is just down the way. In all these,
close neighbourhood is suggested. Nhb., Dur. The ventilation had
not been damaged any further out-bie by the shock of the explosion,
and encouraged them to hope that they might still be able to save
the lives of some of the people at the in-bie end of the horizontal
stone drift, BUDDLE Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Nhb. and Dur. (1830)
I. 192. Win. Ur ye yen o' the doon by priests [a clergyman
belonging to this locality] ? (T.E.) Glo. I come down thur bye,
BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn (1890) x. nw.Dev. Where was a to,
then ? — Why, home by [close at hand]. The nest was home by
the gate-poss (R.P.C.). [See Home.]
3. Used redundantly with adv. of place.
s.Wel. In the Swansea valley and adjacent districts by is used
redundantly before here and there. Put it by here. I met him by
there [i.e. at that very spot] (E.S.H.) ; In constant use. Come by
here (D.M.R.). s.Pem. I put'n up by there (W.M.M.).
4. Past, gone by, finished, over.
Sh.I. (K.I.) Inv. Very common (H.E.F.). Abd. Oor denner's
by (W.M.). Frf. When the buryin' was bye, an' relations a' gane,
LAING Wayside Firs. (1846) 20. Per. The meeting was by before
ten o'clock (G.W.). Rnf. I wish it [her marriage] was just fairly
by, BARR Poems (1861) 130. Ayr. As soon's the clockin-time is
by, BURNS To J. Rankine; (J.F.) e.Lth. See ye come straucht
hame after it's by, HUNTER/. Imvick (1895) 166. Edb. (J.M.)
Gall. The days of curses are by with, CROCKETT Grey Man (1896)
85. n.Ir. (A.J.I.) Nhb. When the new year's by we'll start fresh.
Wait till the rain's by (R.O.H.). Cum. For, lo, the winter is bye,
the rain is ower an' geane, RAYSON Sng. Sol. (1859) ii. n. Wm.
Ah wish it war by, Ah fair dreed it (B.K.). n.Yks. Very common
(R.H.H.X e.Yks. The winter is almost by (G.C.). n.Lin. Them
times is all by now (E.P.). War.3 e.Suf. The shower is almost
by (F.H.). Wil. (G.E.D.), Dor. (H.J.M.) Cor.3 That's all by.
5. Finished off, ' done for,' ruined, dead ; esp. in phr.
to be by with it.
Sc. You're by with it, James More. You can never show your
face again, STEVENSON Catriona (1892) xxx ; The ancient old chiefs
that are all by with it lang syne, ib. xii ; He's a' pains, an' he
has an unco like hoast. I doot he's by wi't this time, SWAN Gates
of Eden ',1895) xiv. Per. I'm sair by wi't (G.W.). Fif. I'm aboot
by wi't, that's the truth, ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 173. Ayr.
When the dykes are broken you're bye, ye ken, — Ou ay, fairly bye,
SERVICE Notandums (1890) 34. Edb. He's about by with it (J.G.).
Gall. (A.W.)
6. Aside, on one side ; out of the way ; up.
Sc. Your bread's baken, ye may hing by your girdle, RAMSAY
Prov. (1737) ; They'll haikye up and settle ye bye, SCOTT Minstrelsy
(1802) III. 127, ed. 1848. Sh.I. Standby, there! (K.I.) Per. Pack
by the eggs (G.W.). Ayr. (J. F.) Lnk. [To a dog :] Hist, awa bye,
Rover ! WARDROP /. Mathison (1881) 9. Lth. Stand bye, and
let the wee things see, BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 312. n.Ir.
(A.J.I.) Nhb. Come by ! what are ye croodin' aboot like that
for ? Hadaway by [get out of the way] (R.O.H.). Cum. He wad
no'bbut shoot, ' Hy the', git away by,' as he does when he sends
him for the sheep, RICHARDSON Talk (1886) 75 ; It slipt away by
and left us, Borrowdale Lett. (1787). n.Yks. Come by! A shepherd
sending out his dog round a flock cries ' ger away by ' [i.e. get on
one side and turn them] (R.H.H.) ; (I.W.) ; n.Yks.1 He's brass
enew for owght : he'd ex t'Queen t'coom by, if ivver she war in's
road (s.v. Brass). e.Yks. Coom by, wi' ye ! (R.S.) w.Yks. (J.T.)
s.Not. Hang 'em by (J.P.K.). Not.1 War.3 Stand by and let me
have a try at it. s.Wor. Ston' by, 'ool 'ee? (H.K.) se.Wor. Get
by, out of the road! (R.M.E.) e.Suf. (F.H.). w.Sus. (E.E.S.)
sw.Sus. Stand by! Common (G.A.W.). Wil. (G.E.D.), Dor.
(H.J.M. ), e.Som. (G.S.), Cor.8
7. Back, back again.
n.Lin. In constant use. She lost it agean th' brigg, an' she
nivver could get it by agean. When he com'd by agean he'd grow'd
to be clear a man (E.P.) ; You mun let me 'eve it by agean (J.T. F.\
8. Comb, (i) By(e-begit, an illegitimate child ; (2) -bill,
VOL. i.
a bill that is statute-run ; anything that is out of date ; (3)
-bit, an extra bit, a ' snack ' of food ; (4) -blow, see -begit;
(5) -body, one who procrastinates ; (6) -bootings (-bolt-
ings), the finest kind of bran ; (7) -chance, an accidental
or unexpected circumstance; (8) -chap, an illegitimate
son; (9) -child, (10) -come, see -begit ; (n) -coming,
passing or coming by ; (12) -courting, courting on the
sly ! (I3) -dyke, a feeder or narrow stream for a mill-dam ;
(14) -end, a sinister end ; a side issue ; (15) -farm, see
•tack ; ( 16) -gang, (a) a byway ; also fig. an underhand
proceeding; (b) in pi. bygones; (17) -ganging, (18) -going,
passing by ; incidentally ; (19) -help, an aid in reserve ;
(20) -heppened, aided by things taking a fortunate turn ;
(21) -hours, extra time, odd hours ; (22) -leap, see -begit ;
(23) -let, a river island ; see below ; (24) -lope (-loup), see
•begit ; (25) -market, an intermediate market ; (26) -near,
close by ; almost ; (27) -neuk, an out-of-the-way corner ;
(28) -part, a secret place ; (29) -pass, an arrangement of
pipes and taps for lowering or raising gaslights, without
extinguishing them ; (30) -pit, a shaft sunk near the
engine-pit of a colliery ; (31) -place, see -neuk ; (32) -put,
(-pit), (a) a temporary substitute ; a pretence ; (b) a slight
repast between meals ; (c) one who procrastinates ; (33)
•putting (-pittin1), procrastinating ; (34) -set, (a) anything
set aside until wanted ; (b) a channel or gutter across a
road ; (35) -spot, a lonely place ; (36) -stead, (a) an out-
of-the-way place ; (b) a byway, see below ; (c) a meadow
or enclosure of land ; (37) -table, a side-table or sideboard ;
(38) -tack (-tak(e), (a) a house or farm which is sublet ;
(b) a farm, on which the tenant does not reside, taken in
addition to a larger holding; (39) -tail, the right handle
of a plough, fastened to the ' shell-board ' ; (40) -time, see
•hours ; (41) -vore, a by-furrow in ploughing ; see below;
(42) -wash, a weir or mill-race ; a place by which excess
of water can run oft'; (43) -watch, a reserve, ' nest-egg ' ;
(44) -way, a back entrance ; (45) -wipe, (a) an indirect
sarcasm, an insinuation ; (b) see -begit.
(i) n.Yks.s (2) n.Lin.1 Some of the neighbours wanted to read
the Bible to her. but she said it was naught but a bye-bill, THORPE
Surv. of Kirton-in-Lindsey (1616). (3) Sc. I had set that down for
a by bit between meals for mysell, SCOTT Bride of Lam. (1819) v.
(4) Cum.1, n.Yks.2, Chs.1, nXin.1, War.3, Shr.12, Hrf.2 (5) Per.
(G.W.) (6) N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 (7) n.Yks.2 Their coming was a
soort o' bychance. m.Yks.1 (8) N.I.1 (9) s.Ir. (A.J.I.) I.Ma.
You'd be hearing of the by-child, it's like? CAINE Manxman
(1895) pt. in. xvi. s.Stf. PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895). (10)
e.Yks. (R.S. ) (n) e.Fif. I geid a glower in at the hallan-winnock
i' the bye-comin', LATTO Tarn Bodkin (1894) v. (12) Gall. Bitterly
did I regret I had done my by courtings so near home, CROCKETT
Grey Man (1896) 230. (13) w.Yks.2 (14) Sc. They are all for
by-ends, STEVENSON Catriona (1892) xviii. (15! s.Wor. (H.K.)
(16, a) n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 We'll hae neea by-gangs an that mak o'
wark. m.Yks.1 (b) n.Yks. Let by-gangs be by-gangs (T.S.).
(17) Sc. Ye caredna to face the tenants where your beasts had
been taking a rug of their moorland grass in the by -ganging, SCOTT
Rob Roy (1817) xxxv. (18) Sc. King George came in for a few
digs in the by-going, STEVENSON Catriona (1892) xvii. Abd. Ca'
on's freen's at Clinkstyle i' the byegaein, ALEXANDER Johnny
Gibb (1871) xxxviii. (19) n.Yks.2 (20) ib. All was varry mitch
by-heppen'd. (21) n-Lin.1, Nhp.1, Hnt. (T.P.F.) (22) nw.Der.1
(23) Shr.1 [Applied to] land between the natural course of a brook
and the mill-stream, or 'flem.' 'The second annual exhibition
[Bridgnorth Horticult. Soc.] was held on the Bylet yesterday,'
Eddowes' Shrews. Jrn. (Sept. 9, 1874). Mtg. Bits of land on the
banks of the Severn, where osiers are grown for basket-making
(E.R.M.). (34) n.Yks.2, Der.2, nw.Der.1 (25) w.Sus. (E.E.S.)
(26) n.Yks.2 (27) Per. Ye live in a by-neuk o' the parish (G.W.).
(28) e.Dev. Yeue, mai dove, that abaid'th in ... th' bai-paarts o' th'
stairs, PULMAN Sng. Sol. (1860) ii. 14. (29) [Term used at railway
stations (B.K.).] (30) w.Yks. Often the drawing pit by which the
coal is drawn (S.J.C.). (31) ne.Lan.1 [(K.)] (32, a) Sc. QAM.
Suppl.~), Or.I. (J.G.), Bnff.1 Per. Nane o' yer by-pits here (G.W.).
(b) Sc, (JAM. Suppl.) (c) Bnff.1 (33) Bnff.1 (34, a) Ctun.i
(b) w.Yks.23, Der.2, nw.Der.1 (35) Cum. (J.P.) (36, a) n.Yks.2 (61
m.Yks.1 Usually applied to a distinctively-featured byway, as one
which is paved, used by vehicles, or flanked at intervals by some
kind of structure, (c) Wm. We'll start ta mow t'bye-steeds first
(B.K.). (37) Sc. Monthly Mag. (1798) II. 436; Scotiasms (1787) 13.
3P
BYE
[474]
BY-ORDINARY
(38, n) n.Lin.1 Shr. His father had the farmhouse to live in,
I2s. a week, the use of a cow, had two labourers under him,
and was responsible for the working of the farm of 150 acres,
which was thus a 'by-tag farm' (K.B.). Dev. It was a sort of
by-tack ; that is, a farm sublet by the tenant, Reports Provinc.
(1891). (6) n.Lin.1 He hed th' cliff farm as a by-tak, he alus liv'd
beloa th' hill. w.Wor.1, s.Wor. (H.K.) Shr. They madden up
thar minds to goo an live at a bytack a good way off, an' try an'
o'erget the bfiogies, BURNE Flk-Lore (1883) vi ; Shr.1 Theer'll be
a foundation o' housen to be 'ad, for one 'afe o' the farms bin let
bytack. Hrf. MORTON Cydo. Agric. (1863) ; Hrf.1 2 (39) Shr.1 The
left handle is called the' master-tail," and is fastened to thefootofthe
plough ; Shr.2 (40) Sc. I've aye a book for by-time. At a by-time,
now and then, occasionally (JAM. Suppl.). Lan. They still met at
by-times, WAUGH Tufts of Heather, 221. n.Lin.1 He couldn't write
when he was thoty year ohd, bud he toht his sen at by-times. (41)
w.Som.1 In ploughing a field, one half of the furrows are turned in
one direction, and the other in the opposite. A freshly-ploughed
field has the appearance of alternate strips of furrows, thus lying
in opposite directions. These strips meet alternately in a buy-
voa'ur and 'a all-vore' — the former where the last furrow of one
is turned towards the first of the next strip ; and the latter, when
these two are turned away from each other, leaving a trench
between. ' In gatherin, you know, they've a-got vor to make a
by-vore, and in drowin abroad they makes a all-vore.' Dev. Reports
Provinc. (1884)14. nw.Dev.1 (42) n.Yks.(I.W.) w.Yks.(S.K.C.);
Also termed ' th' dam-stones' (J.T.). Lan. ^V. & Q. (1852) ist
S. v. 250. (43) n.Yks. We'll seeave this for a by-watch (I.W.).
(44) Wm. Ther's a bye-way ta t'public-house (.B.K.). (45, a)
Cum. I mak' no doobt he thought it was a bye-wipe, CAINE Hagar
(1887) III. 2. Wm.1 Nin o thi by-wipes ! n.Yks.2, w.Yks.1,
n.Lin.1 (6) n-Lin.1
9. In phr. (i) Bye attour, moreover; (2) to lay by, to
finish work ; (3) to put a person by, to interrupt, disconcert,
put out.
(i) Ayr. Bye attour, my gutcher has A hich house and a laigh
ane, BURNS Gat ye me. (2) w.Yks. (S.K.C.) ; Ah s'l lay by a bit
sooiner to-neet, as Ah want to get home (J.T.). (3) Lei. I forget
what I meant to say, you've put me by (C.E.).
BYE, sb. Nhb.1 The line from which each player
first shoots in a game at marbles.
BYES, sb. pi. Som. [baiz.]
1. The corners and ends of a field which cannot be
reached by the plough, and must be dug by hand ; also
called bats (see Bat, sb.1 HI. 3). w.Som.1
2. Furrows.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
BYEST, see Buist, sb.2
BYET, sb. Nhb. In phr. to leave some byet, to leave
some work undone.
Nhb. She's flaid te deeth aw've left some byet, WILSON Pitman's
Pay(i843)g; ' Leaving some by et ' means [that one] has not hewed
the number of corves ' placed ' him by the overman, ib. Note ; Nhb.1
BYE WELL,//ir. n.Lin. The town well, or perennial
spring, at North Kelsey.
n.Lin. It is said that whoever drinks of it never wishes to leave
the place, IV. & Q. (1870) 4th S. vi. in.
BYFLETE, sb. Chs. A piece of land cut off by the
change of a river's course, which used to belong to
the other side.
Chs.1 On this account, when a brook divides two people's
property, one frequently sees odd little corners which belong to
the owner at the other side of the water ; the land having changed
sides, but not ownership. The fencing of such detached little bits
often causes a good deal of trouble and annoyance ; each side
repudiates the work ; Chs.3
[By+flete (ON.jl/ot), a stream.]
BYG, see Big, v.2
BYGONE, sb. and adj. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Lan. Also
written -gane Sc. Nhb.1 ; -geane Cum.
1. sb. The past, bygone days.
Kcb. I had seen all this in the bygone, Away in the other years,
ARMSTRONG Musings (1890) 3.
2. In phr. in the by-gaun, in passing, by the way;
incidentally.
Slk. Gied it a kick in the by-gaun, CHR. NORTH Noctes(ed. 1856) II.
50. Ayr. Dannie merits mair from me than the mere mention of
his name in the bygaun, SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887) 44 ; I would
slip roon the back way . . . and leuk after Robin in the byegaun, ib.
Notandtims (1890) 19. Lnk. Every ane she sees she tells to ca'
on me in the by-gaun, FRASER Whaups ,1895) xiii.
3. ppl. adj. Past, ago, gone by.
Sc. There has been a lusty good-looking kimmer of some forty
or bygane, SCOTT Nigel (1822) xiv ; A gude wheen years bygane,
ib. St. Rattan (1824) ii. Lth. What for need I make my mane. Sin'
thae auld times are lang byegane, BALLANTINE Poems (18561 139.
Slk. I ask ye gin Kate hasna been oot o' her bed for some nights
bygane, HOGG Tales (1838) 2, ed. 1866. Nhb.1 Cum. Now four
years are by-geane, red Robin, Sin furst thou com singin to me,
ANDERSON Ballads (1808) Redbreest. Lan. Robbed fro' Scarsdale
lond a hunderd year byegone, KAY-SHUTTLEWORTH Scarsdale
(1860) II. 307.
[3. Mony years bygane, STUART Joco-Ser. Disc. (1686)
36.]
BY-HAND(S, adj. and adv. Sc. Nhb.
1. adj. Casual, accidental ; devious, underhand.
Ayr. The merriment and jocularity that his wily by-hand ways
used to cause among his neighbours, GALT Provost (1822) xxiii ;
Pass me off as a by-hand job, ib. Sir A. Wylie (1822) xxxviii.
2. adv. Finished, settled ; aside.
Abd. The wark is feckly a' byehan', Guidman InglismailKiSis)
37. Ayr. For the present, set the twa questions by hands, for
I've got dreadful news, GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822) Ixiii. Nhb.1
BYKE, see Bike.
BYLE, sb. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Der. Not.
Lin. Lei. Nhp. Won Shr. Som. Written bile Nhb.1 Dur.1
Cum.1 n.Yks.1 e.Yks.1 w.Yks.2 e.Lan.1 nw.Der.1 s.Not.
n.Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 Lei.1 Nhp.1 Shr.1 ; beighe Lan. ; bwile
Som. [bail.] A boil.
Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892). Nhb.1, Dur.1, Cum.1, n.Yks.1
e.Yks. Bayn's getten a bile on his aym [arm] an can't cum ti skeeal,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889); e.Yks.1, w.Yks.2 Lan. Lug me till
my yed wur as sore as a beighl, STATON Rivals (1888) 5. e.Lan.1,
nw.Der.1 s.Not. He's gor a bile on the back of 'is neck (J.P.K.).
n.Lin.1 To smart like a bile. sw.Lin.1 There's another boy agate
with a gum-bile. Lei.1, Nhp.1, Wor. (J.W.P.), Shr.1 Som.
JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng. (1869).
[Houndis camen, and lickiden hise bilis, WYCLIF (1388)
Luke xvi. 21 ; Bile and blister, Cursor M, (c. 1300) 6011.
OE. byl.]
BYLEAKINS, see Byrlakin(s.
BYLEDDY, see Byrlady.
BY -LIKE, adv. w.Yks.4 Same word as Belike, q. v.
BY-NAME, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Lin.
Also Cor. Also written bye-name Sc. Cor. ; by-neamm
Cum.1 ; bynaam Wm.1 [bai'-nem, -neani.] A name other
than the principal or main one ; a sobriquet ; a nickname.
Sc. The inferior sort o' people, ye'll observe, are kend by sorts
o' bye-names some o' them, as Glaiket Christie, and the Dewke's
Gibbie, Scorr Guy M. (1815) v ; Orig. the epithet to one's name,
which almost everyone had. . . . The by-name was an absolute
necessity in clans, fishing villages, &c., where there were many
persons of the same name. ... To the boys of my time these were
nicknames ; but to our parents and the older people the by-names
were simply distinctive (JAM. Suppl.}. OrJ. (J.G.) Ayr. 'Jock
Regairdless ' was the byename he got, SERVICE Notandums ( 1890)
13. N.Cy.1, Nhb. (R.O.H.), Cum.1, Wm. (B.K.), Wm.1 n.Yks.
Trucky was his by-neeam (I.W.). ne.Yks.1 In common use.
m.Yks.1 Bynames, attaching to persons, are a feature of the manu-
facturing district, and esp. of the clothing villages. But the practice
of conferring bynames prevails more gen. in the rural localities.
The village is known by a byname ; the church, chapel, or meeting-
barn have their homely equivalents in such phrases as ' t'aud
hoose,' 't'aud pleace,' &c. w.Yks. (J.T.) ; w.Yks.3 Some names
are so common that it is almost necessary to have the byname.
Lan. Billy Alone, as some folk co'n him for a by-name. WAUGH
Hermit Cobbler, i. Lin. (J.C.W.), nXin.1, w.Cor. (M.A.C.)
[He got himself a by-name, and everie man called him
Epaminondas, HOLLAND Plutarch's Morals (1603) 207.]
BYNE, sb. lObs. Cmb. Malt.
Cmb. (K.) ; GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.)
BY-ORDINARY, adj. and adv. Sc. Also in form
•ordinar, -or'ner ; see below.
1. adj. Extraordinary, out of the common. See By,
prep. II. 14 (2), 15 (8).
Sc. Ye hae paid her by-ordinar attention, SWAN Aldersyde (ed.
1892) 234 ; Something by-ordinary maun have happened in the
BYOUS
[475]
BYRLEY-MAN
town, WHITEHEAD Ai/yZ>aw<;(i876)2ii ; They thought there was
something in it by ordinar, SCOTT Redg. (1824) Lett. xi. Sh.I.
(K.I.), Or.I. (J.G.) Kcd. Scores o' things She notit as by-ordinar',
GRANT Lays (1884) 4. Per. Very common (G.W.) ; They hed a
by-ordinar' sermon frae the student, IAN MACLAREN Auld Lang
Syne (1895) 86. Rnf. By-or'ner looks o' comfort, NEILSON Poems
(1877) 44. Ayr. There is nothing by ordinar' happening (J.F.).
e.Lth. There was a by-ordinar congregation that day, HUNTER
J. Inwick (1895) 70.
2. adv. Unusually, remarkably.
Sc. A by-ordinary bonny blink of morning sun on Arthur's Seat,
STEVENSON Catriona (1892) xii. Arg. The kings of the land fairies
are by-ordinar big, MUNRO Pibroch (1896) 160. Fif. He puts them
whiles by-ordinar' weel, ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 129. Rnf. A
by-ordinar' good man, GILMOUR Weavers (1876) i. Lnk. A decent
beggar's by-ordinar' guid company, FRASER Whaups (1895) xiii.
e.Lth. A by-ordinar healthy pairish, HUNTER/. Inwick 1^1895) 159.
Gall. Unless a chance opens by-ordinar' sure, CROCKETT Raiders
(1894) xvii.
BYOUS, adj. and adv. Sc. Also written bias (JAM.).
[bai'as.]
1. adj. Extraordinary, wonderful.
Sc. A byas life wi sic a man, sma' wonder she was dwynin', ROY
Horseman's Wd. (1895) xxxix. Abd. Man, ye're a byous ban' for
breedin fyke, Guidman Inglismaill (1873) 30 ; Our faithfu' servant
Colonel Stuart . . . met nae bias courtesy, St. Johnstoun (1823) II.
276. nw.Abd. Is this you, in sic a byous day ? Goodwife (1867)
st. 6. Per. (G.W.)
Hence Byouslie, adv. remarkably, very. Cld., Lth.
GAM.)
2. adv. Extraordinarily, wonderfully.
Abd. A byous clever chiel, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) ix;
We had a byous weety time, GRANT Lays ^1884) i. Per. Very
common. Ye're byous lazy (G.W.). Rnf. But was't no truly
byous strange, YOUNG Pictures (1865) 24.
[By (prep.), more than, beyond + -ous (adjl. suff.), as in
marvellous.]
BY-PAST, ppl. adj. and sb. Sc. Cam. Yks. Der. Also
Glo. (?)
1. ppl. adj. Past, bygone, gone by. Cf. bygone.
Sc. These thirty years bypast, SCOTT Bride of Lam. (1819) v.
Gall. There were things by past that I was now sorry for, CROCKETT
Grey Man (1896) 18. Cum. It brings that that's by-past, and sets
it down here, BLAMIRE Poet. Wks. (ed. 1842) Auld Robin Forbes.
n.Yks.1 e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.) m.Yks.1 w.Yks.1 It's some days
by-passed. Der.2, nw-Der.1 Glo. For many years bypast, GISSING
Both of this Parish (1889) I. 325.
2. sb. The time gone by ; in //. bygones.
n.Yks.2 e.Yks.1 Let by-pasts be by-past, MS. add. (T.H.)
[Haldin about a zere (year) bypast, WINZET Tractates
(1563), ed. Hewison, I. 56.]
BYRE, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Not. Lei. Glo. (?) Also written byer N.Cy.12 Nhb.1 Dur.1
Cum. n.Yks.2; byar N.Cy.1 [bair, bai'a(r).]
1. A cow-house.
Sc. Bring a kow to the hall, and she will to the byre again,
RAY Prov. (1678) 362 ; My barns, my byres, and my faulds, a' weil
filPd, SCOTT Minstrelsy (1802) II. 79, ed. 1848; If the law canna
protect my barn and byre, ib. Rob Roy (1817) xxvi. nw.Abd. To
lie ayont the byre, Goodwife (1867) st. 8. Frf. Fastened to stakes
in byres or feeding-houses, STEPHENS Farm Bk. (ed. 1849)
I. 187 ; Not a barn or a byre in the district that had not its horse-
shoe over the door, BARRIE Licht (1888) 54. Fif. Couches at night
with oxen in the byre, TENNANT Anster (1812) xlv. Ayr. Ye've
trusted 'ministration To chaps, wha, in a barn or byre, Wad better
fill'd their station Than courts yon day, BURNS Dream (1786) st. 5;
One of our cows . . . fell in coming from the glebe to the byre, GALT
Ann. Parish (1821) xii. Lth. In the byre amang the kye, Sleepin'
soun' an' fast, SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 25. Gall. The cattle
starved in the byres, CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (1895) 24. Ir. Unless
he takes the cows out of the byre or the bed from anundher us,
what in the wide earth is there for him ? CARLETON Traits Peas.
(1843) I- 7- N.I.1, Dwn. (C.H.W.) Ldd. At dead of night, . . .
an elf will often enter the byre, and shoot a small sharp stone,
HENDERSON Flk-Lore (1879) vi. Cav. (M.S.M.) Wxf. The lowing
of cows was heard from the byre, KENNEDY Banks Boro (1867)
305. N.Cy.12 Nhb. Aw so him stannin at th' lown end oh the
byer. BEWICK Howdy (1850) 10; Nhb.1 The mucking o' Geordie's
byre. Dnr. We've gitten a grand new byre belt (J.E.D.) ; Dur.1
e.Dur.1 Keep the cows' bier clean. Cum. We've kye i' the byre,
ANDERSON Ballads (1808) 51 ; T'spea'd in t'byre's gettin' far worn,
RIGBY Midsummer (1891) xiii ; GROSE (1790). Win. & Cum.1 I can
pleugh, sow, mow, muck a byre, 225. n.Yks.12, ne.Yks.1 e.Yks.
He gans inti byre An fills a awd hen wi sum wheels an sum wire,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 45. m.Yks.1, w.Yks.2 Lan. He fed an"
looked after his own cattle ; he cleaned his own byre, WAUGH
Jannock (1874) viii ; Lan.1, n.Lan.1, Not (W.H.S.), Lei.1 Glo.
She listened breathlessly, and heard a cow low in the byre,
GISSING Vill. Hampden (1890) II. xiv.
2. Cotnp. (i) Byre-man, the man who attends to the
cattle on a farm ; (2) -time, time for bringing cows to the
byre ; (3) -woman, the woman who attends to the cows
on a farm.
(i) e.Lth. Ye stinkin brock o' an Irish byreman, HUNTER /.
Inwick (,1895) 237. Gall. (A.W.), e-Dur.1 (2) Sc. ' Is Mistress
Cam'll awa', Susan ? ' ' Ay, it was byre-time," SWAN Gates of Eden
(ed. 1895) ii. (3) Slk. Him that kissed our byre-woman, HOGG
Tales (1838) 26, ed. 1866.
[It was laied to his charge the drivyng of kine hem to
his father's byre, BULLEYN Dial. (1573) 4 ; A byre, cow-
house, bouile, LEVINS Manip. (1570). OE. byre (pi.),
'mapalia' (Corpus Gl.).]
BYRLADY, int. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Not. Lei.
Shr. Written birlady n.Yks. Der.2 nw.Der.1; and in
forms bilady, belady Lan. ; byleddy w.Yks.124 ; bileddy
s.Chs.1; beleddy w.Yks. Stf.1 Der.1 nw.Der.1 ; be(l)ledda
w.Yks. ; bi t'leddy w.Yks.1 Contr. of By our Lady, used
as a petty oath or expletive. See Byrlakin(s.
n.Yks. Birlady ! but my barne shall never be A battingstock for
her, thou's plainly see, MERITON Praise Ale (1684) 1. 611 ; GROSE
(1790). w.Yks. Belledda ! o'st not be surproized if there's a
plague it tahn afooar long, BYWATER Sheffield Dial. (1839) 8 ;
Beledda, lad, O think thah's getten a soft place e the toll-dish, ib.
Shewild Ann. (1853) i ; Beleddy, dame, it's t'owd church bells,
SENIOR Smithy Rhymes (1882) 37 ; w.Yks.124 Lan. Ay, bilady,
I remember him, WAUGH Hermit Cobbler, iii. s.Lan. BAMFORD
Dial. (1846) 17. Chs.1 ; Chs.3 By leddy me ! s.Chs.1 Ay, bileddy
con I, 65. Stf.1 ; Stf.2 The form ' by'r Lady ' was heard occas.
in n.Stf. about sixty years ago. Boi led! ei, oi'l put sort on yar
tllz [i. e. thrash you] wen oi kech ya ! Der. GROSE (1790) ; Cassie
mun ha" hers, beleddy, mun she, VERNEY Stone Edge (1868) iii ;
N. & Q. (1880) 6th S. i. 42 ; Der.2, nw.Der.1 Not. Only used by
old people. Byrlady ! you don't say so ! (L.C.M.) Lei.1 Obs.
Shr.1
[By'r lady, I think it be so, SHAKS. Much Ado, in. iii. 89.]
BYRLAKIN(S, int. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Also in
forms byleakins Chs.2; bileakins Lan. ; beleakins Lan.1
Stf.1 Der.2 nw.Der.1; belakins w.Yks.2 ; belakin Der.1;
by laekin Chs.3 A contr. of By our Ladykin, used as a
petty oath or expletive. See Byrlady.
w.Yks.2 Lan. GROSE (1790) ; By'r lakins, thinks aw, this'll do,
HARLAND Wilsons (1865) 45. n.Lan. Bi leakins ! au've meyde o
brast ont, SCHOLES Tim Gamwattle (1857) 47. Lan.1, Chs.128,
Stf.1, Der.12, nw.Der.1
[By'r lakin, I can go no further, SHAKS. Temp. HI. iii. i.]
BYRLAW, sb. Obsol. Cum. Yks. Also written
byarlaw Cum.1 ; bierlaw, byerlaw w.Yks.2 ; byelaw
m.Yks.1 w.Yks.4
1. A custom or law established in a township or village.
Cum.1 w.Yks. Yks. N. & Q. (1888) II. 16.
2. A district having its own byrlaw court, or local law.
w.Yks. The above (i.e. Ecclesfield, Greno Firth, Southey Soke,
Wadsley) are the four byer laws, or divisions of the parish,
and the four churchwardens used separately to collect in their
respective byer laws, ./V. & Q. (1850) ist S. ii. 92 ; w.Yks.2 The
parishes or townships of Ecclesfield, Rotherham, and Bradfield
are divided into bierlaws ; w.Yks.4 The townships of Ecclesal and
Brightside are called byerlaws.
3. A parish meeting for overseers' business.
n.Yks. Bellman : O, yes ! O yes !— this is to gi'e n&atidge !
Awe', aweay to t'bahlaw, to t'Skeal-hoose, at seven o'clock
to-neet, ROBINSON Dial. m. Yks.
[Byrlaw or laws of burlaw (leges rusticorum), laws made
by husbandmen concerning neighbourhood, to be kept
among themselves, BLOUNT (1670) ; A byrelawe, agraria,
plebiscitum, Cath. Angl. (1483).]
BYRLEY-MAN, see Birlie-man.
BYSACK
[476]
BYZEN
BYSACK, sb. Obs. ? Ken. A satchel, or small wallet.
Ken.1 ; Ken.2 A kind of wallet, for a man to carry anything
from market in. [Not known to our correspondents.]
[By (as in by-name) + sack.]
B\'S(E,prep. Sc.
1. Compared with, in comparison with.
Abd. Little to be expeckit fae them, by'se fae the set of leernt
men, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xviii. Per. He's old byse
me. In common use (G.W.).
2. Besides, in addition to.
Per. Three or four by's me (G.W.).
[By (prep.) + -es, advb. suff.; cp. ME. agayns, under
Against.]
BYSEN, sb. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Also
written bizon Nhb. Dur. N.Cy.1 n.Yks.2; bisen Cum.
n.Yks.1 ne.Yks.1 ; bizen Nhb.1 Cum. Lan. ; byzen Cum.
Lan.1; bison Nhb.1 n.Yks.2; bysonNhb.; bysson n.Yks.2;
barzon n.Yks.2 m.Yks.1 ; bazpn n.Yks.2 w.Yks. ; bizzen
Cum.1 [baizan, bi-zsn.] A disgrace, shame ; a spectacle
of ridicule or contempt ; sometimes in phr. a shame and
a bysen. Also used attrib.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. The reck'ning, my saul ! was a bizon, MIDFORD
Sngs. (1818) 69 ; Te get her husband a nick nyem, an' myek him
a holy byzin, Keelmin's Ann. (1869) 12 ; Nhb.1 She's thai dressed,
she's a fair bizen. 'And was I not a very wise one To gang and
make my-sel' a by-zon?' STUART Joco-Ser. Disc. (1686). ' A bison
sight, on Monday night, The worst that ere you saw,'RoBSON Bards
ofTyne (1849). Dur. She called him a bizon, Denham Tracts (ed.
1895) II. 5. Cum. Twas a shem and a byzen, ANDERSON Ballads
(1808) 63 ; The authors of a shame and a bizen like this, LINTON
Lizzie Lorton (1867) xxi ; Cum.1 Wm.1 Thou'll be a shem en
a bysen ! n.Yks.1 Loo' ye ! Didst 'ee iwer see sike a mucky
bisen! 'What a "holy bisen" she be, for seear': spoken of
a tawdrily dressed female. The allusion prob. points to the
custom, practised within the memory of living men in some of our
Dales churches, of setting offenders against morality, supposed or
required to be penitents, arrayed in white sheets, on the stool of
repentance during the hours of Divine Service ; n.Yks.2 A greedy
barzon. What a holy barzon ! ne.Yks.1 Thoo mucky bahzen.
m.Yks.1 A good to- (for-) nothing barzon. Lan. It'll be a sham
an a bizen if we connot find him a menseful bit of a dinner,
WAUGH Jannock (1872) ii ; Lan.1
JCp. ON. bysn, a wonder, a portentous thing; OE.
bysen, an example.]
BY-SHOT, sb. Sc. (JAM.) One who is set aside for
an old maid.
Sc. On Fastren's Een [Shrove Tuesday], bannocks [are] baked
of the eggs, which have been previously dropped into a glass
amongst water, for divining the weird of the individual to whom
each egg is appropriated ; she who undertakes to bake them,
whatever provocation she may receive, must remain speechless
duringthe whole operation. ' If she cannot restrain her loquacity,
she is in danger of bearing the reproach of a by-shot,' TARRAS
Poems (1804) 72 (note). .
BYSPEL(L, sb. and adv. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Chs. Also written bispel N.Cy.12 ; and in form bvspelt
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 ; -spale (JAM.).
1. sb. One who has become a byword for any remarkable
quality.
Rxb. He's just a byspale. He's nae byspel mair than me
CAM.).
2. A mischievous person ; applied gen. to youngsters ;
an awkward figure.
n.Cy. (K.); N.Cy.1 Nhb.' Obs. Cum. Thow byspell, thou !
(M.P. ) ; Cum.1 ; Cum.3 Tak' care o' my collar — thou byspel ! I'll
shoot, 41. Wm.1 w.Yks. WILLAN List IVds. (1811).
3. An illegitimate child.
Rxb. (JAM.) n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.2 w.Yks. HUTTON
Tour to Caves (1781). Chs.128
4. adv. Exceedingly, remarkably.
Rxb. Byspel weel (JAM.).
[The word orig. meant a proverb or parable. Bigspel
signifies a by-word or proverb ; or (as it is used in the
North) By-spell, BLOUNT (1670), s.v. Gospel; Her-bi men
segget a bi-spel (proverb), Owl &» N. (c. 1225) 127. OE.
(Nhb.) bispell, a parable (Matt. xxi. 33).]
BYSSUM, see Besom, sb.'
BYST(E, see Boist, sb.1
BYTHE, 56. Ken. The black spots on linen produced
by mildew. Cf. abited. Ken.1
Hence Bythy, adj. spotted with mildew.
Ken.1 When she took the cloth out it was all bythy [bei-thi]
BY-THE-WIND, sb. Wil.1 Clematis vitalba, wild
clematis or traveller's joy.
BY TOKEN, phr. Sc. Irel. Also written betoken, see
below. In phr. more by token, besides, moreover ; used
to introduce a confirmatory statement.
Sc. It's a bit o' the tenony hough, mair by token that yours,
Maggie, is out o' the back sey, SCOTT Bride of Lam. (1819)
xxxiv ; My auntie thought it very kind of the man, more by token
as he would carry her bundle and basket, WHITEHEAD Daft Davie
(1876) 215. Ir. More betoken, that one pint of it was worth
a keg of this wash of yours, CARLETON Traits Peas. (1843) I- «>•
s.Ir. I knew the proud toss of Janaway's head, more betoken the
white coat of him makes him so noticeable, LOVER Leg. (1848) II.
395-
BYTTE, sb. Obs. War. Won A bottle or flagon.
War. THORESBY Lett. (1703). Wor. The leathern baggs in
which they formerly carried water from the Severn to particular
houses in the city of Worcester were called Byttes, and each
horse load of water was termed a bytte of water (K.).
[OE. byt, bytt.}
BYUN, see Aboon.
BYUNESS, see Bune-house.
BYV, see Biv.
BY- WORD, sb. Sc. Irel. Wm. Stf. [bai'-ward, -wad.]
A proverb, proverbial saying ; a catch-word or phr. char-
acteristic of the user.
Arg. They say ... in the by-word, MUNRO Pibroch (1896) 117.
Ayr. It's an auld byword and true that delays are dangerous,
GALT Lairds (1826) xxxii. Gall. Ye ken what the auld by-word
says, ' Set a caird on a cuisser an he'll ride to the Deevil,' NICHOL-
SON Hist. Tales (1843) 128. N.I.1 Paddy Loughran seen a ghost
that had come to frighten him, but he only sayd, ' Ye're late,' an
with that the bye- word riz, 'Ye're late, as Paddy Loughran sayd
t'the ghost.' Wm. It's a bye-word o' his — ' it's a gay fine day like '
(B.K.). s.Stf. It's a honest byword as a rollin' stone gethers no
moss, MURRAY Rainbow Gold (1886) 78.
[OE. bl-word, proverb.]
BYZANT, see Besom, sb.1
BYZEN, see Bisson.
[4771
CA, sb. Sc. A pass, or defile between hills.
Sth. By the heights of Lead-na-bea-kach until you arrive at the
Ca (the slap or pass) of that hill, Statist. Ace. XVI. 168 (JAM.).
CA, see Caw.
CA', see Calf, Call.
CAA, sb. Nhb.1 Also written caw. A tin pail.
CAA, v. I.W. Also written kaa I.W.1 To cry like
a rook.
I.W.1 What bi'st caaun about like that vor ?
CAA, see Car.
CAA-, see Caw-.
CA(A, see Call.
CAAD, see Cold.
CAAKER, see Calker, Corker.
CAAL, sb. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Written call N.Cy.1
w.Yks.1 ; cawl e.Lan.1
1. A mill-dam or weir ; the outlet of water from a dam.
Nhb.1 He was fishin below the caall, and tumbled into the
wettor. w.Yks.1 Called also a by-wash and dam stones. Not in
common use. e.Lan.'
2. Comp. (i) Call-back, the weir or dam put across
a river or stream to turn water to the mill ; (2) -head, the
top of a weir or dam crossing a stream.
(i) N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Sometimes called a ' caa-back.' (2) ib.
CAAM-, see Camb-.
CAAMERAL, see Cambrel.
CAAN, see Call.
CAAPIE, sb. Sh.I. A heavy stone used as a sinker
to a fishing-line.
S. ftOrk/One of these, with a buoy- rope attached to it, is
fastened to each end of a ground-line, and at intermediate distances
small sinkers, called bighters, are fixed to keep the line at the
bottom, and to prevent the tide from carrying it too rapidly along.
[ON. koppu-steinn, a boulder, round stone ; see JAKOBSEN
Norsk in Shetland (1897) 87.]
CAAR, see Calf, Cower.
CAAR-, see Car-.
CAAS(E, see Cause.
CAASY, see Causey.
CAAT, see Can.
CAAW, see Cow.
CAAYVINS, see Cavings.
CAB, sb.1 and v.1 Bck. Som. Dev. Cor. [kaeb.l
1. sb. A sticky mass ; anything dirty, wet, or clammy ;
a cold sweat.
Bck. A mother will tell her child ' to come away and not make
such a cabb," GROSE (1790) MS. add. (1/1.) w.Som.1 U guurt kab
u duung [a great cake of dung]. Dev. There's cabs awl awver thease
yer plate, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) ; Dev.1 Linen laid by moist
and rumpled is said to be ' all of a cab.' nw.Dev.1 Cor. Cabs and
cauches, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Cor.12; Cor.3 Badly cooked
rice all cohering is a cab.
Hence Cabby, adj. sticky, adhesive, dirty, muddy ;
used also of weather.
w.Som.1 This here bread's propper kab'ee. Dev. ' A proper
cabby day.' ' What do you mean by cabby, Dick ? ' ' Well, sir,
I reckon it be a zamzedy sort o" weather,' Reports Provinc. (1889) ;
Daw'nt yd niver bring sich a beastly cabby theng tU me again,
HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892). s.Dev. The road's cruel cabby after
the rain (G.E.D.). Dev.1 Cor.1 A cabby mess ; Cor.2
2. Anything slovenly or untidy. Cor.1
3. A clumsy person. Cor.8
VOL. i.
4. v. To clog with dirt, to soil by handling.
w.Som.1 No wonder the machine 'ont work, he's all a-cab'd up
way graise. nw.Dev.1, Cor.1
Hence Cabbed, ppl. adj. blotched, messy, soiled by
handling ; sometimes with adv. up.
Dev. Cabbed like the glaze on inferior earthenware, Trans.
Phil. Soc. (1854) 84. Cor.2
CAB, s6.2 Cor.1 [kasb.] A horny gall on the hand
caused by friction. Cf. cabarouse, sb.
CAB, sb? Sus. [kasb.J A small number of persons
secretly united in the performance of some undertaking.
See Cabal, sb.
Sus. Rarely heard (E.E.S.) ; HOLLOWAY; Sus.1
CAB, v? Sc. Slang, [cab.] To pilfer. See Cab-
bage, v.
Sc. (JAM.) e.Ltb. Juist anither o' their dodges to cab a wheen
Leeberal votes, HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) 115. Slang. Among
schoolboys : to pilfer, to use a ' crib ' (FARMER).
CAB AGGED, ppl. adj. Cor. Also in form cabag(g)led
Cor.12 Covered with mud or dust, dirty. See Cabbled.
Cor.1 ; Cor.2 (s. v. Cabbed, Keddened.)
CABAJEEN, sb. Obs. Yks. A cloak with a hood to
it, formerly worn by women.
n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 Worn more than a century ago.
[The same as lit. E. capuchin(e, a cloak and hood, made
like the dress of a capuchin friar. With bonnet blue
and capuchine, GRAY Long Story (c. 1771). Picard dial.
capuchin, Fr. capucin, a friar of the order of St. Francis,
a capuchin (LITTRE').]
CABAL, sb. and v. Sc. Wm. Yks. Not. Nhp. War.
Hnt. Cor. Also in form cabbie Bnff.1 [kaba'l, kabaj-l.j
1. sb. A group of people met together for gossip ; some-
times a party of drinkers. Cf. cab, sb?
Slk. To keep cabals o' drinkers in my house, HOGG Tales (1838)
320, ed. 1866. s.Not. There wor Jane, an' Hoppy, an' Sal, an'
the hull cabal on 'em i' the lane (J.P.K.).
Hence Caballing, vbl. sb. gossiping, chattering.
w.Yks. They hewant time ta clean em for caballin an traypesin
abaht, Pogmoor Olm. (1891) 13.
2. A great noise of talking, &c.
Wm. T'ducks, an' hens, an' geese mak a reg'lar cabal at t'fauld
when they want sarrain'. They war makkin' a fine auld cabal at
t'public-hoose last neet (B.K.). Nhp.1 What a cabal you're
making. War.3, Hnt. (T. P. F.) w.Cor. What a cabal ! I can't hear
myself speak (M.A.C.). Cor."
8. A violent dispute.
Bnff.1 Faht's a' the cabbie aboot ?
4. v. To quarrel, dispute, find fault with.
Bnff.1 Ye needna cabbie aboot it wee 'im. He's eye cabblin" at
the puir bit thing o' a lassie aboot faht she canna help.
Hence (i) Cabblan, vbl. sb. dispute, quarrelling ; (2)
Cabblin, ppl. adj. querulous, troublesome.
Bnff.1 They're keepin' an unco cabblan aboot that thing. He's
a cabblin' bodie.
[1. A cabal (private confederacy), conciliabulutn, COLES
(1679). Fr. cabale, a secret assembly of intriguers ; see
LITTRE.]
CABAROUSE, sb. Cor.2 A gall, < callous,' thickening
or hardening of the skin. Cf. cab, sb.2
CABAROUSE, v. Cor.12 Seaman's term: to pull
altogether at a rope with shouting and singing.
CABBACK, see Kebbuck.
3Q
CABBAGE
[478]
CACK
CABBAGE, sb.1 Sc. n.Cy. Yks. Lan. Chs. Not. Lin.
Also written cabbish Yks.; cabbitch Chs.1; kabbige
Lan. [ka'bidg.]
1. In phr. (i) Bacon cf one side an' cabbage o' th' uther,
said of exceedingly fine cabbages ; (2) green as a yellow
cabbage, said of one who assumes ignorance or innocence ;
(3) to run all day on a cabbage-leaf, to be a poor runner.
(i) n.Lin.1 (a) e.Yks. As green as a yalla cabbish, NICHOLSON
Flk-Sp. (1889) 19. (3) Not.2
2. The head. ne.Lan.1
3. Comp. (i) Cabbage-daisy, the globe-flower, Trollius
europaeus ; (2) -fauld, a place where cabbages grow ; (3)
•head, a simpleton, blockhead ; (4) -looking, silly-looking.
(i) Sc. The Lucken Gowan, or Cabbage Daisy of the Scots,
TWEDDELL Hist. Clevel. (1873) 39. (2) n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll.
L.L.B.) (3) s.Chs.1 Ky'aab-ij-yed. nXln.1 I niver heard o' sich
an' a cabbage-head in all my life. (4) Lan. We're not so green as
we're kabbige-lookin', tha knows, New Wkly. (Jan. la, 1895") 7.
Chs.1
CABBAGE, sb? and v. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Lin. War. Brks. Sur. Dev. Cor. Slang. Also in form
cabbish Nhb. Yks. ; kabish n.Yks. [ka'bidg, kae;bidg.]
1. sb. Shreds of cloth cut off by tailors in cutting out
clothes, and appropriated by them; also larger pieces
purloined.
Dur.1 n.Yks. Av hiard it sed at teliars laik kabish (W.H.).
Lan. Had the tailor appropriated another inch of cabbage,
BRIERLEY Red Wind. (1868) 41. War.3 ' The tailor seems to be
getting very stout on cabbage ' is an unfailing joke with the rustic.
2. v. To appropriate surreptitiously, to pilfer, rob.
Abd. I'll nae think shame to say Ye cabbaged maist an ell,
COCK Simple Strains (1810) II. 133. Ayr. It's an honest calling
a tailor's, and I ne'er heard it said that ye were gien to cabbaging,
GALT Sir A. Wylie (1833) xi. Nhb. The tyelyers cabbish nyen te-
day, WILSON Dicky's ^^-(1843) 81. n.Yks. Hlz nivsr puton ol dhat
kliath i dhat kQat, hil av kabish't 3 bit (W.H.). s.Chs.1 n.Lin.1
Used of petty thefts only. War.3 Where did you get those
turnips from for your rabbits? — I cabbaged them. Brks.1 I zin
a lot o' apples laayin' unner a tree an' zo cabbaged this yer un.
Snr. A dishonest relieving officer is said to have cabbaged the
poor widows (T.S.C.). Dev. A fanner's wife once asked a dress-
maker, ' How much of this dress material have yu cabbaged ?
I'm sartin there idden vowerteen yards in thease scrimpy little
tail,' HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892). Cor.3 Slang. If I cabbage that
ring to-night I shall be all the richer to-morrow, AT. & Q. (1882)
6th S. vi. 210.
3. Schoolboy slang : to copy.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 8, 1884). s.Chs.1 Dhaa)t ev-ur
lahykli gy'et dhi siimz reyt, au'viz ky'aab-ijin of dhem uz noa'n
befur til dhisel [Tha't ever likely get thy sums reight, auvays
cabbagin' off them as known better till thysel]. Slang. FARMER.
[1. Cabbage, whatever is purloined by taylors and
mantua-women from the garments they are to make up,
BAILEY ( 1755). 2. Your tailor, instead of shreds, cabbages
whole yards of cloth, ARBUTHNOT Hist. John Bull (1712)
pt. i. x (FARMER).]
CABBIE, sb. Obs. Sc. A sort of box, made of laths,
which claps close to a horse's side, narrow at the top, so
as to prevent the grain in it from being spilled.
Sth. The other implements of husbandry are harrows, . . .
mattocks, cabbies, Statist. Ace. (1795) XVI. 187 (JAM.).
CABBISH, CABBITCH, see Cabbage.
GABBLED, ppl. adj. Cor. [kae-bld.] Dirty, soiled by
handling. See Cab, sb.1, Cabagged.
Cor. (J.W.) ; (M.A.C.) ; Cor."
CABE, v. Cor. [keb.] To steal fish from the nets
or the carts which carry them to the curing cellars. Cf.
cab, v.x
Cor.3 A term applied to the offence of children at St. Ives in the
pilchard season.
CABER, sb. Sc. Also written cabar, kabar, kebar,
kebbre. A pole, gen. of a young fir-tree ; a rafter, beam ;
esp. as used in the Highland game of 'tossing the caber.'
Sc. They frae a barn a kabar raught, Ane mounted wi' a bang,
RAMSAY Poems (ed. 1800) 1. 378 (JAM.) ; I'll gang to the bougarsof
the house, and tak' a caber and reesle your riggin wi't, N. & Q.
(1880) 6th S. i. 496. n.Sc. Curls of peet reek coiled from the
floor among the cabars, MUNRO Pibroch (,1896) 101. Inv. (H.E.F.)
Ayr. The kebars sheuk Aboon the chorus roar, BURNS Jolly
Beggars (1785) st. 8. Lnk. The thack was a' afft, an' the cabers
were bare, THOMSON Musings (1881^ 18. Gall. I could toss the
caber with any man. CROCKETT Cleg Kelly (1896) 301.
[Gael, cabar, a rafter, cogn. w. Fr. chevron (MACBAIN).]
CABESTA, sb. Cor. Also written cobesta Cor.13
The space between the hook and lead in a fishing-line.
Cor. BOTTERELL Trad. (1870) Gl. ; Cor.1 Used by the Mouse-
hole fishermen ; Cor.3
CAB-HOLE, sb. Yks. [ka'b-oil.] A receptacle for
rubbish.
n.Yks. Used of a deep hole in a wood or embankment (R.H.H.).
w.Yks.5 ' An' a bonny cab-hoil it wor,' says a woman, alluding to
the dirty state of things in a neighbour's house, where she had
been visiting at
CABICAL, see Capical.
CABIN, sb. In gen. dial, use in Eng. A small hut or
shelter used by workmen. Cf. bothie.
Nhb.1 Where aall the twisty, twiney, bad-tempered aad beggors
comes frev 'at gets putten inti cabins beats me ! Geordy's Last.
Nhb., Dur. Overman's, keeker's, or token cabin, NICHOLSON Coal
Tr. Gl. (1888). w.Yks. Huts used by the lead miners, LUCAS
Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1883) Gl. n.Stf. A small hut found on every
pit bank, and used for shelter or warmth by colliers (J.T.). Glo.
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H. ) [Houses in which signalmen are
located and which contain signal and block telegraph apparatus,
levers for working the points, Gl. Lab. (1894).]
[Gurgustium, a cabin, a cottage, COOPER (1565). Fr.
cabane, a shed, or cabine, made of boughs (CoTGR.).]
CABIN, v. nw.Der.1 [ka'bin.] To blindfold.
CABISON, sb. Nhb.1 Also written cabbishin, kabbi-
shin. A sort of nose-band, either of iron, leather, or wood,
used in breaking in a horse.
[Cavecon, a cavachine, or cavasson for a horse's nose,
COTGR. ; Cavezeone, a cavezan, a false rein, FLORIO. Cp.
Sp. cabefdn, a neck-band (MINSHEU).]
CABLE, sb. Nhb.1 n.Lin.1 A long, narrow strip of
ground in an open field.
[The same word as lit. E. cable, a thick rope.]
CABLE, see Capel.
CABOBBLE, v. e.An. Cor. [kabo'bl.] To mystify,
puzzle, confuse.
Nrf.1 Suf.1 Why yow wholly cabobble me. se.Cor. T'ull niver
do for ee to try to cabobble Uncle Zibidee ! PARR Adam and Eve
(1880) xx. Cor.2
CABOOLEN-STONE, sb. Cor. A stone suspended
from a rope, and kept continually plunging, in order to
scare pilchards when in the net, and prevent them from
escaping. See Minnies.
Cor.1 The caboolen-stone is continually thrown into the sea,
a piece of rope being attached to it, until the seine can be drawn
so close together that the fish can be dipped up in baskets ; Cor.2
CABROCH, sb. and adj. Sc. Written cabrach Bnff.1;
cabbrach, kebrach, kebruch. Also in form kebritch.
1. sb. Very lean meat, meat unfit for use. See Skee-
broch.
Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Fif., Lth., Rub. QAM.)
2. A person of disagreeable temper and manners; a big,
uncouth, greedy person.
Bnff. An ill-fart cabroch o' a chiel cam to the door seekin a
licht till's pipe, GREGOR in Notes to Dunbar, III. 49 ; Bnff.1
3. adj. Lean, rapacious.
Abd. Ye'll see the town intill a bonny steer, For they're a thrawn
and root-hewn cabrach pack, Ross Helenore (1768) 99, ed. 1812.
4. Comp. Cabrach-sweetie, a box on the ear.
Abd. I'll gie ye a cabrach sweetie o' the lug (G.W.).
CACHE, see Cadge, v?
CACK, sb.1 Cmb. Hmp. Written kack Hmp.1 [kaek.]
A child's boot or shoe below a certain size.
Cmb.1 I've been doing nothing this last week but make a lot of
cacks. Hmp. (J.R.W.); Hmp.1
Hence Rack-making, vbl. sb. making children's boots
and shoes. Hmp. (J.R.W.) ; Hmp.1
CACK, v.1 Chs. [kak.] To cackle, chatter; to boast.
See Cackle, Cake, v?
Chs.1 Oi've no patience wi that Ann Smith, oo does nowt bur
cack abite their Tummus.
CACK
[479]
CADDIE
CACK, v.2 and sb.2 Sc. Dur. Wm. Yks. Lan. Der. Not.
Lin. Nhp. Suf. Ken. Som. Dev. Cor. Also in form cac
Nhp.1 ; cag- n.Yks. ; kach Bnff.1 ; kack Der.2 nw.Der.1 ;
kacky Sc. QAM.) ; kak Cor. ; kich Bnff.1 [kak, kaek.]
1. v. To void excrement, used esp. of children.
Sc. She cackied Jock for a' his pride, HERD Co/I. (1776) II. 90
(JAM.). Bnff.1, N.Cy.1, Dnr.1 Yks. T'lad was right flayed and
cacked hissen (H.W.). n.Yks. (I.W.) ; (W.H. :; n.Yks.3
e.Yks.i MS. add. (T.H.) e.Lan.1, Der.2, nw.Der.l, s.Not. (J.P.K.),
n-Lin.1, Suf.1, Ken. (K.), w-Som.1
2. sb. Human excrement, dung.
Sc. (JAM.), Bnff.1, N.Cy.', Wm. (B.K.), n.Yks.8 e.Yks.1 MS.
add. (T.H.) s.Not. (J.P.K.), nXin.1, Nhp.*, Suf.1, w.Som.1
3. Comp. (i) Cag-mire, (2) Cakka-manah, human dung.
(i) n.Yks. Ah've step'd i' some cagmire (I.W.). (a) Cor.2
4. ' Muck,' anything very soft.
Cor. But granfer, you must be as soft as kak, CORNWALL
Twice Rescued, 83 ; Common (M.A.C.).
Hence Cacky, adj. soft, flabby, not firm, over-fat.
nw.Dev.1 The ae-uth's all cacky ; it clib'th to my boots lik daw
[dough]. Cor.3 You're awfully cackey, you sweat at once when
you begin work.
[1. Cakkyn, caco, Prompt. ; cp. G. kacken.}
CACK(ER, see Keck(er.
CACK-HANDED, see Keek-handed.
CACKLE, v. and sb. Irel. Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin. Nhp.
War. Wor. Mid. Suf. Wil. Som. Also in form cacka
Chs.1 s.Chs.1 ; cacko Chs.3 [ka'kl, karkl.]
1. v. To chatter, gossip, talk loudly or foolishly. In gen.
colloq. use.
w.Yks. CUDWORTH Horton (1886) Gl. ; Whativver are ta cack-
lin abaht? Sauntered s Satchel (1880) 49. Lan. (S.W.) Chs.1;
Chs.3 Oo cackos like a nowd hen. s.Chs.1 Lis'n ut dhaat' wunrun
ky'aak'uin dheeur [listen at that woman cacka-in' theer]. s.Wor.
(H.K.) Mid. I ain't a chap to cackle, and I ain't above doing a job
of work now and again, Dy. Telegraph (April 8, 1896) 6, col. I.
Suf.1 When ye lah an egg, tho' ta be a' gowd, don't cackle.
Hence Cackling, vbl. sb. chattering, gabbling, tale-
bearing. Used chiefly of women.
u.Lin.1, Nhp.1 War.3 What a cackling those women are making.
2. To stutter, speak indistinctly.
ne.Wor. (J.W.P.) s.Wor. Common (H.K.).
Hence Cackling,/^/, adj. stuttering, stammering.
s.Wor. A be a cacklin' sart ov a bloke, a doan't sim to sahy 'olf
a dozen words strahight-forrard like (H.K.).
3. sb. Loud, foolish talk, noisy gossip or chatter.
w.Yks. (J.R.R.) ; Leeds Merc. Suppl. (May 9, 1885) 8. Lan.
(S.W.), Chs.3 s.Chs.1 Wun)yfl shut yur ky'aak-1 ? [Wun y6 shut
yur cackle?] War. (J.R.W.) Wil. SLOW Gl. (1892). Som.
SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885).
4. A concealed laugh. N.I.1 See Keckle. sb.
CACKLE-STOMACHED, adj. Wor. Also in form
keckle- s.Wor. Having a stomach easily disgusted,
squeamish ; over-particular. See Keckle, adj.
Wor. (W.B.), ne.Wor. (J.W.P.) s.Wor. 'Er be middlin', 'er's
'mos' ready to be a bit cackle-stomached (H.K.).
CACK-MAG, see Cag-mag.
CACKO, see Cackle.
CACORNE, see Keeker.
CAD, sb.1 Lin. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Ken. Slang, [kad,
kaed.] A journeyman shoemaker, butcher, or bricklayer ;
an odd man, messenger. See Caddie.
Lin. Grooms, and all the tag-rag and bobtail hanging round
stables and inn-yards, were always called ' cads,' N. & Q. (1876)
5th S. v. 355. s.Wor. When I was a butcher's cad (H.K.). Shr.,
Hrf. The word is used for one who runs about for anyone, BOUND
Prov. (1876). Ken. (P.M.); Ken.1 His uncle, the shoemaker's cad.
Slang. If he runs short of bricks, he cries out to his ' cad ' for
' Dublin tricks,' BARRETT Life among Navvies (1884) 41 ; FARMER.
CAD, sb.2 e.An. Sus. Som. [kaed.] The youngest
and smallest of a family of any kind, esp. pigs ; also
in //. the small potatoes of a crop.
Cmb. ' Mornin', master, how do yar 'taters tu'n out ? ' ' Well !
bor, nothin' to crake on ; they might be better, only there's so
many cads among 'em,' N. &Q. (1876) sth S. v. 355. Suf. (C.T.)
Ess. You call 'em [pigs] Harries, we call 'em cads at my home
(G.H.G.) ; Ess.1 ' Fling out the cad, and I'll hev'm,' says the
jobber.
Hence (i) Cadma, sb. the smallest pig of a litter ; (2)
Cadman, sb. the smallest one of a family ; (3) Cadpig, sb.,
see Cadma.
(i) s.Cy. RAY (1691) ; GROSC (1790). Sns. Cadme (K.). (a)
Som. SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885). [The words cadma and
whinnock occur in the sense of a ' reckling,' N. & Q. (1856) and
S. i. 181.] (3) e.An.1
CAD, s*.8 Lin. Also written kad n.Lin.1 [kad.]
1. Carrion, offal, bad meat. See Ket.
Lin. They dealt in animals only fit for cad, /V. & Q. (1876) 5th
S. v. 355 ; Lin.1 n.Lin. SUTTON Wds, (1881) ; n.Lin.1, sw-Lin.1
2. Comp. (i) Cad-broth, broth made from bad meat ; (2)
•butcher, one who deals in unwholesome meat or carrion ;
(3) -crow, the carrion-crow ; (4) -house, a place where
carcasses are boiled down.
(i) sw.Lin.1 They've g'en me some cad-broth from the kennels.
(a) n.Lin.1 (3) Lin. STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes (1884) aao;
Lin.1, n.Lin.1, sw.Lin.1 (4) sw.Lin.1 You can smell that cad-house
haef way down the laen.
[Da. kjjd, flesh, meat.]
CAD, sb* Der. Lei.
1. The bridle of a cart-horse. Der.2, nw.Der.1
2. A horse's blinker. Lei.1
CAD, sb.5 Lan. [kad.] App. the same game as
Bandy-cat, q.v.
Lan. THORNBER Hist. Blackpool (1837) 90 ; HARLAND & WILKIN-
SON Flk-Lore (1867) 255.
CAD, v. s.Chs.1 To bid at a public auction.
CAD, see Cade.
CADALE-HEMP, sb. Obs. Hrt. A kind of hemp
from Russia.
Hrt. ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) V. iii.
CADAR, see Cader.
CAD-BAIT, sb. Cum. Yks. Wor. Som. Written cod-
Cum. w.Yks.1 Also in form cad-boit w.Som.1 The
caddis-worm, the larva of the stone-fly.
Cum. (E.W.P.), w.Yks.1, w.Wor.1 w.Som.i Kad-bauyt, more
commonly called eo-d-kaar-yur [wood-carrier].
[Cad bait is a worm bred under stones in a shallow
river, LAUSON Comm. on Angling (1653), in Arber's Eng.
Garner, I. 194. For form cad-boit, see Boit, s6.2]
CADDAS, see Caddis, sb.1
CADDEL, sb.* Obs. Sc. Caudle, a warm drink.
Sc. Ye mamma fail To feast me with caddels And good hacket-
kail, RAMSAY Tea-Table Misc. (1724) I. 204, ed. 1871.
[A cadie, potiuncula, ouaceum, LEVINS Manip. (15^0).
Picard dial, caudel (caudiau), ' bouillie faite avec la farine
et des oeufs ' (LixTRE, s.v. Chaudeau).}
CADDEL, sb.2 Dev. The common cow-parsnip,
Heracleum sphondylium. Cf. cad-weed.
w.Dev. MARSHALL Kur. Econ. (1796). Dev.4
CADDEN, v. Der.2, nw.Der.1 To blindfold. See
Cad, sb* 2.
CADDER, see Caddow.
CADDESS, sb. Obs. Yks. The jackdaw.
Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (July n, 1896).
[A flock of stares or caddesses, CHAPMAN Iliad (1611)
xvi. 546 (NARES); A cadesse or a dawe, Monedula, BARET
(1580).]
CADDI, see Caddow.
CADDIE, sb. Sc. Nhp. Shr. Also written caddy,
cady, cadie, cawdy Sc. ; caddee Nhp.1 ; cadee Shr.1
Also in form cadee-man Shr.1
1. A cadet in the army.
Sc. Tho' commissions are dear, Yet I'll buy him one this year,
For he shall serve no longer a cadie, RAMSAY Tea- Table Misc.
(1724) I. 49, ed. 1763; With his sword by his side like a cadie,
HERD Coll. (1776) II. 170 (JAM.). Edb. Despatch them as cadies
to Bengal and the Cape of Good Hope, MOIR Mansie Wauch
1828) 206.
2. A lad or man who waits about on the look out for
chance employment as a messenger, errand-boy, &c., esp.
a golf-attendant. Cf. cad, sb.1
Sc. The cawdys, a very useful black-guard who attend the
coffee-houses and publick places, BURT Letters from North (c. 1730)
I. 26 ; The caddies are a fraternity of people who run errands,
ARNOT Hist. Edb. (1779) 503; The usefu' cadie plies in street
CADDIE
[480]
CADDLE
To bide the profits o' his feet, FERGUSSON Poems (1789) II. 94
(JAM.) ; The farmer strutted away downstairs followed by Man-
nering and the cadie, SCOTT Guy M. (1815) xxxvi ; The next time
you didna ken your road, ask ane of the caddies at the street
corners, WHITEHEAD Daft Davie (1876) 221, ed. 1894. Ayr. We
got a caddy to guide us, GALT Ann. Parish (i8ail xx. Lth. Ilk
sooty sweep, ilk creeshy caddie, Ilk tree-legg'd man, BALLANTINE
Poems ( 1856) 68. Nhp.1 A servant's servant ; an under waggoner,
&c. Shr.i Qbsol.
3. A young fellow, a lad ; used as a familiar epithet.
Sc. A ye canty, cheerie caddies, Lend a lug to Jamie's tale,
PICKEN Poems (1813) I. 186. Ayr. But gie him't het, my hearty
cocks ! E'en cowe the cadie, BURNS Cry (1786) St. 18.
CADDIE, see Caddow.
CADDIS, sb.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Lin. Shr. Also
written cadis w.Yks. ; keddisN.I.1; cattisNhb.1; caddas
Shr.1 [ka-dis.]
1. Shreds, rags of any material ; cotton wool, lint.
Sc. Caddis is linnen scraped into a soft cottony substance for
dressing sores, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Oakum is hemp
caddis. Ye'll ca' yer claes to caddis climbin the trees. Mak' a
feuggil o' caddis out o' that rope. The hare was owre near me
when I shot, an' I dreeve her a' to caddis (G.W.). FrC What
first struck Margaret in Thrums was the smell of the caddis,
BARRIE Minister (1891) iii. N.I.1 A small quantity of silk, or
woollen material, or flax, stuffed into an ink-bottle, and then
saturated with ink. The pen is supplied by coming in contact
with the keddis, and if the bottle is overset the ink does not spill.
Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892). Nhb.1 Straw much broken in thresh-
ing is termed ' knocked aa to cattis.' Cotton wadding put in the
ear is called 'cattis.' w.Yks. 1708. To cash pd . . . [for] lineing
cadis Inkle, &c.,;£i i$s.6d., Ace. Bradford Prs/i.Chwardens. (1708'.
2. A kind of woollen braid or galloon used for binding
horse-rugs, decorating horses on May Day. and formerly
as recruiting colours.
w.Yks. I bought six-pennorth o' caddis at old Smith's (H.L.) ;
(j.S.) ; w.Yks.2, n.Lin.1 Shr.1 Obsol. Theer's lots o' young chaps
listed this May ; the caddas wuz flyin' about Sosebry streets
above a bit.
[1. Cadas, bombicinium, Prompt. 2. Inkles, caddisses,
cambrics, lawns, SHAKS. Wint. T. iv. iv. 208.]
CADDIS, sb? Hrf.2 A poor creature, simpleton.
CADDISSED, ppl. adj. Shr. Of sheep : dusted with
red powder.
Shr.1 Maister, I 66nder yo' liken yore lombs kad'i'st athatn.
CADDIT, pp. Cum. [ka'dit.] Of hair: matted,
tangled.
Cum. (J.A.) ; Cum.1 Her hair was caddit till it cud niver be
cwom't niair.
CADDLE, sb.1 and v.1 Yks. Lan. Lin. War. Wor. Hrf.
Glo. Oxf. Brks. Hmp. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Also written
kaddle w.Som.1 ; and in forms cattle Oxf. Brks.1 Som. ;
cattel Wil.1 (ka'dl, kardl.]
1. sb. Confusion, disorder, disarray, embarrassment.
n.Yks.1 Applied when the furniture, &c., of a room, or the house,
are, or have been, undergoing the process of cleaning, and are
not yet put back into their usual order. s.War.1 Glo. What a
caddie she's in ! (A.B.) Oxf. (G.P.) ; Oxf.1 Brks. I be all of a caddie
to-day (M.J.B.); Brks.1 Hmp. (J.R.W.) s.Hmp. I'm all in my
dishabilles, quite in a caddie, VERNEY L. Lisle (1870) ix. Hmp.1
Wil. Lauk a mercy ! 'ere's maister a comin' an' I be all in a caddie
(E.H.G.) ; SLOW Gl. (1892) ; Wil.1 Lawk, zur, but I be main screw
to be ael in zich a caddie, alang o' they childern, Tales, 137. Dor.
I'd a" gone to vetch 'ee, but I've a-bin in sich a caddie wi' they all,
HARE Vill. Street (1895) 201 ; Here's a caddie wi' these letters,
HARDY Dtsp. Rem. (ed. 1896) 376 ; Dor.1 An' ridden house is sich
a caddie, 57 ; W. & J. Gl. (.1873).
2. Worry, trouble, dispute, fuss.
War. (J.R.W.) Glo. The parson's wite, 'er come down a-
yearing the nise to see what arl the caddie wur about, BUCKMAN
Darte's Sojourn (1890) ii ; Glo.1 What's the use of making such a
caddie ? Brks. Ther wur no sich a caddie about sick folk when I
wur a bwoy, HUGHES T. Brown Oxf. (1856) xxxiii ; There was
a lot of caddie in the streets last night (W. F.R.). Wil. The wind-
miller snubbed her for ' making such a caddie ' about a woman's
face, EwiNG/a« Windmill (1876) xiii ; Wil.1 IfWillum come whoam
and zees two [candles] a burnin', he'll make a vi-vi-vine caddie,
Tales, 42. Som. SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885! ; When yo puts
off tha keers of tha wordle awhile, along wi tha caddie and dirt,
lence Caddling, ppl. adj. untidy, disorderly, slipshod.
rks.1 A done that ther job in a caddlin' waay.
' AGRIKLER ' /fAyw^s ( 1872) 109; (W.F.R.) w.Som.1 Haul ai-ulth
ee, mus-us? yiie bee au-1 een u kad'l z-mau'rneen [what's the
matter, mistress ? you are all in a bustle this morning].
Hence Caddlement, sb. fuss, confusion ; gossip, chatter.
Glo. Folk will talk . . . but it be all caddlement, GISSING Both
of this Parish (1889) I. 327 ; Us ull get something better to hear
than your caddlement, ib. Vill. Hampden (1890) III. i ; Glo.12
3. v. To confuse, throw into disorder.
Brks.1 Dwoant 'e caddie me an' maayke me do 't all wrong.
n.Wil. I be that caddled I can't think o' nothin' (E.H.G.) ;
How did you like the sermon to-day, John ? — Aw thur, zur, t'ood
a bin a main sight better if a hadden' caddled the Scriptur so
(G.E.D.). Wil.1 1 don't hold wi' they binders [binding machines],
they do caddie the wheat about so.
He
Brks.1 A done that ther job i
4. To hurry, fluster.
Brks. Directions to a man driving cattle- — ' Don't caddie 'um at
all, let 'um go along stiddy' (W.H.E.). Wil. Caddie no man's
cattle, Flk-saw, JEFFERIES Gt. Estate (1880) 78 ; There's plenty o'
time — there ain't no 'casion to caddie (E.H.G.) ; Wil.1 To caddie
a horse, to drive him over-fast.
6. To tease, worry, annoy.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781).
ne.Lan.1, Glo. (F.H.), Glo.1 Brks. I be nigh caddled to death
wi' this drattled old jack-ass, HUGHES Scour. White Horse ( 1859) vi.
Hmp.1 Wil. (K.M.G.) ; Wil.1 Now dwoan't 'e caddie I zo, or I'll
tell thee vather o' thee. w.Cy. It ain't a morsel of good your
going on caddling with . . . your Romany, CAREW Atitob. Gipsy
(1891) xx. Dev. If ez wife ed but take to her office agen Her
should niwer be caddl'd by he, PULMAN Sketches (1871) 31.
Hence Caddling, ppl. adj. troublesome, teasing, worry-
ing, annoying.
Lin. I've never had such a caddling year as this has been
(L.C.M.). Hmp.1 Wil.1 Little Nancy was as naisy and as caddlin'
as a wren, that a was, Tales, 177. 'A caddlin' place ' is one where
as soon as a servant begins one piece of work he or she is called
off to another. 'Tes allus a caddlin' zart of a job takin' they fat
beasties to Swinnun Market.
6. To loaf, loiter, potter about, fuss, trifle.
War.2 Don't caddie with that sewing any longer. Wor. I've
had to go caddling after that ship all the morning (H.K.). Hrf.2
Glo.1 He's got no reg'lar work, but he caddies about. Hmp.
(J. R.W.) Wil.1 He be allus a caddlin' about, and won't never do
nothin' reg'lar. w.Som.1 Aayv u-zeepd dhu ! dhee-t buydkad'leen
dhae-ur vur u vau'rtnait, zai noa'urt tudh-ee [I have seen you!
you would stay loitering there for a fortnight, if one said nothing
to you]. Dhae'ur, dh-oa'l mae-un du kad'lee baewt, jis lig u ai'n
wai wau-n chik [there, the old man fusses about, just like a hen
with one chicken]. Dev. Now then, Harry, whot be yd caddling
about vur ? Dflee go tQ work an' 'arn yer zalt, ef yd get'th yer
mayte vur nuthing, HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892).
Hence Caddling. ppl. adj. fussy, fidgety, pottering.
w.Som.1 U kad'leen oa'l fuul-ur — ee doa-n saa'r tuup'uns u-dai"
[a peddling old fellow — he doesn't earn two-pence a day].
7. To gossip, chatter.
Wor. He goes caddling aboutT (H.K.). Hrf.2 Glo. It be no
time for caddling, GISSING Both of this Parish (1889) I. 310 ; I'm
sure thee's caddled enow 'bout Peter Bassut and the fun'ral,
BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn (1890) ii. Wil.1 Obs.
Hence Caddling, ppl. adj. gossiping, untruthful.
Glo.1 He's a false caddlin' feller.
8. To quarrel.
w.Wor.1 'Ark to them childern caddlin' over their bits uv t'ys.
Hmp.1
Hence Caddling, ppi. adj. quarrelsome, disputing.
Wil. SLOW Gl. (1892) ; His bill was zharp, his stomack lear, Zo
up a snapped the caddlin pair. AKERMAN Tales ^1853) 97 ; ELLIS
Pronunc. (1889) V. 52 ; Wil.1
CADDLE, v?, sb? and adj. Yks. Chs. Not. Lin. Rut.
Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Hrf. Also written cadie Chs.1 Not.
sw.Lin.1 Nhp.1; cadel Rut.1; keddle w.Yks.1 [ka'dl,
kedl.]
1. v. To pet, fondle, coax, coddle.
w.Yks.1 s.Not. If yer cadie yer children so they'll niver do no
good. A can't sit cadlin yo all day iJ.P.K.). sw.Lin.1 He cadles
it a deal. Rut.1 The master's dog comes cadeling and making a
fuss ever so. Lei.1 Nhp.1 She's always cadling her child. War.2
You caddie that child too much. s.Wor.1, Hrf.2
CADDLE
[481]
CADE
Hence (i) Caddled, ppl. adj. indulged, spoiled; (2)
Caddling, ppl. adj. dainty, fastidious, delicate, accustomed
to be petted.
U) War.3 A caddled child. (2) Chs.1 Applied to young girls.
Rut.1 He's such a cadeling thing. Lei.1 Pointers are very caddlin'
things. War.3
2. sb. One who coddles himself, one who is accustomed
to be petted. sw.Lin.1, Lei.1, War.3
3. adj. Dainty, fastidious.
Lei.1 He is quite a caddie man.
CADDLE, v? Wil. [kse'dl.] To do small repairs.
Wil. An old cobbler used always to send in his bills for making
boots and doing small repairs to them thus : ' To making and
caddling Mr. So-and-so's boots,' &c. (G.E.D.)
CADDLE, see Caudle, Coddle, Cuddle.
CADDLESOME, adj. Wil. [kse'dlsam.]
1. Of persons : troublesome. Wil.1
2. Of weather: stormy, uncertain.
Wil.1 Tull be a main caddlesome time for the barley.
CADDLING, ppl. adj. and adv. Hrf. Glo. Wil. Som.
[kae'dlin.]
1. ppl. adj. Of weather : uncertain, variable, stormy.
Wil.1
2. Of persons : tricky, pettifogging, shuffling.
Hrf.1 A little caddling butcher. Glo.1 w.Som.1 Kaa-n niivur
dae'ul wai ee% u-z au'vees zu kad'leen [(I can't never deal with
him, he is always so shuffling].
3. adv. Unfairly, in a shuffling manner.
Hrf.1 I don't bid caddling, I bid fair.
CADDLY,«#. Wil.1 [kae'dli.] Of weather: stormy,
uncertain.
CADDOW, sb.1 Nhb. Yks. Lin. e.An. Hrf. Also written
caddaw Nrf.1 Suf.1 ; cadow Nhb. ; cadder e.An.1 Nrf.,
and in forms caddie, caddy Nrf. ; caddi Lin.1 ; cawdaw
n.Cy. Suf. ; carder, caeder Suf. [ka'dij.]
1. The jackdaw, Corvus monedula.
n.Cy. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 81. Nhb. In March kill crow, pie,
and cadow, RICHARDSON Borderer's Table-bk. (1846) VII. 215.
Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (July n, 1896). Lin.1 e.An.1 A caddus'
nist. Nrf. RAY (1691); (K.) ; GROSE (1790); COZENS-HARDY
Broad Nrf. (1893) 43; Yow kin mardle [gossip] wi' the cadders
and ringdows, 'bor, PATTERSON Man and Nat. (1895) 18 ; Nrf.1
Suf. There be bats and martins, and carders, STRICKLAND Old
Friends (1864) 249. e. Suf. e.An. Dy. Times (1892). Suf.1 Ess.
Trans. Arch. Soc. ( 1863) 183. [She can cackle like a cadowe,
SWAINSON Birds (1885) 82.]
2. Fig. A simpleton, a poor creature.
Hrf. In common use (H.C.M.) ; Hrf.2 Her's only a poor cadow.
[1. Cadaw, monedula, Prompt. (' cadowe ' in Pynson's ed.
1499).]
CADDOW, sb.2 Irel. Lan. Also written cadda N.I.1
[ka'da.] A quilt, coverlet ; a cloak ; a small cloth which
lies on a horse's back underneath the ' straddle.'
N.I.1 Lan. Bobby Shuttle, caddowweighvur. ABowtuncaddow
manufacturer, STATON Bobby Shuttle, 14,36; Peggy wove caddows
on a loom, ib. Loomtnary (c. 1861 < 40.
\Couverture velue, an Irish rug, mantle, or cadow,
COTGR, ; White blanket! with a caddowe, Inv. Hugh
Bellot (1596), Cheth. Soc. liv. i.]
CADDY, sb.1 Nhp. Dev. [ka-di.] The caddis-worm
or grub of the May- fly.
Nhp.1 Used as baits by anglers, especially school-boys. Dev.1
CADDY, sb.1 Obs. n.Cy. Yks. A ghost, bugbear.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; Denham Tracts (ed. 1895) II. 78. w.Yks.
MUTTON Tour to Caves (1781).
[Dim. of obs. E. cad(d, a spirit. One of these cadds
or familiars still knocking over their pillow, OSBORNE
Advice (1656) 36; Rebellion wants no cad nor elfe, But is
a perfect witchcraft of it self, KING Poems (1657), ed.
1843, 87.]
CADDY, adj. Yks. Der. Lin. [ka-di.]
1. Hale, hearty, in good health and spirits ; convalescent.
w.Yks. PIPER Dial. She/field (182^1 19; Sheffield Leader (Mar.
1874) ; w.Yks.2 Der. Pretty caddy, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) ;
Der.12, nw.Der.1 Lin. MILLER & SKERTCHLY Fenland (1878) iv.
n-Lin.1 The caddiest ohd man as I iver knaw'd. sw.Liu.1 The old
VOL. I.
lass seemed a niced bit better, she seemed quiet [quite] caddy.
He's gotten quiet caddy again.
2. Precise, old-maidish. Der.2, nw.Der.1
CADDY, see Coddy.
CADDY-BALL, sb. Dev. Also in form caddy. A
tennis-ball.
Dev. They truckel'd en roun like a big caddy bal, NATHAN HOGG
Poet. Lett. (1847) 23, ed. 1858 ; Charles Orger hath agied me thease
kaddy-ball. 'E zeth 'e idden no gilde vur tennis, cuz Vs za
beastly! HEWETT Peas. Sp. (1892) ; How he flounders about, and
makes fun, Poor Mister Leviathan Addy ! Lo, his grandeur, so
lately a sun, Is sinking (sad fall !) to a caddy, P. PINDAR Great Cry,
Ep. i. st. 6. ed. 1816, IV. 250.
CADDY-BUTCHER, sb. Lin. One who buys horses
to sell for cat's-meat. See Cad, sb.3
Lin. The veterinary surgeon had advised him to sell it to some
' caddy butcher,' Standard (Sept. 28, 1888).
CADDYPILLER, see Caterpillar.
CADE, sb.1 Obs. Sc. e.An. Ken. Also written kade
Suf.1 ; card Ken.1
1. A cask, barrel, or keg. See Kid.
Fif. His lintseed, stow'd in bag or cade, TENNANT Anster (1812)
23, ed. 1871. Suf.1
2. A measure for herrings and sprats.
e-An.1 A cade of sprats at Aldborougn is a thousand. Nrf.1 Suf.
The more ancient package of red-herrings was by the cade, con-
taining 600. '38 Eliz., for seven cade of full red-herrings, sold at
market, 3/. LOS. Item, for two cade of herrings, to John Moungaye,
185.,' GARDNER Hist. Dunivich (1754) 20. Ken.1 Lewis mentions
a card of red-herrings amongst the merchandise paying rates at
Margate harbour.
3. A cade of beef, any parcel or quantity of pieces under
a whole quarter.
Ken. KENNETT Par. Antiq. (1695) ; Ken.12
[1. Cade, a barrel, a cag, or cask, BAILEY (1721). 2.
Cade of herrings is =;oo, oi sprats 1000. The Welshmen
call a cade of herrings a mease or horseload, BLOUNT
(1670). Fr. cade, 'baril en usage dans les salines' (LITTRE).]
CADE, sb.2 Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Also
written caed w.Yks. ; kaid Dur.1 Cum. ; kade n.Yks.1 ;
kaed N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 ; keadd Cum.1 ; kead Nhb.1 Cum. Yks.
n.Yks.1 ne.Lan.1; keead Wm. n.Yks.12; kyed Nhb.1;
kyad Wm. ; ked Sc. n.Yks.1 ; kid n.Yks.1 [ked, kiad.]
The sheep-louse, Melophagus ovittus.
Sc. Swarms of vermin and sheep kaids, WATSON Coll. 1706) III.
21 (JAM.) ; The ked molests particularly hogs or young sheep,
Essays Highl. Soc. III. 435 (jAM.l ; MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863 .
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Dur.1 Cum. (M.P.) ; (J.W.O.) ; Cum.1 Wm. Kill
iwery kyad an cure ivvery mortal thing without either tar or
brimstone, CLOSE Leg. and Tales ^1862) 73; To kill the keeads,
the sheep must be salved (B.K.). n.Yks.12 w.Yks. Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (Jan. 30, 1892); HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781) ; (R.H.H.)
ne.Lan.1
Hence Keeady, adj. abounding in ' cades.'
n.Yks. (,1-W.) ; n.Yks.2
[A cade, sheepe louse, pediculus outs, LEVINS Manip.
(157°)-]
CADE, sb.3, adj. and v. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf. Der. Not. Lin. Rut. Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Shr. Mtg.
Hrf. Brks. Bdf. Hnt. Nrf. Suf. Ken.
1. sb. A young animal brought up by hand, a pet,
fondling.
Cum., Wm. SULLIVAN Cum. and Wm. (1857) 86. ne.Lan.1, Stf.1,
Der.2, nw.Der.1 Not. They made quite a cade of the foal (L.C.M.) ;
Not.1, n.Lln.1 sw.Lin.1 She makes quite a cade of it. Rut.1 Appl.
to tame doves or even to a sociable cat. Lei.1 To Dorothy the
dairy-maid, Who rear'd of lambs full many a cade, Will of
Willoughby Dixie. Nhp.1, War.23, w.Wor.1, Bdf. (J.W.B.) Hnt.
My lads make quite a cade of him [a pony], N. <Sr> Q. (1869) 4th S.
iii. 160.
2. A spoilt, indulged child.
Der.2, nw.Der.1 s.Not. You are a cade to want nursing at your
age (J.P.K.). n-Lin.1 Rut.1 She's quite a cade. Nhp.1 w.Wor.1
That '6oman 'nil reg'lur ruinate the b'y ; 'e's such a little cade as
never wuz. Shr.1 Mtg. Look at Ned Jones, what an ould cade
he is, he wonna stir a peg anywhere without his mammy (E.R.M.).
Hence (i) Cadely, adj., (2) Cadish, adj., (3) Cady, adj.
tame, accustomed to be petted, spoiled.
3R
CADEL
[482].
CADGE
(i) Not.1 Lei.1 It's a cadely little thing [said of a tame bantam].
War.3 (a) Shr.1 Jenny Preece 'as put 'er lad to a wilrit ; but
'e'll never stop throm 'is mammy, 'e's so cadisli. (3) s.Lin. Cattle
that come readily to the hand, are quite tame, and easily approached,
are called cady, N. & Q. (1869) 4th S. iii. 255. Shr.1
3. adj. Petted, indulged ; appl. to lambs brought up by
hand, and hence to children ; freq. in comb, cade lamb,
- child.
N.Cy.2 Wm. FERGUSON Northmen (1856) 172. n.Yks.2 s.Yks.
She wor browt up just loike a cade lamb (R.H.H.). w.Yks.123,
Chs.123 s.Chs.1 Ky'ai'd laanr. n.Stf. It's ill bringin' up a cade
lamb, GEO. ELIOT A. Bede (1859) I. 165. Der.2, nw.Der.1 Not.
My daughter's bringing up three cade lambs this time (L.C.M.X
n.Lin.1 Three cade lambs were playing near the door, CLARE Shep.
Calendar, 126. sw.Lin.1 Rut.1 Edie Thorpe has a cade lamb, and
farmer Mason's wife she hev a little cade pig. Lei.1, War.2, s.War.1
Wor. Always in comb, cade lamb (J.W.P.). Shr.1 Hrf.2 Also
called tidling Iambs until their tails are cut Brks. W.H.Y.'
Nrf., Suf. GROSE ( 1 790). Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1
4. v. To pet, fondle, indulge, spoil.
Not. I shouldn't cade it so much (L.C.M.) ; (W.H.S.) ; Not.1
sw.Lin.1 It's plain to see it's been caded a deal. Lei.1 Nhp.1 It
was a trouble to lose the child ; we had caded it for years. War.2
She always caded her children up so ; War.3, Shr.1, Hnt. (T.P.F.^
Hence Caded, ppl. adj. petted, carefully nurtured.
War.2 A caded child ; War.3 Caded and coddled plants.
[1. Cade, Agnus domi educatus, SKINNER (1671); Your
father mumbled a while as the cade which cheweth the
cudde, GASCOIGNE Gl. Gov. (1575), ed. 1870, 48 ; A cade,
ows domestica, Caf/t. Angl. (1483). 3. Cade-lamb, brought
up by hand, COLES (1677).]
CADEL, see Caddie, v.2
CADER, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Dev. Cor. Also
written cadar Stf.1 ; keyther w.Yks. Lan.1 Chs.1 ; kayther
e.Lan.1 ; kaythur Lan.1 [ke'da(r), ke'Sa(r).]
1. A cradle.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (July 14, 1894). Lan. Keep th'
keyther stirrin' gently ; an' Make very little din, WAUGH Neet-fo'
(1859) st. 7 ; Ma3' yor kaythur never give o'er rockin ! BRIERLEY
Irkdale (18651 230 ; Lan.1 Whether it lawmt [lamed] th' barn ot
wur i' th' keather, I know naw, TIM BOBBIN Wks. (ed. 17501 66.
e.Lan.1, Chs.1
2. A light frame of wood put over a scythe to preserve
and lay the corn more evenly in the swathe. Stf. (K.) ;
ott.
3. A small wooden frame on which a fisherman keeps
his line. See Cantor.
Dev. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.~i Cor.12
[Wei. cadair, a chair ; cadair fagit, a cradle ; cadnir
pladur, the cradle of a scythe (SILVAN EVANS).]
CADEY, sb. Sc. Nhb. Lan. War. Slang. Also written
kadey Nhb. ; cady Lan. ; cadie Sc. ; caddy (FARMER).
[ke di, ka'di.j A hat.
Rnf., Lnk. (JAM. Stiff/.) Nhb. One wad sell his hat, An' six-
pence for the kadey teuk, WILSON Tyiuside Sngs. (1890) 259. Lan.
A cady or straw cady, W. & Q. (1869) 4th S. iii. 406. War.3
Slang. FARMER.
CADGE, v.1 and sb.1 Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Also written kedge s.Pem. [kadg, kaedg.]
1. v. To carry ; esp. to convey corn to a mill or parcels to
their destination ; also jig. to carry tales. See Cadger, sb.1
Sc. A strappin' deam to cadge a creel or gather sheaves at hairst-
time, ROY Horseman's Wd. (1895) xxxix. Gall. They're better
there than cadgin' them hame an' maybe lossin' them, CROCKETT
Bog-Myrtle (1895) 376. n.Cy. (K.) ; N.Cy.12 Nhb. GROSE (1790) ;
Nhb.1 Where are ye cadgin the box te ? He cadged the poke aall
the way on ov his back. n.Yks.1 Ah aims he's cadging for t'miller
at Deeal-end. n.Yks.2, ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ.
(1788). Chs.123 w.Wor.1 That Ben Collier's a spiteful 'un ; 'e's
allus a cadgin' about to the gentlefolks, an' settin' um agin some
on us. Shr., Hrf. To carry on foot as a porter, BOUND Prov. (1876).
Hence (n Cadging-cart, sb. a carrier's cart; (2)
Cadging-mill, sb. a flour-mill; (3) Cadgings, sb. pi. the
quantity of errands for conveying home.
(i) w.Yks. A cadging-cart for fetching and carrying small 'fadges'
or sheets of wool to and from the hand-combers' workshops.
Leeds Merc. Stifipl. (Feb. 25, 1893). (2) Yks. HAMILTON Nugae Lit.
(18411357. m.Yks.1 (3) n.Yks.2
2. To hawk goods for sale.
Bnff.1 He's taen t'cadge flsh. Gall. I'll never be grocer, nor yet
chandler. ... I wad cadge keel first, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) v.
N.I.1 s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890). Lei.1
3. To tout for custom. e.Yks.1, Not.13
4. To do odd jobs. n.Lin.1
5. To beg, sponge ; to loaf or skulk about with the idea
of picking up food, &c. ; to commit petty thefts.
Bwk. Cadgin' up and cadgin' down, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes
(1856) 81. s.Don. In the Munster schools 40 years ago the poor
scholars who had no home to go to had to go cadging [for a free
night's lodging] every evening after school, SIMMONS Gl. (1890).
Nhb. Aw'll cadge a meg ov Toby Walker, WILSON Tyneside Sngs.
(1890) 342 ; Nhb.1 Aa'll cadge a match off him. Here's a chep
come to cadge. Cum. When beggars is cadgin' up an' doon
t'country they like munney better nor owt else, FARRALL Betty
Wilson (1886) 127. n.Yks.1 He nobbut cadges aboot fra spot
t'spot, an' pikes oop owght he can ; n.Yks.2 To go cadging about.
ne.Yks.1, e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks. Sooa he set off, an cadged his
way to Edinburgh, BYWATER Sheffield Dial. (1877) 130; w.Yks.2;
w.Yks.5 Well, hah mich hes tuh cadged — let's be knawing ? Lan.1
Well, wi' wortchin' a bit an' cadgin' a bit, he maks out t'best road
he con. m.Lan.1 Chs.1 Whatdoes your brother work at? — Please'm,
he dusna wark, he on'y cadges. s.Stf. He allays gos round
cadgin' at the Wake (T.P.). Not. There's old Joe cadgin' as usual
(L.C.M.) ; Not.1. Lei.1 Nhp.1 We've got nothing to do ; we must
set off a cadging. War.28, n.Wor. J.W.P.) se.Wor.1 To beg
indirectly by means of hints or flattery. s.Pem. LAWS Little Eng.
(1888 420. Glo. We bean't chaps o' that sort, mafister, allus
a-cadging ; no ! us bean't, BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn (1890) xx ;
Glo.1 Oxf.1 MS. add. Bdf. A thieving set of magpies — cadgin'
'ere and cadgin' there, WARD Bessie Costrell (1895) 25 ; (J.W.B.)
Suf. (F.H.) Ken. They are sent out to cadge (D.W.L.1). Sus.1
He come along here a cadging (s.v. Call-over). Hmp.1 w.Som.1
Haut-s kainn u dh-oa'l Ae'urun Joa'unz ? — Oa ! ee doa'n due'
noa'urt bud kaj-ee baewt [What has become of the old Aaron
Jones ? — Oh ! he does nothing but beg or steal]. Dev. Dick Small
do'th nort but cadge about vrom 'ouze til 'ouze, HEWETT Peas. Sf>.
(1892) ; Zach had cadged upon Mary Plummer for a long time,
MORTIMER Tales (1895) 84. Cor.3 In freq. use.
Hence (i) On the cadge, phr. on the tramp, begging;
(2) Cadging, vbl. sb. the act of begging; (3) Cadging, />/>/.
adj. importunate; (4) Cadging-bag, sb. a bag in which
a beggar puts the scraps given to him ; (5) Cadging-
pouch, sb. a large tobacco-pouch ; (6) Cadgings, sb. pi.
gleanings.
(i) s.Lin. (T.H.R.) w.Som.1 Purty old bun'le her is— her bin
'pon the cadge 'is ten year. Cor.1 Out on the cadge. Slang. A
waiter when hanging about for a tip is said to be on the cadge,
FARMER. (2) w.Yks. Not to mince the matter, it is a species of
cadging, Yksman. Xmas No. (1878) 26. w.Som.1 Miin-ee o wiis
choa r-n kaj'een [many a worse chore than begging]. Cor ! They
get their living by cadging. (3) Stf.,War. (H.K.) Wor. They be
sich cadging folks (H.K.). Nrf. That's just like your horrid cadging
way, HAGGARD Col. Quaritch (1888) I. xii. (4) Chs.1 (5) s.Lan.
A cadging-pouch is used among smokers to imply its capacity
for lent tobacco fF.R.C.). (6) n.Yks.2
6. sb. A small pedlar, hawker ; a beggar, tramp. Not.1,
Lei.1, War.3
CADGE, v.2 and sb.2 Sc. Also in form caich, cache
QAM.).
1. v. To shake, knock about.
Abd. The fiercelings race did her so hetly cadge, Ross Helcnore
(1768) 60, ed. 1812; Since my return from Aberdeen, So cadg'd
and hurry "d I have been, SHIRREFS Poems (1790) 340; (W.M.)
2. sb. A shake, jog.
Abd. By some wrang cadge she ga'e her hand, SHIRREFS Poems
',1790) 131.
Hence (i) Cadgan, vbl. sb. the act of being tossed or
jolted ; (2) Cadgy, adj., (3) Cadgin, ppl. adj. having a
jolting motion.
(i) Bnff.1 He got a gey cadgan gain' through the hill in 's cairt.
(2) Bnff.1 Abd. Now G — , to end my cadgy canter. May never
Fate nor fell mishanter, Disturb the joys I wish sincerely, STILL
Cottar's Sunday (1845) 159. (3) Bnff.1
CADGE, v.3 Lan. [kadg.] To tie or bind a thing.
Lan. GROSE ,1790) ; Lan.1
[This kote is yll kadged, ce sayon a ses plies mal dresses
dune lisiere, PALSGR. (1530).]
CADGE
[483]
CAFENDERY
CADGE, v.* Obs, Yks. Term used in making bone
lace.
Yks. THORESBY Lett. (1703). w.Yks.4
CADGE, see Codge.
CADGER, s*.1 Van dial, usages in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also written kedger Yks. Nrf. [ka'dga(r), kae'dgafr).]
1. A carrier, huckster, hawker of small wares. See
Cadge, v.1 1.
Sc. Wad ha' rein'd as cannily as a cadger's pownie, SCOTT
Waverley (1814) xlvii. Per. An' ane [bumper] for Jock the cadger
Wha brocht the tappit hen, HALIBURTON Horace ',1886) 32; It's
juist in an' oot like a cadger buyin' eggs, IAN MACLAREN K. Carnegie
(1896" 226. Ayr. Just like a cadger's whip, BURNS Jolly Beggars
(1785) st. 2 ; A cadger wi' a smuggled keg o' brandy, GALT Sir A.
Wylie ( 1822) xl ; A dealer in crockery and delf-ware— a cadger, he
was called, JOHNSTON Kilmallie (1891) I. 76. e.Lth. Jack swore
that he himself felt as hungry as a cadger's donkey, MUCKLEBACKIT
Rur. Rhymes (1885) 127. Bwk. Thomas carried on the trade of
an eggman or cadger, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 85. N.I.1,
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Where few but cadgers wi' their cairts till noo
hev iver been, WILSON Opening Railway (1838). Cum. (M.P. );
Cum.1 The Peet Cadger. Wm. Have you seen the cadger's cart
pass? (B.K.) Chs.123, Der.2, nw.Der.1 w.Wor.i I'll send the
baskit by the cadger a Saturd'y. Hrf.12, Hnt. (T.P.F.), Sur.
(T.S.C.) Sus. He's a bricklayer's cadger, or one who conveys
the bricks, mortar, &c. from the ground to that part of the building
where the bricklayer is at work, N. &> Q. (1880) 6th S. i. 124.
e.Sus. HOLLOWAY.
2. Comp. (i) Cadger-like, like a carrier; (2) Cadger-
pownie, a huckster's pony.
(i) Fif. With cadger-like sobriety of canter, TENNANT Anster
(1812) 35. (2) Ayr. Tho' I should pawn my pleugh and graith,
Or die a cadger-pownie's death, At some dyke-back, BURNS Ep.
to Lapraik (Apr. i, 1785) st. 7.
3. A miller's man, one who collects people's corn, and
carries it to the mill to be ground, delivers flour, &c.
Cf. badger, sb.1
n.Cy. (K.) ; N.Cy.2 Nhb. GROSE (1790). n.Yks.12, ne.Yks.1
e.Yks. As impident as a cadger hoss, NICHOLSON Fit-Lore ( 1890)
40 ; e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks. LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882)
Gl. Not.13, Lin. (G.G.W.)
4. An itinerant dealer in fish.
Bnff.1 Abd. For cadgers . . . Maun ay be harlin in their trade,
SKINNER Poems (1809) 40. Abd. Aul' Skairey, the cadger,
ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) vii. Kcd. A cadger body, Johnny
Joss, . . . Lost shawltie, cairtie, creels an' a' At ae unlucky sweep,
GRANT Lays (1884) 9. Frf. ' Not me,' answered the fish cadger,
with a grin, BARRIE Minister (1891) xi. N.L1, N.Cy.1 Yks.
GROSE (1790).
5. One who does odd jobs.
niin.1 The term is often appl. to men who do odd jobs as
grooms, such as making up horses for fairs.
6. A beggar, tramp, loafer, petty thief.
Sc. The king's errand may come in the cadger's gate, RAMSAY
Prov. (1737). Ayr. Cursed like a cadger, GALT Ann. Parish
(1821) xvii. s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890). n. Yks.1 ' What's thoo
yan o' Willie M.'s cadgers ?' said to one among some servants who
were supposed to carry things, purloined from their master's
house, to the W. M. in question. e.Yks.1 w.Yks.5 ' Tha'll ha' to
turn cadger someo'theasedaaysif tuh doesn't mind' is the mother's
understood rebuke to an extravagant or wasteful child. s.Lan.
(F.R.C.), Chs.1, Der.2, nw.Der.1, Not. (L.C.M.) Lin. Do yer
think I'm a gooin' to be call'd Nell by every cadger 'at comes to
warm his sen at our fire? PEACOCK R. Skirlaugh (1870) I. 34.
Nhp.12, War.", n.Wor. (J.W.P.), se.Wor.1 Oxf.1 MS. add.
Brks.1 Nrf. Why a couple of kedgers— that's what you look
like! A.B.K. Wrights Fortune (1835)49. Suf. (F.H.), Ken.
(D.W.L.), Sus.1, Hmp.1 w.Som.1 Aay-v u-yuurd urn zai- eens
dhai-zh-yuur kaj'urz du due- vuuree wuul buy ut [I have heard
them say that these cadgers do very well at it]. Cor.13 Slang.
One, who styled himself a ' cadger,' was six years of age, MAYHEW
Land. Labour (1851) I. 418.
7. A person of disagreeable temper. Bnff.1
[1. A cadger, a carrier, BAILEY (1721); Coiljearis,
cadgearis, and carteris, Sat. Poems (1572), ed. Cranstoun,
I. 222.]
CADGER, sb.2 Obsol. Cum. A hard biscuit.
Cum. Formerly in gen. use (J.A.) ; Cnm.1
CADGER, see Codger.
CADGY, adj. and adv. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Also
written cadgie Sc. ; cadgey Sc. w.Yks. ; caigey N.I.1 ;
cagie, cagey, caidgie, caidgy Sc. [ka'dgi, ki'dgi.]
1. adj. In good spirits, gay, cheerful, sportive, wanton.
See Kedge, adj.
Sc. The gudeman will be blithe to see you— ye nar saw him sae
cadgy in your life, SCOTT Bride of Lam. ( 1819) xii. Elg. Cadgey
sits thou in the neuk, And blinks fu' frank and free, COUPER
Tourifications (1803") I. 156. Rnf. My mither was cadgie, and
gied him his tea, BARR Poems (,1861) 73. Ayr. The old man,
cagie with the drink he had gotten, sang like a daft man, GALT
Provost (1822) xliv. Lnk. Ye're aye sae cadgy and ha'e sic an art
To hearten ane, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725) I. i. Dmf. Fair fa ilk
canny caidgy carl, MAYNE Siller Gun (1808) 14. N.I.1 Ant.
Walking with head erect and with a springing motion, Ballymena
Obs. (1892). N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, n.Yks.2 w.Yks. WILLAN List Wds
Hence Cadgily, adv. gaily, merrily, cheerfully.
Sc. And cadgilie crackit the carl, I wat, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads
(1808) I. 302 ; And cadgily ranted and sang, RAMSAY Tea Table
Misc. (1724) I. 80, ed. 1871. Ayr. Ye were linking and slinking
sae cagily wi' ane anither, GALT Sir A. Wylie (1821) xxxiv.
Edb. Cadgily they kiss the cap, FERGUSSON Poems (1773) 120.
N.Cy.1 w.Yks. WILLAN List Wds. (1811).
2. adv. Happily, cheerfully.
Gall. Walking together very caigy, CROCKETT Grey Man (1896)
CADIS, see Caddis.
CADLE, see Caddie.
CADLOCK, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Not. Lin.
Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Hrt. Ken. Sur. Sus.
Written kadlock Der.2 Nhp.1 ; also in forms kedlock
n.Yks.2 Chs.13 Der.2 nw.Der.1 Not.1 Lei.1 Nhp.1 Shr.1 Glo ' ;
ketlock n.Yks.1 ne.Yks.1 e.Yks.1 w.Yks.24 Lan. Not. n.Lin.1
sw.Lin.1 Glo.1 ; ketlack Lin. ; cadlick Ken. e.Sus. ; catlog
Sur. ; kellock Glo.1 ; callock Nhp.1 Applied to the
plants : (i) Brassica napus, colewort ; (2) Raphanus
Raphanistrum ; (3) Sinapis alba ; (4) 5. arvensis, common
charlock ; (5) S. nigra. See Carlock.
(i) Chs.1 1,0) Yks., Stf., War., Glo. (3) Glo. (4) Yks. Hoe
up the ketlocks, and pull up the weeds, WRAY Nestleton (1876)9.
n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1 They're pullin ketlocks yonder, see ya. e.Yks.
(H.W.); e.Yks.1 w.Yks. BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (,1865); w.Yks.2,
ne.Lan.1, Chs.13 s.Stf. PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895). Der.2,
nw.Der.1 Not. (L.C.M.) ; Not.1 n.Lin. N. & Q. (1852) 1st S. v.
376; n.Lin.1, sw.Lin.1, Lei.1, Nhp.1, War.23, Shr.1, Hrf.1, Glo.1
Hrt. ELLIS Shep. Guide (1750) 230. Ken.1 Sur. (^T.S.C.) ; Sur.1
Sus. Agric. Gazette (June 24, 1895) 557. [MORTON Cyclo. Agric.
;i863).] (5) Glo.
Hence Cadlocking, vbl. sb. in phr. to go cadlocking, to
weed out the cadlocks from among the corn.
n.Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 The children are gone ketlocking. Nhp.1
[Kedlocke, charlocke or chadlocke, GERARDE Herb. (ed.
I633), Table of Eng. Names; Kedlokes hath a leafe lyke
rapes, and beareth a yelowe floure, FITZHERBERT Husb.
(1534) 29-]
CADOCK, sb. Som. Dev. A bludgeon or short, thick
club.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som. Kad'eek orgad'eek, in rare
use (F.T.E.). nw.Dev. Not common (R.P.C.).
CADOW, see Caddow, sb.1
CAD-WEED, sb. Dev.4 The common cow-parsnip,
Heracleum sphondylium. Cf. caddel, sb?
CADY, see Caddie.
CAEDER, see Caddow, sb.1
GAEL, see Kail.
CAEW, see Cow.
CAFENDER, sb. Som. Dev. Cor. Also in forms
cafenter Cor.1 ; cafinder, caffinder Dev.
1. A carpenter.
w.Som.1 Kaa'fmdur. Dev. Two caffinders was fo'ced ta be zeynd
vor, PULMAN Sketches (1842) 67, ed. 1871 ; Ez nat this tha cafinder's
zin ? HAIKU St. Matt. (1863) xiii. 55. nw.Dev.1 Cor.1 If you be
the cafenter's dafter [daughter].
2. A wood-louse. Dev., Cor. (Miss D.)
CAFENDERY, v. Som. To practise the trade or
pursuit of a carpenter, [kaa'fmduree.] w.Som.1
3 R 2
CAFF
[484]
CAFFLE
Hence Cafendering, vbl. sb. carpentry.
w.Sora.1 Dhur-z u suy t u kaa'fmdureen uvoa'r dh-aewz ul bee
u-diie'd [there is a great deal of carpentry (to be done) before the
house will be finished].
CAFF, sb.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Also written cauf Sc. ; cauff n.Yks.1 ; cawf Kcd. ; kaff
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 e.Yks.1 [kaf, Sc. also kaf.]
1. Chaff, the husk of oats ; fig. any light, worthless
thing.
Sc. King's cauff, your honour kens, is better than ither folk's
corn, SCOTT Nigel (1822) iii. Abd. Scatter't like cauff before the
win', ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xxii. Kcd. Scatterin' foes
o' a' description Just as win' wad scatter cawf, GRANT Lays (1884)
109. Per. The corn maun be threshed first and the cauf cleaned
off, IAN MACI.AREN Brier Bush (1895) 117. Dmb. A pu'pit without
a parish is nae better than caff without the corn, CROSS Disrup-
tion (ed. 1877) xviii. Rnf. The oury cattle's winter fare, Lichtly,
as 'twere as mickle caff, YOUNG Pictures (1865) 13. Ayr. The
cleanest corn that e'er was dight, May hae some pyles o* caff in,
BURNS Address to Unco Guid (1786). e.Lth. But we were ower
auld birds to be caught wi' ony sic caff, HUNTER J. Inwiek (1895)
177. N.I.1, N.Cy.1 Nhb. A' else was caff and sand te mine,
WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) 51 ; Nhb.1, Dur.1, e.Dnr.1 s.Dur.
It was nowt but stour an' caff (J.E.DA Com. Aw t'fwoaks in
t'kirk was caff an' sand till him, FARRALL Betty Wilson (1886) 50.
Wm. & Cum.1 Hob Thross'll ne'er Ha' thee to chowk wa kaff, 204.
n.Yks. Ise give'th yawds some hinderends and caffe, MERITON
Praise Ale (1684) 1. 84 ; n.Yks.123 e.Yks. They cover their backs
wi' tinsel, an' fill their brains wi' caff, WRAY Nestleton (1876) 20 ;
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) ; e.Yks.1, ne.Yks.1, w.Yks.1, Lan.1,
n.Lan.1
Hence Caffy, adj. worthless, mean. n.Yks.1
2. Comp. (i) Caff-bed, a bed-tick filled with chaff instead
of feathers, &c. ; (2) -bellied, protuberant ; (3) -cutter,
a straw or hay-cutter; (4) -house, a compartment con-
nected vyith a corn-threshing machine, for receiving the
chaff as it leaves the fanners of the 'dighter' or winnower;
(5) -pile, a flake or fibre of chaff ; (6) -riddling, the custom
of riddling chaff on St. Mark's Eve for the purpose of
divining whether death be near to the augurs or their
friends. See Ash-riddle.
(i) e.Fif. She was ta'en up fillin' her caff-bed, LATTO Tain
Bodkin ^864) iii. Slk. A plaid, parritch, and a cauff-bed, CHR.
NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) II. 49. N.Cy.1 Nhb. Scrimp meals, caff-
beds, and dairns, THOMPSON New Keel Row (1812) ; Nhb.1 Cum..
Wm. (M.P.^ Wm. If ye want a caff-bed lullin' ye've nowt ta
deea but riddle o' t'caff ye want (B.K.). (a) n.Yks.2 (3) Nhb.1
(4) Per. Ye were ower-by sittin' in the cauf-hoose yersel laist
week, IAN MACLAREN Auld Lang Syne (1895) 323. Nhb.1 (5)
Nhb. The coo's getten a caff-pile on its eye (R.O.H.). (6) n.Yks.1
The riddle is filled with chaff, the scene of operations being the
barn floor with both barn-doors set wide open ; the hour is mid-
night or just before, and each person of the party takes the riddle
in succession and riddles the contents. The appearance of a funeral
procession, or even of persons simply bearing a coffin, is a certain
augury of death, either to the then riddler himself, or some one
near to him ; n.Yks.2 If nothing portentous appears or takes
place, there is longer life in the case.
[1. Quhy the corn hes the caff, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513),
ed. 1874, in. 147 ; We sail drife thaim fra vs, as cafe fra
come, HAMPOLE Ps. (c. 1330) xliii. 7. OE. (Anglian) caf.
WS. ceaf, chaff.]
CAFF, sb* Cor. Refuse, rubbish of any kind ; esp.
refuse or unsaleable fish. Cf. caffle, v?
Cor. The bruised and small pilchards being deemed unfit for
market are rejected and called caff, MARSHALL Review (1817 W
539; Cor.12
CAFF, v.1 Yks. [kaf] To chafe ; to jeer, provoke,
make fun of.
n.Yks.2 They caflTd him. w.Yks. De kaft im abat it (J.W.).
[OFr. (Picard) calfer, caufer, Fr. chauffer, to warm, to
excite, to chafe ; see HATZFELD.]
CAFF, sb* and v? Wor. Shr. Also in form kerf
w.Wor.1
1. sb. A hoe, instrument for hoeing and earthing up
potatoes. Cf. kibe. w.Wor.1, Shr.1
2. v. To hoe ; to clean and earth up potatoes.
w.Wor.1 Hops arc caffed, potatoes kerfed. Shr.1
CAFF, v.a and sb* Yks. Also written kaff w.Yks.
[kaf.]
1. v. To lose courage, be daunted, turn coward.
n.Yks.2 He cafiTd. m.Yks.1 w.Yks. He caffed on it (J.R., ;
When a man's spirits fail, he is said to kaff of anything, HAMILTON
Nugae Lit. (1841) 357 ; Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Feb. 9, 1884) 8 ; w.Yks.3
Hence (i) Caff-hearted, (2) Caffy, (3) Caft, adj. faint-
hearted, timid, cowardly; of a worthless, mean disposition.
(i) n.Yks. Thou's caff-hearted (R.H.H.) ; n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1
In fairly common use. They're nobbut caff-hearted uns ; they
seean gav ower. e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 (2) n.Yks.2 e.Yks.1 Ah
yance went ti choch tl get wed bud Ah ton'd caffy aboot it. (3)
w.Yks. SCATCHERD Hist. Morley 1830") 168, ed. 1874.
2. To break a resolution, run off a bargain, journey, &c. ;
to shy at.
w.Yks. T'first body 'atahr,Lily caft at was mi aunt Mary (B.K. %;
(J-T.) ; ( J.R.) ; w.Yks.1 ; w.Yks.5 He wur to goa wi' me to Don-
kester at one time bud he caff d on't. ' Thah luke's blue — is tub
caffing on't ? ' ' Naa, av cafTd on't long sin'.'
3. sb. A coward. w.Yks. (B.K.) ; (S.K.C.)
CAFF-, see Cave, Chaft.
CAFFIN, sb. Hmp. Also written cavin Hmp.1 The
long-tailed titmouse, Acredula rosea.
Hmp.1 Known throughout the New Forest as the long-tailed
caffin or cavin, WISE New Forest (1883) 308.
CAFFINCHER, sb. Sur. Sus. The chaffinch, Fringilla
coelebs. s.Sur. (T.T.C.), Sus.1
CAFFINDER, see Cafender.
CAFFING, see Caving.
CAFFLE, v.1 and sb.1 Wm. Yks. Not. Lin. Nhp. War.
Gmg. Pern. e.An. Cor. [ka-fl, kae-fl.]
1. v. To cavil, quarrel, wrangle.
Midi. In common use, N. & Q. (1886) 7th S. i. 153. Not.1 In
common use. ' 'A stud there affling and caffling for'aaf an hour.'
Gen. used with ' affling,' though not always. 'Affling' is never
used without ' caffling.' s.Lin. (T.H.R.), Nhp.12 War.3 Don't
you children caffle so.
Hence Caffling, ppl. adj. quarrelsome.
War.3 A disagreeable cafifing fellow.
2. To prevaricate, argue, haggle ; to ' shilly-shally.'
Yks. Now then, either come in or go out ; don't stand baffling
and caffling there, A'. £/ Q. (1886) 7th S. i. 153. n.Lin. An' he
caffles, an' slews, an' wcant saay nowt stright oot aboot munny,
PEACOCK Taales (1889) 38; (E.S.) ; n-Lin.1 He caffled a bit when
he was afoore th' magistrates, bud it were to noa good. sw.Lin.1
Are we going to caffle over it in any form ?
Hence (i) Caffler, sb. a shuffler, excuse maker; (2)
Caffling, (a) vbl. sb. hesitating, 'shilly-shallying'; (b) ppl.
adj. prevaricating, excusing.
(i) w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 30, 1892) ; w.Yks.3 (2) Lin.
Mr. W — , after some caffling, declared he did not say so and so,
A'. & Q. (1886) 7th S. i. 67. e-An.1 (i) Wm. Thoos leein', Ah
know thoos leein', bi thi varra cafflin' way (B.K.). sw.Lin.1 Any
sort of caffling tale.
3. To cheat in a game.
Gmg. Children say ' Cafflings always come to provings' (J.Y.E. ).
4. To change one's mind, go back from a promise or
bargain ; to decline a contest.
w.Yks. Tha'rt nivver bahn to caffle on't (J.J.B.) ; Neither snow
nor rain could prevent him from going, for he hated caffling,
Memoir Rev. J. Gregory (1876) 25; I've caffled about it. Obsol.,
Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 3, 1891). Cor.3
6. To gossip and make mischief.
w.Yks. (B.K.) ; Sike cafflin' deed as niwer was (A.C.).
6. sb. An argument ; misunderstanding, disagreement.
e.Yks. An efther some caffle, conthrahvin, an talkin, They varry
seean manidged ti mak up a mawkin. NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. ^1889)
39. s.Pem. There is a tremendews caffle there with am (W.M.M.\
[Cp. MHG. kebeln, keffeln, kevelen, to quarrel (LEXER,
s.v. Kibelen).]
CAFFLE, v? and sb.2 Yks. Lan. Lin. Wor. Hrf. Pern.
Written caffel Lan.1 n.Lan.1; kaffle ne.Lan.1 [ka'fl,
kae-fl.]
1. v. To entangle.
Lan.1, n.Lan.1, ne.Lan.1 n-Lin.1 You've caffled them cottons
togither shaameful. Wor. (J.R.W.)
2. Fig: To perplex, entangle a person in conversation.
w.Yks. (B.K.) ; HUTTON Tourlo Caves (1780. ne.Lan.1
CAFFLE
[485]
CAGGLE
3. sb. A ravel of silk or worsted ; a tangle.
Hrf.2 Pern. My hair's all of a caffle (E.D. .
CAFFLE, v? Cor. Also in form scaffle Cor.3 [kaefl.]
1. To deal in ' caff' or rubbish, esp. unsaleable fish.
See Caff, sb.2 Cor. (M.A.C.); Cor.3
Hence Caffler, sb. a dealer in rubbish.
Cor. He is a caffler, he is ; he has often caffled me before and
made me buy worthless things (M.A.C.).
2. In phr. To caffle pilchards, to pick up those pilchards
that fall over the basket ; the privilege of the bystanders.
w.Cor. (M.A.C.)
CAFFLING, ppl. adj. Yks. [ka'flin.] Puny, weak,
delicate ; nervous, timid. See Caff, v.3
n.Yks. Heard only about Malton (R.H.H. . w.Yks. (B.K.) ;
w.Yks.2 He's a caffling child.
CAG, sb.1 Sc. Nhb. Yks. Wil. Dor. Cor. Written kag
Nhb.1 Cor.3 ; kaig Wil. Also in form caggie Sc.
1. A small cask, keg.
Sc. A huge cag of butter, SCOTT Midlothian (1818) xlv. e.Fif.
Sullivan, wha had been despatched to St. Andrews wi' the caggies
o' brandy, LATTO Tarn Bodkin (1864) viii. Nhb.1 Sandy the
Cobbler, whose belly's as round as a kag, Sng. e.Yks.1 Wil.
SLOW Gl. (1892). Dor. A kag o' poor aunt's meade a-stannen by.
BARNES Poems (1879) 75.
2. The keg or cask in which miners take their drinking
water underground. Cor.3
[1. Cag of sturgeon, a barrel, or vessel that contains
from four to five gallons, PHILLIPS (1706) ; Caque, a cag ;
... (a barrel, or vessel, wherein salt meats, pitch, rosen,
&c., are usually carried, or kept), COTGR. ON. kaggi, a
cask.]
CAG, sb.2 Yks. Chs. Not. Lin. Nhp. War. Shr. Mtg.
Ess. Som. Written keg- Not.1 Lin.1 [kag, kaeg, keg.]
1. Bad or inferior meat, carrion. Cf. cag-mag, sb.2 2. Not.
(J.H.B.); w.Som.1
Hence (i) Caggy, adj. Of meat : tainted ; (2) Cagment,
sb. fig. applied to persons who are disreputable in any
way ; (3) Keggy, sb. decaying vegetables or food.
(i) Ess. ,S.P.H.) (2) m.Yks.1 (3) Not.1, Lin.1
2. Comp. (i) Cag-butcher, one who buys diseased meat,
or animals that have died a natural death, for the purpose
of selling as ordinary meat ; a horse-slaughterer ; (2)
•meat, inferior or diseased meat.
(i) s.Chs. (T.D.), War.2, Shr.1 w.Som.1 Kag-beoclrur. (2)
Mtg. Butchers who sell half-fed or diseased meat are called cag-
meat butchers (E.R.M.).
3. Any old wrinkled female, as an old woman, cow, ewe.
Nhp.1 An old cagg.
CAG, v.1 Sh.I. Yks. War. Won I.W. Som. Dev. Cor.
Slang. Written kagg S. & Ork.1 ; keg n.Yks.12 m.Yks.1
[kag, kaeg, keg.]
1. To annoy, vex, insult, give sharp offence ; to grieve.
S. & Ork.1, m.Yks.1 w.Wor. Her be alleys a caggin him, like a
oud jay at a owl, War. Jrn. (Mar. 3, i888j. I.W.2 I've ben and
cagged en now, I louz. Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). Dev. He was
cagg'd wi I, PULMAN Sketches (1842; 82, ed. 1871. Slang. [At
Westminster School] Pray do not cag Home Took \_sic J for the sake
of the debates, SOUTHEY Lett. (1801) I. 149, ed. 1856.
Hence (i) Cagged, pp. annoyed, vexed, offended ;
grieved ; (2) Caggy, adj. ill-tempered, ready to quarrel,
splenetic.
(i) S. & Ork.1, n.Yks." 2, Cor.23 ;2) n.Yks.1 2
2. To chatter, gossip. Cf. cag-mag, sb.1
War.2 w.Wor. A naggin' an' a caggin' orl daay long, S. BEAU-
CHAMP N. Hamilton (1875; I. 127.
CAG, v.2 Lei. Nhp. Shr. Mtg. Also written kag Lei.1
1. To crawl, move slowly.
Lei.1 Ah cain't 'ardly cag about. Nhp.2
2. To idle, potter about, do odd jobs.
Lei.1 Shr., Mtg. I go kagging about the roads on a pony (M.H.C.).
CAG, see Kag.
CAGE, sb. Van dial, uses in Eng.
1. The frame of iron in a coal-pit, which works between
slides in a shaft, and in which the tubs of coal and work-
men are lowered into the pit and brought to the surface.
Nhb.1 The cage in its modern form consists of three or four
stories or stages, into each of which two tubs are run. Nhb., Dur.
GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849). e.Dur.1, w.Yks. (C.V.C. •
2. Comp. (i) Cage-chains, the chains connecting the
cage to the winding-rope ; (2; -cover, the sheet-iron roof
to protect the workmen in going up and down in the
cage ; (3) -hole, the place where the cage stands at the
shaft bottom ; (4) -shoes, the part of the cage made to fix
on to the guides or conductors to steady it when running
in the shaft ; (5) -sneck, a movable part of the cage by
which the tubs are kept in place during their passage in
the shaft ; (6) -top, see -cover.
(i Nhb.1 The whole structure is slung from the winding-rope
attachment by cage-chains, which are united by a large centre link
from which they depend to the attachment at each corner of the
cage. Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl (1888-. (2^ Nhb.1
Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888). (3) Nhb.1 At the
bottom of the shaft, the structure descends into the ' cage-hole,'
where its various stages are relieved in turn of the empty tubs,
and refilled with laden ones. Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON ib. (4)
Nhb.1 The ascending and descending cages are steadied by cage-
shoes, which clasp the ' guides ' at each side. Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON
ib. (5) Nhb.1 The tubs are held in their places by the ' sneck,' a
simple bolt passing through the top of each floor, with projecting
revolving catches at each end, which are turned down as the tubs
are passed on. Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON ib.
3. A fence, such as is put round a young tree or a
well.
ii.Lin. It's a oppen well, wi'oot a caage roond it, PEACOCK Tales
and Rhymes (1886) 62. s.Lin. (T.H.R.
4. A squirrel's nest, a ' dray.'
Hmp. WISE New Forest (1883) 282 (s.v. Dray); Very common
(T.L.O.D.X
5. A set, esp. in phr. a cage of teeth, a set of teeth whether
natural or artificial.
w.Som.1 Wuul ! dhee-s u-gauf u geod kee-uj u tai-dh, shoa-ur
nuuf [Well ! thou hast a good set of teeth, sure enough], Ez ut
true-, zr, eens kn ae-u u niie' kee-uj u-puut een ? [Is it true, sir,
that (one^ can have a new cage put in ?] Dev. Reports Provinc.
(1877) 128. Cor.1 She has a beautiful cage of teeth ; Cor.2
6. In phr. (i) a cage of bells, (a) a set or peal of bells, the
frame in which the bells are hung ; (b) a set of bells,
usually four in number, mounted on the heads of horses ;
(2) a cage of bones, a skeleton.
(i, a) n.Dev. Said of a church : ' It has a fine cage of bells,'
N. & Q. (1860) 2nd S. x. 66. nw.Dev. (R.P.C.) (b, nw.Dev.
Obs. (R.P.C.) (2) Cor. THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) Gl.: A
very thin person is often described as a cage of bones (M.A.C. .
7. A place of call where men are taken on at the Docks.
Lon. Gl. Lab. (1894).
CAGEL, see Caggie, v.1
CAGERY, adj. Dev. [Not known to our correspon-
dents.] Tricky.
s.Dev. A certain man was recommended to be employed at
piece-work, as he was ' pretty cagery ' at day-work, Reports
Provinc. (1883) 83.
CAGEY, see Cadgy.
CAGGED, pp. Cor. [kaegd.] Caked, ingrained. Cf.
caggy.
Cor. Thy nuddick's cagged with dirt, THOMAS Randigal Rhymes
(1895) 22 ; Cor.3 Common.
CAGGLE, f.1 Chs. Stf. Shr. Written cagel Stf.1 ;
kaggle Shr.1 ; also in form kaggow s.Chs.1
1. To harrow, esp. to harrow over a rough fallow or to
break new ground.
s.Chs.1 Dhai' waan-tn yu goa- Diit-nz fur leeud dhu fost os ; dhi
bin g<5o-in ky'aag-ii i}dhu Chek-ur feyld [They wanten yd go
Button's for leead the fost hoss ; they bin gooin kaggow i' the
Chequer feyld]. Stf. (K. ) ; Stf.1 [RAY (1691) MS. add. (J.C. ]
2. Fig. To struggle to keep up and make the best of
circumstances.
Shr.1 'Ow dun'ee manage, 66th the ruff ralnin' in so bad? —
Well, we bin obleeged to kag'l on some'ow— we 'ad'n to pool the
bed out, an' put the cooler to ketch it.
CAGGLE, v.2 Lin. [ka'gl.] To stick together; to
coagulate.
n.Lin.1 The drain of a sink being stopped, the maid servant
explained that • it's th' hard waiter, th' soap an' things that caggies
all together.'
CAGGY
[486]
CAILEY
CAGGY, adj. Chs. [ka'gi.] Sticky. Cf. cagged, pp.
Chs.1 Wheat that was ground too new was described as ' caggy
and damp, like.'
CAGGY, see Keggy.
CAG-HANDED, see Keek-handed.
CAGIE, see Cadgy.
CAGION, see Casion.
CAG-MAG, sb.1 and v.1 Lan. Chs. Not. War. Won Glo.
e.An. Ken. Dev. Also in forms cack-mag (HALL.); keek-
meg Lan.1; keg-meg Chs.1 Not.2 Ken.1 [ka-g-mag,
ke'g-meg.]
1. sb. A gossip, newsmonger ; a pert, meddling woman
or girl. See Cag, v.1 2.
Lan.1 Chs.1 Howd thi tongue, tha keg-meg, thy tongue's allus
ready. War. (J.R.W.) ; War.3 Her's a regular cag-mag. Ken.1
2. A quarrelsome person.
Dev.8 Emma Tapp is a brave oP cagmeg, 'er can't live paysible
wi' nobody. The offending party is gen. a woman. I never heard
a man spoken of as a ' cagmag.' nw.Dev. Her's a proper cag mag
(R.P.C.).
3. Chatter, idle talk; an unsettled argument. Not.3,
e.An. (HALL.)
4. A practical joke, mischief.
n.Dev. Now don't you boys get up to any cag-mags (F.A.A. ).
nw.Dev. He's always up to some cag-mag or t'other (R.P.C.).
5. A fix, hobble.
nw.Dev. He'th a-got into a regular cag-mag — can't go vore nor
back (R.P.C.).
6. v. To ' nag,' grumble at ; to speak abusively, quarrel.
w.Wor.1 It's on'y them two owd critters upsta'rs a cagmaggin'
like thaay allus be. se.Wor.1, s.Wor.1, Glo.1
CAG-MAG, sb.2 and adj. Var. dial. uses. Also in forms
keg-meg Nhb.1 w.Yks.2 Chs.1 Not.1 n.Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 ; kek-
mek Chs.1 [ka'g-mag, ke'g-meg.]
1. sb. A tough old goose, not fit for eating ; an inferior
breed of sheep.
Sc. PENNANT Tour ( 1769) App. 9. N.Cy.1 Nhb. The old [geese]
are called cagmags, and are bought only by novices in market-
making, BEWICK Birds (1804) 11.302 ; Nhb.1, Lin.1 n.Lin. That oud
cagmag o' thine '11 be as tiff as boot-leather, when it cums to killin'
on her, PEACOCK Taales (1889) 118; n.Lin.1 Hmp. HOLLOWAY.
Cor.2
2. Tough, inferior meat; carrion. Also used attrib. See
Cag, sb.2
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, e.Yks.1 w.Yks. (J.K.); w.Yks.2 Chs. Sheaf
(1878) I. 22. s.Chs.1 Dhu mee-t uz wi aad- fur ee't wuz nuwt bu
ky'aag'maag [The meat as we had for eat was nowt bu' cagmag].
s.Stf. Astid o' prime jints, we'm glad now of a dinner off cagmag,
PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895). Not. ^W.H.S.); Not', n.Lin.1,
Lei.1, Nhp.1, War.2, w.Wor.1 Shr.1 I conna ate sich cag-mag as
that ; it met do fur a dog, but it inna fit fur a Christian. Hrf.2
Glo.1 A cagmag butcher is one who slaughters ' dead' meat Lon.
I hain't no need to horniment my blocks wi' cag-mag, Sunday
Mag. (1877) 108. I.W.2 Dor. I wou'den have sich cag-mag in a
gift, BARNES Gl. (1863). Wil. SLOW Gl. 1,1892) ; Wil.1 nw.Dev.1
Food which one does not relish or care to eat, not bad meat or
carrion. Cor.2
3. Bad, unwholesome food ; refuse of any kind, anything
valueless, worthless.
n.Yks. She'd t'impedence te cum an' ax mah if Ah wad buy an
awd cagmag of a silk gown, TWEDDELL Clevel. Rhymes (1875) 37.
m.Yks.1 w.Yks. An injudicious or repulsive incorporation of foods
would be termed Kag-mag, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (June 23, 1894).
s.Chs.1 Chiik au' dhaat- ky aag-maag upu)th mik-sn [Chuck aw
that cagmag upo' th' mixen]. Not.1 n.Lin. SUTTON Wds, (1881) ;
n.Lin.1 I wo'dn't eat sich keg-meg, it isn't fit for dog meat.
sw.Lin.1 I can't call it nowt but kegmeg. Lon. Dy. News 'July
22, 1892). Cor. (F.R.C.)
Hence Cagmagly, adj. worthless. n.Lin. (M.P.)
4. A term of opprobrium applied to persons, a loose
character, disreputable old woman; a simpleton, 'noodle.'
e.Yks. He's nobbut a cag-mag sooart of a chap, at'll nivver cum
tiv a good end (J.N.) ; e.Yks.1 D'ye think Ah wad be seen wiv
an awd cag-mag like that ? s.Chs.1 Yo cagmag, yC. Suf. (F.H.1 ;
He's only a poor cag-mag of a fellow (C.G.B.).
5. adj. Inferior, spurious ; coarse, mongrel bred.
War. (J.R.W. ) Lon. It's no use a publican trying to gammon
us with any of his cag-mag stuff, MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851)
III. 253, ed. 1861. I.W.1 He's agurt zote, cagmag zortof a fellur;
I.W.2 Tes a gurt cagmag sort o' hoss. Soni. SWEETMAN Win-
canton Gl. (1885).
6. Squeamish, dainty about one's food.
Chs.1 Hoo winner ate her pobs winner er? by leddy, wi'n ave
for t' gi' her cakes an wine hoo's getten so kek-mek wi her atin.
CAG-MAG, v? Yks. Not. [ka-g-mag, ke'g-meg.]
1. To loaf, loiter about.
e.Yks. In common use. Ah wadn't cag-mag aboot wiv 'im, if Ah
was thoo ; he's neeah sooart of a mak for thoo (J. N.); e.Yks.1 He
gav up his awn thrade an noo gans cag-maggin aboot cunthry like
neeabody.
2. To keep company, pay addresses to, court. Not.1
CAG-MARL, sb. Chs.1 Marl that is not shaly, but
tenacious. Cf. caggy.
CAHEEING, vbl. sb. ne.Lan.1 [Not known to our
correspondents.] Loud laughter.
CAHL, see Coul, Kyle.
CAHNSER, see Caunsey.
CAHOW, int. Abd. MAM.) The cry used at ' hide-
and-seek ' by those who hide themselves, as announcing
that it is time for the seeker to commence his search.
CAHR, see Cower.
CARRY, see Car, adj.
CAIB, sb. Sth. (JAM.) The iron employed in making
a spade.
[Gael, ceaba (gen. ceibe), the iron part of a spade or
other implement for digging or turning up the ground
(MACLEOD & DEWAR).]
CAICE, see Case.
CAICH, see Cadge, v.2
CAIDGIE, CAIDGY, see Cadgy.
CAIF, adj. Rxb. (JAM.) Also written kaif. Familiar.
CAIGERED,//). S.&Ork.1 Entangled. Cf. cadge, a3
CAIGH, sb. Sc. (JAM.) In phr. Caigh and care, anxiety
of every kind.
Rnf. Yourcaigh and care ahint you fling, Poems (1794) 97.
CAIGY, see Cadgy.
CAIKIE, see Cakey.
CAIL, v.1 Yks. Lan. Shr. Mtg. e.An. Also written
cale ne.Lan.1 Suf. ; kail w.Yks. ; kale Shr.1 [kel.]
1. To throw, pelt ; to throw weakly.
w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781). ne.Lan.1 e.An.1 A boy
throws a stone, a mauther calls it. Nrf. GROSE 1790 ; The boys
cail stones, COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf. ( 1893) 5 ; You young willain,
what are you hulling and cailing them there stuns about for !
(W.R.E.) ; Nrf.1 A cail'd a stone right at my hid. Suf. CULLUM
Hist. Hawsted (1813) ; He's allust a cailin (C.T.) ; Herea mauther
never ' cales ' a stone, but ' kops ' it (F.H.) ; Suf.1
2. Of a cart, &c. : to tilt up or turn over in order to dis-
charge a load.
Shr.1 Wen Dick brings the nex' tumbril loado' turmits, tell 'im
to kayle 'em up i' the orchut fur them yeows. Mtg. He cailed the
load of hay over E.R. M.).
3. To move awkwardly and uncertainly; to gambol,
throw out the heels like a colt.
e.An.1 Kicking and cailing.
4. With adv. along: to fly low. Suf. (F.H.)
CAIL, V? Yks. Also written cayl, kaile w.Yks.2
[kel.] To be in poor health, to suffer.
w.Yks.2 Miss Julie was always cayling.
Hence Cailing, ppl. adj. ailing, weakly.
w.Yks. \ks. N. & Q. (1888) II. 109; w.Yks.3
CAIL, see Kail.
CAILEY, sb. and v. Irel. Also written caley, cayley,
caillyea, kaly, kaley, kailyee. [ki'li.]
1. sb. A call, friendly visit, chat, gossip among neigh-
bours.
Ir. As he came over on his kailyee, CARLETON Trails Peas.
(1843) 49. N.I.1 Cav. I made a kaley in Mrs. Brady's and heard
the news (M.S.M.). Mea., Dub., Kid. To go on caley [logo about
gossiping] (G.M.H.).
2. v. To chat, gossip.
Ant. Ballymena Obs. (i8g2\ Own, ^C.H.W.)
[Ir. ceilidh, a visiting (O'REILLY) ; Gael, ceilidh, a gossip-
ing visit or meeting (MACBAINJ.J
CAILLEACH
[487]
CAITIFF
CAILLEACH, 5*. Sc. Irel. Also written caillach Sc. ;
calliagh s.Don. ; caliagh N.I.1 ; collioch, collough Ir.
1. An old woman.
Sc. However, some caillachs that were about Donald's hand,
nursed Gilliewhackit, SCOTT IVaverley 11814) xviii. Inv. (H.F.)
Ir. The 'colloughs' (old women) soon cured their flesh-wounds
and broken limbs, BARRINGTON Sketches (1830) I. ii. w.Ir. There
was a certain collioch who was an extensive dealer in the marvel-
lous. LOVER Leg. (1848) II. 484.
2. Stalks of standing corn plaited together and used at
the festivity of the harvest-home. Cf. granny.
s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. 1890).
3. A potato of more than a year old.
N.I.1 Probably from its wrinkled appearance. Ant. When
raising potatoes, an old one of a previous year's growth occasionally
turns up, which is called a calliagh, Ballymena Obs. (1893).
[1. Ir. & Gael, cailleach, an old woman, nun ; Olr.
caillech, 'veiled one,' der. of caille, veil (MACBAIN).]
CAIM, v. Stf.1 Shr.1 Also written kame Shr.1 [kern.]
To mock, make loud noises in derision.
CAIM-, see Cam-.
CAIN, v. Yks. Lan. Also written cane, kane, keean
n.Yks.1 [ken, n.Yks. kian.] To form a scum or ' head,'
as liquor in a state of fermentation. See Calm, sb.1
n.Yks.1
Hence (i) Cained, ppl. adj. having a scum or ' mother' ;
(2) Canes (keeans), so. a white scum on fermented ale,
sour milk, &c.
(i) w.Yks. WATSON Hist. Hlfx. (1775) 535 ; Leeds Merc. Suppl.
(Mar. i, 1884) 8; w.Yks.13, ne.Lan.1 1,3) n-Yks.1
[Caned, acidus. Canynge of ale, acor, Cath. Angl. (1483).
Cf. MLG. kam, also kan, mould on fermented liquor
( SCHILLER & LUBBEN) ; G. kahm, also kahnA
CAIN, see Ken.
CAIN-AND-ABEL, sb. phr. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Wil.
(i) Orchis mascula, purple orchis ; (2) O. latifolia ; (3) in
pi. Aquilegia vulgaris, columbine.
(i) Nhb. Nature Notes, 9; Nhb.1 (2) Sc., Nhb., Dur., Yks.
Science Gossip (1884) 94, 117. (3) s.Wil. I know this only as in
use in a few localities, of which Farley is one. Children ' fight '
one columbine against another, taking alternate strokes, as with
bennets. The columbine that is first to be beheaded by a blow
loses the game (G.E.D.).
CAINGE, v. Nhb. Yks. Also written cainje n.Yks.2 ;
cange N.Cy.1 [kendg.] To whine, grumble, complain.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
Hence (i) Caingel, sb., (2) Cainjer, sb. a cross, peevish
person ; (3) Cainjing, ppl. adj. peevish, ill-natured.
(i) n.Cy. GROSE (1790); N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 n.Yks. Stand by, caingell;
let me crum urn some bread, MERITON Praise Ale (1684) 1. 393.
(a, 3) n.Yks.2
[A back-formation fr. ME. cangun (canjun), a dwarf
(Halt M. 33), orig. a changeling, MLat. cambio (DUCANGE) ;
Les catnbions sont criards, ils sont fort pesants et fort
maigres (see DUMERIL, s.v. Camjous). Cp. N.E.D. s.v.
Congeon.}
CAINGE, see Cange.
CAINGY, adj. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Also
written cainjy n.Yks.2 m.Yks.1; kangy Cum. Wm. ;
kangy Cum.8; kaingy N.Cy.1 Nhb.1; keengy Nhb.1 ; and
in form kaingry Nhb. [ke-ndgi.] Irritable, cross,
peevish, ill-tempered. See Cainge.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. The kaingy awd cat left the lad but a shillin',
ROBSON Sngs. Tyne (1849) 56 ; Me muthor's bairns gat kaingry
wiv us, ROBSON Sng. Sol. (1856) i. 6; Nhb.1, Dur.1 Cum. Gl.
(1851) ; Yet ne'er a kangy answer Roger gave, GILPIN
Pop. Poetry (1875) 206. Wm. Gif she be kangy, and my prefer
skworn, GRAHAM Givordy (1778) 1. 129. n.Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 As
cainjy and cankery as an ill-clepp'd cur ; n.Yks.3 ne.Yks.1 Gen.
used of children. Thoo caingy labile thing ; whist, wi ya ! m.Yks.1
CAIP, see Cape, sb?
CAIPER-CAILLIE, see Capercailye.
CAIR, v. Sc. Also written kair Bnff.1 [ker.] To
toss backwards and forwards ; to mix up ; to handle over-
much, stir about.
n.Sc. Children are said to cair any kind of food which they take
with a spoon when they toss it to and fro in the dish. Cairin the
kail. If ye dinna kair, ye '11 get nae thick (JAM.). Bnff.1 To
separate the broken pieces of straw from oats, barley, &c., by
throwing the mixture over the hands and retaining the straw in
the hands. He kairt the clover an' girs-seed through ither.
Hence (i) Kair, sb. much handling; (2) Kairan, v bl. sb.
the acts of tossing backwards and forwards, mixing up,
handling over-much.
Bnff.1 He keeps an unco kair amon' that bits o' paipers o' his.
[ON. keyra, to fling, toss.]
CAIR, see Car, adj.
CAIRBAN,s6. Sc. (JAM.) Also in form cartin. The
basking shark, Squalus maximus. Cf. brigda. See also
Carfin.
w.Sc. On the w. coast it [the basking shark] is well known by
the names of sail-fish and cairban, NEILL Fishes (1810) 26.
[Gael, cairbein (also cearban), a sail-fish, basking shark
(MACLEOD & DEWAR). Ir. cairbhan (O'REILLY).]
CAIRD, sb. Sc. Nhb. Also written kaird Abd. ; card
Sc. n.Cy. [kerd.] A travelling tinker; a gypsy, tramp,
sturdy beggar.
Sc. Heh ! sirs, what cairds and tinklers An' ne'er-do-weel horse-
coupers, FERGUSSON Poems (1789) II. 27 (JAM.) ; The tribes of
gipsies, jockeys, or cairds — for by all these denominations such
banditti were known, SCOTT Guy M. (1815) vii ; An' death, that
ruthless caird, DONALD Poems (1867) 7 ; Some caird body travellin'
about the country, ROY Horseman's Wd. (1895) iii ; The beggars
o' Benshie, The cairds o' Lour, CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes ( 1870)
264. Abd. What means that coat ye carry on your back ? Ye
maun, I ween, unto the kairds belong, Ross Helenore 1,1768) 72,
ed. 1812; A set o' cairds rinkin about the pumphel, ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb (1871) xxxv. Kcd. He cudna shawn it less respec'
Though it hed been a caird's, GRANT Lays (1884) 28. Arg. Fish
. . . bonny for earl or caird, MUNRO Pibroch (1896) 99. Ayr. Her
charms had struck a sturdy caird, BURNS Jolly Beggars (1785) st.
40. Gall. Set a caird on a cuisser an' he'll ride to the Deevil,
NICHOLSON Hist. Tales (1843) 128; A set of wild cairds — cattle
reivers and murderers, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) 12. n.Cy.
Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.) Nhb.1
[Gael, ceard, a tinker, smith (MACLEOD & DEWAR) ; cp.
Lat. cerdo, craftsman.]
CAIRD, see Card, sb.1
CAIRED, pp. Ant. Covered.
Ant. Caired with snow ^.H.P.).
[The vb. cair (to cover) is due to a contracted form der.
fr. OFr. cuev-, the stressed base of covrir (mod. couvrir).
See Kever.]
CAIRN, see Corn, Kairn.
CAIRN-TANGLE, sb. Sc. (JAM.) Also written earn-.
The fingered fucus, Fucus digitatus.
Abd. The fucus with roots not unlike those of a large tree, cast
ashore on the beach after a storm at sea.
[Prob. fr. its growing on cairns (beds of stones) on the
sea-shore. See Tangle.]
CAIRNY, adj. Sc. [ke'rni.] Abounding with heaps
of stones.
Sc. The rose blooms gay on cairny brae, TANNAHILL Poems
(1807) 150.
CAIRSAY, see Kersey.
CAIRT, see Cart.
CAISE, sb. Yks. [kes.] Conium maculatum, hem-
lock.
w.Yks. I have known the word all my life as used at Brig-
house among farmers (J.H.T.) ; Yks. N. &• Q. (1888) II. 109.
CAIT, see Coit.
CAITIFF, sb. Obs. Nhb. Yks. A cripple, one who
is deformed and helpless.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, e.Yks. (W.T.) w.Yks. WATSON Hist. Hlfx.
1775) 535; w.Yks.1 Poor lad, he'll be a caitiff all his life;
w.Yks.3*
[The same as ME. caitif, a wretched, miserable person.
To sorwe was she ful ententyf, That woful recchelees
caityf (la dolereuse, la chetive), CHAUCER R. Rose, 340. The
orig. sense of caififwas captive. The deuyl & his aungels
led vs caitifs (captiuos, Vulg.) in synne, HAMPOLE Ps,
(c. 1330) cxxxvi. 3. OFr. (Ficard) caitif, captive, weak,
miserable.]
CAITION
[488]
CAKKER
CAITION, see Caution.
CAIVINGS, see Cavings.
CAIZIE, sb. Sh.I. A fishing-boat. Sh.I. (JAM.),
S. & Ork.1
CAIZIE, see Cassie.
CAKE, sb.1 and v.1 Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also written cyek Nhb.1 ; keeak n.Yks.2 e.Yks.1 ; kyaack
Abd.; kyekNhb.1
1. sb. Oatcake ; a thin, hard species of oatcake.
Abd. That's a bit o' the kitchie kyaaks, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb
( 1871) viii. nw.Abd. There's ait kyaaks and bannocks tee, Goodwife
(1867) st. 7. Rnf. O weel I lo'e the land o' cakes, Where love and
freedom reign, BARR Poems (1861)83. Ayr. Hear, land o' cakes, and
brither Scots, BURNS Grose's Peregrinations (1789) St. I. Twd.
The oat-cake, known by the sole appellative of cake, is the gala
bread of the cottagers, PENNECUIK Descr. Tuieedd. (ed. 1815) 89
(JAM.). Gall. The cake is thin and hard, the bannock soft and
thick (A.W.).
2. Wheaten bread ; bread of any description.
Yks. Keek is wheaten bread ; bried being used for oat bread,
ELLIS Pronunc. (1889) V. 391. n.Yks.2 When bread is high, the
housewife will let a cake or a loaf fall on the floor that the price
may lower. Yks. Men were about to search for the body of their
master with a loaf of cake and a candle, BARING-GOULD Pennyqks.
(1870) 88, ed. 1890. w.Yks. (E.G.) ; Etten cake's sooin forgotten,
Prov. (S.K.C.)
3. Bread baked on the sole, not in a tin ; bread made
into a flat shape.
Ir. I seen where there was a big cake of griddle-bread, BARLOW
Lisconnel (1895) 60. n.Lin.1, swXin.1, w.Som.1
4. Comp. (i) Cake-bail, a tin or pan in which a cake is
baked ; (2) -bread, (a) bread of fine quality made of flour
such as cakes are made of; (b) bread made of rye and
barley, baked on a 'girdle' over the fire ; (3) -coupings, an
interchange of social or tea visits ; (4) -creel, a rack at the
top of a kitchen to dry oatcakes ; (5) -night, All Hallows'
Eve, when a cake is made for each member of the family ;
(6) -spittle or -sprittle, (a) a thin wooden board used for
turning oatcakes on the ' bakestone ' (q.v.) ; (b) pi. the
hands ; (7) -swappings, see -coupings ; (8) -toaster,
a rack made in the form of the letter A, used to brown
a cake before the fire.
(i) Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1 (2, a) Lan. Kake brayde un loafe brayde,
SCHOLES Tim Gamwattle (1857) 14 ; ' Gi me a bit o' cake-bread,' as
distinguished from ' Gi me a bit o' loaf or 'loaf-bread' (S.W.).
nXin.1 (b) Cum. (M.P.) (3) n.Yks.12 (4) N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 (5)
w.Yks. So called at Ripon (HALL.) ; BRAND Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1849)
I. 392. (6, a] w.Yks. Theear they've na cake-sprittles. yo mind,
Nor levvin-kits, nor churns, SENIOR Smithy Rhymes 1^1882) 41;
(C.V.C.); w.Yks.24, Der.1 (6) w.Yks. But shu'd t'heaviest hands, or
raither cake spittels, iver I felt i' all my loife. HALLAM Wadsley
Jack (1866) viii. (7) n.Yks.2 (8) Nhb.1
5. In phr. (i) to have one's cake baked, to be comfortably
off, of independent means ; (2) to come out with the cakes,
fig. to be silly, half-witted ; (3) to be kept to one's cake and
milk, to be kept within bounds, at a task, work, &c. ; (4)
that cake's all dough or duff, a proverbial expression
denoting that a project or undertaking has failed ; (5) it's
cake and pie to them, said of anything gratifying or profit-
able ; (6) hard cake, said of anything hard to bear.
(i) n.Yks. (W.H.) w.Yks. A Wilsden woman vowed that no
man should have her daughter as a wife who hadn't his ' cake
baked,' Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 30, 1892) ; He can afford to be
independent, he's got his cake baked (H.L.). (2) s.Chs.1 s.v.
Cakey. War.2 Put in with the bread, and pull'd out with the
cakes. w.Wor. I baynt such a borned fool as that. No, no ; if
you corned out wi' the cakes, I stopt in till the loaves, S. BEAUCHAMP
Gmntley Grange (1874) I. 76. (3) s.Chs. (T.D.), War.2 (4) s.Stf.
Directly I seed the expression o' his faice, I said — My cake's duff,
PINNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895). Nhp.1 War.2 O, dear, O ! My
cake's all dough, And how to make it better I do not know, Flk-
rhyme. ne.Wor. Also expressed in the form 'that's a bad egg!'
(J.W.P.) se.Wor.1 ;5) n.Yks.2 (6) n.Lin.1
6. Linseed or other cakes used as food for cattle.
nXin.1 sw.Lin.1 Some men run up a great caek bill their last
year.
7. Of hay : a layer cut from the rick. Cf. clat.
Dev.3 Used throughout the county. nw.Dev.1
8. Honeycomb ; the combs in a wasp's nest. Chs.1
9. v. To feed cattle with linseed or cotton cake.
n.Lin.1 I alus caake my yohs e' winter as well as th' hogs.
Hence Caking, ppl. adj. feeding with linseed cakes.
sw.Lin.1 It was between caeking and fothering time.
10. To dry, harden, calcine ; to unite in a mass.
Ir. Which would cake the vital fluid in the veins, CARLETON
Traits Peas. (1843) 134. n.Yks.2 Coals in the fire are ' caked to
a cinder.' e.Yks.1 w.Yks. Small coals on a fire ' cake together,'
BANKS Wkfid. Was. (1865). Oxf.1 The dirt's caked on, MS. add.
Hence (i) Caked, pp. (a) hardened, compressed; (b)
twisted, entangled ; (2) Caking-coals, sb. coals of a
superior quality that ' cake ' together when burning.
(i, a) n.Yks.2 (6) w.Yks. ( J.J.B.) (2) Nhb. The variety called
caking-coals, which melt in the fire, burn to a strong cinder in the
open air, and . . . produce very few ashes, MARSHALL Review
Vi8i8) I. 19.
CAKE, sb? Not. Lin. Lei. War. Som. Dev. Cor.
Slang, [kek, keik.] A simpleton, fool, silly person.
Cf. cakey.
Not.1, s.Not. (J.P.K.) Lin. STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes (1884)
320. n.Lin.1 He was a sore kai'h'k, wo'dn't stir his-sen so much
as to maw his muther gress-plat. sw.Lin.1 s.Lin. Ye great cake,
you, sittin over the fire all day (F.H.W.). Lei.1, War.3 Som. Pray
'scuse my lawfin at it so. An doant call oi a kfiake, FRANK Nine
Days (1879) 4. Dev.3 E's a rigler cake 'e is, dawn't knaw tuther
vrom which. Cor. He grows up a reg'lar cake, . . . one side half
baked and t'other forgot to be turned, PARR Adam and Eve (1880)
1. 278 ; Cor.2 Slang. He's but a cake, and that I saw, NAIRNE Talcs
'^1790)51, ed. 1824.
CAKE, v? Nhb. Cum. Yks. Written kaik Cum.
[kek.] To cackle as a goose, or as a hen wanting to sit.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Cum. Stuid kaikin' like a gezzlin', LONSDALK
U/>sfioi(i8n). n.Yks.1 2, ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. Geese cake, hens cackle,
MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788). m.Yks.1, w.Yks.1
CAKE, see Calk.
CA'KER, see Calker.
CAKERS, see Keeker.
CAKEY, sb. and adj. Sc. Yks. Chs. Not. Lin. War. Shr.
e.An. Written caikie Sc. (JAM.) ; caky w.Yks.2 s.Chs.1
[ke-ki, kei-ki.]
1. sb. A simpleton, soft, silly person. See Cake, sb.2
Feb. (JAM.) Chs.1 Tha great cakey, thee ; if tha hasna gone and
spilte aw th' job. s.Chs.1 Ky'ai'ki. s.Not. You are a cakey to let
'im 'umbug yer like that ! (J.P.K.) War. (J.R.W.) Nrf. N. & Q.
(1869) 4th S. iv. 127.
2. adj. Silly, weak of intellect, idiotic.
w.Yks.2 s.Chs.1 Dhem laad-z 0 Rob-isunz un au" got'n u ky'ai'ki
loo'k ubuwt um [Them lads o' Robison's han aw gotten a caky
lookabowt'em]. s.Lin. (T.H.R.) War.(J.R.W.) ; War.2 Shr.1
Now then, whad's wrang wuth yo' ? Bin *ee cryin' fur a biled
aip'ny, yo' cakey piece ? e-An.1
CAKING, vbl. sb. Yks. Der. Shr.
1. Obsol. A sort of gaming party, which the cottagers
sometimes got up as a speculation. See below.
Shr. Between harvest-time and Christmas a woman who pro-
posed to have a ' caking' made a batch of small cakes from the
produce of her ' leasings ' [gleanings] and invited the neighbouring
farm-servants to play cards for these cakes which she sold to them.
She bought in the ' lost ' cakes at the rate of three for twopence,
and resold them at the original price, one penny, to the losers.
She sometimes realized 8 or 10 shillings, and then considered
herself to have had ' a right good cakin'.' The practice of ' caking '
is now [1871] fast dying out, BURNE Flk-Lore (1883) 473.
2. In phr. to go a-caking, the custom on All Saints' Day
of poor women and children begging for cakes at the
houses of the well-to-do.
Der.1 They cry — 'A cake, a cake, for All Souls' sake.' House-
keepers formerly baked small loaves for the children, and [some]
somewhat larger for the mothers ; but at present this dole, to save
trouble, is given in money.
3. Comp. Caking-day, Nov. 2, All Souls' Day ; also
St. Thomas' Day, when children go round begging for
cakes.
w.Yks. Tho' months o' cakein' days we've seen, SENIOR Smithy
Rhymes (1882) 46 ; Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 30, 1892) ; w.Yks.2
Boys went round about this time asking for cakes.
CAKKER, see Calker.
CAKUM
[489]
CALEY
CAKUM, sb. Cum.1 [Not known to our correspon-
dents.] A foolish person. See Cake, sb.2
CAL, s*.1 Cor.128 Also written caul Cor.3; gal, kal
Cor.2 MS. acid, [kael.] Tungstate of iron. Also called
wild iron fq.v.).
Cor. Sometimes applied to Wolfram and Gossan found on the
backs of lode, WEALE.
CAL.s*.2 Cor. [ka;l.] A liar.
Cor.3 Used rarely. It implies intensity of lying. w.Cor. There
are a fine lot of cals in the town i M.A.C.).
[OCor. cat, cunning, sly (WILLIAMS).]
CALAMANCO, sb. Sc. (JAM. Sttppl.) Dur. Wm. Lan.
Chs. War. Shr. e.An. Written calaminca Shr.1; cali-
manco Sc. (JAM. Suppl.) e.An.1 Nrf.1 ; callamanco War.2 ;
callimanco e.Lan.1 ; callimanky Dur.1 ; kalamanca Lan.
1. A woollen stuff, glossy on the surface and woven so
that the pattern is seen only on one side. Also used
attrib.
Dur.1 Wm. We thout it varra mensful to hev ... a gud calimanco
or camlet gown, WHEELER Dial. (1790) 21, ed. 1821. e.Lan.1
e-An.1 The surface of calimanco shines somewhat like satin.
2. Comp. Calamanco-cat, a tortoiseshell cat.
Lan. N. & Q. (1877) 5th S. viii. 349. e-Lan.1, Chs.1, e.An.1, Nrf.1
3. A house of half timber and plaster.
War.3 The mansion was of plaster, striped with timber, not
unaptly called callamanco work, Sporting Mag. (Oct. 1797) 51.
4. A red shale, a mixture of red and yellow clay, marl,
and sand. Shr.1
[1. A gay calamanco waistcoat, Taller (1709) No. 96;
Boccasin, boccasin, also the callimanco (COTGR.). Cp. G.
kalmank (kalamank), ein nur auf einer Seite rechtes
Wollenzeng, theils einfarbig, theils gebliimt, theils ge-
streift (SANDERS).]
CALAMY, sb. Obs. Der. The ore of zinc, calamine ;
Lapis calaminaris.
Der. Calamy Cupel then at Randum's call, FURNESS Medicns
(1836) 49 ; Der.1
CALAV1NE, see Keely-vine.
CALAW, see Caloo.
CALCALARY, sb. Dev.4 (i) Cypripedium calceolus,
lady's slipper ; (2) Scabiosa arvensis, field scabious.
CALCAR, sb. Cor.12 (i) The lesser weever, or sting-
fish, Trachinus vipera; (2) The lance-fish, Ammodytes
Tobianus.
CALCHEN, sb. Abd. (JAM.) [ka'lX3n.] A square
wooden frame, with ribs across it in the form of a gridiron,
on which candle-fir (q.v.) is dried in the chimney.
CALCIE, see Causey.
CALD, see Cold.
CALDAR, sb. Lan. An upright memorial stone ; also
used affrib.
Lan. The Ordnance map of Lan. indicates the locality of some
ten or twelve ancient upright and weather-worn red sandstones,
varying from 3 to s| feet in height, which are enclosed by a low
wall. On the outside of the enclosure there is a stone with an
inscription stating that the ' caldar stones were inclosed in 184- '
N. & Q. (1869) 4th S. iv. 512; Obs. (S.W.
CALDER, see Colder.
CALE, sb.1 and v. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Shr.
Also written kail N.Cy.1 Nhb.1; kale w.Yks.5 Lan.1
m.Lan.1 Chs.3 Der.1 Shr.* [kel, keal.]
1. sb. A turn in rotation.
N.Cy.1 It's my kail. Nhb.1 w.Yks. Nah it wor't groinders kale
to shawt, HALLAM Wadsley Jack (1866) 46, ed. 1881 ; People take
their kale at a railway booking office (S.K.C.) ; w.Yks.25 Lan.
Yo'st o' be wed when yor kale comes, BRIERLEY Irkdale (1865^
225. ed. 1868 ; Lan.1, e.Lan.1 Chs. RAY (1691) ; Chs.123, s.Chs.1,
Der.12 nw.Der.1 Tha mun wait til it's thy cale [ky'ail]. Shr.1
' Kale for kale,' drinking alternately.
2. Condition, case, plight.
Lan. Aw fun me in aweary cale, HARLAND Sngs. Wilsons (1865)
14. s.Chs.1 Wot sau-rtuvu ky'arl aat'li in? [What sort of a cale at
'ee in ?] The answer to this question would be, ' I'm in a good ' or
a ' bad cale,' according to circumstances.
3. v. To take in turns, share.
w.Yks. There's two an a piece a won ; yo mun kale, BYWATER
Sheffield Dial. ( 1839} 156 ; w.Yks.2
VOL. I.
4. To go out of turn, supersede unjustly; to get the
start of.
Lan. Get in, hie thee, afore anybuddy else cales thee, STATON
B. Shuttle Bowtoun, 67 ; Lan.1 AwVe bin waitin' moor nor an
hour, an' he's gone in and caled mi. e.Lan.1, m.Lan.1 Der.1
Kyai-1 ; Der.2 I caled him at the kiln. nw.Der.1
Hence Kaled,/^. not served in turn, missed, passed over.
w.Yks. Leeds Men. Suppl. (June 23, 1894).
CALE, sb.2 Nhp. [kel.] The name given to a bed of
the great oolite by the quarrymen.
Nhp. PHILLIPS Geol. (1871^ 408.
CALE, see Cail. z/.1
CALEB JAY, phr. Obs. Nhb. Dur. An object of
compassion.
Nhb., Dur. ' The " Caleb Jay " was not, as his nickname of itself
might testify, popular in our pit village.' Note. It is said that at the
time of the Napoleonic wars some French prisoners were detained
in custody in the pit country not far from Durham City. Inter-
course between the inhabitants of the place and the foreigners
. . . resulted in the addition of one expressive phr. at least to the
local dialect, that, namely, of ' Caleb Jay ' for ' quel objet !' Now
wholly obs., but 'tis said it was once actually in use, Newc. Dy.
Leader \ Jan. i, 1897 "i 5, col. 2.
[From the Fr. exclamation Quel objet!}
CALEER, v. and sb. Irel. Also I.W. [kall'3(r).]
1. v. To caper, jump. I.W.1 See Caleever.
Hence (i) Caleeriness, vbl. sb. fun, mischief, giddiness;
(2) Caleery, (a) adj. light, vain, full of mischief; (b) sb.
a light, vain person.
(i)H.!.1 (a,aMb. Uls. (M.B.-S.) (^ Ant. (W.J.K.;,
2. sb. A caper, jump ; frolic.
I.W.1 He cut a calleer auver the deetch.
CALEEVER, v. and sb. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Also written calever Wm. ; calleever N.Cy.1
Nhb.1; calleevir Cum. ; calliever n.Yks.3 ; kelever Cum.
[kalrvar, kalrva(r).]
1. v. To skip, jump, frolic about ; to run about heed-
lessly, foolishly. Cf. caleer.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Come inti the hoose an' divent stop there
caleeverin on. Dur.1 Cum. Wi rackle scampers we kelever'd
round, GILPIN Pop. Poet. (1875) 205. n.Yks. He was drunk and
caleevering about like a madman (T.K.) ; n.Yks.3 w.Yks.5 Goa's
caleevering up an' darn, an' niwer minds her wark at awal. Lan.
He wur calleeverin about like a dancin jinny (S.W.).
Hence Caleevering, ppl. adj. energetic, flying wildly
or actively about.
Nhb.1 A wild calleevering youth. Cum.1 He's a caleeveran'
dancer is Ned.
2. sb. A caper, frolic, antic ; a hubbub, noisy game.
Wm. & Cum.1 My feet then carr't me ... in a calleevir owr
fwok, 129. Wm. We hed a calever at t'weddin' ( B. K.). w.Yks.5
Drop thee caleevers ! Minds nowt bud her caleevers.
[Prob. the same word as obs. E. caliver (caleever in
Coles (1679)), a light kind of musket, also, a soldier armed
with a ' caliver.' But the conn. betw. the dial. mg. and
the lit. mg. of the word is obscure.]
CALENDS, sb. pi. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Also written
kalends. In form kallings Shr. fkavlan(d)z.] The
name given in certain places to the footpath leading to
the entrance of the church.
Wor. The name given to the path that leads to the church at
Bredon, ./V. & Q. ^1856) 2nd S. ii. 236. Shr. The footpath,
paved with flag-stones, leading to the church at Ludlow is called
Kalends or Kallings. ib. Hrf. The name which the people of
Bromyard give to a long narrow footpath, leading to the church-
yard, ib. no.
[The opposite door (of Rouen Cathedral) leading into
the S. transept, called Portail de la Calende, Murray's
Handbook for France (1873) 45. MLat. Kalenda, ' Initium
cujusvis rei, puta, Locus ubi territorium aliquod incipit '
(DUCANGE).]
CALEUP, sb. Yks. [ki'lap.] A frolic, merry trick.
w.Yks.2 They carry on some nice caleups at Brincliffe. It was
the custom for young sweeps in Sheffield who climbed up chimneys
to cry ' caleup ' when they put their heads out of the chimney-top.
CALEVER, see Caleever.
CALEY, see Cailey.
3S
CALF
[49°]
CALK
CALF, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also
written ca' Sc. QAM.) ; cauf Sc. e.Yks.1 Chs.23 s.Chs.1
n.Lin.1 Shr.12 ; caulf Sc. ; cauve Lan.1 Shr.1 ; cawf n.Yks.2
Chs.1 ; cawve e.Lan.1 ; coaf ne.Lan.1 ; cofe Cum.1 w.Yks.3
n.Lan.1 ; kaff Nhb.1 In pi. caas N.Cy.1
1. In comp. (i) Calf-bed, the womb or matrix of a cow ;
the placenta of a cow ; (2) -hoist, a wooden partition to
separate the animals in a .cow-shed ; (3) -boose, a calf-
stall or box ; (4) -cote, a building where young calves are
kept ; (5) -country, see -ground ; (6) -creea or -creeal,
(7) -crib, a small pen or wicker compartment in the
cow-house to put a sucking calf in ; (8) -croft, a small
field near the house into which calves are turned ; (9)
-ground, a field where young calves are kept ; fig. a place
of birth, native place ; (10) -haulm, the udder or bag ;
(n) -head, (a) a foolish fellow; (b) a variety of apple;
(12) -heart, a coward ; (13) -hearted, timid, cowardly ; (14)
-house, (15) -hull, a house with pens for rearing calves ;
(16) -kit, (a) see -crib ; (b) see -cote ; (17) -knock, a knock
such as a calf would give ; ( 18) -lea, ' infield ' grass, or grass
on which calves are turned ; (19) -lick, a tuft of hair grow-
ing on the human forehead, which will not part or lie flat.
Also called cow-lick (q.v.) ; (20) -licked, having hair on
the forehead which will not lie flat ; (21) -love, the falling
in love of a boy at a very early stage ; in gen. colloq. use ;
(22) -lye, the womb of the cow ; (23) -nopes, slight blows
that do not hurt; (24) -rash, a foolish fancy, boy's love ;
(25) -skeel, the feeding-pail for 'sarrowing' or serving
the calves ; (26) -skins, the sea ruffled by the wind in
occasional spots, ' cat's-paws ' ; (27) -sod, sod or sward
bearing fine grass ; (28) -stage, a pen for weaning calves,
raised above the ground ; (29) -tail, a silly fellow ; (30)
•tod, lit. calf-dung, but applied to a species of sweetmeat
sold at Messingham and Ashby feasts; (31; -'s-tongue,
fig. a person who is mild or harsh-spoken according to
circumstance ; also called cow's-tongue ; (32) -trundles
or -trinnels, (a) the entrails of a calf ; (b) the ruffles on a
shirt or the flounces on a gown; (33) -view, the heart,
liver, and lights of a calf; (34) -ward, a small enclosure
for rearing calves ; (35) -white, a sucking calf; (36) -yard,
fig. the birthplace or home of one's youth.
(i) Wm. T'coo's putten her calf-bed doon (B.K.). n.Yks.12,
e.Yks.1, w.Yks.1, Chs.1, s.Chs.1 w.Som.1 Kaa'v, or kyaa-v-bai'd.
(2) w.Yks. Thrawin ther artefishal guns into a cauf-boist e wun
corner at laith, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann. 1,1853) 42.
(3) w.Yks. Went an' sat daan i' one o' th' cauf-booises, HARTLEY
Budget (1871) 1-31. (4) Chs.1, Shr.2 (5) Sc. (JAM.) (6) n.Yks.2
(•7) Chs.13 (8) Chs.1 (9) Sc. My sister came frae Moffatt with
them— that's my caulf-ground, OLIPHANT Lover and Lass, 5.
e.Fif. From the east neuk o' Fife ? — That's my calf-ground, LATTO
Tarn Bodkin (1864) xix. e.Lth. I was brocht up here, ye ken this
pairish was my cawf-grund, HUNTER J. Inwiik (1895) 231. (10)
Hrt. The calf haulm, udder, or bag will come down and swell as
much as a blown bladder, ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) 128. (n, a)
Cum.1 Wm. T'gurt cauf-heed wad blodder an" rooar fer nowt
(B.K.). n.Yks. Can on, thou great cofe-heead (I.W.). w.Yks.3
An eccentric gentleman disguised as a beggar once met his own
'hal' (jester), and took offhis hat to him. The 'hal,' knowingwho
it was, replied 'Keep thi' hat on, lad ; cofe yed is best wairm.'
(b) Wm. Ther war some cauf-heeds i' t'basket (B.K.). (12)
n-Lin.1 (13) e.Yks. Runnin away, like cawf-hearted chickins,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 43 ; e.Yks.1 He was awlas a bit cauf-
hearted. nXm.1, Nhp.1 (14) Nhb.1, n.Yks. (I.W.) ,15) w.Yks.
Many cottages are converted into cauf-hulls, MARKER Wharfedale
(1869^168. (i6,fl)Chs.123, Shr.1 (b) s.Chs.1, Shr.2 (17) w.Yks.
He gave him what he called a cauf-knock, an sent him sprawlin' ith
middle oth rooad, HARTLEY Clock Aim. (1877) 34- - J8) Ags. ijAM.)
(19) Ant Ballymena Obs. (1892). N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, w.Yks.15 Lan.1
Yo' may comm his yure as yo' like, but it'll noan lie down ; he's
a cauve-lick, like his fayther. n.Lan.1, Chs.1, s.Chs.1, Der.2,
nw.Der.1, Not.1, Lei.1, nXin.1, Nhp.1, War.2 (20) Dor.1. Cum.1
n.Yks.2, e.Yks.1, w.Yks.234 Lan. Tha'll know him, sure tha will :
he's reawnd shouldert an" a bit cawvelickt, WOOD Hum. Sketches
87. ne.Lan.1, e.Lan.1 (21) Edb. I had a terrible stound of calf-
love, MOIR Mansie Wauch 11828) iv. w.Som.1 (22) Cum.1
(23) n.Yks. He nobbut hits us cawf-nopes (I.W.X v24) w.Yks
He's nobbut getten t'cauf-rash and fallen into love, ECCLES Leeds
Olm. (1882) 4. (25) n.Yks.2 (26) S. & Ork.1 ^27) Rxb. JAM.)
28) Glo. Gl. (1851) ; A stage holds seven, or occasionally eight
calves. . . . The floor of the stage is formed of laths, about two
nches square, lying lengthway of the stage, and one inch asunder,
MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1789) I. 225 ; Glo.1 (29) Lan. That
cauve-teyl of a seketari, SCHOLES Tim Gamwattle (1857) 39. (30)
n.Lin.1 (31) Nrf. The tongue of a cow or calf being smooth on
one side and rough on the other, a calfs-tongue is a person who
is. according to occasion, mild-sppken or harsh-spoken (F.H.).
(32, a) Cum.1 n.Yks.2 When selected and cleansed, they are
shred up for ' a cawf-trinnel pie.' w.Yks.1 (b) w.Yks.1 (33)
Lei.1 (34) Ayr. His braw calf-ward where gowans grew, BURNS
Dr. Hornbook (1785) St. 23. 135) Wil.1 (s.v. White.) (36)
N.Cy.1 Nhb. Aw've learn'd to prefer my awn canny calf-yaird,
MIDFORD Coll. Sngs. (1818) 70 ; Nhb.1
2. In phr. (i) to lick thy calf, to improve or repair work
that has been imperfectly or badly done ; (a) Calf-gin Fair,
'3) calf-gin pie, see below ; (4) calf-shin-pie, a pie made of
:he bones and flesh of the fore legs of a calf, with leeks,
aroccoli, and other vegetables.
(i) s.Lan. Th' measthur's not satisfied wi that dur, theaw'll ha't
0-oo an lick thi cauve (S.W.). (a, 3) Lan. At W. in Lan. there
was formerly held an annual fair or wake, known as ' Calf-gin
Fair,' from a particular pie being sold there. In the parish
workhouse accts., Mar. 13, 1747, '50 calf-ginns' are entered as
bought, N. & Q. (1870) 4th S. vi. 174. (4) s.Lan. (S.W.)
3. A deer, male or female, under one year old.
w.Som.1 The hounds took after a hind with a calf by her side,
Rec. n.Dev. Staghounds.
4. A simpleton, stupid, silly person, used as a term of
ridicule.
Rxb. Ye silly ca' (JAM.). Ayr. There's yoursel just now, God
knows, an unco calf! BURNS The Calf, st. i. Wm. He was allus
a gurt cauf (B.K.). Lan. Bide here a bit— thou hawmplin' cauve,
WAUGH Chimn. Corner (1874) 152, ed. 1879. e.Lan.1, Chs.1 Lin.
STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes (1884) 320. n.Lin.1 What a cauf it
is ! Why, he's as scar'd o' a toad as I am o' a mad bull. Nhp.1,
War.3 Shr.1 Yo' great cauf, could na yo' do that bit 'u a job athout
me 'avin' to tell yo' the same thing twize o'er? Shr.2
Hence Calfish, adj. mean, shabby ; foolish.
Wm. It was a caufish trick ta strangle t'dog (B.K.).
5. Piece-work which is not done in time for the weekly
pay. Cf. calve, v.1 2.
w.Yks. Wai ev 3 big kgaf Sis wlk (J.W.). e.Lan.1
[3. To Burnside and Whitendale, overrun with good
deare ; a knubb was killed, and a calfe, ASSHETON Jrn.
(1617) in Chetham Soc. (1848) XIV. 61 ; Cervulms, a hertes
calfe, Pict. Voc. (c. 1475) in Wright's Voc. (1884) 759.]
CALF-LEG-DEEP, phr. Yks. Written cauf- w.Yks.1
[kp'f-leg-dip.] Water or snow so deep as to reach up to
the calf of the leg.
w.Yks. Calf-leg-deep and other similar phr. denoting size,
depth, &c., such as ankle-deep, shoe-top, &c., are so familiar that
they would hardly be looked upon as dialect (B.K.) ; w.Yks.1
CALFY, sb. Wil. Also written caavy Wil.1 [ka-vi.]
1. A simpleton. See Calf, 4.
Wil. SLOW Gl. (1892) ; Wil.1
2. Comp. (i) Calfy-cottrell, (2) -noodle, a simpleton.
Wil. (G.E.D.)
CALIAGH, see Cailleach.
CALIS, see Callus.
CALK, sb.1 and v.1 Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Der. Lin.
e.An. Also written cauk Sc. Nhb.1 e.An.1 Nrf.1 ; caulk
e-An.1 Nrf.; cawk Nhb.1 Cum.; cork nw.Der.1 Nrf.;
kaak S. & Ork.1 ; kalk Lin. [k§k, kak.]
1. sb. Chalk, hard calcareous earth ; any sort of limestone.
S. & Ork.1 Frf. Wi' cauk on the plainstanes to cipher an'
write, WATT Poet. Sketches (1880) 54. Ayr. And wow! he has
an unco slight O' cauk and keel, BURNS Grose's Peregrinations
(1789) st. 2 ; I daresay that auld gipsy wife is a daub baith at
cawk and keel, GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822) 1. Lin. Whoever lives
on the Chalk Wolds of Lin. knows very well that we have no such
thing as ' chalk' : it is ' calk,' Lin. N. &> Q. I. 41 ; STREATFEILD
Lin. and Danes (1884) 161. n-Lin.1 The materials are a mixture
of brick, freestone, and cauk, FOWLER Descr. Thornton Coll. i, 1824).
e.An.1 Talc and spar do not seem to be of frequent occurrence, but
of cauk, calc (at least what we call so), we have a very great
abundance. Nrf. An imperfect chalk marl, or a cork, that is.
CALK
CALL
a hard chalk, YOUNG Annals Agric. (1784-1815); Nrf.1 Suf.
RAINBIRD Agric. (,1819) 290, ed. 1849.
2. Barytes ; pieces of stone remaining uncalcined in the
middle of lumps of lime.
Nhb.1 Nhb., Dnr. The writer of this has seen cauk spar of
a dead white, FORSTER Section Strata (1821) 216. Cum. Barytes
combined with sulphuric acid. In great abundance at Aldston-
tnoor, where it is called Cawk ; as also in the neighbourhood of
Kcswick, HUTCHINSON Hist. Cum. (1794) I. App. 45. Der. Cauke,
sparr, lid-stones, MANLOVE Lead Mines (1653) 1. 265. nw.Der.1
3. Cotnp. Cauk-spar, barytes. Nhb.1
4. v. To chalk, draw with chalk.
S. & Ork.1 e.Fif. The debt had been cawkit doon against his
name on the inside o' the press lid, LATTO Tarn Bodkin (1864) xv.
Ayr. The three words clearly caukit on the roof, ' Your last freen,'
SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887) 76 ; The likeness of a ghost cawkit on
a door, GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822) xlvii.
[1. They persaivd the hillis high of calk . . . Quharthrou
this land is callit Albion, MONTGOMERIE Poems (1579), ed.
Cranstoun, 211 ; Calke or chalke, erbe, calx, creta, Prompt.
OE. (Anglian) calc, WS. cealc.]
CALK, sb.2 and v.2 Sc. Cum. War. Som. Dev. Also
written cauk, cawk_Sc. QAM. Suppl.); cork w.Som.1;
coke Cum.1 [k§k, kak. |
1. sb. The spur at the end of a scythe-blade. nw.Dev.1
See Zie.
2. The point turned down on a horse-shoe, or the iron
point fixed on it to prevent slipping.
Sc. I man gie the horse a calk the day (JAM. Suppl.). Cum l
w.Som.1 Dhu kau-urks wuz u-wae'urd [the roughing was worn
down].
3. v. To turn down the ends and the toes of horse-shoes
or to fix on iron plates or guards, to prevent a horse
slipping. See Calker, Calkin.
Sc. (JAM. Suppl.) Slk. For the chesnut meer was weel cauked,
CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) II. 177. War. (J.R.W.1 Som.
W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng. (1869). w.Som.1 Ter'ble
slipper z'mornin, I zim ; anybody do want to be a-corked, vor to
keep ther stannins. n.Dev. Take the horses to the smith and
get them caulked (F.A.A.).
Hence Calker, sb. one who makes iron heel-plates, &c.;
a country blacksmith. Dmf. QAM. Suppl.)
[2. Ratnpones, cawkes on a horse-shoo, MINSHEU (1623).]
CALKER, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Nhp. Also in forms caaker Nhb.1 Cum.1 Lan.1
n.Lan.1 ne.Lan.1 ; cacker Gall. ; caker Wm. ; ca'ker
m.Yks.1; cakker Gall.; carker e.Lan.1 ; caulker Sc.
(JAM.) ; cawker Sc. QAM.) N.Cy.1 Dur.1 n.Yks.3 w.Yks.
Lan.1 e.Lan.1 ; coaker Cum. ; coker Cum.1 m.Lan.1
[k^'kar, ka'kar.]
1. The hind part of a horse's shoe, sharpened and turned
downwards to prevent slipping. Also used fig. See
Calk, sb.3 2, Calkin.
Sc. I would swear to the curve of the cawker, SCOTT Monastery
(1820) xxxiv ; They turn down the very caulkers of their animosi-
ties and prejudices, as smiths do with horses' shoes in a white
frost, ib. Guy M. (1815) xxxix ; A smith, a smith right speedilie
To turn back the caukers of our horses' shoon, ib. Minstrelsy
(i8oa) II. 118, ed. 1848. Ayr. To Vulcan then Apollo goes To get
a frosty calker, BURNS To John Taylor. Gall. I hear the horses'
cackers ringing on the granite, CROCKETT Raiders (.1894) xiv.
Ant. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Dur.1, e.Lan.1, Nhp.1
2. The iron rim or plate on a wooden clog or shoe-heel.
Gall. The iron shod of his clog, which he would have called his
'cakker,' CROCKETT Stickit Min. (1893) 87. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Cum.
An' mended it wid a clog-coaker, ANDERSON Ballads (1808) 182 ;
As if his clogs hed been shod wid cuddy cawkers, FARRALL Betty
Wilson (1886) i ; Cum.1 Wm. My clog calker is loose (B.K.).
n.Yks. Keep thy calkers off mah feet (I.W.) ; n.Yks.3, m.Yks.1
w.Yks. WILLAN List Wds. (1811). Lan.1, ne.Lan.1, n.Lan.1. e.Lan.1,
m-Lan.1
Hence Calkered, (i) //. bound with iron like clogs;
(2) ppl. adj. iron shod, tipped with iron.
(i) Cum. They buy my Lword Wellinten's buits ; cokert, but nit
snout-bandit, ANDERSON Ballads (1808) 122, ed. 1881. Wm. Tae
hev our new clogs cakert, WHEELER Dial. (1790) 112, ed. 1821.
Lan.1 m.Lan.1 Id teks a lot o' brass to keep th' childer's clogs
coker'd. (2) Cum. Afooat or o' horseback! — Nay, nobbet afooat,
wi' cokert shun, DICKINSON Cutnbr. (1875) 146. Wm. The cloun
that rattles oor the paavement in cakered cloggs, MUTTON Bran
New Wark (1785 1.3. ne.Lan.1
CALKER, see Corker.
CALKIN, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Lin. Shr. Also
written caukin s.Chs.1 n.Lin.1; cawkin w.Yks.1 n.Lan.1
Chs.1; coaken Lan.; coakin e.Lan.1; corken Der.1; cork-
ing Shr.1 [k§ kin, ka'kin.l The hind part of a horse's
shoe sharpened and turned back to prevent slipping; the
iron rim of wooden clogs. See Calk, sb.2 2, Calker.
w.Yks.1 Lan. Knockt oth sow, with a tit coak'n, TIM BOBBIN
View Dial. (1740) 13; Lan.1, e.Lan.1, Chs.1 s.Chs.1 Kau-kin.
n.Lln. This could not be done unless the horses had ' cawkins '
on, PEACOCK/. Markenfeld (1872) 141 ; n.Lln.1 Shr.1 Kaur'-ki'n.
[Calkins, if both turned down equally, which they seldom are,
may be useful to farm horses, that are much upon the road,
STEPHENS Farm Bk. (ed. 1849) I. 329.]
Hence Calkined, pp. having the hinder part of a horse's
shoe turned up or sharpened ; of clogs, bound with iron.
Lan. My mare's feet (though she was cawkin'd with steele)
missed their hold, Life A. Martindale (1685) 180, ed. 1845. Der.1
[Ramppne, a calkin in a horses shooe to keep him from
falling, FLORIO.]
CALL, sb. Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also
written ca' QAM.) N.Cy.1; caa, caal Nhb.1; cal m.Yks.1
Dev.3 ; caw (JAM.) ; co Cum.1
L 1. A vocal signal or summons ; a whistle, pipe ; the
instrument with which a Punchman patters.
Abd. Forgi'e me, gin I be sae haul', As ape your tune ; And len'
me, for a while, your call, SHIRREFS Poems ( 1 790") 18. Nhb.1 Give
him a caa. Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888). Lon.
Porsini brought the calls into this country with him from Italy,
MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) III. 45, ed. 1861.
2. Occasion, need, necessity, esp. in phr. to have no call
to. In gen. colloq. use.
Gall. Jaikie had no call to go to the school at all, CROCKETT
Stickit Min. (1893) 45. Ir. I dunno if you've any call to be talkin"
that fashion, BARLOW Lisconnel (1895) 246. N.I.VN.Cy.1 Nhb.
Ah saw nae call to tell her, CLARE Love of Lass (1890) I. 53 ; Nhb.1
Dur. Aa heh ne call to haad my dish under thy ladle, onyway
[I am notbeholden to you for anything] (F.PA ne.Yks.1 e.Yks.1
MS. add. (T. H. ) w.Yks. Tha's no call to mell [meddle], SNOWDEN
Web of Weaver (1896) ii ; w.Yks.25 Lan. There's no call for you
to be so rude, FOTHERGILL Probation (1879) vi. Der.2, nw.Der.1
s.Not. 'Ave they any partic'lar call for poles at Basford ? PRIOR
Renie (1895) 246. n.Lin.1, sw.Lln.1, Rut.1, Lei.1, Nhp.1, War.3,
s.War.1 s.Wor. PORSON Quaint Wds. (1875) 10. s.Wor.1, se.Wor.1,
Hrf.2, n.Glo. (H.S.H.), Glo.1, Brks.1, Hnt. (T.P.F.), e.An.1,
Cmb.1, Nrf. (E.M.) Ess. Yow had no call to shelter, CLARK
J. Noakes (1839) n ; Gl. (1851). Ken.1, Sur. (T.S.C.), Sur.1
Sus. (F.E.), Hinp.1, Wil.1 Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863). w.Som.1
Kau'm naew ! dhur ed-n noa kau-1 vur noa saa'rs [come now!
there is no occasion for any sauce]. Dev. There's no call to fret
about it, PULMAN Sketches (1842) 82, ed. 1871 ; Dev.3 There's no
cal vur yu tii be wapsy, I aint zed nort til vexee. Colloq. You han't
no call to be afeer'd of me, DICKENS D. Copperfic/d (1850 xxxii.
[Aus., N.S.W. A wild country for miles . . . that few people ever
had call to ride over, BOLDREWOOD Robbery (18881 I. v.]
3. Business opening.
Nhp.1 He's gone into the baking business up the road ; there
seemed to be a good call there. Glo. Thur yent 'nuff work fur to
be ony call fur wimen-volk, BUCKMAN Darkens Sojourn (1890) vi.
4. In phr. (i) to get a call, to be invited to take charge of
a congregation ; (2) to get the call, to die ; (3) to give a call,
to call on, pay a visit; (4) to have the call, to have the right
to call upon a performer for the next song, &c. ; (5) call
in the court, see below.
(i) Sc. (A.W.) (2) Kcd. His wife, wi' his grainin' sae weary,
Was fain to have seen him awa ; . . . Hersel' was the first gat the
ca', GRANT Lays (1884) 172. (3) Rnf. A leddie sae braw Cam
doon frae the neist toon taegieus a ca', NEILSON Poems (1877) 48.
Ayr. He gied the minister a call the morning before he left,
JOHNSTON Glenbuckie (1889) 73- Wm- He niwer come near but
he gev us a co, Spec. Dial. (1880) pt. ii. 30. (4) Abd. Noo my
sang's deen ; I've the ca' to keep the pottie boilin, Guidman
Inglismaill (1873) 4°- (5~> Cum.1 The customary tenants are re-
quired to answer to their names when called in the manorial court,
and this is termed having a co' i' the court, and implies being a
yeoman or his representative.
3S2
CALL
[492]
CALL
II. 1. The movement of the surface of water when
driven by the wind. See Call, v.1 IV. 2.
Sc. The ca' o' the water is west (JAM.). Nhb.1 The contrary
phenomenon (smooth oily surface of the water) is known as a
keld on the Tyne. w.Yks.1
2. A walk for cattle, particular district.
Abd. A crowd of kettrin did their forest fill ... And in the ca',
nor cow nor ewe did spare, Ross Helenore (1768) 21, ed. 1812.
3. A leading-string, broad tape fastened to youngchildren
when they first walk. Gen. used in pi.
w.Yks. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.) ; w.Yks.2*
Hence Call- or Calling-band, sb. the guard or safety
band attached to young children.
m.Yks.1 w.Yks. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.)
4. Comp. Caa-back, a term used in the game of ' boolin '
or ' bowling ' (q.v.).
Nhb. When a player has overstepped the trig in delivering his
bool the trigger decides that the bool is a caa-back and the player
must play his throw over again (R.O.H.).
CALL, v.1 Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also
written ca' Sc. (JAM.) Bnff.1 N.Cy.1; caa Sc. JAM.) N.Cy.1
Nhb.1 ; caal Nhb.1 ; caw Sc. (JAM.) Chs.1 nw.Der.1 ; co
Cum.1 ; ka Cum.1 ; kaa S. & Ork.1
I. Gram, forms.
1. Pres. Tense: PI. (i) Cawn, (2) Coen, (3) Cone, (4)
Co'n, ;5) Kone.
(i) Lan. Whey yo cawn it sich names aw connot tell, OWEN
Good Owd Toimes (18701 14. Chs.1 I caw, they cawn. nw.Der.1
(a) Lan. That ruck o' stars they coen th' milky-way, FERGUSON
Moudywarp, 4. (3) Der.1 Old koa-n, mod. kau-n. In use in mod.
form ; and by a few old people who, as a near approach to the old
form, say kao-n. (4) Lan. That wur a chap they co'n owd Skin-
flint, WOOD Sketches, 10. (5) Lan. They kone him Jone. I ko him
Jack (J.L.); A womon ot te kone a nessasary womon, WALKER
Plebeian Pol. (1801) 22.
2. Pret. Tense : (i) Caulthe, (2) Cote.
(i) Wxf.1 (2) Wm. Tha cote this chap Tommy, JACK ROBISON
Aald Taales (1882) 16.
3. Pp. : (I) Caan, (2) Callen, (3) Cawn.
vi) Nhb.1 He's caan Bobby efter his granfether. (2) e.Yks.1
(3) Lan. We'n getten two chiller, an we'n cawn the first Joshua,
Widder Bagshaw (c. 1860) 4. Chs.23, Stf.1
II. Dial. uses.
1. Of a partridge : to utter the call-note to its mate ; to
utter a cry.
w.Som.1 Doa-n ee yuur um kau'leen ? Nif you do year the birds
cally, mind, they baint gwain to lie. [Harriers call on trail,
MAYER Sptsman's Direct. (1845) 142.]
2. To be delirious.
Glo. (W.H.C.), Glo.1, n.Glo. (H.S.H.)
3. To announce, publish ; to have cried by the public
crier.
N.Cy.1 Nhb. Had them called at Wooler Market, RICHARDSON
Borderer's Table-bk. (1846) VI. 160 ; Nhb.1 Get the bellman to
caal'd. n.Lin.1 It was call'd on three market-daays at Brigg, but
it wasn't fun. Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 544 ; Cor.1 Have it
caaled, be sure ; Cor.2 ; Cor.3 To have your wife ' called ' or
' cried ' means to give notice that you will not be answerable for
any debts she may contract.
Hence Caaler, sb. an auctioneer, crier. Nhb.1
4. To publish the banns of marriage.
Nhb. Nowt else was wantin" but the priest To call us, and te
tie the knot, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) 53 ; Nhb.1 Wm. If
thae wer nobbet coed theear, heed be like ta hev er, Spec. Dial.
(1880) pt. ii. 20.
5. To sell or hawk in a cart ; to go round begging.
Abd. I wud as seen ca' stinkin' fish, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb
(1871) xv. Per. Thepuir auld beggar bodie, ca'd The [farm-] toun
where I was born, NICOLL Poems (1843) 72.
6. To search out, to explore.
Sc. I'll caw the haill town for't or I want it (JAM. \ Kcd. [He]
laid it past just for a time Until he ca'd the toun, JAMIE Muse
(18441 47. Abd. He thought nae shame ilk hole to ca', Peat stack
and yard, COCK Strains (i8ioj I. 133.
7. In phr. (i) to call down, to proclaim by the public crier
that a husband will not be responsible for debts contracted
by his wife ; (2) — for, to call on, pay a visit; (3) — in
church, to publish the banns of marriage ; (4) — of, (a) to
summon, call to ; (b) see —for ; (c) to call for ; (5) — on,
(a) see —of (a); (b) to be in demand ; (6) — out, (7) -
over, see — in church ; (8) — over the rolls, to call up for
reprimand; (9) —to, (a) see —for; (b) to check, chide;
(I0) — together, to mend things slightly; (n) —with, see
-for; (12) — clashes, to spread malicious reports, gossip,
tattle ; (13) —ago, to remove ; (14) — a soul, to give out
notice of a death after the *service on Sunday; (15)
to be called home, to die; (16) he's a calling, he is being
called.
(i) n.Yks. (I.W.) ; n.Yks.2 (a) Sc. (A.W.) (3) n-Lin.1
sw-Lin.1 I'm not married, I've only been called in church. (4. a)
Dur. Call of the maid, she will take it away (A.B.). n-Yks.1
A woman with her child in her arms, and seeing her husband out
of the window, would say to it, ' Call ov him, honey ! call ov him ! '
ne.Yks.1 (6) Not.1 a.Not. I called of 'er on Monday, but she
wasn't at home (J.P.K.). Lei.1, War.3 (c} n Lin.1 He said I was
to call of him when I was ready. (5, «) n-Yks.1, ne.Yks.1 (A)
N.I.1 Flannen's greatly called on this weather. (6) Cor.12 (7)
Wil.1 Som. W. & J. Gl. ( 1873). w.Som.1 Dhai wuz u kyaa-ld
oa'vur u Ziin'dee tu chuurch. (8) n.Yks. (I.W.), e.Yks.1 (9, a)
Ir. (G.M.H.) Cor. Common in the West. I'm going to call to the
passon's (W.S.). (b) Ir. Call to this fellow: he is hitting me
(G.M.H. ). (10) Nhp.1 Just call the holes together. War.2,
se.Wor.1 (n) Fif. Ca' wi' Johnnie Downie To get the pownie
shod, ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 74. (12) Abd. (JAM.) (13) Lon.
When a thing's humped . . . you can only ' call a go,' MAYHEW
Land. Labour (1851) I. 236. (14) Cum. It was customary to make
the announcement of a death having occurred in the parish
immediately after service on a Sunday — the clerk gen. gave it out
whilst standing on a flat tombstone. Notices of sales, &c., were
also made at the same time (E.W.P.) ; Last Sunday fwornuin,
efter sarvice, T" th' kurk-garth, the clark caw'd his scale, ANDER-
SON Ballads (1805) 114 ; Pruzently in cums a chap wid a seal-coer
bell iv his neef, SARGISSON Joe Scoap ' 1881) 126. (15 , n-Lin.1 He
was call'd hoam on th' sixt o' November. (16) N.I.1
III. 1. To name, designate.
e.Dur.1 ' What do they call you ? ' The invariable equivalent to
' What's your name ? ' this latter form of inquiry being generally
unintelligible to children. Cum. A thousan things 'at tow niver
saw. ner I can caw, LonsdaleMag. (Feb. 1867) 311. w.Yks. (J.W.)
n.Lin.1 Sus. How do they call you? Monthly Pkt. (1874) 174.
Som. We are glad you are better, in fact well a-called (W.W.S.).
2. To abuse, call names, speak ill of; to scold. Cf. becall.
Rnf. She ca'd them up hill an' doon-brae, NEILSON Poems (.1877)
62. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Dur. I'll not be ca'ed by you (A.B.).
e.Dur.1 Cum. He cawll'd me reel nasty, LINTON Lake Cy (1864)
99 ; Cum.1 Wm. Es lang es ewer Bill grummals an coes, Spec.
Dial. (1877) pt. i. 34. n.Yks.12, ne.Yks.1 e.Yks.1 Misthress'll
call ma black and blue when she finds it oot. m.Yks.1 w.Yks.
Shoe did ca' owd Matther for sellin' t'pig (F.P.T.); w.Yks.135
Lan. Sayroh thinks that they caw hur bonnet eawt uv a feeling uv
envy, STATON B. Shuttle Bowtun, 16. s.Lan. He coed him finely.
BAMFOKD Dial. 1,1854). Chs. They didna like me and they cawed
me about in the village (E.M.G.); Chs.1, Stf.1, Der.12, nw.Der.1
Not. He did call me above a bit ^L.C.M.) ; Not.1 ; Not.3 'E used
to swear at me, an' 'e used to caw me. s.Not. 'E did call me, becos
a were that bit late (J.P.K.). n-Lin.1 No child in the Band of the
Cross must use bad language, or call any one, Crowle Advert. (Dec.
19, 1874 • sw.Lin.1 They didn't fall out, so as to call one another.
s.Lin. She stud and called him for near an hour (F.H.W.). Rut.1
Le':.1 Moi'serz, ou shai kauld' um aul da'uon ta dha gra'uond
[Moy surs, 'ow shay called 'em all down to the ground], 37.
War.2 I 'eerd 'er call the mon shameful ; War.3 Shr.1 'Er called
'im fur everythin' ; Shr.2 s.Pem. LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 419.
Glo.1, Oxf.1 Bdf. He called me all the way (J.W.B.). e.An.1,
Sus. (J.W.B.) w.Som.1 Uur kyaa-ld ur au'luur kud luyur tuung'
tiie [she abused her to the utmost of her power]. Dev. (J.W. B.)
Hence (i) Calling, vbl. sb., (2) Calls, sb.pl. a scolding,
abuse, vituperation.
(r) Cnm.1, n.Yks.12 e.Yks.1 Ah gat sike a callin as Ah nivver
had i' my life. w.Yks. (J.R.) ; w.Yks.5 Ah gav him a good
cawaling. (2) m.Yks.1 w.Yks.5 Tha'll get thee cawals, lad, when
tuh gets hoam.
3. To consider, estimate, think.
Ken.2 He is called a good workman. Som. I doan't caal he do
stan wull on his lags, RAYMOND Misterton's Mistake 1888 88.
w.Som.1 Ee du kau'l ee-z dhu vuuree bas tees soa'urt kn ae u vur
CALL
[493]
CALL
muuiree [he considers his the very bestest sort (one) can have for
money].
4. In phr. d) to call again, to contradict, also used as
sb. \ (2) — all to pieces, to abuse violently ; (3) — one out of
one's name, (a) to call by a nickname, not by one's proper
name ; (b) to abuse, vilify ; (4) — over, to find fault with,
abuse; see below; (5) — up, to consider, think, estimate ;
(6) — their dads, to call or consider their betters ; (7) —
their marras, to call or consider their equals ; (8) — one like
a piece of his own heart, to call a dear friend, to hold dear.
(i) Abd. (JAM.) Bnff.1 A cudna haud ma tung, an' a jist ga' 'im
ca'-agehn. v2) Chs.23 13, «') Com. Murrieans . . . co swine ' hogs' ;
. . that's what cuhs eh whoke co-an things oot eh ther neaams,
SARGISSON /os Scoap < 1881) 95 ; Cum.8 Div'nt sit theer twiddlin
yer silly oald thooms an coa'in fuoke oot o' their neams, n.
War.2, s.War.1, Glo.1, Sur. (T.S.C.) Sus.1 Why, he says
' 'ooman,' and I aint a-going to be called out of my name by such
a fellow as him. (b) Chs.23 (4) Ken. School children some-
times flock in a body round one child whom it is desired to
exasperate, repeating the child's name in a monotonous sing-
song. This is' calling over ' (P.M.) ; Ken.1 Sus.1 He just did call me
over, because I told him as I hadn't got naun to give him. w.Cor.
She then began abusing witness, and as she was calling her over,
witness called her over, Cor. Telegraph (June 25, 1896). (5)
Uls. So-and-so is called up to be a very smart man (M.B.-S.).
(6, 7) Wm. Ther's few ta co ther marras, an' Ther's nin ta co ther
dads! Spec. Dial. (1880) pt. ii. 51. (8) Sc. Friends that hae ca'd
ye like a piece o' their ain heart. SCOTT Antiquary (1816) xx.
IV. 1. To urge forward, drive animals or vehicles.
Sc. She whipped it, she lashed it, She ca'd it owre the brae.
CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes 1,1870) 19. S. & Ork.1 Whales often
appear on the coast in large numbers, when the fishermen put off
in their skiffs, get on the outside of the herd, and by making
a noise with their oars, throwing stones, shouting, &c., drive or
' kaa ' the timid animals before them. Or. I. An' dus u'tae the
haeflin', she sed, Dat ca'd dem tae the ' Bell,' Orcadian John Gilpin,
st. 55, in ELLIS Pronunc. (1889) V. 809. Ayr. We never thought
it wrong to ca' a prey, Ross Helenore (1768) 134, ed. 1812.
nw.Abd. Caa the dukes [ducks] awa, Goodwife (1867) st. 44.
Rxb. I winna lo'e the laddie that ca's the cart and plough, RIDDELL
Poet. Wks. (1871) I. 25. Ayr. Some ca' the pleugh, BURNS
Cotter's Sat. Night vi78s) st. 4. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.) ;
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 ' Kaa me an' aa'll kaa thee,' a common saying,
meaning ' Help me and I'll help you.' Caa the yows oot bye.
Hence (i) Called, ppl. adj. driven ; (2) Caller, sb. one
who drives horses or oxen under the yoke ; (3) Kaaing.
vbl. sb. the driving of whales ; the number of whales
in a drove; (4) Caaing-whale, sb. Delphinus deductor;
(5) Caaing whales, phr. the mode adopted for driving
a shoal of whales into shallow water.
(i) Abd. The track at last he found, Of the ca'd heership on the
mossy ground, Ross Helenore (1768) 49, ed. 1812. (a) S. & Ork.1
Or.I. The" caller goes before the beasts backward with a whip,
BARRY Hist. (1805) 447 (JAM.). (3, 4, 5) S. & Ork.1
2. To drive, impel, turn machinery, &c.
Sc. A carter passing a windmill stood up and gazed in open-
mouthed wonderment and suddenly exclaimed ' Lor', fa's ca'in the
wheel ?' Jokes ^1889) 2nd S. 112 ; The hand of him aye cawed the
shuttle, STEVENSON Catriona (1892) xv. Kcd. Ghaists wad stalk,
an' brownies frolic, Ca' the kirn an' wield the flail, GRANT Lays
1,1884) 108. Abd. There's the kirn to ca', chessels to fill, Guid-
man Inglismaill (1873) 3°- Fif. It's a wee harder than ca'in a
shuttle, ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 74. Rnf. Ca' the pump, BARR
Poems (1861) 154. Lth. She . . . gars me knit an' ca' the kirn.
M°NEILL Preston (c. 1895) 96. e.Lth. Watter-poor does fine for
ca'in machinery, HUNTER /. Inwick (1895) 84. Edb. When ca'ing
the needle upon the board, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) x. Nhb.1
Hence Calling, ppl. adj. driven by the wind, propelled.
Ayr. There was the model o' a ca'ing machine, JOHNSTON
Kilmallie (1891) I. 173.
3. To knock, hammer, drive into its place, mend ; to
overturn, knock over.
Sc. Hae ye the daurin' impidence to chairge me a shillin' for
ca'in my kettle in three bits? Jokes (1889) ist S. 82; Kill the
brute ! caa the brains out o' him ! ROY Horseman's Wd. ^1895)
xxv. ne.Sc. Ye micht hae ca'd me owre wi' a windle-strae, GRANT
Keckleton, 132. Ayr. Ev'ry naig was ca'd a shoe on. BURNS Tarn
o' Shanter (1790) st. 2. e.Lth. I never heard tell o' onybody that
had seen him ca' in a nail, HUNTER J. Inwick (1895) 74. Bwk
Ye are like the Cooper o' Fogo. ye drive aff better girds than ye
ca' on, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 88. Slk. Are they but
ca'in wi' their cuddie heels? CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856 IV.
256. Nhb.1 An engineman on a traction engine said to his under-
hand, ' Billy, caa this in, ma man,' meaning drive in a short bolt
fitting a hole in the travelling wheel to make it bite on a piece of
soft ground. n.Yks. They were callin' brigs (I.W.).
. 4. To move quickly, to submit to be driven.
Sc. That beast winna caw, for a" that I can do (JAM.) ; There
will never a nail ca' right for me, SCOTT Minstrelsy (1802) II. 119,
ed. 1848. Or.I. They in a sinlo lep like fools, Ca'd ower the
cringles an' the stools, Paety Toral(i88o) 1 118, in ELLIS Pronunc.
(1889) V. 795. Kcd. She on this lonely moor, 'tis said, Her course
does nightly ca', JAMIE Muse (1844) 61. Abd. With them aff
what we could ca', Ross Helenore (1768) 75, ed. 1812. Frf. My
father wad lead wi' a bairn, But wadna be ca'd for the de'il,
LAING Wayside Firs. (1846) 138. Ayr. When Jockey's owsen
hameward ca', BURNS Young Jockey. Kcb. A body in a hoose like
this Maun ilka day keep ca'in', ARMSTRONG Ingleside (1890) 139.
5. In phr. (i) to call about, to search for; also used as
a sb. ; (2) — at, to strike ; (3) — awa', to go on, .proceed ;
(4) — bye, to stand out of the way, come by ; (5) — canny,
to go gently, proceed cautiously ; (6) — down, (a) to drive
down; (b) to throw down; (7) —fair through, to cut
through ; (8) — in a chap, to follow up a blow ; (9) — on,
to fix, fasten ; (10) — over, to overturn, knock over; (n)
— tee, to shut to, close ; (12) — through, (a) to cut through ;
(b) to go through any business with activity and mettle ;
also used as a sb., great energy ; a disturbance, uproar ;
(13) — together, to put together, make ; (14) — up, to search
thoroughly ; also used as a sb. ; ( 15) — them all through
one ford, to treat all alike, irrespective of person or quality;
(16) — cows out of the kailyard, see below ; (17) — thecrack,
to keep the conversation going ; (18) — the hogs to the hill,
to snore; (19) - the girr, to trundle a hoop; (20) — the
nail to the head, to carry a matter through, proceed to
extremities ; (21) — sheep, to stagger in walking ; (22)
-the-shuttle, a weaver ; (23) — one's way, to go on,
proceed.
(i , Bnff.1 They caed-aboot-for't through the hail hoose. We've
hid a caan-aboot for ye a' mornin'. (2) Sc. You caa hardest at
the nail that drives fastest, KELLY Prov. < 1721) 371 ,JAM.). (3)
Rnf. I'm wantin' my bumps read, sae jist ca' awa', NEILSON Poems
(1877) 50. Ayr. Ay! ay ! doctor, noo ca' awa and haud aff ye,
SERVICE Notandums (1890^ 3. (4) Cum.1 (5) Sc. The pulpit was
so infirm from age that ... he had previously been warned by one
of the heritors to ca' canny, DICKSON Auld Min. (1892) 43. Per.
They ca' cannie for a year or sae, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush
(1895)188. Fif. 'Ca' canny, Tibby,' returned Tarn. 'Daenaething
hasty,' M°LAREN Tibbie (1894) 120. Ayr. We maun ca' canny
mony a day yet before we think of dignities, GALT/Vo»os<(i822) ii.
\hb. The new labour doctrine of ' Ca' canny ' is simply this — that
a workman who is paid at a low rate of wages shall not give his
employer the best work in return ; that he shall, in fact, ' ca'canny,'
or go easy, Newc. Even. Chron. (Oct. 2, 1896' ; ' Ca' canny' has
been very curiously adopted in a ballot-paper issued to the
dockers as an alternative to ' strike,' and is explained to mean that
the men should give a weak rather than a strong service to their
employers, Newc. Dy. Leader (Oct. 3, 1896). (6) Bnff.1 The herd
loon caed doon the nout t'the water. The maisons hae begun to
ca doon the auP hoose. (7) ib. He caed fair through the bane wee
a shave. (8) Abd. (JAM.) (9) Sc. To caw on a shoe (JAM.). (10)
Bnff.1 The han'less lassie caed our the queed [tub] an' spilt a'
the ale. (ii) Elg. Ca' tee the door, Sammy, an' snaik it, TESTER
Poems (1865^ 107. Nhb.1 Caa-tee the yett. vla, »'i Bnff.1 (6)
Sc. There was siccan a ca' thro' as the like was never seen,
SCOTT Antiquary (1816) xxiv. Bnff.1 He's a servan' it hiz a ca-
through we's wark. Lnk. (JAM.) 13) Abd. Get your teels an'
ca' a bit fraime thegidder, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xvii ;
Indeed it's naj ill ca'd thegither, BEATTIES Parings 1801 1 18.
(13, a) Bnff.1 (14) Bnff.1 He caed up the hail hoose, bit he cudna
get it. (15) Nhb. Ca' them a' through yen ford (R.O.H.). (16)
Sc. He has nae the sense to ca' the cows out o' a kailyard i JAM.) ;
He abused his horse for an auld doited, stumbling brute, no worth
ca'ing out of a kail -yard, Petticoat Tales (1823) I. 226; 'I wadna caw
him out o' my kale-yard,' spoken of a very insignificant person, of
whom no account is made (JAM.\ (17) Ayr. To ca' the crack and
weave our stockin, BURNS Ep. J. Lapraik Apr 1. 1785") st 2 ; We
ca'd the crack, him and me, till twa o'clock this mornin', SERVICE
CALL
[494]
CALLER
Notandums (1890) 116. Gall. Sometimes the ploughmen . . .
came to 'ca' the crack," CROCKETT Sunbomwt (1895^ ix. (18)
Abd. 'He's cawin' his hogs to the hill,' said of one who by his
snoring indicates that he is fast asleep (JAM. X (19 Ayr. I was
a happy wee callan ca'ing the girr on the street, SERVICE Dr.
Duguid (1887) 185. Lnk. I rin awa, Tae ither climes my girr to
ca', THOMSON Musings (i8Si) 188. Lth. I ca'd my girr frae break
o' day, SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 34. (ao) Abd. And though 'tis
true and true it is, I grant, To marry you that Lindy made a vaunt,
. . . But to the head the nail ye maunna ca', Ross Helenore (1768)
93, ed. 1812. e.Lth. Mak up your mind til't, ... ca' the nail to the
heid, HUNTER J. Inwick (1895) 67. (ai) Fif. Borrowed from the
necessity of following a flock of sheep from side to side, when
they are driven on a road (JAM.). (22) Sc. A puir ca'-the-shuttle
body, SCOTT Rob Roy (1817) xxvi. (23) Abd. Ca' your wa", The
door's wide open, na sneck ye hae to draw, Ross Helenore 1,1768)
83, ed. 1812.
[IV. 1. The qwhipe he tuk, syne furth the mar can call,
Wallace (1488) vi. 457. 3. In every place sevin ply thai
well and call, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, in. 182.]
CALL, v? Sc. Yks. Written ca' Bnff.1 ; cal w. Yks.3 ;
coll w. Yks.1 ; kail w. Yks. ; kal w. Yks.5 [ka, kal.]
1. To tattle, gossip, spread reports ; to run about idly.
Gen. with about.
Bnff.1 A heard something o't ; bit I sanna ca-aboot the story.
Yks. Where's th' wife, lad ? — She's callin a bit, hearing the tale, and
telling the tale (M.N. ). ne.Yks.1 Sha's nobbut a plain 'un ; sha's
awlus callin' aboot. e.Yks. Yow've been callin' about somewhere
(S.O.A.). m.Yks.1 w.Yks. Onny on ye 'at comes an kals wi'
me, Yks. Wkly. Post (Nov. 28. 1896) ; Wimmin sat calin' wi' ther
elbows a ther knees t'day throo, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla
Ann. (1872) 31 ; w.Yks.1 They're seea keen o' collin an raukin
about, ii. 340; w.Yks.5
Hence (i) Cal, sb. (a) a gossip, idler; (b) talk, gossip;
(2) Caller, sb. a gossip, idler ; (3) Call-noil, sb. a place
for gossip ; (4) Calling, (a) vbl. sb. gossip, scandal, idling ;
(b) ppl. adj. gossiping, idling ; (5) Calling-hoil, (6) -shop,
see Call-boil.
(1,0) w.Yks. Yks. N. & Q. (1888) II. 109. (b) m.Yks.1 w.Yks.
They who stand gossiping are having a little ' cal ' or ' kal,' chit-chat .
HAMILTON Nugae Lit. (1841) 352. (a) w.Yks. When I began to
watch at first I wor determined to hev no kallers, Bradford Life,
46; w.Yks.5 (3) w.Yks. (S.P.U.); w.Yks.3 (4, a) n.Yks. A
houtlandish hignorant place where talkin scandal is ' kailin,'
FETHERSTON Smuggins' Fam. 3. w.Yks.3 (b) w.Yks. A calin
wumman uses but little threed, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann.
(1847)51. (5) w.Yks.3 (6) w.Yks. It's nowtna better than a calin-
shop, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1868) 40.
2. To crouch, cower.
w.Yks.3 He cals ower t'fire o' t'day.
[1. Cp. Du. kallen, to chat, prattle; kal, babbling or
prating (HEXHAM); MDu. kallen, to prattle (VERDAM) ;
MHG. kallen, 'schwatzen' (LEXER).]
CALL, see Caal.
CALLA, see Callow, sb.1.
CALLACK, sb. Sc. [ka'bk.] A young girl. Inv.
(H.E.F.)
[Gael, caileag, a little girl, a lassie (MACLEOD & DEWAR);
dim. of caile, a girl (MACBAIN).]
CALLAG, so. I. Ma. The pollack, whiting-pollack,
Merlangus pollachius.
I. Ma. A string of callag or blockin, BROWNE Doctor (1887) 68 ;
Pron. always 'callag' in the south, and 'killick' in the north of the
island. Very commonly used at Castletown i,T.E.B.).
[Manx kelleig, pollack (KELLY).]
CALLAN(T, sb. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. (?) Also
in form calland Sc. (JAM.) Nhb.1 (kal3n(t, ka'land.]
1. A boy, lad, young man, stripling. Also used as a
term of affection to older persons.
Sc. My mother sent me, that was a hafflin callant, SCOTT Guy M.
(1815) xi. Elg. Set to wark yer blue-coat callans, TESTER Poems
(1865) 166. Abd. He was aye a straucht-oot-the-gate callant,
ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xxiii. Kcd. Within their cleanly
kitchen Rocked a cradle sure enough, Owre an heir, a comely
callant, GRANT Lays (1884) 67. Fif. Hinds, plowmen, lairds, and
cottar callans, TENNANT Papistry (1827) 71. Rnf. O gin I saw but
my bonny Scot's callan, TANNAHILL Poems (1807) 144, ed. 1817.
Ayr. In days when mankind were but callans, BURNS To
[kae-lsnd3(r).] The top
Agric. (1863) ; Still used
Written
W. Simpson (1785) st 20. Lnk. I'm but a callan, RAMSAY Gentle
Shep. (1725) 13, ed. 1783. e.Lth. Whan I was a callant I ne'er
saw flour breid in my faither's hoose, HUNTER /. Inwick (1895)
146. Edb. Grandfaither died when I was a growing callant, MOIR
Mansie Wauch (1828) i. Bwk. He was sure now that the callant
was his own son, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 86. Gall. Fine
I mind o't, though I was but a callant, CROCKETT Stickit Min. (1893
103. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.); N.Cy.1 Nhb. Nyen but
varry cliver callants Could larnin's lether moont se hee, WILSON
Pitman's Pay (1843) 57 ; Nhb.1 Collier callants, so clever, Collier's
Pay Week (1801). e.Dur.1 Cum. Sin' lal toddlin' callans were
we, ANDERSON Ballads (1808) 90. w.Yks. WILLAN List Wds.
(1811). Lan. Nor a callant to tak' him by t'horns and say Boh !
ROBY Trad. (1872) II. 213.
2. A girl.
Wgt. Found only in the w. of Gall. (JAM.) ; e.Dur.1
[Cp. Bremen dial, kalant, a customer ( Wtbch.) ; LG.
(Saxony) caland, customer, friend (BERGHAUS) ; EFris.
kalant, Riant (KOOLMAN) ; Fr. (Picard) calland, a customer
unto a shop (CoxGR.) ; Fr. chaland (chalant), a customer
(ib.) ; OFr. chalant (HATZFELD).]
CALLARDS, sb. pi. Hmp. I.W. [karUdz.] Cabbage,
the leaves and shoots of cabbage.
Hmp. (W.M.E.F.) ; Hmp.1 I.W.1 ; I.W.2 I do like a bit of
bwoyled ham wi' zum callards.
CALLAS, see Callus.
CALLENDER, sb. Suf. Ess.
soil from a clay or gravel pit.
Suf. (F.H.) Ess. MORTON Cyclo.
(H.H.M.).
CALLENGE, sb. and v. Glo. I.W. Dor. Som.
kallenge I.W.1 Glo.2 [kas'ling.]
1. sb. A challenge.
I.W.' Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
2. v. To challenge.
Glo.12 Dor. A.C.) ; (W.C. ) Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
[1. Calenge or provokyng to do armes, chalenge, PALSGR.
(I53°J > Thou hast ybroujt ous out of cry Of calenge of
the fende, SHOREHAM (c. 1315) 131 (MATZNER). 2. pi derne
dea¥ o rode . . . calenges al mi heorte, Horn. (c. 1175), ed.
Morris, I. 275. AFr. calenge, accusation, challenge (LA
CURNE) ; calenger, to challenge (Moisv).]
CALLER, sb. Nhb. Dur. Written caaler Nhb.1
[ka'lar.] An official at a colliery, whose duty it is to go
round from house to house to call up the men for work.
Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. The 'caller' dizn t call te-morn, WILSON
Pitman's Pay (1843) 14 ; In former times he [the caller] used to
knock at each door and tell the inmate to ' waken up and go to
work, in the name of God ! ' GREEN-WELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
e.Dur.1
CALLER, adj. and v. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks.
Also written callar Cum. ; callour, cauler Sc. (JAM.) ;
cawler Abd. Lnk. [ka'lar.]
1. adj. Of fish, vegetables, &c. : fresh, in proper season,
newly caught or gathered.
Sc. There's fish, nae doubt,— that's sea-trout and caller haddocks,
SCOTT Antiquary (1816) ii ; Cauler nowt-feet in a plate, RAMSAY
Tea-Table Misc. (1724) I. 86, ed. 1871. Frf. ELLIS Pronunc. (1889,
V. 755. Edb. Nothing had we but the cauler new-laid eggs, MOIR
Mansie Wauch (1828) viii. Lth. Haddies caller at last carting,
MACNEILL Poet. Wks. (1856) 171. Slk. Dinna fash wi' eisters the
nicht — for this has been a stormy day and they're no caller, CHR.
NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) III. 246. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.) ;
Callar ripe grosiers, GROSE (1790); N.Cy.1 Nhb. (J.Ar.); Nhb.1
Very familiar in the street cry, ' Here's yor caller harrin.' e.Dur.1
n.Yks. (I.W. ) ; n-Yks.1
2. Of air or water : cool, fresh, refreshing.
Sc. I do better with caller air, STEVENSON Catriona (1892) xii ;
I think the air is callerer and fresher there than onywhere else in
the country, SCOTT Redg. (1824) Lett. xi. Abd. Fine clear caller
water, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) ii. Kcd. O for a waught o'
caller ale, BURNESS Thrummy Cap(c. 1796) 1. 192. Frf. A chimney-
stack that rose high into our caller air, BARRIE M. Ogilvie (18961
ai. Per. The caller air o' the hills, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush
1,1895) 150. Rnf. We micht breathe the caller air, YOUNG Pictures
(1865) 157. Ayr. I walked forth to view the corn, An' snuff the
caller air, BURNS Holy Fair (1785) st. i. Lnk. How halesome is't
to snuff the cawler air, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725) 20, ed. 1783.
CALLER
[495]
CALLOW
e.Lth. Let me bide amang kent faces, an' breathe caller air ! HUNTER
J. Inwick (1895) 149. Dmf. Parch'd up wi' heat nae caller streams
To weet their hasses, MAYNE Siller Gun (1808) 32. Gall. The air
was still caller, but the sun had already taken the chill off, CROCKETT
Raiders (1894) xii. Kcb. The gouk sits mute . . . waiting the caller
tide, DAVIDSON Seasons (i-jSg) 62. N.Cy.1 Nhb. Praise steem-
boat trips an' caller air, Tyneside Sngs. ^ed. 1891) 409. Nhb.1 It's
a fine caller mornin'. Dur.1 Cum. Thur callar blasts may wear
the boilen sweat, RELPH Poems 1,1743) 3; Gl. (1851). w.Yks.
WILLAN List Wds. (1811).
3. In phr. (i) as caller as a kail-blade, as refreshing and
cool as possible ; (2) as caller as a trout, used of persons :
in good health, rosy, plump.
(i) Sc. The dew, and the night-wind, they are just like a caller
kail-blade laid on my brow, SCOTT Midlothian (1818) xvii ; GROSE
(1790) MS. add. (C.) (2) Abd. She's just as cawler as a trout,
Tho' five an' fifty, BEATTIES Parings , 1801) 3 ; Forwell she throove
and halesome was and fair, As clear and calour as a water trout,
Ross Helenore ^1768) n, ed. 1812.
4. v. To freshen, cool, refresh.
Sc. A night amang the heather wad caller our bloods, SCOTT
Rob Roy (1817) 313. Gall. (A.W.)
[1. In be kirkjard jestrewen wes lad ane ethiope, & jet
his flesche is caloure Inucht & als fres, Leg. Saints
(c. 1400), ed. Metcalfe, II. 302. 2. The callour air,
DOUGLAS Eneados (1513) in. 77.]
CALLER, see Callow.
CALLET, sb.1 and v. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Written
callit n.Yks.2 e.Yks.1 m.Yks.1 [ka'lat, ka-lit]
1. sb. A prostitute, trull ; a drab, dirty woman.
Sc. Thou foolish callet, art thou confederate with this vagabond ?
SCOTT Monastery (1820) xxv. Ayr. My wallet, my bottle, and my
callet, BURNS Jolly Beggars (1785) st. 6; Here's our ragged brats
and callets, ib. st. 62. w.Yks.1, Lan.1, ne.Lan.1
2. A scold, virago, constant fault-finder ; a quarrelsome
person.
N.Cy.1 n-Yks.1 A stormy, or at least loud, use of the tongue is
the leading idea in the word ; and unchastity not thought of in nine
eases out of ten when the word is applied ; n.Yks.z e.Yks.
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) ; e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks. HUTTON
Tour to Caves (1781). ne.Lan.1
3. v. To scold, rail, wrangle, grumble.
N.Cy.1 2, Nhb.1 n-Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 They snap an' callit like a couple
o' cur-dogs. e.Yks. Those women were calliting (H.E.W.) ;
e.Yks.1
Hence (i) Calleting, ppl. adj., (2) Callety, adj. scolding,
quarrelsome, ill-tempered ; (3) Calleting-bout, sb. a wordy
quarrel, mutual recrimination.
(i) n.Cy. A calleting housewife (K.) ; N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, n.Yks.1
2) n.Yks.12 e.Yks. NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) ; e.Yks.1 A callity
awd deeam. (3) n.Yks.2, e.Yks.1
4. v. To gossip, talk.
n.&e.Yks. (R.H.H.), ne.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks. (T.T.) ; Ah
can get on wi' my work an' callet at t'saam time (F.P.T.).
Hence (i) Calleter, sb. a gossip; (2) Calleting, ppl.
adj. pert, saucy, gossiping.
(i; w.Yks. Eh ! ah didn't think ye'd 'a' said ah wur a calleter
(F.P.T.). (2) w.Yks.1 Lite tetchy, calletin monkey, ii. 287. ne.Lan.1
[1. Paillarde, a strumpet, callet, COTGR. ; A beggar in
his drink could not have laid such terms upon his callat,
SHAKS. Oth. iv. ii. 121. 2. A callat Of boundless tongue,
who late hath beat her husband And now baits me, SHAKS.
(Vint. T. n. iii. 90 ; I rampe, I play the callet, je ramponne,
PALSGR. (1530). 3. To callet, to scold, BAILEY (1721).]
CALLET, sb.2 Rxb. QAM.) The head.
CALLET, see Callot.
CALL HOME, vbl. phr. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor.
1. To remember, recollect, call to mind ; to remember
a person's name.
w.Som.1 Dev. I can't, jist thease minit, cal-t-home when 'e died,
HEWETT Peas. Sp. ( 1892) ; I know your face quite well, but I can't
call'ee home, Reports Provinc. (1887)4. nw.Dev.1 Cor. I shouldn't
a knaw'd 'ee for a minit. Caan't caal "ee home, PASMORE Stories,
4. w.Cor. I caant call home when he left (M.A.C.).
2. To publish the banns of matrimony, gen. for the
third time.
Wil. SLOW Gl. (1892) ; Wil.1 They tells I as 'ow Bet Stingymir
is gwain to be caal'd whoam to Jim Spritely on Zundy. Dor. You
was not called home this morning, HARDY Tess (1891 > 267, ed.
1895; (W.C.); BARNES Gl. (1863;. Som. W. & J. Gl. 11873).
w.Som.1 To publish the banns for the third time. Ded-n noa' dhai
wuz gwaa-yn tu bee maa reed ! wai% dhai wuz u-kyaa-ld oa'm laas
Zun'dee.
Hence Calling-home, vbl. sb. the publication of the
banns.
Dor. The edge of the performance is taken off at the calling home,
HARDY Greenwd. Tree (1872) II. 181.
CALLIAGH, see Cailleach.
CALLIARD, sb. Yks. Lan. Der. Written callierd
Lan.1 ne.Lan.1; calliatt n.Yks.3 [ka'liad, ka'ljad.] A
hard blue siliceous stone ; a bed of the lower coal. Also
used attrib. See Calyon.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). n.Yks.3 w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Caves
(1781 ; Geol. Sun. Vert. Sect. , Sheet 43 ; It wasabigblewcalliard
stone (F.P.T.). Yks., Der. WOODWARD Geol. Eng. and Wales
(1876) 77. Lan.1, ne.Lan.1
[Der. fr. the stem of Fr. caillou (a flint stone), w. suff.
-ard. Cp. Fr. dial, chail, Lat. calculus (HATZFELD).]
CALLIATT, see Calliard.
CALLIEVER, see Caleever.
CALLIFUDGE, v. and sb. Yks. In form callifugle
w.Yks.3 [ka-lifudz.]
1. v. To cheat, deceive; to cajole, flatter, 'soft soap."
Cf. fugle.
w.Yks. (S.P.U.) : Thah can't calli-fugle me, does ta see 1 (B.K.) ;
Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Feb. 9, 1884) 8 ; What are you califudging at ?
(J.R.) ; w.Yks.3
2. sb. Nonsense, humbug, ' fudge.'
w.Yks. Ther's a gooid deeal o' califudge i' th' world, HARTLEY
Budget (1870) 122 ; (B.K.); That tale's nowt but cali-fudge, Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Feb. 6, 1892).
CALLIMANCO, CALLIMANKY, see Calamanco.
CALLING-COURSE, sb. Nhb. Dur. Written caalin-
course Nhb.1 The time at which the men are called to
go to work by the ' caller' (q.v.).
Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. 'There's then necallin" course te keep.' Note.
Should it happen that there is no caller, then one of the family has
this charge, and is said to have ' the callin' course te keep,' WILSON
Pitman's Pay (1843) 45 ; GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849). e.Dur.1
CALLIS, sb.1 Obs. Sur. Also written callus. A
lean-to, shed, mostly used as a vegetable cellar.
Sur. Trans. Philol. Soc. (1854) 83.
CALUS, sb.1 Lin. Nhp. Wil. Written callice Nhp.2 ;
callus Wil.1 [ka-lis, Wil. kae-las.]
1. Sand of a large grit. Nhp.2
2. Comp. (i) Callis-sand, white scouring sand ; (a)
•stone, a species of gritty earth spread on a board and
used to sharpen knives.
(i) n.Lin.1 (2) Wil.1, n.Wil. (W.C.P.)
[1. The same as Callis, Callice, i6th cent, forms of the
name Calais, noted for its sands. 2. We dry a writing
with blotting-paper, or calis-sand out of a sand-box,
HOOLE Comenius (1659), ed. 1777, 116 (N.E.D.).]
CALLISES, sb. pi. Lin. Also written calasses GROSE.
The name given to certain alms-houses at Stamford.
Lin. The wool staple of Calais was of great importance in Stam-
ford, and is the origin of the curious local name of' Callises" for
' alms-houses,' these having been freely built for decayed members
of the Staple, Lin. N. & Q. (April 1891) 68, Suppl. ; Lin.1 [GROSE
(1790).]
[The pi. of Callis, i.e. Calais, see above.]
CALLOCK, see Cadlock.
CALLOT, sb. Sc. Also written callet. [ka'lat] A
woman's ' mutch ' or cap, without a border.
Sc. In gauze or gowden callot, DONALD Poems (1867) 177. Ags.
(JAM.). Frf. Auld warlocks . . . tore the witches' callets, BEATTIE
Arnha (c. 1820) 49.
[Calot, a cap without hair, worn under a hat, BLOUNT
(1681). Fr. calotte, a coife, or half kerchief for a woman,
also, a little light cap, or night-cap, worn under a hat
(COTGR.).]
CALLOUR, see Caller.
CALLOUSE, see Callus.
CALLOW, adj. Bdf. Brks. Ken. Sus. Wil. Also
written caller Brks.1 [kavla.]
CALLOW
[496]
CALOO
1. Of land : bare, with little covering. Of underwood :
thin, scanty. Cf. callow, sb.'
Brks. l To ; lie caller ' is to lie bare or without crop. Ken. (P. M. ;
Ken.1 Also used of underwood thin on the ground. 'Tis middlin'
rough in them springs, but you'll find it as callow more, in the
high wood. Sus.1 The woods are said to be getting callow when
they are just beginning to bud out ; Sus.2
2. In phr. toliecallow. Of persons: to lie in a cold, exposed
manner, with few clothes and the curtains undrawn. Ken.2
3. Pale, wan.
Bdf. Of a person in bad health : ' Why, how caller you look ! '
Also applied to a slack-baked loaf, to cheese and butter of an
unusually light colour, and occasionally to a faded flower (J.W.B.).
4. Comp. Callow-wablin, an unfledged bird.
Wil. BRITTON Beauties (1825) ; Wil.1
[The same as ME. and OE. calu, bald : G. kahl.]
CALLOW, sb.1 Ken. e.An. Also written calla, caller
Nrf.1 Suf.1 [kaels.] The stratum of soil covering the
subsoil ; the surface of the land removed to dig for
stones, &c. See Callow, adj. 1.
Ken. (P.M.I, e.An.1, Nrf.1 Nrf., Suf. MORTON Cyclo. Agric.
(1863). Suf. RAINBIRD^MC. (1819)289, ed. 1849; (F.H.) ; Suf.1
Hence Callow frost, phr. a surface frost. Ken. (P.M.)
[Cp. MDu. caluwe, baldness, also, the bare ground,
surface layer or soil (VERDAM).]
CALLOW, sb? Irel. A marshy or low-lying meadow
by the banks of a river; a landing-place for boats.
Ir. A'. & Q. 8th S. (,1897) xi. 466.
[Ir. cala(dh, a marshy meadow, JOYCE Ir. Names 6-»
Places, Ser. I. 448.]
CALLOW, v. Sh.I. Also written kallow HAM.)
S. & Ork.1 To calve, bring forth a calf. S. & Ork.1
Hence Kallowed. ppl. adj. calved.
Sh.I. (JAM.) S. & Ork.1 A new-kallow'd cow.
CALLUS, sb., adj. and v. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks.
Der. Lin. War. Won Glo. Oxf. Suf. Sur. Wil. Som. Dev.
Cor. Also written calis Glo.1 Oxf.1; callas Cum.1;
callis e.Yks.1 w.Yks.3 n.Lin.1 Wil.1 ; callouse Sc. n.Yks.2
Glo.1 Der.2 nw.Der.1 ; kallus Nhb.1 [ka'las, kae'las.]
1. sb. A hard permanent swelling, tumour, corn.
Sur.1 Dev.3 I got a callus 'pon my little toe. Cor.1 s v. Cab •
Cor.3
2. The top soil removed to get at gravel, &c.
Snf. We fared a long time gettin' this load o' gravel, but it was
covered with callous (C.G.B.).
3. adj. Hardened, horny.
Dev.3 His hands be so callus yu mid knaw he work'th hard.
They ropes made my hands callus wi' haling um.
4. v. Of a gathering, &c. : to grow hard. Of a broken
bone : to begin to heal, to enlarge.
w.Yks.3, Der.2, nw.Der.1
5. Of cuttings of plants, &c. : to skin over, heal, coat over.
War.3 The cuttings . . . should be put in a frame . . . until they
have ' callused,' HOLE Roses (ed. 1896) 281. ne.Wor. (I W P
Glo. (S.S.B.)
6. Of soil : to harden, coagulate into a mass, 'cake.'
Ant. When the road callouses down (W.H.P.Y e.Yks.1. n.Lin.'
n.Wil. (W.C.P.), Wil.1
Hence Callused, ppl. adj. (i) Of soil : hardened, caked
by frost, &c. ; (2) fig. hard-hearted, indifferent ; (3) hard
to the touch, horny ; (4) stopped up with hard pieces.
(i) s-Wor.1, Glo. (J.S.F.S.), Glo.1, Som. (F.A.A.) (2) Ayr.
Seeing that she was sae calloused, I thocht better o't mysel',
SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887) 100. (3) Nhb.1 A hard lump in the
flesh is called a ranched or kallust place. Cum.' n.Yks.2 A sair
callous'd hand. (4) Oxf.1 Our chimbley smoked cause the chimbley-
pot wus reglar calised up wi' sut, MS. add.
[1. Callus (Lat.), a kind of hard flesh, PHILLIPS (1706).!
CALLUS, see Callis.
CALLY, sb. Lan. [ka'li.] Plain cotton cloth, calico.
e.Lan.1 s.Lan. I have not woven a dozen yards of cally all dav
(S.W.) ; Still used fF.E.T.;.
[Shortened fr. calico.]
CALLYVAN, sb.1 Som. Also in forms carryvan,
clevant, clivan, acclivan, vant. A pyramidal wicker
trap, about eighteen to twenty ins. in diameter and nine
ins. in depth, used to catch birds.
Som. JENNINGS OAs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873; ;
You be got into a trap. You be like a wren in an acclivan
[should be written ' aclivan,' which is a contraction for ' callyvan '
(F.T.E. '.], RAYMOND Misterton's Mistake (1888) 296. e.Som. The
bottom is flat and close woven— the top depressed to a hole at
about two inches from the bottom. This is the entrance for the
birds. It is usually baited with crumbs or corn. A common word
in e.Som., but not so used in w.Som. (F.T.E.)
CALLYVAN, sb.2 Yks. Laji. Som. Written callivan
e.Lan.1; kallivan Lan. Caravan, a house on wheels,
used by gypsy hawkers or in wild-beast shows ; any very
large carnage.
Yks. (J.W.j Lan. There'll be a callyvan here in a bit, WAUGH
Jannock ',1874) ix ; Till some spekilative mortal geet a lot o' kalli-
vans, STATON B. Shuttle Bowtun, 4. e.Lan.1 w.Som.1 Kaa'leevan.
CALM, sb.1 Lin. e.An. Also written kalm Suf.1 ;
cam Lin.1 ; karn- Nrf.1 Suf.1 ; karma e.An.1 [kam.]
1. The concreted scum of bottled liquors ; a fungoid
growth on jam, vinegar, &c. Also called Mother (q.v.).
Cf. cain, v.
e.An.1. Nrf.1 Suf. Never used of the scum in a boiling pot
F.H.).
Hence Calmy, adj. having a thickish scum on the top,
' mothery.'
e-An.1, Nrf.' Suf. (F.H.) : Suf.1
2. Matter, corruption.
Lin. STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes (1884) 320 ; Lin.1
[Cp. LG. kaam, the fungoid growth on the surface of
wine, beer, vinegar, jam (BERGHAUS) ; G. kahm.]
CALM, sb* Sc. Irel. Nhb. Also written cam Nhb.1;
caulm, caum Sc. (JAM.) ; kaam S. & Ork.1 ; kam N.I.1
[kam, Ir. also kam. j
1. A mould, frame, esp. a mould in which bullets are
cast. Gen. used in pi.
Sc. Caum is sometimes used in the sing., but more rarely. Any-
thing neat is said to look as if it had been ' casten in a caum '
(JAM.) ; FLKBIING Fulfilling Scripture (1726). S. & Ork.1 Abd.
As protty speens as ever Young turn't oot o' 's caums, ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb (1871) xl. N.I.1, Nhb.1
2. Fig. In phr. in the calms, in course of framing, of
construction.
Sc. The matter of peace is now in the caulms, BAILLIE Lett.
(1775) II. 197 (JAM.).
3. A small iron pan or melting-pot used for melting
grease, resin, &c.
Ir. Squeezing a large lump of hog's lard, placed in a grisset, or
kam, on the hearth, CARLETON Traits Peas. (1843) I. 156. N.I.1
Uls. Making money as if he had a cam on the fire [a local para-
phrase for 'coining'], Chambers Jrn. (1856) V. 139; Formerly in
use for holding grease, in which rushes were dipped to make rush-
lights, Ulster Jrn. Arch. (1853-1862). s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890).
CALM, adj. Sc. Yks. Also written caulm Sc. (JAM.)
1. Smooth, even.
Sc. Calm ice is ice that has no inequalities (JAM.).
2. Mild, in contradistinction to frosty or sharp. Cf.
caumy.
n.Yks. It's a calm daay (R.H.H.; ; Fairly common (M.C.F.M.) ;
n.Yks.1 • Ah thinks it's a bit caumer' ; spoken on a perfectly, still
day, when a thaw appeared to be commencing after the con-
tinuance of a storm, or fit of severe weather, with snow, lasting
ten or fifteen days.
CALM, see Cam, sb.2
CALMES, see Caulms.
CALMS, sb. pi. Obs. Mon. The cogs in the axis of
a wheel.
Mon. A spoke of wood, which is drawn back a good way by the
calms or cogs in the axis of the wheel, RAY (1691) 16. [(K.)]
[Cp. EFris. kam (kamm),cog of a mill-wheel (KOOLMAN),
G. kamm, cog. The same word as E. comb.]
CALOO, sb. Sh. & Or.I. Nrf. Also written calaw
Sh. & Or.I. (JAM.)
1. The pintail duck, Dafila acuta. Also called Coal-arid-
Candle-light (q.v.).
S. & Ork.1 Or.I. The pintail duck, which has here got the name
of the caloo or coal and candle light, from the sound it utters,
BARRY Hist. Or. I. (1825) 301 (JAM.X Nrf. COZENS-HARDY llraad
Nrf. (1893) 51.
CALOURIE
[497]
CAM
2. The long-tailed duck, Harelda glacialis.
Sh. & Or.I. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 161 ; It is known as'calloo,'
which is there supposed to represent its song, SMITH Birds
118871 492.
CALOURIE, sb. Sc. Cockweed, Lychnis Githago.
Rnf. Kaluuri, ELLIS Pronunc. (1889) V. 747.
CALSEY, see Causey.
CALSHES, sb. Sc. Part of a boy's dress, consisting of a
slip-dress buttoned behind and forming jacket and trou-
sers for young boys, and vest and trousers for older ones.
Sc. For bien fo'ks callans maun be braw Wi' calshes an' a jacket,
WATSON Chryston Fair, St. 3 (JAM. 5«/>/>/.\
[Cp. OFr. cauces, 'brayes, culottes, chaussures, bas'
(ROQUEFORT) ; Fr. chausses, drawers.]
CALSHIE, adj. Sc. In form calshich Bnff. Crabbed,
ill-humoured, rude.
Sc. Gin she but bring a wee bit tocher And calshie fortune
deign to snocher, MORISON Poems (1790) 82 (JAM.). Bnff. He's a
gey calshich lad (W.C.).
CALUM, see Culm.
CALUMNIE, v. Obs. Sc. To calumniate.
Fif. Dan Vicar, wi' his ban, Did blast and calumnie the man,
TENNANT Papistry (1827) 68.
[Fr. calomnier, to calumniate (COTGR.).]
CALUTED, ppl. adj. Bdf. Idiotic, stupid, dull of
comprehension. (J.W.B.)
CALVARY, CALVATRY, see Cavaldry.
CALVE, i/.1 Yks. Chs._WonGlo. Also written cawve
Chs.1 ; cauve w.Yks. [k9v, kav.]
1. In phr. to have a cow calve, to be left a legacy.
Wor. What makes Thomas so free in treating? — Why, his uncle's
cow's calved (W.B.). s-Wor.1 His last cow has calved now, I
expect. Glo. (A.B.); (S.S.B.)
2. To fail to accomplish a piece of work in time for the
week's payment. Cf. calf, 5.
w.Yks. (J.T.) ; He's cauved a set of cops this week, an' addles
little (W.A.S.). Chs.1
CALVE, v .2 and sb. Yks. Not. Lin. Rut. Lei. Nhp. War.
Wor. e.An. Sus. Colon. Also written carve Rut.* ; cauf
Lin. ; cauve m.Yks.1 Not.1 n.Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 Lei.1 ; cave
War.3 Wor. Shr.1 e.An.1 Nrf.1 Suf.1 ; cove e.Yks.1 ; keeve
Suf. [kav, kpv.]
1. v. Of earth or soil : to give way at the edge, to fall
into a hollow, slip or fall down. Gen. with in.
n.Yks. (I.W.), e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1, Not.1 n.Lin. Cuttin's and
tunnils cauvin' in upo' foaks, PEACOCK Tales (1890 96 ; We always
say ' calved in,' not ' caved in,' N. & Q. (1873) 4th S. xii. 275.
n.Lin.1 sw.Lin.1 It cauves in as fast as I can throw it out. Rut.1
The well ca'ved-in, and all the town was in an uproar. Lei.1 If
the wull sog had cauved in upon im a'd nivver a got aout aloive.
Nhp.1, War.3, Wor. (J.W.P.) Shr.1 Two men wun buried alive
in sinkin' a well at Le Bot'ood las' wik ; it caved in on 'em six
yards dip. e.An.1 Nrf. Come yaw away from that there pit ;
mayhap that may cave in, and yaw may git a mischief (W.R.E.).
Nrf.1, Suf.1 Sus. Very common, N. & Q. (1873) 4th S. xii. 275.
[Can. He was always going to dig a well; ... he did start one,
but it caved in before he came to water, ROPER Track and Trail
(1891) vi. Aus. The ' hanging-wall ' caved in, and showed us the
true reef again, VOGAN Blk. Police (1890) vii.]
2. To crack in clods, as soil does in dry weather.
Midi. TOONE Diet. (1834). N&P- BROCKKTT Gl.
3. sb. A fall of earth, a landslip, a bulging or falling in
of a wall, &c.
Lin. Some ' bankers ' were engaged in widening a drain.
Suddenly three of them jumped out of the cutting, shouting out,
' Tak heed, lads, there's a cawlf a comin',' N. ET Q. (1873) 4th S.
xii. 275; Common (A.A.) ; MILLER & SKERTCHLY Fenland (1878)
127. Rut.1 They'm had a big carve-in, I soopoase, by that grave
that they're digging. Nhp.1 When the earth is expected to fall it
is commonly said ' We shall have a calf.'
[Cp. Du. uit-kalven, to fall or shoot out, said of the sides
of a cutting or the like.]
CALVE, see Carve, Cauve, Cave.
CALVEN, pp. and ppl. adj. Dur. Yks. Chs. Written
cauven s.Chs.1 ; cawven n.Yks.12 Chs.1
1. pp. Calved.
n.Yks. Mother, our Crockey's cawven sine't grew dark, MERITON
Praise Ale (16841 1. i. Chs.1. s.Chs.1
VOL, I.
2. ppl. adj. Of a cow : having lately calved.
e.Dur.1 n.Yks. He sell'd a new cawven cow (I.W.) ; n.Yks.12
ne.Yks.Hn common use. e.Yks.1 She's a new cauven un. Chs.1
s.Chs.1 U nyoo--kau vnt ky'aay [a new-cauvent cat].
CALVER, sb. Sc. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Ken. A cow
in calf or that has had a calf. Also used atlrib.
Sc. (JAM.) Abd. I sold my calver cow yesterday (G.W.). Cum.
Very common (J.P.). Wm. He that sell'd me 'tother day a barren
cow and a calf, for a calver. HUTTON Bran New Wark > 1785) 1. 322.
e.Yks. We use the expression ' in calver ' for a cow in calf, and
when the calf is born, the term ' good calver ' is applied to the cow,
if she is abundantly supplied with milk (J.N.). Lan. In common
use. Of a cow that has borne one or more calves : ' Hoo's a d — d
good cauver' [breeder] (S.W.). Ken. (P.M.)
CALVES, sb. pi. Var. dial. uses. In comp. (i) Calves-
dropper, a small tub from which calves are fed ; (2) -feet,
(a) the plant charlock, Sinapis aruensis; (b) the hawkweed
or hawkbit, Apargia ; (3) -henge, a calfs entrails or pluck;
(4) -snout, the snapdragon, Antirrhinum minus; (5) -trins,
calves' stomachs used in cheese-making. Also called
calf-trundles (q.v.).
(i) nw.Dev.1 It has a handle at one side, formed by a hole in
a longer stave than the rest. Sometimes called Drapper only.
(a, a) War. Glo. (W.H.C.); Glo.1 (A) n.Glo. [In Dumbleton]
gathered to make wine, called Calves-feet wine J. DR.) ; (H.S.H.)
(3) Cor.1 (4) Cor.2 (5) Wil.1
[(4) Teste de veau, calves-snowt, COTGR. ; Antirrhinum
... in English, Calues snout, Snapdragon, GERARDE Herb.
(ed. 1633) 550.]
CALYON, sb. Obs. e.An. In phr. calyon and mortar,
the ordinary flint and boulder walls of the Suffolk
churches. See Calliard. e.An. NALL Gl.
[Calyon stone, caliou, PALSGR. (1530) ; Calyon, rounde
stone, rudus, Prompt., ed. Pynson (1409); In the accounts
of the Churchwardens of Walden, Essex (1466), among
the costs of making the porch, is a charge for 'calyon and
sonde' (Hist. Audley End, 225), among the disbursements
for the erection of Little Saxham hall in 1505, is one to
the chief mason for 'calyons and breke ' (Rokewode's
Hundred of Thingoe, 141), Way's note to Prompt. 58. Fr.
caillou, flint-stone, with change of suff., see LITTRE.]
CAM, sb.1 and v.1 Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Also written camm n.Yks.2; kam Yks. ; _kemm n.Yks.2 ;
kame Sc. Nhb.1 ; kaim Sc., q.v. [kam, kern.]
1. sb. The crest of a hill, a ridge.
Ayr., Lnk. (JAM.) s. v. Kaim N.Cy.1 Cam-Fell is the great
fidge between Penygent and Whernside. Cum. Rosthwaite Cam
and Catsty Cam, LINTON Late Cy. (1864) 315.
2. A hedge-bank, earth thrown up from a ditch, an
earthen mound or dyke, rising ground.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) Suppl. ; N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 The hoonds hed
a gran run, but some o' the field hed sair tues at the finish gettin'
ower the cams. Dur.1 e.Dur.1 Tak' some o' that cam off. Yks.
MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863). n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1 Git them cams
cleaned. e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788). m-Yks.1 w.Yks.
LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882^ 241 ; w.Yks.1 Climmin' th' cam
brist heigh, ii. 359.
Hence Camside, sb. the earthen bank upon which
a hedge is planted.
n.Yks. Av gedhard simnarins, butarkups, an vilots of t'kamsaid.
T'kamsaid al bit t'best mon wit saith (W.H.) ; T'kam sahd's full
o' primrooases, TWEDDELL Clevel. Rhymes (1875) 27. ne.Yks.1
He's fettlin up t'cam sides. m.Yks.1
3. The upper portion of a stone fence formed of sharp
serrated stones ; also applied to the stones themselves.
Lakel. Formed so as effectually to turn the Herdwick sheep,
ELL WOOD ; 1895). Cum.1 Wm. If i' [a wall] had been a single
cam heegher, it [a cuckoo] cudn't a gitten oot, BRIGGS Remains
1.1825) n8. n.Lan. A Yorkshire kam torns ship as wil as aut
(W.S.).
Hence Camstones, sb. pi. the coping or top-stones of
a wall. Wm. (W.S.), n.Yks.2
4. v. To form a bank, as for the purposes of enclosure ;
to confine within a boundary.
n.Yks.* It's te nae guid takkan yon bit o' moor in : why there's
nae sods te cam wiv ^the soil is so very poor, no sward has ever
formed] ; n.Yks.2 Camm'd up. ne.Yks.1 Thoo's camm'd it ower
high.
3T
CAM
[498]
CAMEL
[1. Cp. Norw. dial, kamb, a comb, crest, ridge (AASEN) ;
ON. kambr, freq. in local names of a ridge of hills
(VlGFUSSON).]
CAM, sb? and v? Sc. Nhb. Wm. Cor. Also written
camb N.Cy.1 ; caum Sc. ; calm Nhb.1 [kam, kam. ]
1. sb. Clay-slate ; fluor-spar ; a whitish indurated shale.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 It is got at Great Swinburne Mill, and at other
places where beds of clay-slate have been partially baked by whin
dykes. ' Here, too (near Housesteads), a bed of terrified limestone,
with one of coam or pencil schist, lies diagonally in the basaltic
cliff,' HODGSON Nhb. III. 288. Wm. (J.H.), Cor.1"
2. Comp. (i) Cam-pencil, a soft slate pencil ; (2) -stone,
pipeclay used for whitening hearths, leather-work, &c.
(i) Nhb.1 (a) Sc. A pail of whiting or camstane, as it is called,
mixed with water, SCOTT Guy M. (1815) xxxvi ; A spindle o'
bourtree, A whorl o' caumstane, CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes (1870)
329. Fif. Tarn Pethrie's horse, a scurvy hack, Wi' lades o' cam-
stane on his back, TENNANT Papistry (1827) no. e.Lth. Mebbe he
michtna be as white as camstane, HUNTER J. Inwick (1895) 178.
Edb. The pipeclayed breeches . . . many a weary arm did they
give me — beat-beating camstane into them, MOIR Mansie Wauch
(1828) 76. Gall. O's that bairns make on the flags with soft
camstone, CROCKETT Grey Matt (1896) 148.
3. v. To whiten a hearth, to ornament with patterns in
white clay.
Frf. Floors were sanded and hearthstones ca'med, BARRIE
Tommy (1896) vi.
[2. (2) At the base of the hill . . . you meet with several
layers of camstone, . . . which is easy burned into a heavy
limestone, Stirlings. Statist. Ace. (1795) XV. 327 QAM.).]
CAM, adj., adv., sb.3 and v.3 Lan. Chs. Glo. Wil. Also
written kam Glo. [kam, kaem.]
1. adj. Crooked ; obstinate, perverse.
Lan. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (P.); Things is o' cam, KAY-
SHUTTLEWORTH Scarsdale (1860) II. 155. Glo. GROSE (1790^
MS. add. (M.) Wil. They there wosbirds zimd rayther cam and
mischieval, AKERMAN Springtide (1850) 47 ; Thee'st as cam as a
peg (G.E.D.).
Hence (i) Cam-handed, adj. awkward, clumsy; (2)
Cam-manart, adj. ill-contrived, awkward.
(i) Wil.1 (2) Chs.1
2. adv. Awkwardly, crooked.
Wil. A woman generally throws cam (G.E.D.) ; (W.C.P.)
3. sb. Contradiction, perverse argument!
Lan. (J.D.) ; Lan.1 When he meets wi cam there's no good to
be done. It's clean cam, an' nowt else.
4. v. To make crooked ; to tread shoes out of shape.
Lan. DAVIES Races (1856) 228 ; Tha should walk straight and
not cam thi shoes so (C.J.B. ; Lan.1 He cams his shoon at th'
heel. Chs.1
Hence Camming, vbl. sb. treading shoes out of shape.
Lan. When I was a lad an old cobbler, who mended my shoes,
used constantly to charge me with what he called a sad trick of
camming them, GASKELL Lectures Dial. (1854) 7.
5. To cross, contradict, bicker, argue.
Lan.1 I'll cam him, an' get up his temper. Chs.1 Dunna thee
ston' cammin aw day ; Chs.3 s.Chs.1 Du)nu ky'aam- tu mey
[Dunna cam to mey].
Hence Camming, vbl. sb. altercation, bickering, quarrel-
ling.
Lan. Thrice happy in the enjoyment of an occasional ' bout of
camming' in the loom-house, N. & Q. ,1868) 4th S. ii. 99.
[2. Contrepoil, a contrepoil, against the wool, the wrong
way, quite kam, COTGR. ; This is clean kam, SHAKS. Cor.
in. i. 304. Gael., Ir., Wei. cam, crooked.]
CAM, see Calm, sb* Comb.
CAMB, see Cam, sb.2
CAMBAUTE, sb. Wxf.1 A crooked bat or stick. See
Cammock, sb.2
CAMBER, sb. Ken. Hmp. A dock or basin.
Ken. So called in Sheerness dockyard (H.M.). Hmp. At
Portsmouth there is a part of the harbour called the Camber,
HOLLOW AY ; Still in use (G.A.W.).
CAMBER-RAIL, see Cambrel, sb.1
CAMBIE-LEAF, sb. n.Sc. (JAM.) The white water-
lily, Nymphaea alba.
GAMBLE, see Cample, v.1
CAMBORNE, sb. Cor. A drubbing, beating. Cf.
Camborne boys, s.v. Boy.
w.Cor. Very common expression. Its origin is as recent as the
last twenty years (M.A.CA Cor.3 During certain riots in Cam-
borne the cry ' Give him Camborne ! ' originated, and since then it
has spread through the county.
CAMBOTTLE, see Canbottle.
CAMBREL, sb.1 Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Der. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Also in forms
cambril n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1 w.Yks.235 Chs.1 nw.Der.1 Not.
sw.Lin.1; kaameril S. & Ork.1; camrail n.Cy. n.Lin.1;
camrel n.Cy. ; cammerel N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Dur/ w.Yks.1 ;
cammarel Cum.1 ; cammeril w.Yks.2 ; cammerell n.Yks.1
Nhp.1; caumerill n.Yks.1; caumril ne.Yks.1; caumeril
e.Yks. m.Yks.1 ; cormerill Yks. ; caameral n.Lan. ;
cameril w.Yks.3 ; combrill e.Yks.1 ; kamril w.Yks. ;
camerill n.Lin.1; camber-rail w.Yks.3; and in form
gambrel, q.v. [ka'mbrl, ka'm-rl.] The notched rail
upon which slaughtered animals are hung by butchers ;
known also as Cambrel-joint, Cambrel-stick, Cambrel-
tree.
S. & Ork.1, n.Cy. (K.\ N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, s.Dur. (J.E.D.), Dnr.1,
Cum. (M.P.), Cum.1 n.Yks. Gan an' fetch t'camril to hing t'pig
up on (W.H.); n.Yks.12, ne.Yks.1 e.Yks. As cruked as a
caumeril, MARSHALL Rur.Econ. (1796) ; e.Yks.1, m-Yks.1 w.Yks.
LUCAS Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) 242 ; (F.K.) ; w.Yks.1235 Lan.
GASKELL Lectures Dial. (1854) 7. n.Lan. Dhat kamaral's nat
strang snuf (W.S.). Chs.1, Der.i, nw.Der.1 Not. (W.H.S.);
Not.1 The cambrel is used only for mutton, veal, and pork, the
stick used for ' beasts ' being called a beef-tree. n.Lin. SUTTON
Wds. 11881) ; n.Lln.>, sw.Lin.1, Lei.1 Nhp.1 Also called Bucker.
War.23
[Cambrel, a crooked stick with notches on it, on which
butchers hang their meat, BAILEY (1721). Cp. obs. Eng.
cambren, with the same mg., see BLOUNT (1670). Wei.
cambren, a butcher's tree ; a crooked piece of wood used
to hang up a pig or other slaughtered animal ; cam,
crooked +pren, wood, stick (S. EVANS).]
CAMBREL, sb.2 Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Lin.
Also written cammerel Nhb.1 w.Yks.1 Lan.1 ; camrel Yks. ;
cambril w.Yks. Chs.1 Der.2 sw.Lin.1 ; camril w.Yks. Lan.1
sw.Lin.1; cammeril e.Lan.1; camerill, camberill n.Lin.1
[ka-mbrl, ka'm-rl.] The hock of any animal.
Nhb.1 Cum. <. M.P.) ; Cum.1 Yks. If the camrel joints in the
hind legs are much swelled, rub them with the following mixture,
KNOWLSON Farrier (1834) 106. w.Yks. (D.L.); w.Yks.1 Hees
dung some hair off his nar cammerel, ii. 304; w.Yks.2 n.Lan.
Mai mier's hort har kamaral i^W.S.). Lan.1 Hit it o'er th' camril
an it'll goo. e.Lan.1, Chs.1, Der.2, nw.Der.1, n-Lin.1 sw-Lin.1 We
used to hopple them just above the cambrils.
[But he's a very perfect goat below, His crooked
cambrils arm'd with hoof and hair, DRAYTON Nymphal
(c. 1631) x. 1519 (NARES); Chapelet du jarret, the bought
of the ham, the cambrel hogh of a horse, COTGR.]
CAMBRIDGE, v. Lin. To roll with a Cambridge roller.
n-Lin.1 An agricultural implement which takes its name from its
inventor, Mr. W. C. Cambridge. We Caambridg'd them to'nups
as soon as thaay was sawn.
CAMBRIDGE-OAK, sb. Cmb. Slang. Also in form
Cambridgeshire Oak. The willow-tree.
Cmb. Willows are so called as a reflection on this county for its
marshy soil, where only those trees will grow, GROSE (1790)
LocalProv.; HONE Every-dayBk. (1826) I. 1080. Slang. FARMER.
CAMBUCK, sb. e.An. Written kambuck Suf.1 ; cam-
mock, camuck, cammick Suf. Also in form camlic
Suf. The dry stalk of dead plants, esp. hemlock and
other Umbelliferae.
e.An.1 Nrf.l Of legs lacking a goodly calf it is said, ' His legs
are like cambucks.' Suf. (C.T.) ; (F.H.) ; Suf.1 As dry as a
kambuck.
CAM(E, see Come.
CAMEL, sb., v. and adj. Som.
1. sb. Carpenter's term: a convex divergence from a
straight line.
w.Som.1 Of a beam or rafter, if bent, it would be said, ' Puut-n
ee-n pun dhu kaa-mee-ul ' [put it in upon the camel].
CAMEL-RIGG'D
[499]
CAMOMINE
Hence Camel-back'd, adj. longitudinally convex.
w.Som.1
2. v. To curve outwards, bend in the middle, ' sag.'
w.Som.1 Dhik raef'tur du kaa'mee'ul moo'ur-n tile1 un'shez
[that rafter is more than two inches convex].
3. adj. Convexly divergent from the straight line.
w.Som.1
CAMEL-RIGG'D, adj. w. Yks.1 [ka'mil-rigd.] Of
animals : having a high, crooked back.
CAMEL'S-HAIR, sb. Cld. (JAM.) The vertebral
ligament, the 'fick-fack.'
CAMERAL, sb.1 Sc. Also written cawmril Bnff.1
A spawned haddock.
Sc. A camera! haddock's ne'er guid Till it get three draps o'
May flude, CHAMBERS Rhymes (1870) 200. Bnff.1
CAMERAL, sb.2 Rxb. (JAM.) Also written cameril.
A large, ill-shaped, awkward person.
CAMERIL, see Cambrel, sb.1
CAM EWES, phr. Glo. Sea-gulls.
Glo.1 Cam is a place near Dursley.
CAMIL, sb. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written cammel
Cor. ; camel Dev. Cor. [kae'mil, kae'ml.] (i) Camomile,
Anthemis nobilis : in pi. the camomile flowers ; (2) Yarrow,
Achilleamillefolium; (3) In pi. Flea-bane, Inuladysenterica.
(i) Som. Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808) 11.544; Cor.12 (2) Dev.
(3) Dev. Science Gossip (1873) 235.
[(i) Du. kamille, camomile, G. kamille.}
CAMLA-LIKE, adj. Obs. Sc. Sullen, surly.
Abd. I saw a curn o' camla-like fallows wi' them, Journey fr.
London, 8, in Scots Poems in Buchan Dial. (1785).
CAMLET, sb. 1 Obs. Sc. Lan. Som. Also written
camblet.
1. A fine woollen material, a kind of close waterproof
cloth.
Edb. A camblet morning-gown and a pair of red slippers, MOIR
Mansie Wauch (1828) 104. w.Som.1
2. A cloak or other garment made of the above material.
Lan. But Parker's camblet was true blue, HALLI WELL Pal. A nthol.
(1850) 70. w.Som.1 Before mackintoshes were invented kan -mints
were as common as the former now are.
[As for our fine stuifs, as grogeram, and camblet, they
be made of camels hair, as some do affirm, SWAN
Speculum Mundi (1670) 398. Cp. Du. kamelot, chamlot
(HEXHAM) ; Holstein dial, kamlot, ' kameelhaarener Zeug
daher wahrscheinlich und weil dieses gewShnlich gestreift
ist ' (Idiotikon). Fr. camelot.]
CAMLIC, see Cambuck.
CAMM, see Cam, sb.1
CAMMACK, sb. Or.I. A stroke with the hand. Or.I.
(JAM.)^S. & Ork.1
CAMMACK, see Cammock, sb.1
GAMMAS, sb. e.Fif. (JAM.) A coarse cloth.
[A lang pece of cammes, sewit with silk unperfite of the
armes of Scotland, Inventories (1578) 215 (JAM.).]
CAMMED, adj. and adv. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Also written caimt Lan.1 n.Lan.1 ; kamed ne.Lan.1;
kaimed Cum.1 ; kaimt Cum. Wm. ; kaymt Cum/
[ka'md, ke'md.]
1. adj. Crooked, awry; also fig. cross, ill-tempered.
See Cam, adj.
Lakel. ELLWOOD (1895). Cum. LINTON Lake Cy. (1864) 299;
Cum.1 An than set to wark an' wreatt doon three or fower o"
t'kaymtest an' t'creuktest [words], Introd. 24 ; Cum.3 Aberram
was varra kaim't and tell't me to tak them 'at wasn't brocken, 4.
Wm. Net sa kaim'd an hungert ... as them as er seea abus't, Spec.
Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 38. w.Yks. As cammed as a dog's leg. Hoo's
as cammed as a wisket (D.L.). Lan. Eh! hoo's in a terrible
camm'd humour to-day ! GASKELL Lectures Dial. (1854) 7 ; DAVIES
Races (1856) 228 ; Lan.1 Thou'rt gettin camm'd as a crushed
whisket, WAUGH Old Cronies (1875) vi. n.Lan.1, neXan.1, Chs.13
Hence Kaimtly, adj. restive, disinclined for work.
Com. Horses out-liggan, and lean, and kaimtly, DICKINSON
Cumbr. (1876) 242.
2. adv. Perversely, crookedly.
Lan.1 Good lorjus deys ! it's not to tell heaw camm'd things con
happ'n! TIM BOBBIN Wks. (ed. 1750) 61.
CAMMEL, sb. Sc. A crooked piece of wood used as
a hook to hang anything on. Cf. cambrel, sb.1 Rxb.
(JAM.)
Hence Cammelt, adj. crooked.
Rxb. A cammelt bow (/AM.).
CAMMEREL, adj. N.Cy.1 Crooked.
CAMMICK, sb. Sh.I. A preventive, a stop. Sh.I.
(JAM.), S. & Ork.1
CAMMOCK, sb1 Won Bck. Hrt. Sus. Hmp. I.W. Wil.
Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written cammack Dev. ;
cammick Bck. I.W.2 Dor.1 ; cammic Cor.8 ; kemmick
w.Som.1 ; and in forms kamics, kramics Som. [kae'mak,
•ik.] (i) The plant rest-harrow, Ononis aruensis; (2) a
name given to almost any plant with a yellow flower, e.g.
Hypericum perforatum, Senecio Jacobaea, Pulicaria dysen-
terica ; (3) Lotus corniculatus, bird's-foot trefoil ; (4)
Achillea millefolium, yarrow.
(i) s.Wor. (H.K.), Bck. Hrt. There are two sorts of this stinking
weed : the one has a honey-suckle head, the other spires up with
a sort of grassy leaf, above a foot high, ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750)
III. i. Sus., Hmp.1, I.W.1 2 Wil. DAVIS Agric. (1813) ; Wll.1
Dor. Gl. (1851); (C.W.) ; Dor.1 Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873);
N. & Q. (1877) 5th S. viii. 358; (W.F.R.) w.Som.1 Kenvik
(rare). Dev. (W.L.P.), Cor.3 (a) Hmp. WISE New Forest (1883)
281 ; Hmp.1, I.W.2 (3) Dev. We sat down on a thymy bank,
And culled sweet cammock flowers, CAPERN Ballads (1856) 15, ed.
1858. (4) Dev.
Hence Cammocky, adj. Of milk, butter, or cheese:
tainted, as when the cows have been feeding on cammock.
Sus., Hmp.1 I.W.1; I.W.2 A onny gid me zome fousty bread
dree weeks wold and a bit o' wold cammicky cheese. Wil.1
[(i) Bougrande, cammock, rest-harrow, ground-furze,
petty-whin, COTGR. ; Bondga, cammock, ' resta bovis,'
FLORIO ; Gatillo, an herbe called cammocks, MINSHEU
(1623).]
CAMMOCK, sb.2 Sc. I.Ma. Also written cammok,
camack, cummock Sc. ; cammag I.Ma. [ka'mok.J
1. A curved stick, esp. one used in the game of hockey.
Sc. Airlie crooks the tree that good cammock should be, RAY
Prov. (1678) 361. Per. (JAM.) Ayr. To tremble under Fortune's
cummock, BURNS On a Bard, st. 7.
2. The game of hockey.
Sc. One of the most spirited camack matches witnessed for
many years. . . . Matches were played on the policy before the
house of Drakies, at the camack and foot-ball, Edb. Evng. Courier
(Jan. 22, 1821; (JAM.). I.Ma. Don't be playing cammag with me,
CAINE Manxman (1895) pt. vi. xiv.
[Hoc pedum, cambok (Nomina Ludorum), Voc. (c. 1425)
in Wright's Voc. (1884) 666. MLat. cambuca, ' baculus
incurvatus ' (DUCANGE).]
CAMMOCKS, sb. pi. Ess. Also written cammicks,
cammacks. [kae'msks.] Broken victuals, small pieces
left at a meal.
Ess. Arch. Soc. Trans. (1863) II. 183 ; Leave none of your
cammocks. Come on, eat your cammacks up (W.W.S.).
CAMMON, sb. Sc. Irel. Also in forms camrnons,
commons, [ka'man.]
1. The game of hockey ; see Cammock, sb.2
Sc. (JAM.) Ant. Two parties of boys ranged on opposite sides
endeavour to drive a ball through their respective wickets placed
two or three hundred yards asunder. . . . The wicket is formed
of two branches stuck into the ground at 3 or 4 feet distant, and
the ends above tied together so as to form an arch. . . . These
branches are called Teats, and the place where each wicket is
fixed is called the Gawly, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Ldd. A
popular game about Christmas, N. & Q. (1874) 5th S. i. 91.
s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890).
2. The stick or club used in the above game.
Ant. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
CAMOMINE, sb. Sc. Lan. Shr. Also in forms camo-
vyne, carmovine, camowyne Sc. ; cammony Lan.
[ka'mamain.J The camomile, Anthemis nobilis.
Abd. On the camowyne to lean you down, Ross Helenore
(1768) 124, ed. 1812. e.Lth. I no mind o' my mither ever keepin
drugs in the hoose, unless it micht be castor ile an' carmovine,
HUNTER J. Inwick (1895) 146. Lan. Aw sowd o that fine
cammony, COLLINS Poems (1859) 54' Shr.1 Kam-u'mein.
3 T2
CAMP
[500]
CAMP-SHOT
CAMP, sb.1 and v,1 Dur. Cum. Yks. Lin. War. Bdf.
Cmb. Nrf.
1. sb. An encampment, a gypsy's tent.
n-Lin.1 Ther' ewsed mostlin's to be a camp o' gipsies i' th' laanc
agean Shawn dike. War.3
2. Comp. (i) Camp-bed, a four-poster with a curved top
formed of wooden laths with cross-bars let into them ;
(2) -kettles, reliques of bronze of various sizes found on
the line of the Roman roads ; (3) -meeting, an open-air
meeting for religious purposes held by the Primitive
Methodist Connexion.
(i) e.Dur.1 The framework opens in the middle, for taking down.
^a) N.Cy.1 (3) w.Yks. (J.W.), n.Lin.i Cmb.' The Primitives are
going to have a camp-meeting in Boyce's field next Sunday.
3. v. To live in tents, take one's meals out of doors.
Cum. 'We're campin' this summer,' said a gentleman on the
Geological Survey (M.P.). Bdf. A party of persons sitting together
(under a hedge, for example) as the labourers do at harvest-time,
when they eat their meals, are said to be ' camping ' under the
hedge (J.W.B.).
Hence Camper, sb. a gypsy, itinerant tinker, &c.
Cum. Name usually given to the itinerant potter or vagrant, the
top of whose cart serves for a bed-curtain on the ground (M.P.).
n.Lin.l
4. Of birds : to flock together, gyrate in the air.
Nrf. The rooks are camping, Nrf. Arch. (1879) VIII. 168.
CAMP, v.2 and sb.2 n.Cy. Yks. Lan. [kamp.]
1. v. To talk, chat, gossip. With out: to go to other
people's houses to chat or gossip.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). w.Yks. Sho stands campin at t'yard end
thro morn to neet, BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865) ; (C.C.R.)
Hence Camping, vbl. sb. gossiping.
Yks. A gossip who freq. goes into a neighbour's house is fond
of camping out,' Tit-bits (Aug. 8, 1891" 280.
2. sb. A chat, a talk. Cf. cank, v.1
m-Lan.1 Aw ne'er enjoy owt as weel as a good camp.
CAMP, sb.3 and v.a Obs. e.An. Also written kamp,
kemp e.An.1
1. si. An ancient form of the game of football.
e.An.1 Two goals are pitched at the distance of 120 yards from
each other. In a line with each are ranged the combatants ;
the number on each side is gen. twelve. The ball is deposited
exactly in the mid-way. The sign or word is given by an
umpire. The two sides, as they are called, rush forward.
The contest for the ball begins, and never ends without black
eyes and bloody noses, broken heads or shins, and some serious
mischiefs. The prizes are commonly hats, gloves, shoes, or small
sums of money. Nrf. In the old newspaper we meet with a number
of advertisements relating to the old-fashioned and now almost obs.
game of 'camp, 'CLYDE Nrf. Gar/and (1812) xxi. Suf. (F.H.) ; Suf.1
Formerly much in use among schoolboys, and occas. played by men.
Sometimes school against school, or parish against parish.
2. v. To play at the above game ; to kick.
e.An. RAY (1691) ; e.An.1 Nrf. GROSE (1790). Snf. (K.)
Ess. Arch. Soc. Trans. (1863) II. 183 ; (W.W.S.)
Hence ( i) Camping, t/W. sb., see Camp, sb.3 ; (2) Camping-
ball, sb. a ball used in the above game ; (3) Camping-
land, sb., (4) Camping.pightel, sb. a piece of ground set
apart for the game of camping.
(i) e.An.2 I have heard old persons speak of a celebrated
camping, Nrf. against Suf., on Dip Common, with 300 on each
side. Before the ball was thrown up, the Nrf. side enquired
tauntingly of the Suf. men, if they had brought their coffins !
The Suf. men, after 14 hours, were the victors. Nine deaths were
the result of the contest, within a fortnight ! Nrf.1 Suf. I know
old men who engaged, when young, in camping (F.H.). (a)
e.An.1 The same name is sometimes misapplied to the common
light football. (3) e.An.1 In the little parish of East Bilney is a small
strip of land, near the church, which is called the camping-land.
A large piece of pasture land at Stowmarket is still called the
camping-land. Nrf.1 (4) Suf. The camping pightel joined to the
East side of the churchyard, and was let for 135. ^d. a year, CULLUM
Hist. Hawsted (1813) 124 ; Remembered by old folks (.F.H.).
[1. The same word as ME. camp, martial contest, fight.
Alle the kene mene of kampe, knyghtes, Morte Arth. (c.
1420) 3701, ed. Brock, 109. OE. camp (Beowulf). 2. Get
campers a ball, to campe therewithall, TUSSER Husb.
(1580) 60 ; Campyn, pedipilo, Prompt.}
CAMP, sb.* and v* Sc. Lei.
1. sb. A heap of potatoes or turnips earthed up in order
to be kept through the winter. See Bury, sb.1
Bwk. Surv. 293 (JAM.). Midi. MARSHALL Rur. ECOH. (1796) II.
Lei.1
2. v. To store potatoes, &c. for the winter. Lei.1
CAMP, see Kemp.
CAMPEL, see Cample, v>
CAMPER, v.1 Der. War.. Fit. Shr. Also in form
comper- Der.2 nw.Der.1 [ka'mpa(r), kae-mp3(r).] To
reply saucily. See Cample, v.1 War. (J.R.W.)
Hence (i) Campering, vbl. sb. saucy, impertinent
language ; (2) Campering, ppl. adj., (3) Campersome, adj.
lively, high-spirited.
(i) Fit. Stop that camperin, will tha (T.K.J.). (2) Shr.1 Young
Dicken rides a fine camperin' 'orse to markit. — Aye, an' 'e's a fine
camperin' fellow 'isself. (3) Der. GROSE (1790' MS. add. fP.) ;
Der.2, nw.Der.1
CAMPER, v? Wor. To entangle, join together. Cf.
cample, v?
s.Wor. Take care that they chains don't get campered (H.K.i.
CAMPERKNOWS, sb. Lan. Ale-pottage, in which
are put milk, sugar, and spices.
Lan.1 [GROSE (1790).]
CAMPERLASH, sb. Chs. Also in form caperlash
Chs.123 Abusive language. Cf. amperlash.
Chs.123 s.Chs.1 Kiim, non u dhi ky'aanvpurlaash [Come, none
o' thy camperlash].
CAMPERLECKS, sb. pi. Bch. (JAM.) Magical tricks.
CAMPHIRE, sb. Cum. The plant Crithmum mariti-
ntum.
[An old form of camphor. Camphre, camphire, COTGR.;
My beloved is unto me as a cluster of camphire, BIBLE
(ed. 1611) Song of Sol. i. 14.]
CAMPHOR, v. Rut. [kae-mfa(r).] To give camphor
in medicine.
Rut.1 I says to her, ' He'll be a-camphorin' of you, Martha.'
' Oh yes, sir, he's a deadly man for camphorin', is Dr. Brown.'
CAMPLE, v.1 and sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Lei. Nhp. Hrf. Also written campel Yks. ; and in
forms cawmple Lan. ; cemple Lan.1 ; comple w.Yks.'
Nhp.1 ; campo n.Cy. Chs.13 ; camble Sc. n.Cy. Chs.18
1. v. To scold, bully ; to retort, answer pertly, argue. Cf.
camper, v.1 See Camp, v?
Sc. (JAM.) n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Cum.1 Wm.
Yer need nit say I was camplin, er snappish ta me fadder, CLOSE
Satirist (1833) 158 ; They've taen to craa an' cample, BOWNESS
Studies (1868) 42. n.Yks.3 w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Caves
(1781); WILLAN List Wds. (1811); w.Yks.1 Foak may talk an
cample feeafully, ii. 310. Lan. Hoo cample't an' snapt, as no
mortal can tell, WAUGH Old Cronies (1875) v ; Lan.1 n.Lan. If
things iz'nt t'l hiz maind hi kampls terbly (W.S.) ; n.Lan.1, e.Lan.1,
Chs.13, Lei.1, Nhp.1 Hrf. He didn't drive the sheep quiet, but
kept campling 'em about (W.W.S.).
Hence (i) Campling, /;/>/. adj., (2) Camply, adj. quarrel-
some, impertinent, scolding.
(i) Yks. A campeling housewife (K.). w.Yks. Howd thi
camplin din (D.L.) ; w.Yks.1 A lile, threapin, complin, Dannot,
ii. 288. Lan. A camplin snicket, Yksman. Comic Ann. (1880) 8;
He says to Jim, ' tha cawmplin' wastrel foo,' CLEWORTH Daftie
Dick (1888) 35. Lei.1 Shay wur a very camplin' woman. Nhp.1
He's a complin fellow, and will have the last word. (2) n.Yks.
He's varry camply (I.W.).
2. sb. Talk, angry words.
Lan. Yo know aw've no neighbours to have a bit ov a cample
to, WAUGH Tatllin Matty (1867) ii ; He will slatter some cample
off at th' edge o' that under lip of his, it. Snowed-up, i ; Lan.1
CAMPLE, v.2 Wor. [kae'mpl.] With prep, with : to
meddle with. Cf. camper, v?
s.Wor. The London doctors said they wouldn't cample with his
bad eye, for fear he should lose the sight of it altogether (H.K.).
CAMPO, see Cample, i/.1
CAMPRULY, adj. s.Sc. (JAM.) Contentious.
CAMPS, see Kemps.
CAMP-SHOT, sb. and v. Thames Valley, Sur. Hmp.
Cor. Also in forms -shed, -shut-, -shoot-, see below ;
camshet- Hmp.1
CAMRIL
[501]
CAN
1. sb. A facing of piles and boarding along the bank of
a river.
Thames Vail. The ' campshot,' as it is termed on the Thames, is
the wooden boarding and piling that keeps up the bank of the river,
FRANCIS Angling 1880 61 (note).
2. v. To face the bank of a river with piles and planks ;
also, gen. to fence (a field).
Sur. The Richmond Vestry . . . campshedded it the eyot below
Richmond Bridge1), Daily News (Oct. 2, 1882) 6. Cor. There was
crutches inside . . . an' splints enough to camp-shed a thirty-acred
field, 'Q.' Troy Town (1888) xi.
Hence Camp-shuting, vbl. sb., see 1, above.
Hmp. The old gentleman . . . moved slowly down along the
camp-shuting. . . . Then the lad . . . slipped over the camp-shoot-
ing (will anybody tell me how to spell that word?), KINGSLEY
Ravens/toe ,1862) III. 201 ; There is a campshutting (a boarding
in English) upon which you can put your elbows, C. KINGSLEY
Chalk-stream Studies (1858) in Misc. (1859) I. 182 ; Hmp.1
[Prob. of Du. origin. Cp. Du. kamp, a piece of ground,
field + schot, partition, boarding. In Du. dials, kamp is esp.
used for a piece of ground surrounded by a ditch, see
MOLEMA (1887). See also DAHNERT Pomeranian Dial.
(1781 ).]
CAMRIL, see Cambrel, sb.2
CAMSHACH, adj. Sc. Also written camshack,
camscho, campsho, camscheugh, camschol.
1. Crooked, distorted.
Lnk. A monkey with a campsho face, RAMSAY Poems (1727 i II.
478, ed. 1800 (JAM.).
2. Fig. Cross-grained, ill-tempered.
Sc. Bot camshach wife or girnin gett, TAYLOR Poems (1787; 170
(JAM.J. Abd. Pate had caught a camshack cair At this uncanny
wark, SKINNER Poems (1809) 7. Dmb. Her camseuch faither and
a thrawn auld limmer o' a servant lass, CROSS Disruption (ed.
1877) viii. Rnf. It gaed at last frae camscheugh words, PICKEN
Poems (1788) Nowadays.
[1. That cruiked, camschoche croyll (dwarf), MONT-
GOMERIE Flyting (ed. 1629) 295; Wyth crukit camschow
beik, DOUGLAS Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, in. 77.]
CAMSHACHLE, v. and adj. Sc. Also written cam-
shade, camschacle, camshaucle, kamshackle.
1. v. To distort, pull askew, throw in disorder, upset ;
also jig. See Shachle, v.
Sc. I'll twassle your thrapple in a giffy an' ye think tae cam-
shacle me wi'your bluid-thristy fingers, St. Patrick (1819) II. 191 ;
Meg o' the mill camschachlit me, Old Sng. (JAM.) e.Fif. Tibbie
and Mrs. Scoter had gotten a' their duds camshackled, LATTO
Tarn Bodkin (1864) xxix.
Hence Camshackled,///- adj- crooked. A\sojig.
Feb. Nae auld camshauchled warlock loun, NICOL Poems
,1805) Daft Days.
2. adf. Involved, intricate, contused.
Slk. It's sae kamshackle. I canna word it, HOGG Tales (1838)
36, ed. 1866.
CAMSTEERY, adj. Sc. Nhb. Also Sus.(?) Also
written camsteerie Sc. ; camsteary Sc. Nhb.1 ; camsterie,
camstairie, camstairy, camstarie Sc. ; camstary Sc.
Nhb.1; kamsteery, kamstarry Nhb.1; kamstary N.Cy.1;
kamstarie Nhb.; and in form camstrary Sc. [kamstea'ri.]
Wild, mad, unmanageable, obstinate, perverse.
Sc. And when she's fu' she is unco camstarie, HERD Sngs.
(1776) II. 40; She was sae camsterie and skeich, JAMIESON Pop.
Ballads (1806) I. 297 ; He'sa camsteary chieldand fasheous about
marches, SCOTT Guy M. (1815) 1. e.Sc. They'll be eatin" themsel's
camsteerie i' the stable, SETOUN Sunshine (1895) 153. Abd.
Time enough to turn camsterry When we're auld and doited,
SKINNER Poems (ed. 1809)71. Per. The'll aye be some camsteary
craturs in the warld,lAN Vi.kCi.fCRE.fi Auld Lang Syne( 1895)318. Fif.
Ye're a camstairie lassie, MACDONALD A lee Forbes (1876) 95. e.Fif.
Gin I had daured to show the slightest inclination to turn cam-
steerie on their han's, LATTO Tarn Bodkin (1864) vii. Dmb. Sookin
stirks — when they begin to kick and grow strong i' the head and
camstrary, CROSS Disruption (ed. 1877) xx. Ayr. The auld countess
isnaesica camstrarie commoditie as may be you think, Gki.tSirA.
Wylie (1822) xxxiv. Lth. Frichtit baith the horse and kye, An'
turn'd them clean camstairy, SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 8. Edb.
Being naturally a wee-camstairie, Mom Mansie Wauch (1828) xxiv.
Bwk. He had a wild, camstary pony, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes
(18561 48. Slk. Breakin into pieces noo, like camstrary cluds, CHR.
NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) IV. 47. Gall. She turned camsteery wi'
him, an' gang in harnass she wadna, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) xxxiii.
Kcb. For the callans are camsteerie loons, ARMSTRONG Inglesidc
(1890) 205. N.Cy.1 Nhb. Ye're sic kamstarie fowk man, BELL
Rhymes (1812) 38; Nhb.1 Sus.1 A horse is said to be very cam-
steery when it does not go steadily.
Hence (i) Camstary, sb. an obstinate, unmanageable
person ; (2) Camsteeriness, sb. perversity, obstinacy.
(i) Slk. Herd's for ye then, auld camstary! HOGG Tales (1838
7, ed. 1866. (2) e.Fif. Pairtly owin' to his camsteeriness . . . we
whummelt into a ga-fur, LATTO 7am Bodkin 1^1864 i xii.
[Grou I campstarie, it may drau to ill, MONTGOMERIE
Sonnets (c. 1597) Ixviii, ed. Cranstoun, 123.]
CAMSTROUDGEOUS, adj. Fif. (JAM.) Wild, un-
manageable, obstinate, perverse.
CAMUCK, see Cambuck.
CAN, v. In var. dial, of Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also in
form con, see below.
I. Grammatical forms.
1. Present Tense.
Sc. To the young that canna, the aid that manna, The blind that
downa see, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads (1806 Bonny Bee-Ho'm ; Ye
canna help me, SCOTT Midlothian (1818) vii. N.I.1 Neg. Canney.
Nhb. I canna climb the knowes, sae green, Coquetdale Sngs. (1852)
100 ; Nhb.1 Ye canna say them nay, Mr. Mayor, Quayside Ditty
1,1816). Cum. What can t'e want wi' me? GILPIN Ballads (1874)
160; Cum.1 «. Canna, m. Caan't, sw. Caat. Wm. Canta tell?
BLEZARD Sngs. ^1868) 18. m.Yks.1 Aa kaan- or kaanz- ; dhoo
kaan-, kaanz- or kaansf ; ey kaan' or kaanz' ; wey, &c. kaan' or
kaanz1, Introd. xlvi. w.Yks. Strong form kan ; weak forms kan,
kg. The weak form kg is mostly used in comb, with the pers.
pron. Neg. kanat or kant. WRIGHT Gram. Wndhll. (1892) 147 ;
w.Yks.3 Cannot is gen. used at length. Lan. Con ta walk reight?
HAMERTON Wenderholme (1869) ii ; What con friends do ? BRIERLEY
Layrock (1864) viii ; Aw conno' wayve same as aw're use't, ib.
iii ; I canna' say, HARLAND & WILKINSON Flk-Lore (1867) 61.
e.Lan.1 Cornd. s.Lan. Conno, BAMFORD Dial. (1850). Chs.1 Aw
con ; can ta ? const ; const ta ? A^. Conna, conner, connot ; Chs.2
Connoh or conna. s.Chs.1 Sing. Kon, kost, kon, 90. Stf. Ye cawt
die more nor once, MURRAY Nov. Note Bk. (1887) 54 ; Cossentsee?
ib. Joseph's Coat (1882) 270. s.Stf. Thee cost goo now (T.P.).
Der.1 Con, conno ; Der.2 I conna' aboide hur. s.Not. I kaint do it
(L.C.MV. Nhp.1 An endearing expression to children : Casn't do
it? Nhp.2 I kaint do it. w.Wor. I conna mend it, S. BEAUCHAMP
Grantley Grange (1874) I- 3° > w.Wor.1 Conna us ? Shr.1 I can ot
con ; thee ca'st ; ca'st 'ee ? canna we ? can 'ee ? cannad-a or canna
they? Neg. : Thee cosna orcasna ; ca'sna thee [kas'nu'dhi1] ? If Turn
conna or canna do it. Hrf.2 Casn. casna, canna. Thee casn'st lick
me. Glo. Cass'net thee zing ? BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn (1890) viii ;
Glo.1 Ca&'n't ; Glo.2 Cast or Cat ? [canst thou]. Oxf.1 Thee cas'nt.
Cas'nt do't ? [kas'nt duot]. Brks.1 Casn't ? Ess.1 Caint. Sus.
Evers'much water caiint squench love, LOWER Sng. Sol. (1860
viii. 7. Hmp.1 Thee cass'n. I.W.1 Thee casn't dout un. Canst ?
I.W.2 Casn't zee't ? n.Wil. Gie out, cass'n ! [Stop that, can't you !]
(E.H.G.) Wil.1 Cass'n. Dor. Cassunt? (W.C.) ; [Thou] cast,
ROBERTS Hist. Lyme Regis (1834); Dor.1 I'll bet A shillen, that
thee cassen, 129. Som. Thee cass'n do it, JENNINGS Dial. w.Eng.
(1869) Gl. w.Som. Dhee kns; kuns dhee ? Neg. Dhee kas-n, wee
kaa-n; kas-ndhee? kaa'nuus? ELWORTHY Gram. (1877) 64 ; w.Som.1
Aay kn [emph. kan-] git au-n mud-leen-luyk tu diin-ur, bud aay
kaa'n niivur maek noa an- tu braek'sus [I can get on middling-
like at dinner, but I cannot ever make any hand of breakfast] ;
Ca's [thou canst] g'out ta-marra, if ee ool, PULMAN Sketches, 17.
Dev. Tis better thin ort a tal ulse thee kiss bring, NATHAN HOGG
Poet. Lett. (1865) Introd. n-Dev. Thee . . . cassent zee, Exm. Scold.
(1746) 1. 127 ; Thee kisn't think to ha' 'er, that's sartin, ROCK Jim
an' Nell 1,1867) st. 33. nw.Dev.1 Cas, cans, cas'n [thou canst,
canst not, canst thou ? canst thou not ?]. e.Dev. Cas' thee milky ?
PULMAN Sng. Sol. (1860) Notes, 4. Cor. Save thyself from trans-
portation ef thee cust, TREGELLAS Tales (1860) 51 ; Cor.2 Cussn't,
caan't; Cor.3 Kis?
2. Preterite.
Sc. Cuid, cood. Neg. Cuidna, coodna, MURRAY Dial. (t873) 216;
I couldna weel see, SCOTT Midlothian (1818) xv. Wxf.1 Aamezil
cou no stoane [Myself could not stand]. m.Yks.1 Kuod' orkuodz-,
sing, and pi., Introd. xlvii. w.Yks. Kud or kad. Neg. Kndnt or
kadnat, WRIGHT Gram. Wndhll. (1892) 147. Lan. Ascroft couldna
coom, KAY-SHUTTLEWORTH Scarsdale (1860) III. 79; Lan.1 pi.
Cud'n. Der.2 I could na' insense him a no how ^s v. Insense).
CAN
[502]
CANCH
w.Wor.1 C66dna us? Shr.1 Thee cou'st ; cou'st 'ee? we, &c.
coulden. Neg. I couldna ; thee couldsna ; Couldnad-a or couldna
they ? Glo.2 Coos-nt? [Could you not ?] Brks.1 Coost tell I which
be the ro-ad to Alder, plaze ? If I dwoant do't I be zure thee coos'nt.
I.W.1 Thee coodsn't doo't, 50. Wil. Coos'n [could'st not], SLOW
Gl. (1892). Dor.1 Dost mind how once thee coossen zit ? 63. Som.
Coose do et eef oo'st [You could do it if you would], PULMAN
Sketches (ed. 1871)87. w.Som. Dhee kuds (emphat. keo'ds) ; dhee
ke6ds-n, ELWORTHY Gram. (1877) 64. Dev. Cudden 'er ? HEWETT
Peas. Sp. (1892) 5 ; Es chudd'nt be a wafron, MADOX-BROWN
Dutale Bluth (1876) ok. i. iv. e.Dev. Ai did leuke, but ai niwer ked
vaine 'en, PULMAN Sng. Sol. 1860) iii. i. Cor.8 Cust lend me a
shilling?
II. In dial, usages.
1. Used as infin., prp. or pp. : to be able.
Sc. Thay haena cuid geate eane [they have not been able to get
one]. Ifwey haed cuid cum. Ye'll can cum neist weik? Wi'
hym noa cannin' fynd them [through his being unable to find
them], MURRAY Dial. (1873") 216; He'll be grander than ever
now — he'll no can haud down his head to sneeze, SCOTT Antiquary
(1816) xxvi. Per. I'll no can bide lang, CLELAND Inchbracken
(1883) 137, ed. 1887. Fif. Ye'll no can work, ROBERTSON
Provost (1894) 155. s.Sc. A common idiom. Not known in Abd.
(G.W.) Ayr. Baith you and her will can spare some o' the cost,
GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822) xvii. Lnk. He'll can tell us, WARDROP
J. Mathieson (1881) 32. Rxb. We'll . . . aiblins no can rise our lane,
A. SCOTT Poems (1808) 43. Gall. In common use (A.W.1!. Nlib..
Dur. He wouldn't could go. Will he can go ? (J.W.H.) e.Dur.1
They'll not can get any food. I haven't could get across the doors
(very common). ' I doubt I'll not can get ' is one of the commonest
phr. Cum.1 I'll nut can gang to-day. w.Yks. A ius ta kud or kad
diut [I used to be able to do it]. Ad a dunt if id kud (never kad)
[I would have done it if I had been able], WRIGHT Gram. Wndhll.
(1892) 148 ; Ah can't walk five mile i' t'hahr nah, but ah used
to could ! Leeds Merc. Suppl. (July 2, 1892). Chs.1 Aw used to
could a done it. Not.1 sw.Lin.1 Did you, when you used to
could work ? Lei.1 Nobody seems to can understand it. Shay'd
use to couldn't sit nur stan'. A's the man to can du it. I'd use
to could du it in hafe the toime, 31. War.2 He used to couldn't ;
War.3 Wor. I can't do it now, but I used to could (J.W.P.).
2. In phr. (i) Can or can't awhile, see Awhile; (2)
carit-help-it, a violent disinclination for work, &c.
(a) e.Yks.1 A person is said to be troubled with a can't-
help-it.
CAN, sb* Sc. Nhb. Yks. Not. Lei. War. Shr. Som. Cor.
[kan, kaen.]
1. Applied to any vessel, esp. of tin, for holding liquids
or semi-liquids ; a drinking cup.
Sc. The term has a much wider range of meaning than in Eng.,
and is applied to almost every sort of vessel of metal, earthen ware,
or wood, e. g. the small tubs in which workmen mix and keep
plaster, lime, &c. (JAM. Suppl.) n.Yks.1 e.Yks. A small milk-
pail, with a handle on the side, MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788 .
w.Yks. BANKS Wkfld. Wds. '^1865) ; w.Yks.1 ; w.Yks.2 Drinking
cups, called cans, are sometimes made [from the hollow of an
elephant's trunk]. w.Som.1 Kaar lau-ng dhu kan- lau-ng wai- ee
[carry along the milk-pail along with you]. Cor. A great five
gallon ' can,' FORFAR Poems (1885) 73.
2. A measure for liquids, holding about a gallon. Sh.I.
QAM.), S. & Ork.1
3. The allowance of beer claimed by keelmen.
Nhb.1 Every time they load a keel of coals from the staith, or
' dyke,' they get a ' can,' or allowance of ale equal in value to
two shillings and sixpence. A'. Tribune (1854) I. 210. Then went
and drank wor can, Sng. Keel Row.
4. The hollow part of an elephant's trunk. w.Yks.2
5. A tin.
Not.2 Buy me a can of meat.
6. A broken piece of earthenware. Abd. QAM.)
7. Comp. (i) Can-bauk, a milkman's shoulder-yoke or
' yoke-stick,' q.v. ; (2) -box, in wool-combing : a box full of
pins or combs, through which the wool is passed ; (3)
•dough, a small oblong cake for breakfast bread; (4)
•house, a public-house; (5) -leaf, Nymphaea alba, white
water-lily ; see Candock ; (6) -money, money claimed by
keelmen instead of an allowance of beer.
(i) n.Yks.2 (2) w.Yks. (S.A.B.) (3) Shr.1 (4) Nhb.1 (5)
Lei., War. The half unfolded leaves floating on the water [are]
supposed to resemble cans. (6) Nhb J
CAN, sb.2 Sc. Also written cann Abd. ; kann Sh.I.
Cleverness, ability, knowledge.
Sh.I. (JAM.) ; Still in use. He has nae can (K.I.). n.Sc.
W.C.) Abd. These auld-warld fouks had wondrous can Of
herbs that were baith good for man and beast, Ross Helenore
(1768) 13, ed. 1813; Wi' mair wyles and cann they bet the
flame, ib. 15 ; Oor gran'-mithers believ't i' the can o' the fairies,
ALEXANDER Ain Folk (1875) 70, ed. 1882 ; He has gweed can
amo' beasts fan he likes, ib. 93 ; Obsol. ^W.M.)
CAN, see Cand, v.
CANADA, sb. Yks. A name given to small allotments
of land, not divided from each other by any fence.
Yks. N. &* Q. (1885) 6th S. xii. 318. ne.Yks. This and
similar expressions, such as ' Nova Scotia,' are not uncommon
(M.C.F.M.).
CANALLYE, sb. Sc. Also written canalyie, can-
nailyie ; see below. A mob, rabble ; also in comp.
Canallye-host.
Sc. The hale cannailyie, risin, tried In vain to end their gabblin,
NICOL Poems (1805) I. 37 (JAM.). e.Sc. Hereabout we ca'a noisy
crowd o' folk a canallye, SETOON R. Urquhart (1896) xviii. Fif.
Sae sail this vile canallyie-host Be huntit downwarts, TENNANT
Papistry (1827) 106.
[Fr. canaille, dogs ; a kennel, or company of dogs ; the
dregs, or offals, of a people (CoTGR.).]
CANARY, sb. Yks. Lan. Lin. Shr. Lon. Hmp. Wil.
1. In phr. Give the cat a canary (bird), ' tell it to the
marines,' said of an improbable story.
Shr.1 ' Give a cat a canary/ dunna tell me none o' your
romance ; Shr.2
2. A sovereign, so called from its colour.
Shr.2 Lon. MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) I. 52.
3. A glass of gin, rum, or any ardent spirits. Shr.2
4. A burglar's assistant.
Lon. Sometimes a woman, called a ' canary,' carries the tools,
and watches outside, MAYHEW Land. Labour (ed. 1862) IV. 337.
5. Applied to the plants (i) Corydalis lutea, lady's pin-
cushion ; (2) Tropoeolum canariensis, canary-creeper.
Also in comp. Canary-plant. n.Lin.1
6. Comp. (i) Canary-buzzert, a yellow moth ; (2) -grass,
(3) -seed, (a) Phalaris canariensis, millet ; (b) Plantago
major, plantain.
(i) Lan. Petty warfare being carried on by 'canary buzzerts'
and 'bit-bats,' BRIERLEY Irkdale (1868) 115. (a, a) Var. dial.,
B. & H. (b) Hmp. (W.M.E.F.) (3, a) Var. dial., B. & H. (6)
Yks. ib. Hmp. Nature Notes, No. 3. Wil.1
CANBOTTLE, sb. Stf. Wor. Shr. Hrf. [karnbotl.]
The long-tailed titmouse, Acredula rosea.
Stf.1, w.Wor. (W.B.) Shr. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 32 ; Shr.1
Also called Bottle-tit ; Shr.2 Shr., Hrf. BOUND Prov. (1876). Hrf.2
CANCER, sb. Sc. Lychnis dioica, red campion.
Kcb. Garden Wk. (1896) 112.
CANCER, see Caunsey.
CANCH, sb. and v. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Chs. Not. Lin. Lei.
Nhp. Shr. Bdf. e.An. Also written cansh n.Yks.2
ne.Yks.1 Bdf. e.An.1 (GROSE) ; caunch Nhb. Dur. ; kanch
Nhp.1; kansh ne.Yks.1 Nhp.2 ; and in forms kench s.Chs.1
Lei.1 Nhp.1 Shr.1 e.An.1 Suf.1 ; kinch e.An.1 [kanj, ken/,
kinj.l
1. sb. A perpendicular declivity, a rise like a step, esp.
a step-like projection in a coal-pit.
N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 There is a string of canches from the Willows
to the glass-houses on Blaydon Haugh, the river winding about
those canches like a mill race, Newc. Dy. Chron. (Aug. 23, 1887).
In a thin seam of coal it is necessary to work either an upper or
lower stratum of stone along with the coal, to give height to the
passage way. The coal being worked first, leaves a steep-like
projection of stone. This is a canch. Coal and stone are thus
worked away alternately. Where a slight fault or slip occurs in
a bed of coal, the dislocation leaves one. part of the seam above
the other, the step thus formed being a canch. A top canch is
also called a broo. Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl. (1888);
(J.H.B.) Dur. GIBSON Up-Weardale Gl. (1870); The term is
applied more particularly when it is desired to describe the
thickness of the strata which is removed — as a 13 inch kanch
(J.J.B.). ne.Yks.1
2. A sloping trench ; a water-channel cut on a road.
n.Yks.2, ne-Yks.1, e.An.1, Nrf.1
CANCRAM
[503]
CANDLEMAS
3. A breadth of digging land. Nrf.1, Suf.1
4. A slice out of a hayrick or manure-heap, &c. ; a large
piece of bread, cheese, &c.
Dur.1 s.Chs.1 ' A whole kench ' is a cut across the whole breadth
of the stack. Not.2 Cut a canch out of that manure-hill. Shr.1
The Missis give 'im a reel good kench o' bread an' chees'. Also
in form kenchin". e.An.1 Shall I begin another cut of the stack,
Sir ? the last kinch is getting very low.
5. A small rick ; a small stack of bricks, firewood, corn,
&c., piled up together ; a mound of earth.
n.Yks. Cut a piece off that cansh (I.W.). Midi. MARSHALL
Rur. Econ. (1796). Not. (J.H.B.) ; Not.23 s.Not. The man had
gotten a good canch o' firewood in his yard (J.P.K.). n.Lin.1
Ther's just one little canch o' oats left an' that's all. Nhp.1 If
a rick of corn is made at different times, each separate portion is
called a canch ; or a small rick — the surplus of a large one — and
attached to it, is so denominated ; and the term is also used in
piling wood or faggots when a small addition is made to a larger
pile. A bury of potatoes is sometimes called a canch; Nhp.2
Bdf. BATCHELOR Anal. Eng. Lang. (1809). e.An.1 e.Nrf.
MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1787). Nrf.1 [GROSE (1790).]
6. A short turn or spell at hoeing, ditching, &c. e.An.1,
Nrf.1
7. v. To heap up, pile, arrange in a stack.
Midi. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796). Not.1 ; Not.2 The bricks
must be canched, not thrown out of the cart ; Not.3 Nar canch
'em up snug together out o' folks' way ! s.Not. Here wor a lot o'
slabs canched up in a corner (J.P. K.). Lei.1 To kench potatoes
is to ' camp ' them, place in a heap and cover with straw, earth,
&c. Nhp.2 [To caunch up bricks is to arrange them in small
stacks when burnt and ready for sale, Gl. Lab. (1894).]
CANCRAM, see Cankum.
CAND, sb. Cor.12 Fluor-spar. See Cam, sb.2
CAND, v. Nhp. e.An. Also in form can Suf. [kand,
keend-l To candy, congeal, adhere.
Nhp.1 e.An.1 It cands together. Suf. This sort of mould cans
at once, if you press it. ' Pan' is the more common word (F.H.).
[The siluer moone . . . spred frostie pearle on the
canded ground, FAIRFAX Tasso (1600) vi. ciii.]
CAND, see Cam.
CANDAVAIG, sb. n.Sc. (JAM.) A species of salmon ;
a salmon that lies until summer in fresh water, without
going to the sea.
Abd. They are grosser for their length than the common salmon,
and often of a large size, Birse Statist. Ace. IX. 109. Ags.
[Gael, ceann-dubhach, der. of ceann-dubh, black-headed.]
CANDEL-BEND, see Kendal-bend.
CANDER.Wz/. Glo.12 Yonder. Also in phr. Gander-
luc&s, look yonder.
[Cander, for ' look yonder] the vb. being unstressed, and
its final guttural agglutinated to the following adv.
pronounced 'ander.]
CANDLE, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also in form cannel Sc. Nhb.1 Dur. Cum. Yks. ; canle
w.Som.1 ; cannle n.Yks.2 ; kannel Dev.8 ; kendle Cor.2
1. Comp. (i) Candle-bark, a box for holding candles ;
see Bark, sb.1; (2) -burning, the time which a candle
takes to burn ; (3) -canting, a ' sale by candle,' q.v. ; (4)
•coal, a piece of splint coal put on a cottage fire to give
light to spin by ; (5) -coil, the wick of a candle ; (6)
•creel, a basket for storing candles ; playing at cards for
candles ; (7) -doup, a candle-end ; (8) -douting, morning,
dawn ; (9) -fir, fir that has been buried in a morass, used
instead of candles ; (10) -futile, (n) -gullie, a large knife
for splitting up bog-fir into candles ; (12) -hod, a candle-
stick; (13) -keeper, see below ; (14) -leet-time, dusk ; (15)
•length, the time a candle would take to burn ; (16)
•lighting, see -leet-time ; (17) -sieve, the larger kind of
rush used for candle-wicks ; (18) -snot, the burnt wick of
a candle ; (19) -stick-height, of a child : very small ; (20)
•teen, (21) -teening (-tining, -tinning), evening, dusk ; see
Tine ; (22) -waster, one who sits up late at night ; (23)
•wick, (a) Typha lalifolia, great reed-mace ; (b) Verbascum
Thapsus, mullein.
(i) Cam. (.M.P.), Lan.1 2) Nhb., Dur. NICHOLSON Coal Tr. Gl.
(1888). (3) n.Yks.2 A cannle-canting, when articles were ap-
praised until a candle burned down to a certain mark, and the
highest bidder got the bargain, the candle being now superseded
by the sand-glass. (4) Rxb. (JAM.) (5) w.Yks. (W.F.M.F.)
(6) Nhb. Another singular device they practise called candle creel,
RICHARDSON Borderer's Table-bk. (1846) VII. 243 ; Nhb.1 In early
winter, farmers used to set off to a neighbouring rendezvous, each
man with a creel or basket of candles. A successful player obtained
a stock enough to serve his needs throughout the rest of the winter.
(7) e.Sc. Mony a can'le-doup I've kent gutter an' gang out leavin'
me to crawl into bed i' the dark, SETOUN R. Urquhart (1896) Hi.
(8) w.Som.1 When the sun is up sufficiently to see to work is the
time for kan'l-duwteen. n.Dev. Vrom candle-douting to candle-
teening, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 314. (9) Sc. Its fibres are so tough,
that they are twisted into ropes, halters, and tethers. The splits
of it are used for light, Agr. Surv. Peeb. (JAM.) (10, n) Bnff.1
(12) n.Yks.2 (13) Slang. At Winchester School : the name given
to six college boys, not being prefects, who are allowed certain
privileges in consideration of their having been long in the school.
Prob. from having charge of the candles placed on the juniors'
tables in Hall (A.D.H.); SHADWELL Wykeham. Slang ( 1859-1864).
(14) n.Lin.1 (15) Lan. It's o happened i' less nor a candle-length,
CLEGG David 's Loom (1894) v. (16) [Amer. Evenin' meetin' took
up at early candlelightin', Dial. Notes (1895) I. 385.] (17) Nhb.1
Cum. T'young fwoks '11 gang till a cannel-seave syke [marshy
hollow], DICKINSON Cumbr. (1875) 230 ; (M.P.) Wm. Distinct
from the smaller kind of rush out of which caps and whips were
and still are made (B.K.) ; Wm.1 The rushes were prepared by
having the rind stripped off on two opposite sides, so as to allow
the pith to absorb the liquid tallow. n,Lan. (W.H.H.) (iS)Nhb.1
(19) n.Yks.2 I've knawn you ivver sen you were cannle-stick-height.
(20) w.Som.1 I'll be 'long way-ee agin, vore cannle-teen. (21) w.Cy.
GROSE Suppl. (1790). Glo.12, n.Wll. (G.E.D.) w.Som.1 Kan -I-
tee'neen. n.Dev.Exm. Scold. (.1746) 1. 314 ; Tha blessed hour 'vore
candleteenin', ROCK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 129. Dev.1 Jist bevore
candle-teening the passon peep'd in upon us to put us in meend
'twas Zinday nart, 18 ; Dev.3 Cor. 'Twas kendle-teening when
yung Mall Treloare Trudg'd hum fram Bal, J. TRENOODLE Spec.
(1846) 22. w.Cor. From early candle-teening, THOMAS Randigal
Rhymes (1895) 5. Cor.12 (22) Ant. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
w.Som.1 They be proper can'le-wasters [kan'l wae-ustur], aa'll
warnt they baint a-bed. (23, a) Cum., Wm. (4) n.Som.
2. In phr. (i) as you have burned the candle, burn the
inch, complete the undertaking, ' as well be hanged for
a sheep as for a lamb ' ; (2) candle and castock, a turnip
lantern ; (3) he that worst may, must hold the candle, the
weakest goes to the wall ; obs. ; (4) Candle-and- lantern Fair,
see below ; (5) he hath offered his candle to the devil, see
below ; obs. ; (6) sale by candle, an auction where a short
candle was burnt, and the last bidder before it went out
became the purchaser ; (7) to strike a candle, to slide on
the heel, so as to leave a white mark along the ice.
(i) Don. Said if any one is going to attempt anything desperate,
Flit-Lore Jrn. (1885) III. 277. (2) Sc. Sometimes placed in church-
yards, on Allhallow eve. Hence the rhyme of children : — Hallow-
een, a night at e'en, A candle in a castock (JAM.). (3) Glo. SMYTH
Lives Berkeleys (ed. 1885) III. 32. (4) Wil. We used [atWarminster]
to call one of the smaller fairs (I believe it was the August one)
' Candle-and-lantern Fair/ presumably from the difficulty of finding
it ; but the name may have come from a time when the wares
offered in August would include preparations for winter evenings,
Wil. N. & Q. I. 230. (5) Glo. This (now common) thus arose ;
Old ffillimore of Cam, goinge in anno 1584, to present Sir Tho.
Throgmorton of Tortworth with a suger lofe, met by the way with
his neighbor, who demanded whither and upon what busines hee
was goinge, answered, ' To offer my candle to the Divill,' SMYTH
Lives Berkeleys (ed. 1885) III. 28. (6) n.Lin.1 [Forty or fifty years
ago ... it was the custom at some sales to have candles marked
with red circles ; and the moment the candle burned down to the
mark, the lot put up was knocked down to the highest bidder,
N. & Q. (1851) ist S. iv. 383.] (7) WU.1
3. The pupil of the eye ; gen. in phr. candle of the eye.
Shr.1 Also called Pea of the eye. Hrf.1 s.Pem. LAWS Little
Eng. (1888) 419. Glo.1
[2. (6) The ist of June . . . will be exposed to sale by
the candle ten hundred parts or proprieties of that tract
of land in America now called West New Jersey, Land.
Gazette (1687) No. 2246, 4.]
CANDLEMAS, sb. Sc. Cum. Yks. Shr. Glo. Sur. Wil.
Som. Also written can'le Sc. Cum. w.Som.1; cannle
n.Yks.2 e.Yks.]
CANDLER
[ 5°4 ]
CANE-APPLE
1. Feb. 2, Feast of the Purification : a Scottish quarter-
day. Also in comp. Candlemas-day.
Sc. If Candlemass day be dry and fair, The half o' winter's to come
and mair ; If Candlemass day be wet and foul, The half o' winter's
gane at Yule. CHAMBERS Bk. of Days (1869) I. 214. Ayr. That
fifty pound ye lent me last Candlemas was a twelvemonth. JOHNSTON
Glenbuckie (1889) 81. Lnk. The first term's payment is at Candle-
mas first, WODROW Church Hist. fed. 1828) I. 337. Kcb. When at
Can'lemas he took the floor, ARMSTRONG Ingleside (1890* 216.
Cum. (M.P.) Yks. At Candlemas gooid gees al lay, Prov. in Brig-
house News (July 20, 1889). n.Yks.2 If Cannlemas day be lound
and fair, Yaw hawf o' t'winter's te come an' mair: If Cannlemas
day be murk an' foul, Yaw hawf o' t'winter's geean at Yule.
e.Yks.i Shr. At Candlemas Day A good goose should lay, Flk-
rime, BURNE Flk-Lore (1883^ 578. Ken. 'Candlemas Day Half
your fodder and half your hay,' or ' Candlemoss Half your hay
and half your toss,' meaning that the winter is then only half gone
and one ought to have exhausted not more than half the keep for
the cattle. The ' toss ' is the unthreshed corn in the barn (P.M.).
Sur.1 The old folks used to say that so far as the sun shone into
the house on Candlemas Day so far would the snow drive in
before the winter was out. w.Som.1 Kan-lmus remembered by
the country folk, but utterly unknown to the factory and town
people.
2. Comb, (i) Candlemas-ba' (ball), a football match
played on Feb. 2 ; (2) -bells, the snowdrop ; (3) -bleeze, (a)
a bonfire on the evening of Feb. 2 ; (b) the gift of money
formerly paid by pupils to their schoolmaster; (4) -crack,
a storm occurring at this season ; (5) — crown, see below ;
(6) — king, the pupil who paid the highest gratuity to the
schoolmaster at Candlemas ; (7) — offering, see -bleeze
(b); (8) — queen, see —king.
(i) Sc. The e. end of a town [played] against the o>., the un-
married men against the married, or one parish against another,
CHAMBERS Bk. of Days 1869, I. 214. (a Glo.i2, n.Wil. (G.E.D.
(3, a) Sc. The conflagration of any piece of furze which might
exist in their [schoolchildren's] neighbourhood, or ... of an
artificial bonfire, CHAMBERS Bk. of Days (1869) I. 314. (A) Rxb.,
Slk. (JAM.) (4) e.Yks.1 A cannlemas-crack Lays monny a sailor
on his back. (5, 6) Fit Scholars pay a Candlemas gratuity, from
5*. even as far as 5 guineas, when there is a keen competition for
the Candlemas crown. The 'king' . . . reigns for six weeks,
during which period he is not only entitled to demand an after-
noon's play for the scholars once a week, but he has also the
royal privilege of remitting punishments, St. Andrews Statist. Ace
XIII. 211 (JAM.). 17. Sc. (JAM.) (8) (ib. Supply Ayr. With
one voice from us a' she was proclaimed our Candlemas Queen
SERVICE Dr. Duguid (ed. 1887) 34.
[1. The first nam es Candelmesse, The tother Maryes
clensmg, Metr. Horn. (c. 1325), ed Small, i^. OE candel-
mcssse, cp. ON. Kyndilmessa.]
CANDLER, sb. Obs. n.Cy. Yks.
1. A chandelier. n.Cy. (K.) [Not known to our corre-
spondents.]
2. A chandler.
w.Yks. WATSON Hist. Hlfx. ^1775 535 ; w.Yks.*
[A candeler, candelarius, Caf/i. Angl. (1483). Candles
-er, as in draper, butler.}
CANDOCK, sb. Not. War. Wor. [ka-ndok.]
1. Nuphar lutea, yellow water-lily. See W
Also called Pan Dock. War.3
2 . Nymphaea alba, white water-lily. See Can-leaf. Not.
(J.ti.tt.), Wor.
[Can-dock, from its broad leaves, and the shape of its
seed-vessel, like that of a can, PRIOR (1879). Cp. Dan
aakande (aa, river + kande, a can), a water-lily 1
CANDY. 56. and v. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dun Lin War
Amer. [ka-ndi.]
1- sb. A sweetmeat.
Ayr. He would have . . . socht candy for the banes, SERVICE
Dr.Dugu,d (1887) 27 ; N.I.1 Nhb. A sweetmeat exposed for sale
at Newcastle on market days, the salesman shouting ' Here's your
dandy, randy, candy oh!' (J.Ar.) [Amer. FARMER]
A. Cow* (i) Candy-broad sugar, lump sugar ; (2) -man,
a, I61"*/ candy'; a bailiff's officer; sle below;
-plant, Marrubmm vulgare, horehound.
(i) Flf. QAM.) (a) Rnf. He gangs business-like wi't tae the
candyman s stan', NEILSON Poems (1877) 47. N.T.I A rag-man
Water-can.
[who gives] gen. a kind of toffee in exchange for rags, £c. Nhb.1 As
the pitman occupies his house in part payment of wages, it becomes
necessary for him to vacate it, should he leave his work at the
colliery. During ' the great strike ' in 1884 men were served with
notices of ejectment all round. To do this, the services of ' vagrom
men ' were impressed. In these the pitmen recognized several
as the itinerant vendors who called ' Dandy-candy, three sticks a
penny.' Thus the term ' Candyman ' became gen. applied in pit
villages to those who served and carried out notices of ejectment.
Nhb., Dur. Mr. Wilson comments <$n the absence of 'candymen'
at the evictions, Newc. Dy. Leader (July 6, 1896) ; N.tf Q.( 1886)
7th S. i. 445. (3) War.3 The source of several cottage medicines.
Candy or Tofley is made by boiling it with sugar.
3. A hard rocky layer under gravel. sw.Lin.1
4. v. To stick together from rust, pressure, or other
means. Cf. cand.
n-Lin.1 I fun a lump o' sneel-shells what would fill a barra' e'
th' inside o' a holla' esh trea, all candied togither. A labourer,
who came upon a 'find' of bronze celts at West Halton, said,
' Thaay was all candied togither.'
CANE, sb.1 Chs. [ken.] In silk-weaving : the warp.
Chs.1 Ahr Jim'll start a work a Monday: he's getten a fresh
cane ; Chs.3
CANE, sb.2 Hrt. Hmp. Written kane Hit. [ken.]
A small weasel. Also called keen, q.v.
Hrt. ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) IV. i. e.Hmp. A little reddish
beast, not much bigger than a field mouse, but much longer,
which they call a cane, WHITE Selborne 1788) xv s.Hmo
R.F.P.); ^H.W.E. Hmp.i
CANE, sb.3 Obs. Sc. Nhb. Also written cain (JAM.) ;
kain, kane, see below.
1. A rent paid in kind by a tenant to his landlord. Cf.
boon, sb.2 Also Jig. in phr. to pay the cane, to pay the
penalty.
Sc. It consisted of a portion of the produce of the land, in grain
when it was arable land, and in cattle and pigs when pasture land.
. . . Over the whole of Scotland, exc. in Lth., it was a recognised
burden upon the crown lands, and upon all lands not held by
feudal tenure, SKENE Celtic Sc. III. 231 (JAM Sujtfil.) ; There will
be poultry amang the tenants, though Luckie Chirnside says she
has paid the kain twice ower, SCOTT Bride of Lam. (1819) viii.
Abd. Or aiblins wi' you pay The kain to hell, Guidman Inglisniaill
1873) 31. Ayr. Our Laird gets in his racked rents, His coals,
his kain, an' a' his stents, BURNS Tiva Dogs (1786) ; To Death she's
dearly paid the kane, ib. Tarn Samson (1787). Bwk. Now he will
hae to pay the kain For being at the Deil's command, HENDERSON
Pap. Rhymes (1856) 128. Gall. I had paid him his kane for his
insolence, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) xxxiv.
Hence Canage, sb. the act of paying 'cane.' Sc. (JAM.)
2. Used attrib. in comb, (i) Cane-bairn, a child supposed
to be paid as tribute to fairies or to the devil ; (2) -cock,
a cock given in part payment of rent ; (3) -fish, rent for
fishing, paid in kind ; (4! -fowl, (5) -hen, see -cock ; (6)
-rent, rent paid in kind.
'^i) Sc. It is hinted . . . that kain bairns were paid to Satan. . . .
Sometimes the old barren hags stole the unchristened offspring of
their neighbours to fill the hellish treasury, CROMEK Nithsdale Sng.
(1810) 280; A similar idea prevailed with regard to the kain paid
by the fairies (JAM.). (2) Slk. Paid away to hell, like a kane-
cock at the end o' seven years, HOGG Tales (1838) 53, ed. 1866.
3) Nhb. 'Canefisshe' or 'Gaynfish,' by virtue of which one
quarter of a fisherman's catch was appropriated by the bailiff on the
eturn of the fisherman to shore, BATESON Hist. Nhb. (1895^ II. 40 ;
Nhb.1 (4) Sc. I would have you send no more such kain fowls,
SCOTT Abbot (18201 xxvi. (5) Sc. There was ance a laird ... had
a great number of kain hens, SCOTT Guy M. (1815 v. '6) Frf.
Capons were more plentiful at the table than chickens, so that
even kam-rent was paid in them, STEPHENS Farm Bk. (ed. 1849)
I. 674.
[This word Cane signifies tribute or dewty, as cane
fowles, cane cheis, cane aites, quhilk is paid be the tenent
to the maister as ane duty of the land, specially to kirk-
men and prelats, SKENE Expos. (1641) 35. Gael, cain, Ir.
cam, a tax, tribute, Mir. statute, law (MACBAIN).]
CANE, see Cain.
CANE- APPLE, sb. Irel. The berry of Arbutus unedo,
strawberry tree.
Crk. You writ to me about strawberry treese which were
green all the yeare. ... I believe you mein the cane apel tree,
CANES
M. FAULKNER Lett. (July 1641) \nMem. Verney Family viSga) I. an.
Ker. JOYCE Ir. Place Names, 2nd S. 338.
fir. caithne, the arbutus. This is the name used at
Killarney. Ard na ceithne is the old name of Smerwick
harbour, in Dunurlin, Co. Kerry (O'REILLY, 591).]
CANES, sb. pi. Dur. The schoolmaster's cane.
e.Dur.1 Always in pi. : She's getten her kae'unz.
CANGE, v. Lin. Also written cainge n.Lin.1 [kendsj,
kesndg.] To waste away or moulder by degrees ; said
of persons and things. See Cainge.
n.Lin. SUTTON Wds. (1881) ; It's been caingein' an' moskerin'
awaay iver sin' it was strucken wi' lightnin' twenty year back
'M.P.) ; n.Lin.1 ' Poor thing ! she'll not bide it a deal longer ; she's
caaingin' awaay, poor bairn ; ' said of a child that had swallowed a
halfpenny.
C ANGLE, v.1 Sc. Nhb.
1. To quarrel, wrangle, haggle.
Sc. Ye cangle about uncoft kids, RAMSAY Prov. (1737). Ayr.
We may not stay now to cangle with the Papists, DICKSON Sel.
Writings (1660) I. 174, ed. 1845 ; Dinna, for ony sake, let them
see we've been canglin', WILSON Tales (1836) II. 162. Nhb.1 To
cangle with the ticket-collector at a railway station.
Hence (i) Cangler, sb. a jangler ; (2) Gangling, (a)
vbl. sb. altercation, quarrelling; (b) ppl. adj. wrangling,
quarrelsome.
(i) Lnk. 'Fye!' said ae cangler, 'what d'ye mean?' RAMSAY
Poems (ed. 1800) II. 482 (JAM.). (2, a) Sc. There's little need for
only canglin' the noo, SMITH Archie and Bess (1876) 48. (b) e.Lth.
She wasna ane o' the canglin kind, HUNTER./. Inwick (1895) 213.
2. To cavil. Abd. (JAM.).
CANGLE, sb. and v? Der. Nhp. Oxf. Written kangle
Der.2 Nhp.12 Oxf.1
1. sb. A tangle. Oxf.1
2. v. To entangle.
Nhp.2 That thread be kangled.
Hence (i) Kangled, ppl. adj. of thread : entangled ; (2)
Kangling, ppl. adj. struggling on, going with difficulty ;
(3) Kangling-comb, sb. a Targe wide-toothed comb.
(i) Nhp.1 My thrid be so kangled I can't wind it nohows. (2)
Der.2, nw.Der.1 (3) Nhp.12
CANIFFLE, v. Obsol. Som. Dev. Also in form
caniflee Dev. ; caniffly w.Som.1 ; connifle Som.
1. To dissemble ; to flatter.
w.Cy. GROSE Suppl. (1790). w.Som.1 Kan-eeflee. n.Dev. And
than tha wut canifflee, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 257 ; Monthly Mag.
(1808) II. 544.
2. To embezzle, ' sponge.'
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
CANISTER, sb. Yks. Chs. Lin. [ka-nista(r).] A
slang word for the head.
w.Yks. A bit ov a bump a ther cannister, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE
Mcmch. Exhebishan (1857) ; Bang went t'cloas prop ageean his
cannister, Dewsbre Olm. (1865) 6. s.Chs.1 Ah daayt, laad', dhti)z
nuwt i dhi ky'aan'istur [Ah dai't, lad, tha's nowt i' thy canister].
Lin.1
CANK, v.1 and sb.1 Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Not. Lei. Nhp.
War. Wor. Shr. Pem. Bdf. Wil. Also written cenk
War.2 ; conk Lan. Pem. ; kank Lan. War.12 Wor.
[karjk, kerjk.l
1. v. To cackle, as geese. Lan. (HALL.), Shr.12
2. To talk rapidly, gabble. Shr.1
3. To gossip, chatter, prate.
Lan. DAVIES Races (1856) 278 ; Lan.1, Chs.13 Der. Some one
had been cankin wi' him about things they didn't owt, WARD
D. Grieve (1892) I. vi; Der.1, nw.Der.1, Not.1 Lei.1 A's ollus at a
lewse end a-cankin' about. War.128, s.Wor. (H.K.), se.Wor.1
Wil. You'll cank me to death (G.E.D.).
Hence (i) Canking, (a) ppl. adj. gossiping, chattering;
whining, peevish ; (b) vbl. sb. chattering, gossip ; (2)
Canking-pleck, sb. a place to chat in ; (3) Canky, adj.
cross, peevish.
(i, a) Stf.1 Der. GROSE (1790) ; Der.2, nw.Der.1 Not.1 Cankin'
hypocrite. War. (J.R.W.) (b) Lan. The withered thorn was tell-
ing its neighbour of happy ' kankings ' beneath its own shade,
BRIERLEY Marlocks (1867) 53 ; Yo are gettin yoar cankin breechus,
un yoar jawntin weskut on, SCHOLES Tim Gamwattle (1857) 14.
Chs. N. if Q. (1850) ist S. ii. 519; Chs.3 She never do goes [sic]
ranking wi' neighbors. Nhp.1 War. Always going canking about
VOL. 1.
[5051
CANKER
(J.B.1). (2)Lan.1Here'safinedroycanking-pleck under this thurn,
TIM BOBBIN Wks. (ed. 1750) 41; There's a nice conkin'-pleck
bi th' side o' th' well, here, WAUGH Chimn. Corner in Manch. Critic
(May 2, 1874). (3) s.Lan. BAMFORD Dial. (1850).
4. To be pert or saucy.
Bdf. A mother says to her child ' Don't cank at me ' ; J.W.B.).
Hence Conk, adj. pert. Pem. (W.H.Y.)
5. sb. The cry of a goose.
War.2 Wor. We heard the kank of the wild geese as they flew
by (W.A.S.).
6. Gossip, chatter ; a chat, tete-a-tete.
Lan. What a cank han wee had ! TIM BOBBIN View Dial. (1740)
49 ; They had evidently ' set in ' for a quiet conk at the heel of the
day's bustle, WAUGH Snowed-up, v. Lan.1, Stf. (H.K.) War.
B'ham Wkly. Post (June 10, 1893) ; War.1 Wor. What's all this
cank about? (J.W.P.) ; (H.K.) Wil.1
7. A gossip, a tell-tale. Nhp.1, War.2, m.Wor. (J.C.)
[1. The canking of a goose, or the quacking of a duck,
SHENSTONE Lett. (Sept. 23, 1741) in WKS. (1777) III. 36.]
CANK, sb? Shr. A fit of ill-humour.
Shr.1 1 toud 'er a bit o' my mind, an' 'er 'uff'd an' ding'd an'
went off in a fine cank.
[Cp. cank, an obs. slang word meaning dumb, COLES
(1677).]
CANK, v.2 Wil. To overcome, conquer, overpower.
n.Wil. I be fairly cankt wi't aal (E.H.G.). Wil.1 The winner
' canks ' his competitors in a race, and you ' cank ' a child when
you give it more than it can eat.
CANK, sb.3 and v.3 Yks. Nhp.
1. sb. A useless mixture of clay, stone, and iron, found
in quarries. w.Yks.2 [Not known to our correspondents.]
Hence Canky, adj. Of stone : rotten, decayed. Nhp.1
2. v. To be decayed, infested with ' cankers,' q.v.
Nhp.1 That tree will do no good, it canks so.
CANK, sb* Nhp.2 Punishment.
CANK, v.* Lan. To sit down.
Lan. Come in, wench, an' kank thi deawn on th' bed, BRIERLEY
Mai-locks (1866) v; Obsol. (S.W.)
CANKER, sb.1 Cor.12 A crab.
[OCor. cancer, a crab fish (WILLIAMS), Lat. cancer.}
CANKER, sZ>.2 and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
Also written conker Wil. Dor. Som. See Cankered.
1. sb. A cancer or other eating sore, esp. a sore in the
mouth ; an inflammation or eruption ; a sore caused by
verdigris.
Nhb.1 In 1847 a young man was 'stuck' in the shoulder with
a pitchfork, which his mother put into the fire, and which she
implicitly believed would burn the canker out of the wound, with-
out the actual cautery. Chs.1 Ah ! poor thing, oo deed of a
canker in her breast. Dunna put that penny i' thy maitli. or else
tha'lt hay th' canker. s.Chs.1 Ky'aangk-iir. Not. (L.C.M.)
n.Lin.1 Inflammation in the ears and mouths of animals. Also caries
of teeth or bones. Nhp.12 War.3 Take that penny out of your
mouth, or you'll get a canker. Shr.1 Popularly believed to be
caused by the venom of verdigris, brass, or copper. 1544. 5th July.
Died upon the disease of a canker within her mouth, under the
root of her tongue, which as her father said she chanced to have
through the smelling of Rose-flowers, Reg. Much Wenlock. Glo.
(S.S.B.) ; BAYLIS Illus. Dial. (1870) ; Glo.1 In//, the disease called
' thrush.' Hmp.1 Wil.1 The baby hev a-got the cankers. Som.
SWEETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885).
2. A diseased place in the bark of a tree. Cum. (M.P.),
n.Yks. (I.W.), n.Lin.1
3. A kind of dry rot in turnips. Shr.1
4. Rust or corrosion of metal ; iron-mould ; verdigris.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) Suppl. ; N.Cy.1, Dur.1, Cum. (M.P.),
n.Yks.13 e.Yks. In common use, MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788).
w.Yks. Canker of iron was the common name for the medicine,
oxide of iron. Obsol., Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 3, 1891);
(J.T.); w.Yks.134, Chs.1 s.Not. The penny was covered with
canker (J.P.K.). n.Hn.1, Lei.1, Nhp.i, Shr.i
5. Rust in wheat. Shr.1, Cor.2
6. A caterpillar, a grub.
Not. (L.C.M.), Nhp.12, Bdf. (J.W.B.), e.An.1 e.Nrf. MARSHALL
Rur. Econ. (1787). Nrf.1 [GROSE (1790).]
7. Applied to plants, &c., esp. those which are supposed
to have poisonous properties: (i) the wild rose, Rosa
canina ; (2) the ' hip ' or fruit of the wild rose ; (3) the
CANKER
[506]
CANKUM
mossy gall caused by Cynips rosae; (4) a fungus, toad-
stool ; (5) Leontodon Taraxacum, dandelion ; (6) Papaver
Rhoeas, scarlet poppy.
(i) Lin. THOMPSON Hist. Boston (1856) 701. Cmb., Nrf., Ess.,
Dor. Dev. GROSE (1790) ; Dev.4, nw-Dev.1 (2) e.An.1, Ess.
(H.H.M.) Dor. w. Gazette (Feb. 15, 1889) 6; BARNES Gl.
(1863^; Dor.1 Blue sloos an' conkers red, 181. (3) n-Lin.1 (4)
War.2 Glo. BAYLIS Illus. Dial. (1870); Gl. (1851); GROSE (1790);
Glo.1, Brks. (F.H.) Hmp. (J.R.W.) ; Hmp.1 n.Wil. Them be'ant
muggeroons — 'tis cankers (E.H.G.). Wil.1 Also called Cankie. (5)
Glo. (F.H.); Glo.1 (6) Nrf.1 Suf. (F.H.) ; Suf.1 Called also
Copperoze.
8. Fig. Bad temper, ' bad blood,' a corroding care.
Bnff.1 The bairn's eaten aff o's feet wee doon-richt canker.
Frf. Free frae this warl', wi' its cankers an' cares, WATT Poet.
Sketches (1880) 50. Fif. The old serpent in each heart and head
Spits canker, TENNANT Anster (i8ia) 44, ed. 1871. Ayr. My
canker turned into meekness, DICKSON Sel. Writings (1660) I. 195,
ed. 1845. Lth. I bear ye nae ill for yer canker an' spleen, SMITH
Meny Bridal (1866) no. Bdf. A canker at the heart (J.W.B.).
9. Comp. (i) Canker-ball, the mossy excrescence on a
wild rose bush ; (2) -bell, the bud of a wild rose ; (3)
-berry, the ' hip ' of a wild rose ; (4) -dyke, a ditch or .
watercourse containing a deposit of iron ; (5) -fret, the
rust of copper or brass ; (6) -fretted, of kitchen utensils :
rusty, having lost the tinning ; (7) -nail, a painful slip of
flesh at the base of the finger-nail ; see Agnail ; (8) -rose,
(a) Rosa canina, wild rose ; (6) see -ball ; (c) Papaver
Rhoeas, scarlet poppy ; (9) -water, water impregnated with
rust of iron ; (10) -weed, (a) Senecio Jacobaea, ragwort ;
(b) S. sylvaticus ; (c) S. tenuifolius.
(i) w.Som.1 Kang-kur baul, orbaa-1. (2) nw.Dev.r (3) Ken.12,
Hmp. (W.M.E.F.) Wil. SLOW Gl. (1893) ; Wil.1, nw.Dev.1
(4) w.Yks.3 (5) e.An.1 Not used for the rust of any other
metals. Nrf.1 A copper saucepan requiring tinning is said to have
the canker-fret. Suf.1 (6) e.An.1 (7) Cld. (JAM.) (8, a) Ken.12
Dev. GROSE (1790). nw-Dev.1 (A) Wil. They pick the canker
roses off the briars and carry them in the pocket as a certain
preventive of rheumatism, JEFFERIES Gt. Estate (1880) iv; Wil.1
[Cf. briar-boss.] (c) e-An.1 Also called Copper-rose and Head-ache.
Suf. Science Gossip (1882) 113. (9) w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl.
(Feb. 6, 1893). (10, a) e.An.1 Nrf. COZENS-HARDY Broad Nrf.
(.1893) 101. e.Nrf. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1787). Nrf.1 [GROSE
(1790).] (A, Oe-An.1
10. v. To affect with cancer ; to cause ulceration ; to
fester, become sore.
Bnflf.1, Chs.1 s.Not. You'll canker your mouth with sucking
brass (J.P.K.). War." His finger has cankered. Shr.1 Yo'
shouldna let the child play 06th brass ; if 'e puts it in 'is mouth it'll
kang'kur' it.
Hence Cankerous, adj. venomous.
Chs.1, War.3 Shr.1 The warmin' pan's sich a nasty cank'rous
thing to be burnt 66th.
11. To blight. Of wheat : to be injured by smut.
Nhb.1, War.3 Hrt. The kernels of wheat may be cankered or
smutted, ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) V. i.
12. To rust, corrode ; to iron-mould.
n.Yks.1 e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788). w.Yks. My
clothes are cankered this week, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 3, iSgi).
n.Lin.1, Lei.1 War.3 If you leave those fire-irons in the damp,
they'll canker. n.Wil. An iron rail is apt to 'canker' the branches
of fruit-trees trained against it (E.H.G.).
13. To fret, become peevish ; to put into a bad temper,
to sour.
Sc. (JAM.) Bnff.1 Gehn ye dee that, ye'll canker 'im a'the-
geether. Abd. We a' hae a something to canker the heart, OGG
Willie ffa/y(i873) 118.
Hence (i) Cankeran, vbl. sb. fretfulness, complaint ;
(2) Cankering, adj. gnawing, corroding ; (3) Cankersome,
adj., (4) Cankery, adj. bad-tempered, cross-grained ; (5)
Cankris, adj. vile, bad ; complaining.
(i) Bnff.1 The bairn keepit a cankeran a' nicht fae's teeth, (a)
Abd. Farewell, dull sorrow, cankering care, good-bye, OGG Willie
Waly (1873) 85. (3) Gall. It's juist haein' mony maisters, ilka yin
mair cankersome and thrawn than anither, CROCKETT Sunbonnet
(l895) ix- (4) Rnf., Ayr. The cankriest then was kittled up to
daffing, WILSON Poems (1816) 40 (JAM.). Ayr. Nae wonder ye
ne'er got a man, ye cankery runt, GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822) ii ;
The melancholious, lazie croon O' cankrie care, BURNS Ep. to
[4
Wh
Major Logan (1786). n-Yks.1 (5) Nhb. Rank bad foaks wi'
cankris harts thit ne'er can happy be, ROBSON Evangeline (1870)
329 ; Nhb.1
14. Of the weather : to become stormy.
Bnff.1 The weather's gain' to canker or canker up.
~ The canker on \ron,ferrugo, LEVINS Manip. (1570) ;
rher the mothe and kanker corrupt, Geneva Bible (1557)
Matt. vi. 19. 7. In the sweetest bud The eating canker
dwells, SHAKS. Two Gent. i. i. 43 ; Cankyr, worme of a tre,
teredo, Prompt. 11. To canker, rubiginem contrahere, COLES
(1679).]
CANKERED, ppl. adj. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm.
Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Lin. Shr. Brks. Bdf. Cmb. Hmp.
I.W. Also written cankert, see below. Cf. canker.
1. Of a wound or sore : inflamed, festered. Of the teeth :
decayed.
Sc. A cankart sair, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Bnff.1, N.Cy.1,
Nhb.1 w.Yks. Cankered teeth (J.T.). Brks.1 Hmp.1 That dog's
ear is cankered.
2. Of trees, plants, &c. : blighted, diseased.
Nhb.1 A tree is said to be cankered when it appears blighted
from some cause affecting its growth. n.Yks. (I.W.) Midi.
MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796). Shr.1 Them cabbidge 66n mak'
nuthin this 'ear — they bin poor cankered tack.
3. Rusty, covered with verdigris.
N.Cy.1, Dur.1 Wm. Canker'd brass, WHITKHEAD Leg. ,1859)
24. n.Yks.13 w.Yks. WILLAN List Wds. (1811) ; CUDWORTH
Horton (1886) Gl. Cmb.1 Take that ha'penny out of your mouth;
it's all cankered.
4. Cross, querulous ; ill-tempered, spiteful, bitter.
Sc. What ails ye to be cankered, man, wi' your friends, SCOTT
Antiquary (1816) xxv. Elg. A timely clout, she kens, keeps out
December's cankered cauld, TESTER Poems (1865) 105. Abd. Ye
ill-tongued cankert shard, ELLIS Pronunc. (1889) V. 774. Kcd.
Of cankered cares I've had my share, JAMIE Muse (1844) 50.
Per. A meesurable cankered jealous body, IAN MACLAREN Brier
Bush (1895)33. Lth. Why should agewi' cankered ee Condemn
thy pranks! BALLANTINE Poems ^i&=f>) 69 ; Auld canker'd Boreas,
BRUCE Poems (1813) 16. Gall. Twa auld cankered carles,
CROCKETT Sunbonnet (1895) vii. Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892).
n.Cy. (K.); GROSE ^1790); N.Cy.12 Nhb. Find her but a
canker'd bride, Coqueldale Sags. (1852) 90; Nhb.1 Cum. Yan
o' them cantankarous, cankert, crusty, auld fellows, RICHARDSON
Talk (1876) 153 ; Cum.1 Wm. She's a canker'd auld thing
(B.K.); A lile reedan, cankert, threeapan paddock, Spec. Dial.
(1877) pt. iv. 38. n.Yks.13, e.Yks.1 Yks.THORESBY Lett. (1703).
w.Yks.14 Lan. May ye ha' a pang os sharp i' your cancart eart,
AINSWORTH Witches (ed. 1849 °k- I. vi ; Lan.1 Aw think hoo's a
bit cankert is th' owd besom, WAUGH Ben an Bantam (1866) v.
m.Lan.1, Chs.123 s.Chs.1 Aa- ky'aangk-flrd uwd thingg' ! dhur)z
n6o livin widh ur [A cankered owd thing ! there's noo livin' with
her]. nw.Der.1 n.Lin.1 He's alus real cankered when times is bad.
Shr.1 ; Shr.2 The missus is grow'd meety cankered like in her
temper. Brks.1, Bdf. (J.W.B.), I.W.1
5. Of the weather or sky : threatening, lowering ; gusty.
Sc. Twa gey cankert-like teethies o' cloud, ROY Horseman's
Wd. (1895) xvi. Elg. A little cankered cloud getting up, COUPER
Tourifications (1803) II. 79. Bnff.1
Hence (i) Cankert-leukin, adj. (a) of a sore : inflamed,
painful ; (b) of persons : sour, unkind in expression ; (c)
of the weather: threatening, lowering; (2) Cankerdly,
adv. ill-naturedly.
(i) Bnff.1 (2) Abd. Dinna cankerdly refuse it, SHIRREFS Poems
(1790) 18.
[4. A cankered fellow, a cross, ill-conditioned fellow,
BAILEY (1721) ; As cankerit carlis that can not be content,
DAVIDSON Brief Com. (1573) 236, in Sat. Poems, ed.
Cranstoun, I. 285.]
CANKERROON, sb. Glo. Also written kangarroon.
Any fungus, exc. the puff-ball, not considered edible.
Glo. (S.S.B.) [Not known to our other correspondents.]
CANKIN, sb. Cor. [kae'nkin.] A tin cannister.
e.Cor. On the fire was what is called a cankin. As she could not
pull out the cork with her hand she tried it with her teeth,
w. Morning News. Cor.3
[Can, sb. + -kin, dim. sun'.]
CANKUM, sb. Chs. Not. Shr. Also in form cancram
Shr.2 [ka-rjkam, kae'rjkam.]
CANLIE
[507]
CANNY
1. A prank, whim, fit of peevishness.
Chs.13 Shr.2 Also called Tantrams.
2. A drily humorous person. Also used at/rib.
s.Not. 'E's a cankum [or, a cankum sort o' chap], 'e will 'ev 'is
joke (J.P.K.).
CANLIE, sb. Obsol. Sc. A boys' game, a variety
of ' tick.'
Abd. (JAM.) ; The boy who is canlie, or ' it,' calls the name of
another, who must run. Known also as ' tackie ' or ' tackie ower
the tailor's grun' (W.M.).
CANNA, see Can, v.
CANNA(CH, sb. Sc. The cotton-grass, Eriophorum
vaginatum.
Sc. The downy cannach of the wat'ry moors, GRANT Poems
(1803) 49 (JAM.) ; Still is the canna's hoary beard, SCOTT Lady of
Lake (1811) II. xv.
CANNAGH, sb. Sc. Also in form connagh Slg. ;
cunnach Per. The ' pip,' a disease of fowls.
Per. The ordinary name for the disease (G.W.). Flf., Slg. (JAM.)
Ayr. (J.F.)
[Prob. the same as Gael, conach, murrain in cattle
(MACLEOD & DEWAR).]
CANNAILYIE, see Canallye.
CANNAS, sb. n.Sc. [ka'nas.]
1. Coarse canvas, sail-cloth ; hence the sail of a ship.
Cf. cannis.
Bch. A puff o' wind ye cudna get, To gar yaur cannas wag,
Poems, 10 (JAM.).
2. Obs. ? A coarse sheet used for keeping grain from
falling on the ground when being winnowed.
Sc. (JAM.) Abd. There's ae honest man i' the Micras [a hamlet
near Balmoral], an' he steal'd a cannas, Prov. (G. W.) Kcd. Barn-
fans, an' flails, an' fleers, An' canasses an' seeks, GRANT Lays
(1884) 3.
Hence Cannas-braid, sb. the breadth of such a sheet.
Abd. Grew there a tree with branches close and braid ; The
shade beneath a canness-braid outthrow, Ross Helenore (1768) 26,
ed. i8ia ; A cottage with a cannas-breid of a garden, ALEXANDER
Johnny Gibb (1871) xvi.
[Pron. of canvas.]
CANNAT, sb. Irel. Also written kannat. A sharp,
wily fellow ; a peddler, dealer.
Wxf. A cunning country kannat, KENNEDY Even. Duffrey (1869)
392 ; Once he found you were a cannat, he'd outwit you, il>. Fire-
side Stories (1870) 98.
[Cp. Ir. ceannaidhe, a merchant, dealer (O'REILLY).]
CANNEL, S&.1 Som. The faucet of a barrel.
Som. Tap-and- canal, W. & J. Gl. (1873).
[Tuyau, a pipe, quill, cane, canel, COTGR. ; Wyne canels
accordynge to ]>e tarrers (augers), Bk. Nurture (c. 1460) 66,
in Meals Gr* Manners, ed. Furnivall, 5 ; Candle, the faucet,
or quilfof a wine vessel (COTGR.).]
CANNEL, sb? and v. Sc. Yks. [ka'nl.]
1. sb. The sloping edge of an axe or chisel. Rxb.
(JAM.), w.Yks.2
2. v. To bevel the edge of a knife, to chamfer. Sc.
(JAM.), w.Yks.2
CANNEL, see Candle, Channel.
CANNEL-BONE, sb. Lan.1 The collar-bone. Cf.
channel-bone.
[Baith cannell bayne and schuldir blaid, Wallace (1488)
v. 823.]
CANNIBURR, sb. n.Sc. Written canniber Bnff.1
[ka-nibar.] The sea-urchin. See Burr, sb.1 8. Bnff.1,
ne.Abd. (W.M.)
CANNIS, v. Cor. [kae nis.] To toss about carelessly.
Cor. AT. & Q. (1854) ist S. x. 179 ; Cor.1*
[A pron. of canvas, to toss in a ' canvas ' sheet. Berner,
to canvass, or toss in a sive, COTGR. See Cannas.]
CANNLE, see Candle.
CANNLEMAS, see Candlemas.
CANNON, sb. Sc. Nhb. Lin. Also in form cannie Sc.
[ka'nan.] In comp. (i) Cannon-mouth, see below ; (2)
•nail, the nail that holds the cart body to the axle.
(i) u. Lin.1 Part of a horse's bit. A round, long piece of iron,
consisting sometimes of two pieces that couple and bend in the
middle ... so contrived that they rise gradually towards the
middle, and ascend towards the palate ; to the end, that the void
space left underneath may give some liberty to the tongue,
Sportsman's Did. (1785). (a* s.Sc. (JAM.), Nhb.1
[1. Could menage faire His stubborne steed with curbed
canon bitt, SPENSER F. Q. (1596) i. vii. 37. Fr. canon, any
instrument that is long, and hollow as the barrel of a gun ;
a cannon-bit for a horse (COTGR.).]
CANNY, adj., adv. and int. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum.
Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Lin. Lei. Also written conny
s.Don. n.Cy. (GROSE, K.) Cum. Wm. n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1
aYks.1 m.Yks.1 w.Yks.128 Lan.1 n.Lan.1 ne.Lan.1 Chs.23
s-Chs.1 n.Lin.1 Der.1; cawney N.I.1; kony (K.) ; konny
n.Yks.2 m.Yks.1 w.Yks.1* ; see also below, [ka'ni, kp'ni.]
1. adj. Knowing, sagacious, shrewd ; prudent, cautious.
Sc. Canny chiels carry cloaks when 'tis clear, RAMSAY Prov.
(*737) > We have a wheen canny trewsman here, SCOTT Leg. Mont.
(1818) iv; A canny long-headed Scot, Jokes, 2nd S. (1889) 30.
Abd. Be canny, lad, and tak' some thought, COCK Strains (1810) I.
86. Kcd. Just bring them up wi" canny care, JAMIE Muse (1844)
45. Frf. Stroke, as it is cannier to call him, BARRIE Tommy (1896)
250. Per. A cannie man like Hillocks would be preparing for the
campaign, IAN M.ACL\REti Auld Laitg Syne (1895) 9. Ayr. A great
deal of learning and canny thocht, SERVICE .Dr. Duguid {1887) 109.
Lnk. There'll sure be nae leevin' for canny dacent bodies ava,
FRASER Whaups (1895) i. Gall. This is a matter that requires
management, and canny, judicious management too, NICHOLSON
Hist. Tales ( 1843) 68. Kcb. Straight down the steep they slide wi'
canny care, DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 6. N.I.1 s.Don. SIMMONS
Gl. (1890). N.Cy.1 Canny hinny. Metaphorically, a sly person,
a smooth sinner, especially in affairs of gallantry. The rich
daughters of Alderman R. Cock were called ' Cock's canny
ninnies.' Nhb. Wi' canny care she claps't afore them, GRAHAM
Maori. Dial. (1826) 6. n.Yks.1 A canny au'd carle; yan wunna
get t'blin' sahd o' he. ne.Yks.1 Thoo'll a'e ti be a bit canny wiv
him. e.Yks.1, w.Yks. (J.T.) Lin. STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes
(1884) 320. n-Lin.1, Lei.1
2. Skilful, dexterous, handy, careful.
Sc. He recommended that some canny hand should be sent up
to the glens to make the best bargain he could, SCOTT Waverley
(1814) xv ; They hae need o' a canny cook that hae but ae egg to
their dinner, HENDERSON Prov. (1832) 93, ed. 1881 ; Old Effie
. . . was the canniest hand about a sick-bed, Glenfergns (1820) II.
341 (JAM.). ue.Sc. Wi' canny guidin' o' the reins ... he was gaen
just as I wanted him, GRANT Keckleton, 10. Abd. Thae auld
warld fouks had wondrous cann Of herbs, that were baith good for
beasts and man, And did with care the canny knack impart Unto
their bairns, Ross Helenore (1768) 13, ed. 1812. Ayr. It requires
a canny hand to manage public affairs, GALT Provost (1822) xlvii.
Lnk. Ye gales that gently wave the sea, And please the canny
boatman, RAMSAY Poems (ed. 1800) II. 256 (JAM.). s.Don.
SIMMONS Gl. (1890). n.Yks. Be canny wi' t'window, mind !
ATKINSON Lost (1870) ii ; n-Yks.1 As canny a workman as ivver
ah see. A canny chap with horses ; n.Yks.2, ne.Yks.1 w.Yks.
WILLAN List Wds. (1811). n.Lin.i
3. Favourable, safe ; fortunate, lucky, of good omen, esp.
in a superstitious sense. Also in phr. canny moment, the
moment of birth.
Sc. I maunna take leave o' ye wi' the tear in my ee, for that
wouldna be canny, SCOTT Midlothian (1818) xxvi ; Canny moment,
lucky fit, ib. Guy M. (1815) iii ; A large and rich cheese was made
by the women of the family, with great affectation of secrecy, for
the refreshment of the gossips who were to attend at the canny
minute, ib. ; In the gloaming, when the grey stump of a skaithed
tree will look like something no canny, WHITEHEAD Daft Davie
(1876) 256, ed. 1894. n.Sc. Spaik her saft, say I, for she's far frae
canny [of a reputed witch], GORDON Carglen (1891) 204. Abd. It's
far frae canny, in a haste, To crack o'er queer, to ony ghaist, COCK
Strains (1810) I. 19. Per. I daurna use that kin' o' langwidge ;
it's no cannie, IAN MACLAREN Brier Bush (1895) 185. Fif. It's
surely no canny for an auld, doited haverel to be the first the
bairn should meet [on its way to church to be baptized], ROBERT-
SON Provost (1894) 57. Drub. That's the vera thing that gars me
doot if your skill can be canny, CROSS Disruption (ed. 1877) xxiii.
Rnf. They gied us a guid drap o' drink, an' I think they maun hae
put something no canny intil't, MACDONALD Settlement (1869) 169.
Slk. That word's no cannie, CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) II. 8.
Rxb. This cannie year will mak' ye braw, RUICKBIE Cottager (1807!
185 Gall. Birsay steals nane, stealin's no canny ! CROCKETT Moss
Hags (1895) xxiii.
302
CANNY
[508]
CANNY
4. Frugal, saving, moderate, sparing.
Sc. She held her ain, And selled a canny gill, Ballads (1885) 49.
Rnf. He had been what is called a ' canny, shrewd Scotchman,'
and had accumulated a large fortune, MACDOHALI} Settlement (1869)
173. Ayr. I never was canny for hoarding o' money, BURNS
Tarbolton Lasses. Lnk. Whate'er he wins, I'll guide with canny
care, RAMSAY Poems (ed. 1800) II. 82 QAM.). Gall. A cotman's
canny fee, HARPER Bards (ed. 1889) 149. Nhb. The expense is
se canny, Tyneside Sngstr. (1889) 67 ; Nhb.1 To get us a canny bit
leevin , MIDFORD Pitman's Crtshp. (1818). Be canny wi' the sugar.
Cum. ' Be canny wi' the sugar' was sometimes seen lettered on glass
sugar-basins at country inns (M.P.) ; Cum.3 'Be cannie wi' the
cream,' a common legend on tea-ware. m.Yks.1
5. Gentle, quiet, steady, careful.
Sc. A canny horse, Monthly Mag. (1798) II. 437 ; I am just ane
o' those canny folks wha care not to fight, SCOTT Rob Roy (1817)
ix. Rnf. Pit Peg in the kig [gig], as she's gey canny, an' kens the
road, MACDONALD Settlement (.1869) 73 ; Bid . . . Death Lay canny
haun on Peggie's heart, YOUNG Pictures (1865) 27. Ayr. The
servants are stoot kimmers, and are never canny wi' the delf,
JOHNSTON Kilmallie (1891) I. 82. Lth. The canny way's the best
way, after a', STRATHESK Blinkbonny (ed. 1891) 145. Bwk. The
gude-man — a poor, simple, canny body, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes
(1856) 81. Gall. Neither Mistress Allison that was a baillie's wife,
nor yet Mistress MacWhirter, were canny women with their
tongues, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) iv. e.Dur.1 A child is told to
be ' canny ' with a jug, a baby, or other perishable article en-
trusted to him. A juvenile letter at Shields was inscribed on
the envelope, ' Please, Mr. Postman, be canny with this letter.'
Cum.1, ne.Yks.1 n. & e.Yks. Noo be canny er else thoo'l bi
brecking summat (W.H.).
6. Agreeable, pleasant, nice, good ; comely, dainty.
Applied as a gen. term of approbation or affection to
persons and things.
Sc. Of one in easy circumstances : ' He has a braw canny seat '
(JAM.). nw.Abd. We hae an unco canny laft For haddin orra
trock, Goodwife (1867) st. 6. Kcd. Faur ever am I gyaun bairns?
Nae canny gait I doot, GRANT Lays (1884] 5. Ayr. Sca'din's no a
cannything, JOHNSTON Glenbuckie (1889) 100; Couthie fortune, kind
and cannie, BURNS To Terraughty. Lnk. Whaever by his canny
fate, Is master of a good estate, RAMSAY Poems (ed. 1800) I. 83
(JAM.). Slk. I kend your father well — he's a good cannie man,
HOGG Tales (1838) 74, ed. 1866. Gall. Gathering in the canny
siller as none of the Fenwicks had done, CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle
(1895)49. n.Cy. i^K.); GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.12 Nhb. Canny
Newcastle, Denham Tracts (ed. 1892) I. 309; Sic wonders there
happens iv wor canny toun, OLIVER Sngs. (1824) 5 ; O, my sweet
laddie, My cannie keel laddie, Se handsum, se canty, and free,
O! ROBSON Sandgate Lassie ic. 1812) in ALLAN Coll. ',1891) 115 ;
Nhb.1 The highest compliment that can be paid to any person is to
say that he or she is canny. All that is good and loveable in man
or woman is covered by the expression, ' Eh, what a canny body ! '
A child appealing for help or protection always addresses his
elder as ' canny man.' ' Please, canny man, gi's a lift i' yor cairt.'
The fishwife who wishes to compliment her customer says, ' Noo,
canny-hinny, see what yor buyin'.' e.Dur.1 A ' canny littie body '
would be a dapper little person, with some notion of briskness and
neatness. Cum. To meake my canny lass a leady gay, RELPH
Poems (1747) Haytime; Tom Linton was bworn till a brave canny
fortune, ANDERSON Ballads \e.A. 1881) 46 ; Cannie auldCummerland
(J.Ar.) ; Cum.1 Canny Bob ! lig at him till he giz in. Canny come off,
a ludicrous and unexpected turn of affairs ; Cum.3 Wm. What canny
stwories I'll to Betty tell, GRAHAM Guiordy ^778) 1. 89 ; We hev a
conny lile pig ortwa,S/>«c..Dia/.(ed. 1872)1; Acannyauldwife(B.K.).
Yks.A konny thing, THORESBY Lett. (1703). n. Yks. They'r canny
soort a fooaks to live aside i^W.H.) ; There's sike a canny house te
let, TWEDDELL Clevel. Rhymes (1875) 22 ; n.Yks.1 A canny spot ;
n.Yks.2 She's conny beeath te feeace an te follow. At connier
hand [more conveniently situated]. In canny trim ; n.Yks.3
ne.Yks.1 Often used after 'lahtle.' Sha's a lahtle conny body. e.Yks.
MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788) ; That conny lahtle bayn can run
abootlike a two-year-awd, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. ( 1889) 95 ; e.Yks.1
Combined gen., but not necessarily, with diminutiveness. m-Yks.1
A diminutive expressive of endearment, and usually joined to
'little.' A conny wee thing. w.Yks. HUTTON Tour to Caves
(1781) ; It's been a conny soop o' ram (F.P.T.) ; w.Yks.1 ; w.Yks.2
kon'ilit'l wum'unuz evur aan'ibdi neyd sey [A conny little woman
as ever annybody neid sey]. Der.1 Lin. Yes, it's conny for that
[in reply to an admirer of a thatched roof], N. & Q. (1882) 6th S.
vi. 146. n. Lin. She's conny enif noo, bud she'll be a poor cram'lin*
thing like me if she lives long enif (M.P.) ; n.Lin.1. Lei.1
Hence (i) Cannily, adv. cautiously, skilfully, carefully,
gently, well ; (2) Canny-Nanny, sb. a small stingless
humble-bee ; (3) Canniness, so. caution, fitness, good
conduct in general ; (4) Cannie-wife, sb. a midwife (cp.
Fr. sage-femme). •
(i) Sc. Pit the twa gentlemen cannilly into the pit o' the Tower,
Scorr Leg. Mont. (1818) iv. Abd. I'll stap out right cannily, And
nane sail ken, COCK Strains (1810) I. 117. Fif. Life must be taken
cannily, ROBERTSON Provost (1894) 18. Ayr. I cannily replied that
I had no time for governing, GALT Provost (1822) ii ; The birkie
wants a Manse, So cannilie he hums them, BURNS Holy Fair (1785;
st. 17. Lth. Slip cannily awa', I'll ne'er let on, SMITH Merry
Bridal (1866) 53. Nhb. Willy an" Jimmy work'd away tegither
varry cannilly, Keelmin's A nn. (1869) 10; Nhb.' Gan cannily doon
the stair. Aa hope ye may aal get cannily hyem. Dur. l Cum.1;
Cum.3 I's gan to eddle me five shillings cannily, 2. Wm. We dud
varra connoly, WHEELEK Dial. (1790) 18. n-Yks.1 ; n, Yks.2 That's
cannily deean [cleverly managed] ; n.Yks.3 ne.Yks.1 He man-
nished cannily eneeaf. e.Yks.1 w.Yks. WILLAN List Wds. (1811).
ne-Lan.1 (2) Nhb.1 (3) Sc. (JAM.), N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 n.Yks. There's
neea cannyness about it (I.W.). (4) Sc. Weel, sister, I'm glad to
see you sae weel recovered ; wha was your canny- wife? Campbell
(1819) I. 14 (JAM.) ; When the pangs of the mother seized his
beloved wife, a servant was ordered to fetch the cannie wife across
the Nith, CROMEK Nithsdale Sng. (1810) (JAM.).
7. Of quantity, time, distance, &c. : considerable, fair.
Nhb. Gav him a kick, An' a canny bit kind of a fally-o, A'.
Minstrel (1806-7) P'- lv. 80; Nhb.1 Aa've steudin' here a canny
bit. He wis a canny bit aheed on us. Was thor mony at the
meetin' the day ? — Wey, a canny few. e.Dnr. It'll tak' a canny
bit. s.Dur. She's a canny bit better. Cum. A canny few fathoms,
hoo far I can't tell, RICHARDSON Talk (1876) 88 ; Cum.1 A canny bit
better. Wm. We have a canny long journey yet (B.K.). n.Yks.1
That farm cost a conny lot o' brass; n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1 There'll be
a canny bit on't left. e.Yks.1 What a conny bit thoo's gin ma !
[said satirically]. Lan.1 n.Lan. 3 koni Iok(W.S.l; n-Lan.1 There's
a conny lock on 'em throng i' t'hay field owerbye. ne.Lan.1
Hence Cannyish, adj. moderate, fair-sized.
n-Yks.1 A cannyish bit o' ground. She brow't him a cannyish lot
o' gear. ne.Yks.1
8. adv. Gently, carefully, quietly, steadily. Also in phr.
to ca' canny, to ' go slow.' See Call, v.1 IV, 5 (5).
Sc. The troddlin burnie i* the glen, Glides cannie o'er its peebles
sma', TARRAS Poems (1804) 82 ; He sits very canny [is in easy
circumstances (JAM.); Canny now, lads, canny now! SCOTT
Antiquary (1816) viii. Abd. Aye he took a' thing sae kin'ly an'
canny, OGG Willie Waly (1873) 59 ; Our parish howdie, Wha did
her jobs sae freely canny, SHiRREFsPof»«s(i79o) 266. Kcd. Stagger
canny up the stair, BURNESS Garron Ha' (c. 1820) 1. 411. Frf.
Ye'll crack awa' doucely an' canny, LAING Wayside Flwrs. (1846)
138 ; It's a peety she canna tak things cannier, BARRIE Thrums
(1889) 21. Dmb. It's a thoosand pities he fell sae canny, CROSS
Disruption (ed. 1877) x. Rnf. [They] rung the bell— canny, NEILSON
Poems (1877) 61. Ayr. We maun ca' canny mony a day yet before
we think of dignities, GALT Provost (1822) ii ; Speak her fair, An'
straik her cannie wi' the hair, BURNS Author's Earnest Cry (1786).
Lnk. Juist sat canny whaur their forbears had sat afore, HUNTER
J. Inwick (1895) 14. Lth. Better creepin' cannie as fa'in wi' a bang,
BALLANTINE Poems (1856) 63. e.Lth. Drive canny, till I see them,
MUCKLEBACKIT Rhymes (1885) 170. Cav. Carry them eggs connie
(M.S.M.). Nhb. Ef thoo'll oney sit canny an' still, ROBSON
Evangeline (1870) 335 ; Nhb.1 Gan canny. Thoo syun may lairn To
say dada se canny, NUNN (c. 1853) Sandgate Wife. Cum. They
brought him varra canny up, BLAMIRE Poems (ed. 1842) 216.
n-Yks.1 Gan canny, man!
9. Fairly, tolerably.
Wm. We are canny near home (B.K.).
10. int. Dear ! Bless me ! Also used as a term of
familiar address.
Yks. Whars ta bin, Conny? N. & Q. (1882) 6th S. vi. 477.
n.Yks.3 It's a fine day, Conny. — Ey, Conny. m.Yks.1 An expres-
sion of mock-bewilderment. Conny, bairns !
[1. The fatter benifices ar al amaist distributed cheiflie
to nobil menis sones ... to wit, quha appeiris to haue the
counsel maist cunning, cumlie, and cannie, DALRYMPLE
CANON BREAD
[509]
CANT
Leslies Hist. Scot. (1596) I. 108. 6. (i) Sa honorable he
was in armes, . . . sa cannilie could handle al kynd of
wapne, ib. II. 102.]
CANON BREAD, phr. Obs. Dev. Bread given to the
Mayor and Aldermen of Exeter, as a customary allow-
ance.
Dev. 1424. Canon bread and wine first given to the Mayor and
officers, against the feasts of Christmas and Easter, IZACKE Mem.
City Exeter (1677) 74 ; GROSE (1790) MS. add. (H.)
CANOODLE, sb. Som. A donkey; also applied to
persons.
w.Som. AT. &Q. (1879) sth S. xi. 197. e.Som. Used alsoj^. of
one who makes love foolishly or ' spooneys ' (G.S.). [Not known
to our correspondents in w.Som.]
CANORUMS, sb. pi. Cor. Also written conurams,
conorams. A nickname for the Wesleyans.
Cor. THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) Gl. w.Cor. There is
a new found out religion Come down in the county of late ; They
go by the name of Conoraums Or Methodies, wichey you will,
Doggrel by Ann Harris of Redruth (c. 1780); When the first
organ was introduced into the Wesleyan chapel, Penzance,
a local poem was written called the Canorum Conclave (M.A.C.).
Cor.3
CANS, see Can, v.
CANSAIT, see Conceit.
CANSE, v. Obs. ? Dmf. (JAM.) To speak in a pert
and saucy style. Hence Cansie, adj. pert. [Not known
to our correspondents.]
CANSER, CANSEY, see Caunsey.
CANSH, see Canch.
CANSHIE, adj. Obs.1 Bwk. (JAM.) Cross, ill-
humoured. [Not known to our correspondents.]
CANSTICK, sb. Brks. [karnstik.] A candlestick.
See Kit-of-the-Candlestick.
Brks. I put it in the tinnen canstick (C.W.).
[A brazen canstick (candlestick, in ed. 1623), SHAKS.
(1596) i Hen. IV, m. i. 131, see SCHMIDT.]
CANSY, see Caunsey.
CANT, v.1 and sb.1 Sc. Irel. Yks. Chs. Der. Lin. Lei.
Nhp. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Bdf. Hnt. Cor. [kant,
ksent.]
1. v. To sing ; to speak in recitative. (JAM.)
Sc. Gen. applied to preachers, who deliver their discourses in
this manner. Abd. [Birds] Canting fu' cheerfu' at their morning
mang, Ross Helenore (1768) 59.
2. To talk, gossip ; to tell tales, backbite, slander ; to
scold.
Sc. HERD Sngs. (1776) Gl. Ayr. PICKEN Poems (1778) Gl.
(JAM.) s.Chs.', War.2 w.Wor.1, s.Wor.1 Shr.1 That keeper's
al'ays cantin' to the Squire about somebody. Hrf.12, Glo.1, Cor.3
Hence (i) Canter, sb. a slanderer; (2) Canting, (a)
ppl. adj., (b) vbl. sb. gossiping, tale-bearing ; (3) Canting-
quarter, sb. the time from Candlemas Day to May Day ;
see below.
(i) Glo.1 He's a regular canter, (a, a) s.Chs.1 U tae-rbl ky'aan'tin
wunrun. (6) Chs.1 Come i'th haise, an' dunna stond cantin' theer.
s.Chs.1 Naay, du)nu yoa- goa- ky'aan-tin tu)th gy'aa-fur. Der.2,
nw.Der.1 War., Wor. It 'ud be better if 'er 'ud stay at home
and mind 'er children, instead of going canting about (H.K.).
Bdf. (J.W.B.) (3) Shr.1 Kan-tin kwaur'tur. Candlemas is the
beginning of the ' laying season ' in the poultry-yard, and about
the same time farm-house servants are ' hired for May.' These
events give rise to much chit-chat, or cant, amongst the housewives.
' Does your goose lay ? Does your maid stay ? '
3. To deceive by pious pretences ; to coax, wheedle ; to
humour, pet, make much of.
Chs.1, n-Lln.1 swXin.1 How she does cant that bairn up ! She's
so canted up at home. Lei.1 The pony'll be quiet enough when
he's been canted a bit.
Hence (i) Canter, sb. a beggar; one who deceives by
false pretences; (2) Canting, (a) vbl. sb. wheedling,
coaxing ; (b) ppl. adj. saucy, pert.
(i) Sc. Canters, gaberlunzies, and such like mendicants, SCOTT
Waverley (1814" xiv. n-Lin.1 Moast foaks calls 'em ranters, I call
'em canters, (a, a) w.Yks. Dunnut coam here o' cantin me up
(D.L.). Chs.1 Nay, dunna thee come cantin' here, for oi shanna
gieitthe. n.Lin.1, Nhp.1, Hnt. (T.P.F.) (b) War.2, s.War.1
4. sb. Speaking in recitative. Sc. (JAM.)
5. Gossip, tattle ; merry tales ; malicious talk.
Ayr. Ye hae sae mony cracks an' cants, BURNS Ep. J. Rankine.
s.Chs.1 It)s u rae-r tahym fur ky'aan't wen dhjuwd winvin
kumn aayt u chaap-il [It's a rare time for cant when th' owd
women com'n ait o' chapel]. It)s nuwt bu ky'aan-t. War.23
Shr.1 'Er's never athout some cant to tellyo' on, go6w'en yo' will.
Shr., Hrf. BOUND Prov. (1876).
6. A tattler, gossip, tale-bearer.
Chs.1 Go's an owd cant, that's what oo is. War.2 Shr.1 'Er's
a reg'lar owd cant. Shr., Hrf. BOUND Prov. (1876).
7. A hackneyed expression, a phrase in freq. use. Cf.
by-word.
Ir. Common (P.W.J.) ; (J.F.) Wxf. I tell God's truth (that,
sir, is a cant with the Courtnacuddy children), KENNEDY Banks
Boro (1867) 105.
CANT, sb.2 and v.2 Irel. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Also written
kent Dwn. [kant.]
1. sb. A sale by auction.
s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890). Cav. (M.S.M.), Wmh. (W.M.)
n.Cy. To be sold by cant, GROSE (1790). n.Yks.2
2. Comp. Cant-master, an auctioneer.
s.Don., Man. SIMMONS Gl. (1890).
3. v. To sell by auction.
Ir. He ... canted all we had at half price and turned us to
starve upon the world, CARLETON Fardorougha (1848) iii ; They
were everywhere canting their land upon short leases, SWIFT
Proposal (1720). N.I.1, Dwn. (C.H.W.) s.Ir. He'll cant every
ha'perth we have, CROKER Leg. (1862) 312. Tip. Every haporth
upon the lands and in the house was canted, HALL Irel. (1841)
11.75. n.Cy. GROSE (1790); N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Dur. GIBSON Up-
Weardale Gl. (1870) ; Dur.1
Hence (i) Canting, vbl. sb. a sale by auction; (2)
Canting-caller, sb. an auctioneer.
(i) N.Cy.1, Nhb.1, Dnr.1 n.Yks. It wad be a good thing if we
wer te hev a cantin'— sell all up, TWEDDELL Clevel. Rhymes (1866)
85 ; n.Yks.1 ; n. Yks.2 We will call a canting. ' A cannle-canting,'
when articles were appraised until a candle burned down to
a certain mark, and the highest bidder got the bargain, the candle
now being superseded by the sand-glass. In country districts,
where people had to come from long distances to church, sales, it
is said, were wont to be announced after divine service, (a)
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
[1. Cp. Fr. encant, vendre a Fencant, to sell by port-sale,
or outrope (CoxGR.). OFr. inquant, MLat. in quantum,
for how much ; see HATZFELD (s.v. encan).]
CANT, sb? and v.3 Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Also written caunt Cor.3 ; kent se.Wor.1
1. sb. A corner, esp. of a field ; a triangular piece of
wood.
N.Cy.1, Suf.1 Ken. GROSE (1790); LEWIS/. Tenel(i^6); Ken.2,
Sus.1
2. An angle greater than a right angle. Nhb.1
3. A bevel ; a slope ; the sloping edge of a buttress, &c.
Nhb.1 Wm. The cant was put on the wrong side and the
engine came off the road (B.K.). w.Yks.2 A man who was hang-
ing a picture so as to project from the wall, said, ' Is the cant or
slope of it right ?' nXln.1, Nhp.1
4. The turn given to a scale-beam in weighing.
Nhb.1 In the thrifty marketing of the pitman, the pound of sugar
is described as ' in quarter pounds ' in order to secure four cants of
the scale in weighing, WILSON Pitman's Pay (1843) pt. i. note.
5. A see-saw. Hence to eo canting, to ride on a see-saw.
Ken. (P.M.)
6. A jerk, turn to one side ; a push, throw, fall.
n.Sc. (JAM.) Nhb.1 If the tram had gi'en a cant, 'twad flung
the maister oot. w.Cum. Dhat tri's gitan a kant uar ta t'ia said
(W.S.). Nhp.1 e.An.1 He gave it a cant, into the window, or
over the wall. Nrf.1 Ken. LEWIS /. Tenet (1736); (P.M.);
Ken.1 I gave him a cant, jus' for a bit of fun, and fancy he jus was
spiteful, and called me over, he did ; Ken.2 Dev. , Cor. Monthly
Mag. (1808) II. 544. Cor. I knocked ma cheens agen the scoanse.
. . . It were an awkward cant, J. TRENOODLE Spec. Dial. (1846) 41;
Cor.12
7. Comb, (i) Cant-and-cross, a file with a tapering edge;
(2) -corner, the corner of a field ; (3) -cornered, not at
right angles, oblique; (4) -dog, (5) -hook, a handspike
with a hook, used for turning over large pieces of timber;
(6) -rail, a triangular rail; (7) -window, a bay window
with bevelled angles.
CANT
CANTERBURY
(i)w.Yks.1 (3) war. (J.R.W.),Hrf.i (3)Der.2, War. (J.R.W.)
(4) N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 [Can. The drivers travel along with . . . cant-
dogs, to keep the logs moving and to start them when they are
jammed, Eng. Illust. Mag. (Sept. 1892) 884.] (5) s.Don. SIMMONS
Gl. (1890). n.Lin.1, Nhp.1, se.Wor.1 (6) Nhp.1 e.An.1 Two are
cut from a square piece of timber sawn diagonally. Suf.1 (7)
n.Lin.1 Lei.1 Disting. from a ' bow-window,' which projects in
a curve. Nhp.1, War.3, Ken. (D.W.L.)
8. v. To cut diagonally ; to take off an edge or corner ;
to bevel. Nhb.1, w.Yks.1, n.Lin.1, Nhp.1
9. To set on edge, tilt up ; also intrans. to lean to one side.
Sc. (JAM.) s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890). Nhb.1, Cum. (J.Ar.),
w.Cum. (W.S.) Lan. DAVIES Races (1856) 277. Not. (J.H.B.)
Lin. We'll have to rush for'ard as she [a smack] grazes and cant
her' over, MILLER & SKERTCHLY Fen/and (1878) viii. n.Lin.1,
sw.Lin.1, Nhp.1, Hrf.2, e.An.1, Nrf.1, Hmp.1 w.Som.1 To turnover,
as in rolling a log of timber, or a block of stone. Here, Jim ! lend
a hand wi't, vor to cant this here piece — we baint men enough by
ourzels. Cor.1 Cant up the bottle ; Cor.8 Caunt the pole a little to
the right. The scaffolding caunted to the right and then fell.
Hence (i) Canted, ppl. adj. tilted, set in a sloping
direction ; see Acant ; (2) Canter, sb. a timber-carrier ;
(3) Canting, (a) vbl. sb. setting up on edge ; (b) athwart,
tilted ; (4) Canting-dog, sb., see Cant-dog.
(i) Nhp.1 A canted grate. Cor.3 (2) n.Yks.2 One who brings
' bauks ' or tree-trunks from the woods to the ship-yards. (3, a)
Lan. Canting a vessel, GASKELL Lectures Dial. (1854) 13. (b) Cor.8
(4) w.Som.1 Kan'teen-duug.
10. To turn upside down, upset ; to throw with a jerk,
to toss.
Sc. That spray of a bramble has . . . nearly canted my wig into
the stream, SCOTT Antiquary (1816) xvii. s.Sc. Johnny and his
wife were floundering in the water, having been fairly canted in,
WILSON Tales (1839) V. 88. N.Cy.1 e.Dur.1 It canted owre.
Cum.1 s.Chs. Iv yi dun)u mahynd, dhis 16oud)l ky'aan't oa-r [if
ye dunna mind, this looad 'ull cant o'er] (T.D.). Nhp.1, Glo.12,
e.An.1, Nrf.1 Ken. He was canted out of the chaise, GROSE (,1790) ;
(P.M.) ; Ken.1 The form canted up, and over we went. Sur.1
Sus. Canting back the abraded soil, HOSKYNS Talpa ( 1857 ') 203 ;
Sus.1 The cart canted over and he was canted out into the road ;
Sus.2, Hmp.1
Hence Canty, adj. on the point of falling, liable to be
upset. n.Yks. (I.W.)
11. To move about jauntily.
e.Yks.1 Awd woman gans cantin aboot like a young lass.
[1. Irene, or Peace, she was placed aloft in a cant,
JONSON James 1's Entertainment (1603), ed. Cunningham,
II. 562. Cp. Du. kant, edge, brink, EFris. kante, kant,
edge, corner (KOOLMAN) ; OFr. cant, corner (mod. champ),
see HATZFELD (s.v. Chant, 2) ; cp. Fr. dial. (Bearnais) cant
(LESPY). 8. Cp. Du. kanfen, to cut edges or corners
(HEXHAM). 9. EFris. kanten, 'etwas auf die Seite legen'
(KOOLMAN).]
CANT, sb.* and v* Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp. [kaent]
1. sb. A division or portion into which a field is divided
for reaping, &c. ; a portion of arable woodland.
Ken. They have got five cants of wheat down (D.W.L.) ; (P.M.) ;
(H.M.) ; Ken.1 ; Ken.2 When a wood is thrown into fellets, or a
field of wheat dispos'd into parts to be hired out to the reapers,
they call them cants. Sur.1 Sus. He has got a job of wood-
cutting in the top cant of Rolfs Gill, EGERTON Flk. and Ways
(1884) !37; Sus.1 a
2. A slice out of a haystack ; a portion ; a cut or joint of
meat.
Ken. I aint so much as begun a cant of hay yet, it's all to do
(W.H.E.) ; Cut a cant out of the haystack for the horses (H.W.);
The butcher has sent me a very bony cant (H.M.) ; Obs. 1803.
Oct. 14. Paid Mr. Burgit for a cant of beef, £i 55. 8d., Maylam
Farm Ace. (P.M.) Sus.1, Hmp. (HALL.)
3. Comp. (i) Cant-book, see below; (2) -furrow, a
divisional furrow.
(i) Ken.1 Every farm-bailiff has his cant-book for harvest, in
which the measurements of the cants appear, and the prices paid
for cutting each of them. (2) Ken. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863) ;
Ken.1 Every farm-bailiff draws his cant-furrows through the
growing corn in the spring.
4. v. To let out land to mow, hoe, &c.
Ken. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
6. In phr. to cant out, to divide a field or wood into ' cants.'
Ken. (P.M.)
[Cp. MDu. kant, a piece, portion, a district of land, a
piece of bread (VERDAM).]
CANT, sb.s Irel. A long stick or staff. See Quant.
Ir. In his hand he carried a long cant spiked at the lower end,
CARLETON Trails Peas. (1843) I. 336. s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890).
CANT, adj. and f.5 Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der.
[kant.]
1. adj. Brisk, vigorous, hale and hearty, esp. of old
persons ; merry, cheerful, talkative. Cf. canty.
Cum. He could spin a lang yarn aboot a thing, an' he was cant
an' comical, WAUGH Rambles in Lake Cy. (1861) vi. Wm. He's
gaily cant, gangin' aboot like a three year auld (B.K.1. w.Yks.
Th' wife's a raight cant body, and as clean ! BRONTE Shirley (1849)
ix ; (S.P.U.) ; Isn't she a cant old woman, you'll find few with as
much talk at her age (M.N.) ; w.Yks.1 Shoe hods mitch at yan
like, cant an deftly i' th' mornin, ii. 291 ; w.Yks.8 He's pretty
cant for an old man. Lan. Hoo is yon — as cant as a kittin', WAUGH
Sneck-Bant (1868) iv ; [Said of a hale person of 70 years :] If he
had not had a good wife, he would not have looked so ' cant,' Chs.
N. & Q. (1882) II. 135 ; Lan.1, ne.Lan.1, e.Lan.1, m.Lan.1 Chs.
Very cant, God yield you! RAY (1691) ; (K.); BAILEY (1721);
GROSE (1790) ; Chs.128 Der.1 Spoken chiefly on a person's re-
covering in an illness. Also called Crank, q.v.
2. v. Obs. To recover or grow strong after sickness.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.2; BAILEY (1721). w.Yks.1
Hence Canting, vbl. sb. recovery, esp. of a woman after
confinement
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). Yks. A health to the goodwive's canting,
RAY (1691). Chs.3
SI. Cant, validus, vividus, vegetus, COLES (1679) ; Knightes
kene, & cant men of wille, Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 2267.
2. To cant (recover), convalesce, sanesco (post puerperium),
COLES (1679). Cp. EFris. kant, neat, pretty, ready
(KOOLMAN).]
CANT, v.a n.Sc. (JAM.) To ride at a hand-gallop,
canter. [Not known to our correspondents.]
CANT, sb? Obs.'! Sc. An illusion. [Not known to
our correspondents.]
n.Sc. Williy's wisp wi" whirlin' cant Their blazes ca', That's
nought but vapours frae a stank, MORISON Poems (1790) 38 (JAM.).
CANT, sb.7 n.Sc. A trick, a bad habit.
n.Sc. Still in use (W.C.I. Abd. An auld cant, an ancient
traditionary custom (JAM.).
CANT, sb.B Cor. In phr. a cant of a way, a long way.
Cor.12; Cor.3 Used as implying that the distance was unex-
pectedly long, especially by a mistake in the way.
CANT, sb.B Obs. n.Cy. (K.) A company or great
number.
CANT, see Count.
CANTANKERED, adj. Wm. Cross-grained, cantan-
kerous.
Wm. As cross an old chiel, and as cantankered a soul as ever
lived, CLOSE Leg. and Tales (1862) 30 ; Wm.1
CANTEEN, sb. Nhb. Dur. Also Ken. A small flat
wooden barrel, containing about half a gallon, in which
a pitman carries water or coffee ; a can for liquids.
Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849). Ken. I
milk canteen, i yest canteen, Pluckley Vestry Bk. (1793) ; Obs.
(P.M.)
CANTEL, see Cantle, sb.1
CANTER, sb.1 Nhb.1 fka'ntar.] Old milk cheese.
CANTER, sb* Nhp. Bdf. [k»-nta(r).] A pint or
quart jug.
Nhp.1 Bdf. (J. W.B.) ; Ale is sold at the public-houses by mugs,
pots, tankards, and canters. . . . The three latter names are
applied to the larger measure or quart, BATCHELOR Agric. (1813)
592-
CANTER, v. Yks. [ka'nta(r).] To scold, 'nag,'
grumble. Cf. chunter.
n.Yks. He's awlus canterin' on (I.W.).
Hence Cantery, adj. grumbling, churlish.
n.Yks. He's a cantery awd fella (I.W.).
CANTERBURY, sb. Nrf. Sus.
1. A gossip, busybody.
Sus. An old Canterbury (J.W.B.) ; Used round Chichester
(G.A.W.).
CANTHRIF
CANTRIP
2. In comb, (i) Canterbury bells, Cardatnine pratensis,
lady-smock ; (2) — hoe, a kind of spud.
(i) Nrf. (a> Sus. A two-spean spud, or Canterbury hoe, with
points instead of a broad blade, JEFFERIES Hdgrw. (.18891 79.
CANTHRIF, sb. Yks. A body of people, a class.
n.Yks.2 I'll whallop the whooal canthrif [fight the entire lot].
[The same word as cantref. Cantredor cantref( Welsh),
a particular division of a country in Wales, PHILLIPS (1706).
Cf. cantred.]
CANTLAX, sb. Wm. A silly, giddy woman.
Wm. She's a gurt cantlax (B.K.). [Not known to our other
correspondents. ]
CANTLE, sb.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Shr. Hit. Suf.
Ken. Som. Also written cantel Shr.1 Ken.1 [ka'ntl,
kse-ntl.]
1. A corner, projection ; the corner of a field.
Sc. In the dexter cantle of the shield, SCOTT Waverley (1814) 1.
Ir. In a cantle o' the wall I seen an ould woman, YEATS Fit-Tales
(1888) 109. Hrf.i A cantle of a field.
Hence Cantlin, sb. a corner ; the chine of a cask or
adze. Ayr. (JAM.)
2. A triangular rail. Cf. cant-rail. Suf.1
3. A fragment, piece ; a slice of bread, cheese, &c.
Sc. The apprizer . . . cut the family out of another monstrous
cantle of their remaining property, SCOTT Guy M. ^1815) II. ii;
A huge cantle of what had once been a princely mutton pasty, ib.
Redg. .1824) Lett, xx ; A cantle o' the rock hungowre us. A cantle
o' cheese (JAM. Suppl.~). Lan.1 Shr.1 Obsol. We mun bake to-
morrow, I see, as theer's on'y one loaf an' a bit of a cantel as'll
'ardly see breakfast o'er. Hrf. DUNCUMB Hist. Hrf. (1804-12);
Hrf.1 Ken. Obs. (P.M.) ; Ken.1 A cantel of wood, bread, cheese. &c.
w.Som.1 Always used for slices cut from a cheese. Plai'z, muum,
tu spae-ur mau'dhur u kan-tl u chee~z please, ma'am, to spare
mother a cantle of cheese].
4. In phr. the cantle o' the causey, the best part of the
road or footpath. See Causey.
Sc. When he's fou he's stout and saucy, Keeps the cantle o' the
causey, SCOTT Donald Caird (1818).
5. The leg of a lamb or other young animal.
Frf. STEPHENS Farm Bk. (ed. 1849) I. 593. w.Yks. WILLAN
List Wds. (1811).
6. An indefinite number or quantity. Cf. cant, sb.*
Ken. We say a cantell of people or cattle. To sell by cantell
was an old custom of selling by the lump without tale or measure,
KENNETT Par. Antiq. (1695) ; Ken.1
7. The protuberant part at the back of a saddle, the
hind-bow.
Gall. I lingered . . . till he should ride forth upon his great
black horse, that he might catch me up beside him on the cantle,
CROCKETT Moss Hags (1895) i. Hrf.2, Ken. (P.M.)
8. The crown of the head ; see also below.
Sc. I clawed his cantle to some purpose with my hearth-besom,
SCOTT St. Ronan (1824) xiv. Per. The wife wad be for pu'in
the wig affmy cantle, CLELAND Inchbracken (1883) 149, ed. 1887.
e.Lth. They wad tak saxty days wi' pleesure juist to gie him ane
ower the cantle wi' a palin'-stab, HUNTER /. Jnwick (1895) 108.
Rxb. Wi' cuffs an' clours upo' my cantle, A. SCOTT Poems (ed.
1808 46; The thick, fleshy part behind the ear in a tup's head :
considered as a delicacy (JAM.). N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
8. The head of a cask. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
Hence Cantle-piece, sb. that part of the end of a cask
into which the tap is driven. Nhb. (HALL.) ; Nhb.1
[L The cantelle of the clere schelde he kerfes in
sondyre, Morte Arth. (c. 1420) 4231, ed. Brock, 125. 3.
Liron de pain, a little gobbet, luncheon, or cantle of bread,
COTGR. ; A cantel, pars, portio, LEVINS Manip. (1570). 7.
The saddle is furnished without any tree, yet hath it
cantle and bolsters, DEKKER Belman (1608) sig. G 3.
OFr. (Picard) cantel, the same as Fr. chanleau, a corner-
liece, or piece broken off from the corner, hence, a cantel
>f bread, £c. (COTGR.).]
CANTLE, sb? Lan. Chs. Der. Shr. [ka'nti.] A
canful. Cf. basketle, bucketle.
Lan.1 Chs.1 Ahr parson's missis is a stingy un ; oo nobbur gen
me afe a cantle o' soup. s.Chs.1 Ky'aan'tl. nw-Der.1 Shr.1
Obsol. Han' 'ee 'ad a ' Tummasin ' this time ? — Most o' the good
owd 'ouse-keepers gid'n us a cantle for every one.
CANTLE, v. Sc. Yks.
1. To tilt up ; to fall over.
Ayr. J.F.) w.Yks.2 Now mind it doesn't cantle.
2. To erect, set on a height. Hence Cantled, ppl. adj.
set aloft, perched up.
Ayr. (J.F.) Lth. Lo, the Kirk ! sae heichly cantled On its
knowe, LUMSDEN Sheep-head (1892} 129.
3. Fig. in phr. to cantle up, to brighten up, bestir oneself;
to recover health.
Abd. Johnny Gibb's fairly cantl't up again, ALEXANDER Johnny
Gibb (1871) xlix; Sandy spak back in a wye to gar the body
cantle up, ib. xvii ; Very rarely used without ' up ' (P.G.).
CANTLEBONE, sb. Som. Dev. The collar-bone ; the
projecting vertebra at the base of the neck ; the lowest of
the vertebrae. Cf. cannel-bone.
w.Som.1 Sometimes called the ' cantle-bone of the neck.' Applied
to other parts of the body : Darn'd if I didn think he'd a-brokt the
kantl boo'un o' my ass. n.Dev. Tha wut net break the cantlebone
o' thy tether eend, Exm. Scold. (1746) L 280.
CANTLING, sb. Yks. Rut. A light joist or narrow
strip of wood. Also called Scantling.
w.Yks.2 Rut.1 To 15 foot of cantlen ... 2s. 6d., Church Ace.
(1751) (s.v. Scantling).
[A vessell . . . which hee shall cause to be set vpon a
cantling, MARKHAM Countrey Farme (1616) 6n.]
CANTON, sb. and v. Obs. Sc.
1. sb. An angle, corner.
Sc. Made the enclosure of the Colledge disproportional, wanting
a canton upon that quarter, CRAUFURD Univ. Edb. (1808) 129 (JAM.).
2. v. To divide, split up.
Lnk. Sixty-eight presbyteries, which are again canton'd into
fourteen synods, WODROW Church Hist. (ed. 1828) I. 63. [KEN-
NETT Par. Antiq. (1695).]
CANTOR, sb. Cor.12 (s.v. Cader.) A small frame of
wood on which a fisherman keeps his line.
CANTRED, sb. Irel. Also in form cantrell. A
measure of land. Cf. canthrif.
w.Ir. Nigh upon two cantrells of land he rented, not a foot less,
LAWLESS Crania (1892) I. vi. Wxf. Several cantreds of land,
KENNEDY Even. Duffrey (1869) 253.
CANTRIP, sb., v. and adj. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Also
written cantraip Bwk. ; cantrap n.Cy. Nhb.1 [ka'ntrip.]
1. sb. A magic spell or incantation, a charm ; a witch's
trick.
Sc. Sic benison will sain ye still Frae cantrip, elf, and quarter
ill, CHAMBERS Sngs. (1829) 11.517; Are ye casting yer cantrips in
the very kirkyard, to mischieve the bride and bridegroom, SCOTT
Bride of Lam. (1819) xxxiv. Abd. Some cantrip-castin' cock, wha
spells can read, SHIRREFS Poems (1790) 75. Frf. A muckle black
beuk Frae whilk she there gathers o' baith cantrip an' spell, WATT
Poet. Sketches (1880) 75. Fif. Ane goddess . . . Down frae the sky
come linkin', And cast her cantrip owr her knicht, TENNANT
Papistry (1827) 147. Ayr. By some devilish cantraip slight, BURNS
Tarn o Shanter (1790) 1. 127. Lnk. Mausy Can cast her cantrips
and gie me advice, RAMSAY Gentle Shep. (1725) 47, ed. 1783 ;
Many were the counter-charms in use for preserving cattle from the
' cantrips coosten owre them by the uncanny,' HAMILTON Poems
(1865) 206. Edb. As long as I had the Psalm-book in my
pocket, they would be gey and clever to throw any of their blasted
cantrips over me, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) vii. Bwk. They
' wrought their cantraips owre the banes,' HENDERSON Pop.
Rhymes (1856) 57. Slk. Should she cast ony cantrips, HOGG Tales
(1838) 371, ed. 1866. n.Cy. GROSE (1790); N.Cy.1 Nhb. Like a
cunjurer he'd sit, His black airt at some cantrips tryin', WILSON
Pitman's Pay (1827) pt. ii. st. 46; Nhb.1 Cum. Gin ye'll play
some cantrip to make me forget him, e.Cunt. News (Jan. i, 1888)
8 ; Cum.1 ' Come, Robin, show us yen o' thy cantrips. Aa divn't
care for tha, God's abeiinn the deeval.' Just then a whirlwind
arose and overturned nearly every cock in the field. No more
cantrips were asked for.
2. A trick, frolic, piece of mischief.
Sc. I think some Scotch deevil put it in my head to play him yon
ither cantrip, SCOTT Antiquary (1816) xliv ; Life wad no be worth
havin' if I had to write down a' the servant lassie's cantrips in a big
bookie, STEEL Rowans (1895) 200. FrC Her big tarn-cat Had
played some cantrips, WATT Poet. Sketches (1880) 22. Rnf. Re-
gardless wha sits on its back. Its cantrips aye repeatin', NEILSON
Poems (1877) 83. Ayr. Bonaparte, as it is well known, was a
perfect limb of Satan against our prosperity. . . . His cantrips, in this
CANT-ROBIN
CAP
year, began to have a dreadful effect, GALT Ann. Parish (1821)
xlix. Lnk. The creatur's ken when we laugh at their cantrips we
winna be ower sair on them, FRASF.R Whaups (1895) xiii. Slk.
Nane o' your cantrips wi' me, HOGG Tales (1838) 56, ed. 1866.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
3. v. To perform ' uncanny ' or magic deeds.
Wm. She oft went rompen wi' the deel To some kirkyard
when't wind blew hard To cantrip ower the deed, WHITEHEAD
Leg. (1859) 35.
4. adj. Magical, witch-like.
Kcd. A' his cantrip tricks were dung By scarlet thread an' ran-
tree rung, GRANT Lays (1884) 103. Rnf. Their cantrip arts are
nought to me, ALLAN Ev. Hours (1836) 125. Ayr. When the best
wark-lume i' the house, By cantrip wit, Is instant made no worth
alouse, BuRKsAddressDeil(itfsY, In order that the gipsy oracle,
with her cantrip arts, might penetrate the future, JOHNSTON Glen-
buckic (1889) 10.
CANT-ROBIN, sb. Fif. (JAM.) The dwarf wild-rose,
with white flowers.
CANTY, adj. and adv. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Stf. Lin. Also written cantie, see below, [ka'nti.]
1. adj. Pleasant, cheerful ; merry, brisk, lively. See
Cant, adj.
Sc. decking time's aye canty time. SCOTT Guy M. (1815) i ; A
fine canty friendly cracky man, STEVENSON Catriona (1892) xii ; A
cozy house, and canty wife, Keeps aye a body cheerly, CHEALES
Prov. Flk-Lore, 137 ; As canty's a crick (J.Ar.). ne.Sc. A canty
income sufficient, an" mair than sufficient, for my wants, GRANT
Keckleton, 10. Abd. A snug thack'd house, a canty fire, BEATTIES
Parings (1813) 66, ed. 1873; Lindy is as canty as a midge, Ross
Helenore (1768) 142. Kcd. A minister o' Bobbintap Composed a
canty spring, GRANT Lays (1884) 53. Frf. Old Snecky Hobart,
who was a canty stock but obstinate, BARRIE Licht (1893^ 65. Per.
The minister hardly ever speaks gin ye dinna speak tae him,
though he's aye canty, IAN MACLAREN Auld Lang Syne (1895 } 47.
e.Fif. There he sat doon wi' a cantie bit wifie, LATTO Tarn Bodkin
(1864) xxxi. Rnf. Frisk awa, cantie lambie, YOUNG Pictures u865)
57. Ayr. Now they're crouse and cantie baith, BURNS Duncan
Gray; He was canty in his barliehoods, SERVICE Notandums (1890)
102. Lnk. I'll be more canty wi't and ne'er cry dool, RAMSAY
Gentle Shep. (1725") ai, ed. 1783; Jist listen to this canty sang,
WARDROP /. Mathieson (1881) 12. Lth. A canty nicht we hae, wi'
speeches an' toasts an" sic-like, STRATHESK. More Bits (ed. 1885)225.
Edb. He was a crouse, cantie auld cock, MOIR Mansic Wauch
(1828) 81. Slk. Let me tell you to your face, ma canty chiel, CHR.
NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) III. 130. Gall. The wee leddy took the
road name as canty as a lark, CROCKETT Raiders (1894) xxiii. Ant.
He is a canty body, Ballymena Obs. (1892). n.Cy. GROSE (1790).
N.Cy.1 Nhb. My canny keel laddie, Se hansum, se canty, and
free, O ! ROBSON Sandgate Lassie (c. 1812) in ALLAN Coll. (1891) 1 14 ;
Nhb.1 Cum. Let us ... Still be as canty as we can, STAGG Misc.
Poems (1805) New Year"*, Epist. ; (M.P.); Cum.3 Wm. Many a
thrifty old dame, and her canty old man, CLOSE Tales and
Leg. (1862) 72. n.Yks. (I.W.) ; n-Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 A canty aud
dceam for her years. ne.Yks.1 In rare use. Sha's a canty au'd
lass. e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788); e.Yks.1 Gen. made
use of in ref. to elderly persons. m.Yks.1 w.Yks. HUTTON Tour
to Caves (1781) ; My mother lived till eighty, a canty dame to the
last, BRONTE Wuthering Heights (1847) xxli- n.Lan. Hi sud miak
a kanti aid man (W.S.). ne.Lan.1, nXin.1
Hence (i) Cantie-snatchet, sb. a louse ; (2) Cantily,
adv. pleasantly, merrily ; well.
(i) Rxb. (JAM.) (2) Abd. Sae blyth and cantily they sing,
SHIRREFS Poems (1790)280. Kcd. Cantily they pass'd the manse,
An cantily the kirk, GRANT Lays (1884) 10. Ayr. [She] joked
with me real cantily, JOHNSTON Gtenbuckie (1889) 181 ; Made the
winter nights fly cantily by, GALT Ann. Parish (1821) xxxiii. Gall.
Walking cantily on their ain feet, CROCKETT Cleg Kelly (1896) 271.
2. Small and neat.
n-Sc. A canty creature (JAM.).
3. In good health, well.
Abd. This epistle comes to speir gin ye be canty, BEATTIES
Parings (1813) i. Wm. Hooer ye?— Ah'scanty,considerin'(B.K.).
4. Slightly intoxicated.
Stf. Monthly Mag. (1816) I. 494.
5. adv. Contentedly, merrily, cheerfully.
Lth. Three short years flew by fu' canty, MACNEILL Poet. Wks.
(1856) 127. Rxb. Canty he sat wi' his buckle bund shoon, RIDDELL
Poet. Wks. (ed. 1871) I. 37. Gall. Sit canty like Jenny and Jack,
CROCKETT Grey Man (1896) 248.
CANYEL, v. and sb. Lnk. (JAM.) 1. v. To jolt, cause
to jolt. 2. sb. A jolt.
CAP, sb.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
1. In comp. (i) Cap-ball, a boy's game ; see below ; (2)
•dockin, the butter-burr, Petasites vulgaris; (3) -head,
a top placed upon an air-box, used in sinking, &c., for the
purpose of getting as much air as possible ; (4) -hens,
a breed of fowls having a large crest or top-knot ; (5)
-mint, the plant Calamintha rJfficinalis ; (6) -neb, (a) see
•nebbing ; (b) the piece of iron put on the toe of a shoe ;
(c) a kind of pastry made in the shape of a semi-circle ;
(7) -nebbing, the peak or projecting front of a cap ;
(8) -paper, a coarse brownish paper ; (9) -raven, (a)
a cap or hood in a framework of timber ; (b) pi. Obs.
portions of wooden spars put in as stowage when the
cargo of timber is packed into the ship's hold ; (10) -river,
a termagant; (n) -screed, the broad frill or border of
a woman's cap ; (12) -shell, the piece of iron which covers
the end of a plough-beam to regulate the breadth and
depth of the furrow ; (13) -staff, a lever by which a press
is moved.
(i) N.I.1 Ant. Supposing there are six players, their caps are
laid in a row against the wall, and each throws a ball in succession
at the caps. If the thrower succeeds in putting a ball into a cap,
all run away but the person to whom the cap belongs, who seizes
the ball and tries to hit some one with it. If he succeeds, a stone
is put in the cap of the one hit ; if he misses, a stone is placed in
the thrower's cap. The first person to get six stones in his cap
has to undergo a penalty, gen. he has to stand against a wall with
his right hand extended till all strike him with the ball (W.J.K.).
(2) n.y ks. (3) Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. GREENWEJU. Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
(4) Brks. Seven cock chickens or seven cap hens, HUGHES Scour.
White Horse (1859) vii ; (M.E.B.) (5) Yks. (6, a) Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (Jan. 20, 1892). Lan. Aw fund two cap-nebs and a thimble
in it, WAUGH Owd Bodle, 250. (6) Slk. (JAM.) (c) w.Yks. Hah's
thi cap-nebs, Joe ? — A hawpny. — Gi'e us two (M.F.). (7) n-Yks.1 2
(8) nw.Der.1 (9, a) Nhb.1 Capravens for trussles, Barber Surgeon's
Bks., Newcastle, (b) n.Yks.2 Obs. (10) Lan.1 He's a terrible hen-
peckt chap, too, for their Sally's a gradely cap-river when hoo
starts, WAUGH Chimn. Corner (1873). (n) Dnr.1, n.Yks.12 w.Yks.
Hur cap-screed an hair all hingin dahn like a weepin willa, TOM
TREDDLEHOYLEBairnsla Ann. (1861)31; w.Yks.12 n. Lin.1 Master
Edward's setten my cap-screed a-fire, as I was huggin' him up to
bed. (12) Nhb.1 (13) Som. The press is strained as tight as it
will bear by a lever or cap-staff, MARSHALL Review (1818) II. 524.
2. In phr. (i) Cap and button, master and mistress both,
a woman whose husband is a nonentity ; (2) — and knee,
(3) — in hand, humbly, gratefully.
(i) Chs. Th' owd lass were cap and button too i' that house,
CROSTON Enoch Crump (1887)8. (2) Sc. A generous remuneration
to the attendants which was received with cap and knee, SCOTT
Nigel (1822) xxxv. (3) n.Lin.1 He's alus cap in hand to ... when
he's theare, but when his back's ton'd he calls him a leein' nazzle,
like th' rest o' foaks. Nhp.1
3. A sum of money collected after a 'run' for the
benefit of the huntsman, or for a professional cricketer.
War.3 w.Som.1 Dhai gau't u kaa'p u zab'm shul-eenz-n vufpuns
vau'r-n [they got a sum collected of seven shillings and fivepence
for him].
Hence (i) Cap, v. to make a collection of money either
in the hunting-field or cricket-ground ; (2) Cap-money,
sb. the money so collected.
(i) War.3 They used to cap for us then, MORDAUNT & VERNEY
War. Hunt (1896) I. 288. w.Soin.1 (2) ib. In daily observance.
' A hundred a year and cap-money ' is the commonest of phrases
for the salary of a huntsman.
4. A piece of leather or patch on the toe of a boot or
shoe.
Nhb.1, e.Dur.1 n.Wm. Put us a cap on mi shoe (B.K.). n.Yks.
(I.W.) w.Yks. Mi buit wonts 3 kap seun on (J.W.).
5. The top or hood-sheaf of a shock of corn.
Nhb.1 e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1796). Nhp.1
6. Comp. Cap-sheaf, the sheaf of corn with which
a ' stitch ' is covered in showery weather ; the straw
forming the top of a thatched rick. Also usedyfg-.
Ayr. The neighbourhood turned out in a body to share in the
triumph of putting the cap-sheaf, as it were, on Peter's castle,
Ballads and Sngs. (1846) I. 105. Nhb.1 Dor. BARNES Gl. (1863).
CAP
CAP
w.Som.1 Jim must g' up'n the whait-field ; the kaap sheevz be all
a-blowed off.
7. The blue ' top ' or lambent flame, which appears
above the ordinary flame of a candle or lamp, when
it is burning in an atmosphere of air and fire-damp.
Also called Show (q.v.).
Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
8. pi. The combs of wild bees ; the tops put on bee-
hives for the purpose of getting the combs. Sc. (JAM.).
Ayr. (J.F.)
9. pi. Fungi of various kinds, toad-stools.
e.An.1, Suf. (F.H.) Sus., Hmp. HOLLOWAY.
10. An upper bed of stone in the Swanage and Portland
quarries.
Dor. In Seacombe quarry there is ' White cap,' ' Spangle cap,'
' Lisby bed,' ' Middle cap,' ' House cap,' and ' Under-picking cap'
(C.W.) ; The cap is a very hard, glassy stone, and varies in thick-
ness from i to 24 inches. At Portland ' cap ' is also the name of
a bed of the Purbeck formation, which overlies the Portland forma-
tion (H.J.M.).
11. The band made either of leather or wood, which
connects the two parts of a flail.
Chs.1 Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.1 A Hail has two caps, the hand-staff
cap, gen. made of wood, and the swingel cap, made of leather.
Hence (i) Cappence, (2) Capsall, sb. the hinge or
swivel-joint of the old-fashioned flail.
(i) WU.1 (a) Wil. An old rustic rejoiced in a present of stout
white leather — ' 'twill make a famous capsall for my new draishells'
[nail], N. & Q. (1868) 4th S. ii. 518.
12. A highly polished cylindrical shaped cover, used to
wind the yarn on to the bobbin by means of the friction
set up by the revolution of the yarn round it. w.Yks.
(F.R.)
13. Comp. Cap-stick, a short staff which is put inside the
cleaning cloth when cleaning out the caps. ib.
[11. Cappe of a flayle, liasse dun flaiav, PALSGR. ;
A cappe of a fiaylle, cappa, Cath. Angl. (1483).]
CAP, sb.2 Sc. Irel. Also written caup Sc. [kap,
kop, k?p.]
1. A wooden cup or bowl, sometimes with two ears or
handles.
Sc. It is pity but he could keep caup and can frae his head,
SCOTT Nigel ( 1 822) xv. Sh.I. (Coll. L. L. B. ) Elg. I'm sick o' brose
an' brochan dose, A richer caup I'll claw yet, TESTER Poems (1865)
120. Bnff.1 He's as fou's cap or stoup'll mack 'im [He is as drunk
as possible]. Abd. There's naething leyk a timmer cap For milk,
or ale or weer, Goodwife (1867) st. 34. Kcd. Bowies, cogs, and
caups, GRANT Lays (1884) 2. Frf. Twa e'en maist as big as brose
caps, WATT Poet. Sketches (1880) 26. e.Fif. The wife wi the
caudle caup on her knee, LATTO Tarn Bodkin (1864) ii. Rnf.
Blythe Willie o' the kirn and cappie, BARR Poems (1861) 91.
Ayr. Drink" gaed round in cogs an' caups, BURNS Holy Fair (1785)
st. 23. Lnk. Stoups an' caups ofyill, and bowls of milk, HAMILTON
Poems (1865) 183. Lth. A canty fireside, and a cap o' gude ale,
MACNEILL Poet. Wks. (1856) 220. Edb. And timber caups, — and
ivory egg-cups of every pattern, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) iii.
Bwk. Holding up her ' sark-tail,' . . . till the lads loomed the caup
into it, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 81. N.I.1 Ant. Bally-
mena Obs. (1892).
Hence (i) Capper, sb. a turner of wooden bowls ; (a)
Cappie, adj. cup-shaped, hollow; (3) Cappit, ppl. adj.
cup-shaped, concave.
(i) Bnff. (W.C.) Lth. His quarters adjoined Benjie Cranstoun's
cooperage, or, to use the Scotch expression, ' marched ' wi' the
capper's, STRATHESK More Bits ved. 1885) 56. N.I.1 (2) Sc.
Roun, roun, rosy, cappie, cappie shell, Old Rhyme (JAM. Suppl.}.
(3 Ayr. Gie me a wee cappit bake and jeelie to keep ma frae
greetin', SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887) 16.
2. Comp. (i) Cap-ale, a kind of beer between table-beer
and ale, formerly drunk by the middle classes ; also
called Cappie (q.v.) ; (2) -ambry, a press or cupboard for
holding wooden vessels or cups ; (3) -full, the fourth part
of a peck ; (4) -stride, to drink in place of another, to
forestall another in drinking.
(i) Sc. (JAM.) Elg. Macgruther under the influence of Mrs.
Macintosh's cap-ale, COUPER Tourifications (1803) II. 114. (2) Sc.
They brake down beds, boards, cap-ambries, glass windows,
SPALDING Hist. Sc. ^1792) I. 157 (JAM. . (3) Cld. A capfu' o' meal,
VOL. I.
salt, &c. (JAM.) (4) ftxb. Better be cuckold than capstridden ,
Prov. (JAM.)
3. In phr. (i) to kiss caps, to drink out of the same vessel,
to drink with ; (2) to drink cap out, to leave nothing in the
vessel ; (3) clean-cap-out, deep drinking.
(i) Sc. I wadna kiss caps wi' sic a fellow (JAM.). Abd. We'se
kiss the cap, in honour of the place, SHIHREFS Poems (1790) 37.
Ayr. And monie a friend that kiss'd his caup Is now a frammit
wight, BURNS Five Carlins (1789) st.2o. (2) Sc. (JAM.) ; Drink clean
cap-out, like Sir Hildebrand, SCOTT Rob Roy (1817) xxix. (3) Sc.
We may swig at clean-cap-out Till sight and siller fail us, PICKEN
Poems (1813) I. 93 (JAM.).
[A pron. of older cop, a cup. Can and collep, cop and
quart, DUNBAR Dance (1507) 95, ed. Small, II. 120. OE.
(Nhb.) copp (Mark ix. 41) ; cp. ON. koppr, Du. kop
(HEXHAM).]
CAP, sb* Cum. [kap.] The master, head, chief.
Also called Cob (q.v.).
Cum. GL (1851) ; GROSE (1790).
[OFr. cap, head, also, chief, commander (LA CURNE) ;
cp. It. capo, a head, chief, captain (FLORID).]
CAP, v.1 Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also written
kap Wm. ; cop Lan.'
1. To put a covering over a sheaf of corn.
Hrt. ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) V. i.
Hence (i) Capping, vbl. sb. a cover for a shock of corn
formed by two sheaves, opened and placed over the ears
of grain ; (2) Capping-sheaves, sb. the hood-sheaves of
a stook.
(i) Suf. They use no precaution against rain, merely setting ten
or a dozen together without capping, MARSHALL Review (1811) III.
437- (2) n.Lin.1 Ten sheaves make a stook of corn ; when it is
probable that rain will fall, two of these sheaves are taken and
put at right angles upon the top, so as to make a hood for the
others.
2. To crown a wall with mortar. Nhp.1
3. To mend shoes at the toe by putting a ' cap ' or patch
on them. ne.Lan.1, Chs.2 Cf. cappel.
4. To put a ' cap ' or shackle on a rope.
Nhb.1 Nhb., Dur. GREENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
5. To put better-dressed grain at the top of a sack.
Cum.1 Wm. Where corn is sold by a sample sack, it is a trick
of the trade to put a quantity of grain into a cushion and by sitting
upon it give it a brighter appearance than it otherwise would
have. The grain so prepared is placed on the top of that in the
sample sack, which is spoken of as a ' capt un ' i,B.K.).
6. Of boiling liquid: to raise a scum.
s.Chs.1 Bin dhu tai'tuz beyld ?— Noa', bu dhi) bin ky'aap-in,
ky'aap't [Bin the tatoes beiled ? — No, bu' they bin cappin' or ' capt '].
7. To put a finishing touch on, to crown, consummate.
n.Yks.2 Now you have capp'd it [concluded the matter]. It
fair capp'd me [the medicine quite cured me]. ne.Yks.1 Ah
muck'd it weel t'last backend, an' that capp'd it. That last bottle
capp'd ma [spoken to a doctor]. m-Yks.1 w.Yks.2; w.Yks.3
Sho's capp'd wi' a husband. Lan.1
Hence Capping-word, sb. the last word in an altercation.
n.Yks.2 Also called Couping-word (q.v.).
8. To challenge to competition, to overcome.
e.An.1 An idle boy leaps a ditch, or climbs a tree, and if his play-
fellow cannot equal or out-do him, it is a cap; he has cap'd him;
e.An.2, Nrf.1, Suf. (F.H.)
Hence Cap, sb. a challenge, defiance, that which
cannot be outdone, esp. in phr. to set a cap.
n-Yks.1, e.An.1 Suf. (F.H.) ; Suf.1 I'll set yeow a cap.
9. To outdo, excel, surpass. In gen. colloq. use.
Per. 'That caps a',' says I, when I heard of it, CLELAND
Inchbracken (1883) 112, ed. 1887. Lth. (JAM.\ N.Cy.1 Nhb. Tom
Johnson caps aw that ivver aw saw, BAGNALL Sngs. (c. 1850) 16 ;
Nhb.1, Dur.1 Lakel. ELLWOOD (1895). Cum. He capp'd the
priest, maister, exciseman and aw, ANDERSON Ballads (1808) 135 ;
Gl. (1851). Cum., Wm. A child hadbeen baptized by the same name
as another which had died of the same parents ; it was remarked
as savouring of impiety — 'just as if they wanted to cap God
Almighty' (M.P.). Wm. Nature's bonny queen Clean caps man's
art and painter's skill, WHITEHEAD The Lyvennet (1859) 6. n.Yks.1
That caps owght that ivver Ah beared ; n.Yks.3, ne.Yks.1 e.Yks.1
He capp'd all at com at feeat-ball. w.Yks. Bat kaps tlot on am
(J.W.). Lan. Is not hoo a snicket? — Caps the very owd lad,
3*
CAP
CAPEL
BRIERLEY Marlocks (1867) 26 ; Lan.1, e.Lan.1, Chs.1 s.Chs.1 It
did)nu maaftir wot lahyz dhai tuwd, 6e)d ky'aap- um widh u big'ur
[It didna matter what lies they towd, he'd cap 'em with a bigger].
Der.2 Not. That caps him all to nothing (L.C.M.) ; (W.H.S.) ;
Not.1 s.Not. It simply capped all as iver I seed (J.P.K.). n.Lin.
' This caps all,' thinks Jack, PEACOCK Tales and Rhymes (1886) 65 ;
n-Lin.1 sw.Lln. It was left for Thursday night's doings to cap all
the rest (R.E.C.). Lei.1, Nhp.12, War.123, ne.Wor. (J.W.P.),
Glo. (S.S.B.) s.Oxf. Well, if that don't cap all! ROSEMARY
Chilterns (1895) 76. Brks.i, Hnt. (T.P.F.) Cmb.1 Whatever
they may do, they won't cap that. w.Som.1 Dhik stoa-r du kaa-p
au-1 dhut livur aay yuurd oa [that story beats all that I ever
heard]. Dev. That caps I hollar, PULMAN Sketches (1842) 82, ed.
1871.
10. To astonish, surprise.
Wm. T'foke was o fair kapt ta see t'ald widow trippin off,
TAYLOR Sketches (1882) 6. n.Yks. (R.H.H.) ; n.Yks.1 Weel,
Ah's fairly capped. w.Yks. I'm fair capped at tha (J.W.D.) ; It's
capping what a lot o' things does come into a chap's heead,
Yksman. Comic Ann. (1881) 43. Lan. Aw'm capt 'at folk wantin'
to wed, HARLAND Lyrics (1866) 133. e.Lan.1, m.Lan.1 s.Chs.1
60 wQz au-viz u baad'tin lit gy'et-in up ; bu wen 60 ley i bed u)dh
wai'ks dee-, 60 kyaap-t mi [hoo was auvays a bad 'un at gettin'
up ; bu' when hoo ley i' bed o' th' wakes dee, hoo capt me].
nw.Der.1, Not.2
Hence Capter, compar. of ' capt,' pp. of ' cap,' more and
more surprised, astonished.
Wm. An' meear she wondered, an' captor she grew, Spec. Dial.
(1880) pt. ii. 43 ; A's mair an mair capter, WILSON Lile Bit Sng. 98.
11. To puzzle, perplex.
Cum. Tommy was fairly capp't hoo ta duah, FARRALL Betty Wilson
(1886) 51. Wm. What caps me t'meeast is it ther olas sa riddy ta
dew it, Spec. Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 31. n.Yks.2 I was sair capp'd te
tell. e.Yks.1 It caps me ti knaw wheear awd mear [mare] gans
teea. w.Yks. (F.M.L.) ; HUTTON Tour to Caves (1781) ; w.Yks.1 It
caps yan now a days, Bridget, to ken quality fray poor foak. ii. 296 ;
w.Yks.45 Lan. What caps me is how you managed to best Black
Jack, WESTALL Birch Dene (1889) II. 35. n.Lan.A's fear kapt wi
John, a don't na wat hi mins (W.S.). Chs.1, Der.2, nw.Der.1
Lin. THOMPSON Hist. Boston (1856) 701. Hrf. BOUND Prov.
(1876). Glo. BAYLIS Illus. Dial. (1870).
12. In phr. (i) tocapBalguy, see — cutlugs; (2)— Bogie,
to enjoy oneself boisterously ; (3) — cutlugs, said of any-
thing esp. puzzling, amusing, &c. ; (4) — the Dutch, to
beat, excel everything; (5) — Leatherstarn, (6) — old
Roper, (7) — a parson, see — cutlugs ; (8) — rush-carting,
(9) — the stack, see — the Dutch.
(i) w.Yks.2 (a) ib. Nhp.2 He caps Bogie, Bogie capt Redcap,
Redcap capt Nick [Bogie being a mischievous household spirit],
1Z%- (3) Cum.1 Wm. Captain Barnell in his cups muttered, it
capped cut-lugs, WHITEHEAD Leg. (1859) 40, ed. 1862. s.Dur.,
n.Yks. (J.E.D.) (4) Lan. It caps the Dutch that I can't find a bit
o' can'le, EAVESDROPPER Vill. Life (1869) 19. (51 e.Yks. Whah,
that caps Leatherstarn, and he capt the divel, NICHOLSON Flk-Sp.
(1889) ; e.Yks.1 (6) Brks. (M.J.B.) (7) n.Yks. A parson is
supposed to know more than ordinary people, so we say, when
we cannot fully comprehend anything, ' it would fairly cap a
pahson' (W.H.). w.Yks.5 (8) Lan. Well, if that doesno cap
rush-cartin ! BRIERLEY Cobbler, 24. (9) Nhb.1
13. Mr. To take off the hat to, uncover the head in
obeisance.
Sc. The Bishops will go through Westminster Hall, as they say
and no man cap to them, BAILIE Lett. (1775) I. 228 QAM.). Oxf
He only set my capping him down to the wonderful good manners
of the college, HUGHES T. Brown Oxf. (1861) xix. Cmb. Other
bores are to attend a sermon at St. Mary's on Sunday, ... to cap a
fellow, Gradus ad Cantab. (1803) 23 (FARMER). Winch. Magistris
ac obviis honestioribus capita aperiunto, Tabula legum (A.D.H.).
Hence Cap, sb. the lifting of a cap in salutation.
Lnk. They had so many salutations and caps, that it galled those
of the other side, WODROW Church Hist. (ed. 1828) I. 402.
CAP, v? Obs. ? Sc. To seize by violence what is
not one's own ; to seize vessels in a privateering way.
Sc. Much used among children at play (JAM.). Lnk. In
Scotland some private persons made themselves rich by caping 01
privateering upon the Dutch, WODROW Church Hist. (ed. 1828
I. 420.
Hence Caper, sb. a vessel employed as a privateer.
Sc. Ran from her like a Spanish merchantman from a Dutcl
aper, SCOTT Pirate (1821 1 xxvi ; Capers bringing in their prizes,
Commons cursing new excises, COLVIL Poem (1681) 34 (JAM.).
[A caper (privateer), pirate, COLES (1679). Cp. EFris.
•open, to take, steal, rob ; kaper, a pirate, privateer (KooL-
MAN). OFr. caper, ' prendre, saisir ' (LA CURNE).]
CAP, v? Sc. Also written caup. [kap, k§p.] To
bulge, twist, warp.
w.Sc. Capt, caupt (JAM. Suppl.).
Hence (i) Cappie, adj. given to warping like green
wood ; (2) Cappit, ppl. adj. twisted, bent, as green wood
jy exposure to heat.
(i) Ayr. That timmer's unco cappie (JAM. Suppl.}. (2) Ayr.
(JAM.)
CAP, v* Not.2 [Not known to our correspondents.]
To play truant.
CAP, see Kep.
CAPADOSHA, adj. and adv. Yks. Dev. In form capa-
docious Dev. [ka'padojs.]
ii. Of superior quali
excellent.
LI/\,1UU!3 l-f\~v. l»M. ^IWVJV.J
1. adj. Of superior quality or appearance; splendid,
nw.Dev. In
Dev.8 I tellee I've a-had a capadocious dinner,
fairly common use (R.P.C.).
2. adv. In a superior manner, excellently.
e.Yks. Machine lewks capadosha ; an sha gans capadosha,
NICHOLSON Flk-Sp. (1889) 89 ; e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.)
CAPASS, v. Yks. [ke-pas.] To understand.
e.Yks.1 Thou's bad H capass. w.Yks. Rare (M.F.).
[A pron. of lit. E. compass, to grasp with the mind,
comprehend fully. The knowledge of what is good and
what is evil ... is a thing too large to be compassed . . .
without brains and study, SOUTH (JOHNSON).]
CAP-DRAW, v. s.Pem. To overthrow, capsize, turn
somersault. Also called up-draw (q.v.). (W.M.M.)
CAPE, sb.1 Wm. Yks. [kep, Wm. kiap.]
1. Obsol. The old-fashioned juvenile collar with a 'tally-
ironed ' border, covering the shoulders entire.
w.Yks.5 The counterpart in female attire, the ' tippet,' in every
respect like the cape, save in its being longer, reaching down to
the waist, is worn yet occasionally. Both these names are in
common use, but the old meaning is departing from them.
2. The wide collar of a woman's linen blouse ; the frill
of a woman's linen hood, which covers the neck and pro-
tects it from the sun. Wm. (B.K.)
CAPE, sb.2 and v. Sc. Cum. Yks. Lin. Also Som.
Written caip Sc. (JAM.) Also in form cap-, [kep.]
1. sb. The coping of a wall ; the highest part of anything.
See Cope.
Sc. High stood the gibbet's dismal cape, WILSON The Shark, St.
10 (JAM. Suppl.). w.Yks.1, n-Lin.1
2. Comp. (ii Cape-sod, the turf or sod used in forming
the bank of a fence ; (2) -stone, (a) the head or coping
stone ; (b) fig. a remediless calamity ; (3) -turf, see -sod.
(i) n.Yks. The sod is laid, with grass side downwards, and is
cut about ten inches broad ; this is called the cape-sod, TUKE
Agric. (1800 92. (2, a) Sc. The stane whilk the biggers rejeckit
is become the capstane o' the neuk, HENDERSON St. Matt. (1862)
xxi. 42. Rnf. Thou foe to order, peace, an' quiet, Thou cap-stane
o' domestic riot, YOUNG Pictures (1865) 158. Cnm. Dogs At
owr the leave laid th' capsteane, STAGG Misc. Poems (1805) 132.
n.Yks.1 w.Yks. He sat dahn on a capestoan, Yksmn. Xmas No.
(1878) 10 ; (B.K.) (6) Ayr. The last, sad cape-stane of his woes,
BURNS Mailie's Elegy (1781) st. i. (3) Lin. The sods were laid
on in layers about 4 ft. high (J.C.W.).
3. v. To put on the cover of a wall or roof; to crown.
Sc. (JAM.) Yks. THORESBY Lett. (1703). w.Yks.4
Hence (i) Caping, vbl. sb., (2) Caping-stones, sb. pi.
the coping or top course of stones in a wall, £c.
(i) n.Yks.1 w.Som.1 The surveyor reported to the board that
the [kaap-een] of the bridge at Ash Mill needs repair. (2) n-Yks.1,
n.Lin.1 w.Som.1 Kaap-een stoa-unz.
CAPEL, s*.1 Yks. Not. e.An. Dor. Som. Dev. Written
cappel e.An.a ; cappie w.Yks.3 ; in form cable, keeble
nw.Dev.1 [ka-pl, kavpl.]
1. A loop, either of leather or tough wood, which con-
nects the two parts of a flail. Cf. caplin.
w.Yks.3. s.Not. (J.P.K.), e-An.1 Dor. (s.v. Drashel) BARNES
Gl. (18631. w.Som.1 To the [kyup'l, kee-upl] is attached the middle
CAPEL
CAPES
bind, which connects the two parts of the implement. Dev.1,
nw.Dev.1
2. The iron fixed to the end of the horsetree, and to
which the traces are hooked when at plough or harrow.
e.An.1
[Fr. dial. (Norm.) capel, the same word as chapeau,
a hat (COTGR.). Dim. of Norm, cape, 'bande, cuir couvrant
sans adherence Pextremite superieure du manche du
fleau ' (Moisv). See DUMERIL (s.v. Chape).}
CAPEL, sb? Dev. Cor. Also in form cable Dev.
[ke'pl.] Mining term : a stone composed of quartz,
schorl, and hornblende, more frequently accompanying
tin than copper ores (WEALE).
Dev. Human folly is the cable that encloses the ore. BARING-
GOULD J. Herring (1884 ) 81 ; MOORE Hist. Dev. (1829) I. 192. Cor.
Hard owld capel tes, and three fingers more to bore, TREGELLAS
Tales (1865) 164 ; Cor.1 'Capel rides a good horse' indicates the
presence of tin ; Cor.23 [WOODWARD Geol. of Eng. and Wales
(1876) 382.]
[Prob. a spec, use of capel, a hat, covering, see Capel,
sbs]
CAPELING, sb. Cor.3 Also in form caping. [ke'plin.]
The outer nets of a trammel. Cf. capis.
CAPER, sb.1 and v. Sc. Irel. Cum. Yks. Lon. Wil.
Dev. Cor._ Slang. Written kaper Dev. ; keaper Wil.
[ki'par, ke-pafr).]
1. sb. A game, amusement, spree ; a trick, expedient.
Cum. He wad hev his caper, nor car'd how it com, ANDERSON
Poems(i8o8) 31. w.Yks.Tha'sbeenat that caper oft enuff, HARTLEY
Seets Yks. and Lan. (1895) i. Lon. I used to dress tidy and very
clean for the ' respectable broken-down tradesman or reduced
gentleman ' caper, MAYHEW Land. Labour (1851) I. 416. Wil.
SLOW Gl. (1892). Dev. And zo ended thick little kaper, BENNETT
Stable Boy (1888) viii.
2. Difficulty, ' fix.'
Cor. Ere's a purty caper, us do want to go to Bodmen Church-
town, partec'lar, and the coach es gawn, PASMORE Stones (1893)
3 ; Well, 'ere was a purty caper ! I didn't knaw what to doo,
<*. 5-
3. In phr. (i) capers and blethers, foolish speech and
action, ' stuff and nonsense ' ; (2) to come a caper, play
a trick.
(i) Uls. Will ye whisht wi' yer capers an' blethers, Uls. Jrn.
Arch. (1858) VI. 45. (2) w.Yks. An wod ya think at mortal man
Wod e'er cum sitch a caper, PRESTON Poems (1864) 15.
4. v. To frisk, dance, walk affectedly, move the head up
and down with a stately air ; to ' dance upon nothing,' be
hanged.
Sc. Syne capered ben and capered but, Ballads (1885) 9.
Inv. (H.E.F.), Dmf. (JAM.) Kcb. An' some wi' hoshens caprin
Right heigh that day, DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 118. Cum. He
capert in an oot an chattert like a teamm pyet, DICKINSON Lamp-
lugh (1856) 5. Slang. I really thort that I shud caper, When
brought bevore the jidge, PETER PINDAR Wks. (1816) IV. 208.
CAPER, sb.2 Sc. Irel. Also written capper, kaper.
[ki'par.] A piece of oatcake and butter, gen. with a slice
of cheese on it.
Sc. King, King Capper Fill my happer ; And I'll gie you bread
and cheese, CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes (1870) 146. Per. She . . .
gave him bread, butter, and cheese, which they call a caper, Trials
Sons of Rob Roy (1818) 107 GAM.) ; I gave you a kaper, and a
crogan of milk, Clan-Albin (1815) I. 211 (**.). s.Don. SIMMONS Gl.
(1890).
Hence Caperer, sb, bread, butter, and cheese toasted
together. Rxb. (JAM.)
[Gael, ceapaire, bread with butter and cheese (MACLEOD
& DEWAR).]
CAPER, sb.a Yks. War. e.An. I.W. The plant Eu-
phorbia Lathyris, gen. used in comp. Caper-bush (I.W.J,
•plant (e.Yks. e.An.).
War.3 Fruit is pickled as capers, and is sometimes cultivated
in gardens for the purpose. e.An.1 Thus called from a fancied
resemblance of its capsules to capers. Nrf., Suf. HOLLOWAY.
CAPER, sb* Cum. Yks. [ke'par.] In phr. (i) Caper-
a-fram, all on one side, askew ; (2) -corner-way,
diagonally. Cf. cater-cousins, eater-cornered.
1 1) w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Feb. 20, 1892) ; w.Yks.3 (a)
Cum.1
CAPERCAILYE, sb. Sc. Also written caiper-caillie
Sc. ; capercailzie, capercalyeane Sc. (JAM.); caper coille
Inv. ; capperkayle Slk. [kapsrke'lji.] The wood-
grouse or mountain cock, Tetrao urogallus.
Sc. Red-deer, fallow deer, cappercailzies, grey-fowl, SCOTT Mid-
lothian (1818) xii ; The caiper-callie and tarmachin Craw'd crouse
on hill and muir, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads (1806) I. 197. Inv. The
caper coille, or wild turkey, was seen in Glenmoriston, and in the
neighbouring district of Strathglass, about 40 years ago, Statist.
Ace. (1797) XX. 307 (JAM.). Ayr. The days when the capercailzie
had his howff in Eglinton, SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887) 257. Slk.
The capperkayle clukkis in the wode, HOGG Tales (1838) 119,
ed. 1866. [Also called Cock of the wood, Cock of the mountain,
SWAINSON Birds (1885) 176.]
[The Capercalje . . . with the vulgur peple, the horse
of the forrest, DALRYMPLE Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1596) I. 39.
Gael, capull coille, great cock of the wood. Capull, horse,
coille, gen. of coll, wood.]
CAPERCAILYIE, -CALYEANE, COILLE, see
Capercailye.
CAPERHOUSE, see Caprouse.
CAPERLASH, see Camperlash.
CAPERLINTY, sb. Sc. The whitethroat, Sylvia
cinerea.
Rxb. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 23.
CAPER.LONGER,s6. Cor.12 1. The shell-fish, Pinna
ingens. 2. The razor shell-fish, Solen solignia.
CAPERNOITED, adj. Sc. n.Cy. Also written caper-
noytit Sc. ; kapper-noited S. & Ork.1 ; capernuted Sc.
(JAM. Suppl.) ; see below, [kaparnoi'tid.]
1. Peevish, ill-natured, 'crabbed,' irritable, fractious.
Sc. Alan has given up his ain old-fashioned mother-wit for
the t'others capernoited maggots and nonsense, SCOTT Redg.
(1824) ii ; The capernoity old alewife, ib. St. Ronan (1824) xxxi.
S. & Ork.1 Abd. They're grown sae ugertfu' and vamity and caper-
noited, Ross Helenore (1768) 5, ed. 1812. Frf. A queer auld
capernoytit bodie, WATT Poet. Sketches (1880) 56. Rnf. Like ane
grown capernoitet, PICKEN Poems (1788) To a Friend. Ayr. Twa
puir capernoytit craturs, SERVICE Notandums (1890) 26. Kcb. The
Muse at that grew capernoited, An' ca'ed me bumble, DAVIDSON
Seasons (1789) 181. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.)
Hence Capernoited-looking,a^'. testy-, peevish-looking.
Dmb. A capernoited-lookin' auld gentleman, CROSS Disruption
(ed. 1877) x.
2. Slightly ' elevated,' under the influence of liquor.
Rnf. Of the stark aquavitae they baith lo'ed a drappie, And when
baith capernutie, then aye the maist happy, WEBSTER Rhymes
(1835) 62.
CAPERNOITIE, sb. Sc. The head, ' noddle.'
Sc. His capernoitie's no oure the bizzin' yet wi' the sight of
the Loch fairies, St. Patrick (1819) III. 42 (JAM.).
CAPEROILES, sb. pi. Obs. Sc. The heath pea,
Orobus tuberosus.
Lnk. Carameile or caperoiles — the root so much used in diet by
the ancient Caledonians, Statist. Ace. (1795) XV. 8 (JAM.).
CAPERONISH, adj. Lnk., Edb. (JAM.) [Not known
to our correspondents.] Good, excellent, gen. applied to
edibles.
CAPES, sb. pi. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lin. Also in
form kyeps Nhb.1 ; caps Cum. [keps.]
1. Ears of corn broken off in threshing ; grain to which
the husk continues to adhere after threshing.
Frf. The riddlings consist of capes, large grains, sprouted grains,
&c., STEPHENS Farm Bk. (ed. 1849) I. 418. Lth. Then Goodie wi'
her tentie paw Did capes an' seeds the gether ca' ; A pockfu' neist
was fatten'd weel Half seeds, an' capes, the other meal, MORISON
Poems (1790) no (JAM.). N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Cum. MORTON Cycle.
Agric. (1863) ; (J.P.) ; Cum.1 e.Yks. The chaff, capes, and heads
gather togeather on the toppe, BEST Rur. Econ. (1642) 103 ; MAR-
SHALL Rur. Econ. (1788). n.Lin.1
Hence Keeapy, adj. having capes or chaffy corn in it
n.Yks. This corn is varry keeapy, winder [winnow] it ageean
(I.W.).
2. Flakes of meal, which come from the mill, when the
grain has not been properly dried.
n.Sc. They are gen. mixed with the seeds for the purpose of
making ' sowens ' or flummery (JAM.).
3X2
CAPEY-DYKEY
CAPPER
CAPEY-DYKEY, sb. Frf. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] A game of marbles. Cf. capie-hole.
Frf. Some boys playing at capey-dykey, a game with marbles
that is only known in Thrums, BARRIE Tommy (1896) 143.
CAPICAL, adj. Som. Dev. Cor. Also in forms cabical,
cabbical Dev. Dial. pron. of capital, first-rate, excellent.
w.Som.1 Dhaat-s kaa'pikul ! I calls it a capical job, Maister !
Dev. I'ze a cabical chap, NATHAN HOGG Poet. Lett. (1847) 8, ed.
1858 ; Us got a cabbical crap ov tatties thease yer ! HEWETT Peas.
Sp. (1892) 65 ; Theck stream . . . Ez cappical ver breedin' trout,
PULMAN Poems (1843) ii. Cor. First-rate, I zes, capicul, PASMORE
Stories, 4.
CAPIE-HOLE, sb. Sc. Also in form kypie-. A game
of marbles, in which the object is to throw a marble into
a hole. Cf. capey-dykey.
Sc. A hole is made in the ground, and a certain line drawn,
called a strand, behind which the players must take their stations.
The object is, at this distance, to throw the bowl into the hole.
He who does this most freq. wins the game. It is now more gen.
called ' the Hole,' but the old designation is not yet quite extinct
(JAM.). Bnff. Still played under the name of kypie-hole. A paper
cap is placed over the hole (W.C. ). Abd. The bool game of ' kypie '
is played from a ' stance ' about 12 feet from the kype or hole.
The first player tries to hit one of his neighbours' bools, removing
it a foot from its place. He then proceeds to hit any other, each
hit being carefully noted, or he may play into the kype and hit
them over again : if he miss the kype, two begins to play, hitting
as many as he can. The boy whose marble gets hit six times
leaves the game (G.W.). Ags. Three holes are made at equal
distances. He who can first strike his bowl into each of these
holes, thrice in succession, wins the game. It is called ' capie-
hole,' or by abbreviation ' capie" (JAM.).
f I was but a sorry proficient in learning, being readier at
cat and doug, cappy-hole . . . than at my book, Life Scotch
Rogue (1722) 7, in BRAND Pop. Ant. (ed. 1849) II. 407.]
CAPILOW(E, v. Obs. ? Sc. Also written cappilow
(JAM.). To distance, outdo another in reaping, shearing, &c.
Rxb. One who gets a considerable way before his companions on
a ridge is said to capilow them (JAM.) ; Let's try to keep in sight
the fray, Or faith they'll capilowe us, A. SCOTT Poems (1808) 101.
CAPING, see Capeling.
CAPIS, sb. pi. Cor. Very large meshes in a trammel-
nef. Cf. capeling.
w.Cor. BOTTRELL Trad. 3rd S. Gl.
CAP-IT, see Cappy, sb.1
CAPITABLE, adj. War. Capital.
War. HOLLOWAY ; War.8 1 have made acapitable job of it. Still
used by some of the older farmers.
[A contam. of capital with suff. -able, as in respectable.]
CAPITAL WELL, adv. phr. Glo. Oxf. Dev. Also in
forms cabical — , capical — Dev. Exceedingly well,
very well indeed.
Glo.1 Oxf.1 Kyap-itl wel. Dev. Thay plaid auf thare acting
moast cabical wul, NATHAN HOGG Poet. Lett. (1847) 32, ed. 1858 ;
Ev a gone droo tha may-zells most capical wul, HARE Brither Jan
(1863) 27, ed. 1887.
CAPLE, sb. Obs. Sc. Lan. Chs. Written capul,
capyl Sc. (JAM.) Also in form capo Lan. Chs.123 A
horse; a working horse.
Sc. And hark! what capul nicker'd proud? JAMIESON Pop.
Ballads (1806) I. 233. Lan. I am turned into a horse, a capo, a
meer titt, SHADWELL Witches (1682) 66, ed. 1718. Chs. It's time
to yoke when the cart comes to the caples, RAY Prov. (1678) 57 ;
(K.) ; Chs.12 ; Chs.3 The caple gate (for horses) and the ship or
shep gate (for sheep), were two portals that anciently flanked the
Bridge Gate at Chester. [Flk-Lore Rec. (1880) VIII. pt. i. 66.]
[Bothe hey and cart, and eek hise caples three, CHAUCER
C. T. D. 1554 ; Conscience on his capul, P. Plowman (A.)
iv. 22. Gael, capull, mare (MACLEOD & DEWAR) ; Icel.
kapall, nag, hack (EGILSSON).]
CAPLIN, sb. Chs. Wor. Shr. Mtg. Hrf. Glo. Written
capling Chs.1 Hrf.2; cappilin s.Chs.1 [kje-plin.] The
strong leather loop which connects the 'nile' to the
hand-stick of a flail. See Capel, sb.1
Chs.1 s.Chs.1 Ky'aap-ilin. se.Wor.1 The bow by which, by
means of a thong (thunk), the nile is attached to the hand-stick of
a rtail, or threshel. s.Wor.1, Mtg. (E.R.M.) Shr.1 Obsol. • Shr. 2
Hrf.*, Glo.1
[The cap-lings ... of a flail or threshal . . . are the
strong double leathers made fast to the top of the hand-
staff and the top of the swiple, HOLME Armoury (1688)
bk. in. viii. 333.]
CAPON, sb.1 Wm. [ke'pin.] A silly, foolish person,
given to playing silly tricks.
Wm. T'gurt silly capin set t'dog at t'yowes 'at's wi' lamb(B.K.).
[The capon, like the goose, was taken for an emblem
of stupidity. Metellus was So shuttle brained, . . . and
came flynging home to Rome again as wyse as a capon,
UDAL Erasmus Apophth. (1542), ed. 1877, 341 (DAV.).]
CAPON, sb? Sc. Ken. Hmp. In form keeping Hmp.
1. The long-tailed titmouse, Acredula rosea.
Hmp. GROSE (1790) MS. add. ; (H.W.E.)
2. A red herring, Clupea Harengus.
Ken. (HALL.) ; Ken.1 [SATCHELL (1879).]
3. A dried haddock.
Sc. Each to his jaws A good Crail's capon holds, TENNANT Ansl.
Fair (1812) iv.
CAPOTE, sb. Wxf.1 A man's great coat
[Fr. capote, ' longue redingote pour les hommes et
particulierement pour les soldats' (HATZFELD).]
CAPPAN-CARL, sb. Obs. Yks. Also written -cawl.
The name given to a small room in the Tolbooth or
session-house at Thirsk where prisoners are kept. (K.)
CAPPED, pp. Hrt. e.An. [kaept.] Of land : beaten
down hard by heavy rain. Cf. capper, sb.1 n.
Hrt. When heavy rains succeed the sowing of clover in fine
mould the surface is apt to become what we call capped, or made
to run and wash one part over the other, ELLIS Mod. Hush. ,1750)
III. i. e-An.1
CAPPEL, sb. and v. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Written
capil Chs.1; cappil w.Yks.5 s.Chs.1; capple w.Yks.3*
ne.Lan.1 Der.1 [ka'pl, ka-pil.]
1. sb. A leather patch upon the toe of a boot or clog.
Yks. To sow a capil on t'side, Philip Neville, viii. w.Yks. Obsol,,
Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 3, 1891) ; w.Yks.235 Lan.1 That shoe's
noan done yet ; thae mun get a cappel put on it. e.Lan.1, m.Lan.1
Chs. SAra/(i884 III. 195 ; Chs.1, s.Chs.1, Der.1
2. v. To mend or patch shoes or clogs.
w.Yks. Ned al want a pair a new ans [shoes] an Tom's wants
cappilin, BYWATER Sheffield Dial. (1839) 172; w.Yks.124; w.Yks.5
Bowt a pair o' second-hand boits fur six shillin', an' nowt Sals 'em
bud ther cappil'd at t'heels a bit. ne.Lan.1, Chs.12 Der.1 Shoes
are cappled when a piece of leather is stitched on upon the toe.
Hence Cappeled, ppl. adj. patched, mended.
w.Yks. No sock nur stockin cud ya fynd Below his cappiled
boit, PRESTON Poems (1864) 15 ; Th' sameowd booits, wi cappel'd
tooas, HARTLEY Dili. (1868) 42.
[The same word as capel, sb.1]
CAPPEL, adj. Obsol. Dor. Also written capple.
[kae'pl.] In comb, (i) Capple- or Cappled-cow, a ' cappel-
faced' cow; (2) -faced, white-faced with red or dun
speckles ; also, by analogy, used of persons, pale or
sickly-looking.
Dor. (i) BARNES Gl. (1863). (a) As mad as a cappel-faced bull,
HARDY Greenwd. Tree (1872) pt. n. viii ; She's getting cappel-
faced, poor thing! (T.H.)
CAPPEL, see Capel, sb.1
CAPPEN, see Captain.
CAPPER, sb.1 Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Not.
Lin. Glo. e.An. [ka-psr, ka'pa(r), kae-pa(r).]
I. 1. A person or thing that ' caps ' or excels all others.
N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 Dur. GIBSON Up-lVeardale Gl. (1870). Cum. Then
at dancin, O he was a capper! ANDERSON Ballads (1808) 47. Wm.
By my troth, it's a capper, BOWNESS Studies (1868) 6. n.Yks.1 ;
n. Yks.2 Now this is a capper. ne.Yks.1 Noo, sitha; them's cappers.
e.Yks.1 MS. add. (T.H.) m.Yks.1 That's the capper of the lot,
however. w.Yks.1; w.Yks.5 Hes tuh seen t'new machine, Bil?
What's tuh think tul't?— It's a capper ! n-Lin.1
2. A finishing stroke, something that crowns all.
m.Yks.1 w.Yks.5 Tom didn't see thuh thear, . . . an' I didn't
see thuh thear, . . . an' thah worrant thear at awal. — Well nah,
that's a capper.
3. Anything very surprising, puzzling, that cannot be
explained.
Cum. Hoo he's gitten up yonder's a capper, RICHARDSON Talk
(1871) 35, ed. 1876. Wm. Nea yan knas what it means, it's a
CAPPER
capper, WHEELER Dial. (1790) 8, ed. 1821. e.Yks.1 It's a capper
wheear mah knife's gone teeah. m.Yks.1 w.Yks. It's a capper
'at ye can find no answer tuv a simple question like that, Yksmn.
(1881) 314; (S.K.C.); w.Yks.3* Lan. Well, that's a capper
shusheaw 'tis. It's th' fust time ut ever [aw] seed an umbrell'
skinned, WOOD Hum. Sketches, 19. e.Lan.1 s.Nut. Oad John
thinkin o' marryin again \ Well, that's a capper (J.P.K.). n.Lin.1
sw.Lin. Prisoner replied ' That's a capper ! ' He did the work and
now she refused to pay him, and that he considered was a capper
(R.E.C.). Glo. (S.S.B.)
4. Anything difficult to accomplish, gen. in phr. to set a
capper.
Cum.1 Aa'l set thee thy cappers. Win. A thowt mappen thae
wer settan yan anudthre cappers, Spec. Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 2.
n.Wm. Ah'll set thi thi cappers wi jumpin owre t'beck if thoos
a mind (B.K.). e.Yks.1 Lan.1 That's a capper for him, an' no
mistake. n.Lan.1 e.An.1 Setting ' cappers,' a schoolboy's game
of following the leader over hedge or ditch.
II. A hardish crust formed on recently harrowed land
by heavy rain. Cf. capped.
Nrf.1 Suf. FORBY Gl. ; Snf.1
Hence Cappered, ppl. adj. (i) Of cream : coagulated by
the heat or by exposure to a brisk current of air ; (2) of
the surface of land : suddenly dried after rain.
(i) e-An.1, Nrf.1 Suf. RAINBIRD Agric. (1819) 290, ed. 1849 ;
Suf.1 (a) e.An.1
CAPPER, sb.2 Glo. [kae-pa(r).] The head.
Glo.1 I'll gie thee a clout on thee capper.
[Prob. cogn. w. OFr. cap, head, see Cap, sb.3]
CAPPER, sb.3 Rnf. (JAM.) [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] A spider.
[Cogn. w. ME. coppe, a spider (Wars Alex. (c. 1450)
3300), OE. coppa (in attor-coppa).}
CAPPER, v.1 e.Cy. [Not known to our correspondents.]
To chap or chop the hands. Cf. capper, sb.1 II. e.Cy.
(HALL.), Nrf.1
CAPPER, v? Ags. (JAM.) To catch, seize, lay hold
of; esp. applied to the capture of a ship. See Cap, v.2
CAPPER-CLAW, see Clapper-claw.
CAPPERKAYLE, see Capercailye.
CAPPERNISHIOUS, adj. Bnff.1 [kaparni'Jas.] Short-
tempered, fretful and finding fault continually. Cf.
capernoited.
CAPPEROUSE, see Caprouse.
CAPPIE, sb.1 Sh.I.
1. A heavy stone used as a sinker to a fishing-line. See
Caapie.
Sh.I. Having remained at the last buoy if, they then heave
up the cappie by the buoy-rope, Agric. Surv. (JAM.) S. & Ork.1
2. Comp. Cappie-stane, a steeth-stone, a stone attached
to the buoy-ropes for sinking the long lines in fishing.
5. & Ork.1 Also called Bolta-stone (q.v.).
CAPPIE, sb.2 Obs.? Sc. A kind of beer between
table-beer and ale, formerly drunk by the middle classes.
Also called cap-ale (q.v.).
Sc. Ye hae been at the wee cappie this morning, SCOTT Si. Konan
(1824) xiv ; A drap o' cappy, CHAMBERS Sngs. (1829) I. n ; QAM.)
CAPPIN(G, sb. Cum. Der. War. [ka'pin.]
1. The leather or wood band through which the middle-
band of a flail passes. Cf. capel, s6J
Cum. As threshin' time's here, we fit up a flail wi' handstaff,
and soople and cappin, DICKINSON Cumbr. (1876) 253; Cum.1,
>nw.Der.1, War.3
2. A patch of leather on a clog or shoe. Cum.1
CAPPIT, sb. Nhb.1 w.Yks. (J.R.) [ka-pit] A piece
of leather or patch on the toe of a boot or shoe. See Cap,
sb.1 4, Cappel.
CAPPIT, adj. Sc. [ka'pit.] ' Crabbed,' ill-humoured,
quarrelsome, touchy. See Coppet.
Sc. The haughty Humes, the saucy Scotts, The cappit Kers, the
bauld Rutherfords, CHAMBERS Pop. Rhymes (1870) 314 ; GROSE
1 790) MS. add. (C. ) Abd. Since ye are grown Sae unco' crous
an' cappit, FORBES Ajax 1,1742) 9. Rnf. [Tea] aft has gart the
cappit chiel Break through the laws, PICKEN Poems (1788) 65.
[Vnto that capped clarke . . . That bitterlie doth barke,
MONTGOMERIE Ffyting (ed. 1629) 649, ed. Cranstoun, 81.]
CAPPUN, see Captain.
[517]
CAR
CAPPY, sb.1 Nhb. War. In form cap-it War.2 [ka'pi.]
A variety of the boys' game of leap-frog or pitchback.
See below.
Nhb.1 One stoops or gives ' a back,' on which a cap is laid ; the
players vault over, as in leap frog, each one resting his hands on
the cap as he leaps. The one who first causes the cap to fall
must exchange places with the boy who is ' making a back.'
War.2 The first leaper places a cap on the back of the player
' down,' whilst going over, and the last leaper takes it from the
back (or failing to do so, is ' down '). The first leaper now puts
the cap lightly on the front of his own head, so that it may fall in
so favourable a position — when he pitches — that he may take it in
his teeth, and cast it over his head, across the back of the one
down, to taw. Should it fall between the leaper and the one
down, the former must make the back.
CAPPY, sb.2 Nhb. Yks. [ka-pL]
1. Captain, used facetiously in colloq. address.
Nhb.1 What cheer, cappy.
2. In phr. thou can gan kiss cappy till coaly cumsyam,
a highly offensive and irritating expression. Yks. (T.K.) ;
(B.£)
CAPROUSE, sb. Cor. Also in form caperhouse Cor.2;
capperouse Cor.1 [kaepreirs.] A great noise, uproar,
confusion, tumult. See Cabarouse, v.
Cor. You mou't hear the caprouse two mile off, ' Q.' Troy Town
^1888) xi ; And tho't you'd stank the planchin down, With such
a capparouse, THOMAS Randigal Rhymes (1895) 23 ; Cor.1 What
a capperouse ; 'tes like Bedlam broke loose. He keck'd up zich a
caprouse ; Cor.2
CAPROUSY, sb. Obs. Sc. A short cloak with hood.
GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
[Ane caprowsy barkit all with sweit, DUNBAR Flyting
(1505) n. 202, ed. Gregor, II. 18.]
CAPS, see Cops.
CAPSIZE, v. Som. [Not known to our correspon-
dents.] To move a hogshead or other vessel forward by
turning it alternately on the heads. (HALL.)
CAPTAIN, sb. Sc. Yks. Lin. Also Dev. Cor. Written
cappen Cor.2; cappun Cor.1
1. In comb, (i) Captain Cook thrush, the song-thrush,
Turdus musicus; (2) Captain-over-the- garden, the plant
monkshood, Aconitum Napellus.
(i) c.Lin. There were two kinds of thrushes, one we call storm-
throstles, the others Captain Cook thrushes, because Captain
Cook brought them here from foreign parts, N. & Q. (1871) 4th
S. vii. 187. (2) n.Yks.
2. The chief person in a gang of labourers, the superin-
tendent of a mine.
u.Lin.1 Dev. ' Thank'y, Cap'n' — he addressed the overseer of
a mine on the moor not far distant, and such a person is always
entitled ' Captain/ BARING-GOULD Dartmoor Idylls (1896) 152.
Cor. Rewarded for his shrewdness as a practical miner by being
promoted to the rank of ' underground cap'n,' FORFAR Pentowan
(1859) i; Cor.12
Hence Cappenin, prp. overbearing, domineering.
Cor.2 Don't come capp'nin over me.
3. The grey gurnard, Trigla gurnardus.
e.Sc. NEILL Fishes (1810) 14 (JAM.).
CAPTION, sb. Sc.
1. Arrest, apprehension. See Horning.
Sc. The caption of some of the most violent appeased the riot,
New Monthly Mag. (1837) XLVII. 310.
2. A lucky acquisition, the acquisition of anything
valuable or profitable. Abd. (JAM.)
CAPTIVITY, sb. Sc. [Not known to our correspon-
dents.] Waste, destruction.
Rxb. It's a' gane to captivity (JAM.).
CAR, sb.1 Sc. Cum. Wm. War. Som. Dev. [kar, ka(r).]
1. A common cart.
Cum. Neah cars or carridges hed they, RICHARDSON Talk (1876)
57 ; He leiikkt at fadder's neam on t'car, Willie Wattle (1870) 4.
Wm. N. & Q. (1873) 4th S. xii. 90.
2. Comb, (i) Car -end-board, the board closing the back
of a cart ; (2) -house, a cart-shed ; (3) -kist, the body of
a cart ; (4) -rack, the rut made by the wheel of a cart ;
see Cart-rake ; (5) -saddle, the saddle of a carriage horse;
(6) -scut, see -end-board ; (7) -slang, the shaft oT a cart.
CAR
CAR(R
(i) Cum.1 (a) Cum. Whea's wife was i' th' carras? ANDERSON
Ballads (1808) 174 ; A boggle's been seen . . . ayont Wully carras,
ib.8; Cnm.1 (3, 4) Cum.1 (5) Sc. A timmer long, a broken cradle,
The pillion of an auld car saddle, HERD Sngs. (1776) II. 143 (JAM.).
Edb. He was carrying a new car-saddle over his shoulder on
a well-cleaned pitchfork, MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) xiv. (6)
Cum.1 (7) Rxb. (JAM.) Cum. Your Seymey hes brokken car-stang,
GILPIN Sngs. (1866) 256; Cum.1
3. A two-wheeled vehicle, carriage.
Ir. We began to make inquiries for a horse and car of any kind
to take us into Fermoy, CROFTON CROKER Jaunt in a Country Car in
Hone's Evety-day Bk. (1827 ) 242. w.Som.1 The seats are sideways,
with a door and steps at the back ; the driver's seat is in the
centre of the front, and is somewhat protected by a projection of
the roof. It holds from four to six persons inside. 'Car' is never
applied in this district to a four-wheeled carriage of any kind.
Nearly obs, Dev. Up ta tha doorway the cars wis a draw'd,
NATHAN HOGG Poet. Lett. (1847) 18, ed. 1865.
4. In Birmingham : a four-wheeled hackney carriage.
(J.B.P.)
CAR, sb? Irel. A bitter or sorrowful expression of
the face.
s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890).
[Fr. care, the face, visage, countenance, look, aspect
(COTGR.). Fr. dial. (Bearnais) care, 'visage, figure, face de
Phomme' (LESPY). The s. form of Fr. chert, the face
(COTGR.).]
CAR, adj. Sc. Nhb. Lan. Chs. Also written cair,
ker Sc. ; caa-, caw- Nhb.1 ; kaa- Lan. ; ca- Chs.1 ; kir
n.Cy. ; and in forms cahry, carry, caurry Sc. [ker ; Lan.
Chs. also ke-, ka-.]
1. Left, left-handed ; sinister, fatal.
Sc. You'll go a car gate yet, KELLY Prov. U72i > 380 ^JAM.).
2. In comb, (i) Car-cleugh, (2) -hand, the left hand;
(3) -handed, (4) -haun'd, (5) -handen. (6) -paw, (7)
-pawed, left-handed ; (8) -sham-ye, an exclamation used
in the game of shintie when one of the antagonists strikes
the ball with his left hand.
(i) Sc. GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.) Abd. Can well agree wi'
his cair cleuck, FORBES Ajax (1742) n. Per. In form cahry
i.G.W.). (2) n.Cy. GROSE (1790). (3 N.Cy.1, Nhb.1 (4) Ayr. She
tells me to steek the trance door, and sit down, no' to be caurry-
haun't, SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887) 190. Slk. It maun be left fit
foremost — unless he was ker-haun'd, CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed.
1856) III. 149. (5) n.Cy. Skirorkir-handen people are not safe for
a traveller to meet on a Tuesday morning. HENDERSON Flk-Lore
^1879) >v' (6) Chs.1 Capaw. (7) e.Sc. Pillan's compliments
is a' car-pawed, SETOUN Sunshine (1896) 95. w.Lan. (H.M.)
(8)Knr.(jAM.)
[1. Upon the ker and wrang side was placed the third
idole, Frigga, SKENE Expos. (1641) 74. 2. (2) He resauit the
vryting in his kar hand, Compl. Scot. (1549) 115; With a
cast of the carhonde, Anturs Arth. (c. 1420) xlviii, ed.
Camden Soc. (1842) 22. Gael, and Ir. cearr, left-handed,
awkward, unlucky.]
CAR, see Caure, Caw.
CAR(R, s*.1 All n.counties to Chs. Also Der. Not.
Lin. e.An. [ker, kar, ka(r).]
1. A pool, hollow place where water sometimes stands ;
low-lying land apt to be flooded.
n.Cy. (K.) ; GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 Prestwick Carr was
formerly half lake and half marsh. Dnr. RAINE Charters (1837)
98 ; Dur.1 Car House, Selaby Cars, Morton Cars. Cum.1 Brayton
Carr, Kirkland Carr. n-Yks.1 Gen. used \npl. ; n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.1
Low marshy land containing remains of old trees ; flat, peaty,
arable land, as distinguished from ' ings,' which are almost always
pasture. e.Yks. MARSHALL Rur. Econ. (1788) ; BAINES Yks. Past
(1870) 124 ; e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1 w.Yks. While the deep stellfor the
drainage of the carrs was being cut, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Sept. 5,
1896) ; w.Yks.12 n.Lan. There are soft, flat, boggy meadows near
Hawkstead so called (W.S.). Lan.1 Chs.1 Gen. occurring in place-
names. Der.12 Kyaa'r. Obs. Lin. A very slight acquaintance with
the county introduces us to its Cars. You cannot travel far without
having a Car pointed out, while such names as Cardyke, Carholme,
Humble Car, abound, STREATFEILD Lin. and Danes (1888) 164.
n.Lin.1 sw-Lin.1 Most of our parishes have their Cars, as
Doddington Car, &c. Nrf. MILLER & SKERTCHLY Fenland (1878)
iv;' Moat-like places which originally surrounded the almost
inaccessible islets with which the Fenland at one time abounded
(W.W.S.).
Hence Car, v. Of water : to stagnate.
w.Yks. Where th' waiter carrs (C.A.F.).
2. A wood of alder or other trees in a moist, boggy
place ; boggy grass-land. Cf. alder-carr.
n.Cy. GROSE (1790). Lakel. ELLWOOD (1895). n.Yks. BAKER
Stud. Bot. (1863) 50; n.Yks.1 w.Yks. Be'y t'carrs an' alang
t'breah top, LUCAS Stud. Nidderdafe (c. 1882) 32 ; w.Yks.1 n.Lan.
Also a soft, flat, peaty island bearing alders and willows which
till late years used to float about the Priest Pot, Hawkshead ; it
has now, by storm and flood, got broken into several pieces and
thrown upon the shore (W.S.). Not. MORTON Cycle. Agric. (1863).
e.An. RAY (1691) ; e.An.1 Nrf. In yon alder carr . . . ' blue dorrs '
bred ... by hundreds, PATTERSON Broads (1895) 100 ; (D.W.L.) ;
(A.G.); Nrf.1 Suf. MORTON Cyclo. Agric. (1863); Jest agin the
alder car (HJ.L.R.) ; Suf.1
3. Camp, (i) Car-fir, fir-wood dug up in the cars or
moors ; (2) -grave, an officer who has custody of the
cars ; (3) -graver, (a) see -grave ; (b) a man who digs
turves and buried timber in the cars ; (4) -oak, oak dug
up in the cars ; see -fir ; (5) -swallow, the black tern,
Hydrochelidon nigra ; (6) ••wood, timber found buried in
the cars ; see -fir, -oak.
(i) Lin. A car-fir root chuck'd on the bank rig, PEACOCK
/ Markenfield (1872) I. 125. n-Lin.1 (a, 3, 4) n.Lin.1 (5) Nhb.
(R.O.H.) Cmb. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 204. (6) n.Lin.1
[1. Carre, woody, moist, or boggy ground, BAILEY
(1721); A carre, lacuna, COLES (1679) ; And others from
their carres, are busily about, To draw out sedge and
reed, DRAYTON Polyolbion (1622) xxv, ed. Spenser Soc.,
108. 2. Ker for aldyr, alnetum, Prompt. Of Scand. origin.
Cp. ON. kjarr, copsewood, brushwood, Norw. dial, kjerr,
pool,marsh (AASEN); Sw./&ayr,morass,'palus'(SERENius);
Da. kcer, pond, bog.]
CAR(R, s6.2 Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Lin. [ka(r).J
1. Humate of iron ; a yellow sediment in water which
flows from peaty land. Cf. char, sb.
Lan. It's o smeared wi' car an sludge, KAY-SHUTTLEWORTH
Scarsdale (1860) II. 161. Chs. WORLIDGE Syst. Agric. (1669) ;
Chs.1 s.Chs.' Ky'aa-r. Stf.1
Hence (ij Carred, adj. Of potatoes, &c. : haying red
scales, rusty; (2) Carry, adj. Of water: containing iron
sediment.
(i) w.Yks. (J.T.) (a) Lan.1 Carry-pleck, a place boggy with
carrwater. Chs.1 Carry water is supposed to be very unwhole-
some ; Chs.3 Water with iron chalybeate in it widely pervades
Chs., sometimes to such a degree as to make the water useless
for even cleansing or swilling purposes. Its presence, I believe,
is thought to betoken the presence of iron or coal.
2. Comp. Car-water, water coloured by a deposit of iron
or by peat.
Nhb. [Car-water] is sometimes of the thickness of the richest
cream, LEIGH Gl. (1877). w.Yks.1 I maad my sark ... as yollo as
a daffodowndilly wi' car watter, ii. 296. Lan.1, e.Lan.1, n.Lin.1
CAR(R, v. Cum. Der. Nhp. Pern. Glo. Oxf. Brks.
Ken. Sus. I.W. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Amer. [kar,
ka(r).]
1. To carry.
Cum. My feet then carr't me without perswadin, A'. Lonsdale
Mag. ^Feb. 1867) 311. Der. Let me car' it up hill, VERNEY Stone
Edge (1868; vii. Nhp.2 s.Pem. Carr' you a chair here for the
Missis. I've a carred you this here parcel (E.D.). Glo. 'T would
be plaguey hot this yere weather for them as got to carr 'ee all the
way to Dean, BUCKMAN Darke's Sojourn (1890) xi ; You carr'
the cake and I'll take the bread and butter (A.B.) ; Glo.1, Oxf.1,
Brks.1 Ken. GROSE (1790) ; All de ploughmen dat went dare,
Must car dair shining stick, MASTERS Dick and Sal (c. 1821) St. 8;
(P.M.) ; Ken.1 Sus. They'd . . . car' him off to th'sylum, O'REILLY
Stories (1880) I. n. LW. Wold chap knowedhowto carr's liquor,
MAXWELL GRAY Annesley (1889) 1. 180 ; I.W.12 Wil. The rainbow
in the marnin Gives the shepherd warnin To car' his gurt cwoat
on his back, SWAINSON Weather Flk-Lore (1873) 195; Na mwore
we'll car un extry bits, SLOW Rhymes (1889) 65. Dor.1 The
waggon cooden car al', 58. Som. Twer heavy, zur — I coodn't
car't, AGRIKLER Rhymes (1872) 12; Cassn't car'n ? W. & J. Gl.
(1873). w.Som.1 Ez ur t-ae'vee tu kaa-r? The second syllable is
always dropped. Dhik'ee mee'ud ul bee fut tu kaa'r urn baa-y
CAR(R
CARD
[that field will be fit to lead by-and-by]. Aay shl kaa-r au'l mee
wai-t tumaa-ru [I shall cart all— i. e. the last of— my wheat
to-morrow]. You volly thick there drove, and he'll car you so
straight's a line down to Horner. Dev. Their bissens is to ...
car and vetch and husbands tend, P. PINDAR Whs. (1816) IV. 183 ;
Canst car thickee bag ov tatties awver tU squire's ? HEWETT Peas.
Sp. (1892). n.Dev. Carr et down to tha bee-lippen, ROCK Jim an'
Nell (1867) st. 5. nw.Dev.1 Cor. Ef you do car that there gun
like that there you'll shut somebody 'fore long, FORFAR Pentowan
(1859! i ; You wunt get no toll from we, 'less you car's us safe,
PAKR Adam and Em (1880) I. 89. [Amer. Dial Notes (1895) 1.
378.]
2. Comp. Car-tale, a tale-bearer, a mischief-maker.
w.Som.' Oh ! her's a proper old car-tale : nif her knowth it all
the parish'll year o' ut Vore marra night.
3. With adv. away : to steal. w.Som.1
4. To understand, comprehend.
Dev. Kiss'n car't ? [can't you understand it ?] Reports Provinc.
(1887) 5.
5. In pass, to be car'd, to be carried off, to die.
n.Dev. The poor little chap kip'th on gittin' the crope [croup]
iv'ry month or zo. I'm afeard he'll be car'd arter all (R.P.C.).
CAR(R, see Cower.
CARAMEILE, see Carmele.
CARANT, see Courant.
CARAVANSES, sb. pi. Ken. Also written caravazas.
Haricot beans.
Ken. (D.W.L.); ' Caravansers ' is in common use (P.M.); A
Dover grocer told me that the word is still in use among old-
fashioned people (E.R.O.).
[When I was in the Navy, haricot beans were in constant
use as a substitute for potatoes, and in Brazil and else-
where were called Calavances, SIR J. HOOKER (c. 1880)
in YULE Gl. (1886) ; Garvances, or small peaze or beanes,
COCKS Diary (1620) II. 311 (¥ULE). Sp. garvdnco, a pease
(MINSHEU) ; Basque garbantzua, chick-pea, garau, seed,
corn+antsua, dry (LARRAMENDI).]
CARAWAY, sb. Obs. Som. A kind of apple.
Som. So called about Bath, GROSE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
CARAWAY-SEED, sb. Lin. [ka'rawe-siad.] Any-
thing very small, hence a worthless trifle, a ' straw.'
n-Lln.1 I wo'dn't gie a carrawaay-sead to hev it one waay or
tuther.
CARB, v. and sb. Sc. [karb.]
1. v. To cavil, carp, show dissatisfaction. Abd. (JAM.)
Hence (i) Carban, vbl. sb. the act of carping or cavilling;
(2) Carbin, ppl. adj. fretful, peevish. Bnff.1
2. sb. Cavilling, carping, dissatisfaction.
Bnff.1 The fouk in yon hoose keep an unco carb wee ane anither.
[A pron. of carp, vb. (to catch at small faults).]
CARBERRY, sb. Obsol. n.Cy. Yks. Also written
carrberry (K.). The gooseberry, fruit ofRibes Grossularia.
n.Cy. (K.) ; GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.2, n.Yks.12 e.Yks. MARSHALL
Rur. Econ. (1788).
Hence Carberry-eyed, adj. having greyish-green eyes,
gooseberry-coloured. n.Yks.2
CARBERRY, v. Abd. (JAM.) To wrangle, argue
perversely.
CARBIN, see Cairban.
CARBON A (S, sb. Cor.12 A large mass of rich ore,
sometimes called a ' house.'
[Carbona, in mining, a bed of rich ore, WEALE.]
CAR-CAKE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Also written caar-, ker-
Sc. ; care- Sc. N.Cy.1 Nhb.1 [ka'r-, ke'r-kek.] A small
cake baked with eggs, and eaten on Pastern's E'en
(Shrove Tuesday). Also in comp. Blood-kercake, a cake
mixed with hog's blood, eaten on Easter Sunday ; also
called a redemption or ransom cake. See Care, sb.1
Sc. The dame was still busy broiling car-cakes on the girdle,
SCOTT Antiquary (1816) xxvi ; My mother had ance a bonny
Cu'ross girdle, and I thought to have baked carcakes on it, ib.
Midlothian (1818) xxviii; Ye'll crush the poor auld body as braid
as a blood-kercake, HOGG Brownie (1818) I. 277 (JAM.) ; Cake
made of flour, eggs, and sugar, with what is called ' beastie-milk.'
The mass is fired on a girdle and then used, N. & Q. (1874) 5th
S. ii. 54. N.Cy.1, Nhb.1
[OE. cant, sorrow, grief, trouble + cake.}
CARCASE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Wor. Glo. Also
written carcass, karkiss Yks. ; carcus Lan. ; and in
forms carkish Nhb.1 ; carcatch Sc. [ka'r-, ker-, ka-, ke-
kas.] The living human body ; the trunk.
Ayr. Some said the lad kilt her, an' flang her bonnie carcatch
doon the heuch [pit], SERVICE Dr. Duguid (1887) 231. Nhb.1 In
wor huddock lie doon, keep yor au'd carkish warm, MIDFORD
Bewil. Skipper (1818). w.Yks. Grow sadly aht o' shap i't mind,
I't karkiss, an i't face, PRESTON Natterin Nan (1856) st 13 ;
Blame his carcass, BANKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865). Lan. It does no'
matter heow good yo'r carcus is, BRIERLEY Cotters, xviii. s.Wor.1
It were about as big as the carcase of our John. Glo.1
[He thinks that Providence fills his purse, and his
barnes, only to pamper his owne carcass, SOUTH Serm.
(c. 1680) IV. ii (RICHARDSON).]
CARCATCH, see Carcase.
CAR-CROW, sb. Yks. Nrf. The carrion crow, Corvus
corone.
w.Yks.1 Nrf. SWAINSON Birds (1885) 82.
[Corbin, a carrion or carr crow, COTGR.]
CARCUDEUGH, see Curcoddoch.
CARD, sb.1 and v. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Shr.
Glo. Oxf. Also written caard n.Yks.2 ; caird Sc. Nhb.1
Cum. w.Yks. ; cade e.Yks. ; kerd, kyerd Glo.1 [kerd,
kard, kad. |
1. sb. A kind of comb for dressing wool, made of wires
set in leather.
Rnf. Like a caird for teasing woo', BARR Poems (1861) 33. Nhb.1
w.Yks.3 Mirfield was a great place for the manufacture of hand-
made cards formerly. In driving through that village during
1840-44, the traveller would notice numbers of women sitting on
the doorsteps of the cottages with long perforated straps of leather
across their knees, into which they stuck with great accuracy
wires bent for the purpose. Shr.1 The [ki'aar'-dz] were two flat
boards, each of which was about eleven inches long by seven
broad ; they were covered with leather, full of teeth— bent,
flexible wires set closely together. Each card had a handle in
the centre of the long side. When the cards were in use the
handles were at opposite points to each other. The modus
operandi of the cards was this, — the carder laying them on her
knee, with the wool or ' herdes ' between them, held the lower
one firmly by the handle with her left hand ; then taking the
handle of the upper one in her right hand, she worked the card
towards her, repeating the process until the material undergoing
it required turning or removing, when she reversed the movement,
and drove it off the cards in thick rolls. The teeth, or wires of
the cards for ' herdes,' or nogs, were farther apart than those in
the wool-cards. ' My 'onds bin that sore 66th cardin' nogs, I'm
sick o' the sight of a par o' cards."
2. v. To comb or dress wool, to mingle as warp and
woof; also Jig.
Sc. Teeze and caird the creeshy woo', WILSON Poems (1822) vi.
Ayr. A' the rest of them carded through ither, GALT Sir A. Wylie
(1822) Ixxviii. Cum. For him I'll caird and spin, GILPIN Ballads
(1874) 207. e.Yks. Ah can milk, ken, . . . cade, Ylts. Dial. (1887)
6. w.Yks. Meary spun and cairded woo, DIXON Craven Dales
(1881) 185. Shr.1 The Missis at Walleybourne wants me to card
two or three pound o' '661 fur 'er. Glo.1
Hence (i) Carding, vbl. sb. the quantity of wool dressed
at one time on the cards; (2) Cairdy, sb. familiar name
for a carder of wool.
(i) Nhb. There's nane left can handle a carding sae weel,
PROUDLOCK Muse (1896) 7. Yks. THORESBY Lett. (1703). w.Yks.
' Wake as a cairding ' had some meaning in it in the days
when a troubled spinner would revenge on the inoffending piecer,
for the master's fault in supplying him with a blend that could
only be made into 'wake cairdings,' BINNS Front Vill. to Town
(1882) 17 ; w.Yks.3 ' (2) Kcd. The Cairdin Mill at Haugh o'
Stra'an, The eelie pigs an' woo', Were ruint, smasht, or sweelt
awa' Alang wi" Cairdy's coo, GRANT Lays (1884) 8.
3. To torture by drawing a wool-comb down the bare
back.
Ir. I'd have seen Denis Brown Sallough's body-sarvant carded
like a tithe proctor, BARRINGTON Sketches (1830) III. xvi ; The
peasantry sometimes carded obnoxious fellows in this way at the
end of last century and the beginning of this (P.W. J.).
Hence Carder, sb. a name applied to Irish rebels,
who cruelly punished their victims by driving a ' card '
into their backs, and dragging it down the spine.
CARD
[520]
CARF
Ir. It's in terror of his life he lives, continually draining day and
night, and croaking of carders, and thrashers, and oak boys, and
white boys, and peep-o'-day boys, M. EDGEWORTH Love and Law
(1833) II. iii. (DAv.)
4. Of a cat : to claw, fray by clawing.
Oxf. The cat'll card your dress if you pick her up. She'll only
card, she won't scratch (J.B. P.).
5. With adv. up : to separate the cinders from the ashes
on a hearth ; to sweep, tidy up.
n.Yks.12, m.Yks.1, w.Yks.5
6. To scold, reprehend. Hence Carding, vbl. sb. a
scolding.
Per. (JAM.") Wm. An when they'd 'tired wi cardin Jwohn, An
teazin his affairs, WHITEHEAD Leg. (1859) n.
[1. A card for wooll, pecten lanaris, COLES (1670) ;
Carde, wommanys instrument, cardus, Prompt. Du.
kaerde, a wool-card (HEXHAM) ; MLG. karde (SCHILLER &
LUBBEN) ; It. carda, card, teasel, thistle, cogn. w. Lat.
carduus, thistle. 2. Cardyn wolle, carpo, Prompt. Fr.
carder de la laine, to card wooll (CoTGR.).]
CARD, sb* Sc. [kerd.] A photograph.
Per. (G.W.) Ayr. In very common use (J.F.). Lnk. But first
send me your caird, Mag — I'd like tae see your face, WARDROP
Johnnte Mathieson (1881) 86.
CARD, see Cade, sb.1
CARDER, sb. Nhb. Also written cairder Nhb.1
[ke-rdar.] A card-player.
Nhb. Just like a cairder wi' the yess, WILSON Pitman's Pay
(1829) pt iii. St. 69; Nhb.1
[The carders . . . never begin to play till the French-
dances are finished, STEELE Sped. (1712) No. 308.]
CARDER, see Caddow, sb*
CARDIAH, sb. Irel. Friendship, a friendly welcome;
an extension of time for paying a debt.
Ir. (P.W.J.) s.Don. SIMMONS Gl. (1890).
[Cp. Ir. cairde, friendship, also delay, respite (O'REILLY).]
CARDIDWIN, sb. Pern. Also written kerdidwin.
| kadrdwin.] The youngest pig of a litter ; also fig. any-
thing very small, used in a depreciatory sense.
s.Pem. LAWS Little Eng. (1888) 430 ; This 'ere cardidwin will
never grow into anything like a pig (W.M.M.).
[Wei. cardydwyn, the youngest or smallest of a litter or
brood, esp. of swine ; a dilling pig, a whinock ; also the
youngest or darling child (S. EVANS).]
CARDIES, sb. Irel. The field scabious, Scabiosaarvensis.
Ant. Science Gossip (1881) 278.
CARDINAL, sb. Bnff. (J.F.) A woman's cloak.
CARDING, vbl. sb. Cum. Also written cairdin.
[ke'rdin.] Card-playing.
Cum. And, Jeff, when met at Cursmas cairdins, Few durst take
wi' thee and me, ANDERSON Ballads < 1805") 10 ; Laird Sheppard
co' frae Thrustonfield An' need wad faw to cairdin, LONSDALE
Upshot (1811).
[(The monks) before his time followed hunting and
hawking, dicing and carding, BAKER Chron. (1674)
William II, an. 1087.]
CARDIOUS, sb. Obs. Sus.1 A mixed cloth made of
wool and linen thread.
CARDOW, see Curdoo.
CARDUI, sb. Sc. A species of trout found in Loch
Leven.
Knr. It is round-shouldered, the most beautiful in colour of all
the trout species in our waters without scales (JAM.).
CARE, sb.1 Sc. n.Cy. Yks. Lan. Chs. [ker, kea(r).]
In comp. (i) Care-Friday, Good Friday; (2) -Sunday,
Passion Sunday, the fifth Sunday in Lent; (3) -week,
Holy Week. Cf. car-cake, caring fair, carlings.
(i) Chs.23 (a) Sc. (JAM.) n.Cy. HENDERSON Flk-Lore (1879)
ii. n.Yks.2 Obs. Lan. DAVIES Races (1856) 241. Chs.28 (3)
Chs.23
[(i) & (3) Cp. G. Karfreitag, Good Friday, Karwoche,
Holy Week ; so MHG. Kar-vrttac, Kar-woche, comp. of
Kar, ' trauer, wehklage ' (LEXER). (2) Care Sunday is the
fifth Sunday in Lent, HONE Every-day Bk. (1826) I. 415.]
CARE, sb* Dev. Cor. Also written caer Cor. ; keer
Dev. [kea(r).] The mountain ash, Pyrus Aucuparia ; also
in comp. Care-tree.
Dev. Dart Moor was a forest, . . .its hill-sides clothed with
birch, oak, and 'care,' mountain ash, KINGSLEY Lett. (1849) '"
Life (1876) I. 173, ed. 1879; He had som keer put rownd ther
necks, GILES n.Dev.Jrn. (Nov. 12, 1885) 2. nw.Dev.1 If you beat
any animal with it, the animal will become poor (i.e. lean) and
never thrive again. If you beat a child with it, the child will never
grow any taller. If an animal is witched, a wreath of care is hung
around its neck to counteract or undo the injury ; pigs are so
decorated when they refuse to eat their food. Cor. Another pre-
ventative [of witchcraft] is the mountain ash or care tree, BRAND
Pop. Antiq. (I^^^} III. 102, ed. 1870. e.Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808)
II. 544. se.Cor. The mountain-ash or ' care ' has great repute in
the curing of ills. The countryman will carry for years a piece of
the wood in his pocket as a charm against the ' ill-wish,' or as a
remedy for his rheumatism. If his cow is out of health, and he
suspects her to be ' overlooked,' away he runs to the nearest wood,
and brings home branches of ' care," which he suspends over her
stall, and wreathes round her horns, COUCH Hist. Polperro (1871^
166. Cor.12
[Of Celtic origin. Cp. Gael, and Ir. caor, berry of the
mountain-ash (MACBAIN) ; Wei. cair, berries ; see STOKES
in Fick4 65.]
CARE, sb.3 and v. Sc. Irel. Yks. Lan. Lin. [ker,
1. sb. Mental depression, anxiety, trouble.
w.Yks. He's in great care just now (C.C.R.).
Hence Careful, adj. careworn.
Lth. Carefu' looks ilk puir wee face Sin' thou wert ta'en awa.
SMITH Merry Bridal (1866) 44.
2. An object or matter of care, trouble, inconvenience.
n.Lin.1 He's a pretty care, poor creatur' ; strong as he ewsed to
be, he can't do one thing for his sen noo'.
3. Comb, (i) Care-bed, a bed of suffering, a disconsolate
situation ; (2) -grinder, the treadmill.
(i) Abd. In care-bed lair for three lang hours she lay, Ross
Helenore (1768) 60, ed. 1812. (a) w.Yks. Wkly. Post (Aug. aa,
1896). Slang. The treadmill, more politely called the wheel of
life, or the vertical care-grinder, Echo (Jan. 25, 1883) 2 (FARMER).
4. In phr. Care is my case, woful is my plight. Abd.
QAM.)
5. v. To take care of, to tend.
Ir. To care a horse or a room (G.M.H.).
6. To worry, bother, be anxious.
w.Yks. Aw didn't care abaat it, HARTLEY Grimes' Visit, 86.
eXan.1
Hence Caring, ppl. adj. causing pain or care.
Sc. Drinkin' ... to drown a carin' oon,TARRAS Poems (1804) 10
UAM.).
7. With prep. for: to fear, be afraid of.
w.Yks.1 I dunnot care for the.
8. With by and the negative, used absol. : to be indifferent.
Sc. A' that coud be done, to please her . . . But, alake ! she car'd
na by, PICKEN Poems (1813) I. 189 (JAM.). Ayr. Come weel, come
woe, I care na by, BURNS My Nanie, st. 8. Slk. CHR. NORTH
Nodes (ed. 1856) III. 335.
9. With the negative : to make no objection.
Sc. Even Irish Teague ayont Belfast Wadna care to spear about
her, SKINNER Misc. Poems (1809) 159 ; I see you've read my hame-
spun lays And wadna care to soun' my praise, COCK Strains (1810)
85 ; I dinna care to gang wi' you a bit. He wadna [hae] cared
to hae strucken me (JAM.).
[3. (i) In care bed scho lay, Alexis (c. 1400) 212, in
Leg. Saints, ed. Metcalfe, I. 447 ; The kyng to carebedd
es gane, Sir Perceval (c. 1400) 1062, in Thornton Rom.
(1844) 41.]
CAREEN, v. Lei.1 War.3 [karrn.] To ' preen ' or
smooth the feathers.
[A fig. use of careen, to turn a ship over on one side for
cleaning or repairing. To carine, carinam reficere ; the
carine (bottom of a ship), carina, COLES (1679).]
CARELIN, see Carlin, s6.2
CAREYN, see Carrion.
CARF, sb.1 and v. Sc. Irel. Wm. Yks. Der. Lin. War.
Won Hrf. Glo. Hit. Ess. Ken. Sus. Hmp. Wil. Dor.
Also written karf n.Lin.1 ; kerf Wm. Den2 nw.Der.1 War.
Won Glo.1 Hrt. Sus.12 Hmp.1 Don1 Wil.1 ; kerfe Glo.2
Ess. Sus.; karfe Ken.2; curf Wor. Hmp. Dor.; kurf
Hmp. ; kearf se.Wor.1 ; carve n.Yks. e.Yks.1 [kerf, kaf. ]
CARF
CARL
1. sb. The incision or notch made by a saw or axe in
felling or sawing timber.
Dmf. (JAM.), n.Yks. (I. WO e.Yks.1 Saw carve, MS. add. (T.H.)
n-Lin.1, War. (J.R.W.) Wor. N. & Q. (1894) 8th S. vi. 329.
Hrf. RAY (1691-1 MS. add. ().C.<, Hrt. [In felling] cut your kerf
near to the ground, ELLIS Mod. Hush. (1750) VII. ii. Ess. RAY
(1691). Ken.12 Sus. (KO ; (M.B.-S.) ; Sus.12 Hmp. A wood-
man will say that a felled tree ' measures so and so, not counting
the kurf,' BLACKLEY Word Gossip (1869) 161 ; Hmp.1, Dor.1
2. A cutting of hay, a section of a stack cut through
from top to bottom.
Wm. FERGUSON Northmen ( 1856) 182. Der.2, nw.Der.1, s.Wor.
(H.K.), se.Wor.1, Glo.12 Ken. (K.); (P.M.); Dick staggered
with a carf of hay To feed the bleating sheep, MASTERS Dick and
Sal (c. 1821) st. 2; Ken.1, Hmp.1, Wil.1
Hence Carf, v. to cut off hay in layers.
s.Wor. (H.K.) ; s.Wor.1
3. A shallow channel cut in peat-bogs for conveying
water. N.I.1
4. One of the strata of the Portland beds of stone.
Dor. A middle or ' curf ' bed occurs between the two tiers of good
stone, DAMON Geol. Weymouth (1864) 77.
[1. Kerf, a notch in wood, BAILEY (1721) ; With clere
watire a knyghte clensis theire wondes, . . . And whene
)>e carffes ware clene, bay clede (clothed) them ajayne,
Morte Arth. (c. 1420) 2713, ed. Brock, 80.]
CARF, sb.2 N.I.1 The sea-bream, Pagellus centro-
dontus.
CARF, see Corf.
CARFIN, sb. Sc. (JAM.) The basking shark, Squalus
maximus. Cf. cairban.
CARFUFFLE, v. and sb. Sc. Also written curfuffle,
and in form carfuddle (JAM.), [karfu fl.]
1. v. To disarrange, throw into confusion. See Fuffle.
Sc. They dream ... In wid-drim whilk their beds curfuffles, DRUM-
MOND Muckomachy (1846) 53. Abd. Tell Jenny Cock, gin she jeer
any mair, Ye ken where Dick curfuffled a' her hair, Ross Helenore
(1768) 16, ed. 1812. e.Fif. Her veil an' her shawl weresae greatly
carfuffled an' malagruized, LATTO Tarn Bodkin (1864) xxx.
2. sb. Fuss, excitement, agitation, disorder.
Sc. Wha suld come whirling there in a post-chaise, but Monk-
barns in an unco carfuffle, SCOTT Antiquary (1816) xx. Frf.
Robbie was in carfuffle aboot her, WATT Poet. Sketches (1880) 34.
Ayr. The din and carfuffle o' the toons, SERVICE Notandums (1890)
53. Lth. Jeanie's kirtle, aye sae neat, Gat there a sad carfuffle,
BRUCE Poems (1813) 65.
[The pref. car- (cur-) appears in curglaff (q.v.) and in
curjute (q.v.) ; cp. the Gael. pref. car- (with the sense of
Lat. dis-], as in car-fhocal, a quibble, a pun, car-tuaitheal,
a wrong turn. See Car, adj.]
CARFUMISH, v. Fif. (JAM.) Also written curfumish.
To diffuse a very bad smell ; to overcome by means of
a bad smell.
[For the pref. car-, see above. Furnish is a der. of
fume, Fr.futner, to smoke, reek (COTGR.).]
CARG, sb. Cor. [kag.] Salted conger ; also used
attnb. in phr. to think no carg conger of oneself, to have
a good opinion of oneself.
w.Cor. Used in Scilly (M.A.C.). Cor.3
CARGO, sb. Not. Slang.
1. A quantity, bundle, load of miscellaneous things.
Not.8 Well now, did yer iwer see sich a cargo o' rubbish ? Whoy,
Master, if yer 'oss runs away, a pack o' wimmin in a cart's the
biggest cargo o' muck as is.
2. In use at Winchester School : a hamper of good
things sent from home.
Slang. The boys rushed out from school-court to see if the porter
had letters or a cargo (a hamper of game or eatables from home),
MANSFIELD Life at Winch. Coll. (1870) 77 (FARMER) ; SHADWELL
Wyke. Slang (1859-1864); ADAMS Wykehamica (1878) 418 ; COPE
Gl. (1883); (E.F.)
CARHAIL, v. Sc. To hail, to call out to, in a banter-
ing manner.
Edb. Carhailling the folk on the street in their idle wantonness,
MOIR Mansie Wauch (1828) xi.
[For the pref. car, see Carfuffle.]
CARIE, adj. Obsol. Sc. ' Soft like flummery.'
Sc. ' He's of a carie temper' ; spoken of those who are soft and
VOL. I.
lazy, KELLY Prov. (1721) 173 (JAM.); Almost unknown now
(G.W.).
CARING FAIR, phr. Not. Lin. The fair held in some
towns on the Monday, or some other day, before Passion
Week. See Care, sb.1
Not There is, or was, a fair kept on Monday before Palm
Sunday at Newark known by the name of Caring Fair, JV. & Q.
(1893) 8th S. iv. 312; In Gent. Mag. (1785) 779, an advertisement
for the regulation of Newark Fair is copied, which mentions that
' Careing Fair will be held on Friday before Careing Sunday,'
BRAND Pop. Ant. (ed. 1849) I. 1 13. Lin. The fair held at Grant-
ham on the Monday before Palm Sunday, for horses, horned
cattle, and sheep is called ' caring fair,' ALLEN Hist. Lincoln (1834)
II. 308.
CARK, sb. and v. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Pern. Glo.
Suf. I.W. Som. [kerk, kark, kak.]
1. sb. Care, anxiety, sorrow ; greediness ; gen. used in
phr. care and cark.
Abd. My blud ran cauld, wi' cark and care Through ilka vein,
COCK Strains (1810) I. 115. Lnk. Up, up, my heart, and walk
abroad, fling cark and care aside, MOTHERWELL Summer Months
(1837). N.Cy.1 Nhb. But yet, for a' his care and cark, Dame
Fortune sour Has hardly blessed him wi' a sark, STRANG Earth
Fiend (1893) i. st. 10. n.Yks.2 Lan. GASKELL Lectures Dial.
(1854) 12 ; Th' cark an' wark uv this warld, AXON Black Kt.
(1870) 12. Glo.1
2. v. To fret, complain, be anxious.
n.Yks.2 Lan. DAVIES Races (1856) 241 ; Lan.1 Suf. A baby
' du cark an' puke, that fare right pingly-wingly,' e.An. Dy. Times
(1892) ; How he do cark (C.G.B.). w.Som.1 Hot's the good to bide
carkin and groanin over hot can't be a-mended ?
Hence (i) Carker, sb. a peevish, troublesome child ; (2)
Carking, vbl. sb. pertinacious grumbling; (3) Carking,
ppl. adj. anxious, careful, wearying, fretting, tiresome ; (4)
Carky, adj. annoyed, vexed.
li) w.Yks. A woman at Bradfield said to a troublesome child,
'You are a little carker ! ' (R.A.G.) (2) Lan.1 (3) Ayr. Does a'
his weary carking cares beguile, BURNS Cotter's Sal. Night (1785)
st. 3. Kcb. List'ning to the chirp O' wand'ring mouse or moudy's
carkin hoke, DAVIDSON Seasons (1789) 62. n.Cy. GROSE (1790).
Cum. Away fra business carkin' cares, RICHARDSON 70/^(1876) 2nd
S. 103. n-Yks.1 ; n.Yks.2 A carking sort of a body. (4) I.W.1 He
zims plaguy carky about it ; I.W.2
3. To take care of.
s.Pem. Carking the baby (E.D.).
[1. Esmoy, cark, care, thought, sorrow, heaviness,
COTGR. ; Carke, care, cttra, cogitatio, LEVINS Manip. (1570).
2. I carke, I care, I take thought, Je chagrine, PALSGR.
(1530) ; For hire love Y carke ant care, Lyr. Poems (c.
1400), ed. Wright, 54. AFr. karke, OFr. carche, a load,
burden, charge (LA CURNE), the same as Fr. charge,
a load (COTGR.).]
CARKER, see Calker.
CARKET, sb. Sc. (JAM.) A garland of flowers worn
as a necklace.
Sc. There's a glen where we used to make carkets when we
were herds, Discipline (1814) III. 26 (JAM.).
[A contr. form of carknet, carcanet, necklace. Carcanet,
a rich chain to wear about the neck, COLES (1677). Dim.
of Fr. carcan, ' collier d'or, de pierreries servant de parure
aux femmes ' (HATZFELD).]
CARKISH, see Carcase.
CARL, v. and sb. Dur. Yks. [kal.]
1. v. To parch ; gen. used of peas. w.Yks.24
Hence Carled,///. adj. parched, gen. used of peas.
w.Yks. ' Carled' pudding is pudding that is baked too long until
it is dry and hard, parched (H.L.) ; T'owder end a foaks thay laupt
like carld-peis, TOM TREDDLEHOYLE Bairnsla Ann. (1874) 39 ;
w.Yks.5
2. sb. In pi. grey peas steeped in water and fried the
next day in butter or fat. n.Yks.2
3. Comp. Carl-Sunday, Passion Sunday.
n.Cy. Passion Sunday, called Care, Carle, or Carling Sunday,
the proper fare for that day being grey-peas steeped all night in
water and then fried in butter, HENDERSON Flk-Lore (1879) ii.
Dur. BRAND Pop. Antiq. (1777) 325. n.Yks.2
[1. Groule. Febves groule'es, parched or carled beans,
COTGR. The vb. carl is a back-formation fr. carlings, q.v.]
3Y
CARL(E
[522]
CARLIN(G)S
CARL(E, sb.1 Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Der.
[karl, l>erl, kal.]
1 A man, fellow ; a peasant, clown ; an old man.
Sc Kiss a carle, and clap a carle, and that's the way to tine a
carle ; Knock a carle, and ding a carle, and that's the way to win
a carle, KELLY Prov. (1721) 228 (JAM.) ; Gi'e a carle your finger,
and he'll take your hale hand, RAMSAY Prov. (173?) < They were
pawky auld carles, SCOTT St. Ronan (1824) i ; There waS> never
an auld carle but was a bit of an ettercrop, ROY Horseman s Wd.
(1805) xxi. ne.Sc. Argus, or Fergus, or whatever auld-warld carl
it was GRANT Keckleton, 124. Elg. He, honest carl, whiffs awa ,
COUPER Tourifications (1803) I. 10. Abd. An auld-like carle steppit
in, bedeen, SHIRREFS Poems (1790) 143; A lang-heidit schaimm
carle, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) ii. Kcd. A carle cam to our
ha' door Ae winter nicht at e'en, JAMIE Muse (1844) 127. Per. A
cankered, contrackit, auld carle, IAN MACLAREN Auld Lang Syne
(1895) 161. Fif. No paltry vagrant piper carle is he, TENNANT Anster
(1812) 57. Ayr. ' O welcome most kindly,' the blythe carle said,
BURNS Kellybum, St. 5 ; A carle that daunered about wi' his hands in
his pouches, GALT Sir A. Wylie (1822) xxi. Lth. Canty carl, come
prie my mou', ELLIS Pronunc. (1889) V. 725. Bwk. Jamie Bour,
the auld gley'd carle, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856) 52. Slk.
Ye callous carle, CHR. NORTH Nodes (ed. 1856) III. 306. Gall.
We'll empty the auld carle's meal-ark, CROCKETT Bog-Myrtle (1895")
230. n.Cy. GROSE (1790) ; N.Cy.12 Nhb. Come in, auld carl, I'll
steer my fire, N. Minstrel (1806) 67 ; That grim carle Death has
poor auld granny seized, PROUDLOCK Borderland Muse (1896) 7;
Nhb.1 Lakel. ELLWOOD (1895). Cnm.1 A rough carle. Wm. He's
a gay rum carl (B.K.). n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.1 Gen. applied to one of
weak intellect. Thoo greeat carl. m.Yks.1 w.Yks. Sum wad
liked to hev gaen ta Austwick ta see sum o' t'carles, Nidderdtll
Olm. (1875) ; CUDWORTH Horton (1886) Gl. Lan. DAVIES Races
(1856) 241. [Pull hair and hair and you'll make the carle bald,
RAY Prov. (1678) 193.]
Hence (i) Carled,#>. Of a bitch : served by a dog ; (2)
Carly, adj. churlish, unmannerly.
(i) Rxb. If she could get hersel' but carl'd, RUICKBIE Cottager
(1807) 177. (a) m.Yks.1
2. Comp. (i) Carl-crab, the male of the black-clawed
crab ; (2) Carl's-work, old-man's work, i. e. workings in
a mine of which there is no record ; (3) Carl-wife, a man
who interferes in household affairs. See also Carl-cat.
(i) Fif. (JAM.) (2) Der.2 s.v. Old-man's work. (3) Lnk. JAM.)
3. v. To act like a carl, to snarl. n.Yks.2
[1. Carle, rusticus, Prompt. ; The miller was a stout carl
for the nones, CHAUCER C.T. A. 545; He was a stout
carle, BARBOUR Bruce (1375) x. 158. ON. karl, man, male,
man of the people. 3. They carle many times as they
sit, and talk to themselves ; they are angry, waspish, dis-
pleased with everything, BURTON Anat. Mel. (1621) I. ii. i.
v, ed. 1896, I. 240.]
CARL(E, sb.2 Sc.
1. A carol ; also extended to the gifts bestowed upon
carol-singers at Yule-tide, gen. small cakes baked for the
occasion. Cf. carol-ewyn.
Sc. If ye come on Hogmanay I'll gie ye your carles (JAM.
Suppl.).
2. A licentious song. Sh.I. GAM. Suppl.}, S. & Ork.1
CARL AGAIN, phr. Sc.
1. To resist, ' give a Rowland for an Oliver.' Fif. (JAM.)
2. In phr. to play carl again, to return a stroke, give as
much as one receives.
Sc. Play carl again if you dare [spoken by parents to stubborn
children], KELLY Prov. (1721) 280 QAM.). Abd. I'll gie ye carl
again for that. I'll play carl again on you for that (G.W. ^.
[Prob. fr. carl(e, sb.1]
CARL-CAT, sb. Sc. Cum. Yks. Lin. Nhp. Also
written karl- N.Cy.1 w.Yks.1 Lin. Nhp.1 A tom-cat.
Bwk. Wi' carl-cats they squeel'd, HENDERSON Pop. Rhymes (1856)
56. n.Cy. (K.) ; N.Cy.12, Cum.1 n.Yks. It's a little knarl'd with
your carl cat, MERITON Praise Ale (1684) '• l66 > n.Yks.2, w.Yks.1
Lin. SKINNER (1671). sw.Lin.1 Some folks call them Toms, but the
proper name is Carl-cat. Nhp.1
[A carle-cat, een kater, SEWEL (1727) ; Carl-cat, a bore-
cat, COLES [ 1677) ; And carle cats weepe vinegar with
their eine, MONTGOMERIE Flyting (ed. 1629) 670. Comp. oi
carl(e, sb.1 in sense of 'male.' Cp. ON. karl in karl-fugl,
a male bird.]
CARL-DODDY, sb. Sc. [ka-rl-dodi.] A stalk of rib-
grass, Plantago lanceolata. Cf. curl-doddy.
Abd A children's game is for two to take a supply of stalks, and
alternately to try to knock off the head of each other's carl-doddie.
The winner is he who loses fewest heads (W.M.). Frf. I gar'd
the pows Hee frae their boddies Like nippin heads frae carl doddies,
BEATTIE Arnha (c. 1820) 28. e.Fif. The gauger tribe were fleein'
hither and thither like bumbees roon' a buss o' withered carl-
doddies, LATTO Tarn Bodkin (1864) vii.
[Comp. of carl(e, sb.1 in sense of ' male. ]
CARLES, see Kyles.
CARL-HEMP, sb. Sc. Cum. Lin. e.An. s.Cy. Also
written carle- Sc. ; karl- N.Cy.1 ; karle- e.An. s.Cy. The
coarsest, strongest stalk of hemp, Cannabis sattva ; also
fie. mental vigour, firmness.
Sc You have a stalk of carle hemp in you [spoken to sturdy and
stubborn boys], KELLY Prov. (1721) 373. Ayr. Come, Firm
Resolve take thou the van, Thou stalk o' carl-hemp in man '. BURNS
To Dr. Blactlock(^B9) st. 8. n.Cy. (K.) ; N.Cy.12, Cum.1 n.Lin.1
Hemp was much cultivated here until the end of the wars of the
first French empire. My father informed me that carl-hemp was
used for ropes, sack-cloth, and other coarse manufactures; the
fimble-hemp was applied to making sheets and other household
purposes. e.An., s.Cy. RAY (1691). [GROSE (179°)-]
[Karle hemp, the latter green hemp, BAILEY (1721) ;
Karle hempe left greene Now pluck vp cleene, TUSSER
Hush. (1580) 32. Comp. ofcarl(e, sb.1 in sense of ' male.']
CARLIN, sb.1 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Written carling
Sc. n.Yks.3; carline, carlen Sc. Also in form carley
Irel. [ka-rlin, ke-rlin, ka'lin.]
1. An old woman ; hag, shrew ; witch. Also used
Sc. ' Crooked carlin,' quoth the cripple to his wife, KELLY Prov.
(1721) 78 QAM.); Three frightsome carlines wi' besoms, SCOTT
St. Ronan (1824) xx; I could have beaten the old carline wife
with a cudgel, STEVENSON Catriona (1895) x. Abd. That carline o'
a wife, ALEXANDER Johnny Gibb (1871) xliii. Frf. For, vow ! ye
are an ugly carlin, BEATTIE Arnha (c. 1820) 21. Ayr. Shaking
hands wi'wabster loons, And kissing barefit carlins, BURNS Ep. toR.
Graham, st. a; His maternal grandmother— one of those clachan
carlins who keep alive traditions and sentiments, GALT Sir A.
Wylie (i8aa) i. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L. L. B. } Nhb.1, n.Yks.2S
2. Comp. (i) Carlin-cat, a she-cat; (2) -heather, fine-
leaved heather, Erica cinerea; (3) -spurs, needle furze or
petty whin, Genista anglica ; (4) -teuch, hardy, tough as
an old woman.
(i) n.Yks.2 (a, 3) Sc. (JAM.) (4) n.Sc. (JAM.)
3. The last handful of corn which is cut down in the
harvest-field when it is not shorn before Hallowmas.
See Cailleach, 2.
Sc. FRAZER Golden Bough (1890) I. 339. n.Sc. (JAM.) Ant.
FRAZER Golden Bough. 1. c.
[Sum aid carlingis, sworne to witchcraft, DALRYMPLE
Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1596) I. 287. ON. kerling, a woman,
used almost always of an old woman (VIGFUSSON).]
CARLIN, sb.2 n.Yks.2 Also written carelin. [ka-rlin.]
The portable beam beneath a hatchway in the floor, for
giving cross-support to the hatch-lid.
[The same as carlings (among shipwrights). Carlmgs,
timbers from one ship-beam to another, COLES (1677).
Cp. Fr. carlingue (HATZFELD). Icel. kerling, one of the
fore and aft timbers supporting the planks of the deck
(VIGFUSSON). Prob. a fig. use of kerling, a woman, see
Carlin, sb.1]
CARLIN(G)S, sb. pi. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Chs. [ka'rlinz, ke'rlinz, ka'linz.]
1. Grey or brown peas prepared and eaten on Passion
Sunday (the fifth Sunday in Lent). Cf. carl, v.
Sc. Will feast in the heart of the ha', On sybows, and rita
and carlings, RAMSAY Tea-table Misc. (1724) I- 86> ed- l87J>
n.Cy. Formerly doles of carlings were made to the poor, HENDER-
SON Flk-Lore (1879) ii ; N.Cy.1 Nhb. They are called carlings.
probably a corruption of carings, BRAND Pop. Antiq. (1777) 3^5 ;
Tid, Mid, Misera, Carlin, Palm, Pace egg day, Old Rimt
(J.Ar.) ; Nhb.1 Choice grey-peas, of the preceding autumn, steeped
in spring water for twelve or fifteen hours, till they are soaked or
macerated ; then laid on a sieve, in the open air, that they may
CARLISH
[523]
CARNWATH(-LIKE
be externally dry. Thus swelled, and enlarged to a considerable
size, and on the verge of vegetating, they are put in an iron pot,
or otherwise, on a slow fire, and kept stirring. They will then
parch, crack, and, as we provincially call it, bristle : when they
begin to burst, they are ready to eat, Gent. Mag. (1788). A
tradition associates this custom with a commemoration of the
disciples plucking the ears of corn on the Sabbath day. Another
associates it with a famine in Newcastle, which was relieved by
the arrival of a ship in the Tyne loaded with a cargo of grey
peas. The remembrance of their deliverance was thenceforth
proclaimed by the people in observing a feast of carlins on the
second Sunday before Easter. Large peas of a brownish yellow
spotted colour, called ' brandlings,' are quite different from the
ordinary grey pea, and are much fancied and in request for carlins.
Dur.1 e-Dur.1 Carlin's cooked in melted butter. Lakel. It was
a very common custom for boys and others to carry their carlings
in their pockets and salute each other in the house or upon the
roads with a handful of them, ELLWOOD (1895). Cum. Here the
peas are more commonly eaten without any preparation, and the
young people are also in the habit of filling their pockets with
them, sallying forth into the street, and, in fashion of less sombre
carnival, saluting the passers by, particularly their own friends,
with a handful, FERGUSON Northmen (1856s! 208; Cum.1 n-Yks.1
A name formerly, if not still, employed, at least occasionally, to
designate the peas thus called, was Little godmothers ; n.Yks.2 3
ne.Yks.1 The custom has nearly died out. e.Yks.1, m.Yks.1, w.Yks.2
Lan. Various viands appropriated to special occasions, as ...
carlins, ... to Mid-Lent'Sunday, HARLAND & WILKINSON Flk-Lore
(1867) 258 ; Lan.1, Chs.1"
2. Comp. (i) Carling-day, see -Sunday ; (2) -groat,
the money spent by farm-labourers in drink on Carling-
Sunday ; (3) -Sunday, the fifth Sunday in Lent, Passion
Sunday.
(i) Nhb. GROSE (1790). (2) Nhb.1 Our labouring people assemble
at their accustomed alehouses, to spend their carling-groats. The
landlord provides the carlings, MACKENZIE Hist. Nhb. (1825) I. 216.
Yks. The rustics go to the public-house of the village on this day
and spend each their carling-groat in drink, for their carlings are
provided for them gratis, BRAND Pop. Antiq. (1777) I. 114. (3)
Nhb.1, Dur.1, e-Dur.1 n.Yks. Karlin' Sunda' we keep up, TWEDDELL
Clevel. Rhymes (1875) 2 ; n.Yks.1 The custom is still so far retained
that bags of grey peas, specially provided to meet the demand,
maybe seen in the country shops as the day draws on ; n.Yks.2,
e-Yks.1
[The perched or burstled peasen which ar called in
Northumberland Carlines, TURNER Herb. (1562) 93 b.
Peas parched on Care-Sunday, see Care, sb.1 (a). Care+
-ling.]
CARLISH, adj. Sc. Nhb. [ka-rlif.]
1. Churlish, rough. See Carl(e, sb*
Sc. The morn I wad [wed] a carlish knicht.Or a haly cell maun
drie, JAMIESON Pop. Ballads (1806) I. 236 ; A good and learned
man, but rude and carlish in nature (JAM.).
2. Hard^ stiff, difficult to bend.
Nhb.1 Applied to ropes, &c. He's as carlish as a piece o" bend
leather.
[Carlysche, rusticanus, Prompt. 77.]
CARLOCK, sb. Yks. Not. Rut. Nhp. Wor. Shr. Hrf.
Glo. Oxf. Bck. Bdf. Hnt. Suf. Ess. Sus. Also written
carlic Bdf.; careluck Glo.1; karlock Yks. Bck. Nhp.
Suf. Ess. ; kerlock Yks. Shr.1 Glo.1 Sus. ; kerlack Not.
Nhp.2 ; kerlick Bck. Oxf. [ka'lak, kea'lak.] (i) Brassica
rapa, wild turnip ; (2) Sinapis alba, white mustard ; (3)
S. arvensis, charlock ; (4) S. nigra, white mustard.
(i) Sus. (a) Glo. (3) Yks. (H.W.), Not. (L.C.M.) Rut.1 That's
carlock-some calls it ' charlock.' Nhp.12, w.Wor.1, Shr.1, Hrf.1,
Glo.1, Oxf. Bdf. BATCHELOR Anal. Eng. Lang. (1809). Hnt.
(T.P.F.), Suf. (C.T.), Ess. (W. W.S.I (4) Glo., Ess.
Hence Carlocking, vbl. sb. the act of weeding out
charlock.
Suf. There are five kinds of broad-work — stone-picking, carlick-
ing, mangel-pulling, pea-picking, and gleaning, Macmillan's Mag.
(Sept. 1889) 359.
[(i) Rapistrum aruorum is called Charlock and Carlock,
GERARDE Herb. (ed. 1633) 235. (3) Lampsana Plinij
semeth to be the weede that we cal communely in
Englishe wylde Cole, and in other places Carlocke,
TURNER 
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